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  • 2015-2019  (667)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2015  (667)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (667)
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  • 2015-2019  (667)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responding to the challenge of fragility and security in West Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804649 , 9781464804656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (Seiten cm))
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.6/90966
    Keywords: Conflict management ; Political stability ; National security
    Abstract: Trends in conflict and violence --An overview of conflict and violence in West Africa --Emerging threats : trafficking, maritime piracy, and religious extremism --The complex challenges of youth and migration --The struggle for greater fairness and equity : the challenge of regional imbalances and improved benefit from extractives --The fragility of political institutions : managing the competition for power --Security : responding to new threats --Land institutions : a neverending conundrum --Lessons in resilience : the end of the Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire conflicts --Improving the way donors and development agencies support the reduction of fragility --Annex : political leadership in West Africa
    Note: "January 2015.. - Includes bibliographical references. - "This report has been prepared by the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0464-9
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From potential to reality : what will it take to harness a demographic dividend in Africa? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804908 , 9781464804892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (Seiten cm)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.6/20967
    RVK:
    MS 4200
    Keywords: Demographic transition ; Age distribution (Demography) ; Demographic transition Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Demographie ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Demographie
    Abstract: Overview --The state of demographics in Sub-Saharan Africa --Speeding the demographic transition --Selected social and economic effects of the demographic dividend --Afterword
    Note: "October 23, 2014.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0489-2
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From potential to reality : what will it take to harness a demographic dividend in Africa? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804892 , 9781464804908
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa's demographic transition
    DDC: 304.620967
    RVK:
    QG 700
    RVK:
    QU 200
    Keywords: Demografischer Übergang ; Subsahara-Afrika ; Age distribution (Demography) Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Demographic transition Economic aspects ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Demographic transition Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Economic development Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Demographic transition ; Age distribution (Demography) ; Demographic transition Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Fertilität ; Familienplanung ; Bildung ; Erziehung ; Schulbildung ; Frauenbildung ; Beschäftigung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Population ; Subsaharisches Afrika
    Abstract: Overview -- The state of demographics in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Speeding the demographic transition -- Selected social and economic effects of the demographic dividend -- Afterword
    Note: "October 23, 2014.". - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0489-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responding to the challenge of fragility and security in West Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804649 , 9781464804656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 303.690966
    Keywords: Conflict management Africa, West ; National security Africa, West ; Political stability Africa, West ; Conflict management ; Political stability ; National security
    Abstract: Trends in conflict and violence -- An overview of conflict and violence in West Africa -- Emerging threats : trafficking, maritime piracy, and religious extremism -- The complex challenges of youth and migration -- The struggle for greater fairness and equity : the challenge of regional imbalances and improved benefit from extractives -- The fragility of political institutions : managing the competition for power -- Security : responding to new threats -- Land institutions : a neverending conundrum -- Lessons in resilience : the end of the Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Cote d'Ivoire conflicts -- Improving the way donors and development agencies support the reduction of fragility -- Annex : political leadership in West Africa
    Note: "January 2015.". - "This report has been prepared by the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank.". - Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0464-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (176 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The little data book on financial inclusion 2015
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklung ; Daten ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Auslandsschulden ; Schuldentilgung ; Sparen ; Haushalt ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Currency ; Currency composition ; Debt disbursements ; Debt ratios ; Debt service ; External debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Global development finance ; Interest payments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principal repayments ; Total debt ; Erde
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015 is a pocket edition of the Global Financial Inclusion Database published in 2015 in "The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World?" by Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Peter Van Oudheusden (World Bank Policy Research Paper 7255). It provides 41 country-level indicators of financial inclusion summarized for all adults and disaggregated by key demographic characteristics-gender, age, income, and rural residence. The book also includes summary pages by region and by income group aggregates. Covering 143 economies, the indicators of financial inclusion measure how people save, borrow, make payments and manage risk
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0552-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Path to Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh : Bridging the Gap of Human Resources for Health (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 368.4/20095492
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Bangladesch ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition, and Population ; Public Sector Development ; Economic modeling ; Health finance ; Health policy ; Health workforce ; Human resources ; Labor scarcity ; Universal Health Coverage ; Worker retention
    Abstract: Bangladesh is committed to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) by 2032; to this end, the government of Bangladesh is exploring policy options to increase fiscal space for health and expand coverage while improving service quality and availability. Despite Bangladesh's impressive strides in improving its economic and social development outcomes, the government still confronts health financing and service delivery challenges. In its review of the health system, this study highlights the limited fiscal space for implementing UHC in Bangladesh, particularly given low public spending for health and high out-of-pocket expenditure. The crisis in the country's human resources for health (HRH) compounds public health service delivery inefficiencies. As the government explores options to finance its UHC plan, it must recognize that reform of its service delivery system with particular focus on HRH has to be the centerpiece of any policy initiative
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0536-3
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decarbonizing Development : Three Steps to a Zero-Carbon Future (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804793 , 9781464806063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (184 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Carbon Emissions ; Carbon Price ; Climate Mitigation ; Climate Policy ; Green Finance ; Green Growth ; Green Innovation ; Infrastructure ; Performance Standard ; Political Economy ; Stranded Assets ; Zero Carbon
    Abstract: The science is unequivocal: stabilizing climate change implies bringing net carbon emissions to zero. This must be done by 2100 if we are to keep climate change anywhere near the 2oC warming that world leaders have set as the maximum acceptable limit. Decarbonizing Development: Three Steps to a Zero-Carbon Future looks at what it would take to decarbonize the world economy by 2100 in a way that is compatible with countries' broader development goals. Here is what needs to be done: -Act early with an eye on the end-goal. To best achieve a given reduction in emissions in 2030 depends on whether this is the final target or a step towards zero net emissions. Go beyond prices with a policy package that triggers changes in investment patterns, technologies and behaviors. Carbon pricing is necessary for an efficient transition toward decarbonization. It is an efficient way to raise revenue, which can be used to support poverty reduction or reduce other taxes. Policymakers need to adopt measures that trigger the required changes in investment patterns, behaviors, and technologies - and if carbon pricing is temporarily impossible, use these measures as a substitute. Mind the political economy and smooth the transition for those who stand to be most affected. Reforms live or die based on the political economy. A climate policy package must be attractive to a majority of voters and avoid impacts that appear unfair or are concentrated on a region, sector or community. Reforms have to smooth the transition for those who stand to be affected, by protecting vulnerable people but also sometimes compensating powerful lobbies
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0479-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    LAC Semiannual Report October 2014 : Inequality in a Lower Growth Latin America (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (73 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Latin American and Caribbean Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Business ; Business Cycle ; Decentralization ; Equity ; Growth ; Inequality ; Inflation ; Macroeconomic Determinants of Inequality ; Social Agenda ; Stability
    Abstract: As usual in this series, Chapter 1 reviews the configuration of global risks and assesses the outstanding short term opportunities and challenges facing the LAC region. We document the significant slowdown in economic activity across the region, and explore the possibility of this being the 'new normal'. In Chapter 2 we assess if the major social gains achieved during the 'Golden Decade', in particular the decline in inequality, will hold in this less supportive environment, and discuss alternative policy responses to preserve and further the equity gains in the region
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0429-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016 : Long-Term Finance (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804724
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (208 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Capital markets ; Corporate finance ; Financial development ; Household finance ; Institutional investors ; Long-term finance
    Abstract: Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016 focuses on the ability of financial systems to sustainably extend the maturity of financial contracts for private agents. The challenges of extending the maturity structure of finance are often considered to be at the core of effective, sustainable financial development. Sustainably extending long-term finance may contribute to the objectives of higher growth and welfare, shared prosperity and stability in two ways: by reducing rollover risks for borrowers, thereby lengthening the horizon of investments; and by increasing the availability of long-term financial instruments, thereby allowing households to address their lifecycle challenges. The aim of the report is to contribute to the global policy debate on long-term finance. It builds upon findings from recent and ongoing research, lessons from operational work, as well as on inputs from financial sector professionals and researchers both within and outside the World Bank Group. Benefitting from new worldwide datasets and information on financial development, it will provide a broad and balanced review of the evidence and distill pragmatic lessons on long-term finance and related policies. This report, the third in the Global Financial Development Report series, follows the second issue on Financial Inclusion and the inaugural issue, Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance. The Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016 will be accompanied by a website worldbank.org/financialdevelopment containing extensive datasets, research papers, and other background materials as well as interactive features
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0472-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women, Business and the Law 2016 : Getting to Equal (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806773
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (268 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Domestic violence ; Empowering women ; Equal rights ; Gender disparities ; Gender equality ; Gender inequality ; Women ; Women's rights
    Abstract: In a changing world, how can we be sure that women as well as men entrepreneurs and workers obtain the benefit from these changes? Ensuring that women have the same legal opportunities as men is one part of the picture. By measuring where the law treats men and women differently, Women, Business and the Law shines a light on how women's incentives or capacity to work are affected by the legal environment and provides a basis for improving regulation. The fourth edition in a series, Women, Business and the Law 2016: Getting to Equal examines laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees in 173 economies, across seven areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit, going to court, and protecting women from violence. The report's quantitative indicators are intended to inform research and policy discussions on how to improve women's economic opportunities and outcomes
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0677-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Advances and Challenges in Technical Education in Brazil (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806438
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Challenges ; Employability ; Labor Market ; Pronatec ; Sistema ; Skills ; Technical Education ; Training ; TVET ; Vocational Education
    Abstract: As Brazil is massively investing in a scale-up of in vocational education and training (VET) through the national flagship program, PRONATEC, this report assesses institutions and policies in VET taking an in depth critical view of upcoming opportunities. It shares international best practices on selected operational issues identified as strategic bottlenecks for the delivery of technical education. The report explores multiple sources of information including a desk review of existing reports and papers, inputs/data provided by the Ministry of Education and interviews with multiple stakeholders and practitioners at the federal and state level. The report highlights the need of promoting a better alignment between the supply and demand of skills at the sub national level and of promoting better a solid monitoring and evaluation system, including the monitoring of student learning and of the trajectories into the labor market or into higher educational degrees. Issues of student career guidance and teacher quality also emerge as areas of strategic importance to the Brazilian VET system in the years ahead. We conclude with specific policy recommendations for PRONATEC
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0642-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State and Trends of Carbon Pricing October 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (140 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: State and Trends of Carbon Pricing
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Carbon ; Carbon finance ; Carbon market ; Carbon pricing ; Climate change ; CO2 ; Greenhouse gas ; Mitigation ; State and trends
    Abstract: The report is a one stop shop for learning about key developments and prospects of existing and emerging carbon initiatives. A challenging international carbon market has not stopped the development of domestic carbon pricing initiatives. Today, about 40 national and over 20 sub-national jurisdictions responsible for almost one fourth of global greenhouse gas emissions are putting a price on carbon. Together, these initiatives cover the equivalent of almost 6 gigatons of carbon dioxide, or about 12% of global emissions
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0725-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Africa's Pulse Fall 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (49 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Africa's Pulse
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Economies ; GDP ; Growth ; Macroeconomic analysis
    Abstract: Africa's Pulse is a biannual publication containing an analysis of the near-term macro-economic outlook for the region. It also includes a section focusing on a topic that represents a particular development challenges for the continent. It is produced by the Office of the Chief Economist for the Africa Region.This issue is an analysis of issues shaping Africa's economic future. Growth remains stable in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries are seeing a slowdown, but the region's economic prospects remain broadly favorable. External risks of higher global financial market volatility and lower growth in emerging market economies weigh on the downside. In several Sub-Saharan African countries, large budgetary imbalances are a source of vulnerability to exogenous shocks and underscore the need for rebuilding fiscal buffers in these countries. The Ebola outbreak is exacting a heavy human and economic toll on affected countries and, if not rapidly contained, the risk of wider contagion grows. Without a scale-up of effective interventions, growth would slow markedly not only in the core countries (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), but also in the sub region as transportation, cross-border trade, and supply chains are severely disrupted. In Sub-Saharan Africa, growth in agriculture and services is more effective at reducing poverty than growth in industry. Structural transformation has a role to play in accelerating poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Increasing agricultural productivity will be critical to fostering structural transformation. Boosting rural income diversification can facilitate this transformation, as well. Investments in rural public goods and services (for example, education, health, rural roads, electricity and ICT), including in small towns, will be conducive to lifting productivity in the rural economy. Although Sub-Saharan Africa's pattern of growth has largely bypassed manufacturing, growing the region's manufacturing base, especially by improving its fundamentals, lower transport cost, cheaper and more reliable power, and a more educated labor force, will benefit all sectors
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0738-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sub-Saharan African Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Research : A Decade of Development (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464807015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Growth ; Higher education ; Research ; Science and technology education ; STEM
    Abstract: This book analyzes Africa's current performance in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) research, as well as future trends. It looks at Africa's research performance over a decade, what it means for the continent's development and how it can benefit the growing number of young people who leave university each year looking for jobs. The book focuses on research output and citation impact, important indicators of the strength of a region's research enterprise. These indicators are correlated with the region's long-term development and important drivers of economic success. Moreover, research is a key ingredient for quality higher education. The research performance of these regions is compared to that of South Africa, Malaysia, and Vietnam; the latter two countries had a comparable research base to the SSA regions at the beginning of the period of analysis
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0700-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update October 2015 : Staying the Course (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Development ; Economic policy ; Macroeconomics ; Tax incentive ; Food policy ; Governance ; East Asia ; Pacific
    Abstract: The East Asia and Pacific Economic Update provides regular, biannual analyses of development trends and economic policy issues across the East Asia and Pacific region
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0733-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    America Latina y el ascenso del Sur : Nuevas prioridades en un mundo cambiante (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803567
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (256 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Spanish translation ; FDI ; Foreign direct investment ; Domestic savings ; Financial integration
    Abstract: Este reporte explora la restructuracion de la economia global ocasionada por el ascenso del Sur y destaca la transformacion en los patrones de integracion global de ALC y las consecuencias de esta transformacion en la dinamica del desarrollo de la region. En particular, se analiza de forma sistematica los aspectos concernientes al comercio y las finanzas internacionales, la macroeconomia y el mercado laboral latinoamericano
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0431-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires, Volume 1 : Evaluer les niveaux nationaux de performance dans l'education (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805134
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (186 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: National Assessments of Educational Achievement
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Student Achievement ; Achievement Levels ; Assessment Framework ; Education Outcomes ; Educational Management ; Teaching Process
    Abstract: La connaissance remplacant progressivement les matieres premieres et la main-d'oeuvre en tant que ressource cle du developpement economique, la disponibilite de savoirs et savoir-faire humains est cruciale pour determiner le taux de developpement economique d'un pays et sa competitivite sur le marche international. L'utilisation croissante de la capacite nationale d'evaluation a permis aux ministeres de l'education de decrire les niveaux nationaux des acquis des eleves dans les principales disciplines et de comparer ceux des principaux sous-groupes (tels que les garcons et les filles, les groupes ethniques, les eleves des milieux urbains et ruraux, et ceux des etablissements publics et prives). Cela leur a egalement fourni des donnees probantes pour confirmer ou refuter les affirmations d'amelioration ou de degradation des normes de performance des eleves dans le temps. En depit de l'accroissement de l'activite d'evaluation, la valeur potentielle des donnees fournies par les evaluations est encore mal reconnue, et les competences requises pour mener une evaluation techniquement solide continuent a manquer. Lorsque les pays realisent une evaluation nationale ou participent a une evaluation internationale, l'information ainsi recueillie n'est pas souvent completement exploitee. Evaluer les niveaux nationaux de performance dans l'education decrit les objectifs et les caracteristiques des evaluations nationales ainsi que les questions liees a la conception, la mise en oeuvre, l'analyse et la production des rapports. Ce volume decrit egalement les principales evaluations internationales, regionales et nationales dans un grand nombre de pays. Cet ouvrage sera d'un interet certain pour les pouvoirs publics nationaux, regionaux et etatiques, les institutions de recherche et les universites
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0512-7
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires, Volume 5 : Communiquer et utiliser les resultats d'une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805165
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (202 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: National Assessments of Educational Achievement
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Questionnaires ; Student Achievements ; Achievement Levels ; Assessment Framework ; Education Outcomes ; Educational Management
    Abstract: L'evaluation efficace de la performance des systemes educatifs est un element essentiel de la mise au point de politiques visant a optimiser le developpement du capital humain dans le monde. Les cinq manuels de la collection Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires introduisent les concepts cles des evaluations nationales du niveau de performances des eleves, dont les questions politiques a traiter dans la conception et la mise en 'uvre des evaluations ou le developpement d'un test, la conception d'un questionnaire, l'echantillonnage, l'organisation et la mise en 'uvre de la collecte de donnees, le nettoyage et l'analyse statistique des donnees, la redaction de rapports et l'exploitation des resultats pour ameliorer la qualite de l'education. Qu'apprennent les eleves ' Dans le monde, les gouvernements qui aspirent a ameliorer la qualite de l'education se tournent vers les evaluations nationales pour obtenir ces informations si precieuses dans les domaines cles des programmes de cours. La capacite a mener des evaluations nationales s'est remarquablement renforcee ces dernieres annees, mais l'utilisation generalisee des conclusions n'a pas suivi. Ce manuel vise a demontrer la valeur essentielle de ces donnees et a assister les pays dans l'exploitation des connaissances issues des evaluations nationales. Communiquer et utiliser les resultats d'une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires recense les principaux facteurs qui affectent l'utilisation des constatations des evaluations nationales. Ceux-ci comprennent le contexte politique dans lequel une evaluation est menee, la nature de l'evaluation (sur la base d'un recensement ou d'un echantillon), les responsabilites de chacun vis-a -vis des resultats, et la qualite des instruments d'evaluation. Le manuel decrit le type d'informations requises dans le rapport principal d'une evaluation nationale, et d'autres moyens de communiquer les conclusions aux publics techniques et non techniques. Il enonce les principes generaux a suivre pour traduire les resultats des evaluations nationales dans le cadre de politiques et de mesures, et examine les procedures specifiques d'utilisation des donnees dans l'elaboration de politiques, la gestion de l'education, l'enseignement et la promotion de la sensibilisation du public. Les themes traites dans ce volume sont de nature a interesser les responsables des politiques, les equipes pedagogiques, les chercheurs et les professionnels du developpement
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0507-3
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  • 19
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    Infrastructures financees par des ressources naturelles : Examen d'un nouveau mode de financement des infrastructures (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806001
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (140 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Industries Extractives ; Infrastructures ; Resource-Backed Finance ; Resources for Infrastructure ; French Translation ; Petroleum Finance
    Abstract: Depuis quelques dizaines d'annees, les pays en developpement riches en ressources naturelles utilisent ces dernieres en tant que garanties pour obtenir acces a des sources de financement pour leurs investissements et contourner les obstacles qu'ils rencontrent lorsqu'ils s'efforcent d'obtenir des prets traditionnels aupres des banques ou des capitaux sur les marches financiers. Differents modeles de financement sont issus de ces efforts, parmi lesquels le modele des infrastructures financees par des ressources naturelles (IFR) qui est une variante des modeles de prets garantis par le petrole lances en Afrique par plusieurs banques occidentales. Dans le cadre d'une transaction basee sur le modele des infrastructures financees par des ressources naturelles (IFR), un pret contracte pour financer la construction immediate d'une infrastructure est garanti par la valeur actuelle nette de flux de revenus qui seront generes a l'avenir par l'extraction d'hydrocarbures ou de minerais. Le modele a ete employe dans plusieurs pays africains pour des contrats d'une valeur totale de l'ordre de 30 milliards de dollars, selon des informations publiques. Ce rapport, qui se compose d'une etude preparee par Hunton & Williams LLP, specialiste du financement de projets a l'echelle mondiale, et de commentaires formules par six economistes et decideurs de reputation internationale presente une analyse des marches d'infrastructures financees par des ressources naturelles (IFR) sous l'angle du financement de projets. Il a pour objet de provoquer une reflexion de fond et de servir de base a de nouveaux travaux de recherche sur le role du modele IFR, les risques qu'il pose et les perspectives qu'il offre, sans pour autant pretendre presenter des opinons des contrats IFR qui auraient l'aval de la Banque mondiale. Il est le fruit d'un effort motive par la conviction que, si les pays doivent continuer de solliciter des transactions IFR ou de recevoir des propositions spontanees, il incombe aux representants de l'Etat de pouvoir faire la difference entre de bonnes et de mauvaises operations, d'evaluer les compromis qui sont inevitables, et d'agir en consequence. Ce rapport vise a apporter certains eclairages qui permettront de determiner comment assujettir, dans le cadre de la politique publique, les transactions IFR au meme degre d'examen que tout autre instrument que les autorites de pays a faible revenu ou a revenu intermediaire (tranche inferieure) pourraient souhaiter utiliser pour mobiliser des financements a l'appui du developpement
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0599-8
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  • 20
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    Banque Mondiale - Rapport Annuel 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services ; Inflation ; Interest Rates ; Microfinance ; Natural Resources ; Transition Economies ; French Translation
    Abstract: Le Groupe de la Banque mondiale s'est fixe des objectifs ambitieux mais realisables sur lesquels asseoir le travail qu'il entreprend pour relever ces defis historiques. Plus precisement, l'institution fera son possible pour mettre fin a l'extreme pauvrete a l'echelle mondiale d'ici 2030 et promouvoir une prosperite partagee dans les pays en developpement, ce qui supposera favoriser la croissance des revenus pour les 40 % les plus pauvres de la population. L'institution cherchera a atteindre ces objectifs de facon viable sur le plan environnemental, social et economique afin de s'assurer que les acquis du developpement ne compromettent pas le bien-etre des generations actuelles et futures. Le present Rapport annuel couvre les activites de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement (BIRD) et de l'Association international de developpement (IDA) qui, reunies, prennent le nom de Banque mondiale. Nous vous exhortons a le lire pour en apprendre davantage sur le travail accompli par la Banque mondiale - les activites et les realisations qu'elle aide a promouvoir dans les six regions geographiques ou elle mene ses operations, ainsi que les resultats du travail consistant a aider a vaincre la pauvrete et creer des opportunites pour les populations des pays en developpement. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0577-6
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  • 21
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    Le systeme d'approvisionnement en terres dans les villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest : L'exemple de Bamako (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805356
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (130 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Africa Development Forum
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Informal Settlements ; Access To Land ; Land Administration ; Land Conflicts ; Land Delivery Channels ; Land Governance ; Land Markets ; Land Tenure Formalization ; Land Use Conversion ; Property Rights ; Urban Expansion ; French Translation
    Abstract: Les marches fonciers urbains et periurbains des villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest en expansion rapide operent dans des contextes ou coexistent des regimes fonciers differents et ou les procedures d'acces aux terrains sont complexes. Un cadre d'analyse faisant defaut jusqu'ici, ce livre propose une approche systemique et l'applique a la zone urbaine et periurbaine de Bamako et a son hinterland rural. La methode repose sur une analyse des differentes filieres d'approvisionnement en terres et identifie, depuis la mise en circulation des terres agricoles pour repondre aux besoins en terrains a usage residentiel, les changements de tenure et types de transactions qui accompagnent le passage aux terrains urbains, ainsi que les interactions entre les differentes filieres. L'analyse montre que l'approvisionnement en terre est a l'origine assuree par la filiere coutumiere, qui predomine dans les zones periurbaines, et par la filiere publique et parapublique ou l'Etat alloue des terrains a usage d'habitation aux individus ou les cede a des societes de promotion fonciere et immobilieres. Ces filieres alimentent la filiere privee formelle qui met ensuite sur le marche, a des prix eleves, des parcelles viabilisees avec titre de propriete. Les parcelles peuvent etre cedees successivement, avec un degre d'informalite qui depend de la tenure, de la legalite de la transaction et de son enregistrement. Alors que le developpement du marche formel est entrave par des facteurs structurels, le marche foncier informel offre peu de securite. Adapte aux revenus moyens et bas, le marche informel attire aussi les acheteurs aises et introduits aupres de l'administration et du pouvoir politique, et qui peuvent plus facilement obtenir une formalisation de la tenure. Prix des terrains et couts de transaction eleves, conflits fonciers, procedures de formalisation longues et complexes, et diversite des acteurs se combinent des lors pour entraver l'acces au foncier des pauvres en milieu urbain
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0534-9
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  • 22
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    Le potentiel transformateur de l'industrie miniere en Afrique : Le potentiel transformateur de l'industrie miniere : Une opportunite pour l'electrification de l'Afrique subsaharienne (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804878
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (188 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development; Directions in Development - Energy and Mining
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Energy and Mining
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Commercial ; Electrification ; French Translation ; Mining ; Power Demand ; Synergies ; Tariff ; Typology ; Utility ; Anchor Load
    Abstract: Africa needs power-power to enhance the welfare of its people and expand its economies. But Sub-Saharan Africa's power sector has the lowest generation capacity in the world. Two-thirds of the regional population remains without electricity and even those with access consume the least among the world's regions. Businesses say unreliable electricity is a major hurdle. Meanwhile, vast energy resources remain untapped. One possible solution is to leverage the mining industry's substantial need for power as an anchor for energy infrastructure development. 'The Power of the Mine: A Transformative Opportunity for Sub-Saharan Africa' is the first study to systematically analyze both the potential and the challenges of power-mining integration. The findings show that industry demand for electricity can be a game changer. Mining operations often devote a quarter or more of operating costs to electricity. This consistent, high-volume demand can spur development of national power systems, thus expanding electrification for the populace. As a result, citizens can also benefit from safe, adequate access to electricity. Countries benefit from larger exports and tax revenues, more business and job opportunities, and higher GDP. Utilities benefit from having creditworthy mining partners as a core source of revenue that attracts investment. And mines benefit from the significant cost reductions a stable power grid provides. 'The Power of the Mine' will be of interest to policymakers, researchers, and business analysts engaged in energy infrastructure development
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0486-1
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  • 23
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    International Debt Statistics 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (210 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: creditor ; data ; debt ; debtor ; developing ; development ; economic ; finance ; IDS ; statistics
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2015 (formerly Global Development Finance) provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups, along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2015 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2012 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2015 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank. Table of Contents * Indicators * PART I: Overview Introduction Debtor Reporting System Trends in Debt Stocks and Flows, 2013 Aggregate Financial Flows to Developing Countries, 2013 All Developing Countries East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Quarterly External Debt Statistics Public Sector Debt * PART II: Aggregate and Country Tables IDS ONLINE DATABASE International Debt Statistics is available free of charge as part of the World Bank's Open Data collection. To access the IDS database visit data.worldbank.org/data-catalog
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0413-7
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  • 24
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    Practical Guidance for Defining a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy : The Case of Distribution (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (148 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: benefits of smart grids ; distributed generation ; distribution network ; distribution utilities ; grid modernization ; integration of renewable energy ; planning electricity grids ; service reliability ; smart grids ; utilities performance
    Abstract: This document provides some practical guidance on how utilities can define their own smart grid vision, identify priorities, and structure investment plans. While most of these strategic aspects apply to any area of the electricity grid, the document focuses on the segment of distribution. The guidance includes key building blocks that are needed to modernize the distribution grid and provides examples of grid modernization projects. Potential benefits that can be achieved (in monetary terms) for a given investment range are also discussed. The concept of the smart grid is relevant to any grid regardless of its stage of development. What varies are the magnitude and type of the incremental steps toward modernization that will be required to achieve a specific smart grid vision. Importantly, a utility that is at a relatively low level of grid modernization may 'leap frog' one or more levels of modernization to achieve some of the benefits offered by the highest levels of grid modernization. Smart grids impact electric distribution systems significantly and sometimes more than any other part of the electric power grid. In developing countries, modernizing the distribution grid promises to benefit the operation of electric distribution utilities in many and various ways. These benefits include improved operational efficiency (reduced losses, lower energy consumption, amongst others), reduced peak demand, improved service reliability, and ability to accommodate distributed generating resources without adversely impacting overall power quality. Benefits of distribution grid modernization also include improved asset utilization (allowing operators to 'squeeze' more capacity out of existing assets) and workforce productivity improvement. These benefits can provide more than enough monetary gain for electric utility stakeholders in developing countries to offset the cost of grid modernization. Finally the report describes some funding and regulatory issues that may need to be taken into account when developing smart grid plans
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0410-6
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  • 25
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    The Little Data Book 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (246 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Currency ; Currency composition ; Debt disbursements ; Debt ratios ; Debt service ; External debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Global development finance ; Interest payments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principal repayments ; Total debt
    Abstract: The Little Data Book 2015 is a pocket edition of World Development Indicators 2015. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the World Development Indicators database, book, and mobile app. The database covers more than 1,200 indicators and spans more than 50 years. The 214 country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary tables cover regional and income group aggregates
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0550-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
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    The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (176 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: consumer price index ; debt ; development economics ; economic statistics ; exports ; financial crisis ; inflation ; national income ; real interest rate
    Abstract: The little data book on Private Sector Development 2015 is a reliable cross-country data on aspects of private sector development, crucial in planning for economic recovery and growth. In targeting increased exports and investment, many governments prioritize an improved climate for business as a basis to attract capital, create jobs, and provide basic services. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the included indicators provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the glossary, which also lists data sources
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0562-2
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  • 27
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    Parenting Education in Indonesia : Review and Recommendations to Strengthen Programs and Systems (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806216 , 9781464806223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (104 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Caregivers ; Child Outcomes ; Early Childhood Development ; Facilitators ; Parenting Education ; Parenting Practices ; Parents ; Program Content ; Program Delivery ; Vulnerable Families
    Abstract: There is a dynamic and growing energy in Indonesia focusing on parenting education, particularly for low-SES families. However, little is known about parenting styles and related outcomes, much less the coverage and effectiveness of various parenting education approaches. In 2013, the Government of Indonesia commissioned the World Bank to review existing programs and make recommendations to strengthen its parenting education system. This report synthesizes international research while providing detailed information on the seven agencies currently providing parenting education programs in Indonesia, collected from interviews, reports, and data presentations in 2013 and early 2014. Four government ministries and three non-governmental organizations currently offer programming: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Social Affairs, Family Planning Board, Plan, Save the Children, and World Vision. The report notes the commonalities in current program structures and approaches, then articulates recommendations to create a more cohesive and effective system with adequate coverage. In terms of content, authors recommend that providers choose a narrow and meaningful set of messages for respective programs, and enhance content for particularly vulnerable families, such as those with children with disabilities or dealing with chronic illness, natural disaster, conflict, and so forth. To strengthen program design and delivery, eight recommendations emerge, such as articulating measurable goals, ensuring active learning, encourage in-session practice, improving training and compensation for facilitators, and increasing the use of technology. The report includes a matrix of short-term (1-2 years) and medium-term (3-5 years) steps to build a coordinated system of parenting education that involves four areas of action: (1) create the framework; (2) develop an enabling environment; (3) conduct the research; and (4) implement and refine programming. Steps are both simultaneous and sequential and should lead to increased coverage and quality of programs within 5 years
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0621-6
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  • 28
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    Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805394 , 9781464805424
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (290 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Sundaram, Ramya Portraits of labor market exclusion
    DDC: 338.10923489
    Keywords: 2008-2011 ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Soziale Ausgrenzung ; Bulgarien ; Estland ; Griechenland ; Ungarn ; Litauen ; Rumänien ; Cluster Analysis ; Eu-Silc ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Barriers ; Latent Class Analysis ; New Member States ; Social Assistance ; Social Exclusion
    Abstract: "Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion presents ""profiles"" or ""portraits"" of individuals who have limited labor-market attachment. It is widely accepted that those with limited attachment to the labor market are a highly heterogeneous group (including, for instance, recent job losers, long-term unemployed, school leavers with no labor-market experience, those close to retirement age, or people with caring responsibilities), and that understanding their circumstances and potential barriers is an essential prerequisite for designing and implementing a tailored and effective mix of policy support and incentives. The report takes a comprehensive view, focusing on both the labor market attachment of a country's out-of-work population and the social assistance package and poverty profile of the same segment of the population. In essence, the report looks at individuals through the lenses of both poverty/welfare status and labor market indicators, and, in doing so, the portraits helps move the dialogue from a purely labor market-centric view to a broader dialogue that includes social policy as a whole. This is an important shift; for instance, social protection programs, such as family benefits and maternity benefits, and broader social policy issues such as retirement ages, often have a great impact on who remains inactive. Specifically, the report presents portraits of the out-of-work population of six countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania and Romania) in terms of distance from the labor market, human capital, and labor supply conditions, as well as demographic conditions. The analysis relies on the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) surveys for the years 2007 to 2011. Latent class analysis methodology allows multidimensional profiling of the out-of-work population, and identifies classes or groups of out-of-work individuals that are as homogeneous as possible within each class according to a set of observable characteristics, and as distant as possible between classes. Consequently, this analysis provide a much richer glimpse of the very different barriers to labor market integration that these various groups experience, considerably augmenting the limited amount of information contained in traditional descriptive statistics."
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0539-4
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  • 29
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    LAC Poverty and Labor Brief, February 2014 : Social Gains in the Balance - A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (68 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Commitment to equity ; Equity ; Fiscal policy ; Human opportunity index ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Shared prosperity
    Abstract: In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. Poverty reduction was accompanied by strong income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population, the World Bank's indicator of shared prosperity. However, the recent economic slowdown and stagnation in inequality decline suggest that future social gains may be more difficult to achieve. Given the modest prospects ahead, the region's poverty reduction strategy needs to focus on restoring growth and preserving macroeconomic stability, while reinforcing the ability of less advantaged groups to participate in and contribute to growth. This report assesses two relevant policy areas: equity of fiscal policy and equal access to basic goods and services for children that open the opportunity for them to lead lives of their choosing. Drawing on results from the Commitment to Equity project, the report shows that fiscal policy remains an underused instrument in terms of level and incidence of taxation and spending. The Human Opportunity Index underscores that opportunities are expanding for children in the region, but large gaps remain in access and quality
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0291-1
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  • 30
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    State Water Agencies in Nigeria : A Performance Assessment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (166 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. State water agencies in Nigeria
    DDC: 363.6/109669
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Wasserpolitik ; Performance-Messung ; Nigeria ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Stadt ; Staatliche Einrichtung ; Behörde ; Leistungsfähigkeit ; Institution ; Öffentliche Investition ; Politische Reform ; Autonomy ; Benchmarking ; Coverage ; Data ; Financing ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Performance ; Poverty ; Reforms ; Utilities ; Water ; Nigeria
    Abstract: Investments on the order of US
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0657-5
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  • 31
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    Highways to Success or Byways to Waste (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (214 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Africa Development Forum
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Highway to success or byways to waste
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsnetz ; Straße ; Straßenbau ; Güterverkehr ; Infrastruktur ; Erschließung ; Aufwendung ; Kosten ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Ländlicher Raum ; Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Lebensbedingungen ; Byways ; Highways ; Infrastructure ; Roads ; Success ; Waste ; Subsaharisches Afrika
    Abstract: Despite the development focus on transportation, methodologies for evaluating which road projects to fund are often dis-jointed and unreliable. This report hopes to improve upon the current approaches by establishing a new methodology for prioritization which can be applied to a diverse set of scenarios, regions, and projects. This book demonstrates how modern econometrics and geospatial techniques can be combined to analyze the latest available geo-referenced datasets at the smallest possible scale to answer some of the most important questions in development. Uniquely this report attempts to shed light on some of the most profound puzzles in determining the impacts of roads and where to locate these. Does road infrastructure unleash a virtuous growth cycle? Is it advisable to improve roads in conflict prone zones? What is the effect of improving market access on farming practices? And what are the impacts of roads on forests and biodiversity? It is envisioned that the approach used in this book can be a reference guide to researchers from across the spectrum of international development, who are seeking new tools and insights into the many issues (technical and non-technical) of this important field
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0654-4
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  • 32
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    Urban flooding of greater Dhaka in a changing climate : building local resilience to disaster risk (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464807107
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.349360954922
    Keywords: Climatic changes Bangladesh ; Dhaka ; Flood control Bangladesh ; Dhaka ; Flood damage prevention Bangladesh ; Dhaka ; Floods Bangladesh ; Dhaka ; Climatic changes ; Floods ; Flood damage prevention ; Flood control
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0710-7
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  • 33
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    International Debt Statistics 2016 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (186 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: International Debt Statistics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Creditor ; Data ; Debt ; Debtor ; Developing ; Development ; Economic ; Finance ; IDS ; Statistics
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2016 (formerly Global Development Finance) provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 125 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups, along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2016 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2014 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2020. International Debt Statistics 2016 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank. Table of Contents * Indicators * PART I: Overview Introduction: Debtor Reporting System; Trends in Debt Stocks and Flows, 2014; Aggregate Financial Flows to Developing Countries, 2014; All Developing Countries; East Asia and Pacific; Europe and Central Asia; Latin America and the Caribbean; Middle East and North Africa; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Quarterly External Debt; Statistics; Public Sector Debt * PART II: Aggregate and Country Tables IDS ONLINE DATABASE International Debt Statistics is available free of charge as part of the World Bank's Open Data collection. To access the IDS database visit data.worldbank.org/data-catalog
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0681-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
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    LAC Semiannual Report April 2015 : Latin America Treads a Narrow Path to Growth: The Slowdown and its Macroeconomic Challenges (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (73 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: LAC Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Decentralization ; Commodity prices ; Macroeconomic policies ; Savings ; Policy mix
    Abstract: The April 2015 LAC Semiannual Report covers the short-term prospects and provides an analysis of the external factors affecting the region's economic performance. The first chapter expands on LAC's economic outlook paying special attention to the global context and its effect on LAC's economic performance. In this first Chapter we argue that the region experienced an external shock that has shaped growth in recent years, and that this shock is likely here to stay. Chapter 2 discusses the policy space available for LAC countries as they try to accommodate to the current global context. In particular, the first part of the second Chapter discusses the rather limited monetary fiscal and monetary space currently present in the region. The second part of the Chapter argues part of this limited policy space is associated to LAC's relatively low savings rate. Moreover, the Chapter shows that in addition to the potential positive effects that higher savings could have on policy space, it could also have a beneficial effect on long-term growth
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0609-4
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  • 35
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    LAC Semiannual Report October 2015 : Jobs, Wages and the Latin American Slowdown (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (73 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: LAC Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Growth ; Slowdown ; Labor income inequality ; Household income inequality ; Elasticity ; Terms of trade ; Inequality ; Unemployment ; Labor force participation ; Latin America
    Abstract: As usual, Chapter 1 of the report covers the short-term prospects and provides an analysis of the external factors affecting the region's economic slowdown. The focus is on the adjustment challenges faced by those Latin American countries experiencing a major adverse terms of trade shock, which comes after an unprecedented (in magnitude and duration) period of terms of trade bonanza. Chapter 2 discusses the key topic of this semiannual report, that is, the implications of the slowdown for labor markets - on jobs and wages. We describe the broad labor market trends observed during the boom and contrast them with the patterns observed during the slowdown. We also describe the implications of the slowdown for inequality. A corollary of the observed labor market patterns during the slowdown is that some of the gains towards greater income equality achieved in the past decade or so may be reversed, at least in part, and that we may see a divergence between labor income inequality and household income inequality, whereby the latter may rise more than the former
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0732-9
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  • 36
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    The Little Data Book on Gender 2016 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805578
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (244 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Child mortality ; Family planning ; Labor force ; Sex ratio ; World population ; Economic opportunities ; Fertility ; Gender equality ; Gender gaps ; Maternal health
    Abstract: This handy pocket guide is a quick reference for users interested in gender statistics. The book presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 economies in an easy country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force, political participation and the Millennium Development Goals. The book's summary pages cover regional and income group aggregates
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0556-1
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  • 37
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    Fournir des manuels scolaires a tous les enfants d'Afrique subsaharienne : Strategies de lutte contre leur cherte et leur faible disponibilite (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806872
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (124 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: French Translation ; Education Achievement ; Dropout Rate ; Educational System ; Learning Quality ; Availabity Of Textbooks
    Abstract: Alors meme que les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne poursuivent leurs efforts pour ameliorer les acquis scolaires de leurs enfants en reformant leur systeme educatif, l'accessibilite financiere et la disponibilite des manuels continuent de poser de veritables defis. Mais, malgre l'importance du soutien technique et du financement apportes par les partenaires, dont la Banque mondiale, l'accessibilite financiere et la disponibilite des manuels restent un objectif difficile a atteindre dans la majorite des pays, tant pour les enseignants que pour les eleves. La plupart des pays africains sont confrontes a de faibles acquis scolaires et de forts taux d'abandon. Deux tiers seulement des enfants scolarises achevent leurs etudes et environ la moitie d'entre eux possedent des competences de base en calcul et en lecture. Les manuels scolaires sont generalement consideres comme un moyen indispensable et economique d'ameliorer la qualite de l'apprentissage. Fournir des manuels scolaires a tous les enfants d'Afrique subsaharienne : strategies de lutte contre leur cherte et leur faible disponibilite propose des mesures susceptibles de reduire les couts des manuels et d'augmenter leur disponibilite. Le present ouvrage examine en detail les couts et les obstacles financiers entravant la disponibilite des manuels dans les ecoles d'une grande partie de la region, ainsi que les mesures adoptees avec succes dans d'autres pays. Il fournit egalement une evaluation rigoureuse des avantages et inconvenients des materiels pedagogiques numeriques et appelle a la prudence quant a l'idee qu'ils peuvent immediatement remplacer les manuels imprimes. Concu pour susciter un debat entre responsables de l'action publique, partenaires de developpement et autres parties prenantes d'Afrique, Fournir des manuels scolaires a tous les enfants d'Afrique subsaharienne : strategies de lutte contre leur cherte et leur faible disponibilite fournit des informations et une analyse a la fois pratiques et pertinentes
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0686-5
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  • 38
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    Les jeunes non scolarises d'Afrique subsaharienne : Politiques pour le changement (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806896
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Adolescents ; Alternative Education ; Conflict ; Dropout ; Employment ; Human Development
    Abstract: Pour les 89 millions de jeunes non scolarises et descolarises (NSD), soit pres de la moitie de tous les jeunes d'Afrique subsaharienne, les perspectives economiques et sociales sont consternantes. Dans les dix prochaines annees ou cette cohorte composera l'essentiel de la population active, 40 autres millions de jeunes auront probablement quitte l'ecole pour se retrouver confrontes a un avenir incertain, sans travail et sans competences pratiques Ce rapport decortique les facteurs qui incitent les jeunes a poursuivre leur scolarite et a privilegier les etudes ou le travail. Il met en evidence six facteurs majeurs que les decideurs doivent examiner : a) la plupart des jeunes abandonnent avant le secondaire ; b) la precocite du mariage est un enorme obstacle a l'education des jeunes filles ; c) le fait de vivre en zone rurale accroit systematiquement les probabilites de ne pas etre scolarise ; d) le niveau d'education des parents et e) le nombre d'adultes qui travaillent au sein du menage sont des facteurs importants; et f) en termes d'offre, la difficulte d'acces a l'ecole et la mediocrite de l'enseignement sont des contraintes majeures
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0688-9
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  • 39
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    Reduire la pauvrete et investir dans le capital humain : Le nouveau role des filets sociaux en Afrique (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805714
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (204 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Cash Transfer ; Experience in 22 Countries ; Investing in the Poor ; Poverty Reduction in Africa ; Productive Safety Net ; Protection and Promotion
    Abstract: L'Afrique a connu une forte croissance economique au cours des 2 dernieres decennies. Cependant, les indices de pauvrete chronique restent tres eleves, alors que la frequence des chocs auxquels sont confrontes les menages pauvres s'accentue et que l'ecart entre les differents groupes de revenus s'elargit, particulierement en termes de capital humain et d'acces aux services essentiels. A travers le soutien regulier et fiable aux menages pauvres et vulnerables et l'appui a l'investissement productif, les interventions ciblees telles que les filets sociaux ont fait la preuve de leur capacite a faire reculer la pauvrete, a renverser les inegalites croissantes et a augmenter la resilience des menages. Suite a la crise economique mondiale, un nombre croissant de decideurs politiques africains en sont venus a considerer les filets sociaux comme des instruments cles de reduction de la pauvrete et de gestion des risques. L'elan vers la rationalisation de la depense publique a travers l'utilisation de methodes plus appropriees de ciblage des menages pauvres et vulnerables s'accentue. Reduire la pauvrete et investir dans le capital humain : le nouveau role des filets sociaux en Afrique examine les objectifs, les caracteristiques, la performance et le financement des filets sociaux mis en oeuvre dans 22 pays d'Afrique subsaharienne et identifie les moyens qui permettront aux differents gouvernements et partenaires techniques et financiers de renforcer les systemes de filets sociaux afin que ces derniers puissent mieux soutenir les populations pauvres et vulnerables. De facon generale, les auteurs ont constate que les filets sociaux etaient de plus en plus populaires en Afrique et que la transformation des programmes d'aide alimentaire d'urgence en filets sociaux reguliers et previsibles s'intensifiait, notamment sous forme de programmes de transferts monetaires cibles et d'interventions d'argent contre travail. Certains pays africains, principalement le Kenya, le Rwanda et la Tanzanie procedent actuellement a l'unification de leurs programmes au sein d'un systeme national. Grace a la disponibilite d'analyses actualisees des filets sociaux d'Afrique, des resultats encourageants tires des evaluations d'impact et des possibilites productives offertes par les programmes de transferts monetaires dans les pays africains, les decideurs considerent maintenant, dans leurs echeanciers de developpement, les filets sociaux comme des instruments prioritaires et efficaces de reduction de la pauvrete et de la vulnerabilite
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0570-7
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  • 40
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    Les filets sociaux en Afrique : Des methodes efficaces pour cibler les populations pauvres et vulnerables en Afrique Sub-Saharienne (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804366
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (318 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Africa Development Forum
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Safety Nets ; Social Programs ; Targeting Methods ; Poverty
    Abstract: The need for safety nets in Sub-Saharan Africa is vast. In addition to being the world's poorest region, Sub-Saharan Africa is also one of the most unequal. In this context, redistribution must be seen as a legitimate way to fight poverty and ensure shared prosperity - and all the more so in countries where growth is driven by extractive industries that are not labor-intensive and often employ very few poor people. Given that most African countries face difficult decisions about how to allocate limited resources among a number of social programs, evidence is important. Do Safety Net programs actually benefit the poorest people? This book demonstrates with empirical evidence that it is possible to reach the poorest and most vulnerable people with safety net programs, and provides lessons for the effective use of targeting methods to achieve this outcome in the region
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0564-6
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  • 41
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    Informe Anual 2015 del Banco Mundial (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services
    Abstract: El Grupo del Banco Mundial ha establecido objetivos ambiciosos pero alcanzables en torno a los cuales centrara la labor que desarrolla para superar estos desafios historicos. Especificamente, la institucion procurara poner fin a la pobreza extrema en todo el mundo para 2030 y promover la prosperidad compartida en los paises en desarrollo, lo que supondra fomentar el aumento de los ingresos del 40% mas pobre de la poblacion. Se procurara lograr estos objetivos de un modo sostenible en lo ambiental, social y economico, de modo de garantizar que los avances en el desarrollo no afecten el bienestar de las generaciones actuales y futuras. El presente informe anual se centra en las operaciones del Banco Internacional de Reconstruccion y Fomento (BIRF) y la Asociacion Internacional de Fomento (AIF), denominados colectivamente Banco Mundial. Lo invitamos a leer este informe para conocer mas sobre la labor del Banco Mundial, las actividades que desarrolla y los resultados que obtiene en las seis regiones donde trabaja, asi como sus logros en la superacion de la pobreza y la creacion de oportunidades para los habitantes de los paises en desarrollo. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0581-3
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  • 42
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    Champions Wanted : Promoting Exports in the Middle East and North Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (88 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Trade
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Comparative Advantage ; Exchange Rate ; Export Champions ; Export Growth ; Export-Promotion ; Exporter Dynamics ; Firm Size Distribution ; Firm-Level Data ; Global Value Chains ; International Economics and Trade ; Job Creation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Trade Sanctions
    Abstract: While other emerging regions have been thriving, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's aggregate export performance over the past two decades has been consistently weak. Using detailed firm-level export data from Customs administrations, Champions Wanted explains why. One central finding of the book is that the size distribution of MENA's exporting firms is suggestive of a critical weakness at the top. With the exception of the top firm, MENA's elite exporters are smaller and weaker compared to their peers in other regions. The largest exporter is alone at the top-Zidane without a team. MENA countries have failed to nurture a group of export champions, which critically contribute to export success in other regions. Part of the reason behind this weak export performance is the lack of a competitive real exchange rate. The deleterious effects of an uncompetitive currency can be traced all the way down to the firm level, hurting expansion at the intensive and extensive margins and preventing the emergence of export takeoffs. The lack of heavyweight exporters at the top of the distribution also reflects the region's failure to push for trade and business climate reforms energetically. Finally, the region's prevalent cronyism and corruption under pre-Arab Spring regimes (at least) confirms that business-government ties have led to distortionary allocation of favors and rent dissipation by beneficiary firms, with little evidence that those firms have developed into national champions or helped lift the region's export performance. The possibility of state capture in itself should call for caution when advocating any form of government intervention. In contrast, some interventions, such as export promotion programs, show some effects on smaller exporters. However, because these firms are marginal in trade, such programs cannot be game changers. More broadly, the success of MENA countries in promoting export growth and diversification, as well as generating jobs, depends heavily on their ability to create an environment where large firms can invest and expand exports and new, efficient firms can rise to the top. This book offers some policy leads on how to achieve this goal
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0460-1
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  • 43
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    Global Economic Prospects, June 2015 : The Global Economy in Transition (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804830 , 9781464804854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (194 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Capital Flows ; Commodities ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Financial Markets ; Global Economy ; Interest Rates ; Low Income Countries ; Oil Prices ; Poverty ; Trade ; US Economy
    Abstract: Global growth is expected to be 2.8 percent in 2015, but is expected to pick up to 3.2 percent in 2016-17. Growth in developing countries and some high-income countries is set to disappoint again this year. The prospect of rising borrowing costs will compound the challenges many developing countries are facing as they adapt to an era of low commodity prices. Risks to this outlook remain tilted to the downside. This edition of Global Economic Prospects includes two Special Features that analyze the policy challenges raised by the two transitions in developing countries: the risks associated with the first U.S. central bank interest rate increase since 2006 and the implications of persistently low commodity prices for low-income countries. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by developing countries while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0483-0
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  • 44
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    The Little Green Data Book 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805608 , 9781464805615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (248 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Census ; Developing Countries ; Energy Use ; Food Production ; Forest Cover ; Household Surveys ; Millennium Development Goals ; Pollution
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book 2015 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. For the third year, The Little Green Data Book presents a new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0560-8
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  • 45
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    Deliberation and development : rethinking the role of voice and collective action in unequal societies (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805011
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Deliberation and development
    DDC: 808.53
    RVK:
    MD 6500
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Kollektives Handeln ; Demokratie ; Öffentliche Meinung ; Entwicklung ; Politische Partizipation ; Entwicklungsländer ; Debates and debating ; Discussion ; Kollektives Handeln ; Deliberative Demokratie ; Öffentlichkeit
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0501-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 46
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    Global Monitoring Report 2015/2016 : Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (304 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Demographic dividend ; Demographic transition ; Demographic trends ; Economic growth ; Economic prospects ; Extreme poverty ; Global poverty ; Income growth ; International migration ; Millennium development goals ; Multidimensional poverty ; Population growth ; Purchasing power parity ; Shared prosperity ; Sustainable development goals
    Abstract: The Global Monitoring Report 2015/2016: Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change details the progress toward the global development goals and examines the impact of demographic change on achieving these goals. Part I examines global development progress, the unfinished development agenda, and the policy opportunities ahead. The report assesses progress toward ending extreme poverty by 2030 and in promoting shared prosperity, and it outlines the measures necessary to scale up impact over the horizon of the Sustainable Development Goals. The report unveils the new poverty line of
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0669-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
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    Learning in the Face of Adversity : The UNRWA Education Program for Palestine Refugees (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464807077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (92 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Accountability ; Community ; Fragility ; Pedagogy ; Refugees ; Resilience ; SABER ; Systems Approach for Better Education Results ; Teachers ; UNRWA
    Abstract: The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operates one of the largest nongovernmental school systems in the Middle East. Palestine refugees in UNRWA schools are achieving higher-than-average learning outcomes in spite of the adverse circumstances they live under. This study uses a mixed methods research approach to address the complexity of the research question and its exploratory nature, namely, How do UNRWA schools continually and consistently outperform public schools? This study used the following data collection techniques: econometric techniques to analyze learning achievement data from international and national assessments; the Systems Approach for Better Education Results tools were used to assess different system components, such as teacher effectiveness, school autonomy, and student assessments; Stallings classroom observations provided a structured method to compare teachers' and students' interactions; qualitative data collected through interviews captured the lived experiences of a sample of students. Contrary to what might be expected from a resource-constrained administration serving refugee students who continually face a multitude of adversities, UNRWA students outperform public schools in the three regions-- West Bank and Gaza and Jordan-- by a year's worth of learning. The achievement is a result of the way these schools recruit, prepare, and support teachers; because of instructional practices and pedagogy in the classroom; and because of school leadership, accountability, and mutual support. This has created a distinguished learning community centered on the student. Of note: UNRWA selects, prepares, and supports its education staff to pursue high learning outcomes. Time-on-task is high in UNRWA schools, and is used more effectively than in public schools
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0706-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
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    Building Landmarks, Smoothing Out Markets : An Enhanced Competition Framework in Romania (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Antitrust ; Competition council ; Competition policy ; Market regulation ; Sector regulation ; State aid ; Unfair competition
    Abstract: Romania identified competition as key to its effective economic development and is positioning the Competition Council to become more visible and effective. Improving Romania's competitive environment will attract new firms, weed out inefficient ones, and enhance growth potential. An effective competition policy leads to success in the areas of Romania's domestic market efficiency, economic growth and European market integration. Following a comprehensive functional review of the Romanian Competition Council carried out by the World Bank in 2010, weaknesses, needs and priorities were identified. This book presents the results of the World Bank's Advisory Services which were designed to provide solutions in the identified reform areas during 2012-2015. The Advisory Services provided an innovative delivery model that involved integrated expertise to (i) review the legal and regulatory framework for competition; (ii) offer advocacy support to streamline competition policy principles with other governmental policies and strengthen intergovernmental relations, especially with sectoral regulators (electricity and telecommunication) and the prosecutor's office; (iii) state-of-the-art capacity building to strengthen the Council's staff's technical knowledge; and (iv) optimize internal procedures to allow for improvements in institutional functioning using Enterprise Architecture methodology, which provided an in-depth institutional assessment and the development of a target business and information technology architecture. The Competition Council has started to apply some of the upgraded regulatory instruments. These, combined with the analytical skills in antitrust law and economics acquired with the World Bank support, have been already applied in recent antitrust cases, market inquiries meant to identify competition constraints in sectors that have great importance for consumers and infrastructure projects with state aid elements
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0620-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
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    Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor October 2015 : Inequality, Uprisings, and Conflict in the Arab World (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Abstract: The economic outlook for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2015 is slightly more favorable than in 2013-14, when the region as a whole grew at 3 percent a year. The World Bank group's latest MENA Economic Monitor projects MENA's economic growth to average 5.2 percent in 2015 driven by domestic consumption, easing political tensions crowding-in investments in Egypt and Tunisia, and full resumption of oil production in Libya. However the violent conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Gaza, Yemen and Libya with their spillovers to Lebanon and Jordan could make MENA's economic prospects bleak. The report has a special focus on the corrosive nature of the large energy subsidies in MENA. The MENA region is currently experiencing growth below potential, high unemployment, urban air pollution and congestion, and severe water scarcity that is undermining agriculture. The report shows how energy subsidies have contributed to these development challenges. Reforming these subsidies, therefore, should be one of the highest priorities of policymakers
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0735-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 50
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    Manual de pago por desempeno (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801297
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (386 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Spanish translation ; Health reforms ; Implementation ; LMIC ; Lower- and middle income countries
    Abstract: Los enfoques de Pago por Desempeno (PPD) se han expandido con rapidez en los paises de ingresos bajos y medios en todo el mundo. El numero de paises ha crecido de 3 en 2006 a 32 en 2013. Los esquemas de PPD estan floreciendo y crean una demanda considerable de asistencia tecnica a fin de ejecutar estas reformas sanitarias en una forma racional y responsable. Tres pioneros internacionales del PPD se han unido para dar una respuesta a esta demanda internacional. Ellos son: Gyorgy Fritsche, MD, MSc (Banco Mundial, Washington); Robert Soeters, MD, PhD (SINA Health, La Haya); y Bruno Meessen, MA, PhD (Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Amberes). Su trabajo vuelca sus 40 anos de experiencia total en el diseno e implementacion de esquemas de PPD en un manual de PPD de vanguardia, dirigido a implementadores y hacedores de politicas. Se unio al equipo Godelieve van Heteren (MD; Erasmus University Rotterdam Global Health Initiative (RGHI)), quien realizo la co-edicion a fin de darle al manual consistencia, contenido y formato. Cedric Ndizeye, MD, MPH (MSH, Ruanda), redacto las partes principales del capitulo sobre desarrollo de competencias, y Caryn Bredenkamp, PhD (Banco Mundial, Washington) contribuyo con el capitulo 5 sobre equidad. Actualmente, existe poco conocimiento entre muchos de los que ejecutan reformas sanitarias sobre como implementar proyectos piloto de pago por desempeno y como ampliarlos a nivel nacional en forma inteligente. En un contexto de gran demanda de un diseno solido y experiencia en la implementacion, y dada la rapida expansion de los programas de Financiacion Basada en Resultados, existe una necesidad urgente de desarrollar competencias para el diseno e implementacion de programas de FBR. Hasta el momento, ha habido poco interes en combinar las ensenanzas de esas experiencias en un solo volumen y, mas aun, en un formato que sirva como guia a los implementadores. Este manual es una respuesta a las preguntas mas urgentes sobre programas de FBR del lado de la oferta, del cual el PPD es parte. Este manual estara disponible en una version on-line, que sera actualizada en forma regular, y una version impresa en 3 idiomas (ingles, frances y espanol)
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0547-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 51
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    Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires, Volume 2 : Mettre au point les tests et questionnaires pour une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805141
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (198 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: National Assessments of Educational Achievement
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Questionnaires ; Test Data and Questionnaires ; Student Performance ; Education System ; National Assessment ; Assessment Evaluation
    Abstract: Mettre au point les tests et questionnaires pour une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires' est le deuxieme volume de cette serie destinee a renforcer les capacites afin de realiser des evaluations techniquement adequates des niveaux nationaux des acquis des eleves. Cet ouvrage presente aux lecteurs les activites impliquees dans l'elaboration des tests de performance, notamment la conception d'un cadre d'evaluation la redaction des items a choix multiple et a reponse construite le pre-test la production de carnets de tests et la notation manuelle des items. Une section consacree a l'elaboration des questionnaires explique comment mettre au point les questionnaires rediger les questions coder les reponses et relier les questionnaires aux tests. La derniere section traite de l'elaboration du manuel d'administration de test du recrutement des administrateurs de tests et de la prise de contact avec les etablissements echantillonnes. Le CD d'accompagnement contient des exemples d'items extraits de tests nationaux et internationaux des exemples de questionnaires et des manuels administratifs. Cet ouvrage constitue une ressource utile pour les personnes concernees par l'evaluation de l'education en particulier pour les professionnels participant aux evaluations nationales des acquis des eleves
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0511-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
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    Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires, Volume 4 : Analyser les donnees issues d'une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805158
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (308 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: National Assessments of Educational Achievement
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Questionnaires ; Evaluation Framework ; Student Performance ; Educational Management ; Student Achievements ; Assessment Framework
    Abstract: Une evaluation efficace de la performance des systemes educatifs est un element cle de l'elaboration des politiques visant a optimiser le developpement du capital humain dans le monde. Les cinq volumes de la serie Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires introduisent des concepts cles des evaluations nationales des niveaux de performance des eleves, depuis les questions de politiques a traiter pendant la conception et la realisation des evaluations jusqu'a la mise au point des tests, l'echantillonnage, le nettoyage des donnees, les statistiques, la redaction des rapports et l'utilisation des resultats pour ameliorer la qualite de l'education. Analyser les donnees issues d'une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires est le quatrieme des cinq volumes de la serie Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires. Les autres volumes ont decrit les procedures d'une evaluation jusqu'au stade ou les donnees ont ete preparees pour l'analyse statistique, le sujet de ce volume. Les analyses precises effectuees dependent des besoins en information des responsables des politiques et des gestionnaires de l'education. Dans la plupart des evaluations nationales, ces besoins ont trait a la qualite des acquis des eleves, aux facteurs lies a l'apprentissage, aux questions d'equite, et dans certains cas, a l'evolution du rendement de l'education au fil du temps. Le volume 4, qui comprend deux parties, detaille etape par etape la maniere d'analyser les donnees collectees lors d'une evaluation nationale. La partie I offre une presentation generale des analyses statistiques generalement effectuees dans les evaluations a grande echelle, pour mesurer la tendance centrale et la dispersion des scores des eleves ainsi que les relations entre les variables. La partie II decrit le logiciel IATA (Item and Test Analysis), qui utilise la theorie classique des tests et celle de la reponse a l'item pour determiner des echelles pour les scores des eleves. Les etapes de l'analyse des donnees issues de l'administration des tests pilote et final sont decrites en detail. Un CD d'accompagnement contient des exercices specialement concus et les fichiers de donnees correspondants pour les deux parties du volume. Cet ouvrage sera d'un interet certain pour les specialistes de l'evaluation appartenant aux pouvoirs publics nationaux, regionaux et locaux ainsi que pour les institutions de recherche et les universites
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0508-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
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    Finanzas municipales : Manual para los gobiernos locales (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806957
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (520 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Asset Management ; Spanish Translation ; Capital Improvement Planning ; Debt Management ; Expenditure Management
    Abstract: Desde Detroit hasta Lahore, la mayoria de las ciudades del mundo enfrentan problemas financieros, y aun asi se espera que lleven a cabo sus funciones cada vez mas complejas. Finanzas municipales - Manual para los gobiernos locales toma partido. Se pone del lado de los alcaldes y de los responsables de los asuntos municipales. Son escasas las publicaciones sobre este tema dirigidas tan directa y pragmaticamente a las autoridades decisorias y al personal financiero a nivel local. El contenido y los mensajes principales procuran responder a las inquietudes y a las cuestiones que enfrentan diariamente las ciudades y los municipios en la administracion de sus finanzas. Finanzas municipales - Manual para los gobiernos locales asume una posicion. En ocho capitulos, en esta obra se pasa revista a las lecciones aprendidas sobre relaciones intergubernamentales; finanzas de las areas metropolitanas; gestion financiera, de los ingresos, de los gastos y de los activos publicos; financiamiento externo, y medicion del desempeno de las finanzas municipales. Abarca temas tales como la descentralizacion, la transparencia y la rendicion de cuentas, y aborda temas menos explorados como la gestion de activos, la capacidad crediticia, la respuesta frente a crisis financieras y los mecanismos de presentacion de informes a los diversos niveles de gobierno y a la ciudadania. Finanzas municipales - Manual para los gobiernos locales hace un llamado a la accion. No solo aporta conocimientos de avanzada en muchas cuestiones tecnicas, sino que tambien guia a los gobiernos locales en el laberinto de los instrumentos existentes. En particular, la autoevaluacion de las finanzas municipales que se propone en el capitulo 8 deberia ayudar a los municipios a evaluar su propia situacion y a avanzar en la senda de las reformas
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0691-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
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    World Development Indicators 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (164 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; GDP ; Gender ; GNI ; Growth ; Income classification ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Malnutrition ; MDGs ; Population ; Poverty ; Trade
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2015 provides a compilation of relevant, highquality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor progress toward the World Bank Group's two goals of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Six themes are used to organize indicators-world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World Development Indicators reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. WDI 2015 includes: * A selection of the most popular indicators across 214 economies and 14 country groups organized into six WDI themes * Thematic and regional highlights, providing an overview of global development trends * An in-depth review of the progress made toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals * A user guide describing resources available online and on mobile apps A complementary online data analysis tool is available this year to allow readers to further investigate global, regional, and country progress on the MDGs: data.worldbank.org/mdgs. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology. WDI DataFinder Mobile App Download the WDI DataFinder Mobile App and other Data Apps at data.worldbank.org/apps. WDI DataFinder is a mobile app for browsing the current WDI database on smartphones and tablets, using iOS, Android, and Blackberry, available in four languages: English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. Use the app to: * browse data using the structure of the WDI * visually compare countries and indicators * create, edit, and save customized tables, charts, and maps * share what you create on Twitter, Facebook, and via email
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0440-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
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    Latin America and the Rising South : Changing World, Changing Priorities (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (248 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Latin America and Caribbean Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Latin America and the rising South
    DDC: 332.098
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftslage ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Weltwirtschaft ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Süden ; Emerging Market ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Außenhandel ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Investition ; domestic savings ; FDI ; Financial integration ; Foreign direct investment ; Global financial network ; Global trade network ; Global value chains ; Globalization ; International Economics and Trade ; Labor market dynamics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Real exchange rate dynamics ; Rise of the south ; Trade Integration ; Trade structure ; Erde ; Lateinamerika
    Abstract: The world economy is not what it used to be twenty years ago. For most of the 20th century, the world economy was characterized by developed (North) countries acting as 'center' to a 'periphery' of developing (South) countries. However, the recent rise of developing economies suggests the need to go beyond this North-South dichotomy. This tectonic re-configuration of the global landscape has brought about significant changes to countries in the Latin America and Caribean (LAC) region. The time is ripe for an in-depth analysis of the dynamics and nature of LAC's external connections.This latest volume in the World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies series will focus on the implications of these trends for the economic development of LAC countries. In particular, trade, financial, macroeconomic, and sectoral shifts, as well as labor-market aspects will be systematically analyzed
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0355-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 56
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    A situational analysis of the health workforce sub-system in six Latin American and Caribbean countries : Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805943
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource(p.)) , cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.76161069
    Keywords: Health Manpower ; Caribbean Region ; Health Manpower ; Peru ; Health Manpower ; Uruguay ; Health Care Sector ; economics ; Caribbean Region ; Health Care Sector ; economics ; Peru ; Health Care Sector ; economics ; Uruguay ; Health Care Sector economics ; Health Care Sector economics ; Health Care Sector economics ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower
    Abstract: The global health workplace -- Health sector overview in the six focus countries -- Financing of the health workforce -- Organization of the health workforce -- Management of the health workforce -- Regulation of the health workforce -- Performance of the health workforce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0594-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 57
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    Africa's Pulse Spring 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (49 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Economies ; GDP ; Growth ; Macroeconomic Analysis
    Abstract: Africa's Pulse is a biannual publication containing an analysis of the near-term macro-economic outlook for the region. It also includes a section focusing on a topic that represents a particular development challenges for the continent. It is produced by the Office of the Chief Economist for the Africa Region.This issue is an analysis of issues shaping Africa's economic future. Growth remains stable in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries are seeing a slowdown, but the region's economic prospects remain broadly favorable. External risks of higher global financial market volatility and lower growth in emerging market economies weigh on the downside. In several Sub-Saharan African countries, large budgetary imbalances are a source of vulnerability to exogenous shocks and underscore the need for rebuilding fiscal buffers in these countries. The Ebola outbreak is exacting a heavy human and economic toll on affected countries and, if not rapidly contained, the risk of wider contagion grows. Without a scale-up of effective interventions, growth would slow markedly not only in the core countries (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), but also in the sub region as transportation, cross-border trade, and supply chains are severely disrupted. In Sub-Saharan Africa, growth in agriculture and services is more effective at reducing poverty than growth in industry. Structural transformation has a role to play in accelerating poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Increasing agricultural productivity will be critical to fostering structural transformation. Boosting rural income diversification can facilitate this transformation, as well. Investments in rural public goods and services (for example, education, health, rural roads, electricity and ICT), including in small towns, will be conducive to lifting productivity in the rural economy. Although Sub-Saharan Africa's pattern of growth has largely bypassed manufacturing, growing the region's manufacturing base, especially by improving its fundamentals, lower transport cost, cheaper and more reliable power, and a more educated labor force, will benefit all sectors
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0615-5
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  • 58
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    Labor Market Dynamics in Libya : Reintegration for Recovery (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805660 , 9781464805677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (100 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Labor market dynamics in Libya
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Libyen ; Conflict ; Employment ; Fragility ; Jobs ; Labor ; Private Sector Development ; Security ; Skills ; Social Protection
    Abstract: Since the 2011 uprising that toppled the former regime, Libya has been mired in deep political strife. An economy in which agriculture once flourished was converted wholesale to an oil-based rentier state of the most extreme kind. Following the immediate post-revolution oil-consumption boom, in 2014 Libya's economy is in recession. Security is the greatest challenge to stability (World Bank 2014). Today, limited opportunities exist for reintegrating youth and ex-combatants into the labor market. This policy note provides an initial assessment of Libya's labor market and discusses policy options for promoting employability as part of a broader jobs strategy. It is intended as a contribution to evidence on Libya's labor market for the benefit of policy makers, civil society and the broader international community. The report finds that the overall unemployment rate in Libya increased from 13.5 percent in 2010 prior to the uprising to 19 percent as of 2012, having changed little since then. Youth unemployment stands at approximately 48 percent and female unemployment 25 percent. The vast majority (85 percent) of Libya's active labor force is employed in the public sector, a high rate even by regional standards. The rate for women is even higher (93 percent). Employment in industry (largely the oil sector) and agriculture accounts for only 10 percent of the labor force. While nearly all public sector workers are covered by some form of social insurance, only 46 percent of private sector workers are enrolled - a striking difference. The report further discusses the implications of Libyan jobseeker profiles. Thirty percent of firms have reported difficulty in recruiting qualified Libyan nationals. Only 15-30 percent of Libya's labor force is relatively skilled and likely could be hired readily if given access to basic job training and job search assistance. For the remainder of the unemployed work force, targeted interventions would need to be designed for advanced skills development, vocational training, reconversion, and apprenticeship and entrepreneurship programs. The report discusses options for shifting Libya from a rentier state to a diversified, productive economy through economic and technical partnerships to help accelerate creating economic opportunities and jobs
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0566-0
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  • 59
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    Trust, Voice, and Incentives : Learning from Local Success Stories in Service Delivery in the Middle East and North Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804564 , 9781464804571
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (338 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Accountability ; Citizen Engagement ; Civil Service ; Human Resources ; Incentives ; Political Economy ; Public Institutions ; Public Service Delivery ; Public Service Quality ; Social Contract ; Trust ; Voice
    Abstract: This report examines the role of incentives, trust, and engagement as critical determinants of service delivery performance in MENA countries. Focusing on education and health, the report illustrates how the weak external and internal accountability undermines policy implementation and service delivery performance and how such a cycle of poor performance can be counteracted. Case studies of local success reveal the importance of both formal and informal accountability relationships and the role of local leadership in inspiring and institutionalizing incentives toward better service delivery performance. Enhancing services for MENA citizens requires forging a stronger social contract among public servants, citizens, and service providers while empowering communities and local leaders to find 'best fit' solutions. Learning from the variations within countries, especially the outstanding local successes, can serve as a solid basis for new ideas and inspiration for improving service delivery. Such learning may help the World Bank Group and other donors as well as national and local leaders and civil society, in developing ways to enhance the trust, voice, and incentives for service delivery to meet citizens' needs and expectations
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0456-4
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  • 60
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    Belarus Heat Tariff Reform and Social Impact Mitigation (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (88 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Communication strategy ; Distributional impact ; District heating ; Energy efficiency ; Energy subsidies ; Industry competitiveness ; Social protection ; Tariff reform
    Abstract: The Government of the Republic of Belarus (GoB) plans to increase district heating tariffs to cost-recovery levels and gradually phase out subsidies, replacing them with social assistance programs. Residential DH tariffs in Belarus are currently at roughly 10-21 percent of cost-recovery levels. DH subsidies are highly regressive, add costs to business, and create significant fiscal risks and macroeconomic vulnerabilities. The study analyzes the social, sectoral, and fiscal impacts of the proposed tariff reform, and identifies and recommends measures to mitigate adverse impacts of district heating tariff increases on the households. The analysis shows that a negative social impact is manageable if a tariff increase is accompanied by countervailing measures to compensate for the loss of purchasing power, in particular of the poor, through targeted social assistance and energy efficiency programs. The reform is more likely to be successful if communication campaigns to address consumer concerns are carried out before significant price increases, and consumer engagement and monitoring systems are established. When tariff reform and mitigation measures are properly sequenced and coordinated, the reform will become more socially acceptable, consumers will benefit from better quality of services, the government will achieve positive fiscal savings, and the DH sector will become sustainable in the long term. The study analyzes the social, sectoral, and fiscal impacts of the proposed district heating tariff reform in Belarus, and identifies and recommends measures to mitigate adverse impacts of district heating tariff increases on the households
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0696-4
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  • 61
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    Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa's Infrastructure : The Power and Water Sectors (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (216 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Enhancing the climate resilience of Africa's infrastructure
    Keywords: Klimaänderung ; Erwärmung ; Klimaschutz ; Umweltschaden ; Auswirkung ; Wirkung ; Infrastruktur ; Erschließung ; Energieversorgung ; Wasserkraft ; Elektrische Energie ; Bewässerung ; Climate change ; Hydroelectric power generation ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Irrigation ; River basins ; Water infrastructure ; Water storage capacity ; Subsaharisches Afrika
    Abstract: To sustain Africa's growth, and accelerate the eradication of extreme poverty, investment in infrastructure is fundamental. In 2010, the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic found that to enable Africa to fill its infrastructure gap, some US
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0466-3
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  • 62
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    The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2015/2016 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (230 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Currency ; Currency composition ; Debt disbursements ; Debt ratios ; Debt service ; External debt ; Global development finance ; Interest payments ; Principal repayments ; Total debt
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2015/2016 is a pocket edition of the Global Financial Development Database, published as part of the work on the Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016: Long-Term Finance. It contains 39 indicators of financial development in 202 economies, including measures of (1) financial depth, (2) access, (3) efficiency, and (4) stability of financial institutions and markets. Additional variables, historical observations, and links to underlying research are available at www.worldbank.org/financialdevelopment
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0554-7
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  • 63
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    The Economics of Health Professional Education and Careers : Insights from a Literature Review (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (88 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Health care markets ; Health labor markets ; Health professionals education ; Human resources for health ; Rates of return to education ; Social returns of medical education ; Universal health coverage
    Abstract: The formation of health professionals is critical for the health system to function and to achieve its universal health coverage (UHC) goals, and this is well recognized by the majority of governments that plan to ensure enough training places and aim to regulate in order to ensure quality. But the importance of market forces is often overlooked, resulting in interventions and regulations that often fail to achieve their intended effects. This publication aims to inform the design of health professionals' education policies to better manage health labor market forces toward UHC. It documents what is known about the influence of market forces on the health-professional formation process. The report sought to answer the following questions:- What have been the large global and regional trends in the development of health professions? - How have these trends affected the career decisions of current and potential health professionals? - What is the evidence base on the value and effectiveness of health professional education of different types? - How has the market for health professional education evolved, and with what interrelationships with the health labor and health care markets? The contexts of the market for health professional training have been subject to important changes in recent decades, in particular: the growing extent of employment of mid-level cadres of health professionals; changes in technology and the associated growth of high skilled occupations; the increasing interconnectedness of national health systems through globalization, with its implications for international health professional mobility; and the greater complexity of the public-private mix in employment options. There is a need to ensure that market forces align with the intentions of planning and regulation and the needs of UHC goals. This publication provides recommendations to support the design of policies that help to achieve these
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0616-2
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  • 64
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    The World Bank Annual Report 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services ; Inflation ; Interest Rates ; Microfinance ; Natural Resources ; Transition Economies
    Abstract: The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0574-5
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  • 65
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    The Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (244 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Access to information ; Broadband connections ; Broadband service ; Communications technology ; Information and communications technology (ICT) ; Innovation ; Key indicators ; Mobile communications ; National data
    Abstract: This Little Data Book on Information and Communications Technology 2015 presents tables for over 213 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0558-5
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  • 66
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    Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor April 2015 : Towards a New Social Contract (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Abstract: The economic outlook for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2015 is slightly more favorable than in 2013-14, when the region as a whole grew at 3 percent a year. The World Bank group's latest MENA Economic Monitor projects MENA's economic growth to average 5.2 percent in 2015 driven by domestic consumption, easing political tensions crowding-in investments in Egypt and Tunisia, and full resumption of oil production in Libya. However the violent conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Gaza, Yemen and Libya with their spillovers to Lebanon and Jordan could make MENA's economic prospects bleak. The report has a special focus on the corrosive nature of the large energy subsidies in MENA. The MENA region is currently experiencing growth below potential, high unemployment, urban air pollution and congestion, and severe water scarcity that is undermining agriculture. The report shows how energy subsidies have contributed to these development challenges. Reforming these subsidies, therefore, should be one of the highest priorities of policymakers
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0608-7
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  • 67
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    Middle East and North Africa Quarterly Economic Brief, January 2015 : Plunging Oil Prices (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Arab spring ; MENA ; Development economics ; Economic growth ; Economic policy ; Oil exporters ; Investment ; Volatility ; Poverty ; Transition countries ; Growth ; Arab transition countries ; Oil importers ; Oil prices
    Abstract: In the three months since most observers, including the World Bank, issued their last forecasts, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has changed substantially. Political tensions have eased somewhat with presidential and legislative elections completed in a few countries. Egypt's cabinet approved the electoral constituencies' law, the last step before calling for the House of Representatives elections, the final milestone in the political roadmap initiated in July 2013. Presidential elections were held in Tunisia, with Beji Caid Essebsi sworn in as the new president in December. Iran's nuclear talks with the P5+1 were extended for 6 months--while bilateral talks continue-with the aim of reaching a deal in July 2015. In Iraq, the government and the Kurdish region reached an agreement in December resolving a longstanding dispute over the budget and distribution of oil revenues. Meanwhile, Lebanon, Yemen and Libya still struggle to maintain a functional government. The global economy is estimated to have expanded by 2.6 percent (q/q annualized rate), better than the second quarter of 2014, but unchanged from the slow pace seen in 2012 and 2013. But the most important development is that international oil prices have literally collapsed, reaching a level below
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0538-7
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  • 68
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    Knowledge-based country programs : an evaluation of World Bank group experience (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802232
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.91091724
    Keywords: World Bank ; Economic assistance Developing countries ; Knowledge management Development countries ; Economic assistance ; Knowledge management
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0223-2
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  • 69
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    Evaluations nationales des acquis scolaires, Volume 3 : Mettre en oeuvre une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805103
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (304 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: National Assessments of Educational Achievement
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Assessment Framework ; Education Outcomes ; Student Achievement ; Test Data ; Questionnaires ; National Assessment
    Abstract: La mise en oeuvre reussie d'une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires est une tache complexe requerant des connaissances, des competences, et des ressources considerables. Les retombees des evaluations nationales correctement realisees peuvent etre substantielles en termes de qualite de l'information fournie sur les niveaux de performance des eleves ainsi que sur les facteurs, scolaires ou non, susceptibles de contribuer a les ameliorer. Inversement, le cout d'une evaluation nationale mal realisee peut etre une information inexacte sur les niveaux de performance des eleves et les facteurs associes. Une mise en cuvre de qualite peut accroitre la confiance des responsables des politiques et des autres parties prenantes dans la validite des constatations de l'evaluation. Elle peut egalement augmenter la probabilite d'utilisation des resultats de l'evaluation nationale pour mettre au point de solides plans et programmes en vue d'ameliorer la qualite de l'enseignement et le rendement de l'apprentissage des eleves. Troisieme volume d'une serie de cinq, Mettre en cuvre une evaluation nationale des acquis scolaires, se concentre sur les taches pratiques requises par la mise en oeuvre d'une evaluation nationale a grande echelle. Ce manuel fournit des instructions detaillees etape par etape sur la logistique, l'echantillonnage, la preparation et la gestion des donnees, ainsi que l'analyse. Les lecteurs sont guides a travers les differentes etapes de l'echantillonnage en travaillant sur un ensemble de taches concretes presentees dans le texte et en utilisant les fichiers de donnees fournis dans le CD d'accompagnement. Ce volume est principalement destine aux equipes chargees de conduire une evaluation nationale dans des pays en developpement et emergents
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0509-7
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  • 70
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    Une couverture sanitaire universelle pour un developpement durable inclusif : Une synthese de 11 etudes de cas pays (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805936
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (86 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Community Health Worker ; Developing Countries ; Health Financing ; Health Human Resources ; Health Insurance ; Health Worker Distribution
    Abstract: La CSU a pour objectifs de s'assurer que tous peuvent avoir acces a des services de sante de qualite, de preserver l'ensemble des individus contre les risques a la sante publique et de proteger toutes les personnes contre l'appauvrissement attribuable a la maladie. Des pays aussi divers que le Bresil, la France, le Japon, la Thailande et la Turquie ont reussi a mettre en cuvre la CSU et illustrent comment ces programmes peuvent a la fois agir en tant que dispositifs essentiels d'amelioration de la sante et du bien-etre de leurs citoyens et mettre en place les fondations d'une croissance economique basee sur des principes d'equite et de durabilite. L'assurance d'un acces universel a des services de sante abordables et de qualite contribuera de facon importante a l'eradication de la pauvrete extreme en 2030 et a la stimulation d'une prosperite partagee dans les pays a revenu faible et intermediaire, ou vit la majorite de la population pauvre mondiale. 'La couverture sanitaire universelle pour un developpement durable inclusif' synthetise les experiences de 11 pays Bangladesh, Bresil, Ethiopie, France, Ghana, Indonesie, Japon, Perou, Thailande, Turquie et Vietnam dans la mise en cuvre de politiques et de strategies d'atteinte et de maintien de la CSU. Tous ces pays se sont engages envers l'atteinte de la CSU, consideree comme une aspiration nationale cle, mais ont adopte a cet effet des approches distinctes. L'ouvrage examine les politiques de CSU de chaque pays a partir de 3 themes communs : (1) l'economie politique et le processus politique d'adoption, d'atteinte et de maintien de la CSU; (2) les politiques financieres d'amelioration de la couverture sanitaire; et (3) les ressources humaines en sante au service des politiques d'atteinte de la CSU. Les constats tires de ces etudes pays sont une source d'enseignements auxquels peuvent faire reference les pays qui aspirent a l'adoption, a l'atteinte et au maintien de la CSU. Meme si la voie vers la CSU reste specifique a chaque pays, tous peuvent profiter des experiences des autres en apprenant des differentes approches et en evitant les risques potentiels
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0592-9
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  • 71
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    Discrimination as a Coordination Device : Markets and the Emergence of Identity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Basu, Kaushik Discrimination as a Coordination Device: Markets and the Emergence of Identity
    Abstract: The paper develops a new theory of group discrimination in which the discrimination in favor or against certain groups is simply a coordination device. It is built on the axiom that a person who gets to perform many tasks is more effective in carrying out each task, which implies increasing returns to productivity in doing the same task or strategic complementarity between doing different tasks. The theory helps us understand discrimination in free markets and the .finding of some empirical studies that show that people discriminate in job markets against certain groups even when all other traits are held constant. The model gives insight into the relation between group size, discrimination, and productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7490
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  • 72
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    Tracking Wage Inequality Trends with Prices and Different Trade Models : Evidence from Mexico (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Halliday, Timothy Tracking Wage Inequality Trends with Prices and Different Trade Models: Evidence from Mexico
    Abstract: Mexican wage inequality rose following Mexicos accession to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization in 1986. Since the mid-1990s, however, wage inequality has been falling. Since most trade models suggest that output prices can affect factor prices, this paper explores the relationship between output prices and wage inequality. The rise of inequality can be explained by the evolution of the relative price of skill-intensive goods relative to unskilled-intensive goods, but these prices flattened by 1999 and thus cannot explain the subsequent decline in wage inequality. An alternative trade model with firm heterogeneity driven by variations in the relative price of tradable relative to non-tradable goods can explain the decline in wage inequality. The paper compares this model's predictions with Mexican inequality statistics using data on output prices, census data, and quarterly household survey data. In spite of the models simplicity, the model's predictions match Mexican variables reasonably well during the years when wage inequality fell
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7471
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  • 73
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    Socioeconomic and Fiscal Impact of Large-Scale Gold Mining in Mali (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sanoh, Aly Socioeconomic and Fiscal Impact of Large-Scale Gold Mining in Mali
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the socioeconomic, fiscal, and governance impact of gold mining in Mali. The analysis finds that, at the national level, mining plays an important role by contributing to export earnings and overall government fiscal revenue. In 2013, the mining sector represented 7 percent of gross domestic product, contributed 1.5 percent to growth in total gross domestic product, and accounted for 65 percent of total export earnings and 25 percent of total government budget revenues. At the local level, despite higher population growth, there is some evidence that outcomes (poverty and infrastructure services) are marginally better in mining communes compared with non-mining communes. Local governments receive fiscal windfalls that are spent significantly on education capital expenditures and current expenditures (salaries and non-salaries). Non-salary current expenditures are 10 times higher in mining areas. Analysis of the political economy of public service provision at the local level suggests that technical or absorptive capacities may be the bottleneck to increasing the local benefit of mining instead of corruption or accountability
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7467
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  • 74
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    The Demand for, and Impact of, Youth Internships : Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Yemen (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McKenzie, David The Demand for, and Impact of, Youth Internships: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Yemen
    Abstract: This paper evaluates a youth internship program in the Republic of Yemen that provided firms with a 50 percent subsidy to hire recent graduates of universities and vocational schools. The first round of the program took place in 2014 and required both firms and youth to apply for the program. The paper examines the demand for such a program, and finds that in the context of an economy facing substantial political and economic uncertainty, it appears there is an oversupply of graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, and a relative undersupply of graduates in marketing and business. Conditional on the types of graduates firms were looking to hire as interns, applicants were then randomly chosen for the program. Receiving an internship resulted in an almost doubling of work experience in 2014, and a 73 percent increase in income during this period compared with the control group. A short-term follow-up survey conducted just as civil conflict was breaking out shows that internship recipients had better employment outcomes than the control group in the first five months after the program ended
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7463
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  • 75
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    Electricity Connections and Firm Performance in 183 Countries (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Geginat, Carolin Electricity Connections and Firm Performance in 183 Countries
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on electricity connections for businesses in 183 economies. The data cover information on procedures, time, and cost that a small or medium size business with a moderate electricity need has to invest to obtain a new electricity connection. The study finds significant variation in the time and cost to obtain such an electricity connection across countries. In low-income countries, for instance, it takes on average nearly twice as long as in high-income countries to connect a new customer to electricity, while the cost associated with a comparable connection is 70 times higher. The study finds that the poor performance of distribution utilities in low-income countries cannot only be explained by differences in income levels. The overall level of bureaucracy appears to be another important factor. The study also finds the data to be correlated with existing measures of the effectiveness of the electricity sector, suggesting that the hurdles related to obtaining an electricity connection mirror other problems in the sector, such as the quality of electricity supply and the incidence of bribe payments. Finally, the study finds that electricity connections affect firm performance. Simpler and less costly electricity connection processes are associated with better firm performance, in particular in industries with high electricity needs, such as manufacturing motor vehicles
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7460
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  • 76
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    Demand-Driven Propagation : Evidence from the Great Recession (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nguyen, Ha Demand-Driven Propagation: Evidence from the Great Recession
    Abstract: This paper provides empirical evidence for the Keynesian demand-driven propagation: initial rounds of job losses lead to additional rounds of job losses. The paper shows that U.S. counties with higher pre-existing exposure to tradable industries experienced larger job losses in non-tradable sectors during the Great Recession. This was arguably because laid-off tradable workers cut their consumption, which hurts local non-tradable firms. The finding is not driven by exposure to the construction sector, by the collapse in house prices, or by credit supply problems. In addition, the spillover is stronger when the focus is on the job losses of more income-elastic non-tradable sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7456
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  • 77
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    Exporter Behavior, Country Size and Stage of Development : Evidence from the Exporter Dynamics Database (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fernandes, Ana M Exporter Behavior, Country Size and Stage of Development: Evidence from the Exporter Dynamics Database
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on the micro structure of the export sector for 45 countries and studies how exporter behavior varies with country size and stage of development. Larger countries and more developed countries have more exporters, larger exporters, and a greater share of exports controlled by the top 5 percent. The extensive margin (more firms) plays a greater role than the intensive margin (average size) in supporting exports of larger countries. In contrast, the intensive margin is relatively more important in explaining the exports of richer countries. Exporter entry and exit rates are higher and entrant survival is lower at an early stage of development. The paper discusses the results in light of trade theories with heterogeneous firms and the empirical literature on resource allocation, firm size, and development. An implication from the findings is that developing countries export less because the top of the firm-size distribution is truncated
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7452
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  • 78
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    The Cost of Being Landlocked : Logistics Costs and Supply Chain Reliability (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Marteau, Jean-Francois The Cost of Being Landlocked: Logistics Costs and Supply Chain Reliability
    Abstract: A large proportion of the least developed countries are landlocked and their access to world markets depends on the availability of a trade corridor and transit systems. Based on empirical evidence from World Bank projects and assessments in Africa, Central Asia, and elsewhere, this paper proposes a microeconomic quantitative description of logistics costs. The paper theoretically and empirically highlights that landlocked economies are primarily affected not only by a high cost of freight services but also by the high degree of unpredictability in transportation time. The main sources of costs are not only physical constraints but widespread rent activities and severe flaws in the implementation of the transit systems, which prevent the emergence of reliable logistics services. The business and donor community should push toward implementation of comprehensive facilitation strategies, primarily at the national level, and the design of robust and resilient transport and transit regimes. A better understanding of the political economy of transit and a review of the implementation successes and failures in this area are needed
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4258
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  • 79
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    MSME Taxation in Transition Economies : Country Experience on the Costs and Benefits of Introducing Special Tax Regimes (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engelschalk, Michael MSME Taxation in Transition Economies: Country Experience on the Costs and Benefits of Introducing Special Tax Regimes
    Abstract: The paper analyzes the design of simplified small business tax regimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and the impact of such regimes on small business tax compliance. Although many approaches for tax simplification exist, a general trend in the region is to offer small businesses the option to be taxed based on their turnover instead of net income. The study finds that many of the regimes in place are overly simplistic and neither take into account fairness considerations nor do they facilitate business growth and migration into the standard tax regime. Although revenue generation is not a main objective of such regimes, low revenue performance and the risk of system abuse by larger businesses should be issues of concern. More attention should therefore be devoted to improving the design of simplified regimes and monitoring their application. This will require in particular a more profound analysis of the economic situation and the tax compliance challenges in the small business segment and increased efforts to improve the quality of bookkeeping
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7449
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  • 80
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    Modeling the Marginal Value of Rainforest Losses : A Dynamic Value Function Approach (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strand, Jon Modeling the Marginal Value of Rainforest Losses: A Dynamic Value Function Approach
    Abstract: A rainforest can be modeled as a dynamic asset subject to various risks, including risk of fire. Any small part of the forest can be in one of two states: either untouched by forest fire, or already damaged by fire, in which case there is both a local forest loss and increased dryness over a broader area. In this paper, two Bellman equations are constructed, one for unharmed forest and a second for already burnt forest. The analysis solves the two equations for the total expected asset values in each of the two states, assuming that asset returns have a constant growth rate over time. The equations are used for deriving the marginal value of standing (unburnt) rainforest, equivalent to the expected discounted value loss when losing a small additional forest patch. The paper shows that marginal forest value is increased by the additional dryness and forest fire risk that follow from forest fragmentation when additional forest is lost locally. Both forest fires and dryness here serve as "multipliers" to the basic services return loss, within and outside the forest. The paper also presents a framework for calibrating the impact of the forest fire risk component on forest value
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7445
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  • 81
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    The Impact of Violence on Individual Risk Preferences : Evidence from a Natural Experiment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jakiela, Pamela The Impact of Violence on Individual Risk Preferences: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
    Abstract: This study estimates the impact of Kenya's post-election violence on individual risk preferences. Because the crisis interrupted a longitudinal survey of more than five thousand Kenyan youth, this timing creates plausibly exogenous variation in exposure to civil conflict by the time of the survey. The study measures individual risk preferences using hypothetical lottery choice questions, which are validated by showing that they predict migration and entrepreneurship in the cross-section. The results indicate that the post-election violence sharply increased individual risk aversion. Immediately after the crisis, the fraction of subjects who are classified as either risk neutral or risk loving dropped by roughly 26 percent. The findings remain robust to an IV estimation strategy that exploits random assignment of respondents to waves of surveying
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7440
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  • 82
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    The Impact of Investment Policy in a Changing Global Economy : A Review of the Literature (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Echandi, Roberto The Impact of Investment Policy in a Changing Global Economy: A Review of the Literature
    Abstract: Evidence shows that foreign direct investment can provide many benefits to host countries, including productivity improvements, better jobs, and knowledge transfer. Further, it can serve as a vehicle for transformation of domestic production and better integration with global value chains. Nonetheless, these benefits are not automatic. Investment policies are required to maximize the potential gains of foreign direct investment. One challenge is that there are different kinds of foreign direct investment, and each may have different economic, social, and environmental impacts. However, the literature analyzing foreign direct investment often tends to swing from an extremely case-specific focus-analyzing experiences in one particular country in a single sector during a given period-to lumping together the analysis as if it was a homogenous phenomenon. Investment policy formulation requires a framework sophisticated enough to differentiate between the various kinds of foreign direct investment, as well as potential challenges and benefits for development. It must also be simple enough to enable governments to organize and prioritize the multiple and complex variables affecting the maximization of investment benefits. This paper presents an overview of the literature on the impact of foreign direct investment. The paper argues that a logical framework is needed to organize existing evidence from research to fill gaps in the literature and make existing evidence more useful in targeting policy making
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7437
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  • 83
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    Robust Decision-Making in the Water Sector : A Strategy for Implementing Lima's Long-Term Water Resources Master Plan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kalra, Nidhi Robust Decision-Making in the Water Sector: A Strategy for Implementing Lima's Long-Term Water Resources Master Plan
    Abstract: 00 million) in investment costs. Second, the study helped focus future efforts on demand-side management, pricing, and soft infrastructure, a refocusing that is difficult to achieve in traditional utility companies. Third, the study helped SEDAPAL gain the support of regulatory and budget agencies through the careful analysis of alternatives. Fourth, the study allowed the utility to postpone lower priority investments, and to analyze future options based on climate and demand information that simply is not available now
    Abstract: 00 million) in investment costs. Second, the study helped focus future efforts on demand-side management, pricing, and soft infrastructure, a refocusing that is difficult to achieve in traditional utility companies. Third, the study helped SEDAPAL gain the support of regulatory and budget agencies through the careful analysis of alternatives. Fourth, the study allowed the utility to postpone lower priority investments, and to analyze future options based on climate and demand information that simply is not available now
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7439
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  • 84
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    Formalizing Rural Land Rights in West Africa : Early Evidence from a Randomized Impact Evaluation in Benin (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Goldstein, Markus Formalizing Rural Land Rights in West Africa: Early Evidence from a Randomized Impact Evaluation in Benin
    Abstract: This paper presents early evidence from the first large-scale randomized-controlled trial of a land formalization program. The study examines the links between land demarcation and investment in rural Benin in light of a model of agricultural production under insecure tenure. The demarcation process involved communities in the mapping and attribution of land rights; cornerstones marked parcel boundaries and offered lasting landmarks. Consistent with the model, improved tenure security under demarcation induces a shift toward long-term investment on treated parcels. This investment does not yet coincide with gains in agricultural productivity. The analysis also identifies significant gender-specific effects. Female-managed landholdings in treated villages are more likely to be left fallow-an important soil fertility investment. Women further respond to an exogenous tenure security change by moving production away from relatively secure, demarcated land and toward less secure land outside the village to guard those parcels
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7435
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  • 85
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    Analyzing Food Price Trends in the Context of Engel's Law and the Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Baffes, John Analyzing Food Price Trends in the Context of Engel's Law and the Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis
    Abstract: Income growth in emerging economies has often been cited as a key driver of the past decade's com-modity price boom-the longest and broadest boom since World War II. This paper shows that income has a negative and highly significant effect on real food commodity prices, a finding that is consistent with Engel's Law and Kindleberger's thesis, the predecessors of the Prebisch-Singer hypothe-sis. The paper also shows that, in the long run, income influences real food prices mainly through the manufacturing price channel (the deflator), hence weakening the view that income growth exerts strong upward pressure on food prices. Other (short-term) drivers of food prices include energy costs, inventories, and monetary conditions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7424
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  • 86
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    Moral Incentives : Experimental Evidence from Repayments of an Islamic Credit Card (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bursztyn, Leonardo Moral Incentives: Experimental Evidence from Repayments of an Islamic Credit Card
    Abstract: This paper studies the role of morality in the decision to repay debts. Using a field experiment with a large Islamic bank in Indonesia, the paper finds that moral appeals strongly increase credit card repayments. In this setting, all of the banks late-paying credit card customers receive a basic reminder to repay their debt one day after they miss the payment due date. In addition, two days before the end of a ten-day grace period, clients in a treatment group also receive a text message that cites an Islamic religious text and states that "non-repayment of debts by someone who is able to repay is an injustice." This message increases the share of customers meeting their minimum payments by nearly 20 percent. By contrast, sending either a simple reminder or an Islamic quote that is unrelated to debt repayment has no effect on the share of customers making the minimum payment. Clients also respond more strongly to this moral appeal than to substantial financial incentives: receiving the religious message increases repayments by more than offering a cash rebate equivalent to 50 percent of the minimum repayment. Finally, the paper finds that removing religious aspects from the quote does not change its effectiveness, suggesting that the moral appeal of the message does not necessarily rely on its religious connotation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7420
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  • 87
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    Value of Improved Information about Forest Protection Values, with Application to Rainforest Valuation (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strand, Jon Value of Improved Information about Forest Protection Values, with Application to Rainforest Valuation
    Abstract: What is the utility from obtaining more precise values of natural resource objects (rainforests), through surveys or other similar information gathering? In the value of information problems studied here, a principal who wishes to preserve a resource sets a price to offer to a seller without knowing precisely the protection value or opportunity value, to the seller. The value of information related to more precise information about the protection value for the principal is a key issue in environmental and natural resource valuation, but it is in most cases implicit and not analyzed. More precise resource values reduce the frequency of two types of mistakes (saving the resource when it should not be saved, and not saving the resource when it should be saved), and increases the principal's ex ante expected utility value. This paper applies the model to Amazon rainforest protection and considers the hypothetical value of perfect information. The analysis finds that the value of perfect information can easily exceed realistic information costs, thus perhaps justifying significant expenditures for valuation studies, given that all available information is used efficiently for conservation decision purposes. The value of perfect information also depends on the nature of buyer-seller interactions, and is higher in the altruistic case, where the principal has full concern for the outcome for the seller
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7423
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  • 88
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    The Cost of Road Infrastructure in Low and Middle Income Countries (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Collier, Paul The Cost of Road Infrastructure in Low and Middle Income Countries
    Abstract: The connections between transport infrastructure and economic development have been extensively analyzed in previous research, but little is known about the cost of infrastructure investments in poor countries. This paper examines drivers of unit costs of construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure in low and middle income countries and documents that: (i) there is a large dispersion in unit costs for comparable road work activities; (ii) after accounting for environmental drivers of costs, residual unit costs are significantly higher in conflict countries; (iii) there is evidence that costs are higher in countries with higher levels of corruption; (iv) these effects are robust to controlling for a country's public investment capacity and business environment. Our findings have implications for governments aiming to increase connectivity in poor countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7408
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  • 89
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    The Impact of Private Sector Internship and Training on Urban Youth in Kenya (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Honorati, Maddalena The Impact of Private Sector Internship and Training on Urban Youth in Kenya
    Abstract: This study uses a randomized experiment to evaluate the impacts of the training and internship program piloted in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu counties by the Kenya Private Sector Alliance and the Government of Kenya with support from the World Bank's Kenya Youth Empowerment Project. The program provided three months of classroom-based technical training coupled with three months of internships in private firms to vulnerable youths between ages 15 and 29 years, with vulnerable being defined as those out of school and/or with no permanent job. The analysis in this paper is based on survey data collected before the program started (July 2012) and 15 months after the program ended (July 2014). The results of the impact evaluation show that the program has been successful in placing youths in paid jobs and has contributed to an increase of 15 percent in current employment among male participants. The evaluation also found that the program has had positive effects on wage earnings, especially those of females and among older males, with wages increasing by about K Sh 5,000 for males and by K Sh 7,500 for females. With a total unit cost of K Sh 97,000 per beneficiary, an estimated K Sh 6,768 monthly wage for males and K Sh 9,623 monthly wage for females, the program's benefits exceeded the costs for males and females. The program also encouraged youths to participate in either (certified) skills training or an internship program, and helped to increase the probability of participants' opening a bank account and accumulating savings (for females)
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7404
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  • 90
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    A Decade of Declining Earnings Inequality in the Russian Federation (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Calvo, Paula Andrea A Decade of Declining Earnings Inequality in the Russian Federation
    Abstract: Wage inequality decreased significantly in the Russian Federation over the 2000s. The economic expansion experienced throughout the decade led to an improvement in social indicators, with a large reduction in poverty rates and an increase in higher education. In this context, wage inequality showed a sharp decline, with the Gini index on labor income decreasing by 18 percent between 2002 and 2012. Using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, this paper documents the reduction in wage inequality and explores potential factors behind the trend. The analysis uses a decomposition technique proposed by Fortin, Lemieux, and Firpo (2011) to disentangle the main drivers behind changes in the wage distribution. The results suggest that wage structure effects are more important than composition effects for explaining changes in wage inequality. Institutional factors, such as minimum wage policies and changes in the returns to employment in different sectors and types of firms as well as the reduction of the skill premium, emerge as the most relevant factors for explaining changes in the wage structure
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7392
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  • 91
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    Should Latin America Save More to Grow Faster? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als de la Torre, Augusto Should Latin America Save More to Grow Faster?
    Abstract: Latin America's historically low saving rates and sub-par growth performance raise the question of whether the region should save more to grow faster. Economists generally resist acknowledging a policy-exploitable causal connection going from saving to growth because domestic saving is perceived to be fully endogenous, optimally determined, or fully substitutable by foreign saving. However, to the extent that these three assumptions do not hold, three channels can be established through which higher domestic saving-by curbing persistent current account deficits-can promote medium-term growth. The channels are first, a real interest rate channel, whereby higher saving reduces the cost of capital and enhances macro sustainability; second, a real exchange rate channel, through which higher saving leads to a more competitive real exchange rate; and third, an endogenous saving channel, whereby saving follows growth and, hence, subsequently compounds the effect of the first two channels. Econometric evidence supports all three channels and suggests that the lower-saving countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, especially those with recurrently weak balance of payments and persistent domestic demand pressures on the non-tradable sector, would benefit the most from boosting their saving rates
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7386
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  • 92
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    Self-Help Groups, Savings and Social Capital : Evidence from a Field Experiment in Cambodia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ban, Radu Self-Help Groups, Savings and Social Capital: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Cambodia
    Abstract: This paper studies how self-help groups-village-based organizations designed to encourage savings, household production and social cohesion among the poor-can promote economic and social capital. The paper uses survey data and a wide array of social capital measures to assess the impact of a pilot program that was randomly rolled out in rural villages in Cambodia. The study finds that the program encouraged savings and associations via self-help groups. However it did not improve social capital measured by household and network surveys and lab activities that gauge trust, trustworthiness and the willingness to contribute to public goods. The findings contradict recent work that has found significant positive impacts of such groups on social capital. This paper evaluates community-wide impacts while most previous studies focus on program participants. In addition, the empirical strategy is based on a broader array of social capital measures, including behavioral indicators, suggesting that finding impacts of such programs on social capital is sensitive to the measurement strategy
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7382
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  • 93
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    Subjective Well-Being across the Lifespan in Europe and Central Asia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bauer, Jan Michael Subjective Well-Being across the Lifespan in Europe and Central Asia
    Abstract: This paper uses data from the Integrated Values Survey, the Life in Transition Survey, and the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey to analyze the relation between age and subjective well-being in the Europe and Central Asia region. Although the results generally confirm the findings of previous studies of a U-shaped relation between subjective well-being and age for most of the lifecycle, the paper also finds that well-being declines again after people reach their 60s and 70s, giving rise to an S-shaped relation across the entire lifespan. This pattern generally remains robust for most of the cross-sectional and panel analyses. Hence, despite significant heterogeneity in the pattern of well-being across the lifespan in the Europe and Central Asia region, the paper does not observe high levels of cross-country or cross-cohort variation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7378
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  • 94
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    Unconditional Cash Transfers in China : An Analysis of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee Program (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Golan, Jennifer Unconditional Cash Transfers in China: An Analysis of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee Program
    Abstract: This paper examines China's rural minimum living standard guarantee (dibao) program, one of the largest minimum income cash transfer schemes in the world. Using household survey data matched with published administrative data, the paper describes the dibao program, estimates the program's impact on poverty, and carries out targeting analysis. The analysis finds that the program provides sufficient income to poor beneficiaries but does not substantially reduce the overall level of poverty, in part because the number of beneficiaries is small relative to the number of poor. Conventional targeting analysis reveals rather large inclusionary and exclusionary targeting errors; propensity score targeting analysis yields smaller but still large targeting errors. Simulations of possible reforms to the dibao program indicate that expanding coverage can potentially yield greater poverty reduction than increasing transfer amounts. In addition, replacing locally diverse dibao lines with a nationally uniform dibao threshold could in theory reduce poverty. The potential gains in poverty reduction, however, depend on the effectiveness of targeting
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7374
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  • 95
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    Promoting Democracy in Fragile States : Insights from a Field Experiment in Liberia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mvukiyehe, Eric Promoting Democracy in Fragile States: Insights from a Field Experiment in Liberia
    Abstract: A field experiment in rural Liberia is used to study democratic participation in fragile states. Fragile states are marked by political fragmentation, local patronage systems, and voter vulnerability. To understand the effects of such conditions on democratic expression through elections, the experiment introduced new forms of interaction between rural citizens and third-party actors: (i) civic education and town hall workshops directed by non-governmental organizations in communities over nine months and (ii) security committees that brought rural community representatives into monthly exchange with United Nations peacekeepers. Civic education workshops increased enthusiasm for electoral participation, produced a coordinated shift from parochial to national candidates, and increased willingness to report on manipulation. A program combining the two interactions had similar effects. The security committees had negligible effects. Barriers to political information and voter coordination appear to be important but resolvable problems for elections in fragile states
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7370
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  • 96
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    Asymmetric Information about Migrant Earnings and Remittance Flows (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Seshan, Ganesh Asymmetric Information about Migrant Earnings and Remittance Flows
    Abstract: This paper examine asymmetric information about migrant earnings and its implications for remittance behavior using a sample of Indian households with husbands working overseas in Qatar. On average, wives underreport their husbands' income and underreporting is more prevalent in households with higher earning migrants. The discrepancy in earning reports is strongly correlated with variation in remittances: greater underreporting by wives is associated with lower remittances. An exchange model of remittances is developed with asymmetric information and costly state verification. The optimal remittance contract prescribes a threshold for remittances that invites verification only if unmet. The model's predictions closely match our empirical findings
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7368
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Capital Market Financing, Firm Growth, and Firm Size Distribution (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Didier, Tatiana Capital Market Financing, Firm Growth, and Firm Size Distribution
    Abstract: How many and which firms issue equity and bonds in domestic and international markets, how do these firms grow relative to non-issuing firms, and how does firm performance vary along the firm size distribution? To evaluate these questions, a new data set is constructed by matching data on firm-level capital raising activity with balance sheet data for 45,527 listed firms in 51 countries. Three main patterns emerge from the analysis. (1) Only a few large firms issue equity or bonds, and among them a small subset has raised a large proportion of the funds raised during the 1990s and 2000s. (2) Issuers grow faster than non-issuers in assets, sales, and employment, that is, firms do not simply use securities markets to adjust their financial accounts. (3) The firm size distribution of issuers evolves differently from that of non-issuers, tightening among issuers and widening among non-issuers
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7353
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
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    Online Resource
    High-Powered Incentives and Communication Failure (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mishra, Ajit High-Powered Incentives and Communication Failure
    Abstract: This paper uses a donor-provider-agent framework to study the role of provider incentives for the delivery of developmental goods like aid, credit, or technology transfer to the poor. The paper considers a situation where credible communication by the provider is the key to successful delivery. The study shows that the use of high-powered incentives can lead to breakdown of communication between providers and agents, leading to undesirable outcomes. The paper studies the interplay between incentives and communication in the presence of typical and motivated providers and finds that in certain situations incentivization leads to worse outcomes
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7345
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Much Could South Asia Benefit from Regional Electricity Cooperation and Trade? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Timilsina, Govinda R How Much Could South Asia Benefit from Regional Electricity Cooperation and Trade?
    Abstract: The South Asia region is lagging behind many regions in the world in regional electricity cooperation and trading, despite the huge anticipated benefits. This study uses an electricity planning model that produces optimal expansion of electricity generation capacities and transmission interconnections in the long-term to quantify the benefits of unrestricted cross-border electricity trade in the South Asia during 2015-40. The study finds that the unrestricted electricity trade provision would save US
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7341
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Consumption, Income, and Wealth of the Poorest : Cross-Sectional Facts of Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa for Macroeconomists (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als De Magalhaes, Leandro The Consumption, Income, and Wealth of the Poorest: Cross-Sectional Facts of Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa for Macroeconomists
    Abstract: This paper provides new empirical insights on the joint distribution of consumption, income, and wealth in three of the poorest countries in the world - Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda - all located in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The first finding is that while income inequality is similar to that of the United States (US), wealth inequality is barely one-third that of the US. Similarly, while the top of the income distribution (1 and 10 percent) earns a similar share of total income in SSA as in the US, the share of total wealth accumulated by the income-rich in SSA is one-fifth of its US counterpart. The main contributions of the paper are to document: (i) this dwarfed transmission from income to wealth, which suggests that SSA households face a larger inability to save and accumulate wealth compared with US households; and (ii) a lower transmission from income to consumption inequality, which suggests the presence of powerful institutions that favor consumption insurance to the detriment of saving. These features are more relevant for rural areas, which represent roughly four-fifths of the total population. The paper identifies the few successful pockets of the SSA population that are able to accumulate wealth by exploring sources of inequality such as age, education, migration, borrowing ability, and societal systems
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7337
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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