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  • 1
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264167513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD International drivers of corruption
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Weltwirtschaft ; Globalisierung ; Korruption
    Abstract: Corruption and other governance problems result primarily from processes generated within the domestic political economy. There are major international factors, however, that interact with domestic processes: international drivers of corruption. This report introduces an analytical tool to help readers understand how these international drivers of corruption affect governance and corruption at the country level. It provides a means for identifying those drivers that matter most for domestic governance, as well as opportunities for international actors to work more effectively to improve governance in specific country contexts.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167711 , 9789264112728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (81 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thurner, Stefan, 1969 - Systemic financial risk
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Systemrisiko ; Financial leverage ; Financial risk ; Financial risk management ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: This report analyses the results of simulations using an agent based model of financial markets to show how excessive levels of leverage in financial markets can lead to a systemic crash. Investors overload on risky assets betting more than they have to gamble creating a tremendous level of vulnerability in the system as a whole. Plummeting asset prices render banks unable or unwilling to provide credit as they fear they might be unable to cover their own liabilities due to potential loan defaults. Whether an overleveraged borrower is a sovereign nation or major financial institution, recent history illustrates how defaults carry the risk of contagion in a globally interconnected economy. The resulting slowdown of investment in the real economy impacts actors at all levels, from small businesses to homebuyers. Bankruptcies lead to job losses and a drop in aggregate demand, leading to more businesses and individuals being unable to repay their loans, reinforcing a downward spiral that can trigger a recession, depression or bring about stagflation in the real economy. This can have a devastating impact not only on economic prosperity across the board, but also consumer sentiment and trust in the ability of the system to generate long-term wealth and growth.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264113695
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: This OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) in Austria is designed to help Austria make its VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 239 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers no.2012/02
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.308
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264179370
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    DDC: 305.42
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Gender gaps are pervasive in all walks of economic life and imply large losses in terms of foregone productivity and living standards to the individuals concerned and the economy. This new OECD report focuses on how best to close these gender gaps under four broad headings: 1) Gender equality, social norms and public policies; and gender equality in 2) education; 3) employment and 4) entrepreneurship. Key policy messages are as follows:-Greater gender equality in educational attainment has a strong positive effect on economic growth;-Stereotyping needs to be addressed in educational choices at school from a young age. For example, adapt teaching strategies and material to increase engagement of boys in reading and of girls in maths and science; encourage more girls to follow science, engineering and maths courses in higher education and seek employment in these fields;-Good and affordable childcare is a key factor for better gender equality in employment. But change also has to happen at home as the bulk of housework and caring is left to women in many countries. Policy can support such change, for example, through parental leave policies that explicitly include fathers.-Support policies for women-owned enterprises need to target all existing firms, not just start-ups and small enterprises. Equal access to finance for male and female entrepreneurs needs to be assured
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 199 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2012/01
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.307
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264177949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Resserrer les liens avec les diasporas ; Panorama des compétences des migrants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Resserrer les liens avec les diasporas: Panorama des compétences des migrants
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Connecting with emigrants
    Keywords: Migranten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Statistik 2012 ; Statistik 2012 ; Statistik 2012 ; Migration ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: The potential of diasporas as a source of economic and social development in origin countries and whether diasporas could help foster development depend on their characteristics, such as size, composition, skill levels and degree of concentration, but also on the degree of integration into the destination countries and the economic, political and social environment in origin countries. Governments of origin and destination countries can indeed facilitate the involvement of diasporas, by supporting networks, by facilitating communication channels with the country of origin, by creating an enabling environment, or – more directly – by easing skill mobility and use. In this regard, the capacity to characterise the profile of diasporas is instrumental. This joint OECD/AFD publication includes 140 country notes summarising diaspora sizes, including the number of children of migrants born in the destination countries; the characteristics of emigrant populations (gender, age, education, labour market outcomes); the numbers and main destinations of international students; recent migrant flows to OECD countries; and information on the desire to emigrate of different population groups. The country note information is grouped into six regions: Asia and Oceania; Latin America and the Caribbean; OECD countries; Non-OECD Europe and Central Asia; Middle East and North Africa; and Sub-Saharan Africa. The situation in each region is introduced by a separate chapter, which looks at historical migration trends, the main characteristics of diasporas originating from the region, and likely future developments and challenges.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264179479
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives; A Strategic Approach to Skills Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des compétences meilleures pour des emplois meilleurs et une vie meilleure ; Une approche stratégique des politiques sur les compétences
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Da sie sich sowohl der Komplexität der Kompetenzpolitik als auch der Möglichkeiten eines gegenseitigen Lernprozesses bewusst ist, hat die OECD eine globale Kompetenzstrategie ausgearbeitet, die den Ländern dabei helfen soll, die Stärken und Schwächen ihrer Qualifikationssysteme zu identifizieren, sie im internationalen Vergleich zu betrachten und Maßnahmen auszuarbeiten, mit denen erreicht werden kann, dass Kompetenzen zu besseren Arbeitsplätzen, einem höheren Wirtschaftswachstum und mehr sozialer Inklusion führen. Diese Publikation stellt eine Strategie vor, die den Ländern bei der Verwirklichung des Ziels der Heranbildung und optimalen Nutzung eines hervorragenden Pools an Kompetenzen helfen wird. Die Skills Strategy der OECD beinhaltet eine Umorientierung von traditionellen Messgrößen des Kompetenzniveaus, z.B. der Zahl der formalen Bildungsjahre oder den erworbenen Bildungsabschlüssen, hin zu einer wesentlich weiter gefassten Messgröße, die sich auf die Kompetenzen erstreckt, die Menschen im Verlauf ihres gesamten Lebens erwerben, nutzen, pflegen und u.U. auch wieder verlieren können. Wird nicht ausreichend in Kompetenzen investiert, müssen Menschen ein unbefriedigendes Leben am Rande der Gesellschaft fristen, kann sich technischer Fortschritt nicht in Wirtschaftswachstum niederschlagen und können Länder in einer weltweit zunehmend wissensbasierten Gesellschaft nicht mehr im Wettbewerb mithalten. Zudem müssen Kompetenzen, wie in der Publikation betont wird, während des ganzen Lebens kontinuierlich gepflegt und erweitert werden, damit sie ihren Wert nicht verlieren und es den Menschen ermöglichen, miteinander in einer Weise zusammenzuarbeiten, zu konkurrieren und zu kommunizieren, die Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft voranbringt.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264116757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education, Czech Republic 2012
    DDC: 378.17
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This review provides analysis and policy advice to the Czech Republic on how the different assessment and evaluation procedures - student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation - can be embedded within a consistent framework to bring about real gains in performance across the school system. The review focuses on primary and secondary education. The country review reports provide, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future appr
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of contents; Acronyms and abbreviations; Executive summary; School education in the Czech Republic; Main features; Main trends and concerns; Main developments; Notes; References; The evaluation and assessment framework; Context and features; Strengths; Challenges; Policy recommendations; Notes; References; Student assessment; Context and features; Strengths; Challenges; Policy recommendations; References; Teacher appraisal; Context and features; Strengths; Challenges; Policy recommendations; References; School evaluation; Context and features; Strengths; Challenges
    Description / Table of Contents: Policy recommendationsNotes; References; Education system evaluation; Context and features; Strengths; Challenges; Policy recommendations; Notes; References; Conclusions and recommendations; Education system context; Strengths and challenges; Policy recommendations; Annex A: The OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes; Annex B: Visit programme; Annex C: Composition of the Review Team; Annex D: Comparative indicators on evaluation and assessment;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264119291
    Language: French
    Pages: 310 p. , ill. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water Governance in OECD Countries: A Multi-level Approach
    Keywords: Water-supply Government policy ; Water-supply Management
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264117228
    Language: French
    Pages: 172 p. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Policy and Governance: Supporting Economic Growth and Serving the Public Interest
    Keywords: Trade regulation ; Economic development Government policy ; Public administration
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264179547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance, value creation and growth
    DDC: 658.15
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Eigentümerstruktur ; Schwellenländer ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This publication examines the role of corporate governance arrangements in providing the right incentives to contribute to the value creation process within the private enterprises and the implications of the differences in ownership structures on corporate governance practices and frameworks. It also addresses these global changes from emerging markets perspective and the distinguishing features of these economies that shape their capital markets, corporate structures and corporate governance landscape. This publication is an important reminder that all those corporate governance rules, regulations and practices that we discuss are not a goal in themselves. They are supposed to be means to a greater end. Be it minority rights, mandatory bids, or independent directors, the rules and regulations that we put in place should serve a purpose. And it is against this purpose and these objectives that the quality of any corporate governance system should be evaluated. So, we need to find a benchmark against which we can assess new regulations and evaluate existing ones.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264111363
    Language: French
    Pages: 144 p. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Green Growth: Monitoring Progress: OECD Indicators
    DDC: 363.7
    Keywords: Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. pt. Suivre les progrès vers une croissance verte -- 2. pt. Les indicateurs.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264167148
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Keywords: Surveys Methodology ; Trade regulation Evaluation ; Surveys Design ; Public administration Evaluation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 368 p. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels
    Keywords: Fossil fuels Taxation ; Gas industry Subsidies ; Fossil fuels Finance ; Fossil fuels ; Petroleum industry and trade Subsidies
    Abstract: This publication provides preliminary, quantitative estimates of direct budgetary support and tax expenditures supporting the production or consumption of fossil fuels in selected OECD member countries. The information has been compiled as part of the OECD's programme of work to develop a better understanding of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. It is also intended to inform the ongoing efforts of G20 nations to reform fossil-fuel subsidies. For each of the 24 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country's tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordExecutive summary -- Introduction -- Australia -- Belgium -- Canada -- Chile -- France -- Germany -- Hungary -- Iceland -- Ireland -- Israel -- Italy -- Japan -- Korea -- Luxembourg -- Mexico -- Netherlands -- New Zealand -- Norway -- Poland -- Spain -- Sweden -- Turkey -- United Kingdom -- United States -- Glossary.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264167728
    Language: English
    Pages: 115 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Print version OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Colombia 2012
    DDC: 332.67309861
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This Investment Policy Review examines Colombia's achievements in developing an open and transparent investment regime and its efforts to reduce restrictions on international investment. The Review  shows  that, in the past few years, Colombia has made tremendous progress in promoting investment liberalisation and improving its investment policy framework. Colombia has also recently undertaken important policy reforms in many of the areas covered by the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, including human rights, labour issues and bribery. In recognition of its progress in pursu
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Introduction and Summary; The role of foreign investment in Colombia's economic development; Non­discrimination and equal treatment of investors; Policies in support of responsible business conduct; Colombia's policy framework for investment; Investment framework in support of green growth; Chapter 1. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Colombia's Economic Development; Recent FDI developments; Table 1.1. Colombia's international investment; Figure 1.1. FDI flows in and from Colombia (1994­mid­2011)
    Description / Table of Contents: Figure 1.2. Colombia's inward FDI position by main sectors (mid­2011)Box 1.1. Private investment targets in Colombia's National Development Plan 2010­14; Foreign investor participation in privatisation programmes; Note; References; Chapter 2. Colombia and the National Treatment Instrument; Introduction; Box 2.1. The Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises; The principle of non­discrimination of foreign direct investment in Colombia's investment regime; Box 2.2. Colombia and the Andean Community; Expropriation
    Description / Table of Contents: Exceptions to the National Treatment instrument notified by ColombiaHorizontal measures; Sectoral measures; Government procurement; Measures at the territorial subdivisions; Measures notified by Colombia for transparency; Measures based on public order and essential security considerations; Other measures reported for transparency; Colombia's plans for eliminating existing restrictions; Colombia and the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index; Box 2.3. Calculating the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index; Figure 2.1. 2010 FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index by country
    Description / Table of Contents: Figure 2.2. FDI stocks and the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness IndexNotes; References; Chapter 3. Colombia and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Box 3.1. The 2011 update of the OECD Guidelines for MNEs; General policies for promoting responsible business conduct; Box 3.2. Working in partnership to implement the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Colombia's policies in major areas of responsible business conduct; Disclosure; Human Rights; Employment and industrial relations; Environment; Combating bribery, bribe solicitation and extortion
    Description / Table of Contents: Box 3.3. Colombia's Anti­Corruption Statute of 2011: Measures to combat bribery in business transactionsConsumer interests; Box 3.4. Colombia's 2011 Consumer Protection Statute: Key features; Science and technology; Competition; Taxation; Box 3.5. Overview of taxes applicable to enterprises in Colombia; Establishment of a National Contact Point; Colombia's National Contact Point; Notes; References; Chapter 4. Colombia's Policy Framework for Investment; Box 4.1. The OECD Policy Framework for Investment; Investment policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Transparency and accessibility of the legislative and regulatory framework
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 21
    Language: French
    Pages: 127 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.128
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants and Their Children in Switzerland
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: La Suisse est, parmi les pays de l’OCDE, l’un de ceux où il y a la plus forte proportion d’immigrés – 27 % des personnes en âge de travailler sont nées à l’étranger – et la question de l’immigration occupe une place importante, tant dans l’agenda politique que dans le débat public. Compte tenu des nombreux débats que la question suscite dans le pays, on pourrait être tenté de penser que les immigrés sont moins bien intégrés en Suisse que dans d’autres pays.Les faits montrent cependant que, dans l’ensemble, l’intégration fonctionne plutôt bien en Suisse. La situation sur le marché du travail de la population immigrée dans son ensemble est largement favorable au regard de ce qu’on observe dans d’autres pays. Pour les hommes comme pour les femmes, le taux d’emploi des immigrés est plus élevé que dans les autres pays de l’OCDE...
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  • 22
    Language: French
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cities and Green Growth: Case Study of the Paris/Ile-de-France Region
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France
    Abstract: Ce rapport, élaboré dans le cadre du programme de l’OCDE sur les Villes vertes, est une étude pilote qui a pour but d’évaluer le potentiel de la croissance verte au sein de la région Paris/Ile-de- France (Paris-IDF). Dans un contexte international très concurrentiel, avec des contraintes internes au niveau social et environnemental, la croissance verte pourrait constituer une voie particulièrement appropriée pour redynamiser le tissu régional et atteindre des objectifs environnementaux. Le bâtiment et le transport sont parmi les secteurs urbains ayant le plus de potentiel. Plusieurs approches pour favoriser une forme plus souple de gouvernance métropolitaine sont prometteuses, mais bénéficieraient d’une implication plus forte du secteur privé lors de l’élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques. Cela impliquera une adaptation du processus de passation des marchés publics. Financer la croissance verte impliquera également la poursuite du verdissement des ressources publiques existantes ainsi que la création de nouvelles sources de revenus. Des formes de coopération innovatrices avec les acteurs privés sont à envisager.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264168626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Strategic transport infrastructure needs to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: -2030 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Bedarfsplanung
    Abstract: Transcontinental Infrastructure Needs to 2030/50 explores the long-term opportunities and challenges facing major gateway and transport hub infrastructures -- ports, airports and major rail corridors – in the coming decades. The report uses projections and scenarios to assess the broader economic outlook and future infrastructure requirements, and examines the options for financing these, not least against the backdrop of the economic recession and financial crisis which have significantly modified the risks and potential rewards associated with major infrastructure projects. Building on numerous in-depth case studies from Europe, North America and Asia, the report offers insights into the economic prospects for these key facilities and identifies policy options for improved gateway and corridor infrastructure in the future.
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  • 24
    Language: French
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.70
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education: Where Do We Strand?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les Lignes directrices pour des prestations de qualité dans l’enseignement supérieur transfrontalier ont été élaborées et adoptées pour promouvoir et encourager la coopération internationale et améliorer la compréhension de l’importance des enjeux lies à la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur transfrontalier. L’objectif des Lignes directrices est de protéger les étudiants et les autres parties prenantes des programmes d’enseignement de médiocre qualité et des prestataires peu scrupuleux (usines à diplômes et à accréditation) et de favoriser le développement d’un enseignement supérieur transfrontalier de qualité qui réponde aux besoins de développement humain, social, économique et culturel. S’appuyant sur une enquête auprès des pays, ce rapport examine dans quelle mesure les pays de l’OCDE et quelques pays non-membres se conformaient aux recommandations des Lignes directrices en 2011. Vingt-trois réponses ont été obtenues de 22 Membres.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264169142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (227 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Südafrika ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; South Africa
    Abstract: The third largest of South Africa’s nine provinces, the Free State suffers from unemployment, poverty and low skills. Only one-third of its working age adults are employed. 150 000 unemployed youth are outside of training and education. Centrally located and landlocked, the Free State lacks obvious regional assets and features a declining economy. How can the Free State develop a more inclusive labour market and education system? How can it address the long-term challenges of poverty, inequity and poor health? How can it turn the potential of its universities and FET-colleges into an active asset for regional development? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for regional development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.71
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Little research has been done into how the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) affect national educational reform and policy-making. This paper examines the normative impact of PISA by investigating how, and the extent to which , national policy actors use PISA in policies and practices, to evaluate and improve school-system performance. Drawing on the results of a survey of country practices, the study shows that PISA has become accepted as a reliable instrument for benchmarking student performance worldwide, and that PISA results have had an influence on policy reform in the majority of participating countries/economies.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264124523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mal-être au travail ? ; Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mal-être au travail ? : Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sick on the job?
    DDC: 158.72
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Arbeit ; Psychische Gesundheit
    Abstract: The costs of mental ill-health for the individuals concerned, employers and society at large are enormous. Mental illness is responsible for a very significant loss of potential labour supply, high rates of unemployment, and a high incidence of sickness absence and reduced productivity at work. In particular, mental illness causes too many young people to leave the labour market, or never really enter it, through early moves onto disability benefit. Today, between one-third and one-half of all new disability benefit claims are for reasons of mental ill-health, and among young adults that proportion goes up to over 70%. Indeed, mental ill-health is becoming a key issue for the well-functioning of OECD’s labour markets and social policies and requires a stronger focus on policies addressing mental health and work issues. Despite the very high costs to the individuals and the economy, there is only little awareness about the connection between mental health and work, and the drivers behind the labour market outcomes and the level of inactivity of people with mental ill-health. Understanding these drivers is critical for the development of more effective policies. This report aims to identify the knowledge gaps and begin to narrow them by reviewing evidence on the main challenges and barriers to better integrating people with mental illness in the world of work.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.933
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.928
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2012/01
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Argent rime-t-il avec bonne performance dans l'enquête PISA ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This issue will show that strong performers do not invest scarce resources in smaller classes, but in higher teachers' salaries. They are neither the countries that spend the most on education, nor are they the wealthiest countries; rather they are the countries that are committed to providing high-quality education to all students in the belief that all students can achieve at high levels.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.130
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.66
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report discusses the most relevant issues concerning school choice schemes, and how they intertwine with equity considerations, through a literature review and analysis of the effects different types of school choice programmes have on equity. In the last 25 years, more than two-thirds of OECD countries have increased school choice opportunities for parents. The empirical evidence reviewed here reveals that providing full parental school choice results in further student segregation between schools, by ability, socio-economic and ethnic background, and in greater inequities across education systems. The report identifies certain characteristics of programmes that can prevent schools from hand-picking their students - crowding out disadvantaged and low performing students. As school choice is here to stay, countries should explore choice designs that balance parents’ freedom to choose with equity considerations: this report develops two particular schemes: controlled choice programmes – also called flexible enrolment schemes – and weighted funding formula.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.938
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Papers no.2012/01
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Due to its clean burning properties, low investment costs and flexibility in production, natural gas is often put forward as the ideal partner fuel for wind power and other renewable sources of electricity generation with strongly variable output. This working paper examines three vital questions associated with this premise: 1) Is natural gas indeed the best partner fuel for wind power? 2) If so, to what extent will an increasing market share of wind power in European electricity generation affect demand for natural gas in the power sector? and 3) Considering the existing European natural gas markets, is natural gas capable of fulfilling this role of partner for renewable sources of electricity?
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264167605
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Le programme de réformes appelé la « Révision générale des politiques publiques » (RGPP), commencé au niveau de l’État en France en 2007, est une démarche inédite au sein des pays de l’OCDE par son mode de gouvernance impliquant directement et continuellement les plus hauts responsables de l’État en France. Dans cette publication, les résultats du programme de réformes de la RGPP sont analysés au regard des objectifs de départ, mais aussi dans le nouveau contexte économique et budgétaire dans lequel se trouve actuellement la France. Les leçons qui en sont tirées en termes d’économies budgétaires, de mise en place d’une culture de l’innovation, et d’améliorations de services rendus aux citoyens sont importantes pour tous les pays de l’OCDE dans leurs démarches d’amélioration de leur gouvernance et des résultats des administrations publiques. Elles sont tout aussi essentielles pour les collectivités locales, qui, elles aussi, sont contraintes d’innover dans leurs pratiques afin de fournir de meilleurs services à un moindre coût.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264166790
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Telecommunication Policy and Regulation in Mexico
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Mexico
    Abstract: El presente estudio ha sido realizado por la Dirección de Ciencia, Tecnología e Industria de la ocde (dsti) bajo los auspicios del Comité de Políticas de la Información, Informática y Comunicación (Comité iccp) en respuesta a una solicitud del gobierno de México, a instancias de la Comisión Federal de Telecomunicaciones (Cofetel), y a través de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (sct), por ser ambas instituciones las encargadas de representar a México en el Comité iccp. La revisión de la ocde de la política y la regulación de las telecomunicaciones tomó como base las respuestas de las autoridades mexicanas a un cuestionario, así como los resultados de una extensa serie de entrevistas realizadas a los principales actores del sector de las telecomunicaciones durante una misión de investigación efectuada en México. El informe fue objeto de una revisión de pares en el Comité iccp el 27 de octubre de 2011, siendo la revisión encabezada por la doctora Mónica Ariño (Ofcom, Reino Unido) y el señor François Lions (arcep, Francia). Se terminó a principios de noviembre de 2011 y refleja los avances hasta ese momento.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264166752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The report shows how China, already the world’s largest wind market, could reach 1,000 GW of wind power by the middle of the century, an achievement that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 gigatonnes per year, or roughly equivalent to the combined CO2 emissions of Germany, France and Italy in 2009. The China Wind Energy Roadmap is the first national roadmap that has been developed by a country with IEA support, drawing from its global roadmap series.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264106154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264128859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments
    RVK:
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Analphabetismus ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Erwachsener ; Schreib- und Lesefähigkeit ; Rechenfähigkeit
    Abstract: A basic level of literacy and numeracy is essential for full participation in modern societies. While very few people in most of the advanced countries could be regarded as illiterate or innumerate, recent studies have shown that there are, in fact, significant numbers of people with poor skills, and that low levels of skills are associated with lower wages and greater chances of unemployment and disengagement from the labour market. At the same time, technological changes, particularly the increasing presence of information and communication technologies in all areas of life, have led to a growing demand for higher-level cognitive skills that involve understanding, interpreting, analysing and communicating complex information. In this context, policy makers need the most comprehensive and up-to-date information if they want to ensure that the supply of skills in the labour force matches labour-market demand. The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), an international assessment of adult skills managed by the OECD, will be central in providing that information. Implemented by 25 countries in Europe, the Americas and Asia, PIAAC is compiling one of the richest sources of data regarding the skills that adults use in their work, home and communities, and related information, including family background, education, employment, income, civic participation and health. Results from the data, which are being collected from August 2011 to March 2012, will be available at the end of 2013. This report maps the development of the Programme, from determining what should be measured, to defining the meaning of PIAAC’s three core domains, “literacy”, “numeracy” and “problem solving in technology-rich environments”, to designing assessment tasks and determining how those tasks will be interpreted. It summarises the draft frameworks, developed by dedicated experts, for each of the assessment domains, and includes examples of the items and stimuli used to measure proficiency in the three domains. In essence, it provides an overview and a look at the underpinnings of PIAAC.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.68
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This working paper was prepared as part of the OECD thematic review Overcoming School Failure: Policies that Work, www.oecd.org/edu/equity. The project provides evidence on the policies that are effective to reduce school failure by improving low attainment and reducing dropout, and proactively supports countries in promoting reform. The project builds on the conceptual framework developed in the OECD’s No More Failures: Ten Steps to Equity in Education (2007). Austria, Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec and Yukon), Czech Republic, France, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden took part in this project. This working paper is part of a series of papers prepared for the thematic review Overcoming School Failure: Policies that Work covering the topics of policies to reduce dropout and in-school practices to reduce school failure. These report have been used as background material for the final comparative report Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Schools and Students (OECD, 2012), which gives evidence on the policy levers that can help overcome school failure and reduce inequities in OECD education systems. It focuses on the reasons why investing in overcoming school failure -early and up to upper secondary- pays off, on alternatives to specific system level policies that are currently hindering equity, and on the actions to be taken at school level, in particular in low performing disadvantaged schools.
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.2
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Few would dispute that having a higher education is more important than ever to help people build positive economic futures and strengthen the knowledge economies of countries. Yet as the second issue of the OECD’s new brief series Education Indicators in Focus explains, OECD countries have adopted dramatically different strategies for increasing higher education access – both in terms of how higher education is financed, and in the level of financial support they provide to individuals seeking a degree.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.190
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.70
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices pour des prestations de qualité dans l'enseignement supérieur transfrontalier : État des lieux
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-border Higher Education were developed and adopted to support and encourage international cooperation and enhance the understanding of the importance of quality provision in cross-border higher education. The purposes of the Guidelines are to protect students and other stakeholders from low-quality provision and disreputable providers (that is, degree and accreditation mills) as well as to encourage the development of quality cross-border higher education that meets human, social, economic and cultural needs. Based on a survey about the main recommendations of the Guidelines, this report monitors the extent to which OECD countries and a few non-member partners complied with its recommendations in 2011. Twenty-three responses were obtained from 22 Members.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167025
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis III
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Starting Strong III; A Quality Toolbox for Early Childhood Education and Care
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L’éducation et l’accueil des jeunes enfants (EAJE) peut apporter un large éventail d’effets bénéfiques – pour les enfants, les parents et la société en général. Cependant, tous ces effets bénéfiques ont pour condition la « qualité ». Un accroissement de l’accès aux services sans qu’on prête attention à la qualité ne produira pas de bons résultats pour les enfants ni les gains de productivité attendus à long terme pour la société. Cette nouvelle publication porte sur les questions de qualité : elle cherche à définir ce que cette notion recouvre et décrit cinq instruments visant à améliorer la qualité de l’EAJE. De plus, elle fournit aux responsables publics des outils pratiques comme les dossiers scientifiques, les comparaisons internationales, des exemples nationaux, les fiches de réflexion, etc. afin de mettre en œuvre avec succès ces instruments.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264115118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Energiewirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; OECD ; Energiepolitik ; Globalisierung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: The OECD Green Growth Strategy aims to provide concrete recommendations and measurement tools, including indicators, to support countries’ efforts to achieve economic growth and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. The strategy proposes a flexible policy framework that can be tailored to different country circumstances and stages of development. This report was coordinated with the International Energy Agency (IEA). This report looks at the role of the energy sector in moving towards a green growth model and the policies to facilitate the transition. Together with innovation, going green can be a long-term driver for economic growth, through, for example, investing in renewable energy and improved efficiency in the use of energy and materials.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264168244
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water Governance in OECD Countries; A Multi-level Approach
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport aborde les enjeux de gouvernance multi-niveaux dans la mise en œuvre de la politique de l’eau et identifie les bonnes pratiques en matière de coordination de la politique de l’eau entre les ministères, les niveaux de gouvernement et les acteurs locaux au niveau infranational. Basé sur un cadre méthodologique, il évalue les principaux « écarts de coordination » en termes d’élaboration des politiques publiques, de financement, d’information, de responsabilité, d’objectifs et de renforcement des capacités et il fournit une plateforme de mécanismes de gouvernance existants afin de les combler. A partir d’une étude exhaustive sur la gouvernance de l’eau, ce rapport dresse un tableau institutionnel complet des rôles et responsabilités dans l’élaboration des politiques de l’eau au niveau national et infranational dans 17 pays de l’OCDE. Enfin, il fournit des directives préliminaires en matière de gouvernance multi-niveaux pour une politique intégrée de l’eau.
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  • 48
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Commodity Price Volatility: An Overview
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Ce document de travail constitue un rapport technique sur la volatilité historique des prix des matières premières dans le cadre du projet traitant du changement structurel dans les marchés agricoles mondiaux. Ces dernières années ont connu une forte hausse des prix de nombreuses matières premières. Ce rapport examine la question de savoir si la volatilité des prix des matières premières a sensiblement évolué avec la rapide montée des prix mondiaux en 2006-09, suivie par une baisse tout aussi marquée des prix de nombreuses matières premières. Le rapport analyse la volatilité des prix internationaux de certains produits agricoles au cours des cinquante dernières années et leur relation avec le pétrole brut, les engrais et le taux de change euro-dollar. L'analyse utilise différentes sources de données, fréquences des relevés de prix, périodes d'observation, mesures de la volatilité des prix et un certain nombre de tests statistiques afin d'examiner les différentes dimensions de la question.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Papers no.2012/02
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The rationale for an individual company making an investment that will reduce energy consumption varies considerably and depends on a range of factors. This report delves into the major factors or driving forces that decision makers within a large industrial company take into account when deciding to make new investments - the so-called "boardroom perspective". It explores the factors that influence companies to invest in energy savings and proposes a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of a country's energy efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation policies mix from this boardroom perspective
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264130807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: The book presents a major meta-analysis of 'value of a statistical life' (VSL) estimates derived from surveys where people around the world have been asked about their willingness to pay for small reduction in mortality risks. The analysis seeks to explain the differences in the estimates, for example across countries. Differences in incomes and the magintude of the risk reduction people have been asked to value were found to be the factors having the strongest impact on VSL, but a number of other policy-relevant factors are also important. Based on the meta-analysis, and a broad review of the literature, the book also presents clear advice on how VSL values best can be used in assessments of environmental, health and transport policies, such as in cost-benefit analyses. Using explicit VSL estimates to quantify the benefits to society of fatality risk reductions can play an important role in the development of more cost-effective public policies.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264166745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategic environmental assessment in development practice
    Keywords: Umweltverträglichkeit ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: The principles of sustainable development play an integral role in making development assistance work at the level of policies, plans and programmes. In response to the Paris Declaration call to “… develop and apply common approaches for ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment’ at sector and national levels” among donors and partners, the Guidance on Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment was endorsed in 2006 by members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, representatives of developing countries receiving aid, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank and many other agencies. Since then, a growing number of countries at all levels of development have legislation or regulations prescribing the application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)  and many more are introducing it as part of their policy tools. This is creating unique opportunities for better policy making and planning by incorporating environmental considerations into high-level decision-making and opening new mechanisms to build consensus on development priorities within governments themselves and between governments and societies. Many development co-operation agencies and their partners are already making good progress in applying SEA. This publication presents the nine most interesting case studies of SEA in progress, selected from a total 100. These nine cases highlight that SEA can:• Safeguard environmental assets for sustainable poverty reduction and development;• Build public engagement in decision making;• Prevent costly mistakes by alerting decision-makers to potentially unsustainable development options at an early stage in the decision-making process;• Speed up implementation of projects and programmes;• Facilitate co-operation around shared environmental resources and contribute to conflict prevention.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264167476
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitiveness and Private Sector Development; Kazakhstan 2010; Sector Competitiveness Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development: Kazakhstan 2010; Sector Competitiveness Strategy
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: С 2000 года рост экономики Республики Казахстан увеличивался в среднем на 8-9% в год, что позволило стране войти в десятку самых быстроразвивающихся государств в мире. Казахстан привлекает больше прямых иностранных инвестиций, чем все остальные страны Центральной Азии вместе взятые. До сих пор высокие экономические показатели страны обеспечивались, главным образом, добывающей промышленностью. В нефтегазовую отрасль уходят три четверти всех иностранных инвестиций, поступающих в страну. Однако благодаря определ èнным конкурентным преимуществам новыми источниками роста могут стать неэнергетические отрасли экономики Казахастана. В 2009 году Казахстан приступил к реализации масштабной программы диверсификации источников прямых иностранных инвестиций. С этой целью правительство обратилось к ОЭСР с просьбой о проведении Обзора отраслевой конкурентоспособности. В настоящем докладе, представляющем первую стадию реализации проекта, содержится оценка и излагается стратегия повышения конкурентоспособности неэнергетических отраслей экономики Казахстана, в том числе агропромышленного комплекса, агрохимии, логистики, сектора деловых услуг и информационных технологий. Несмотря на то что правительство страны успешно провело первый этап реформ, направленных на создание благоприятного делового климата, государству рекомендуется устранить основные политические барьеры, препятствующие развитию рассмотренных отраслей. Так, для улучшения качества продукции и модернизации производства необходимо принять меры по обеспечению доступа к финансированию, привлечению современных предприятий розничной торговли и повышению квалификации персонала. Настоящий обзор был подготовлен в рамках Программы ОЭСР по повышению конкурентоспособности стран Евразии, региональной программы, направленной на содействие экономическому росту и развитию одиннадцати республик бывшего Советсткого Союза, а также Афганистана и Монголии.
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  • 53
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Are Boys and Girls Ready for the Digital Age?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les technologies de l'information et de la communication révolutionnent non seulement la vitesse de transmission des informations, mais aussi les modalités de diffusion et de réception de ces dernières. Les innovations technologiques modifient en profondeur les types de compétences requises à l'heure actuelle sur le marché du travail et les catégories d'emplois offrant le meilleur potentiel de croissance. La plupart de ces emplois nécessitent désormais une certaine familiarité avec la navigation sur support électronique, voire la maîtrise de cette dernière qui demande aux lecteurs de déterminer eux-mêmes la structure de ce qu'ils lisent au lieu de suivre simplement l'ordre pré-établi du texte, comme dans un livre…
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264171923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (173 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Food and the tourism experience
    Keywords: Tourismuswirtschaft ; Gastronomie ; Tourismuspolitik ; Tourismusökonomie ; Südkorea ; Spanien ; Österreich ; Japan ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Nordeuropa ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Tourism is a major part of the contemporary experience economy, in which food plays an important role. Food is a key part of all cultures, a major element of global intangible heritage and an increasingly important attraction for tourists. The linkages between food and tourism also provide a platform for local economic development, which can be strengthened by the use of food experiences for branding and marketing destinations. One of the major challenges in the experience economy is dealing with the shift towards intangible culture and heritage. The focus of many tourists has changed from the classic 'must see' physical sights such as museums and monuments towards a ‘must-experience’ imperative to consume intangible expressions of culture, such as atmosphere, creativity and lifestyle. This provides new opportunities for tourism destinations as well as new challenges, particularly in the areas of experience development, marketing and branding. This publication provides an understanding of the role of food tourism in local economic development and its potential for country branding. It also presents several innovative case studies in the food tourism sector and the experience industry.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.1
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: With all the economic turmoil of the past several years, have you ever wished you could buy an insurance policy to protect against the effects of a global recession? Well, such an insurance policy already exists – and it’s called higher education. During the first two years of the global economic crisis, in country after country, people with a tertiary (higher) education were much less likely to be unemployed, much more likely to be participating in the labour force, and more likely to have higher earnings, compared to their less-educated counterparts. These and other findings are discussed in the first issue of the OECD’s new education brief series, Education Indicators in Focus.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264060111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de telecomunicaciones en México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of telecommunication policy and regulation in Mexico
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This publication reviews the telecommunication market in Mexico, examines the current policy and regulatory framework of the sector and puts forward proposals for reform in order to develop competition in the market.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.924
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264171848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This publication explores current global security issues, their development in West Africa and their potential impact on regional stability. It takes a close look at issues such as terrorism and trafficking, climate change, and the links between “security and development”. Some of these issues are still the object of heated debate. This book draws attention to the risk of oversimplified analyses and biased perceptions of security risks. It also highlights the need for coordinated policies and dialogue between West Africa, North Africa and OECD countries.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264116917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This report on New Zealand provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the educational evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Papers no.2012/04
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Successful deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is critically dependent on comprehensive policy support. While policy plays an important role in the deployment of many low-carbon technologies, it is especially crucial for CCS. This is because, in contrast to renewable energy or applications of energy efficiency, CCS generates no revenue, nor other market benefits, so long as there is no price on CO2 emissions. It is both costly to install and, once in place, has increased operating costs. Effective, well-designed policy support is essential in overcoming these barriers and the subsequent deployment of CCS technology. This guide for policy makers aims to assist those involved in designing national and international policies around CCS. It covers development of CCS from its early stages through to wide-scale deployment of the technology. The focus is both on incentives for conventional fossil-fuel CCS and for bioenergy with CCS (BECCS).
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.934
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.916
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.930
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.937
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.942
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Garçons et filles sont-ils également prêts à affronter l'ère numérique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Information and communication technologies revolutionise not only the speed at which information can be transmitted, but also how information is conveyed and received. Technological innovations have a profound effect on the types of skills that are demanded in today's labour markets and the types of jobs that have the greatest potential for growth. Most of these jobs now require some familiarity with, if not mastery of, navigating through digital material where readers determine the structure of what they read rather than follow the pre-established order of text as presented in a book…
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.940
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.131
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.42
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.941
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  • 71
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Does Money Buy Strong Performance in PISA?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ce numéro montre que les pays les plus performants préfèrent investir les ressources limitées dont ils disposent dans la valorisation des salaires des enseignants plutôt que dans la réduction des effectifs en classe. Ce ne sont ni les pays qui réalisent les dépenses d'éducation les plus importantes, ni les pays les plus riches ; il s'agit plutôt des pays qui s'engagent à offrir à l'ensemble de leurs élèves une éducation de qualité, forts de la conviction que la réussite est à la portée de tous.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.926
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264121850
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Slovak Republic 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Slovak Republic 2011; (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2011: (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Le programme d’examens environnementaux de l'OCDE propose des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays eu égard à leurs engagements nationaux et internationaux en matière d’environnement, ainsi que des recommandations orientées vers l’action des pouvoirs publics. Ces examens ont pour objectif de promouvoir l’apprentissage entre pairs, d’encourager les pays à rendre compte de leur action aux autres pays et à leur opinion publique, ainsi que d’améliorer les performances environnementales des gouvernements, individuellement et collectivement. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Cet ouvrage est le deuxième examen effectué par l'OCDE des performances environnementales de la République slovaque. Le précédent examen a été publié en 2002.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264075474
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Assessment Framework; Key Competencies in Reading, Mathematics and Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Assessment Framework: Key Competencies in Reading, Mathematics and Science
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cette publication présente le fondement théorique qui sous-tend l’élaboration de la dernière enquête PISA. Ce cadre retravaillé et étendu couvre non seulement l’évaluation des compétences en lecture et en compréhension de textes imprimés, mais aussi une composante innovante qui permet d’évaluer les compétences des élèves en lecture, navigation et compréhension de textes électroniques. Par ailleurs, cette publication fournit également la base d’évaluation des compétences en mathématiques et en sciences. Enfin, elle présente la théorie sur laquelle reposent les questionnaires utilisés pour rassembler des informations de la part des élèves, des établissements scolaires et des parents sur des sujets tels que le contexte familial et les approches des élèves vis-à-vis de l’apprentissage et des environnements scolaires.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.943
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.936
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264169463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dealing effectively with the challenges of transfer pricing
    Keywords: Verrechnungspreis ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Verrechnungspreis
    Abstract: This report addresses the practical administration of transfer pricing programmes by tax administrations. Technical analysis of how transfer prices should be computed in accordance with the arm’s length principle is outside the scope of this report. Instead the report focuses on the practical experiences of a number of FTA member countries and some non-member countries. The report discusses ways in which the management of transfer pricing programmes can be optimised, so that transfer pricing audits and enquiries are conducted efficiently and in a timely manner, for the benefit of MNEs and tax administrations alike. It is concerned with the practical steps tax administrations need to take to correctly identify transfer pricing cases that merit audit or enquiry and then to progress those cases to as early a conclusion as possible.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264130852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, almost one in every five students does not reach a basic minimum level of skills. In addition, students from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds are twice as likely to be low performers. Lack of fairness and inclusion can lead to school failure and this means that one in every five young adults on average drop out before completing upper secondary education. Reducing school failure pays off for both society and individuals. The highest performing education systems across OECD countries combine quality with equity. This report presents policy recommendations for education systems to help all children succeed in their schooling.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264107007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark is a leader among OECD member countries in terms of its well-designed policies for renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate change. The country is a forthright voice in international fora for climate policy and a strong advocate of tougher climate-change mitigation measures. A long history of consensus-based policy making and political stability has been leveraged to develop Denmark's far-reaching and comprehensive energy policies, and also allowed a clear long-term vision to emerge. Denmark's long-term energy goal is to become completely independent of fossil fuels use by 2050. In 2011, the government published the Energy Strategy 2050, a detailed and ambitious policy document that sets out a series of new energy-policy initiatives. The strategy aims to transform Denmark into a low-carbon society with a stable and affordable energy supply. The first phase of the strategy focuses on a series of short-term initiatives that significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels by strengthening and expanding existing policies in energy efficiency and renewable energy. The second and third phases will involve development and implementation of long-term energy solutions including building a green transport sector and promotion of smart grids. This review analyses the energy-policy challenges facing Denmark as it develops and implements the ambitious policies outlined in the Energy Strategy 2050, and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements in particular sectors. The intent of the review is to assist Danish policy makers as they move towards a sustainable, low-carbon energy future.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening development
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsstrategie ; Selbsthilfeförderung ; Umweltpolitik ; Entwicklungsmodell ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Fiskalpolitik ; Sektorale Strukturpolitik ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: This policy guidance outlines a number of steps to be considered when building capacity for greening national development planning, national budgetary processes and key economic sector strategies. It identifies the key actors to be engaged in the decision making processes, outlines possible capacity needs and suggests how these can be addressed. This policy guidance is intended to support developing countries in their efforts to move to a greener development path. It is also intended to assist development co-operation and environment agencies in their efforts to support that process.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173507
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: The Slovak Republic imports virtually all of its natural gas and crude oil from a single supplier, the Russian Federation. Energy security is therefore an overarching concern and priority in the Slovak Republic'fs energy policy agenda. The government is taking steps to diversify supplies and build on lessons learned from the gas supply disruption in 2009. Enhancing regional co-operation, particularly in the development of gas and electricity interconnections, is an essential step towards meeting the dual policy objectives of enhancing energy security and market competition. The Slovak Republic has moved forward with coupling its electricity market with the Czech Republic's, and supports the construction of a North-South pipeline connection that would link planned LNG terminals in Croatia and Poland, including an interconnector to Hungary. Despite a sharp decline in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 1990, the Slovak Republic remains a GHG-intensive economy by OECD standards, with energy-related CO2 emissions accounting for over 70% of total GHG emissions. The country must continue to implement policies that ease the transition to a low-carbon economy. Nuclear power and renewable energy can play crucial roles in the Slovak Republic'fs efforts to decarbonise its electricity production. Significant efforts can also be made to improve energy efficiency, especially in the transport and building sectors. District heating is a notable area with huge potential for reducing national GHG emissions. This review analyses the energy-policy challenges currently facing the Slovak Republic, and provides sectoral studies and recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to help guide the country towards a more secure and sustainable energy future.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264119970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blöchliger, Hansjörg, 1961 - Reforming fiscal federalism and local government
    Keywords: 2001-2009 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Finanzausgleich ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; OECD ; Fiskalföderalismus ; Finanzausgleich ; Gemeindeverwaltung ; Geschichte 2001-2009
    Abstract: This book describes and examines reforms of fiscal federalism and local government in 10 OECD countries implemented over the past decade. The country chapters identify common patterns and factors that are conducive to reforms of the intergovernmental fiscal framework, using a common methodological approach. The summary chapter highlights the cross-cutting issues emerging from the country chapters and shows the key factors in the institutional, political, economic and fiscal areas that are supporting reform success. The report’s approach results in valuable insights for policy makers designing, adopting and implementing fiscal federalism and local government reforms.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.925
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.929
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Papers no.2012/03
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Public opinion related to the consumption of coal is directed primarily to its environmental impact in light of ongoing efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and tackle global climate change. Nevertheless, the benefits of coal as a widely available and relatively cheap source of energy underscores its important role in energy security, economic development and the alleviation of energy poverty worldwide. Further development and commercial availability of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies will harness the potential of coal and its contribution to sustainable and equal energy spaces.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.54
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Sovereign Borrowing and Public Debt Management no.3
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: To facilitate individuals to adjust their skills to changes in market demands, Sweden has a relatively generous policy to stimulate formal adult education at the compulsory, upper secondary and tertiary levels. This paper provides an overview of what research has reported to assess if and/or how it may be an efficient use of tax payers’ money. Some institutional factors are also briefly presented to discuss what is likely to be required for such a policy to exist in a particular country.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119901
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (109 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fisheries and Aquaculture Certification
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Les préoccupations concernant la durabilité et l'efficacité de la gestion des pêches de la part du public ont donné lieu à la demande des ONG, des détaillants et les consommateurs l'assurance que les aliments qu'ils achètent a été d'une production durable. Cela a conduit à un certain nombre d'entités privées qui ont répondu à cette demande en mettant en place les éco-labels et systèmes de certification qui prétendent fournir des informations crédibles pour le consommateur. Ces étiquettes ont l'intention de servir l'intérêt des pêcheurs et les transformateurs qui ont besoin de transmettre des informations positives pour le consommateur à maintenir leurs marchés, et de servir les consommateurs en fournissant des informations disponibles ailleurs pas. Ce rapport considère la tendance croissante des besoins en information pour les produits de la mer en général, et en particulier aux caractéristiques de durabilité des pêches de capture distinctes sauvages et de l'aquaculture. Ce travail se réfère principalement aux systèmes de certification privés axés sur qui sont devenus une caractéristique ancrée sur le marché pour les éco-labels dans les pêcheries et l'aquaculture. Le rapport met l'accent sur ​​l'éco-étiquetage privé et analyse les aspects économiques des systèmes de certification, discute des principaux enjeux à l'interface entre les pouvoirs publics, les systèmes d'étiquetage privés, les exploitants et les consommateurs. Enfin, les principales conclusions et les messages aux décideurs sont adressées.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264177826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (153 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: A central safety function of radioactive waste disposal repositories is the prevention or sufficient retardation of radionuclide migration to the biosphere. Performance assessment exercises in various countries, and for a range of disposal scenarios, have demonstrated that one of the most important processes providing this safety function is the sorption of radionuclides along potential migration paths beyond the engineered barriers. Thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are key for improving confidence in assumptions made about such radionuclide sorption when preparing a repository's safety case. This report presents guidelines for TSM development as well as their application in repository performance assessments. They will be of particular interest to the sorption modelling community and radionuclide migration modellers in developing safety cases for radioactive waste disposal.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264176072
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: Online-Ressource (195 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264178267
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; China ; Taxation ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This roadmap explores the potential improvement of existing technologies to enhance the average fuel economy of motorised vehicles; the roadmap’s vision is to achieve a 30% to 50% reduction in fuel use per kilometre from new road vehicles including 2-wheelers, LDV s and HDV s) around the world in 2030, and from the stock of all vehicles on the road by 2050. This achievement would contribute to significant reductions in GHG emissions and oil use, compared to a baseline projection. Different motorised modes are treated separately, with a focus on LDV s, HDV s and powered two-wheelers. A section on in-use fuel economy also addresses technical and nontechnical parameters that could allow fuel economy to drastically improve over the next decades. Technology cost analysis and payback time show that significant progress can be made with low or negative cost for fuel-efficient vehicles over their lifetime use. Even though the latest data analysed by the IEA for fuel economy between 2005 and 2008 showed that a gap exists in achieving the roadmap’s vision, cutting the average fuel economy of road motorised vehicles by 30% to 50% by 2030 is achievable, and the policies and technologies that could help meet this challenge are already deployed in many places around the world.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264185401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 460 ; Méthode d'essai de diffusion de fluorescéine pour identifier les substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay that may be used for identifying water soluble ocular corrosives and severe irritants as defined by the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling, Category 1. The assay is performed in a well where a confluent monolayer of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) is used as a separation between two chambers. It uses a fluorescein dye as marqueur. The test substance has the potential to impair the junctions of the MDCK cells and thus to increase the monolayer¡¯s permeability. Consequently the fluorescein passes through the monolayer and the fluorescein leakage (FL) increases. The FL is calculated as a percentage of leakage relative to both a blank control and a maximum leakage control. The concentration of test substance that causes 20% FL (FL20, in mg/mL) is calculated and used in the prediction model for identification of ocular corrosive and severe irritants. The cut-off value of FL20 to identify water soluble chemicals as ocular corrosives/severe irritants is ¡Ü 100mg/mL. The FL test method should be part of a tiered testing strategy.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264168800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Tschechien ; Taxation ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This Recommendation is the first international instrument to address regulatory policy, management and governance as a whole-of-government activity. It sets out the measures by which governments can implement or advance regulatory reform.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264168688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. VET in Mexico plays an important social role and numerous recent initiatives illustrate the country’s will to address the challenges faced by its VET system and integrate VET into a broad framework of lifelong learning. At the same time, the Mexican VET system faces some challenges, including ineffective co-ordination and coherence within the VET system, weak linkages between employers and VET, and insufficient pedagogical preparation of teachers and trainers. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185524
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229; Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). L’essai à court terme de reproduction a été validé chez le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), qui est donc l’espèce de prédilection. L’essai est mené avec trois niveaux de concentration chimique et les contrôles appropriés, y compris un contrôle contenant le solvent si nécessaire. Pour le tête-de-boule, quatre réplicats sont utilisés pour chaque niveau de concentration et contrôle(s). Pendant toute la durée de l’essai, la fécondité est en outre évaluée quotidiennement sur le plan quantitatif. A l’issue de cette période d’exposition de 21 jours, deux bio-marqueurs sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur le système endocrinien ; ces bio-marqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. Les gonades sont préservées et l’histopathologie gonadique peut être utilisée pour évaluer l’adaptation du système reproducteur des animaux testés et pour confirmer les éléments de preuve apportés par les autres bio-marqueurs.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 405 ; Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur les yeux
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance (liquids, solids and aerosols) by application on the eye. This Test Guideline is intended preferably for use with albino rabbit. The test substance is applied in a single dose in the conjunctival sac of one eye of each animal. The other eye, which remains untreated, serves as a control. The initial test uses an animal; the dose level depends on the test substance nature. A confirmatory test should be made if a corrosive effect is not observed in the initial test, the irritant or negative response should be confirmed using up to two additional animals. It is recommended that it be conducted in a sequential manner in one animal at a time, rather than exposing the two additional animals simultaneously. The duration of the observation period should be sufficient to evaluate fully the magnitude and reversibility of the effects observed. The eyes should be examined at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after test substance application. The ocular irritation scores should be evaluated in conjunction with the nature and severity of lesions, and their reversibility or lack of reversibility. Use of topical anesthetics and systemic analgesics to avoid or minimize pain and distress in ocular safety testing procedures is described.
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