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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1.148)
  • 2005-2009  (1.148)
  • World Bank  (1.099)
  • Schlee, Günther  (49)
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  • 1
    Buch
    Buch
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Sprache: Englisch
    Serie: Integration and conflict studies ...
    Schlagwort(e): Group identity ; Ethnicity ; Africa, Northeast Ethnic relations ; Africa, Northeast Social conditions ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Afrika Nordost ; Gruppenidentität
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  • 2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 S
    Serie: Working Papers / Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology 116
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Donahoe, Brian The formation and mobilization of collective identities in situations of conflict and integration
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Ethnology Methodology ; Group identity ; Identity (Psychology) ; Social conflict ; Social integration ; Konflikt ; Gruppenidentität ; Integration
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781845459635
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 270 Seiten)
    Serie: Integration and conflict studies Volume 3
    Serie: Integration and conflict studies
    DDC: 305.800963
    Schlagwort(e): Group identity ; Ethnicity ; Africa, Northeast Ethnic relations ; Africa, Northeast Social conditions ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Forms of group identity play a prominent role in everyday lives and politics in north-east Africa. These volumes provide an interdisciplinary account of the nature and significance of ethnic, religious, and national identity in north-east Africa. Case studies from Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya illustrate the way that identities are formed and change over time, and how local, national, and international politics are interwoven. Specific attention is paid to the impact of modern weaponry, new technologies, religious conversion, food and land shortages, international borders, civil war, and displacement on group identities. Drawing on the expertise of anthropologists, historians and geographers, these volumes provide a significant account of a society profoundly shaped by identity politics and contribute to a better understanding of the nature of conflict and war, and forms of alliance and peacemaking, thus providing a comprehensive portrait of this troubled region.
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  • 4
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Anthropos 104(2009), 2, Seite 571-578 | volume:104 | year:2009 | number:2 | pages:571-578
    ISSN: 0257-9774
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Anthropos
    Publ. der Quelle: Baden-Baden : Academia Verlag in the Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 1906
    Angaben zur Quelle: 104(2009), 2, Seite 571-578
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:104
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:571-578
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  • 5
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Krisenmanagement in Afrika (2009), Seite 159-178 | year:2009 | pages:159-178
    ISBN: 9783205782223
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Krisenmanagement in Afrika
    Publ. der Quelle: Wien : Böhlau, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 159-178
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:159-178
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  • 6
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 1: Ethiopia and Kenya (2009), Seite 203-223 | year:2009 | pages:203-223
    ISBN: 1845456033
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 1: Ethiopia and Kenya
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 203-223
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:203-223
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  • 7
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 2: Sudan, Uganda, and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands (2009), Seite 117-135 | year:2009 | pages:117-135
    ISBN: 9781845456047
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 2: Sudan, Uganda, and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 117-135
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:117-135
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 1: Ethiopia and Kenya (2009), Seite 1-13 | year:2009 | pages:1-13
    ISBN: 1845456033
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 1: Ethiopia and Kenya
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 1-13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-13
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  • 9
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 2: Sudan, Uganda, and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands (2009), Seite 157-178 | year:2009 | pages:157-178
    ISBN: 9781845456047
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 2: Sudan, Uganda, and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 157-178
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:157-178
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 2: Sudan, Uganda, and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands (2009), Seite 1-27 | year:2009 | pages:1-27
    ISBN: 9781845456047
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 2: Sudan, Uganda, and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 1-27
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-27
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  • 11
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    In:  Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 1: Ethiopia and Kenya (2009), Seite 15-31 | year:2009 | pages:15-31
    ISBN: 1845456033
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Titel der Quelle: Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa ; Vol. 1: Ethiopia and Kenya
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Berghahn, 2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2009), Seite 15-31
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:15-31
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 420 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: Online edition s.l.
    Serie: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 302.23
    Schlagwort(e): Democracy ; Journalism / Political aspects ; Mass media / Political aspects ; Press and politics ; Representative government and representation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction : framing the debate. Evaluating media performance / Pippa Norris and Sina OdugbemiDiagnostic tools and performance indicators / Andrew Puddephatt -- The democratic roles of media systems : agenda setters, setting priorities. Media coverage of natural disasters and humanitarian crises / Susan D. Moeller -- Media agenda setting and donor aid / Douglas A. Van Belle -- Watchdogs : guarding governance. Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media / Sheila S. Coronel -- The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement / Katrin Voltmer -- Gate keepers : inclusive voices. Election campaigns, partisan balance, and the news media / Holli A. Semetko -- Limits on press freedom and regime support / Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart -- Media in the peace-building process : Ethiopia and Iraq / Monroe E. Price, Ibrahim Al-Marashi, and Nicole A. Stremlau -- Regional case studies of media roles. Central and Eastern Europe / Marius Dragomir -- Sub-Saharan Africa / Wisdom J. Tettey -- Latin America / Silvio Waisbord -- Arab States / Lawrence Pintak -- Asia / Angela Romano -- Conclusions : summing up the evidence, identifying effective policy options. Assessing the extent to which the news media act as watchdogs, agenda setters, and gatekeepers / Sina Odugbemi and Pippa Norris -- Policy recommendations / Sina Odugbemi and Pippa Norris.
    Anmerkung: "Originated with a workshop held in May 2007 at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government"--Pref. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 411-415) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 119 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: Online edition s.l.
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    Serie: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.2350982
    Schlagwort(e): Youth / Argentina / Social conditions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 188 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: Online edition s.l.
    Serie: Latin American development forum series
    Serie: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.23109729
    Schlagwort(e): Child development / Caribbean Area ; Child development / Latin America ; Child welfare / Caribbean Area ; Child welfare / Latin America ; Children / Caribbean Area / Social conditions ; Children / Latin America / Social conditions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-173) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4805
    Schlagwort(e): Public corruption ; Public corruption ; Public utilities Corrupt practices ; Public utilities Corrupt practices ; Public corruption ; Public corruption ; Public utilities Corrupt practices ; Public utilities Corrupt practices
    Kurzfassung: "This paper discusses mechanisms of grand corruption in private sector utility provision in developing countries. By the term "grand corruption," the authors abstract from the petty corruption that consumers experience - for example, when firms and individuals pay bribes to get water delivery or an electricity connection. The paper focuses on decisions made at the government level involving private sector management, ownership, and provision of utility services. Corruption at that level may influence the pace and nature of private sector involvement and competition in utilities, as well as the level and form of investments, subsidies, and prices. On the basis of a literature review and interviews with firms and regulating authorities in two countries, Tanzania and the Philippines, this paper discusses the levels and determinants of grand corruption in utilities. The paper concludes by discussing a research program to extend this knowledge through a cross-country survey instrument. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4804
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and banking ; Privatization ; Banks and banking ; Privatization
    Kurzfassung: "Profitability improvements after the privatization of a large state-owned bank might come at the expense of reduced access to financial services for some groups, especially the rural poor. The privatization of Tanzania's National Bank of Commerce provides a unique episode for studying this issue. The bank was split into the "new" National Bank of Commerce, a commercial bank that assumed most of the original bank's assets and liabilities, and the National Microfinance Bank, which assumed most of the branch network and the mandate to foster access to financial services. The new National Bank of Commerce's profitability and portfolio quality improved although credit growth was slow, in line with privatization experiences in other developing countries. Finding a buyer for the National Microfinance Bank proved very difficult, although after years under contract management by private banking consultants, Rabobank of the Netherlands emerged as a purchaser. Profitability has since improved and lending has slowly grown, while the share of non-performing loans remains low. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9781845459574
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 260 Seiten)
    Serie: Integration and conflict studies Volume 2
    Serie: Integration and conflict studies
    DDC: 305.800963
    Schlagwort(e): Group identity ; Ethnicity ; Africa, Northeast Ethnic relations ; Africa, Northeast Social conditions
    Kurzfassung: Forms of group identity play a prominent role in everyday lives and politics in northeast Africa. Case studies from Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya illustrate the way that identities are formed and change over time, and how local, national, and international politics are interwoven. Specific attention is paid to the impact of modern weaponry, new technologies, religious conversion, food and land shortages, international borders, civil war, and displacement on group identities. Drawing on the expertise of anthropologists, historians and geographers, these volumes provide a significant account of a society profoundly shaped by identity politics and contribute to a better understanding of the nature of conflict and war, and forms of alliance and peacemaking, thus providing a comprehensive portrait of this troubled region.
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 18
    ISBN: 0821377906 , 0821379143 , 9780821377901 , 9780821379141
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 100 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Agriculture and rural development
    DDC: 338.3/727
    Schlagwort(e): Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Global trends in fisheriesThe economic performance of world marine capture fisheries -- Estimate of net economic loss in the global marine fishery -- Results -- The way forward.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378601
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (219 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Global Monitoring Report
    Kurzfassung: A Development Emergency: the title of this year's Global Monitoring Report, the sixth in an annual series, could not be more apt. The global economic crisis, the most severe since the Great Depression, is rapidly turning into a human and development crisis. No region is immune. The poor countries are especially vulnerable, as they have the least cushion to withstand events. The crisis, coming on the heels of the food and fuel crises, poses serious threats to their hard-won gains in boosting economic growth and reducing poverty. It is pushing millions back into poverty and putting at risk the very survival of many. The prospect of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, already a cause for serious concern, now looks even more distant. A global crisis must be met with a global response. The crisis began in the financial markets of developed countries, so the first order of business must be to stabilize these markets and counter the recession that the financial turmoil has triggered. At the same time, strong and urgent actions are needed to counter the impact of the crisis on developing countries and help them restore strong growth while protecting the poor. Global Monitoring Report 2009, prepared jointly by the staff of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, provides a development perspective on the global economic crisis. It assesses the impact on developing countries, their growth, poverty reduction, and other MDGs. And it sets out priorities for policy response, both by developing countries themselves and by the international community. This report also focuses on the ways in which the private sector can be better mobilized in support of development goals, especially in the aftermath of the crisis
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378588
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: This new addition to the 'Little DataBook' series presents at-a-glance tables for over 140 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378023 , 9780821378021
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 271 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.1
    Schlagwort(e): Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: OverviewBackground country study for Kenya -- Background country study for Zambia -- Background country study for Rwanda -- Background country study for the Dominican Republic.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 0821380176 , 0821380192 , 9780821380178 , 9780821380192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xlix, 311 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 337.1/729
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy
    Kurzfassung: The main objective of this report is to help policymakers in the Caribbean design an agenda of policy actions to accelerate trade integration and growth, and to reduce poverty. Each part of the report focuses on a key question and provides an in-depth analysis of the issues raised, laying the foundations for policy recommendations described in the last chapter of the report. Part I asks whether the Caribbean's economic and trade system are sound enough to sustain the new era of its global trade relations. Part II addresses the opportunities and challenges that the new trade environment offers to the Caribbean. Part III assesses the impact of the recently-negotiated Economic Partnership Agreement on growth and poverty reduction using two types of macroeconomic models. The report concludes with policy priorities for accelerating Caribbean integration into the world economy and for reaping the benefits of global competition.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: pt. 1. Overview of economic and trade system context. Macroeconomic and structural constraints on trade reform in the CaribbeanCaribbean regional and global trading relations -- Trade patterns and flows, and competitiveness issues -- pt. 2. Challenges and new opportunities. New areas of opportunities and challenges -- Capitalizing on a changing international environment -- pt. 3. Quantifying the impact of trade reform on growth, job creation, and poverty. Quantifying the gains from global trade integration : a dynamic macroeconomic analysis -- From diagnosis to policy recommendations.
    Anmerkung: "Document of the World Bank and the Organization of American States, co-produced with the Governments of CARIFORUM Countries , Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-311)
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Ausgabe: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Schlagwort(e): Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379992 , 082138001X , 9780821379998 , 9780821380017
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxxii, 150 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    Schlagwort(e): Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Sierra Leone ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961-
    Kurzfassung: This publication addresses the question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. The publication is a collection of eight papers written by authors who were closely involved in the decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003-07. During this period, Sierra Leone's government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone's progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone's progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this reform process is the leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction / Yongmei ZhouEstablishing the legislative, political and administrative framework for local government and decentralization in Sierra Leone / Emmanuel Gaima -- Fiscal decentralization : building the financial capacity of local governments / Adams Sanpha Kargbo -- Administrative decentralization : building the non-financial capacity of local governments / Alhassan Kanu -- Decentralization in practice / Katherine Whiteside Casey -- Impact of decentralization on public services : evidence to date / Elizabeth Foster and Rachel Glennester -- Civic engagement in local governance / Yongmei Zhou and Ye Zhang -- Landscape of local authority in Sierra Leone : how traditional and modern justice and governance systems interact / Ryann Elizabeth Manning -- Reflections and conclusions on positives and problems resulting from devolution to date / Emmanuel Gaima.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379348 , 0821379550 , 9780821379349 , 9780821379554
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xvii, 282 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.1209172/4
    Schlagwort(e): International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade ; Labor ; Labor market ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Overview: the promises and perils of globalization / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.]A review of the globailization literature: implications for employment, wages, and labor standards / Drusilla Brown -- Globalization and working conditions : a framework for county studies / Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Cambodia / Samsen Neak and Raymond Robertson -- The effect of globalization on working conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Honduras / Douglas Marcouiller and Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions: evidence from Indonesia / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.] -- Export processing zones in Madagascar: the impact of the dismantling of clothing quotas on employment and labor standards / Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380060 , 0821380079 , 9780821380062 , 9780821380079
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxix, 167 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 338.4/33621009598
    Schlagwort(e): Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform economics ; Insurance, Health economics ; National Health Programs economics ; Population Dynamics ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; Population Dynamics
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Socioeconomic and health systems contextIndonesia's health financing system -- Assessment of health financing performance -- Key policy issues, options, and costs -- Policy options : finding resources for health -- Conclusions and next steps.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159) and index
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  • 27
    ISBN: 0821377205 , 0821377213 , 9780821377208 , 9780821377215
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xviii, 257 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Africa human development series
    DDC: 372.16096
    Schlagwort(e): Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education ; Education, Primary ; Rural development projects ; School buildings
    Anmerkung: "Education For All Fast Track Initiative , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4813
    Paralleltitel: Lokshin, Michael Month of birth and children's health in India
    Schlagwort(e): Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene ; Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene
    Kurzfassung: "The authors use data from three waves of the India National Family Health Survey to explore the relationship between the month of birth and the health outcomes of young children in India. They find that children born during the monsoon months have lower anthropometric scores compared with children born during the fall and winter months. The authors propose and test four hypotheses that could explain such a correlation. The results emphasize the importance of seasonal variations in affecting environmental conditions at the time of birth and determining the health outcomes of young children in India. Policy interventions that affect these conditions could effectively impact the health and achievement of these children, in a manner similar to nutrition and micronutrient supplementation programs. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4814
    Paralleltitel: Chen, Dandan Vocational schooling, labor market outcomes, and college entry
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Secondary ; Vocational education ; Education, Secondary ; Vocational education
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the differentiated outcomes of vocational and general secondary academic education, particularly in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data from a panel of two waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 1997 and 2000, the paper tracks a cohort of high school students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and/or earnings premium; (2) attendance at vocational schools leads to significantly lower academic achievement as measured by national test scores; and (3) There is no stigma attached to attendance at vocational schools that results in a disadvantage in access to tertiary education; rather, it is the lower academic achievement associated with attendance at vocational school that lowers the likelihood of entering college. The empirical approach of this paper addresses two limitations of the existing literature in this area. First, it takes into account the observation censoring issue due to college entry when evaluating labor market outcomes of secondary school graduates. Second, using an instrumental variable approach, the paper also treats endogeneity of household choice of vocational versus academic track of secondary education, teasing out the net effect of secondary school choice on labor market and schooling outcomes. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4821
    Paralleltitel: Wagstaff, Adam Social health insurance vs. tax-financed health systems
    Schlagwort(e): Health insurance ; Health insurance
    Kurzfassung: "This paper exploits the transitions between tax-financed health care and social health insurance in the OECD countries over the period 1960-2006 to assess the effects of adopting social health insurance over tax finance on per capita health spending, amenable mortality, and labor market outcomes. The paper uses regression-based generalizations of difference-in-differences and instrumental variables to address the possible endogeneity of a country's health system. It finds that adopting social health insurance in preference to tax financing increases per capita health spending by 3-4 percent, reduces the formal sector share of employment by 8-10 percent, and reduces total employment by as much as 6 percent. For the most part, social health insurance adoption has no significant impact on amenable mortality, but for one cause-breast cancer among women-social health insurance systems perform significantly worse, with 5-6 percent more potential years of life lost. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4822
    Paralleltitel: V. Del Carpio, Ximena Leveling the intra-household playing field
    Schlagwort(e): Child labor ; Transfer payments ; Child labor ; Transfer payments
    Kurzfassung: "This paper analyzes changes in the allocation of child labor within the household in reaction to exogenous shocks created by a social program in Nicaragua. The paper shows that households that randomly received a conditional cash transfer compensated for some of the intra-household differences, as they reduced child labor more for older boys who used to work more and for boys who were further behind in school. The results also show that households that randomly received a productive investment grant, in addition to the basic conditional cash transfer benefits, both targeted at women, show an increased specialization of older girls in nonagricultural and domestic work, but no overall increase in girls' child labor. The findings suggest that time allocation and specialization patterns in child labor within the household are important factors to understand the impact of a social program. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4825
    Paralleltitel: Obermaier, Andreas J Cross-border purchases of health services
    Schlagwort(e): Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical care
    Kurzfassung: "This paper explores the structure of cross-border health purchasing between Austria and Hungary and determines the size of this phenomenon as well as the barriers to a further increase. Austrian patients may receive health care treatment in Hungary in three different ways. First, patients may receive benefits in the context of the European Community Regulations 1408/71 and 574/72 (Category I patients). Second, outside those regulatory structures, Austrian patients travel to Hungary to receive medical treatment, especially dental treatment, and then seek reimbursement from their Austrian insurance (Category II patients). Third, some patients receive medical treatment in Hungary outside both schemes (Category III patients). There are about 42,500 Category I patients per year; and 58,000 Category II patients world-wide per year. An unknown but supposedly greater number of patients travel to Hungary to receive mainly dental treatment and cosmetic surgery (Category III). Most health actors in both Austria and Hungary do not regard cross-border purchasing of health services as having cost-saving effects. They put forward major legal, institutional, political, and psychological barriers, which inhibit public and private Austrian providers, to facilitate trade in health care and which inhibit individual patients to realize cost savings through capitalizing on lower health care prices in Hungary. Therefore, for the time being, trade in health care and patient mobility between Austria and Hungary is a circumscribed phenomenon in terms of quantities, and it will most probably remain so in the near future. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4827
    Paralleltitel: Docquier, Frédéric Measuring skilled migration rates
    Schlagwort(e): Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration ; Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration
    Kurzfassung: "Recent changes in information and communication technologies have contributed to a dramatic increase in the degree of integration and interdependency of countries, markets, and people. Against this background, one aspect of particular concern for small states is the international movement of people. This paper focuses on this particularly important aspect of globalization, with emphasis on the movement of skilled people and its relationship with country size. In addition to overall skilled migration, it provides evidence that controls for migration age in order to distinguish between those educated in the home country and those educated abroad. The authors discuss the growth implications of the brain drain from small countries and policies that may help control it. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4832
    Paralleltitel: L. Cropper, Maureen Valuing mortality and morbidity in the context of disaster risks
    Schlagwort(e): Disasters ; Mortality ; Disasters ; Mortality
    Kurzfassung: "Benefit-cost analyses of disaster risk reduction (DRR) projects are an important tool for evaluating the efficiency of such projects, and an important input into decision making. These analyses, however, often fail to monetize the benefits of reduced death and injury. The authors review the literature on valuing reduced death and injury, and suggest methods for calculating order-of-magnitude estimates of these benefits. Because few empirical estimates of the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) are available for developing countries, methods for transferring estimates from high income to middle and low income countries are reviewed. The authors suggest using the range of values implied by an income elasticity of 1.0 and an elasticity of 1.5. With regard to injury valuation they discuss arguments for and against monetizing Quality Adjusted Life Years, and provide shortcuts to valuing injuries that may be used to assess their importance in DRR benefit-cost analyses. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 35
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4834
    Paralleltitel: Gawande, Kishore S Foreign informational lobbying can enhance tourism
    Schlagwort(e): Lobbying ; Lobbying ; Tourism ; Lobbying ; Lobbying ; Tourism
    Kurzfassung: "There exist legal channels for informational lobbying of U.S. policymakers by foreign principals. Foreign governments and private sector principals frequently and intensively use this institutional channel to lobby on trade and tourism issues. This paper empirically studies whether such lobbying effectively achieves its goal of trade promotion in the context of Caribbean tourism, and suggests the potential for using foreign lobbying as a vehicle for development. Panel data are used to explore and quantify the association between foreign lobbying by Caribbean principals and U.S. tourist arrivals to Caribbean destinations. A variety of sensitivity analyses support the finding of a strong association. The policy implications are obvious and potentially important for developing countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4840
    Paralleltitel: Lederman, Daniel The business of product innovation
    Schlagwort(e): New products ; Technological innovations ; New products ; Technological innovations
    Kurzfassung: "It is so widely recognized that innovation is a key driver of economic growth that it is cliche to say so. This article studies product innovation by firms with data from 68 countries, covering more than 25,000 firms in eight manufacturing sectors. The author assesses the predictions of inter-disciplinary research on innovation by firms. The econometric evidence suggests that globalization and local knowledge increase the likelihood that firms will introduce new products. By contrast, domestic regulatory impediments to competition are not robustly correlated with product innovation. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4841
    Paralleltitel: Anós Casero, Paloma What drives firm productivity growth ?
    Schlagwort(e): Industrial productivity ; Industrial productivity
    Kurzfassung: "This paper presents new evidence on the causal links between changes in the business environment and firm productivity growth. It contributes to the literature in three important aspects. First, it constructs a unique database merging information from two large firm-level databases. The samples of both databases are merged on four criteria-country, sub-national location, firm size, and year-producing a panel of 22,004 firms in eight economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia,, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. Second, the paper addresses shortcomings of earlier studies, namely reverse causation, multicollinearity, and unreliable productivity estimates. Firm productivity growth is estimated drawing on corporate financial data from manufacturing firms included in the AMADEUS database. Changes in the business environment are estimated from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys conducted in 2002 and 2005. Multicollinearity problems in the full model regression are mitigated by constructing a set of six aggregate indicators of the business environment (using principal component analysis). The paper finds that, over the period 2001 to 2004, an increase of one standard deviation in infrastructure quality, financial development, governance, labor market flexibility, labor quality, and market competition raises the total factor productivity of the average firm by 9.8, 7.8, 3.2, 3.4, 5.8, and 3 percent, respectively. Lastly, the paper decomposes firm productivity growth and ranks the relative impact of changes in these six aspects of the business environment by country, by firm size, and by industry. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4844
    Paralleltitel: Ravallion, Martin Weakly relative poverty
    Schlagwort(e): Poverty ; Poverty
    Kurzfassung: "Prevailing measures of relative poverty put an implausibly high weight on relative deprivation, such that measured poverty does not fall when all incomes grow at the same rate. This stems from the (implicit) assumption in past measures that very poor people incur a negligible cost of social inclusion. That assumption is inconsistent with evidence on the social roles of certain private expenditures in poor settings and with data on national poverty lines. The authors propose a new schedule of "weakly relative" lines that relax this assumption and estimate the implied poverty measures for 116 developing countries. The authors find that there is more relative poverty than past estimates have suggested. In 2005, one half of the population of the developing world lived in relative poverty, half of whom were absolutely poor. The total number of relatively poor rose over 1981-2005, despite falling numbers of absolutely poor. With sustained economic growth, the incidence of relative poverty becomes less responsive to further growth. Slower progress against relative poverty can thus be seen as the "other side of the coin" to success against absolute poverty. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4845
    Paralleltitel: Farchy, Emily The impact of EU accession on human capital formation
    Schlagwort(e): Brain drain ; Human capital ; Brain drain ; Human capital
    Kurzfassung: "Can a brain drain be good for development? Many studies have established the theoretical possibility of such a brain gain. Yet it is only recently that the relaxation of data constraints has allowed for sound empirical assessments. In utilizing the dramatic policy change that accompanied European Union accession as a natural experiment, this paper is able to assuage fears of reverse causality between migration and human capital formation. The results highlight a significant impact of European Union accession on human capital formation indicating that the prospect of migration can indeed fuel skill formation even in the context of middle-income economies. And, if accompanied by policies to promote return migration, as well as a functioning credit market to enable private investment, international labor mobility could represent a powerful tool for growth. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 40
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4847
    Paralleltitel: Rogers, F. Halsey No more cutting class?
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence ; Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence
    Kurzfassung: "Expanding and improving basic education in developing countries requires, at a minimum, teachers who are present in the classroom and motivated to teach, but this essential input is often missing. This paper describes the findings of a series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits reveal that teachers are absent at high rates in countries such as India, Indonesia, Uganda, Ecuador, and Zambia, reducing the quality of schooling for children, especially in rural, remote, and poor areas. More broadly, poor teacher management and low levels of teacher accountability afflict many developing-country education systems. The paper presents evidence on these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and performance and reduce avoidable absenteeism. It concludes with policy options for developing countries to explore as they work to meet Education for All goals and improve quality. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4851
    Paralleltitel: Ianchovichina, Elena Inclusive growth analytics
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Economic development ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964- ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964-
    Kurzfassung: "This paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, applied country-specific poverty and growth analyses have been done separately. This paper describes the conceptual elements for an analytical strategy aimed to integrate these two strands of analyses, and to identify and prioritize country-specific constraints to sustained and inclusive growth. The authors apply the framework to the case of Zambia. The analysis suggests that income growth in Zambia is constrained by poor access to domestic and international markets, inputs, extension services, and information. High indirect costs - mostly attributable to infrastructure service-related inputs in production including energy, transport, telecom, water, but also insurance, marketing, and professional services - undermine Zambia's competitiveness, limit job creation, and therefore serve as a major constraint to inclusive growth. Improving the quality and access to secondary and tertiary education is essential if the poor are to benefit from future growth of the non-farm economy. Weak governance and, in particular, poor government effectiveness are factors behind the market coordination failures and the identified government failures, and are as such major obstacles to inclusive growth in Zambia. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4856
    Paralleltitel: Söderbom, Måns Market integration and structural transformation in a poor rural economy
    Schlagwort(e): Rural development ; Rural development
    Kurzfassung: "By developing a simple theoretical model of the impact of market integration on sectoral output and employment in a poor rural setting, this paper demonstrates that trade can induce asymmetric growth. Under certain, plausible, assumptions, the non-farm sector will grow much faster than the agricultural sector when markets become integrated. Promoting market integration may thus be an effective way of encouraging diversification beyond agriculture and catalysing structural change in poor rural economies. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4858
    Paralleltitel: Lanjouw, Peter Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and non-farm employment in rural India
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Kurzfassung: "The authors analyze five rounds of National Sample Survey data covering 1983, 1987/8, 1993/4, 1999/0, and 2004/5 to explore the relationship between rural diversification and poverty. Poverty in rural India declined at a modest rate during this period. The authors provide region-level estimates that illustrate considerable geographic heterogeneity in this progress. Poverty estimates correlate well with region-level data on changes in agricultural wage rates. Agricultural labor remains the preserve of the uneducated and also to a large extent of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Although agricultural labor grew as a share of total economic activity over the first four rounds, it had fallen back to the levels observed at the beginning of the survey period by 2004. This all-India trajectory masks widely varying trends across states. During this period, the rural non-farm sector grew modestly, mainly between the last two survey rounds. Regular non-farm employment remains largely associated with education levels and social status that are rare among the poor. However, casual labor and self-employment in the non-farm sector reveal greater involvement by disadvantaged groups in 2004 than in the preceding rounds. The implication for poverty is not immediately clear - the poor may be pushed into low-return casual non-farm activities due to lack of opportunities in the agricultural sector rather than being pulled by high returns offered by the non-farm sector. Econometric estimates reveal that expansion of the non-farm sector is associated with falling poverty via two routes: a direct impact on poverty that is likely due to a pro-poor marginal incidence of non-farm employment expansion; and an indirect impact attributable to the positive effect of non-farm employment growth on agricultural wages. The analysis also confirms the important contribution to rural poverty reduction from agricultural productivity, availability of land, and consumption levels in proximate urban areas. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4864
    Paralleltitel: Lloyd, P. J How do agricultural policy restrictions to global trade and welfare differ across commodities ?
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state
    Kurzfassung: "For decades the world's agricultural markets have been highly distorted by national government policies, but very differently for different commodities. Hence a weighted average across countries of nominal rates of assistance or consumer tax equivalents for a product can be misleading as an indicator of the trade or welfare effects of policies affecting that product's global market. This is especially the case when some countries tax and others subsidize its production or consumption. This article develops a new set of more-satisfactory indicators for that purpose, drawing on the recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes. It then exploits a global agricultural distortions database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate the first set of estimates of those two indicators for each of 28 key agricultural commodities from 1960 to 2004, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for more than three-quarters of the world's production of those agricultural commodities. These reveal the considerable extent of reforms in agricultural policies of developing as well as high-income countries over the past two decades. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4868
    Paralleltitel: Van Kooten, G. C Wind power development
    Schlagwort(e): Wind power ; Wind power
    Kurzfassung: "This study reviews the prospects of wind power at the global level. Existing studies indicate that the earth's wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1 percent of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40 percent annual growth in wind generating capacity over the past 25 years. More than 98 percent of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. It has been estimated that wind power could supply 7 to 34 percent of global electricity needs by 2050. However, wind power faces a large number of technical, economic, financial, institutional, market, and other barriers. To overcome these barriers, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital subsidies, tax incentives, tradable energy certificates, feed-in tariffs, grid access guarantees and mandatory standards. Besides these policies, climate change mitigation initiatives resulting from the Kyoto Protocol (e.g., CO2-emission reduction targets in developed countries and the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries) have played a significant role in promoting wind power. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/19/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4876
    Paralleltitel: Larson, Donald F The performance of Bulgarian food markets during reform
    Schlagwort(e): Food supply ; Food supply
    Kurzfassung: "Food policy often depends on markets and markets depend on institutions. But how good do institutions have to be before reforms can be launched? Relying on well timed surveys of agricultural prices and a joint study by the Government of Bulgaria and the World Bank on agricultural market institutions, this paper presents evidence that performance in food markets improved following significant policy reforms in Bulgaria, although public institutions remained weak. This suggests that even though strong institutions are preferred to weak ones, it can be costly and impractical to delay policy reforms until work on strengthening institutions is finished. Still, measured performance varied by place and by commodity, suggesting that markets developed at different tempos and that the distribution of benefits from improved markets was uneven. This points to the need to address the costs of adjustment as policies change. The paper introduces a new approach to measure market performance based on composite-error techniques. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4877
    Paralleltitel: Jack, William Health investments and economic growth
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Health aspects ; Health Social aspects ; Medical economics ; Economic development Health aspects ; Health Social aspects ; Medical economics
    Kurzfassung: "This paper reviews the correlations and potential links between health and economic growth and summarizes the evidence on the role of government in improving health status. At the macroeconomic level, the evidence of an impact of health on growth remains ambiguous due both to difficulties in measuring health, and to the methodological challenges of identifying causal links. The evidence on the micro linkages from health investments to productivity and income are robust. Progress in life expectancy over the past two centuries has been spectacular, fueled by: improved agriculture that has increased food quantity; knowledge of disease transmission, and effective public health interventions that have controlled communicable diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and hookworm; and, most recently and importantly, investments in very young children that pay off in healthier and more productive adults. Whether public investments in medical care affect health hinges on the quality of health institutions. In much of the developing world, factors such as chronic absenteeism among public providers, poor budget execution, ineffective management, and virtually no accountability weaken public efforts. Institutional issues are central in efforts to enhance public health investments, which in turn have a direct impact on the population's welfare and, perhaps over the long term, improvements in national income. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4880
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Kurzfassung: "Household surveys have long been used to estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in education and health indicators, but they have not been used to the same extent to assess trends in the access to or coverage of modern infrastructure services. In this paper, we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample of sub-Saharan African countries in order to collect comparable information across countries on coverage of piped water, flush toilets, electricity, and landline telephones over time. The results suggest that coverage rates for electricity, flush toilets have improved slightly over the last decade. Coverage of piped water has declined, at the same time as coverage of landline (as well as cellular) telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure coverage has either increased or remained stable in rural Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households coverage remains virtually inexistent. If business as usual continues, it would take a very long time to reach universal or widely shared coverage even in countries where coverage has improved. These results point to the need to increase efforts by governments and international community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4883
    Paralleltitel: Finlay, Jocelyn E Fertility response to natural disasters
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquakes ; Fertility. Human ; Natural disasters ; Earthquakes ; Fertility. Human ; Natural disasters
    Kurzfassung: "The event of a natural disaster, and being directly affected by it, brings a large shock to life-cycle outcomes. In addition to the replacement effects of higher fertility following a disaster that caused high mortality, a positive fertility response may be induced as children can be used to supplement household income. This paper analyzes three high mortality earthquakes: Gujarat, India, in 2001; North-West Frontier, Pakistan, in 2005; and Izmit, Turkey, in 1999. There is evidence of a positive fertility response to exposure to these large-scale natural disasters in addition to the response to child mortality. The results in this study are consistent with those of other studies that also find a positive fertility response following exposure to a disaster. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4886
    Paralleltitel: Deininger, Klaus W Longer-term economic impacts of self-help groups in India
    Schlagwort(e): Self-help groups ; Self-help groups
    Kurzfassung: "Despite the popularity and unique nature of women's self-help groups in India, evidence of their economic impacts is scant. Based on two rounds of a 2,400 household panel, the authors use double differences, propensity score matching, and pipeline comparison to assess economic impacts of longer (2.5-3 years) exposure of a program that promoted and strengthened self-help programs in Andhra Pradesh in India. The analysis finds that longer program exposure has positive impacts on consumption, nutritional intake, and asset accumulation. Investigating heterogeneity of the impacts suggests that even the poorest households were able to benefit from the program. Furthermore, overall benefits would exceed program cost by a significant margin even under conservative assumptions. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4887
    Paralleltitel: De Hoyos, Rafael E Poverty effects of higher food prices
    Schlagwort(e): Food prices ; Poverty ; Food prices ; Poverty
    Kurzfassung: "The spike in food prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 has highlighted the vulnerabilities of poor consumers to higher prices of agricultural goods and generated calls for massive policy action. This paper provides a formal assessment of the direct and indirect impacts of higher prices on global poverty using a representative sample of 63 to 93 percent of the population of the developing world. To assess the direct effects, the paper uses domestic food consumer price data between January 2005 and December 2007--when the relative price of food rose by an average of 5.6 percent --to find that the implied increase in the extreme poverty headcount at the global level is 1.7 percentage points, with significant regional variation. To take the second-order effects into account, the paper links household survey data with a global general equilibrium model, finding that a 5.5 percent increase in agricultural prices (due to rising demand for first-generation biofuels) could raise global poverty in 2010 by 0.6 percentage points at the extreme poverty line and 0.9 percentage points at the moderate poverty line. Poverty increases at the regional level vary substantially, with nearly all of the increase in extreme poverty occurring in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4891
    Paralleltitel: Neagu, Ileana Cristina Career placement of skilled migrants in the U.S. labor market
    Schlagwort(e): Foreign workers ; Skilled labor ; Foreign workers ; Skilled labor
    Kurzfassung: "The initial occupational placements of male immigrants in the U.S. labor market vary significantly by country of origin even when education and other factors are taken into account. Does the heterogeneity persist over time? Using data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 U.S. Censuses, this study finds that the performance of migrants from countries with lower initial occupational placement levels improves at a higher rate compared with that of migrants originating from countries with higher initial levels. Nevertheless, the magnitude of convergence suggests full catch-up is unlikely. Country specific attributes are found to have less direct impact on the rate of assimilation than on the initial performance. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4896
    Paralleltitel: Calderón, César Does higher openness cause more real exchange rate volatility ?
    Schlagwort(e): Foreign exchange rates ; Foreign exchange rates
    Kurzfassung: "The "New Open Economy Macroeconomics" argues that: (a) non-monetary factors have gained importance in explaining exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real and nominal shocks to real exchange rates. The goal of the present paper is to examine the ability of trade and financial openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective exchange rate, its fundamentals, and (outcome and policy measures of) trade and financial openness for a sample of industrial and developing countries for the period 1975-2005. Using instrumental variables techniques, the analysis finds that: (a) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary and fiscal policy shocks. (b) Countries more integrated with international markets of goods and services tend to display more stable real exchange rate fluctuations. (c) Financial openness seems to amplify the fluctuations in real exchange rates. (d) The composition of trade and capital flows plays a role in explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness. Although the former is mainly driven by manufacturing trade, the latter depends on the share of debt (and equity) in total foreign liabilities. (e) Financial openness would attenuate (magnify) real exchange rate volatility, the greater the share of equity (debt) in foreign liabilities. (f) The composition of flows also matters for explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness in periods of currency crisis. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4898
    Paralleltitel: Stephanou, Constantinos Including financial services in preferential trade agreements
    Schlagwort(e): Financial services industry ; Financial services industry ; China Commercial treaties ; China Commercial treaties
    Kurzfassung: "The objective of this paper is to address the main considerations for China of including financial services in its preferential trade agreements. The paper briefly reviews China's financial liberalization process and the state of its domestic financial system, discusses the main considerations of including financial services in China's preferential trade agreements, compares and contrasts the different 'architectural' approaches that have been used by countries to include financial services in such agreements, and identifies good practices in preparing for financial services negotiations. Particular emphasis is placed on lessons from Latin American preferential trade agreements, given their more frequent and extensive coverage of financial services compared with other regions. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4907
    Paralleltitel: Das Gupta, Monica How can donors help build global public goods in health ?
    Schlagwort(e): Medical assistance ; Medical assistance
    Kurzfassung: "Aid to developing countries has largely neglected the population-wide health services that are core to communicable disease control in the developed world. These mostly non-clinical services generate "pure public goods" by reducing everyone's exposure to disease through measures such as implementing health and sanitary regulations. They complement the clinical preventive and treatment services which are the donors' main focus. Their neglect is manifested, for example, in a lack of coherent public health regulations in countries where donors have long been active, facilitating the spread of diseases such as avian flu. These services can be inexpensive, and dramatically reduce health inequalities. Sri Lanka spends less than 0.2% of GDP on its well-designed population-wide services, which contribute to the country's high levels of health equity and life expectancy despite low GDP per head and civil war. Evidence abounds on the negative externalities of weak population-wide health services. Global public health security cannot be assured without building strong national population-wide health systems to reduce the potential for communicable diseases to spread within and beyond their borders. Donors need greater clarity about what constitutes a strong public health system, and how to build them. The paper discusses gaps in donors' approaches and first steps toward closing them. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4906
    Paralleltitel: Lin, Justin Yifu Development strategy, viability, and economic distortions in developing countries
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Government holding companies ; Economics ; Government holding companies
    Kurzfassung: "This paper presents a three-sector static model to explore the rationale for a series of institutional distortions in developing countries. The authors argue that, after World War II, motivated by a belief in the development of state-of-the-art industries as a means for nation building, the majority of developing country governments attempted to accelerate the growth of advanced capital-intensive industries. However, since developing countries are relatively rich in labor or natural resource endowments but not in capital endowment, advanced capital-intensive industries were not adapted to the endowment structures of these developing countries at the time. Enterprises in those industries were non-viable in open, competitive markets and could not survive without government subsidization or protection. The model shows that, in order to mobilize resources into the capital-intensive, advanced sectors, it is necessary for governments to use distortionary policies such as taxes and subsidies, distortions of factor prices, directive allocation of resources, and nationalization of enterprises. Such distortions enable developing countries to set up advanced, capital-intensive industries in the early stage of their development. However, they also tend to suppress incentives, misallocate resources, and make the economy inefficient. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4910
    Paralleltitel: Yamauchi, Futoshi Natural disasters, self-insurance and human capital investment
    Schlagwort(e): Human capital ; Natural disasters ; Human capital ; Natural disasters
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the impacts of disasters on dynamic human capital production using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The empirical results show that the accumulation of biological human capital prior to disasters helps children maintain investments in the post-disaster period. Biological human capital formed in early childhood (long-term nutritional status) plays a role of insurance with resilience to disasters by protecting schooling investment and outcomes, although disasters have negative impacts on investment. In Bangladesh, children with more biological human capital are less affected by the adverse effects of floods, and the rate of investment increases with the initial human capital stock in the post-disaster recovery process. In Ethiopia and Malawi, where droughts are rather frequent, exposure to highly frequent droughts in some cases reduces schooling investment but the negative impacts are larger among children embodying less biological human capital. Asset holdings prior to the disasters, especially the household's stock of intellectual human capital, also helps maintain schooling investments at least to the same degree as the stock of human capital accumulated in children prior to the disasters. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4914
    Paralleltitel: Calderón, César Infrastructure and growth in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Kurzfassung: "The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth in African countries. Based on econometric estimates for a sample of 136 countries from 1960-2005, the authors evaluate the impact on per capita growth of faster accumulation of infrastructure stocks and of enhancement in the quality of infrastructure services for 39 African countries in three key infrastructure sectors: telecommunications, electricity, and roads. Using an econometric technique suitable for dynamic panel data models and likely endogenous regressors, the authors find that infrastructure stocks and service quality boost economic growth. The growth payoff of reaching the infrastructure development of the African leader (Mauritius) is 1.1 percent of GDP per year in North Africa and 2.3 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with most of the contribution coming from more, rather than better, infrastructure. Across Africa, infrastructure contributed 99 basis points to per capita economic growth, versus 68 points for other structural policies. Most of the contribution came from increases in stocks (89 basis points), versus quality improvements (10 basis points). The findings show that growth is positively affected by the volume of infrastructure stocks and the quality of infrastructure services; simulations show that our empirical findings are significant statistically and economically. Identifying areas of opportunity to generate productivity growth, the authors find that African countries are likely to gain more from larger stocks of infrastructure than from enhancements in the quality of existing infrastructure. The payoffs are largest for telephone density, electricity-generating capacity, road-network length, and road quality. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4919
    Paralleltitel: Bell, Clive AIDS and dualism
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects
    Kurzfassung: "An AIDS epidemic threatens Ethiopia with a long wave of premature adult mortality, and thus with an enduring setback to capital formation and economic growth. The authors develop a two-sector model with three overlapping generations and intersectorally mobile labor, in which young adults allocate resources under rational expectations. They calibrate the model to the demographic and economic data, and perform simulations for the period ending in 2100 under alternative assumptions about mortality with and without the epidemic. Although the epidemic does not bring about a catastrophic economic collapse, which is hardly possible in view of Ethiopia's poverty and high background adult mortality, it does cause a permanent, downward displacement of the path of output per head, amounting to 10 percent in 2100. An externally funded program to combat the disease is socially very profitable. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4925
    Paralleltitel: Beine, Michel International migration, transfers of norms and home country fertility
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Soziale Norm ; Fertilität ; Bildungsverhalten ; Migranten ; Welt ; Emigration and immigration ; Fertility, Human ; Emigration and immigration ; Fertility, Human
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the relationship between international migration and source country fertility. The impact of international migration on source country fertility may have a number of causes, including a transfer of destination countries' fertility norms and an incentive to acquire more education. It provides provide a rigorous test of the diffusion on of fertility norms using original and detailed data on migration. The results provide evidence of a significant transfer of fertility norms from migrants to their country of origin: a one percent decrease in the fertility norm to which migrants are exposed reduces home country fertility by about 0.3 percent for origin countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4929
    Paralleltitel: Keefer, Philip When do legislators pass on "pork"?
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development projects Finance ; India ; Economic development projects Finance ; India
    Kurzfassung: "The authors examine a unique public spending program that is proliferating across developing countries, the constituency development fund, to investigate when legislators exert more effort on behalf of their constituents. Using data from India, they find that legislator effort is significantly lower in constituencies where voters are more attached to political parties. They are also lower in constituencies that are reserved for members of socially disadvantaged groups (lower castes), specifically in those reserved constituencies that are candidate strongholds. This result is robust to controls for alternate explanations and implies that legislators pass on pork when voters are more attached to political parties or influenced by identity issues. These findings have implications for the evaluation of constituency development funds. They also provide a new answer to a central issue in political economy, the conditions under which legislators seek to "bring home the pork" to constituents, that attaches great importance to the role of political parties. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4934
    Paralleltitel: De Mel, Suresh Innovative firms or innovative owners?
    Schlagwort(e): Small business ; Technological innovations ; Small business ; Technological innovations
    Kurzfassung: "Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation to consideration of the role of firm characteristics. The authors develop a model of innovation that incorporates the role of both owner and firm characteristics, and use this to determine how product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations should vary with firm size and competition. They then use a new, large, representative survey from Sri Lanka to test this model and to examine whether and how owner characteristics matter for innovation. The survey also allows analysis of the incidence of innovation in micro and small firms, which have traditionally been overlooked in the study of innovation, despite these firms comprising the majority of firms in developing countries. The analysis finds that more than one-quarter of the microenterprises are engaging in innovation, with marketing innovations the most common. As predicted by the model, firm size has a stronger positive effect, and competition a stronger negative effect, on process and organizational innovations than on product innovations. Owner ability, personality traits, and ethnicity have a significant and substantial impact on the likelihood of a firm innovating, confirming the importance of the entrepreneur in the innovation process. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4936
    Paralleltitel: Rodríguez González, Aldo Javier Optimal pre-merger notification mechanisms
    Schlagwort(e): Consolidation and merger of corporations ; Consolidation and merger of corporations
    Kurzfassung: "The authors compare the two merger control systems currently employed worldwide: a mandatory system based on merger size threshold and a voluntary system with ex-post monitoring and fines. The voluntary system possesses two informational advantages: (i) the enforcement agency employs more information -verifiable and non verifiable parameters- to decide the set of mergers to investigate, and (ii) the first move of merging firms reveals useful information to the agency about the competitive risk of a merger. If fines for undue omission to notify are upward limited, then a mixed mechanism is optimal, where small transactions are under a voluntary regime while the big mergers are obliged to report. Remedies for fixing anticompetitive mergers act as an instrument that induces firms to notify the operation, improving further the advantage of the voluntary mechanism. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4939
    Paralleltitel: Foa, Roberto Social and governance dimensions of climate change
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes ; Natural disasters ; Climatic changes ; Natural disasters
    Kurzfassung: "This paper addresses two vital concerns in the debate on adaptation to climate change. First, how can countries prepare to manage the impact of climate-change induced natural disasters? Second, how can countries ensure that they have the governmental institutions required to manage the phenomenal challenge of adaptation to climate change? A range of economic and institutional measures are tested for their potential effects on natural disaster resilience and the quality of environmental governance. The findings suggest an important role is played by social and political institutions in determining the ability of countries to adapt to climate change and respond to natural disasters, in particular in the degree to which countries have succeeded in gender empowerment and the development of a robust civil society and nonprofit sector. As the climate change challenge moves from that of "proving the facts" to that of "implementing change," the authors suggest that international policymakers, donors, and activists must increasingly focus on building domestic policy environments that are conducive to the delivery of more effective environmental legislation, for example through implementation of gender quotas and provision of support to civil society groups. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4940
    Paralleltitel: Norgaard, Kari Marie Cognitive and behavioral challenges in responding to climate change
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Public opinion ; Global warming ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Public opinion ; Global warming
    Kurzfassung: "Climate scientists have identified global warming as the most important environmental issue of our time, but it has taken over 20 years for the problem to penetrate the public discourse in even the most superficial manner. While some nations have done better than others, no nation has adequately reduced emissions and no nation has a base of public citizens that are sufficiently socially and politically engaged in response to climate change. This paper summarizes international and national differences in levels of knowledge and concern regarding climate change, and the existing explanations for the worldwide failure of public response to climate change, drawing from psychology, social psychology and sociology. On the whole, the widely presumed links between public access to information on climate change and levels of concern and action are not supported. The paper's key findings emphasize the presence of negative emotions in conjunction with global warming (fear, guilt, and helplessness), and the process of emotion management and cultural norms in the construction of a social reality in which climate change is held at arms length. Barriers in responding to climate change are placed into three broad categories: 1) psychological/conceptual, 2) social and cultural, and 3) structural (political economy). The author provides policy considerations and summarizes the policy implications of both psychological and conceptual barriers, and social and cultural barriers. An annotated bibliography is included. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379879 , 9780821379875
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxi, 417 p) , col. ill., col. maps , 27 cm
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Environmental aspects ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Economic geography
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Overview: Changing the climate for development. 1. Understanding the links between climate change and development.2. Reducing human vulnerability: Helping people help themselves. -- 3. Managing land and water to feed nine billion people and protect natural systems. --- 4. Energizing development without compromising the climate. -- 5. Integrating development into the global climate regime. -- 6. Generating the funding needed for mitigation and adaptation. -- 7. Accelerating innovation and technology diffusion. -- 8. Overcoming behavioral; and institutional inertia.
    Anmerkung: " ... a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank."--Verso of title page , Includes bibliographic references and index
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Financial Accountability Assessment
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This study begins by considering the banking sector and then moves on to issues relating to improving access to finance to support Nigeria's economic growth vision. The second part of the study refers to issues relating to longer-term finance: both the sources of financing, such as pensions and insurance, and their uses in providing financing for resolving Nigeria's crucial infrastructure shortfalls in infrastructure and housing. The final part of the study returns to the fundamental 'plumbing' of the financial system focusing on the legal and regulatory foundation for creditor rights and corporate insolvency, instituting sound corporate governance standards for corporations and banks, and providing secure and low cost transmittal of payments and remittances. While it is difficult to identify a common theme running through this volume without compromising the diversity and nuance of the recommendations, the overarching theme supported by this volume is the importance of exchange of reliable information as the basis for financial transactions between unconnected third parties. Implementation of systems designed to strengthen accounting and reporting standards for banks and corporations, the registration of movable and immovable property, property liens and credit histories as well as exchange of information about prices, interest rates, fees and charges for financials services will considerably enhance the functionality of financial systems and prove crucial in establishing a trusted and robust market-based financial system in support of stable economic growth and development in Nigeria
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Policy Notes
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This set of policy notes is intended to provide suggestions to the new Government on policy actions for addressing the various economic and social challenges that Moldova faces. Economic and social policy issues are the focus of this document. The notes have been prepared in the context of the current economic crisis, with short-term priorities and suggestions for immediate policy actions highlighted. This guidance for responding to the current crisis is followed by a medium-term agenda, which outlines possible policy measures for the longer term to promote and support sustainable development. However, it must be noted, that acting on these policy notes effectively will only be possible in a political climate of consensus in which the wounds left by the post-election conflict are allowed to heal. This will need reaffirmation of Moldova's citizens' basic human and civil rights. However, the global economic crisis has significantly clouded Moldova's immediate outlook. In addition, due to the global economic crisis, the economy of the Transnistria region has collapsed. Russia is now paying the civil service wage bill and pensions. An important contribution to the reintegration of the region would be for the Government of Moldova to assist in mitigating the impact of the crisis on the poor in Transnistria
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Investment Climate Assessment
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on core aspects of the political economy of reform, drawing on case studies of three economies transitioning to stronger business environments (Hungary, the Republic of Korea, and Mexico) and three countries with well-developed business environments (Australia, Italy, and the United Kingdom). The purpose is threefold: first, to identify so-called drivers of reform among successfully reforming countries; second, to explore how a reform strategy can make optimal use of the opportunities provided by the drivers of change; and third; to suggest how these lessons can be proactively used by other reformers to design and guide reforms. The case study findings suggest that, regardless of the content of reform, success is influenced by an evolving mix of seven drivers of change: i) globalization or competitiveness; ii) crisis; iii) political leadership; iv) unfolding reform synergies; v) technocrats; vi) changes in civil society, and vii) external pressure. The case studies suggest that reformers can influence the direction and pace of change by mobilizing and exploiting drivers of it. Rather than a cause-and-effect scenario in which a single driver-such as a crisis-creates and defines the success of a body of reforms, what happens is an unfolding series of events in which various drivers become more and less important in defining phases of the reform process
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 70
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Investment Climate Assessment
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The report is organized as follows: the executive summary (I) pulls together all major conclusions and recommendations of the report. The following five sections then focus on key requirements of any successful regulatory reform program: (II) business regulation policy, (III) measurements and Targets, (IV) organization and procedures, (V) incentives for reform, and (VI) communication of results. Sections I-VI focuses on regulatory reform impacting directly on the private sector. The final section (VII) broadens the discussion and highlights potential benefits of further consolidating and integrating other regulatory reform efforts into a broader and coherent policy for regulatory quality and reform. Two annexes provide more details on two aspects of particular importance for the Danish regulatory reform program after 2010: measuring broader impacts of existing regulation, and regulatory advisory bodies
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Serbian insurance sector remains small and underdeveloped. Over the last three years, the market experienced very little growth in real terms mainly due to weak economic growth, premium payment difficulties in the industrial sector, which forced many corporate policyholders to cancel their insurance, and fierce price competition among the growing number of players. With consumption of 76 Pounds and 10 Pounds per capita for non-life and life insurance, respectively, Serbia lags behind most of its neighbors in Southeastern and Central Europe. In 2009 the industry accounted for only 4.6 percent of total assets and 5.6 percent of total capital in the Serbian financial sector. Although in 2008 the total gross premium written (GPW) for both life and non-life was SRD 52.2 billion (dinars), representing a 5.3 percent annual inflation-adjusted increase over the previous year, in 2009 the sector is likely to experience an 8 percent contraction due to the impact of the economic crisis
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: On August 25, 2009, the 13th Government of the Palestinian Authority (PA) presented a program entitled "Palestine: ending the occupation, establishing the state" (hereafter referred to as the program) outlining several national goals, including the achievement of 'economic independence and national prosperity'. The program accords high priority to the development of the public institutions of the PA in order to achieve the stated national goals. It acknowledges that maintaining an efficient and effective public sector that provides citizens with high quality services and value for money is a constant challenge. No amount of well-functioning institutions, will, however, lead to economic growth in the absence of access to markets, whether within the West Bank and Gaza, in Israel, or in the rest of the world. In this regard, the recent developments in easing of movement and access restrictions by the Government of Israel (GoI) represent a welcome first step. The GoI has taken steps to ease movement restrictions in the West Bank and to allow greater access to West Bank markets for Arab citizens of Israel. In the first half of 2009, the political stalemate in Gaza continued and the economy stagnated. The West Bank economy is showing signs of new growth, so that it is possible that for the first time in years, West Bank and Gaza (WB&G) may have positive per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2009
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377760 , 9780821377765
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 187 p) , col. ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 337.56051
    Schlagwort(e): Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; China ; China ; India ; India ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-177) and index , Report prepared by a team led by Miria Pigato , Statement of responsibility from cover
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378304
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (434 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts
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  • 75
    ISBN: 0821379194 , 0821379232 , 9780821379196 , 9780821379233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 163 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 163
    DDC: 332/.042
    Schlagwort(e): Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9780821379585 , 9780821379592
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 127 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.910962
    Schlagwort(e): World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Egypt ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981- ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981-
    Anmerkung: "Written by Ismail Arslan, with contributions by consultants Ataman Aksoy ... [et al.]"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA , Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127)
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821377956
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (207 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Africa Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 (ADI) provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It puts together data from different sources, making it an essential tool for policy makers, researchers, and other people interested in Africa. This year’s ADI addresses the issue of youth employment. The report shows that success in addressing youth employment in will not be achieved and sustained through fragmented and isolated interventions. Instead it finds that an arching guideline for addressing the youth employment challenge is the need for an integrated strategy for rural development, growth and job creation - which covers the demand and the supply sides of the labor market and takes into account the youth mobility from rural to urban areas - combined with targeted interventions to help young people overcome disadvantages in entering and remaining in the labor market. This edition includes the Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 Single User CD-ROM and opening articles from leading economists reporting and analyzing key African economic and development issues
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379820 , 9780821379837
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxi, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.1/04257
    Schlagwort(e): Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: China's health challenges at the start of the new millenniumThe rural health reforms of the 2000s -- Looking toward a new decade : the big picture -- Financing rural insurance coverage -- Improving service delivery : a question of incentives -- Enhancing accountability and incentives in public health -- The longer-term reform agenda.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-238) and index
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377531 , 0821379399 , 9780821377536 , 9780821379394
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 142 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development. Countries and regions
    DDC: 338/.0640951
    Schlagwort(e): Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-134) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378533
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of the Global Development Finance 2009, Volume II: Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378880 , 0821379437 , 9780821378885 , 9780821379431
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 338 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.109172/4
    Schlagwort(e): Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Services ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing Countries ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Services ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Review of strategies to strengthen health servicesReview of strategies to strengthen the performance of health organizations -- Review of strategies to improve health care provider performance -- Review of community empowerment strategies for health -- Analysis of cross-country changes in health services -- Institutional context of health services -- Evaluation of changes in health results in World Bank-assisted health projects -- Seven country case studies -- From evidence to learning and doing.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 82
    ISBN: 0821379968 , 0821379976 , 9780821379967 , 9780821379974
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (vi, 42 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 167
    DDC: 330
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics)
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821375695 , 0821375709 , 9780821375693 , 9780821375709
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 v. in 1) , ill , 29 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.1068/4
    Schlagwort(e): Money laundering ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Money laundering ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Money laundering ; Terrorism ; Terrorism
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Effects on economic development and international standards2. Legal requirements to meet international standards -- 3a. Regulatory and institutional requirements for AML/CFT -- 3b. Compliance requirements for financial institutions -- 4. Building an effective financial intelligence unit -- 5. Domestic (inter-agency) and international cooperation -- 6. Combating the financing of terrorism -- 7. Investigating money laundering and terrorist financing.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381261 , 082138127X , 9780821381267 , 9780821381274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xii, 114 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Environment and development
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The world bank and biodiversity conservation: a contribution to action for climate changeNatural ecosystems and mitigation -- Ecosystem-based adaptation: reducing vulnerability -- Biodiversity conservation and food, water, and livelihood security: emerging issues -- Implementing ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380141 , 0821380168 , 9780821380147 , 9780821380161
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xv, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.6/420820984
    Schlagwort(e): Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business Management ; Sex differences ; Women-owned business enterprises Management ; Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business Management ; Sex differences ; Women-owned business enterprises Management ; Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business ; Women-owned business enterprises
    Kurzfassung: Bolivia's informal economic sector is the largest in Latin America, and women-owned businesses tend to be overrepresented in the informal sector and to be less profitable than firms in the formal sector. This study seeks to better understand gender-based differences in firms' tendencies toward formality, the impact of formality on profits, and the productivity of small informal firms. Using data from firm surveys, national household surveys, and qualitative data from focus groups, the study conducts a gender analysis of formality and productivity in six different sectors in Bolivia. The findings shed new light on how gender-based differences contribute to a firm's decision to become formal and the consequences of this decision for profitability. The outcomes of the study suggest that policies should focus on increasing the productivity and scale of women-owned businesses. Two general priorities emerge: promoting women's access to productive assets to facilitate growth and productivity and providing an enabling environment for women's entrepreneurship by expanding women's choices and capacity to respond to market opportunities.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Men and women in Bolivia's informal sectorGender, formality, and profitability -- Gender-specific constraints to productivity -- Implications of policies to increase the formalization and productivity of female owners of small and micro firms.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4806
    Paralleltitel: Byrd, William A Public finance, security, and development
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security ; Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security
    Kurzfassung: "Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple linkages between public finance, security, and development were explicitly taken into account. At the extreme, in some cases better public finance management could have more impact on security than would more troops. The paper first outlines three core linkages between security and development-through the investment climate, human and social capital, and institutions. The authors then propose three complementary tools to analyze the security sector from the point of view of public finance management, service delivery, and governance. This conceptual framework is applied to the case of Afghanistan. The paper closes by drawing some conclusions about possible entry points for dialogue in this difficult area. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4809
    Paralleltitel: Urdapilleta, Eduardo Banking in Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and banking ; Banks and banking
    Kurzfassung: " The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light on financial performance and its drivers at a disaggregated level. The study illustrates how differences across market segments - which tend to be averaged out in aggregate analysis - need to be taken into account when analyzing performance and designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4810
    Paralleltitel: Münich, Daniel Unemployment and worker-firm matching
    Schlagwort(e): Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment
    Kurzfassung: "The paper tests three hypotheses about the causes of unemployment in the Central-East European transition economies and in a benchmark market economy (Western part of Germany). The first hypothesis (H1) is that unemployment is caused by inefficient matching. Hypothesis 2 (H2) is that unemployment is caused by low demand. Hypothesis 3 (H3) is that restructuring is at work. Our estimates suggest that the west and east German parts of Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia are consistent with H2 and H3. Hungary provides limited support to all three hypotheses. Poland is consistent with H1. The economies in question hence contain one broad group of countries and one or two special cases. The group comprises the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic and (possibly) East Germany. These countries resemble West Germany in that they display increasing returns to scale in matching and unemployment appears to be driven by restructuring and low demand. The East German case is complex because of its major active labor market policies and a negative trend in efficiency in matching. In some sense, East Germany resembles more Poland, which in addition to restructuring and low demand for labor appears to suffer from a structural mismatch reflected in relatively low returns to scale in matching. Finally, our data provide evidence that goes counter to one of the main predictions of the theories of transition, namely that the turnover (inflow) rate in the transition countries would rise dramatically at the start of the transition, be temporarily very high and gradually decline and approach the level observed in otherwise similar market economies such as West Germany. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4817
    Paralleltitel: Iarossi, Giuseppe The investment climate in 16 Indian states
    Schlagwort(e): Investments States ; Investments States
    Kurzfassung: "In this paper, the author attempts to identify the characteristics of the business climate in India that can help explain the different performance of individual states in terms of investment and growth. The paper develops a new Investment Climate Index aimed at summarizing the aspects of the business environment that entrepreneurs consider when deciding whether to invest. Using this index, the author explores the investment climate in several typologies of Indian states and identify the key features of a poor business environment in India. The analysis shows that infrastructure and institutions remain the main bottlenecks in the country's private sector development. More specifically, power, transportation, corruption, tax regulations, and theft are major factors explaining the poor business environment in some Indian states. Infrastructure appears to be the single most important constraint, as it is particularly binding in states that show low levels of domestic investment and GDP growth. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4818
    Paralleltitel: Vollmer, Sebastian Political institutions and human development
    Schlagwort(e): Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development
    Kurzfassung: "Institutions are a major field of interest in the study of development processes. The authors contribute to this discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human development. First, they elaborate a theoretical argument why and under what conditions democracies compared to autocratic political systems might perform better with regards to the provision of public goods. Due to higher redistributive concerns matched to the needs of the population democracies should show a higher level of human development. In the following they analyze whether our theoretical expectations are supported by empirical facts. The authors perform a static panel analysis over the period of 1970 to 2003. The model confirms that living in a democratic system positively affects human development measured by life expectancy and literacy rates even controlling for GDP. By analyzing interaction effects they find that the performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of health provision in more unequal societies. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4852
    Paralleltitel: Toto Same, Achille Transforming natural resource wealth into sustained growth and poverty reduction
    Schlagwort(e): Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy
    Kurzfassung: "Oil and mineral revenues raise national savings and hence facilitate investment, capital accumulation, and sustained growth; thus, there are benefits of owning large natural resources. There can be a significant spillover effect from the oil sector to the non-oil sector particularly if governments are committed to bridge the infrastructure gap and promote the non-oil economy and foremost the non-oil tradable sector. Consequently, the capacity for coordinated policy formulation and execution is fundamental as well as sound windfall management mechanisms and institutions. This conceptual framework uses the case of Indonesia and the example of Norway to argue that the resource paradox is avoidable. Abundance should not be a curse, but rather a blessing for Sub-Saharan Africa's oil and mineral exporting countries. The country context and political economy matter a great deal but should not be the main driving forces behind windfall management, to avoid excessive rent-seeking activities, inefficiency, and wasteful spending. The EITI++ implementation can contribute to make a difference, mostly through capacity building, implementation assistance, and coordination support. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4855
    Paralleltitel: Estache, Antonio Bidders' entry and auctioneer's rejection
    Kurzfassung: "Limited competition has been a serious concern in infrastructure procurement. Importantly, however, there are normally a number of potential bidders initially showing interest in proposed projects. This paper focuses on tackling the question why these initially interested bidders fade out. An empirical problem is that no bids of fading-out firms are observable. They could decide not to enter the process at the beginning of the tendering or may be technically disqualified at any point in the selection process. This paper applies the double selection model to procurement data from road development projects in developing countries and examines why competition ends up restricted. It shows that bidders are self-selective and auctioneers also tend to limit participation depending on the size of contracts. Therefore, limited competition would likely lead to high infrastructure procurement costs. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/5/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4861
    Paralleltitel: Didier, Tatiana The current account as a dynamic portfolio choice problem
    Schlagwort(e): Balance of payments ; Portfolio management ; Balance of payments ; Portfolio management
    Kurzfassung: "The current account can be understood as the outcome of investment decisions made by domestic and foreign investors. These decisions can be decomposed into a portfolio rebalancing and a portfolio growth component. This paper provides empirical evidence of the importance of portfolio rebalancing for the dynamics of the current account. The authors evaluate the predictions of a partial-equilibrium model of the current account with dynamic portfolio choices, in which portfolio rebalancing is driven by changes in investment opportunities. Using data for the United States and Japan, the authors find evidence supporting innovations in investment opportunities as an important mechanism to explain international capital flows. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4869
    Paralleltitel: Kinda, Tidiane Firms' productive performance and the investment climate in developing economies
    Schlagwort(e): Industrial productivity ; Investments ; Industrial productivity ; Investments
    Kurzfassung: "Drawing on the World Bank Investment Climate Assessment surveys, this paper investigates the relationship between firm-level technical efficiency and the investment climate for 22 developing economies and eight manufacturing industries. The authors first propose three measures of firms' productive performance: labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency. They show that, on average, enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa have performed poorly compared with other countries in the sample. The exception is Morocco, whose various measures of firm-level productivity rank close to the ones of the most productive economies. The analysis also reveals that the competitiveness of countries in the region has been handicapped by high unit labor cost, compared with main competitors like China and India. The empirical results show then? that the investment climate matters for firms' productive performance. This is true (depending on the industry) for the quality of various infrastructure, the experience and education level of the labor force, the cost of and access to financing, as well as different dimensions of the government-business relation. The analysis reveals that some industries, more exposed to international competition, are more sensitive to investment climate deficiencies. For some industries, this is also true for small and medium domestic enterprises that do not have the possibility to influence their investment climate or choose their location. These findings bear clear policy implications by showing that increasing firms' size and improving the investment climate (in particular of small and medium firms and industries more exposed to international competition) could constitute a powerful means of industrial development and competitiveness, in the Middle East and North Africa region in particular. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/25/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4872
    Paralleltitel: Raddatz, Claudio E Multilateral debt relief through the eyes of financial markets
    Schlagwort(e): Debt relief ; Debt relief
    Kurzfassung: "The economic benefits of debt relief for recipient countries have been the subject of arduous debate, at least partly motivated by the difficulty of identifying the causal effect of debt relief on economic performance-given that performance itself may drive the decision to grant relief. This paper conducts an event study to assess the economic consequences of multilateral debt relief for recipient countries that is robust to these reverse causality issues. It estimates the response of the stock prices of South African multinationals with subsidiaries in those countries to the announcement of debt relief initiatives, and shows that stock prices exhibit a significant increase above those of other firms, especially around the launching of the recent Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative. The improvement in financial markets' assessment of the value of these multinationals is consistent with lower expected levels of future taxation in the recipient countries. Overall, the results are consistent with the "debt overhang" argument for debt relief. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4871
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Labor market ; Unskilled labor ; Labor market ; Unskilled labor
    Kurzfassung: "In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4879
    Paralleltitel: Allcott, Hunt The performance of decentralized school systems
    Schlagwort(e): Schools Decentralization ; Schools Decentralization
    Kurzfassung: "This program evaluation estimates the effects on standardized test scores of graduating from the Fe y Alegria private school system in Venezuela. The authors find an Average Treatment Effect on the order of 0.1 standard deviations (approximately 16 percent of the average score), using a control group of public school students. These effects are significantly larger for households at the bottom of the distribution, and smaller for those at the top. The authors posit that the better performance of the Fe y Alegria system stems from their labor contract flexibility and decentralized administrative structure. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4897
    Paralleltitel: Hevia, Constantino Emerging market fluctuations
    Schlagwort(e): Business cycles ; Business cycles
    Kurzfassung: "Aggregate fluctuations in emerging countries are quantitatively larger and qualitatively different in key respects from those in developed countries. Using data from Mexico and Canada, this paper decomposes these differences in terms of shocks to aggregate efficiency and shocks that distort the decisions of households about how much to invest, consume, and work in a standard model of a small open economy. The decomposition exercise suggests that most of these differences are explained by fluctuations in aggregate efficiency, distortions in labor decisions over the business cycle, and, most importantly, fluctuations in country risk. Other distortions are quantitatively less important. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4901
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form Sea-level rise and storm surges
    Schlagwort(e): Global warming ; Natural disasters ; Storm surges ; Global warming ; Natural disasters ; Storm surges
    Kurzfassung: "An increase in sea surface temperature is evident at all latitudes and in all oceans. The current understanding is that ocean warming plays a major role in intensified cyclone activity and heightened storm surges. The vulnerability of coastlines to intensified storm surges can be ascertained by overlaying Geographic Information System information with data on land, population density, agriculture, urban extent, major cities, wetlands, and gross domestic product for inundation zones likely to experience more intense storms and a 1 meter sea-level rise. The results show severe impacts are likely to be limited to a relatively small number of countries and a cluster of large cities at the low end of the international income distribution. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4905
    Paralleltitel: Lin, Justin Yifu Industrial structure, appropriate technology and economic growth in less developed countries
    Schlagwort(e): Appropriate technology ; Technological innovations ; Appropriate technology ; Technological innovations
    Kurzfassung: "The authors develop an endogenous growth model that combines structural change with repeated product improvement. That is, the technologies in one sector of the model become not only increasingly capital-intensive, but also progressively productive over time. Application of the basic model to less developed economies shows that the (optimal) industrial structure and the (most) appropriate technologies in less developed economies are endogenously determined by their factor endowments. A firm in a less developed country that enters a capital-intensive, advanced industry in a developed country would be nonviable owing to the relative scarcity of capital in the factor endowments of less developed countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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