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  • World Bank  (1,014)
  • [Washington, D.C] : World Bank  (873)
  • Washington, DC : World Bank  (141)
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Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Purchasing power parities and the real size of world economies : a comprehensive report of the International Comparison Program (2015)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 339.31
    Keywords: International Comparison Programme ; International Comparison Programme ; Gross domestic product Statistics ; National income Statistics ; Accounting ; Purchasing power Statistics ; Gross domestic product Statistics ; National income Statistics Accounting ; Purchasing power Statistics ; Purchasing power parity ; Purchasing power parity ; National income Statistics Accounting ; Purchasing power Statistics ; Gross domestic product Statistics ; International Comparison Programme ; Gross domestic product ; National income ; Purchasing power ; Purchasing power parity ; Statistics ; Accounting ; Statistics ; Statistics
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reducing the vulnerability of Georgia's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801488 , 9781464801839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes ; Crops and climate
    Description / Table of Contents: The study: design, methodology, and limitationsOverview of agricultural sector and climate in Georgia -- Impacts of climate change on Georgia's agricultural sector -- Assessment of menu of adaptation options and recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0148-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sticky feet : how labor market frictions shape the impact of international trade on jobs and wages (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.12
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0263-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    West Bank and Gaza : Area C and the future of the Palestinian economy (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World bank studies
    DDC: 330.95695/3
    Keywords: Gaza Strip ; Palestine ; Palestine ; West Bank ; Gaza Strip Economic conditions ; Palestine Economic conditions ; Palestine Economic policy ; West Bank Economic conditions ; Gaza Strip Economic conditions ; Palestine Economic conditions ; Palestine Economic policy ; West Bank Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0193-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Governance of Indian state power utilities : an ongoing journey (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: India power sector review
    Series Statement: Directions in Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Energy and Mining
    DDC: 354.4/90954
    Keywords: Electric utilities ; Public utilities ; Electric utilities ; Public utilities ; Electric utilities ; Public utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0303-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The power of the mine : a transformative opportunity for Sub-Saharan Africa (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.793/20967
    Keywords: Economic development ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Mineral industries ; Economic development ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Mineral industries ; Economic development ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Mineral industries
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0292-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building the skills for economic growth and competitiveness in Sri Lanka (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 370.113095493
    Keywords: Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0158-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reducing the vulnerability of Azerbaijan's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801846 , 9781464801853
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes ; Crops and climate
    Description / Table of Contents: The study: design, methodology, and limitationsOverview of agricultural sector and climate in Azerbaijan -- Impacts of climate change on Azerbaijan's agricultural sector -- Assessment of menu of adaptation options and recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0184-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding the poverty impact of the global financial crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 339.4/6098090511
    Keywords: Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 21st century ; Latin America Economic conditions 21st century ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 21st century ; Latin America Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0241-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    More power to India : the challenge of electricity distribution (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.793/2
    Keywords: Economic development ; Electric utilities ; Economic development ; Electric utilities ; Economic development ; Electric utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0233-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory assessment toolkit : a practical methodology for assessing regulation on trade and investment in services (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 343.08
    Keywords: Foreign trade regulation ; Investments, Foreign ; Service industries Law and legislation ; Evaluation ; Trade regulation Evaluation ; Foreign trade regulation ; Investments, Foreign ; Service industries Law and legislation ; Evaluation ; Trade regulation Evaluation ; Foreign trade regulation ; Investments, Foreign ; Service industries ; Trade regulation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0057-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning from megadisasters : lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 1464801533 , 9781464801532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 363 pages) , color illustrations, color maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Buildings Natural disaster effects ; Emergency management ; Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 ; Natural disaster warning systems ; Natural disasters ; Risk management ; Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan, 2011 ; Buildings Natural disaster effects ; Emergency management ; Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 ; Natural disaster warning systems ; Natural disasters ; Risk management ; Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan, 2011 ; Buildings ; Emergency management ; Natural disaster effects ; Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 ; Natural disaster warning systems ; Natural disasters ; Risk management ; Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan, 2011
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beyond contributory pensions : fourteen experiences with coverage expansion in Latin America (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331.25/2098
    Keywords: Old age pensions Government policy ; Pensions Government policy ; Social security ; Old age pensions Government policy ; Pensions Government policy ; Social security ; Old age pensions ; Pensions ; Social security
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0390-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Opening doors : gender equality and development in MENA (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397633
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    DDC: 305.420956
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women ; Sex discrimination against women ; Women Legal status, laws, etc ; Women Legal status, laws, etc ; Women's rights ; Women's rights
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , AcknowledgementsForeword -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Executive summary -- Gender equality in MENA : the facts and the puzzle -- Impressive achievements in human development -- Little discrimination between girls and boys within the household -- Of the lowest rates of excess female mortality in the world -- Rapid declines in maternal mortality -- More girls in school than in much of the world -- Virtually no gender gaps in enrolment, and reverse gender gaps in university, and math performance -- MENA's performance in human development is largely explained by economic development and wealth -- Some challenges remain -- The puzzle in MENA : why do women participate in such few numbers outside the home? -- Women in the workforce -- Women in business -- Women in politics -- What explains the mena puzzle? -- Religion is too simplistic an explanation -- Oil endowments alone cannot explain the paradox either -- Social norms and the legal framework limit women's agency -- , Social and cultural norms constrain women's roles outside the home -- Evolving norms and the invisible hand of marriage -- Equality under the law and its enforcement is critical for women's agency -- Legal systems differ widely and derive from multiple sources -- Legal constraints to women's agency in MENA -- Economic incentives dampen participation in the workforce -- A social contract underpinned by a generous but costly welfare state -- Extensive public sector employment with generous compensation -- Generous subsidies encourage women to stay at home -- State regulation and intervention in the market -- Heavy investment in education, but not the kind that businesses want -- Unequal access to entrepreneurship opportunities -- The time for reform is now -- Aspirations are changing -- As education levels increase, female labor force participation will likely increase -- A demographic gift? -- The social contract is no longer sustainable -- , Opening the door to women : policy directions -- A roadmap for reform -- Policies to address the region's challenges -- Closing the remaining gender gaps in human deelopment -- Expanding economic opportunities for women -- Closing gender gaps in voice and agency -- Supporting evidence-based policy making -- References -- Technical annex -- Appendix 1
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9763-3
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy efficiency : lessons learned from success stories (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821398036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Eastern Europe and Central Asia reports
    DDC: 333.79/17
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Energy policy ; Energy consumption ; Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Energy policy ; Energy consumption ; Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Energy policy
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgmentsAbbreviations -- Executive summary -- Top lessons and findings -- Interesting findings for future consideration -- Why is energy efficiency important? -- Low, medium, and high energy intensity country characteristics -- Moving from high to medium energy intensity -- Moving from medium to low energy intensity -- The way forward -- Annex 1: Summary of lessons learned from the country case studies -- Annex 2: The energy efficiency ladder -- References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9803-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Operating and planning electricity grids with variable renewable generation : review of emerging lessons from selected operational experiences and desktop studies (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397343 , 9780821397367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.793/2
    Keywords: Electric utilities ; Energy development ; Power resources ; Renewable energy resources ; Sustainable development ; Electric utilities ; Energy development ; Power resources ; Renewable energy resources ; Sustainable development ; Electric utilities ; Energy development ; Power resources ; Renewable energy resources ; Sustainable development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9734-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Planning, connecting, and financing cities--now : priorities for city leaders (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821398393 , 9780821398395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 111 p) , col. ill., col. maps , 27 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: City planning ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Municipal finance ; City planning ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Municipal finance ; City planning ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Municipal finance
    Note: "This report was written by a team led by Somik V. Lall"--P. xi , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9839-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The new microfinance handbook : a financial market system perspective (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389270 , 9780821389287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Mikrofinanzierung ; Kreditmarkt
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8927-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the real size of the world's economy : the framework, methodology, and results of the International Comparison Program--ICP (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821397281 , 9780821397282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxiv, 659 p) , ill , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: International Comparison Programme ; International Comparison Programme ; Economics Statistical methods ; Gross domestic product Statistical methods ; National income Statistical methods ; Purchasing power parity ; Economics Statistical methods ; Gross domestic product Statistical methods ; National income Statistical methods ; Purchasing power parity ; International Comparison Programme ; Economics ; Gross domestic product ; National income ; Purchasing power parity ; Statistical methods ; Statistical methods ; Statistical methods
    Description / Table of Contents: Executive summary / Frederic A. VogelIntroduction : reshaping the world / Angus S. Deaton -- The framework of the International Comparision Program / D.S. Prasada Rao -- Governance structure of ICP 2005 / Paul McCarthy -- National accounts framework for international comparisons : GDP compilation and breakdown process / Paul McCarthy -- Computation of basic heading PPPs for comparisons within and between regions / D.S. Prasada Rao -- Methods of aggregation above the basic heading level within regions / W. Erwin Diewert -- Methods of aggregation above the basic heading level : linking the regions / W. Erwin Diewert -- The ICP survey framework / Frederic A. Vogel -- The ring comparison : linking the regions / Frederic A. Vogel -- Validation of ICP regional prices and basic heading PPPs / David Roberts -- Validation of basic heading and aggregated PPPs : when does validation end and estimation begin? / Frederic A. Vogel -- Health and education / Derek Blades -- Dwelling services / Alan Heston -- Construction / Paul McCarthy -- Machinery and equipment / Derek Blades -- Government services / Derek Blades -- Government services : productivity adjustments / Alan Heston -- Reference PPPs / Derek Blades and Yuri Dikhanov -- Extrapolating PPPs and compariing ICP benchmark results / Paul McCarthy -- Results and empirical analysis, ICP 2005 / Yuri Dikhanov and Frederic A. Vogel -- Absolute poverty measures for the developing world, 1981-2008 / Shaohua Chen and Martin Ravallion -- PPP exchange rates for the global poor / Angus S. Deaton and Olivier Dupriez -- International relative price levels : an empirical analysis / Charles Thomas ... [et al.] -- PPP estimates : applications by the International Monetary Fund / Mick Silver -- Using expenditure PPPs for sectoral output and productivity comparisons / Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer.
    Note: "This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9728-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Opening doors : gender equality and development in MENA (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.420956
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women / Africa, North ; Sex discrimination against women / Middle East ; Women / Legal status, laws, etc / Africa, North ; Women / Legal status, laws, etc / Middle East ; Women's rights / Africa, North ; Women's rights / Middle East
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsForeword -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Executive summary -- Gender equality in MENA : the facts and the puzzle -- Impressive achievements in human development -- Little discrimination between girls and boys within the household -- Of the lowest rates of excess female mortality in the world -- Rapid declines in maternal mortality -- More girls in school than in much of the world -- Virtually no gender gaps in enrolment, and reverse gender gaps in university, and math performance -- MENA's performance in human development is largely explained by economic development and wealth -- Some challenges remain -- The puzzle in MENA : why do women participate in such few numbers outside the home? -- Women in the workforce -- Women in business -- Women in politics -- What explains the mena puzzle? -- Religion is too simplistic an explanation -- Oil endowments alone cannot explain the paradox either -- Social norms and the legal framework limit women's agency ---
    Description / Table of Contents: Social and cultural norms constrain women's roles outside the home -- Evolving norms and the invisible hand of marriage -- Equality under the law and its enforcement is critical for women's agency -- Legal systems differ widely and derive from multiple sources -- Legal constraints to women's agency in MENA -- Economic incentives dampen participation in the workforce -- A social contract underpinned by a generous but costly welfare state -- Extensive public sector employment with generous compensation -- Generous subsidies encourage women to stay at home -- State regulation and intervention in the market -- Heavy investment in education, but not the kind that businesses want -- Unequal access to entrepreneurship opportunities -- The time for reform is now -- Aspirations are changing -- As education levels increase, female labor force participation will likely increase -- A demographic gift? -- The social contract is no longer sustainable ---
    Description / Table of Contents: Opening the door to women : policy directions -- A roadmap for reform -- Policies to address the region's challenges -- Closing the remaining gender gaps in human deelopment -- Expanding economic opportunities for women -- Closing gender gaps in voice and agency -- Supporting evidence-based policy making -- References -- Technical annex -- Appendix 1.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9763-3
    URL: Volltext
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HBZ
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reducing the vulnerability of FYR Macedonia's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800436 , 9781464800443
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    DDC: 632/.1094976
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes ; Crops and climate
    Description / Table of Contents: Current conditions for Macedonian agriculture and climateDesign and methodology -- Impacts of climate change on agriculture in FYR Macedonia -- Identification of adaptation options for managing risk to FYR Macedonia's agricultural systems -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Priority options to improve climate resilience of FYR Macedonia's agricultural sector.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0043-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deforestation trends in the Congo Basin : reconciling economic growth and forest protection (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397428 , 9780821397787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.750967
    Keywords: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program) ; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program) ; Deforestation Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Forest degradation ; Forest protection ; Deforestation Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Forest degradation ; Forest protection ; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program) ; Deforestation ; Economic development ; Forest degradation ; Forest protection
    Note: "This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank , Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9742-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reducing the vulnerability of Moldova's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800450 , 9781464800467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    DDC: 632/.109476
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk assessment ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk assessment ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes ; Crops and climate
    Description / Table of Contents: Current conditions for Moldovan agriculture and climateDesign and methodology -- Impacts of climate change on agriculture in Moldova -- Identification of adaptation options for managing risk to Moldova's agricultural systems -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Options to improve climate resilience of Moldova's agricultural sector.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0045-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rural-urban dynamics and the millennium development goals (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821398067 , 9780821398067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 178 p) , col. ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    DDC: 338.9105
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development
    Note: Includes bibliographic references , Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9806-7
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    Sustaining trade reform : institutional lessons from Argentina and Peru (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 382/.30982
    Keywords: Argentina ; Argentina ; Peru ; Peru ; Argentina Commerce ; Argentina Commercial policy ; Peru Commerce ; Peru Commercial policy ; Argentina Commerce ; Argentina Commercial policy ; Peru Commerce ; Peru Commercial policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9986-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Growing green : the economic benefits of climate action (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397916 , 9780821397923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Eastern Europe and Central Asia Reports
    DDC: 363.738/745
    Keywords: Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Environmental policy ; Environmental policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9791-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
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    Reducing the vulnerability of Albania's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800474 , 9781464800481
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    DDC: 632/.1094965
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes ; Crops and climate
    Description / Table of Contents: Current conditions: Albanian agriculture and climateMethodology -- Impacts of climate change on agriculture in Albania -- Identification of adaptation options for managing risk to Albania's agricultural systems -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Options to improve climate resilience of Albania's agricultural sector.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0047-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
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    Clusters of competitiveness (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 338.6/048
    Keywords: Competition ; Economic development ; Competition ; Economic development ; Competition ; Economic development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0049-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Reducing the vulnerability of Uzbekistan's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800009 , 9781464800016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    DDC: 632/.109587
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Crops and climate ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Climatic changes ; Crops and climate
    Description / Table of Contents: Current conditions for Uzbekistan agriculture and climateDesign and methodology -- Impacts of climate change on agriculture in Uzbekistan -- Identification of adaptation options for managing risk to Uzbekistan's agricultural systems -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Options to improve climate resilience of Uzbekistan's agriculture sector.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0000-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
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    Pirate trails : tracking the illicit financial flows from pirate activities off the Horn of Africa (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399637 , 9781464800412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 363.25/964
    Keywords: Flow of funds ; Piracy ; Flow of funds ; Piracy ; Flow of funds ; Piracy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9963-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Let workers move : using bilateral labor agreements to increase trade in services (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821399152 , 9780821399156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 168 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Trade
    DDC: 331.12791
    Keywords: Foreign workers Government policy ; Labor laws and legislation, International ; Labor mobility Government policy ; Labor policy ; Foreign workers Government policy ; Labor laws and legislation, International ; Labor mobility Government policy ; Labor policy ; Foreign workers ; Labor laws and legislation, International ; Government policy ; Labor mobility ; Labor policy ; Government policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9915-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Low carbon development opportunities for Nigeria : sectoral analyses (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399736 , 9780821399767
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 363.738/74609669
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Economic aspects ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Environmental policy ; Industries Environmental aspects ; Air Pollution ; Economic aspects ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Environmental policy ; Industries Environmental aspects ; Air ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Environmental policy ; Industries
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9973-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    The global HIV epidemics among sex workers (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397749 , 9780821397756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 614.5/99392
    Keywords: HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections Statistics prevention & control ; Human Rights Statistics ; Sex Workers Statistics ; World Health Statistics ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Human Rights ; Sex Workers ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Review of the epidemiology of HIV among sex workersCountry case studies on sex work and HIV prevention -- HIV prevention interventions for sex workers : modeling the impacts -- Cost-effectiveness analyses -- Modeling violence and HIV among sex workers -- Sex worker leadership in responding to HIV and promoting human rights.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9774-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    The global HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397763 , 9780821397770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 614.5/99392
    Keywords: HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections Statistics prevention & control ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology ; World Health Statistics ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodologyUkraine case study -- Pakistan case study -- Thailand case study -- Kenya case study -- Policy perspectives.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9776-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Private voluntary health insurance regulation : how to make it work (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387566 , 9780821387573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 368.38/2
    Keywords: Health insurance Government policy ; Health insurance Law and legislation ; Health insurance Government policy ; Health insurance Law and legislation ; Government Regulation ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health legislation & jurisprudence ; Private Sector ; Risk Factors ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Government Regulation ; Government policy ; Law and legislation ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health ; Private Sector ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Risk Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: BackgroundOverview of private health insurance -- Scope of regulation -- Prudential regulation -- Consumer protection standards.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8756-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Food prices, nutrition, and the millenium development goals (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821394517 , 0821395238 , 9780821394519 , 9780821395233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 169 p) , col. ill
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    Keywords: Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor
    Note: Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9451-9
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    Regional economic integration in the Middle East and North Africa : beyond trade reform (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397268 , 9780821397299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 337.1/56
    Keywords: Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9726-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
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    Why does cargo spend weeks in Sub-Saharan African ports? : lessons from six case countries (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821394991 , 9780821395004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 387.1/640967
    Keywords: Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9499-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
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    Natural resource abundance, growth and diversification in MENA : the effects of natural resources and the role of policies (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.70956
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
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    From political to economic awakening in the Arab world : the path of economic integration (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396698 , 9780821396704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: MENA development reports
    DDC: 337.1/174927
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Arab countries ; Arab countries ; Arab countries ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Arab countries Commerce ; Arab countries Commercial policy ; Arab countries Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Economic policy ; Arab countries Commerce ; Arab countries Commercial policy ; Arab countries Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Economic policy
    Note: "A Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Report for the Deauville Partnership , Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9669-8
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  • 41
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    Assessment of the private health sector in the Republic of Congo (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821397052 , 0821397079 , 9780821397053 , 9780821397077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 109 p) , ill
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Investment climate in health series
    Uniform Title: Étude sur le secteur privé de la santé en République du Congo. 〈engl.〉
    Keywords: Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Private Sector ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Private Sector
    Abstract: This country assessment is part of a set of studies planned in order to provide a better understanding of how to improve the business environment in which the private sector operates in Congo and other African countries. The assessment was conducted in order to establish a baseline of information, to help with political decision-making and provide market information. The private health sector assessment in the Republic of Congo provides a diagnosis of the nature and the effectiveness of the interface between the public and private sectors, establishes a dialogue on policy with stakeholders, and makes recommendations for reform that would bolster public and private involvement. The methodology is based on a supply and demand approach to identify market, policy and institutional barriers, and options for reducing these barriers by changing policies and initiatives. The information pertaining to demand reveals how users perceive private providers and their potential. The information pertaining to supply gives a better understanding of the role that private providers play and the challenges they encounter. The institutional information shows how Congo's institutions have facilitated or hampered the private participation. The study methodology includes the following aspects: (i) presentation of the general context of the private health sector in Congo, (ii) multidimensional analysis of demand, (iii) multidimensional analysis of supply, and (iv) analysis of institutional context. Options for action presented in this report include (i) policy and governance initiatives, (ii) regulatory initiatives, (iii) incentive initiatives, and (iv) concrete measures for public-private partnerships (PPP) in the health sector
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9705-3
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    Building better policies : the nuts and bolts of monitoring and evaluation systems (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387771 , 9780821395059
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.8/8
    Keywords: Administrative agencies Evaluation ; Human services Evaluation ; Public administration Evaluation ; Administrative agencies Evaluation ; Human services Evaluation ; Public administration Evaluation ; Administrative agencies ; Human services ; Public administration
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionConceptual framework for monitoring and evaluation -- Defining the type of m&e system: clients, intended uses, and utilization -- Conducting diagnoses of M&E systems and capacities -- Key steps to design and implement M&E for individual country service agencies -- M&E systems and the budget -- Use of social accountability tools and information technologies in monitoring and evaluation -- Defining and using performance indicators and targets in government M&E systems -- Key choices for a menu of evaluations -- Reconstructing baseline data for impact evaluation and results measurement -- Combining quantitative and qualitative methods for program monitoring and evaluation: why are mixed-method designs best? -- The Mexican government's M&E system -- Chile's monitoring and evaluation system, 1994-2010 -- The Australian government's M&E system -- The Canadian monitoring and evaluation system.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8777-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Concentrating solar power in developing countries : regulatory and financial incentives for scaling up (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.792/3091724
    Keywords: Energy development ; Energy industries Finance ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power ; Energy development ; Energy industries Finance ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9607-0
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    Carbon capture and storage in developing countries : a perspective on barriers to deployment (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 628.5/32
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9609-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 45
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    Design and performance of policy instruments to promote the development of renewable energy : emerging experience in selected developing countries (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396025
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/4091724
    Keywords: Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9602-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 46
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    Household energy access for cooking and heating : lessons learned and the way forward (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/13091724
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households ; Poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9604-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
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    The puppet masters : how the corrupt use legal structures to hide stolen assets and what to do about it (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821388940 , 0821388967 , 9780821388945 , 9780821388969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 267 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 364.16/8
    Keywords: Corporations Corrupt practices ; Fraud ; Corporations Corrupt practices ; Fraud ; Corporations ; Fraud ; Corrupt practices
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8894-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
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    Citizens and service delivery : assessing the use of social accountability approaches in the human development sectors (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389300 , 9780821389805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 363.6
    Keywords: Municipal services ; Social accounting ; Municipal services ; Social accounting ; Municipal services ; Social accounting
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8980-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    School health : a key component of education for all (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821379073 , 9780821383971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 299 p) , ill. (some col.) , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 371.7/1
    Keywords: School children Health and hygiene ; School health services Evaluation ; School health services Planning ; School hygiene ; School children Health and hygiene ; School health services Evaluation ; School health services Planning ; School hygiene ; School children ; School health services ; School health services ; School hygiene
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7907-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 50
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    The World Bank Group sanctions process and its recent reforms (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 41 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    DDC: 332.1/532
    Keywords: World Bank Group ; World Bank Group ; Economic assistance Corrupt practices ; Economic sanctions ; Economic assistance Corrupt practices ; Economic sanctions ; World Bank Group ; Economic assistance ; Economic sanctions ; Corrupt practices
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8969-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Public-private partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : designing crisis-resilient strategies and bankable projects (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387030 , 9780821387047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 124 p) , col. ill , 24 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.94
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8703-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    How to engage with the private sector in public-private partnerships in emerging markets (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821378632 , 9780821385524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 179 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.2/9
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Finance ; Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-170) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7863-2
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    Healthy partnerships : how governments can engage the private sector to improve health in Africa (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384724 , 0821384732 , 9780821384725 , 9780821384732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 152 p) , ill. (chiefly col.), maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.10967
    Keywords: Medical policy International cooperation ; Medical policy ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Medical policy International cooperation ; Medical policy ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Government Regulation ; Health Policy ; International Cooperation ; Private Sector ; Medical policy ; Medical policy ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Government Regulation ; Health Policy ; International Cooperation ; Private Sector
    Description / Table of Contents: Observation 1: health systems in Africa are in urgent need of improvementObservation 2: the private health sector in Africa is too large to be ignored, though it is only partly and often poorly integrated into the health system -- Observation 3: a minimum level of engagement is an important part of the solution -- Results from the data collection -- A different type of engagement : how governments partner with faith-based organizations (FBOS) across the region -- Engagement in low-resource environment -- Level of organization of the private health sector matters -- Refoms as a political process at the country level -- Engagement through health systems strengthening approach -- Key conclusions by domain -- Recommended actions by group of stakeholders -- Action plan for future research -- Toolkit for further guidance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8472-5
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  • 54
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    Special economic zones : progress, emerging challenges, and future directions (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821387634 , 9780821387634
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 319 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Special economic zones
    DDC: 338.8/7
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Sonderwirtschaftszone ; Entwicklungsländer ; Economic zoning ; Enterprise zones ; Export processing zones ; Foreign trade promotion ; Free ports and zones ; Economic zoning ; Enterprise zones ; Export processing zones ; Foreign trade promotion ; Free ports and zones ; Economic zoning ; Enterprise zones ; Export processing zones ; Foreign trade promotion ; Free ports and zones ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Freie Wirtschaftszone
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Thomas Farole and Gokhan AkinciThe thin end of the wedge : unlocking comparative advantage through EPZs in Bangladesh / Mustafizul Hye Shakir and Thomas Farole -- Success and statis in Honduras' free zones / Michael Engman -- China's investment in special economic zones in Africa / Deborah Brautigam and Tang Xiaoyang -- Partnership agreements in the China-Singapore (Suzhou) industrial park : lessons for joint economic zone development / Min Zhao and Thomas Farole -- SEZs in the context of regional integration : creating synergies for trade and investment / Naoko Koyama -- When trade preferences and tax breaks are no longer enough : the challenge of adjustment in the Dominican Republic's free zones / Jean-Marie Burgaud and Thomas Farole -- Fostering innovation in developing economies through SEZs / Justine White -- Early reform zones : catalysts for dynamic market economies in Africa / Richard Auty -- Planned obsolescence? : export processing zones and structural reform in Mauritius / Claude Baissac -- The gender dimensions of special economic zones / Sheba Tejani -- Low-carbon, green special economic zones / Han-Koo Yeo and Gokhan Akinci.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8763-4
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  • 55
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    Knowledge, productivity, and innovation in Nigeria : creating a new economy (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381962 , 0821381970 , 9780821381960 , 9780821381977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 171 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Private sector development
    DDC: 338.9669/06
    Keywords: Education Economic aspects ; Human capital ; Information technology Economic aspects ; Manpower policy ; Nigeria Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-166) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8196-0
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  • 56
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    Global economic prospects : crisis, finance, and growth 2010 (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821382268 , 0821382276 , 9780821382264 , 9780821382271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 164 p) , ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    Keywords: Economic forecasting ; Economic forecasting ; Economic history 1971-1990 ; Economic history 1990- ; International economic relations ; Economic forecasting ; Economic forecasting ; Economic history 1971-1990 ; Economic history 1990- ; International economic relations ; Economic forecasting ; Economic forecasting ; Economic history ; Economic history ; International economic relations ; Developing countries ; 1971-1990 ; 1990- ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Note: "ISSN: 1014-8906"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8226-4
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  • 57
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    Making monitoring and evaluation systems work : a capacity development toolkit (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381865 , 0821381873 , 9780821381861 , 9780821381878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxi, 493 p) , ill., maps , 24 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.3/57091724
    Keywords: Government productivity Evaluation ; Performance standards Evaluation ; Public administration Evaluation ; Total quality management in government Evaluation ; Government productivity Evaluation ; Performance standards Evaluation ; Public administration Evaluation ; Total quality management in government Evaluation ; Government productivity ; Performance standards ; Public administration ; Total quality management in government
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 470-479) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8186-1
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    Accelerating the education sector response to HIV : five years of experience from Sub-Saharan Africa (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821379321 , 9780821379325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxiv, 93 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Education and HIV / AIDS
    DDC: 362.196/979200967
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Health education ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Health education ; Government Programs ; HIV Infections prevention and control ; Health Education organization & administration ; Health Promotion organization & administration ; International Cooperation ; AIDS (Disease) ; Health education ; Government Programs ; HIV Infections ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; International Cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Promoting leadership by the education sector and creating sectoral demand for a response to HIV & AIDSHarmonizing support among development partners to better assist countries and reduce transaction costs -- Promoting coordination with the national AIDS authorities and enhancing access to AIDS funds -- Sharing information on HIV/AIDS with specific relevance to the education sector -- Strengthening the technical content and implementation of the education sector response to HIV/AIDS -- Conclusions and the way forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7932-5
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    Strategic environmental assessment in policy and sector reform : conceptual model and operational guidance (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821385593 , 0821385607 , 9780821385593 , 9780821385609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 222 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 333.7/14
    Keywords: Environmental impact analysis ; Strategic planning Environmental aspects ; Environmental impact analysis ; Strategic planning Environmental aspects ; Environmental impact analysis ; Strategic planning
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8559-3
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  • 60
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    The promise of early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381644 , 9780821381649 , 9780821377598 , 0821377590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxix, 188 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Palo Alto, Calif ebrary 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Vegas, Emiliana The promise of early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean
    DDC: 305.23109729
    Keywords: Child welfare ; Child development ; Child welfare ; Children Social conditions ; Children Social conditions ; Child development
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note: 1.An Analytical Framework for Early Childhood Development2.Overview of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Today -- 3.Evidence on Early Childhood Interventions from Around the World -- 4.Early Childhood Development Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 5.Increasing Early Childhood Development Program Coverage in the Region: The Need for Comprehensive Approaches -- 6.Conclusion.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-173) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-7759-8
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
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  • 61
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    Private sector participation in light rail-light metro transit initiatives (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821380850 , 082138130X , 0821381822 , 9780821380857 , 9780821381304 , 9780821381823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 289, [7] p) , col. ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.7
    RVK:
    QR 860
    Keywords: Street-railroads Finance ; Street-railroads Case studies Finance ; Urban transportation Finance ; Urban transportation Case studies Finance ; Street-railroads Finance ; Street-railroads Case studies Finance ; Urban transportation Finance ; Urban transportation Case studies Finance ; Street-railroads ; Street-railroads ; Urban transportation ; Urban transportation ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Note: "Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility , Includes bibliographical references (p. [291]-[295])
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8085-7
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    Investing in young children : an early childhood development guide for policy dialogue and project preparation (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 294 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.23109172/4
    Keywords: Child development / Developing countries ; Child welfare / Developing countries ; Early childhood education / Developing countries
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8526-5
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8526-5
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
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    A practical approach to pharmaceutical policy (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383868 , 9780821383865
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 215 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.17/82
    Keywords: Pharmaceutical policy ; Pharmaceutical policy ; Developed Countries ; Drug Industry organization & administration ; Government Regulation ; Health Plan Implementation ; Health Policy economics ; Pharmaceutical policy ; Developed Countries ; Drug Industry ; Government Regulation ; organization & administration ; Health Plan Implementation ; Health Policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Pharmaceutical policy goalsIntroducing the stakeholders -- Patterns of dysfunction -- Key elements of a successful pharmaceutical policy -- Policy packages to achieve strategic long-term goals -- Factors influencing policy implementation -- Pharmaceutical policy illustrated in country examples -- Pharmaceutical policy outlook.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8386-5
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  • 64
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    Winds of change : East Asia's sustainable energy future (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384864 , 082138502X , 9780821384862 , 9780821385029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 154 p) , col. ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/4095
    Keywords: Energy industries ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy industries ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy industries ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources
    Description / Table of Contents: Regional energy challengesEnergy scenarios -- Baseline: unacceptable environmental damages and growing energy insecurity -- Sustainable future: improved environment and enhanced security -- Path to energy sustainability: transformative policy tools and financing mechanisms -- World bank's role: support shift toward sustainability.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-146) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8486-2
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  • 65
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    The promise of early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean (2009)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 188 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.23109729
    Keywords: Child development / Caribbean Area ; Child development / Latin America ; Child welfare / Caribbean Area ; Child welfare / Latin America ; Children / Caribbean Area / Social conditions ; Children / Latin America / Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-173) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7759-8
    URL: Volltext
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    Convenient solutions to an inconvenient truth : ecosystem-based approaches to climate change (2009)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381261 , 082138127X , 9780821381267 , 9780821381274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 114 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management
    Description / Table of Contents: The world bank and biodiversity conservation: a contribution to action for climate changeNatural ecosystems and mitigation -- Ecosystem-based adaptation: reducing vulnerability -- Biodiversity conservation and food, water, and livelihood security: emerging issues -- Implementing ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8126-7
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    Are all the sacred cows dead? : Implications of the financial crisis for macro and financial policies (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4807
    Parallel Title: Demirgüç-Kunt, Aslı Are all the sacred cows dead?
    Keywords: Economic policy ; Financial crises ; Economic policy ; Financial crises
    Abstract: "The recent global financial crisis has shaken the confidence of developed and developing countries alike in the very blueprint of financial and macro policies that underlie the western capitalist systems. In an effort to contain the crisis from spreading, the authorities in the US and many European governments have taken unprecedented steps of providing extensive liquidity, giving assurances to bank depositors and creditors that include blanket guarantees, and structuring bail-out programs that include taking large ownership stakes in financial institutions, in addition to establishing programs for direct provision of credit to non-financial institutions. Emphasizing the importance of incentives and tensions between short term and longer term policy responses to crisis management, this paper draws on a large body of research evidence and country experiences to discuss the implications of the current crisis for financial and macroeconomic policies going forward. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4807
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    Month of birth and children's health in India (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4813
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Month of birth and children's health in India
    Keywords: Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene ; Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene
    Abstract: "The authors use data from three waves of the India National Family Health Survey to explore the relationship between the month of birth and the health outcomes of young children in India. They find that children born during the monsoon months have lower anthropometric scores compared with children born during the fall and winter months. The authors propose and test four hypotheses that could explain such a correlation. The results emphasize the importance of seasonal variations in affecting environmental conditions at the time of birth and determining the health outcomes of young children in India. Policy interventions that affect these conditions could effectively impact the health and achievement of these children, in a manner similar to nutrition and micronutrient supplementation programs. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4813
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    Vocational schooling, labor market outcomes, and college entry (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4814
    Parallel Title: Chen, Dandan Vocational schooling, labor market outcomes, and college entry
    Keywords: Education, Secondary ; Vocational education ; Education, Secondary ; Vocational education
    Abstract: "This paper examines the differentiated outcomes of vocational and general secondary academic education, particularly in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data from a panel of two waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 1997 and 2000, the paper tracks a cohort of high school students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and/or earnings premium; (2) attendance at vocational schools leads to significantly lower academic achievement as measured by national test scores; and (3) There is no stigma attached to attendance at vocational schools that results in a disadvantage in access to tertiary education; rather, it is the lower academic achievement associated with attendance at vocational school that lowers the likelihood of entering college. The empirical approach of this paper addresses two limitations of the existing literature in this area. First, it takes into account the observation censoring issue due to college entry when evaluating labor market outcomes of secondary school graduates. Second, using an instrumental variable approach, the paper also treats endogeneity of household choice of vocational versus academic track of secondary education, teasing out the net effect of secondary school choice on labor market and schooling outcomes. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4814
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    The investment climate in 16 Indian states (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4817
    Parallel Title: Iarossi, Giuseppe The investment climate in 16 Indian states
    Keywords: Investments States ; Investments States
    Abstract: "In this paper, the author attempts to identify the characteristics of the business climate in India that can help explain the different performance of individual states in terms of investment and growth. The paper develops a new Investment Climate Index aimed at summarizing the aspects of the business environment that entrepreneurs consider when deciding whether to invest. Using this index, the author explores the investment climate in several typologies of Indian states and identify the key features of a poor business environment in India. The analysis shows that infrastructure and institutions remain the main bottlenecks in the country's private sector development. More specifically, power, transportation, corruption, tax regulations, and theft are major factors explaining the poor business environment in some Indian states. Infrastructure appears to be the single most important constraint, as it is particularly binding in states that show low levels of domestic investment and GDP growth. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4817
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    Political institutions and human development : Does democracy fulfil its 'constructive' and 'instrumental' role? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4818
    Parallel Title: Vollmer, Sebastian Political institutions and human development
    Keywords: Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development
    Abstract: "Institutions are a major field of interest in the study of development processes. The authors contribute to this discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human development. First, they elaborate a theoretical argument why and under what conditions democracies compared to autocratic political systems might perform better with regards to the provision of public goods. Due to higher redistributive concerns matched to the needs of the population democracies should show a higher level of human development. In the following they analyze whether our theoretical expectations are supported by empirical facts. The authors perform a static panel analysis over the period of 1970 to 2003. The model confirms that living in a democratic system positively affects human development measured by life expectancy and literacy rates even controlling for GDP. By analyzing interaction effects they find that the performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of health provision in more unequal societies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4818
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    Age at first child : does education delay fertility timing? the case of Kenya (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4833
    Parallel Title: Ferre, Celine Age at first child
    Keywords: Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy ; Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy
    Abstract: "Completing additional years of education necessarily entails spending more time in school. There is naturally a rather mechanical effect of schooling on fertility if women tend not to have children while continuing to attend high school or college, thus delaying the beginning of and shortening their reproductive life. This paper uses data from the Kenyan Demographic and Health Surveys of 1989, 1993, 1998, and 2003 to uncover the impact of staying one more year in school on teenage fertility. To get around the endogeneity issue between schooling and fertility preferences, the analysis uses the 1985 Kenyan education reform as an instrument for years of education. The authors find that adding one more year of education decreases by at least 10 percentage points the probability of giving birth when still a teenager. The probability of having one's first child before age 20, when having at least completed primary education, is about 65 percent; therefore, for this means a reduction of about 15 percent in teenage fertility rates for this group. One additional year of school curbs the probability of becoming a mother each year by 7.3 percent for women who have completed at least primary education, and 5.6 percent for women with at least a secondary degree. These results (robust to a wide array of specifications) are of crucial interest to policy and decision makers who set up health and educational policies. This paper shows that investing in education can have positive spillovers on health. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4833
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
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    Democracy and reforms (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4835
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Democracy and reforms
    Keywords: Democracy ; Economic policy ; Democracy ; Economic policy
    Abstract: "The authors use a sample of 147 countries to investigate the link between democracy and reforms. Democracy may be conducive to reforms, because politicians have the incentive to embrace growth-enhancing reforms to win elections. By contrast, authoritarian regimes do not have to worry as much about public opinion and may undertake reforms that are painful in the short run but bring future prosperity. This paper tests these hypotheses, using data on micro-economic reforms from the World Bank's Doing Business database. These data do not suffer the endogeneity issues associated with other datasets on changes in economic institutions. The results provide robust support for the claim that democracy is good for growth-enhancing reforms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4835
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 74
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    Bank activity and funding strategies : the impact on risk and returns (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4837
    Parallel Title: Demirgüç-Kunt, Aslı Bank activity and funding strategies
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Financial crises ; Banks and banking ; Financial crises
    Abstract: "This paper examines the implications of bank activity and short-term funding strategies for bank risk and returns using an international sample of 1,334 banks in 101 countries leading up to the 2007 financial crisis. Expansion into non-interest income generating activities such as trading increases the rate of return on assets, and it may offer some risk diversification benefits at very low levels. Non-deposit, wholesale funding, by contrast, lowers the rate of return on assets, although it can offer some risk reduction at commonly observed low levels of non-deposit funding. A sizeable proportion of banks, however, attract most of their short-term funding in the form of non-deposits at a cost of enhanced bank fragility. Overall, banking strategies that rely prominently on generating non-interest income or attracting non-deposit funding are very risky, which is consistent with the demise of the U.S. investment banking sector. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4837
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 75
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    Determinants of international emergency aid : humanitarian need only? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4839
    Parallel Title: Fink, Guenther Determinants of international emergency aid
    Keywords: Disaster relief ; Natural disasters ; Disaster relief ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "The authors use an original data set covering more than 400 recent natural disasters to analyze the determinants of international emergency aid. Although humanitarian need is a major determinant of emergency relief payments, the results imply that political and strategic factors play a crucial role in the emergency aid allocation. On average, donor governments favor smaller, geographically closer, and oil exporting countries, and display significant biases in favor of politically less aligned countries as well as toward their former colonies. The authors also test and reject the independence of donors' aid decisions, finding strong evidence for bandwagon effects in humanitarian assistance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4839
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 76
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    What drives firm productivity growth ? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4841
    Parallel Title: Anós Casero, Paloma What drives firm productivity growth ?
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Industrial productivity
    Abstract: "This paper presents new evidence on the causal links between changes in the business environment and firm productivity growth. It contributes to the literature in three important aspects. First, it constructs a unique database merging information from two large firm-level databases. The samples of both databases are merged on four criteria-country, sub-national location, firm size, and year-producing a panel of 22,004 firms in eight economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia,, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. Second, the paper addresses shortcomings of earlier studies, namely reverse causation, multicollinearity, and unreliable productivity estimates. Firm productivity growth is estimated drawing on corporate financial data from manufacturing firms included in the AMADEUS database. Changes in the business environment are estimated from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys conducted in 2002 and 2005. Multicollinearity problems in the full model regression are mitigated by constructing a set of six aggregate indicators of the business environment (using principal component analysis). The paper finds that, over the period 2001 to 2004, an increase of one standard deviation in infrastructure quality, financial development, governance, labor market flexibility, labor quality, and market competition raises the total factor productivity of the average firm by 9.8, 7.8, 3.2, 3.4, 5.8, and 3 percent, respectively. Lastly, the paper decomposes firm productivity growth and ranks the relative impact of changes in these six aspects of the business environment by country, by firm size, and by industry. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4841
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 77
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    Regulatory reform : integrating paradigms (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4842
    Parallel Title: Torre, Augusto de la Regulatory reform
    Keywords: Subprime mortgage loans ; Subprime mortgage loans
    Abstract: "The Subprime crisis largely resulted from failures to internalize systemic risk evenly across financial intermediaries and recognize the implications of Knightian uncertainty and mood swings. A successful reform of prudential regulation will need to integrate more harmoniously the three paradigms of moral hazard, externalities, and uncertainty. This is a tall order because each paradigm leads to different and often inconsistent regulatory implications. Moreover, efforts to address the central problem under one paradigm can make the problems under the others worse. To avoid regulatory arbitrage and ensure that externalities are uniformly internalized, all prudentially regulated intermediaries should be subjected to the same capital adequacy requirements, and unregulated intermediaries should be financed only by regulated intermediaries. Reflecting the importance of uncertainty, the new regulatory architecture will also need to rely less on markets and more on "holistic" supervision, and incorporate countercyclical norms that can be adjusted in light of changing circumstances. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/17/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4842
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
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    Assessing the impact of political economy factors on rules of origin under NAFTA (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4848
    Parallel Title: Portugal-Pérez, Alberto Assessing the impact of political economy factors on rules of origin under NAFTA
    Keywords: Certificates of origin ; Certificates of origin
    Abstract: "Rules of origin are legitimate policy instruments to prevent trade deflection in a preferential trade agreement short of a customs union. Trade deflection takes place when a product imported into the preferential trade agreement through the member with the lowest external tariff is transhipped to a higher-tariff member, while yielding a benefit for the re-exporter. Yet, when captured by special interest groups, rules of origin can restrict trade beyond what is needed to prevent trade deflection. By how much do political economy factors account for the stringency of rules of origin? This study quantifies the impact of both determinants - those considered "justifiable" because they prevent trade deflection and those deemed to arise from "political economy" forces - on the restrictiveness of rules of origin under the North American Free Trade Agreement, approximated by a restrictiveness index. The main finding is that political economy forces, especially from the United States, raised significantly the restrictiveness of the rules of origin. Indeed, in industries where political-economy forces were strong prior to the North American Free Trade Agreement, as when the U.S. Most Favored Nation tariff was high or the revealed comparative advantage of Mexico (the United States) was strong (weak), more stringent rules of origin were introduced. Thus, stricter rules of origin are associated with higher production costs reducing the potential benefits of enhanced market access that is initially pursued by this type of agreement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4848
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 79
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    Inclusive growth analytics : framework and application (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4851
    Parallel Title: Ianchovichina, Elena Inclusive growth analytics
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964- ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964-
    Abstract: "This paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, applied country-specific poverty and growth analyses have been done separately. This paper describes the conceptual elements for an analytical strategy aimed to integrate these two strands of analyses, and to identify and prioritize country-specific constraints to sustained and inclusive growth. The authors apply the framework to the case of Zambia. The analysis suggests that income growth in Zambia is constrained by poor access to domestic and international markets, inputs, extension services, and information. High indirect costs - mostly attributable to infrastructure service-related inputs in production including energy, transport, telecom, water, but also insurance, marketing, and professional services - undermine Zambia's competitiveness, limit job creation, and therefore serve as a major constraint to inclusive growth. Improving the quality and access to secondary and tertiary education is essential if the poor are to benefit from future growth of the non-farm economy. Weak governance and, in particular, poor government effectiveness are factors behind the market coordination failures and the identified government failures, and are as such major obstacles to inclusive growth in Zambia. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4851
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 80
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    Long-term financial incentives and investment in daughters : evidence from conditional cash transfers in north India (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4860
    Parallel Title: Sinha, Nistha Long-term financial incentives and investment in daughters
    Keywords: Daughters ; Health status indicators ; Human capital ; Sex of children, Parental preferences for ; Daughters ; Health status indicators ; Human capital ; Sex of children, Parental preferences for
    Abstract: "Since the early 1990s, several states in India have introduced financial incentive programs to discourage son preference among parents and encourage investment in daughters' education and health. This study evaluates one such program in the state of Haryana, Apni Beti Apna Dhan (Our Daughter, Our Wealth). Since 1994, eligible parents in Haryana have been offered a financial incentive if they give birth to a daughter. The incentive consists of an immediate cash grant and a long-term savings bond redeemable on the daughter's 18th birthday provided she is unmarried, with additional bonuses for education. Although no specific program participation data are available, we estimate early intent-to-treat program effects on mothers (sex ratio among live children, fertility preferences) and children (mother's use of antenatal care, survival, nutritional status, immunization, schooling) using statewide household survey data on fertility and child health, and constructing proxies for household and individual program eligibility. The results based on this limited data imply that Apni Beti Apna Dhan had a positive effect on the sex ratio of living children, but inconclusive effects on mothers' preferences for having female children as well as total desired fertility. The findings also show that parents increased their investment in daughters' human capital as a result of the program. Families made greater post-natal health investments in eligible girls, with some mixed evidence of improving health status in the short and medium term. Further evidence also suggests that the early cohort of eligible school-age girls was not significantly more likely to attend school; however, conditional on first attending any school, they may be more likely to continue their education. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4860
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 81
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    Wind power development : economics and policies (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4868
    Parallel Title: Van Kooten, G. C Wind power development
    Keywords: Wind power ; Wind power
    Abstract: "This study reviews the prospects of wind power at the global level. Existing studies indicate that the earth's wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1 percent of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40 percent annual growth in wind generating capacity over the past 25 years. More than 98 percent of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. It has been estimated that wind power could supply 7 to 34 percent of global electricity needs by 2050. However, wind power faces a large number of technical, economic, financial, institutional, market, and other barriers. To overcome these barriers, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital subsidies, tax incentives, tradable energy certificates, feed-in tariffs, grid access guarantees and mandatory standards. Besides these policies, climate change mitigation initiatives resulting from the Kyoto Protocol (e.g., CO2-emission reduction targets in developed countries and the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries) have played a significant role in promoting wind power. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/19/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4868
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 82
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    Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4871
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unskilled labor ; Labor market ; Unskilled labor
    Abstract: "In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4871
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
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    Small businesses in South Africa : who outsources tax compliance work and why? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4873
    Parallel Title: Coolidge, Jacqueline G Small businesses in South Africa
    Keywords: Small business Taxation ; Small business Taxation
    Abstract: "The authors use firm-level survey data on 998 small and medium enterprises registered for tax in South Africa regarding tax compliance costs to investigate the use of outsourcing to complete tax compliance tasks. Overall, about 43 percent of the enterprises do all their tax compliance work in-house, 11 percent outsource all their tax compliance work, and the remaining 46 percent use a combination of both ("partial outsourcing"). The data display an inverted-U shape for outsourcing of tax compliance tasks: the smallest firms (those under R 300,000 turnover or well under US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4873
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 84
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    Economic modeling of income, different types of capital and natural disasters (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4875
    Parallel Title: Markandya, Anil Economic modeling of income, different types of capital and natural disasters
    Keywords: Capital ; Natural disasters Economic aspects ; Capital ; Natural disasters Economic aspects
    Abstract: "This paper provides empirical estimates of the impacts of natural disasters on different forms of capital (with a focus on human and intangible capital and natural capital), and on real gross domestic product per capita. The types of disaster considered are droughts, earthquakes, floods, and storms and their impacts are measured in terms of the number of people affected or people affected per capita. The authors find statistically significant reductions on the values of human and intangible capital and land capital as a consequence of the disasters, and these reductions are greater when the impacts last for longer periods. Based on the assumption that natural disasters indirectly affect the level of income via losses in capital, the authors estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function using the different forms of capital as inputs. The losses in income are found to vary across different countries and the type of natural disaster studied. However, a common finding is that the losses in income depend generally on two factors: the relative magnitude of impacts of a natural disaster and the values of different forms of capital. The estimates in this paper are national level figures and cannot be useful in predicting the cost of damages at the local level, where much larger amounts can be experienced per capita. Nevertheless, the estimates provide some indication of magnitudes for different disasters and for different groups of countries. More work and more data are needed to get a dynamic profile for the losses of capital and income. But given the study's results, the time profile is estimated to range typically between two and five years. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4875
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
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    Banking on politics (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4902
    Parallel Title: Braun, Matías Banking on politics
    Keywords: Bank directors ; Banking law ; Bank directors ; Banking law
    Abstract: "This paper presents new data from 150 countries showing that former cabinet members, central bank governors, and financial regulators are many orders of magnitude more likely than other citizens to become board members of banks. Countries where the politician-banker phenomenon is more prevalent have higher corruption and more powerful yet less accountable governments, but not better functioning financial systems. Regulation becomes more pro-banker where this happens more often. Furthermore, a higher fraction of the rents that are created accrue to bankers, former politicians are not more likely to be directors when their side is in power, and banks are more profitable without being more leveraged. Rather than supporting a public interest view, the evidence is consistent with a capture-type private interest story where, in exchange for a non-executive position at a bank in the future, politicians provide for beneficial regulation. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4902
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  • 86
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    Development strategy, viability, and economic distortions in developing countries (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4906
    Parallel Title: Lin, Justin Yifu Development strategy, viability, and economic distortions in developing countries
    Keywords: Economics ; Government holding companies ; Economics ; Government holding companies
    Abstract: "This paper presents a three-sector static model to explore the rationale for a series of institutional distortions in developing countries. The authors argue that, after World War II, motivated by a belief in the development of state-of-the-art industries as a means for nation building, the majority of developing country governments attempted to accelerate the growth of advanced capital-intensive industries. However, since developing countries are relatively rich in labor or natural resource endowments but not in capital endowment, advanced capital-intensive industries were not adapted to the endowment structures of these developing countries at the time. Enterprises in those industries were non-viable in open, competitive markets and could not survive without government subsidization or protection. The model shows that, in order to mobilize resources into the capital-intensive, advanced sectors, it is necessary for governments to use distortionary policies such as taxes and subsidies, distortions of factor prices, directive allocation of resources, and nationalization of enterprises. Such distortions enable developing countries to set up advanced, capital-intensive industries in the early stage of their development. However, they also tend to suppress incentives, misallocate resources, and make the economy inefficient. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4906
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  • 87
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    How can donors help build global public goods in health ? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4907
    Parallel Title: Das Gupta, Monica How can donors help build global public goods in health ?
    Keywords: Medical assistance ; Medical assistance
    Abstract: "Aid to developing countries has largely neglected the population-wide health services that are core to communicable disease control in the developed world. These mostly non-clinical services generate "pure public goods" by reducing everyone's exposure to disease through measures such as implementing health and sanitary regulations. They complement the clinical preventive and treatment services which are the donors' main focus. Their neglect is manifested, for example, in a lack of coherent public health regulations in countries where donors have long been active, facilitating the spread of diseases such as avian flu. These services can be inexpensive, and dramatically reduce health inequalities. Sri Lanka spends less than 0.2% of GDP on its well-designed population-wide services, which contribute to the country's high levels of health equity and life expectancy despite low GDP per head and civil war. Evidence abounds on the negative externalities of weak population-wide health services. Global public health security cannot be assured without building strong national population-wide health systems to reduce the potential for communicable diseases to spread within and beyond their borders. Donors need greater clarity about what constitutes a strong public health system, and how to build them. The paper discusses gaps in donors' approaches and first steps toward closing them. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4907
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  • 88
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    Natural disasters, self-insurance and human capital investment : evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Malawi (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4910
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi Natural disasters, self-insurance and human capital investment
    Keywords: Human capital ; Natural disasters ; Human capital ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "This paper examines the impacts of disasters on dynamic human capital production using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The empirical results show that the accumulation of biological human capital prior to disasters helps children maintain investments in the post-disaster period. Biological human capital formed in early childhood (long-term nutritional status) plays a role of insurance with resilience to disasters by protecting schooling investment and outcomes, although disasters have negative impacts on investment. In Bangladesh, children with more biological human capital are less affected by the adverse effects of floods, and the rate of investment increases with the initial human capital stock in the post-disaster recovery process. In Ethiopia and Malawi, where droughts are rather frequent, exposure to highly frequent droughts in some cases reduces schooling investment but the negative impacts are larger among children embodying less biological human capital. Asset holdings prior to the disasters, especially the household's stock of intellectual human capital, also helps maintain schooling investments at least to the same degree as the stock of human capital accumulated in children prior to the disasters. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4910
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  • 89
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    Paying the price for unreliable power supplies : in-house generation of electricity by firms in Africa (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4913
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Paying the price for unreliable power supplies
    Keywords: Electric power production ; Electric power production
    Abstract: "This paper documents the prevalence of in-house generation of electric power by firms in Sub-Saharan Africa and attempts to identify the underlying causes. The analysis is based on two data sources. The UDI World Electric Power Plants Data Base (WEPP), a global inventory of electric power generating units, provides a detailed inventory of in-house generation at the country level. The World Bank's Enterprise Survey Database captures business perceptions of the obstacles to enterprise growth for 8,483 currently operating firms in 25 African countries. Overall, so-called own generation by firms-which has been on the rise in recent years-accounts for about 6 percent of installed generation capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa (equivalent to at least 4,000 MW of installed capacity). However, this share doubles to around 12 percent in the low-income countries, the post-conflict countries, and more generally on the Western side of the continent. In a handful of countries own generation represents more than 20 percent of capacity. Rigorous empirical analysis shows that unreliable public power supplies is far from being the only or even the largest factor driving generator ownership. Firm characteristics have a major influence-in particular, the probability of owning a generator doubles in large firms relative to small ones. Our model predicts that the prevalence of own generation would remain high (at around 20 percent) even if power supplies were perfectly reliable, suggesting that other factors, such as emergency back-up and export regulations, play a critical role in the decision to own a generator. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4913
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
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    Exit and save : migration and saving under violence (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4918
    Parallel Title: Grun, Rebekka E Exit and save
    Keywords: Saving and investment ; Saving and investment ; Colombia Emigration and immigration ; Colombia Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "This paper examines how households trade off migration and savings when subject to exogenous violence. The authors propose that households under violence decide jointly on migration and saving, because a higher asset-stock is more difficult to carry to a new place. When confronted with exogenous violence, households are expected to consider migration, and reduce their assets, both in order to reduce their exposure to violence, and to make migration easier. In some cases, after a migration decision has been taken, savings can increase as a function of violence to ensure a minimum bundle to carry. Empirical evidence from rich Colombian micro-data supports the conceptual framework for violence that carries a displacement threat, such as guerrilla attacks. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4918
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
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    Poverty and income seasonality in Bangladesh (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4923
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Poverty and income seasonality in Bangladesh
    Keywords: Income ; Poverty ; Income ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Seasonal poverty in Bangladesh, locally known as monga, refers to seasonal deprivation of food during the pre-harvest season of Aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that average household income and consumption are much lower during monga season than in other seasons, and that seasonal income greatly influences seasonal consumption. However, lack of income and consumption smoothing is more acute in greater Rangpur, the North West region, than in other regions, causing widespread seasonal deprivation. The analysis shows that agricultural income diversification accompanied by better access to micro-credit, irrigation, education, electrification, social safety net programs, and dynamic labor markets has helped reduce seasonality in income and poverty in regions other than Rangpur in the recent past. Hence, government policies should promote income diversification through infrastructure investments and provide income transfers to the targeted poor to contain income seasonality and poverty in this impoverished part of Bangladesh. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4923
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
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    Optimal devaluations (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4926
    Parallel Title: Hevia, Constantino Optimal devaluations
    Keywords: Devaluation of currency ; Recessions ; Devaluation of currency ; Recessions
    Abstract: "According to the conventional wisdom, when an economy enters a recession and nominal prices adjust slowly, the monetary authority should devalue the domestic currency to make the recession less severe. The reason is that a devaluation of the currency lowers the relative price of non-tradable goods, and this reduces the necessary adjustment in output relative to the case in which the exchange rate remains constant. This paper uses a simple small open economy model with sticky prices to characterize optimal fiscal and monetary policy in response to productivity and terms of trade shocks. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, in this framework optimal exchange rate policy cannot be characterized just by the cyclical properties of output. The source of the shock matters: while recessions induced by a drop in the price of exportable goods call for a devaluation of the currency, those induced by a drop in productivity in the non-tradable sector require a revaluation. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4926
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
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    The better you are the stronger it makes you : evidence on the asymmetric impact of liberalization (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4930
    Parallel Title: Iacovone, Leonardo The better you are the stronger it makes you
    Keywords: Free trade ; Industrial productivity ; Free trade ; Industrial productivity
    Abstract: "This paper studies how liberalization affects productivity growth using micro-level plant data. While previous studies have already shown the existence of a positive relationship between competition and economic performance, the novelty of this paper is that it analyzes not only the average impact of liberalization, but also goes "beyond the average" and shows how the liberalization can affect dissimilar plants in a different way. The author first develops a model which predicts that, while the impact of liberalization on productivity growth is positive "on average", more advanced firms tend to benefit more. In fact, liberalization generates two competing effects: on one side it spurs more innovative efforts because of the increased entry threat by foreign competitors, on the other side, enhanced competition curtails expected profits and reduces the funds available to finance innovative activities. The pro-competitive effect is weaker for less advanced firms as for them it is harder to catch-up with the "technology frontier". These predictions are then tested focusing on Mexican plants during the NAFTA liberalization. The results show that a 1 percent reduction in tariffs spurred productivity growth between 4 and 8 percent on average. However, for backward firms this effect is much weaker if not close to zero, otherwise for more advanced ones this effect is stronger with productivity growing between 11 and 13 percent. Consistent with the theoretical model the results are stronger in those sectors where the scope for innovative activities is more pronounced. These results are particularly important for policy makers because they suggest that while increasing competition may be good in spurring average productivity, it is also true that this effect does not hold for all type of firms, in particular more backward firms may need some complementary support policy to upgrade their capacities and keep up with the more competitive environment. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4930
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
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    Simple model frameworks for explaining inefficiency of the clean development mechanism (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4931
    Parallel Title: Rosendahl, Knut Einar Simple model frameworks for explaining inefficiency of the clean development mechanism
    Keywords: Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Greenhouse gas mitigation
    Abstract: "The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an offset mechanism designed to reduce the overall cost of implementing a given global target for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in industrialized "Annex B" countries of the Kyoto Protocol. This paper discusses various ways in which CDM projects do not imply full offset of emissions, thus leading to an overall increase in global GHG emissions when considering the Annex-B emissions increase allowed by the offsets. The authors focus on two ways in which this may occur: baseline manipulation; and leakage. Baseline manipulation may result when agents that carry out CDM projects have incentives to increase their initial (or baseline) emissions in order to optimize the value of CDM credits. Leakage occurs because reductions in emissions under a CDM project may affect market equilibrium in local and/or global energy and product markets, and thereby increase emissions elsewhere. Remedies against these problems are discussed. Such remedies are more obvious for the baseline problem (where one is simply to choose an exogenous baseline independent of the project) than for the leakage problem (which is difficult to prevent, and where a prediction of the effect must rely on information about overall market equilibrium effects). "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4931
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
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    Innovative firms or innovative owners? : determinants of innovation in micro, small, and medium enterprises (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4934
    Parallel Title: De Mel, Suresh Innovative firms or innovative owners?
    Keywords: Small business ; Technological innovations ; Small business ; Technological innovations
    Abstract: "Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation to consideration of the role of firm characteristics. The authors develop a model of innovation that incorporates the role of both owner and firm characteristics, and use this to determine how product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations should vary with firm size and competition. They then use a new, large, representative survey from Sri Lanka to test this model and to examine whether and how owner characteristics matter for innovation. The survey also allows analysis of the incidence of innovation in micro and small firms, which have traditionally been overlooked in the study of innovation, despite these firms comprising the majority of firms in developing countries. The analysis finds that more than one-quarter of the microenterprises are engaging in innovation, with marketing innovations the most common. As predicted by the model, firm size has a stronger positive effect, and competition a stronger negative effect, on process and organizational innovations than on product innovations. Owner ability, personality traits, and ethnicity have a significant and substantial impact on the likelihood of a firm innovating, confirming the importance of the entrepreneur in the innovation process. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4934
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
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    Social and governance dimensions of climate change : implications for policy (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4939
    Parallel Title: Foa, Roberto Social and governance dimensions of climate change
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Natural disasters ; Climatic changes ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "This paper addresses two vital concerns in the debate on adaptation to climate change. First, how can countries prepare to manage the impact of climate-change induced natural disasters? Second, how can countries ensure that they have the governmental institutions required to manage the phenomenal challenge of adaptation to climate change? A range of economic and institutional measures are tested for their potential effects on natural disaster resilience and the quality of environmental governance. The findings suggest an important role is played by social and political institutions in determining the ability of countries to adapt to climate change and respond to natural disasters, in particular in the degree to which countries have succeeded in gender empowerment and the development of a robust civil society and nonprofit sector. As the climate change challenge moves from that of "proving the facts" to that of "implementing change," the authors suggest that international policymakers, donors, and activists must increasingly focus on building domestic policy environments that are conducive to the delivery of more effective environmental legislation, for example through implementation of gender quotas and provision of support to civil society groups. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4939
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
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    Transforming the rebound into recovery : a World Bank economic update for the East Asia and Pacific region (2009)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821382675 , 9780821382677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 84 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Nov. 2009 ed
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Uniform Title: East Asia & Pacific update.
    Keywords: East Asia ; Pacific Area ; East Asia Economic conditions ; Pacific Area Economic conditions ; East Asia Economic conditions ; Pacific Area Economic conditions
    Note: "East Asia and Pacific update November 2009 , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8267-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
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    Building competitiveness in Africa's agriculture : a guide to value chain concepts and applications (2009)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821379526 , 082137964X , 9780821379523 , 9780821379646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 187 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    Keywords: Agricultural industries ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agricultural industries ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agricultural industries ; Agriculture
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7952-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
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    Banking in Brazil : structure, performance, drivers, and policy implications (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4809
    Parallel Title: Urdapilleta, Eduardo Banking in Brazil
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking
    Abstract: " The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light on financial performance and its drivers at a disaggregated level. The study illustrates how differences across market segments - which tend to be averaged out in aggregate analysis - need to be taken into account when analyzing performance and designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4809
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
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    Unemployment and worker-firm matching : theory and evidence from East and West Europe (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4810
    Parallel Title: Münich, Daniel Unemployment and worker-firm matching
    Keywords: Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment
    Abstract: "The paper tests three hypotheses about the causes of unemployment in the Central-East European transition economies and in a benchmark market economy (Western part of Germany). The first hypothesis (H1) is that unemployment is caused by inefficient matching. Hypothesis 2 (H2) is that unemployment is caused by low demand. Hypothesis 3 (H3) is that restructuring is at work. Our estimates suggest that the west and east German parts of Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia are consistent with H2 and H3. Hungary provides limited support to all three hypotheses. Poland is consistent with H1. The economies in question hence contain one broad group of countries and one or two special cases. The group comprises the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic and (possibly) East Germany. These countries resemble West Germany in that they display increasing returns to scale in matching and unemployment appears to be driven by restructuring and low demand. The East German case is complex because of its major active labor market policies and a negative trend in efficiency in matching. In some sense, East Germany resembles more Poland, which in addition to restructuring and low demand for labor appears to suffer from a structural mismatch reflected in relatively low returns to scale in matching. Finally, our data provide evidence that goes counter to one of the main predictions of the theories of transition, namely that the turnover (inflow) rate in the transition countries would rise dramatically at the start of the transition, be temporarily very high and gradually decline and approach the level observed in otherwise similar market economies such as West Germany. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4810
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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