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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (685)
  • 2000-2004  (685)
  • 2003  (685)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (684)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
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Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Stadt, Raum und Gesellschaft (from 1991-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Opladen : Leske + Budrich | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. f. Sozialwiss. | Pfaffenweiler : Centaurus-Verl. ; 1.1991 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-7548 , 2628-8133
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1991 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stadt, Raum und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Teilweise ungezählt
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role and Responsibilities of the Study Director in GLP Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et vérification du respect de ces principes
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document defines the roles and responsibilities of the Study Director in Good Laboratory Practice studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078673-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    China's Software Industry and Its Implications for India (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.205
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The Chinese software industry is small and underdeveloped, compared with its computer and other information technology (IT) hardware industry and compared with India’s software industry. Yet, current status is not necessarily a good guide to future prospects, as China’s recent history amply demonstrates. An important difference between the Chinese and Indian software sectors is the former’s close links to domestic users, notably industrial and commercial users. This has fostered intensive learning in the area of product development for a large and rapidly growing domestic market. India’s software sector, lacking such a dynamic domestic user sector until very recently, has thrived on exporting software services. Does the underdeveloped domestic user base constitute a long-term liability for India vis-à-vis China? Not necessarily, if Indian firms can play to their own strengths in process control and project management, perhaps forging alliances with Chinese companies strong in ...
    DOI: 10.1787/342184862706
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Des briques, des clics et de l'argent (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Clicks, Bricks and Spondulicks
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: « Des briques, des clics et de l’argent », tel est le titre d’un séminaire organisé par le PEB afin d’examiner les rapports entre environnement éducatif bâti et technologies de l’information (matériels et logiciels), ainsi que leurs conséquences en matière de coûts. La réunion a cherché à voir si l’on devait continuer à considérer les bâtiments à usage éducatif et les TIC comme deux entités distinctes, en concurrence pour les mêmes crédits, ou bien s’il ne fallait pas plutôt les considérer globalement comme une des composantes des infrastructures éducatives. Le séminaire international qui s’est tenu à Brisbane, en Australie, en mars 2003, s’est intéressé essentiellement aux constructions destinées à la formation professionnelle et à l’enseignement supérieur. Le séminaire a présenté les avantages d’une stratégie intégrée de planification des investissements prenant en compte les cycles prévus de durée de vie et les avancées des TIC telles que : l’instruction en ligne ; les modalités de la production du savoir et l’instruction flexible ; les politiques publiques et leurs implications pour les planificateurs ; les conséquences pour les décideurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/642621413604
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sierra University in Mexico (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'université de la Sierra au Mexique
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: Sierra University was designed to promote the development of the mountain communities in the State of Sonora, Mexico. The university offers high school graduates an opportunity to pursue their studies in their home region, in order to stimulate economic development and contribute to social cohesion in the highlands area. The university is equipped with modern facilities, while its architecture is rooted in the past.
    DOI: 10.1787/644714244466
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The role of national qualifications systems in promoting lifelong learning : towards an understanding of the mechanisms that link qualifications and lifelong learning (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 Seiten) , Illustrationen , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.3
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The aim of the OECD activity The Role of National Qualifications Systems in Promoting Lifelong Learning is to investigate how qualifications systems influence the volume, distribution and quality of lifelong learning. This paper takes forward thinking about the ways in which qualifications systems can influence participation in lifelong learning (LLL) and the quality of learning experiences. A set of 11 components and some 60 subcomponents of qualifications systems is proposed and delineated and LLL is described by a set of 18 indicators. If there are relationships between qualifications systems and lifelong learning that are not just spurious correlations, then there will be mechanisms by which this happens. These mechanisms are the kernel of this activity and a set of 11 are proposed together with a description of their possible effects on individuals, providers and employers. Mechanisms might also be termed ‘drivers’ of LLL and each one may act on different stakeholders in different ways and operate differently in changing social, economic and cultural conditions. Thus the complexity of the field of enquiry is recognised. The paper attempts to refine the conceptualisation of mechanisms that work through the aspirations of individuals, the planning process of providers and the needs of employers. The paper also outlines some tentative ideas for empirical analysis of the interactions that are at the heart of the activity.
    DOI: 10.1787/224841854572
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consolidating Germany's Finances : Issues in Public Sector Spending Reform (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.366
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: While the German federal fiscal system has been successful in promoting a high standard of living even in regions whose economic capacity is low, tensions have emerged. Firstly, it has been difficult to ensure a sustainable fiscal policy, and the size of the overall deficit makes it difficult for the automatic stabilisers to operate freely. Second, overlapping responsibilities between governments and the financing of public spending programmes via inter-governmental transfers provide individual governments with little incentives to contain costs and demand. Thirdly, social spending often discourages a higher utilisation of labour. Furthermore, public expenditure is going to have to cope with increasing pressure due to the substantial deterioration of the old-age dependency ratio projected for the next years and decades and the continuing fiscal burden associated with reunification. Hence, continuing the process of fiscal consolidation and improving the quality of government ...
    DOI: 10.1787/530550148634
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serbia and Montenegro: Kosovo (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.9
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Kosovo and Metohija used to be as an autonomous province an integral part of the Republic of Serbia. In 1989 Serbia revoked unilaterally the autonomy of the province. In the second half of the 1990s, the tensions between Kosovo Albanians and Serb military forces led to fighting. The international community and NATO began a military intervention in March 1999 to stop the violence and the humanitarian crisis. After three months of NATO air strikes against Serbian police and military positions the United Nations Security Council issued, in June 1999, Resolution 1244 which established an interim international administration in Kosovo (United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo — UNMIK). The main objective of this provisional administration is to work towards creating the conditions necessary to build provisional democratic institutions of governance to ensure a peaceful and normal life for all the inhabitants of Kosovo. The head of UNMIK is the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo (SRSG). Bernard Kouchner (France) served as the first head of UNMIK, from July 1999 to January 2001. He was followed by Hans Haekkerup (Denmark) who served from February 2001 to December 2001. Michael Steiner (Germany) served from January 2002 to July 2003. Since July 2003 the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo has been Harri Holkeri (Finland). The first municipal elections under the administration of UNMIK, for the establishment of the local institutions of municipal governments, were held in September 2000. The second municipal elections were held in October 2002. The general elections for the establishment of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) were held in November 2001.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk185rbqnw-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Au Québec, une école énergétiquement ultra-performante (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/19
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Ultra Energy-Efficient School in Quebec
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Pour la construction de sa plus récente école située au Québec (Canada), la Commission scolaire des Grandes-Seigneuries, qui se distingue depuis longtemps par sa maîtrise de l’énergie, voulait relever le défi de réaliser un projet particulièrement efficient, aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre voisines de zéro. Sur le plan architectural, une accumulation de moyens simples à la portée de tous servent à diminuer les besoins énergétiques. Ce projet de « démonstration » fait de l’école du Tournant une des plus performantes du Canada. L’initiateur du concept raconte.
    DOI: 10.1787/630361350645
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Venture Capital Policy Review : Portugal (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/19
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Portugal
    Abstract: The small Portuguese venture capital market is characterised by expansion-stage investments in manufacturing industries, primarily consumer goods. Government equity programmes, which have tended to be investment vehicles for European structural funds, have crowded out potential private investors. Recent initiatives, including a new venture captial law and a scheme aimed at leveraging private venture funding, should help stimulate venture activity. Measures are also needed to foster the emergence of more entrepreneurs, create a less risk-averse investment culture, and take fuller advantage of international venture capital flows. This paper analyses trends in Portuguese venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/613767247743
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
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    Projets de conception des bâtiments scolaires en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. New South Wales School Design Projects
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: En Australie, le Groupe de recherche sur les établissements scolaires de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud (une initiative commune du ministère de l'Éducation et de la Formation et du ministère des Travaux et Services publics) mène des recherches pratiques sur les questions ayant une incidence sur la conception des bâtiments scolaires. Il s'agit notamment de l'évolution des programmes, des stratégies d'enseignement, et de la gestion et de l'organisation des établissements scolaires. Le programme de travail du groupe de recherche comprend l'élaboration de notes d'orientation et de manuels de formation à l'intention des enseignants, des parents et des étudiants, ainsi que des architectes, des ingénieurs civils, des planificateurs et des administrateurs. Quatre exemples de projets récents sont décrits ci-après.
    DOI: 10.1787/700108663801
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controlling Public Spending in Iceland (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.360
    Keywords: Economics ; Iceland
    Abstract: This paper analyses the main features of Iceland’s public expenditure and addresses some key policy issues. While overall public spending is not high compared with Iceland’s Nordic neighbours, other OECD countries have made more progress in reining it in. Budget consolidation efforts and public-sector reforms temporarily reversed the upward trend in the government expenditure-to-GDP in the 1990s, but since then the ratio has edged up again. This highlights the need for enhancing spending control through further reforms. Indeed, although the expenditure management system has undergone significant changes over the past ten years or so, much remains to be done to increase budgetary discipline and improve the system’s ability to contain social-spending pressures, which will intensify as the population ages. In particular, weaknesses that need to be addressed would seem to relate to the budget process and the lack of a medium-term expenditure policy, along with insufficient performance ...
    DOI: 10.1787/641127305475
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investment in Population Health in Five OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 126 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.2
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: There is growing interest in the potential for preventive interventions to improve average health status in OECD countries and to tackle remaining health inequalities. The interest is in a wide range of interventions spanning not only health services but also measures to influence behaviour and lifestyles and action to improve the contribution of the social, economic and physical environments to health. These interventions are referred to in this paper as examples of a government’s ‘population health investment’effort. The paper notes the evidence on trends in health and health inequalities in OECD countries and reviews the general case for population health investments and the evidence on the effectiveness of selected interventions. It focuses on population health investment strategies and institutions in five member countries: Australia, Canada, Korea, Sweden and Switzerland. In particular, it reviews the methods of financing population health investments and levels of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/073776747532
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  • 14
    Online Resource
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    Macroeconomic Convergence in Southern Africa : The Rand Zone Experience (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.231
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In this paper we aim to answer the following two questions: 1) has the Common Monetary Area in Southern Africa (henceforth CMA) ever been an optimal currency area (OCA)? 2) What are the costs and benefits of the CMA for its participating countries? In order to answer these questions, we carry out a two-step econometric exercise based on the theory of generalised purchasing power parity (G-PPP). The econometric evidence shows that the CMA (but also Botswana as a de facto member) form an OCA given the existence of common long-run trends in their bilateral real exchange rates. Second, we also test that in the case of the CMA and Botswana the smoothness of the operation of the common currency area — measured through the degree of relative price correlation — depends on a variety of factors. These factors signal both the advantages and disadvantages of joining a monetary union. On the one hand, the more open and more similarly diversified the economies are, the higher the benefits they ...
    DOI: 10.1787/731274772335
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application des principes de BPL aux systèmes informatiques (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078727
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Série OCDE sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et la vérification du respect de ces principes no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Application of the Principles of GLP to Computerised Systems
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078727-fr
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  • 16
    Online Resource
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    Deux écoles de formation professionnelle au Québec (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Two Vocational Training Schools in Quebec
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Au Québec (Canada), la formation professionnelle est assurée dans des centres spécialisés soutenus par le ministre de l'éducation. Deux projets récents sont présents ci-dessous : une école de foresterie et de technologie du bois et un centre de formation aux métiers de l'acier.
    DOI: 10.1787/682784010284
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  • 17
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    Public/Private Partnerships in Quebec (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les partenariats d'affaire public-privé au Québec
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: For some time now in Quebec (Canada), the Treasury Board Secretariat (TBS) has been promoting public/private partnerships (PPP) as a solution to the need to rehabilitate the public building stock. The TBS describes this as the best value-for-money solution for liquidating the maintenance and operating deficits of public buildings such as schools.
    DOI: 10.1787/703517248050
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  • 18
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    Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé : La Corée 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264299481
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Health Care Systems; Korea 2003
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Comment faire pour améliorer la performance du système de santé coréen ? Y a-t-il eu des changements sur ce plan à la suite des réformes du secteur de la santé mises en œuvre en juillet 2000 ? Comment préserver une certaine équité en matière de financement et d’accès aux soins dans un système où les dépenses de santé sont, dans une large mesure, laissées à la responsabilité des usagers ? Sous quelle forme et par quels moyens le gouvernement doit-il intervenir pour accroître la rationalité financière de dépenses de santé en hausse ? Comment peut-il favoriser le recours à la médecine factuelle dans un système où le secteur privé est dominant ? Peut-on compter sur la responsabilité des usagers pour éviter une explosion des dépenses de santé ? Telles sont, entre autres, les questions abordées dans cet ouvrage qui cherche à élucider les enjeux de santé publique et la politique à mener dans un système mixte public-privé.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264299481-fr
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  • 19
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    Structural Statistics for Industry and Services : 1993-2000 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102729
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
    DOI: 10.1787/stat_indserv-2003-en-fr
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  • 20
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Sweden 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.39809485
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: With rapidly aging populations, old-age pension reform and early-retirement schemes alone may not suffice to provide adequate employment opportunities. Additional measures will clearly be needed on wage scales, job discrimination, skills acquisition, and working conditions. Attitudes will also have to change about working later in life. Little is known, however, about what countries have been or should be doing on those issues. This report on Sweden begins a series of around 20 OECD country reports intended to fill the gap. Each contains a survey of the main employment barriers confronting older people, an assessment of existing remedial measures, and policy recommendations for further action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199972-en
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  • 21
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluacion del Desempeño Ambiental; Mexico
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré au Mexique Slovaque évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105027-fr
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  • 22
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Autriche 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018914
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Austria 2003
    Keywords: Environment ; Austria
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à l’Autriche évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018914-fr
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  • 23
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    Power Generation Investment in Electricity Markets (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report looks at how investors have responded to the need to internalise investment risk in power generation and how these responses have affected the organisation of the power sector and technology choices. This study looks at several cases of volatile prices in IEA countries’ electricity markets, and finds that while market prices can be a sufficient incentive for new investment in peak capacity, government intervention into the market to limit prices may undermine such investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105577-en
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  • 24
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    Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Europe du Sud-Est 2003 : Volume 2 : FYROM, Moldavie, Monténégro, Roumanie, Serbie (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104853
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (468 p)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; South Eastern Europe 2003; Volume 2; FYROM, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia
    Keywords: Education ; Moldova, Republic of ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Romania ; Serbia
    Abstract: Les travaux dans le domaine de l’éducation, retenus comme l’une des priorités du Pacte de stabilité, sont un volet essentiel pour former le capital humain et promouvoir la paix et les valeurs démocratiques. Il a été demandé à l’OCDE d’assurer la coordination des activités du Groupe spécial sur l’éducation et la jeunesse dans le domaine de la politique générale de l’éducation et de la transformation des systèmes éducatifs et de réaliser des examens thématiques des politiques nationales d’éducation dans les pays de cette région. Ce projet a abouti à l’établissement de rapports sur chacun des pays et à une synthèse régionale qui offrent une analyse des systèmes éducatifs, des problèmes en jeu et des obstacles à la réforme. Ils présentent des recommandations, utiles aux décideurs publics nationaux, qui devraient permettre aux pays et organismes partenaires du Pacte de stabilité de mieux cibler l’aide régionale afin de faciliter l’intégration européenne des pays de l’Europe du Sud-Est. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopération que l'OCDE entretient avec les économies non membres de diverses régions du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104853-fr
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    Corporate Governance in Development : The Experiences of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Chile ; India ; South Africa
    Abstract: Corporate governance matters for national development. Studies of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa show that corporate governance has an important role to play in helping both to increase financial capital to firms in developing countries and to enhance those countries’ financial development as a whole. They further show that corporate governance matters can contribute greatly to achieving sustained productivity growth in developing countries’ real economies. The value of improved corporate governance for development cannot, however, be considered in isolation. In the financial sector, attention must also be given to measures to strengthen the banking sector and a country’s financial institutions as a whole. To gain most from improved corporate governance in the real economy, close attention must also be given to competition policy and to reforms of sector-specific regulatory practices. The book is for civil society, NGOs and research institutes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106598-en
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    Networks of Innovation : Towards New Models for Managing Schools and Systems (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100350
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , Ill.
    Series Statement: Schooling for Tomorrow
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réseaux d'innovation ; Vers de nouveaux modèles de gestion des écoles et des systèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Networks of Innovation; Towards New Models for Managing Schools and Systems (Hungarian version)
    DDC: 370.7
    RVK:
    QX 800
    Keywords: Education ; Governance
    Abstract: What are the gains and risks of modern alternatives to current education systems? This new report explores the practical implications of the profound changes underway in education. OECD countries are increasingly characterised as "network societies", raising the possibility that educational networks could progressively supplant cumbersome bureaucracies both for management functions and as sources of innovation and professionalism. As schools become more autonomous and the world more complex, what forms of organisation and governance will ensure that education does not just fragment into chaos? Such questions inspired seminars organised in Hungary, the Netherlands and Portugal with the OECD's Center for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). The resulting analysis is published in this latest report in CERI's Schooling for Tomorrow series, useful for both shapers and students of educational change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100350-en
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    The Future Policy for Radiological Protection : Workshop Proceedings, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: The international system of radiological protection is currently being revised with the aim of making it more coherent and concise. These proceedings present a significant block of stakeholder input, comprising the views of policy makers, regulators, radiological protection professionals, industry and representatives of both non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105713-en
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    Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants : Policies, Strategies and Costs (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Démantèlement des centrales nucléaires ; Politiques, stratégies et coûts
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is a topic of increasing interest to governments and the industry as many nuclear units approach retirement. This report, based upon data provided by 26 countries and analysed by government and industry experts, covers a variety of reactor types and sizes. The findings on decommissioning cost elements and driving factors in their variance will be of interest to analysts and policy makers in the nuclear energy field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104334-en
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    Assessing the Solvency of Insurance Companies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluation de la solvabilité des compagnies d'assurance
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This volume is the fourth of a series devoted to major policy issues in insurance. It comprises an in-depth analysis on the assessment and the management of the major technical and financial risks insurance companies have to face. It responds to the growing concerns of economic, financial, political and social actors in the insurance market. It addresses the ever increasing risk exposure of insurance companies that could endanger their financial health. This book constitutes a unique reference work for the attention of both OECD countries and emerging economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033962-en
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    Building Capacity to Trade : What Are the Priorities? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.223
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Doha Declaration stresses the “important role” of “well targeted, sustainably financed technical assistance and capacity-building programmes”. It dedicates a whole section to them, and reiterates the commitment of its membership to help the weakest among them participate effectively in the multilateral trade system. What does this mean in practice? What exactly is the purpose of “trade capacity building” (TCB)? Who should provide this assistance and how? Is it all gain for developing countries, or does it entail risks? As more and more funds are earmarked for TCB, often for the benefit of countries with very low absorption capacity, recipients and donors need clear answers to these questions. Based on a recent review of trade capacity building projects administered in African and Caribbean countries, and on recent analytical work in Eastern Africa, this paper attempts to provide some elements of response2 ...
    DOI: 10.1787/074824026731
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    Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : Suisse 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102583
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Pour faire face au vieilllissement rapide de la population, il est nécessaire de promouvoir de meilleures opportunités d'emploi pour les travailleurs âgés. On a déjà beaucoup fait état du besoin de réformer les régimes de pension de retraite et de préretraite. Pourtant, cela ne sera sans doute pas suffisant en soi pour relever significativement les taux d'emploi des plus âgés ni pour réduire le risque futur de pénurie de travailleurs. Les autorités publiques et les entreprises doivent sans tarder prendre des mesures pour adapter la fixation des salaires à une main-d'œuvre plus âgée, pour s'attaquer aux discriminations du fait de l'âge et pour améliorer les qualifications et les conditions de travail des travailleurs âgés. Un changement d'attitude s'impose aussi de la part des travailleurs âgés quant au travail à un âge plus tardif et à l'acquisition de nouvelles compétences. On sait relativement peu de choses sur ce que les différents pays de l'OCDE sont en train de faire ou devraient faire dans ces domaines. Afin d'y remédier, l'OCDE a lancé une série de rapports dans une vingtaine de pays. Le rapport sur la Suisse est le troisième de cette série. Chaque rapport national fait le tour des principales barrières qui existent concernant l'emploi des travailleurs âgés, évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des mesures existantes pour contrer ces barrières et présente une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102583-fr
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    Household wealth in the National accounts of Europe, the United States and Japan (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressurce (39 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2003, 2
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union ; Japan ; United States
    Abstract: This working paper has been presented and discussed at the October 2002 OECD National Accounts Experts Meeting. The objective of the paper is two fold: (1) present comparable results for household financial and non financial assets and liabilities for Europe, the USA and Japan, (2) analyse the change in the composition of household gross and net wealth of these countries and zones between 1995 and 2000. Data is based on official financial accounts sources. However the paper proposes (and estimate the corresponding data) an original classification, better adapted to analysis: pension funds assets are broken down between defined-benefit and defined contribution, life insurance between unit-linked and guaranteed-rate, mutual-funds between equity, bond and mixed. The paper discusses the reliability of the data, including non listed shares and non financial assets. The paper then discusses global and detailed compared trends of household wealth between countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/466322268303
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    Explaining Waiting Times Variations for Elective Surgery Across OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Waiting times for elective surgery are a significant health policy concern in approximately half of all OECD countries. The main objectives of the OECD Waiting Times project were to: i) review policy initiatives to reduce waiting times in 12 OECD countries; and ii) to investigate the causes of variations in waiting times for non-emergency surgery across countries. The first objective was addressed in an earlier report (Hurst and Siciliani, 2003; OECD Health Working paper, n.6). This report is devoted to the second objective. An interesting feature of OECD countries is that while some countries report significant waiting, others do not. Waiting times are a serious health policy issue in the 12 countries involved in this project (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Waiting times are not recorded administratively in a second group of countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/406746186162
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    Towards Sustainable Development : The Role of Social Protection (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 106 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Three main elements characterise the notion of sustainable development: first, a broad view of human well-being, in which environmental and social elements are important as well as economic ones; second, the view that many of the effects of today's decisions will last over time, thereby affecting the well-being of future generations; third, the view that many of today's problems have their roots in actions and policies in other fields, whose unintended consequences may not be coherent with society's broader priorities and aspirations. While particularly relevant in the environment field, Chapter 1 argues that these notions also permeate analysis of a large range of social concerns. This is so in particular because of their intergenerational dimension. Social problems affecting individuals in a given phase of their life-course often influence their opportunities at a later phase, as well as those of their offspring. Most social programmes also represent a form of intergenerational ...
    DOI: 10.1787/221667753377
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    Serbia and Montenegro - Republic of Montenegro (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.6
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Before the independence of the four other constituent Republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia), Montenegro was a constituent Republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The first multiparty elections in Montenegro took place in 1990 following the period of the one-party system, which had been in force after the Second World War. There were three main principles in the legal system, in relation to the Federal State of Yugoslavia and constituent Republics, as well as in relation to Serbia and Montenegro within the new State. The first was a principle of “double track” in the implementation of laws: (federal authorities execute federal law, and Republican authorities execute the laws of the Republic). The second principle was a presumption of power in favour of the Republics (Serbia and Montenegro). The third principle was the possibility of delegating the power from constituent Republics to the Federal State. These were the main features of the period after dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, and means that the competence of the Federal Administration was limited only to the fields that were explicitly envisaged by the Federal Constitution.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk186gh6hl-en
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    Recurring Events (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.3
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Feedback on operating experience from nuclear power plants is intended to help avoid occurrence or recurrence of safety-significant events. Well-established feedback systems exist on the national and international levels. One such example is the Incident Reporting System (IRS), jointly operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). This technical opinion paper presents the international systems used to collect operating experience, the role of recurring events within them, examples of recurrence and ideas about how to improve the situation. It is expected that managers in both nuclear utilities and regulatory bodies, persons involved in operating experience feedback and analysis, inspectors and technical support organisation staff will be interested in this publication.
    DOI: 10.1787/06012ba6-en
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    Macroeconomic Policy and Economic Performance (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.353
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the major changes in both monetary and fiscal policy that have taken place over the past two decades and, within the limits of the existing empirical research, evaluates the overall costs and benefits for the OECD economies. The general findings for monetary policy are that, while it was costly to lower inflation (in terms of output and employment), there are also benefits in terms of lower risk premiums on interest rates, a more favourable investment climate and an improvement in economic efficiency. That said, the paper concludes that there is not much of a case for lowering inflation further from its already low level. While inflation was being lowered, in a number of cases central banks were also undergoing rather significant changes to their institutional structures and policy-making frameworks. There is some limited evidence that these changes have helped in terms of better anchoring inflation expectations. At the same time there is no firm answer on how ...
    DOI: 10.1787/444611645531
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    Public Opinion Research, Global Education and Development Co-operation Reform : In Search of a Virtuous Circle (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.222
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Summary of trends on public opinion and international development co-operation in OECD DAC member countries: i) Public support in OECD DAC member countries for helping poor countries has remained consistently high for almost two decades: there is no aid fatigue; ii) Donations from the public to development and emergency NGOs have been increasing, mostly in reaction to emergencies and natural disasters in developing countries; iii) Concern among the public about aid effectiveness exists alongside continued high support for aid; iv) The relationship between public support and ODA volumes is complex, but a positive correlation exists at the national level between satisfaction with ODA volume, and reaching or bypassing the UN target of 0.7 per cent of Gross National Income; v) People’s understanding of poverty and development issues remains very shallow. Public awareness about ODA and development co-operation policies is also low; vi) Awareness does increase significantly as a result ...
    DOI: 10.1787/571103687188
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    Designing Tomorrow's School (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concevoir l'école de demain
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A seminar entitled "Designing Tomorrow's School" was organised by the OECD Decentralised Programme on Educational Building (PEB), the Irish Ministry of Education and Science and the National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, and was held in Galway, Ireland, in September 2002. Certain presentations made at the seminar are summarised here. Nicolas Chung of France's Ministry for National Education spoke on "Developing digital work areas for education". Giorgio Ponti of Cisem (the Research Institute of the Province of Milan and Italian Provinces Union) presented "The school of the future: an Italian perspective". Naoto Fukabori from Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) addressed "The trend in measures for school facilities in Japan". Jaime de la Garza of Mexico's Administrative Committee for the Federal Programme of School Construction (CAPFCE) spoke on "Multifunctional classroom facility: a challenge for tomorrow's education".
    DOI: 10.1787/662448503082
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    Educational Facilities in Slovenia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les équipements éducatifs en Slovénie
    Keywords: Education ; Slovenia
    Abstract: Since gaining independence in 1991, one of Slovenia's priorities has been to invest in education. The Ministry of Education, Science and Sport has been widely reforming its education system and investing its limited resources in the construction of buildings and their equipment for all levels of education. The government is working to overcome the problems it has encountered.
    DOI: 10.1787/661500005536
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    Discretionary Fiscal Policy and Elections : The Experience of the Early Years of EMU (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.351
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: An early criticism of the Stability and Growth Pact has pointed to its asymmetric nature and the weak mechanisms to prevent politically-motivated fiscal policies: its constraints would bite in downswings but not in upswings, especially if in the latter the electoral cycle increases the temptation to run expansionary policies. We find that the experience of the initial years of EMU lends support to this criticism. Overall, unlike the experience in the run-up to EMU, fiscal policies had an expansionary bias, and a “genuine” discretionary boost took place in correspondence to political elections. Both sign and composition of such discretionary changes are in line with the predictions of the recent literature on electoral budget cycles. Closer fiscal surveillance may help detect early such behaviour, but it is unlikely to curb the incentives to run politically-motivated fiscal policies when elections approach ...
    DOI: 10.1787/378575422756
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    India's Information Technology Sector : What Contribution to Broader Economic Development? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.207
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: What contribution can information technology (IT) make to India’s overall economic development? This paper provides an analytical framework centred around the concepts of comparative advantage, complementarities, and innovation. There is strong evidence that India has a strong and sustainable comparative advantage in software development and IT-enabled services. Complementarities — in particular some form of domestic hardware industry as well as growing demand for software within the domestic market — are also important to sustain the growth of the IT sector, as well as to broaden its developmental impact. The paper also reviews innovative experiments of IT use to improve interactions between citizens and governments, farmers and corporations, and students and teachers in rural areas. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of opportunities for future growth in IT-enabled services, constraints to such dynamics, and possible policy responses. India faces existing and potential ...
    DOI: 10.1787/415611470546
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    The Value of Pension Entitlements : A Model of Nine OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Pension systems are complex and comparing them across countries is therefore difficult. This paper adopts standard methodology to calculate prospective pension entitlements in nine countries. The modeling ncludes universal and resource-tested schemes, public and private earnings-related plans and mandatory efined contribution schemes. The results show gross pension benefits for workers on different levels of arnings and pension benefits net of tax. The paper also provides a detailed description of the parameters f the pension system. Retirement-income systems are about social protection, but this paper shows that countries interpret this oal very differently. Some focus on ensuring that pensioners have an adequate retirement income (in bsolute terms). Others base their systems on ensuring pensioners have an adequate income relative to their re-retirement income (or ‘replacement rate’). In Finland and the Netherlands, for example, mandatory ccupational pensions have no ceiling on ...
    DOI: 10.1787/232728581604
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    Productivity Growth in Service Industries : An Assessment of Recent Patterns and the Role of Measurement (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/07
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines recent patterns in productivity growth of service industries and analyses the role of problems in measuring service productivity growth on industry and aggregate productivity growth. At the aggregate level, unbalanced growth can be observed between a dynamic manufacturing sector on one hand and a rather stagnant service sector on the other. The service sector itself is, however, composed of a set of heterogenous industries with productivity growth rates ranging from low or negative rates to growth rates exceeding those of high-growth manufacturing industries. The empirical evidence suggests that low or negative productivity growth rates in several services are linked to measurement problems. Computing constant price service output is particularly important. Potential under-estimation of service productivity growth leads eventually to an under-estimation of aggregate productivity growth, via aggregation effects and the flows of intermediate inputs. There ...
    DOI: 10.1787/086461104618
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    An Environmentally Sustainable Development in Australia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/18
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une conception urbaine écologique en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: The future Kelvin Grove Urban Village in Queensland, Australia, is an example of how principles of environmentally sustainable design have translated into practice. Those responsible for the new project recognise the importance of building design that respects the environment by using resources efficiently and minimising pollution. The site’s master plan requires developers to comply with environmentally sustainable design principles adopted for the site’s buildings.
    DOI: 10.1787/643454680621
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    Un bâtiment industriel reconverti en école de filles en Australie (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Industrial Building Converted into a Girls School in Australia
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: A Perth, en Australie occidentale, un bâtiment à usage industriel a été reconverti en établissement secondaire pour répondre aux besoins spéciaux de jeunes filles confrontées à des difficultés pédagogiques et sociales. L’objectif était de créer un petit établissement capable d’accueillir une trentaine d’élèves et de répondre aux besoins d’adolescentes incapables de suivre une scolarité traditionnelle ou au sein d’un système indépendant.
    DOI: 10.1787/640462006207
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    An Industrial Building Converted into a Girls School in Australia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un bâtiment industriel reconverti en école de filles en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: An industrial building in Perth, Western Australia, has been converted into a secondary school to suit the particular needs of girls with educational and social difficulties. The aim of the building project was to provide a small school for approximately 30 students that caters to the needs of adolescent girls who are unable to operate within the mainstream or independent school systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/645105658528
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  • 48
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    Comparing Domain Name Administration in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.70
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide comparative information on the administration of domain names across the OECD area.
    DOI: 10.1787/233185680505
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  • 49
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    School Safety in France (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La sécurité scolaire en France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: The French government set up in 1995 the Observatoire national de la sécurité des établissements scolaires et d'enseignement supérieur, a national agency for safety in schools and higher education, bringing together the public owners of school buildings, representatives of staff and parents from public-sector schools and those under contract in the private sector, and the relevant ministries. Its mandate covers any issue concerning the safety of people, premises or equipment: solidity of buildings and fire risk, accident analysis and prevention, technology and science equipment, and major hazards.
    DOI: 10.1787/716351035433
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  • 50
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    Corporate Taxation of Foreign Direct Investment Income 1991-2001 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.365
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper constructs indicators of tax burden on FDI in order to review their trends and cross-country patterns. Over the 1990s, the overall tax burden on inward FDI (measured by the effective marginal tax rates) fell by 8 percentage points, reflecting corporate tax reforms in some OECD countries. Nevertheless, a large variation across host countries still remains. With the effective tax rates on inward FDI differing across host countries by as much as 28 percentage points for marginal FDI and by as much as 21 percentage points for infra-marginal FDI in 2001, a cross-country comparison of tax burden indicators shows that, irrespective of the tax burden indicators chosen, Canada, Iceland and Japan are persistently ranked as high-tax host countries over the 1990s. It is also found that there is more variation in the tax burdens faced by a parent company operating in different host countries than in the tax burdens faced by subsidiaries from different home countries operating in the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/218605563356
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    Poverty Reduction Strategies in a Budget-Constrained Economy : The Case of Ghana (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.220
    Keywords: Development ; Ghana
    Abstract: Analyses of responses to reforms in Ghana seem to indicate that current policies may be benefiting different segments of society disproportionately. Also, experience in the 1990s suggests that recurring budget deficits may adversely affect reform and poverty alleviation programmes. The aim of this paper is to carry out some experiments using variants of a stylised CGE model, to ascertain the possible effects on poverty of a range of budget-neutral redistributive income transfers. The analysis is based on a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Ghana for the year 1993, which has been substantially modified for the present application. The CGE model is a real-side, static model and therefore excludes the monetary and financial sectors and is designed in the tradition of other OECD Development Centre models. The experimental design follows one employed by Adelman and Robinson (1978) for Korea, and Chia et al. (1992) for the Côte d’Ivoire. However the experiments are designed with a view ...
    DOI: 10.1787/083265263465
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    The Impact of Parental Leave Statutes on Maternal Return to Work after Childbirth in the United States (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Although new mothers are more likely than ever to be in the labour force, the time around childbirth is a dynamic one, with women quitting work altogether or changing jobs to accommodate the demands of their infants. The passage of Family and Medical Leave legislation during the 1980s and early 1990s may have altered incentives for employment among mothers of young children. This paper will examine whether the FMLA or prior state-legislated leave packages were associated with changes in the continuity of employment for mothers following childbirth, changes in return to their previous employer, and changes in their post-return versus pre-return earnings. Data come from the 1984-1997 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its 1997 Child Development Supplement. Women who had a child post-FMLA return to work more quickly than those whose child was born prior to the FMLA, controlling for demographic factors and the state economic situation. Women who return are also more likely ...
    DOI: 10.1787/826588878522
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    Regulation and Investment (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.352
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: One commonly held view about the difference between continental European countries and other OECD countries, especially the United States, is that the heavy regulation of Europe reduces its growth. Using newly assembled data on regulation in several sectors of many OECD countries, we provide substantial and robust evidence that various measures of regulation in the product market, concerning in particular entry barriers, are negatively related to investment. The implications of our analysis are clear: regulatory reforms, especially those that liberalise entry, are very likely to spur investment ...
    DOI: 10.1787/206618567362
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  • 54
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    Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.72
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mettre les TIC à profit dans une économie numérique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy revisits ICT's contribution to economic performance using new and more recent data to assess the degree to which the findings that appeared valid at the end of 2000 remain intact. This new report also examines whether the policy conclusions from the previous OECD work require adjustment in the current economic environment, and what measures OECD governments should take to seize the benefits of ICT. The findings and policy implications of the work are summarised in this report; they reaffirm and elaborate those of the OECD Growth Study.
    DOI: 10.1787/233143713543
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  • 55
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    Female Labour Force Participation : Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.376
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries, including a number of policy instruments such as the tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, child benefits, paid maternity and parental leaves, and tax incentives to sharing market work between spouses. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), stronger tax incentives to share market work between spouses, childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leaves Unlike childcare subsidies, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Finally, female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082872464507
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    Application des principes de BPL de l'OCDE à l'organisation et la conduite des études multi-site (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078789
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Série OCDE sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et la vérification du respect de ces principes no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Application of the OECD Principles of GLP to the Organisation and Management of Multi-site Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078789-fr
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    Current Concerns for Austrian School Facilities (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions actuelles concernant les équipements scolaires autrichiens
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: The Austrian Institute for School and Sport Facilities (ÖISS) is responsible for current issues and problems related to the country's educational buildings. Four recent concerns of ÖISS's work are summarised here: schools as low energy buildings, electromagnetic fields and school buildings, chairs and tables for educational buildings, and school grounds - "learnscapes".
    DOI: 10.1787/675312380650
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  • 58
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    Incentives-based Competition for Foreign Direct Investment : The Case of Brazil (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2003/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Brazil
    Abstract: The general benefits of attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and the potential of FDI as a tool for regional economic development in particular, are commonly recognised by policy makers and analysts. A recent study prepared under the auspices of the OECD Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises concluded that FDI generally supports growth in developing, emerging and transition economies, irrespective of their initial state of development ...
    DOI: 10.1787/631632456403
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    The Currency Premium and Local-Currency Denominated Debt Costs in South Africa (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.230
    Keywords: Development ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the priorities set out in the Capital Flows Initiative of the NEPAD is to increase private capital flows to Africa, whereby providing African economies with longterm affordable and sustainable resources to finance their development. In this respect, lower debt costs may be of utmost importance in boosting investment and future output growth on the continent. This paper aims at identifying the determinants of South African currency premia — such premia usually form an important element of debt cost in developing countries — in order to assess the scope of South African economic policies for narrowing the spread on local-currency denominated debt. South Africa is one among very few emerging economies able to borrow long-term domestically and abroad in its own currency, the rand, and one of the few to have developed its domestic bond market fairly well. However, the rand nominal exchange rate has proved increasingly unstable and volatile over the last years. As a result ...
    DOI: 10.1787/608773542458
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    Social Policies, Family Types and Child Outcomes in Selected OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.6
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Child development and child well-being are major concerns in many OECD countries and are the subject of ongoing work at the OECD. These concerns have led to a search for policies to offset poverty, deprivation, vulnerability, and the risk factors that can trigger a lifelong cycle of disadvantage. It is in this context that we carried out a review of the research literature on child outcomes and of the different social policies that may affect them. The paper is organized in four parts: (1) a summary of child outcomes of concern in various OECD countries; (2) a discussion of one particular outcome, child poverty, and its negative consequences for children; (3) a summary of the research linking different family types with different outcomes; and (4) the social policies that may lead to different positive and negative outcomes. Our main conclusions from this literature review is that knowledge-building is proceeding, in particular, with regard to child poverty and the policies ...
    DOI: 10.1787/625063031050
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    Private Health Insurance in Australia : A Case Study (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: Despite universal public insurance coverage, private health insurance (PHI) covers almost half of the Australian population – a high coverage rate in comparison with most other OECD countries. Reflecting the belief that a well-functioning health care system should be based on a mixed system of insurance and provision, Australia’s policy makers have encouraged the development of private financing and delivery arrangements operating in parallel to the public system. PHI is seen as a vehicle for enhancing individuals’ choice of provider and care options, and for reducing cost and demand pressures on public hospitals. Policy makers have intervened substantially in the private health insurance market. Regulation has promoted risk-pooling and incentive policies have stimulated the purchase of private cover. This paper analyses the Australian private health insurance market. It describes how PHI interacts with the public system, and assesses its contribution to equity, efficiency and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/478608584171
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    Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries : Facts and Policy Responses (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Fertility rates have declined in most OECD countries to levels that are well below those needed to secure generation replacement. While attitudes towards this decline in fertility rates differ across countries, several OECD governments have introduced — or are considering — specific measures aimed at countering it. Such measures are often justified by government’s wish of either reducing some of the negative consequences of population ageing for society as a whole, or of removing obstacles that discourage those women wishing to have more children from doing so, because of the negative economic consequences of childbearing and of the length of the associated responsibilities. This paper provides a comparative overview of the evidence about the size, timing and nature of this decline in fertility rate across “mature” OECD countries, and about the effects of different measures introduced to deal with it. The first chapter of this paper reviews a range of indicators of the fertility ...
    DOI: 10.1787/568477207883
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    Measures Of Restrictions on Inward Foreign Direct Investment for OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.357
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides new measures of restrictions on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) for OECD countries. Several different types of restrictions are considered: limitations on foreign ownership, screening or notification procedures, and management and operational restrictions. These restrictions are computed for nine sectors and eleven sub-sectors, most of which are in services, and then aggregated into a single measure for the economy as a whole. According to the aggregate indicators, the last two decades, and especially the 1990s, have witnessed dramatic liberalisation in FDI restrictions. OECD countries are now generally open to inward FDI, although there remain substantial differences between countries and across industries. The most open countries are now in Europe, at least as far as statutory restrictions are concerned. The preponderance of remaining restrictions is in services, with almost no overt restrictions in manufacturing ...
    DOI: 10.1787/335043060125
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    Concevoir l'école de demain (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Designing Tomorrow's School
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Un séminaire intitulé « Concevoir l'école de demain », organisé par le Programme décentralisé de l'OCDE pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation (PEB), le ministère irlandais de l'Éducation et de la Science ainsi que la National University of Ireland (NUI, Galway), a eu lieu à Galway en Irlande, en septembre 2002. Certains des exposés présentés lors du séminaire sont résumés ci-après. Différents intervenants ont fait des communications sur les thèmes suivants : Nicolas Chung du ministère français de l'Éducation nationale sur « Vers des espaces de travail numériques pour l'enseignement » ; Giorgio Ponti du Cisem (Institut de recherche de la province de Milan et de l'Union des provinces italiennes) sur « L'école du futur : une perspective italienne » ; Naoto Fukabori du ministère japonais de l'Éducation, de la Culture, des Sports, de la Science et de la Technologie (MEXT) sur « L'orientation des mesures prises en faveur des équipements scolaires au Japon » ; Jaime de la Garza de la Commission administrative du Mexique pour le Programme fédéral de la construction scolaire (CAPFCE) sur « Les salles de classe polyvalentes : un défi pour les systèmes éducatifs de demain ».
    DOI: 10.1787/648505341538
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    Pharmaceutical Use and Expenditure for Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke : A Study of 12 OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.1
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This study presents the results of a joint analysis of patterns of consumption, expenditure, and unit expenditure for a core set of drugs aimed at preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. The current study examines the relationships among three pharmaceutical variables (expenditure, volume of drug use, and unit expenditure) classified according to eight therapeutic categories which are specific for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and stroke. It covers an 11-year time period, and specifies relevant country-specific structural features in a sample of 12 OECD countries. The data presented in this report show how the three descriptive pharmaceutical variables vary across these countries. The study also contains a preliminary exploration of factors associated with variation in these variables across countries and through time. Findings for each of the eight cardiovascular disease and stroke drug therapeutic categories investigated in this study are ...
    DOI: 10.1787/237273475872
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    Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur les transports écologiquement viables (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264299290
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Les ministres de l’Environnement des pays de l’OCDE ont approuvé lors de leur réunion de mai 2001 une série des lignes directrices pour progresser sur la voie des transports écologiquement viables (TEV). Ces lignes directrices, qui s’appuient sur les résultats et conclusions du projet sur les TEV auquel ont été associés de nombreux pays membres et non membres de l’OCDE, offrent une solution pour rendre la politique des transports plus viable et améliorer la qualité de vie. Elles ont été élaborées pour favoriser le développement économique et le bien-être individuel sans entraîner d’impact excessif au plan de la santé et de l’environnement ni appauvrir les ressources restreintes. Les lignes directrices pour les TEV guideront les pouvoirs publics, à tous les niveaux, dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de stratégies axées sur les TEV, lesquelles, pour être efficaces, devront prendre en compte les particularités géographiques et socio-économiques des pays ou régions. Ces lignes directrices constituent une approche souhaitable et réaliste pour le secteur des transports, mais elles trouveront aussi une application utile dans le développement durable d’autres secteurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264299290-fr
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    Australia's Oak Valley Aboriginal School (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'école aborigène de Oak Valley en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: In the Australian desert, a new school has been built for an Aboriginal community, replacing their previously transient school services. The design took into account the difficult site limitations and the community's needs and traditional values.
    DOI: 10.1787/714337078782
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    Questions actuelles concernant les équipements scolaires autrichiens (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2003/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Current Concerns for Austrian School Facilities
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: L'Institut autrichien pour les équipements scolaires et sportifs (ÖISS) est responsable des questions et problèmes actuels qui intéressent les bâtiments scolaires du pays. Quatre thèmes récents des travaux de L'ÖISS sont récapitulés ci-dessous : les écoles comme bâtiments à faible consommation d'énergie, les champs électromagnétiques et les bâtiments scolaires, les chaises et tables pour les établissements d'enseignement, et les terrains scolaires – « paysages d'apprentissage ».
    DOI: 10.1787/652565550550
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    Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Turquie 2002 : Une aide capitale pour la reprise économique (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264276017
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Turkey 2002; Crucial Support for Economic Recovery
    Keywords: Governance ; Turkey
    Abstract: Parmi les pays de l'OCDE, la Turquie est venue relativement tardivement à la réforme de la réglementation. Elle en a pourtant bien besoin. Depuis trente ans, l'économie turque souffre d'instabilité macroéconomique et d'inflation chronique, avec ce que cela implique à la fois au niveau des investissements et de la croissance. Les structures de gouvernance et de réglementation, restées peu efficaces, ont aussi contribué à la crise économique de 2001. Et pourtant, cet examen constate les efforts extrêmement encourageants actuellement entrepris pour réformer les secteurs économiques clés, l'administration publique et les cadres réglementaires. Ils semblent marquer une nette rupture avec le passé. Des éléments importants, tels qu'une politique de la concurrence claire, sont déjà en place. La lutte contre la corruption, entre autres, figure parmi les priorités, et des amendements à la constitution redéfinissent la relation entre les citoyens et l'État. La « dépolitisation » du secteur public et son renouvellement sur la base du mérite sont en cours. La réussite future dépendra de façon capitale de la poursuite de la mise en oeuvre du programme. En particulier, une volonté politique soutenue est indispensable bien au-delà du redressement consécutif à la récente crise. La Turquie est l'un des nombreux pays de l'OCDE à avoir demandé à cette Organisation d'examiner ses pratiques, institutions et réformes réglementaires nationales. Cet ouvrage présente une analyse et une évaluation générales, à l'échelle macroéconomique, des résultats et des enjeux de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines comme la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et l'ouverture des marchés. Il met tout particulièrement l'accent sur les progrès de la réglementation dans les secteurs de l'électricité, du gaz, du transport routier de marchandises et des télécommunications. Dans la même série : La réforme de la réglementation au Canada La réforme de la réglementation en Corée La réforme de la réglementation au Danemark La réforme de la réglementation en Espagne La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis La réforme de la réglementation en Grèce La réforme de la réglementation en Hongrie La réforme de la réglementation en Irlande La réforme de la réglementation en Italie La réforme de la réglementation au Japon La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas La réforme de la réglementation en Pologne La réforme de la réglementation en République tchèque La réforme de la réglementation au Royaume-Uni Le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation Synthèse, et le document d'appui en deux volumes : Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Étude sectorielle - Étude thématique ont été publiés en 1997.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264276017-fr
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  • 70
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    Insurance and Expanding Systemic Risks (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102910
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance et expansion des risques systémiques
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This comprehensive study responds to the growing concerns of economic, financial, political and social actors regarding the ever increasing exposure to new expanding risks. These risks are particularly related to natural disaster/environment pollution, technology, health and terrorism. For insurers the difficulty is encountered in adequately appraising and covering the potential liability stemming from these risks. It also sketches out some policy recommendations for decision makers in governments and in the business community on how to limit, prevent and manage such risks. In this perspective it will constitute a unique reference work for the attention of both OECD countries and emerging economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102910-en
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  • 71
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    Private Finance and Economic Development : City and Regional Investment (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: City and regional governments as well as development agencies will learn from this report how to develop their own toolbox of instruments and structures for leveraging private finance. What role can private financing play in local economic development? To address this issue, this study draws on practical examples from North America and Europe to show how municipal and regional authorities can capitalise on private financing for economic development purposes. The book is for policy researchers, entrepreneurs, academia and government circles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034860-en
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  • 72
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    Development Co-operation Review of The United States (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 15-129
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 127 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 15-129
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has a substantial impact on promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in developing countries due to the large size of its economy, its ability to influence world opinion and action and its weight within the international donor community. In 2001 the United States was the largest donor in the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in volume terms, reporting net official development assistance (ODA) of USD 10.9 billion, more than one-fifth of the DAC total. This represented 0.11% of its gross national income (GNI), the lowest ODA/GNI ratio in the DAC and below the DAC average country effort of 0.40%. President Bush recently announced a bold new proposal, the “Millennium Challenge Account” (MCA) for an additional USD 5 billion annually by 2006. If approved by Congress, the MCA will consolidate the American position as the largest donor, and slightly improve the country’s ODA/GNI performance. The American “checks and balances” system of government has some important ramifications for United States development co-operation. This approach implicates a wide range of stakeholders in budget decision-making, especially through the Congress. Flexible approaches to compromise are standard features of the American system, especially for issues of a short-term nature that respond to national or special interests. Addressing long-term issues related to development co-operation can prove more difficult because they lack urgency or a sufficiently strong and influential domestic constituency. Several of the issues raised in the 1998 DAC Peer Review are being addressed by the current Administration. However, some important development issues, including those relating to Congress, to the basic structure of American aid administration, or to the promotion of policy coherence for development, have proven more resistant to change and are noted again in this review...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v3-art25-en
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  • 73
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    DAC Peer Review of Luxembourg (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 9-65
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Luxembourg
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 9-65
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This part of the publication contains the Main Findings and Recommendations as agreed by the Development Assistance Committee following its review on 18 March 2003 at the OECD, and the report prepared by the Secretariat in association with the examiners, representing Austria and Greece, on the development co-operation policies and efforts of Luxembourg. The report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art19-en
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  • 74
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    The Objectives of Competition Law and Policy and the Optimal Design of a Competition Agency (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 7-45
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les objectifs du droit et de la politique de la concurrence et la conception optimale d'une autorité de la concurrence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 7-45
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article comprises two notes by the Secretariat, one on the Objectives of Competition Law and Policy and the other one on the Optimal Design of a Competition Agency. Both notes were prepared to provide a framework for discussion at the meeting of the Global Forum on Competition (GFC) held on 10-11 February 2003. It was decided to link these topics together in the GFC's agenda after it was recognised that the objectives of competition law and policy can have an important bearing on the optimal design of a competition institution. However, it was agreed that the treatment of objectives should be oriented primarily towards a discussion of how they relate, or may relate, to the design of competition enforcement institutions within the broader government. Accordingly, the note on objectives does not fully explore the pros and cons of specific objectives that may be included in the competition law and policy objectives of one or more jurisdictions, although this topic is discussed to a degree. The principal focus of the two notes is to provide an analysis and synthesis of the responses to two questionnaires that were sent in advance to GFC meeting participants in respect of the respective topics. In addition, the objectives note incorporates some of the additional information provided by participants in their separate written contributions prepared for circulation at the GFC meeting. The most important themes emerging from the questionnaires and written contributions on Objectives were i) among OECD countries, there appears to be a shift away from use of competition laws to promote what might be characterised as broad public interest objectives; ii) there does not appear to be a strong correlation between competition law and policy objectives (broadly defined) and the design of the competition agency; iii) greater independence also was the step/measure most frequently identified as being likely to lead to better promotion/attainment of the articulated objectives. Turning to the note on Optimal Design, the key themes emerging from the responses to the questionnaire were i) there is a broad variety of different models and approaches to the design of competition agencies within the overall apparatus of government (broadly defined); ii) despite the institutional variety, there is a core of common tasks assigned to most competition agencies. Specifically, these agencies normally investigate, take at least certain kinds of decisions on competition cases and engage in competition advocacy; iii) around half the respondents reported having medium influence on their governments, legislative bodies, and other bodies of public administration through advocacy initiatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art2-en
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  • 75
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    Les universités et leurs activités de recherche : Transformations en cours et défis nouveaux (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 15, no. 1, p. 119-140
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 27 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. University Research Activities: On-going Transformations and New Challenges
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 1, p. 119-140
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Aux époques où l’excellence vient en tête du programme d’action de toutes les politiques de recherche et d’innovation, notamment en Europe, les universités de recherche sont le modèle de référence implicite de la plupart des décideurs politiques et des débats publics. Cependant, les incidences de ce modèle, c’est-à-dire une forte concentration géographique de capacités publiques et l’existence d’un système de formation duel, sont rarement mises en lumière. C’est souvent le contraire qui est le cas quand il est question de « cohésion ». Cet article a pour ambition de suggérer que si cette tendance est clairement attestée, la situation est plus complexe. En particulier, l’analyse laisse entièrement de côté un autre rôle central des universités : elles sont aussi devenues les principaux fournisseurs de savoir de proximité. Les deux tendances s’associent pour susciter une transformation radicale de l’organisation universitaire – la séparation des départements d’enseignement et des structures de recherche, qu’elles se nomment groupes, unités, centres, instituts ou laboratoires – et pour mettre en question la pertinence de leur organisation actuelle pour assurer la connexion avec le monde socio-économique. Je prétends, quant à moi, que la croissance très rapide des associations/fondations à but non lucratif étroitement liées aux universités constitue un aspect durable et prometteur de l’articulation entre université et société. Ces changements appellent une réflexion au sujet de la gouvernance des universités, sujet qui revêt une acuité particulière dans des pays comme la France.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art8-fr
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  • 76
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    La prise en compte des incertitudes dans les prévisions budgétaires (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 157-171
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 17 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Countering Uncertainty in Budget Forecasts
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 157-171
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La préparation du budget fédéral aux États-Unis exige qu’on fasse des prévisions et projections sur plusieurs périodes de durées différentes : court terme (de 18 à 24 mois), moyen terme (de 5 ans et de 10 ans) et long terme (jusqu’à 75 ans). Aux États-Unis les estimations intermédiaires revêtent une importance croissante, et dans la presse on parle souvent d’estimations pour 10 ans. En dehors des différentes durées, les prévisions contiennent les perspectives à la fois pour l’économie et pour le budget. Non seulement les prévisions économiques dictent les perspectives budgétaires, mais elles servent également de fondement à l’élaboration de la politique économique. Malgré le lien qui existe entre la performance économique et la performance budgétaire, ce ne sont pas des relations parfaites ni constantes. Ces diverses exigences ont évolué, particulièrement depuis la mise en application de la Budget Act en 1974, donnant lieu à la création du Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Les prévisions de l’exécutif (préparées surtout par l’Office of Management and Budget, OMB) ont tendance à s’accorder avec les durées. Souvent la plupart des résultats économiques sont similaires, surtout pour des prévisions sur 10 ans ; les estimations budgétaires varient de manière plus importante...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art12-fr
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  • 77
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    Academic Leaders or Corporate Managers : Deans and Heads in Australian Higher Education 1977 to 1997 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 14, no. 2, p. 53-70
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Responsables universitaires ou chefs d'entreprise ? Doyens et directeurs dans le système d'enseignement supérieur australien entre 1977 et 1997
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 2, p. 53-70
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This article explores the changing roles and personal characteristics of deans of faculties and heads of academic departments in Australian higher education institutions over a twenty-year period from 1977 to 1997. While deans and heads continued to be academics with superior qualifications and impressive research achievements, the gap between the research records of deans/heads and other academics narrowed between 1977 and 1997 but the gap between deans/heads and professors widened. Deans/heads in 1997 were somewhat less likely than in 1977 to have been professors or associate professors. Work patterns of deans/heads and other academics remained remarkably stable between 1977 and 1997, except that for both works hours per week increased. However, interest by both deans/heads and other academics in administration and committee work declined sharply between 1977 and 1997.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v14-art13-en
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  • 78
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    La budgétisation au Brésil (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 1, p. 109-146
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Brazil
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 1, p. 109-146
    Keywords: Governance ; Brazil
    Abstract: Au cours de sa visite au siège de l’OCDE à Paris en septembre 2002, M. Guilherme DIAS, ministre du Plan, du Budget et de la Gestion a demandé à l’OCDE de réaliser, pour le système budgétaire brésilien, une étude semblable à celles qui sont réalisées pour ses pays membres. L’OCDE a répondu favorablement à cette requête en reconnaissant que le Brésil est un observateur bien établi auprès du Groupe de travail des hauts responsables du budget de l’OCDE et un partenaire clé du programme global de l’OCDE de coopération avec les pays non membres. En raison du temps limité alloué à la réalisation de cette étude, il a été décidé que le rapport n’aborderait pas le système de fédéralisme budgétaire du Brésil.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art6-fr
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  • 79
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    La procédure budgétaire en Finlande (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 135-173
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 41 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Finland
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 135-173
    Keywords: Governance ; Finland
    Abstract: Le budget est le plus fondamental et le plus important de tous les documents du gouvernement. Sur le plan économique, c’est le document primordial dans la mesure où il répartit une part appréciable (plus de la moitié dans certains pays membres) du Produit intérieur brut d’une nation. C’est également le document programmatique majeur car c’est dans le budget que les gouvernements fixent concrètement leurs priorités par le biais de la répartition des masses financières. Il constitue le document primordial du point de vue de la gestion puisque c’est dans le contexte du budget que les aspects opérationnels essentiels des ministères et des agences sont déterminés. Le budget représente en outre l’architecture de base des décisions et des prises de responsabilité au sein du gouvernement. Le dessein de cette archi tecture a une incidence signif icative sur la performance gouvernementale dans son ensemble...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v2-art12-fr
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  • 80
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    Fear and Loathing in University Staffing : The Case of Australian Academic and General Staff (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 123-133
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frayeur et aversion à l'université : Le cas du personnel universitaire et administratif en Australie
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 123-133
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Academic staff and the academic research, teaching and scholarship they undertake are quite properly the prime focus in universities. However, in the modern university, these functions could not be carried out without the input of general (AKA “nonacademic”) staff. Staff who are not members of academe represent about 50% of all staff, and as a group are treated with antipathy by many academics. The terms “governance” and “administration” are misunderstood by many academics and used interchangeably when it suits them. This paper considers the binary divide between “academic” and “non-academic” staff, and considers the importance of terminology in ensuring that the total university can operate as efficiently as possible...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art27-en
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  • 81
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    Countering Uncertainty in Budget Forecasts (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 139-151
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La prise en compte des incertitudes dans les prévisions budgétaires
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 139-151
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Federal budget procedures in the United States require forecasts and projections over several distinct periods of time: short term (18-24 months ahead), medium term (both 5- and 10-year horizons), and long term (as much as 75 years in the future). In the United States, the intermediate estimates have taken on increased significance with many press accounts referring to 10-year estimates. In addition to various time periods, the forecasts include the outlook for both the economy and the budget. Economic forecasts not only drive the budgetary outlook, they also provide the basis for developing economic policy. And despite the linkage between economic and budgetary performance, the relationships are neither perfect nor constant. The status of these two requirements has evolved, particularly since the enactment of the Budget Act in 1974 creating the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The Executive branch forecasts (done mainly by the Office of Management and Budget, OMB) tend to parallel the time periods. Often many of the economic results are similar, especially over a 10-year forecast; the budget estimates vary more widely...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art12-en
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  • 82
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    Frayeur et aversion à l'université : Le cas du personnel universitaire et administratif en Australie (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 139-151
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fear and Loathing in University Staffing: The Case of Australian Academic and General Staff
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 139-151
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le personnel universitaire, ainsi que la recherche, l’enseignement et l’acquisition du savoir auxquels il se consacre, constituent le cœur même des universités, ce qui n’est que normal. Mais dans l’université moderne, ces fonctions ne pourraient pas être menées à bien sans l’apport du personnel des services généraux (aussi appelé « personnel administratif » par opposition au personnel enseignant et de recherche). Ce personnel qui n’enseigne ni ne recherche représente près de 50 % des effectifs et suscite l’antipathie d’un grand nombre d’universitaires. Ceux-ci comprennent mal les termes de « gouvernance » et « d’administration » et les utilisent l’un pour l’autre quand cela leur convient. On envisage dans cet article la division binaire entre personnels « universitaire » et « administratif » et on étudie l’apport de la terminologie au fonctionnement le plus efficace possible de l’université tout entière...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art27-fr
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  • 83
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    Estimating the structural rate of unemployment for the OECD countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2001, no. 2, p. 171-216
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'estimation du taux de chômage structurel des pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2001, no. 2, p. 171-216
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper first reviews the conceptual framework underlying different measures of structural unemployment as well as alternative empirical methods that have been used to provide estimates of them. Drawing on this review, it goes on to develop a method for estimating time-varying NAIRUs across a range of OECD countries using a Kalman filter. It then discusses the resulting econometric estimates, and the scope for their further refinement given the associated range of uncertainties. Recent trends in the NAIRU estimates are reviewed: they fell in many countries in the second half of the 1990s, although actual unemployment has remained well above the NAIRU for a majority of countries throughout much of the 1990s, particularly in Europe. Finally, the relevance of such measures to analysing inflation developments and monetary policy is discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art14-en
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  • 84
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    Protection sociale et croissance (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 8-47
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 54 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Social Protection and Growth
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 8-47
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Les dépenses sociales publiques s’élèvent à 25 pour cent du PIB, voire plus dans certains pays. Des dépenses d’une telle ampleur ont très vraisemblablement quelque effet sur la croissance, mais les avis divergent quant au sens dans lequel s’exerce cet effet. A partir de nouvelles sources de données et de techniques économétriques exploitant des données de panel, l’ouvrage jette un nouvel éclairage sur la question. Certaines observations viennent corroborer l’idée qu’un accroissement des dépenses sociales nuit à la croissance. Toutefois, des dépenses sociales « actives », – incluant les politiques actives du marché du travail, les mesures qui valorisent la reprise d’activité et les dépenses en faveur des services aux famille – semblent avoir l’effet opposé et sont peut-être favorables à la croissance.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2002-art8-fr
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  • 85
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    Social Protection and Growth (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 7-45
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection sociale et croissance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 7-45
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Public social expenditure accounts for 25 per cent of GDP, or even more in some countries. That expenditure on this scale has some effect on growth seems very likely, but the direction of the effect is disputed by different schools of thought. Using new data sources and panel data econometric techniques, this paper sheds new light on the issue. Evidence is found in favour of the proposition that more social expenditure reduces growth. However, “active” social spending, including active labour market policies, make work pay policies and spending on family services, appears to have the opposite effect and may be growth-enhancing.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2002-art8-en
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  • 86
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    Renforcement des capacités pour une politique efficace de la concurrence dans les économies en développement et en transition (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capacity Building for Effective Competition Policy in Developing and Transitioning Economies
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-25
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La présente note commence par indiquer brièvement en quoi une politique de la concurrence est importante pour les économies en développement et en transition. Elle aborde ensuite certains éléments essentiels de l’établissement d’une culture de la concurrence. Idéalement, ce processus devrait tout d’abord consister en une « évaluation des besoins » dans différents domaines, qui permettra probablement de dresser une liste de mesures à hiérarchiser et à prendre. Les priorités peuvent souvent être regroupées en trois grandes catégories d’actions : mobiliser les principaux acteurs en les sensibilisant à la concurrence ; minimiser l’ampleur des distorsions de la concurrence induites par un large éventail de mécanismes institutionnels ; et élaborer un dispositif efficace de mise en œuvre de la législation de la concurrence, capable de faire face aux pratiques anticoncurrentielles du secteur privé. La note s’attache ensuite à résumer les éclairages intéressants de pays qui ont été fournisseurs ou bénéficiaires d’un renforcement des capacités et d’une assistance technique. Cette synthèse est issue des réponses fournies à un questionnaire transmis en 2001 aux délégués du Comité de la concurrence de l’OCDE et aux non-membres qui avaient été invités à participer au deuxième Forum mondial sur la concurrence de février 2002. Elle est suivie d’un bref exposé du rôle très utile que peuvent jouer la coopération et l’examen par les pairs dans le processus d’institutionnalisation d’un organisme national de mise en œuvre. Après de rapides commentaires sur la Déclaration de Doha, la note résume les actions de renforcement des capacités entreprises par l’OCDE dans le domaine de la concurrence. Enfin, elle suggère en conclusion les éléments d’une stratégie diversifiée en matière d’actions futures de renforcement des capacités et d’assistance technique.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v4-art13-fr
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  • 87
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    The Impact of the State on Institutional Differentiation in New Zealand (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 15, no. 2, p. 83-98
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le rôle de l'État dans la différenciation des établissements en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 2, p. 83-98
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: The New Zealand higher education system is a small but complex arrangement of colleges, polytechnics, institutes of technology and universities that on the surface appears to display admirable diversity for a system that serves around four million people. However, while major legislation introduced in 1990 formalised four distinct types of public tertiary institution, in practical terms, the last 12 years have been characterised by the progressive convergence of institutional types.Through a brief historical review and the analysis of institutional mission and values statements, and published performance indicators, this article explores and illustrates different perspectives of diversity amongst New Zealand higher education institutions which have converged over the last 12 years. This convergence occurred during an extended period of deregulation in which the market has acted as a surrogate for overt government policy in shaping the direction of the system and the institutions within it. Even recent formal government policy supporting the development of strong and distinct institutional identities and greater differentiation amongst tertiary institutions has been thwarted by the same government’s intervention to prevent system change by limiting the number of universities in the country.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art15-en
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  • 88
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    Public Universities : A Benchmark for Higher Education in Brazil (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 15, no. 1, p. 43-56
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'université publique : Une référence pour l'enseignement supérieur brésilien
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 1, p. 43-56
    Keywords: Education ; Brazil
    Abstract: Over the past few years, the debate on the future of higher education in Brazil has been by and large split into two camps. One side stresses the urgent need to broaden the system, to allow a growing number of Brazilians to gain qualifications and enter an increasingly competitive and international labour market as skilled workers. This is the view behind the significant expansion of private higher education in Brazil over the past decade. The other side does not disregard the problems of public higher education, or the demands of thousands of young people deprived of a university education, but holds that the expansion of higher education should be based on the conclusions of the 1998 World Conference on Higher Education in Paris. Rather than setting public against private education, this approach envisages the growth of the system as a whole, on the premise that education is a strategic asset for national development, a universal right and one of the duties of any State.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art4-en
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  • 89
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    Marchés du travail internes versus marchés du travail externes (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 9-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internal Versus External Labour Markets
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 9-26
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A partir de la distinction maintenant classique établie par P.B. Doeringer et M.J. Piore entre les marchés du travail internes et externes, cet article s’attachera à caractériser les marchés du travail universitaires et leurs récentes évolutions dans trois pays : la France, l’Allemagne et les États- Unis. Nous nous appuierons sur une quête empirique qualitative menée dans ces trois pays et portant sur 21 universités. Nous pourrons ainsi identifier et comparer les différents dispositifs développés dans chaque cas pour encourager l’engagement, la loyauté et la motivation des universitaires. Nous montrerons que les instruments de sélection spécifiques aux marchés externes sont différents d’un pays à l’autre (« viviers de candidats » d’un côté et système « promotion ou exit » de l’autre) et qu’ils mobilisent différents modes de régulation. Par ailleurs, nous montrerons que l’équilibre entre marchés internes et marchés externes dans chaque pays, comme les instruments utilisés sont étroitement liés aux conceptions qui prévalent au sein de la profession universitaire : par conséquent, modifier le système de reconnaissance ne se limite pas à une transformation des règles mais affecte aussi les normes et les relations au sein de la profession universitaire...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art20-fr
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  • 90
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    La bourse, le marché de l'immobilier et le comportement des consommateurs (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 197-224
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 53 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Stock Market, the Housing Market and Consumer Behaviour
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 197-224
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Après l’euphorie boursière de la fin des années 90, les cours des actions se sont repliés, dans l’ensemble, depuis 2001. Les prix des logements, en revanche, ont continué de grimper, progressant plus rapidement que le niveau général des prix dans plusieurs pays. Ces évolutions ont entraîné un regain d’intérêt pour l’impact du prix des actifs sur la consommation et la demande globale. Ce document analyse l’influence des patrimoines financier et immobilier des ménages sur leur consommation, dans les pays du G7 (à l’exception de l’Allemagne). Il fournit des estimations de la sensibilité de la consommation à diverses formes de richesse et s’interroge, en procédant à des tests, sur les éventuelles variations de ces sensibilités au fil du temps. Il quantifie également l’impact des récentes évolutions des marchés financier et immobilier sur la consommation. Il ressort de ce document, premièrement, que pour tous les pays, les mécanismes de la richesse sont identifiés, deuxièmement, que ces effets varient considérablement d’un pays à l’autre et, troisièmement, que pour certains pays, leur importance a eu tendance à croître très nettement dans un passé récent.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2002-art12-fr
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  • 91
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    Regulation, market structure and performance in air passenger transportation (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 183-227
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport aérien de passagers : Réglementation, structure du marché et performance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 183-227
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper uses a data base on regulation, market structure and performance in the air passenger transportation industry, to analyse the links among liberalisation, private ownership, competition, efficiency and airfares at national and route levels. Covering the 1996-97 travel season, 21 aggregate indicators have been developed for 27 OECD countries, and 23 micro indicators for 102 air routes connecting 14 major international airports. These data are summarised by means of factor analysis. Controlling for market size, network length and other technological and economic differences, and combining national and route-level characteristics, cross-country and cross-route regressions show that i) productive efficiency increases and fares decline when regulations and market structures become more friendly to competition; ii) productive efficiency is sensitive to actual competitive pressures, as proxied by market concentration; iii) fares react to liberalisation independently from market structure, but in liberal environments their decline is amplified by actual competition between carriers; iv) business and economy fares tend to decline when they are liberalised and market concentration is reduced, but tend to increase when markets are dominated by airline alliances on the route; v) discount fares are affected by the overall market environment at route ends, charter regulations and the actual presence of challenger airlines on the route; and vi) airport congestion and dominance tend to increase fares in time-sensitive market segments.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art6-en
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  • 92
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    Le transport aérien de passagers : Réglementation, structure du marché et performance (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 203-254
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 68 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulation, market structure and performance in air passenger transportation
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 203-254
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cette étude utilise une base de données concernant la régulation, la structure des marchés et la performance dans le transport aérien de passagers, au niveau national ainsi qu’au niveau des lignes, pour analyser les liens entre d’une part la libéralisation, la privatisation et la concurrence et, d’autre part, l’efficacité de l’industrie et les tarifs des voyages aériens. Pour la saison 1996-97, il a été possible de développer 21 indicateurs agrégés pour 27 pays de l’OCDE et 23 indicateurs détaillés pour 102 lignes aériennes reliant 14 grands aéroports internationaux. Ces données sont synthétisées à l’aide de l’analyse factorielle. En contrôlant, pour la dimension des marchés et des réseaux, ainsi que pour d’autres différences de nature technologique et économique, et en tenant compte des interactions entre les caractéristiques des lignes et de l’industrie nationale, les résultats des régressions transversales aux pays et aux routes suggèrent que i) l’efficacité augmente et les tarifs diminuent quand la régulation et la structure de marché deviennent plus favorables à la concurrence ; ii) l’efficacité dans l’utilisation des avions est affectée de façon positive par les pressions concurrentielles, mesurées par un indice de concentration ; iii) les tarifs aériens réagissent à la libéralisation indépendamment de la structure du marché mais, quand l’environnement réglementaire est libéral, leur diminution est renforcée par l’existence de concurrents sur la ligne ; iv) les tarifs affichés des classes affaires et économique ont tendance à baisser quand les prix sont libéralisés et la concentration du marché diminue, mais ont tendance à augmenter quand les marchés sont dominés par des alliances entre compagnies aériennes ; v) les tarifs soldés sont affectés par le degré de concurrence globalement présent dans les pays reliés par la ligne ainsi que par les régulations concernant les charters et la présence effective de compagnies challengers sur la ligne ; vi) la congestion et la domination des aéroports par une compagnie aérienne tendent à augmenter les tarifs dans les segments du marché qui sont plus sensibles aux temps de départ et d’arrivée.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art6-fr
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  • 93
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    La création d'universités de niveau mondial au Japon (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 15, no. 2, p. 9-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making "World-class Universities": Japan's Experiment
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 2, p. 9-25
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: Partout, chercheurs et pouvoirs publics rêvent de voir se mettre en place des universités « de niveau mondial ». Mais la création de tels établissements ou le maintien de leur statut est chose malaisée, même dans les pays industrialisés développés. Les gouvernements nationaux privilégient donc généralement dans les investissements financiers leurs universités de pointe, généralement soutenus en cela par les personnalités dirigeantes de la communauté universitaire. Il n’est pas certain que le fait de subventionner le développement d’un nombre limité d’universités soit véritablement la méthode la plus efficiente pour élever le niveau de la recherche-développement dans un pays. Comme dans le cas du Plan BK21 et de son incidence en Corée, une controverse majeure a éclaté lorsque le gouvernement japonais a tenté de procéder à la sélection de quelque 30 universités de pointe.Si elle souhaite instaurer des incitations durables pour les universités, en améliorer la transparence et promouvoir la concurrence entre établissements, la politique nationale se doit à la fois d’enrichir les universités de pointe et de conforter les infrastructures du savoir dans les universités « ordinaires ». Cet article analyse la politique japonaise des « Universités de niveau mondial » sous deux angles, la perspective des chercheurs et celle du gouvernement national. Elle traite le sujet en se référant à une problématique que l’on retrouve dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v15-art10-fr
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  • 94
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    La budgétisation a-t-elle un avenir ? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 7-56
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 52 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Does budgeting have a future?
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 7-56
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La budgétisation se classe dans les travaux en cours. Le processus budgétaire n’est jamais tout à fait établi car les personnes qui le gèrent ne sont jamais pleinement satisfaites. Budgéter c’est décider sur la base d’informations inadéquates, bien souvent sans connaître avec certitude la manière dont les crédits budgétaires passés ont été utilisés ou ce qui a été accompli, ou encore les résultats que pourraient donner les nouvelles affectations de crédits. La plupart des personnes impliquées dans la budgétisation ont connu la frustration de voir leurs préférences évincées par le coût inhérent aux actions passées. La budgétisation est un processus obéissant à une logique d’échéance, dans lequel les décisions sub-optimales sont souvent la règle car l’État n’a pas la possibilité de ne prendre aucune décision. Lorsqu’un cycle se termine, le suivant démarre, pratiquement sans délai et suivant un schéma identique à celui de l’année précédente. La routine de la budgétisation émousse les conflits mais elle alimente également la frustration...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v2-art8-fr
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  • 95
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    The Implementation and the Effects of Regulatory Reform : Past Experience and Current Issues (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 11-98
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 103 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mise en oeuvre et effets de la réforme de la réglementation : Leçons à tirer et problématique actuelle
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 11-98
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article reviews trends, outcomes and issues in regulatory reform in OECD countries. First, it summarises the evidence on the evolution of regulatory environments and the economy-wide and sectoral effects of reforms (including privatisation) in both competitive and non-competitive industries in the past two decades. Turning to network industries, it then discusses the main policy issues raised by the need to adapt the regulation of the non-competitive segments of these industries to increasing competition in liberalised markets. It focuses on four topics that dominate the debate over regulatory reform: i) the move from command-and-control to incentivebased regulatory approaches relying on the removal of entry barriers in competitive markets, the adoption of price-cap mechanisms and the design of efficient and competitively-neutral charges for accessing the fixed networks of incumbents; ii) the pros and cons of structural measures such as privatisation, and vertical and horizontal separation of formerly integrated monopolies; iii) the ways to ensure that important non-economic objectives, such as universality of service, continue to be achieved in a more competitive environment at a minimum cost for society; and iv) the design of regulatory mechanisms and institutions that encourage best practice regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art3-en
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  • 96
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    Mise en oeuvre et effets de la réforme de la réglementation : Leçons à tirer et problématique actuelle (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 11-109
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 115 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Implementation and the Effects of Regulatory Reform: Past Experience and Current Issues
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2001, no. 1, p. 11-109
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cet article décrit les tendances et les résultats de la réforme de la réglementation dans les pays de l’OCDE. En premier lieu il résume l’évolution de l’environnement réglementaire et les effets globaux et sectoriels des réformes (privatisation y compris) dans des industries concurrentielles et non compétitives au cours des deux dernières décennies. Se concentrant sur les industries de réseau, il aborde alors les principales questions de politique économique soulevées par la nécessité d’adapter la réglementation des segments non compétitifs de ces industries à la concurrence croissante sur les marchés libéralisés. Il se focalise sur les quatre éléments qui dominent le débat de la réforme de la réglementation : i) le passage d’un régime axé sur les interventions et le contrôle à une approche fondée sur les incitations basées sur la suppression des barrières à l’entrée sur les marchés concurrentiels, l’adoption de mécanismes de prix plafond et l’introduction de tarifications efficientes et neutres du point de vue de la concurrence pour l’accès aux réseaux fixes ; ii) les avantages et les inconvénients de mesures structurelles telles que la privatisation, et la séparation verticale et horizontale de monopoles précédemment intégrés ; iii) les manières de s’assurer que des objectifs non économiques importants, tels que l’universalité du service, continuent d’être assurés dans un environnement concurrentiel et au moindre coût pour la société ; et iv) la conception de mécanismes réglementaires et d’institutions le mieux à même de promouvoir les meilleures pratiques en termes de réglementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art3-fr
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  • 97
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    Does budgeting have a future? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 7-48
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La budgétisation a-t-elle un avenir ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 7-48
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Budgeting is a work in progress. The process is never quite settled because those who manage it are never fully satisfied. To budget is to decide on the basis of inadequate information, often without secure knowledge of how past appropriations were used or of what was accomplished, or of the results that new allocations may produce. Most people involved in budgeting have experienced the frustration of having their preferences crowded out by the built-in cost of past actions. Budgeting is a deadline-driven process, in which sub-optimal decisions often are the norm because government does not have the option of making no decisions. When one cycle ends, the next begins, usually with little respite and along the same path that was trod the year before. The routines of budgeting dull conflict, but they also are a breeding ground for frustration.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v2-art8-en
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  • 98
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    Fiscal Consolidation and Medium-term Fiscal Planning in Japan (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 105-137
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assainissement des finances publiques et planification budgétaire à moyen terme au Japon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 105-137
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: The macroeconomic policy in Japan in the 1990s swung from fiscal expansion to fiscal consolidation and conversely. The efforts to restore soundness of public finance culminated in the Fiscal Structural Reform Act of 1997, which articulated several fiscal targets in the medium-term perspective. The act was however suspended after only a year due to economic slowdown, which threatened politicians with the possibility that fiscal consolidation might deteriorate the Japanese economy further. During the past decade, a number of economic packages to stimulate the return of the economy to a self-sustaining growth path totalled over 130 trillion yen in terms of project cost base.2 However, the Japanese economy has not recovered. As a result, these discretionary fiscal policies made the fiscal balance dramatically worse and accumulated government debt to over 140% of GDP in 2002. The new government under Prime Minister J. Koizumi was formed in April 2001. The government put structural reforms at the top of the agenda and included the fiscal consolidation plan to achieve a primary balance surplus in the early 2010s. While Japan is moving into an ageing society more rapidly than other countries, there is increasing pressure to restore public finances over the medium term. However, downside risk in the Japanese economy has been increasing since the middle of 2002 mainly due to serious deflationary pressure. Halting deflation is urgent in the short term for restoring economic growth. Japan is thus faced with considerable difficulties in achieving both the short-term objective of economic recovery and the medium-term objective of fiscal consolidation. In addition, Japan is in the extraordinary situation where there has been little incentive to enforce fiscal consolidation because huge domestic savings can finance huge government deficit, keeping the coupon rate of a ten-year Japanese Government bond to less than 1%...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art11-en
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  • 99
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    Assainissement des finances publiques et planification budgétaire à moyen terme au Japon (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 119-156
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscal Consolidation and Medium-term Fiscal Planning in Japan
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 119-156
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: La politique macroéconomique du Japon a fluctué entre expansions et assainissements budgétaires pendant les années 90. Les efforts déployés pour rétablir l’équilibre des finances publiques ont culminé dans la Loi de 1997 sur la réforme structurelle des finances publiques, qui articulait plusieurs objectifs budgétaires dans une perspective à moyen terme. Cette loi a toutefois été suspendue un an seulement après son adoption en raison d’un ralentissement économique qui a fait craindre aux responsables politiques qu’un assainissement des finances publiques n’aggrave encore la situation économique du pays. Plusieurs programmes de relance économique adoptés en une dizaine d’années pour ramener l’économie sur le sentier d’une croissance autonome se sont élevés à un total supérieur à 130 000 milliards de yens sur la base du coût des projets envisagés2. L’économie japonaise ne s’est toutefois pas redressée ce qui fait que ces politiques budgétaires discrétionnaires ont considérablement aggravé le déséquilibre budgétaire et porté la dette publique à plus de 140 % du PIB en 2002...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art11-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
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    The Influence of Policies on Trade and Foreign Direct Investment (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 7-83
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'influence des politiques sur les échanges et l'investissement direct étranger
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 7-83
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses the importance of border and non-border policies for global economic integration. The focus is on four widely-advocated policies: removing explicit restrictions to trade and FDI; promoting domestic competition; improving the adaptability of labour markets; and ensuring adequate levels of infrastructure capital. The analysis covers FDI and trade in both goods and services, thus aiming to account for the most important channels of globalisation and dealing with most modes of cross-border services supply. The results highlight that, despite extensive liberalisation over the past two decades, there is scope for further reducing policy barriers to integration of OECD markets. Remaining barriers have a significant impact on bilateral trade and FDI, with anticompetitive domestic regulations and restrictive labour market arrangements estimated to curb integration as much as explicit trade and FDI restrictions. Simulating the removal of such barriers suggests that the quantitative effects of further liberalisation of trade, FDI and domestic product and labour markets on global integration could be substantial...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art2-en
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