Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • 2005-2009  (3.979)
  • 1965-1969  (7)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3.986)
Datenlieferant
Materialart
Sprache
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
Verfasser
Verlag/Herausgeber
Schlagwörter
Fachgebiete(RVK)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How to Reform the Belgian Tax System to Enhance Economic Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.741
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comment réformer le système fiscal belge afin de renforcer l'expansion économique
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: Individual elements in Belgian tax system affect the growth process through different channels and to a varying degree. Consumption taxes are among the least distortive for growth, and there is considerable scope to increase the reliance on this tax source in Belgium. The Belgian differential taxation of saving vehicles distorts investment decisions, hampering the reallocation of capital towards its most productive use. However, the most distortive Belgian taxes are on labour through their effects on workers’ labour market decisions. Recognising the latter, the authorities have aimed at reducing taxation on labour. However, its level remains internationally high, reflecting numerous exemptions, which reduce tax bases and thus require higher tax rates than otherwise. To promote labour market prospects for individual groups on the labour market, wage subsidies and social security contribution reductions have been used extensively, leading to a complex system, often poorly targeted and at times subject to conflicting objectives. The end result is that the interaction between the personal income tax, the social security contributions, and the generous benefit systems has created a multitude of labour market traps which hold back employment. New tax reforms are constrained by the large and growing fiscal sustainability problem, implying that, unless substantial expenditure cuts are implemented, new tax reforms must be self-financed. This can be achieved by shifting the reliance of the tax system towards the least distortive sources and by broadening tax bases to allow lower tax rates. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of Belgium (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/belgium).
    DOI: 10.1787/218662261017
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Taking Stock of Existing Structural Policy and Outcome Indicators (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.676
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews and assesses in terms of availability, reliability and transparency existing policy and outcome indicators that have been found to be linked both directly and indirectly to economic growth and living standards. Indicators aiming at capturing the political and social situation of countries, as well as governance-related issues, are examined (e.g. political system, political stability, corruption, crime and violence). Topics also include product and labour markets, infrastructure, trade, financial indicators and composite indices of reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/226415705182
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cities, Climate Change and Multilevel Governance (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.14
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. Urban planning will shape future trends and the concentration of population, socio-economic activity, poverty and infrastructure in urban areas translates into particular vulnerability to increased climate hazards. City governments and urban stakeholders will therefore be essential in the design and delivery of cost-effective adaptation policies. Further, by empowering local governments, national policies could leverage existing local experiments, accelerate policy responses, foster resource mobilization and engage local stakeholders. This paper presents a framework for multilevel governance, showing that advancing governance of climate change across all levels of government and relevant stakeholders is crucial to avoid policy gaps between local action plans and national policy frameworks (vertical integration) and to encourage cross-scale learning between relevant departments or institutions in local and regional governments (horizontal dimension). Vertical and horizontal integration allows two-way benefits: locally-led or bottom-up where local initiatives influence national action and nationally-led or top-down where enabling frameworks empower local players. The most promising frameworks combine the two into hybrid models of policy dialogue where the lessons learnt are used to modify and fine-tune enabling frameworks and disseminated horizontally, achieving more efficient local implementation of climate strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/220062444715
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Final Financial Investment of French Households (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2009/02
    DOI: 10.1787/224158323118
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076235
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 230; 21-day Fish Assay; A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay: A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo de certaines substances actives sur le système endocrinien sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). Cet essai couvre le dépistage de l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique, et l’inhibition de l’aromatase. L’essai a été validé sur le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), le médaka japonnais (Oryzias latipes) et le poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio); cependant le poisson-zèbre ne permet pas de détecter l’activité androgénique. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, en fonction de l’espèce testée, un ou deux biomarqueur(s) sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique ou sur l’inhibition de l’aromatase. Ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. La vitellogénine est dosée chez le tête-de-boule, le medaka japonais et le poisson-zèbre tandis que les caractères sexuels secondaires sont mesurés chez le tête-de-boule et le medaka japonais uniquement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076235-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sustaining Growth in Korea by Reforming the Labour Market and Improving the Education System (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.672
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: A well-functioning labour market is essential to sustain rapid economic growth in the face of population ageing. Priorities are to reverse the rising share of non-regular workers, which has negative implications for both growth and equity, and encourage greater employment of women and youth, who are under-represented in the labour force. Attracting more women to employment requires increasing the availability of childcare, strengthening maternity leave and creating more family-friendly workplaces. Youth employment rates should be boosted by upgrading tertiary education through stronger competition and closer links to enterprises to reduce mismatches. Educational reform should be extended to elementary and secondary schools to enhance efficiency and decrease the burden of private tutoring. The age of retirement of employees should be raised by eliminating mandatory retirement and phasing out the retirement allowance. Active labour market policies should focus on policies to expand human capital rather than wage subsidies.
    DOI: 10.1787/226580861153
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International Mobile Roaming Charging in the OECD Area (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.166
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this report is to provide information and analysis on market developments and pricing in international mobile roaming service (IMRS). While the wireless industry has witnessed spectacular developments in recent years, and is considered competitive in domestic markets, there is a widespread perception among many stakeholders, including some within the industry itself, that IMRS prices are unreasonably and inefficiently high. This report provides comparative information on IMRS retail and, where available, wholesale prices. It also sets out the nature of the perceived problem together with analysis on why IMRS pricing takes the form it does.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml8rbpw6tk-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Essai n 452 : Études de toxicité chronique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071216
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 452; Chronic Toxicity Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 452: Chronic Toxicity Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: L’objectif des études de toxicité chronique est de caractériser le profil d’une substance dans des espèces mammifères (essentiellement rongeurs) à la suite d’une exposition prolongée et répétée. La Ligne directrice porte particulièrement sur les rongeurs et l’administration orale. Les deux sexes doivent être employés. Pour des rongeurs, chaque groupe de traitement contient au moins 20 animaux de chaque sexe, tandis que pour des non-rongeurs, un minimum de 4 animaux de chaque sexe par groupe est recommandé. Au moins trois niveaux de dose doivent être employés en plus du groupe témoin. Normalement, la fréquence de l’exposition est quotidienne, mais elle peut varier selon la voie choisie (orale, cutanée ou inhalation) et elle est ajustée selon le profil toxicocinétique de la substance d’essai. La durée de la période d’exposition est d’au moins 12 mois. Les résultats de ces études incluent des mesures (pesée), des observations détaillées régulières (examen hématologique, analyse d’urine, chimie clinique), ainsi que des procédures d’autopsie et l’histopathologie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071216-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Defined-Contribution (DC) Arrangements in Anglo-Saxon Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.35
    DOI: 10.1787/224843410213
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Current Account Sustainability in Brazil : A Non-Linear Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.703
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Brazil
    Kurzfassung: The possibility that a country’s external current account may adjust nonlinearly to shocks is attracting increasing attention in the empirical literature. To shed further light on this issue in the context of emerging-market economies, this paper uses Brazilian data to estimate the determinants of the current account in a smooth-transition vector-autoregressive (ST-VAR) setting. We allow for the transition parameters and the model coefficients to be estimated simultaneously by non-linear constrained maximum likelihood. We find strong evidence of non-linearity in the VAR when (lagged) government consumption and investment are used as the variables governing transition across regimes. The computation of non-linear impulse response functions suggests that the system’s history, as well as the sign and magnitude of shocks, affect the current account’s responses to exogenous changes in income, government consumption and investment. In particular, responses to fiscal shocks depend on whether they are positive or negative and whether they follow periods of fiscal expansions or contractions. Current account responses to a positive fiscal impulse are much stronger when conditioned on periods of fiscal expansion (rising government consumption) than retrenchment. The importance of conditioning history and the magnitude of shocks in the current account’s response to shocks is confirmed by forecast error variance decomposition analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/223518424256
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Growth and the Role of Taxation-Theory (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.713
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper provides a self-contained introduction to the economic modelling of growth and reviews the theoretical evidence on the extent of the link between taxation and growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/222800633678
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    When Should We Provide Separate Auto and Truck Roadways? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/24
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmmncchk1zv-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Towards a Flexible Exchange Rate Policy in Russia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.744
    DOI: 10.1787/218428024413
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    South Africa's Trade and Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 83 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.91
    DOI: 10.1787/220164708061
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Happiness and Age Cycles - Return to Start...? : On the Functional Relationship between Subjective Well-Being and Age (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.99
    DOI: 10.1787/220573570724
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Good Time for Making Work Pay? Taking Stock of In-Work Benefits and Related Measures across the OECD (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.81
    DOI: 10.1787/225442803245
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Russia's Long and Winding Road to a more Efficient and Resilient Banking Sector (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.731
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: In the decade following the 1998 financial crisis Russia’s banking system grew much larger and stronger – indeed, growth rates were dangerously high – but even before the onset of the current global crisis it continued to play a limited role in intermediating savings and investment, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Moreover, despite important improvements, some weaknesses in prudential supervision remained, and the Russian banking sector continued to have too many very small banks doing little if any banking business. This paper discusses the policy imperatives in the short term, in the face of the ongoing economic crisis, and reforms that could be implemented over the longer term to improve the efficiency and resilience of the financial system and raise Russia’s potential growth rate. While the current crisis is painful for the banking sector as well as the broader economy, it may facilitate a restructuring of the system that will be positive in the long run, as well as new approaches to regulation that will make banking less crisis-prone.
    DOI: 10.1787/220756044067
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Panorama de l'aide au développement 2008 : Statistiques par région (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059672
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (159 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Development Aid at a Glance 2008; Statistics by Region
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Development Aid at a Glance 2008: Statistics by Region
    DOI: 10.1787/dev_glance-2008-fr
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Economics of Climate Change Mitigation : How to Build the Necessary Global Action in a Cost-Effective Manner (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 128 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.701
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the cost of a range of national, regional and global mitigation policies and the corresponding incentives for countries to participate in ambitious international mitigation actions. The paper illustrates the scope for available instruments to strengthen these incentives and discusses ways to overcome barriers to the development of an international carbon price, based on the quantitative assessment from two global and sectorially-disaggregated CGE models. Key step towards the emergence of a single international carbon price will most likely involve the phasing out of subsidies of fossil fuel consumption and various forms of linking between regional carbon markets, ranging from direct linking of existing emission trading systems to more indirect forms through the use of sectoral crediting mechanisms. The paper discusses regulatory issues raised by the expansion of emission trading and crediting schemes as well as the complementary contribution of non-market based instruments such as the imposition of technical standards and R&D policies. Finally, the paper emphasises the important role of international transfers, not least to overcome the relatively strong economic incentives in some countries to free ride on other regions mitigation actions. While they can take various explicit or implicit forms, transfers made primarily through market mechanisms, for instance via the allocation of binding emission reduction commitments across countries, would be most cost-effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/224074334782
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    An Australian Approach to School Design (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/03
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Architecture scolaire : des exemples à suivre en Australie
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Contemporary education design strongly emphasises stimulating, adaptable learning environments, with spaces able to support various styles of teaching and learning. Delivering successful school buildings requires a close collaborative relationship between the architect and all key stakeholders from initial briefing through to project handover. The brief should identify the opportunities and challenges to create an exciting architectural solution which is functional, aspirational and contextually responsible. The design should demonstrate adaptability and flexibility, maintainability, attention to siting, a culture of community, and sustainability. The building programme and budget also require special attention. The photographs throughout this article show a variety of examples of educational facilities in Perth, Australia, across both the primary and secondary levels. They demonstrate the role architecture can play in creating stimulating learning environments and communities of excellence.
    DOI: 10.1787/224575265838
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Towards a Framework for Assessing Family Policies in the EU (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 95 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.88
    DOI: 10.1787/223883627348
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS (Executive Summary) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072992
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072992-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Realising South Africa's Employment Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.662
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; South Africa
    Kurzfassung: Unemployment in South Africa is extremely high and unevenly distributed, being concentrated among young less-skilled blacks. The legacies of apartheid can explain part of the increase in labour supply and inability of the economy to absorb it which produced the extreme levels of unemployment, but more could have been done to unwind those legacies and other policies and institutions have contributed to the dysfunction of the labour market. Notably, improvements in product market regulation to strengthen competition could help expand formal sector employment. Changes in municipal laws and regulations to ease migration and facilitate informal employment are also likely to be particularly important. Improving the implementation of employment protection legislation could also help reduce unemployment. Efforts to tackle crime could help reduce the brain drain and attract skilled immigrants, which would likely boost demand for less-skilled workers via complementarities. Over the longer term, improvements in basic education will be key to reducing the excess supply of less-skilled workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/227318203215
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ten Years of Product Market Reform in OECD Countries : Insights from a Revised PMR Indicator (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.695
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes patterns and developments of regulation that potentially affect product market competition in OECD countries over the past decade. It uses the 2008 update and revision of the OECD indicators of product market regulation (PMR) that integrate to a larger extent than in the past information on sector-specific regulation and adapt a simpler and more transparent aggregation technique. The results show that OECD countries have extensively liberalised product markets over the past ten years and – as a consequence - convergence of regulation across OECD countries can be observed. However, reforms appear to have slowed in the most recent period (2003-2008) as compared with the earlier period (1998- 2003). Easing of product market regulation appears to have been driven to a considerable extent by reforms in sector-specific regulation, notably as regards the gas, electricity and telecommunications markets. Countries appear also to have followed consistent reform approaches. However, scope for further reform remains, especially as regards controls of governments over businesses, and as regards certain sectors such as professional services and retail trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/224255001640
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Measurement of CO2 Embodiments in International Trade : Evidence from the Harmonised Input-Output and Bilateral Trade Database (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2009/03
    DOI: 10.1787/227026518048
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Contrôle de la qualité des bâtiments scolaires dans la communauté flamande de Belgique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/08
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Monitoring the Quality of School Buildings in Belgium's Flemish Community
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: Au cours de l’année 2008, l’Office flamand pour l’infrastructure scolaire (AGIOn) a évalué la qualité des bâtiments scolaires en Flandres, en utilisant un système de contrôle basé sur l’expérience internationale. Les résultats ont démontré que la plupart des bâtiments scolaires répondent aux exigences de base en matière d’habitabilité et de sécurité, mais ne sont pas à la hauteur en ce qui concerne les défis pédagogiques et sociaux du XXIe siècle.
    DOI: 10.1787/220438160548
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Facilitating Trade in Selected Climate Change Mitigation Technologies in the Energy Supply, Buildings, and Industry Sectors (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2009/02
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: It is in every country's interest that the deployment of carbon-change-mitigation technologies (CCMTs) be accomplished at the lowest possible cost to society and that their diffusion be rapid. Reducing barriers to trade is one way to accomplish that, especially given that it is unlikely that every country will become proficient in the production of every CCMT. This study provides a preliminary assessment of the significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in a representative selection of CCMTs chosen from among those that have been identified by the IPCC and the IEA as having a large economic potential for mitigation, are globally traded, and can be easily adapted to national circumstances. Those examined in the report include: (a) technologies, such as gas-fired reciprocating engines, used in the co-production of both process (or district) heat and electric power (CHP); (b) technologies, such as pipes and meters, used in the production and delivery of heating and cooling at the scale of a city district (DHC); (c) technologies that harness solar energy to heat water or heat or cool the air in buildings (SHC); and (d) relatively energyefficient electric motors and related systems. The study finds that trade in CCMTs faces higher tariffs in some non-OECD countries than in OECD countries. Judging from information provided by exporters in response to a questionnaire, non-tariff measures are common, and in some countries are acting as barriers to trade. Overcoming some of the general measures that impede trade will take time. However, the problems that lax enforcement of intellectual property rights, cumbersome customs-clearance procedures and non-transparent government procurement create for trade in CCTMs should be regarded as providing additional reasons for importing countries to address these issues urgently. Finally, importers may need, at the same time, to examine their domestic policies in order to address behind-the-border impediments to the diffusion of CCMT technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/224036730873
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Role of Transparency in the Conduct of Monetary Policy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.724
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In contrast to the once prevailing norm of secrecy and opaqueness, transparency has now become one of the main features characterising the conduct of monetary policy. Detailed analysis of eleven OECD central banks shows that communication practices have converged markedly in the direction of ever greater transparency. Empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that transparency contributes to the successful conduct of monetary policy: higher transparency is a typical element of monetary frameworks that are associated with better anchored inflation expectations and more stable inflation outcomes. Despite this general trend toward increased transparency, however, central banks differ in actual communication practices. There is a particular divergence with respect to transparency in the decision-making process and communication regarding future policy inclination. Although the appropriate degree of transparency in these areas is an unsettled issue, the fact that financial dislocation is impairing conventional monetary transmission makes these two areas critical for policy implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/221128317344
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Pologne (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049611
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008; (Polish version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008: (Polish version)
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: Bien que la Pologne ait réussi à maintenir depuis le milieu des années 90 une forte croissance, la deuxième plus élevée des pays de l’OCDE en 2006-2007, les disparités territoriales persistent et se creusent, surtout entre les grandes agglomérations et les zones rurales. Comme de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, la Pologne doit s’employer à trouver un juste équilibre entre l’aide aux pôles de croissance et le développement des régions en retard, en particulier les régions périphériques de l’Est -- les plus pauvres de l'Union européenne. Ce rapport étudie les multiples défis pour la politique de développement régional en Pologne, et formule des recommandations, en s’attachant en particulier aux problèmes de gouvernance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049611-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    DAC Guiding Principles for Aid Effectiveness, Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Endorsed in December 2008, these Guiding Principles suggest concrete ways policy advisors and programme managers, in both donor and partner countries, can achieve better development results by improving gender equality and supporting women’s empowerment.
    DOI: 10.1787/487955dc-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    National and Sectoral GHG Mitigation Potential : A Comparison Across Models (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/07
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Determining comparability of effort between mitigation actions and targets proposed by different countries is an ongoing issue for international climate negotiations. A number of indicators have been proposed to reflect comparability of effort and differences in national circumstances; key amongst these are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (per capita), GDP per capita, as well as GHG mitigation potential. This paper focuses on mitigation potential to provide a comparative assessment between six OECD member economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. GHG mitigation potential is defined to be the level of GHG emission reductions that could be realised, relative to the projected emission baseline in a given year, for a given carbon price. Data for the selected countries were obtained across the time horizon of 2005-2050 from a total of 19 models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies. The paper examines the implications of model structure, and assesses how baseline scenarios vary between the models, before analysing the GHG mitigation potential estimates. GHG mitigation potential is compared for carbon prices of USD 20, 50 and 100/tCO2e. For an assumed carbon price of USD 50/tCO2e, mitigation potential in Japan is estimated to be relatively lower than for the other five economies, ranging from 5-20% emission reduction from baseline in 2020. Although noticeably fewer models report data for Mexico at this price level, the models show deeper potential reductions in the range of 25-37% at the same carbon price. Mitigation potential estimates for Australia, Canada and the US show a wider range of 14-39% reduction relative to 2020 baselines. The EU shows a relatively tighter range of 16-29% emission reductions to 2020. The results of this study show greater emission reduction potentials in the year 2050 than in the year 2020 across the six economies examined, reflecting structural and technical changes that occur over time, including the availability of carbon capture and storage from 2030. In general, the paper finds closer agreement across the models for mitigation potential in 2020 than for later years, reflecting greater uncertainty as projections extend into the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xgpqp9w-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Research on Human Factors in New Nuclear Plant Technology (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Serie: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.12
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: It is a dynamic time for the nuclear power sector. Existing reactor control rooms are undergoing various forms of modernisation. New reactors are being built in many countries and advanced reactors are being designed through international co-operation to support power generation for decades to come. The new technologies and concepts that are being considered in this context could impact upon the roles of the plant operators and thus plant safety. It is therefore important that the potential implications – both positive and negative – are evaluated and understood. Through this technical opinion paper, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) has sought to identify a set of research topics that should be explored in order to enhance knowledge of the human and organisational factors concerned. Research to address the topics described in this paper will provide the technical basis to help ensure that the benefits of new technology are realised and that the potential negative effects are minimised. This paper should be of particular interest to research organisations and other stakeholders (including regulatory agencies, international organisations and industry organisations) that could support this research and benefit from its results.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6af51db-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sectoral Market Mechanisms : Issues for Negotiation and Domestic Implementation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/05
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms that are being debated both in the UNFCCC negotiations and in different domestic legislative contexts. Decisions on the design and scope of the mechanisms in the UNFCCC negotiations would affect the future supply of credits, while developed countries’ legislations could influence demand. National actions to establish carbon markets may also constrain or enable international developments and options, as domestic policies may establish conditions or restrictions on the import of “international” offset credits or linkages with other national or regional carbon markets. The paper also addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider, as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. Beyond principles, a number of elements of a more technical nature need to be sorted out to set up new market mechanisms, such as: eligibility for participation by developed countries, as buyers; technical definition of baselines, including guidance on a process to agree to baseline levels, and possible revisions; length of the crediting period and frequency of issuance of credits; new trading units and registries; and national authorities for the new mechanisms. In the case of trading, a compliance reserve and liability rules may be topics for discussion as well. The third issue explored by this paper is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, and how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed. Transition issues including the situation of existing CDM projects vis-à-vis broader crediting mechanisms and also sectoral trading must be clarified. Domestic policy implementation in developing countries is of paramount importance to ensure the effectiveness of possible new international market mechanisms. Several illustrations are offered to show how a mix of policies could be used to outperform a baseline to generate credits, and how credit revenues could be used to further support domestic policy implementation. Among the options discussed are subsidies to low-carbon technologies (e.g. feed-in tariffs), mandated performance standards, and an entity level baseline-and-crediting system.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d2srld2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mondialisation et emploi dans les pays de l'OCDE (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Globalisation and employment in the OECD
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Nous examinons dans cet article certains des changements qui pourraient se produire sur les marchés nationaux du travail de nombreux pays de l’OCDE en raison de l’internationalisation de la production des entreprises multinationales, en mettant plus particulièrement l’accent sur l’impact des flux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) en provenance des pays de l’OCDE sur l’emploi dans le pays d’origine des entreprises investisseuses. Les études existantes laissent à penser que l’effet global des échanges et de l’internationalisation de la production sur la situation d’ensemble du marché du travail a été relativement modeste, même si certaines catégories de qualifications et de professions ont été plus fortement touchées. Les résultats empiriques présentés dans cet article tendent à indiquer que l’impact global sur l’emploi des flux sortants d’IDE varie suivant les branches d’activité et les pays. En ce qui concerne les secteurs manufacturiers entretenant des liens commerciaux étroits avec les économies non membres de l’OCDE, certains éléments montrent que l’emploi intérieur est devenu plus sensible aux variations des coûts de main-d’œuvre dans le pays considéré. À l’échelon national, nous parvenons à la conclusion que la croissance de l’investissement à l’étranger exerce un effet positif significatif sur la croissance de l’emploi intérieur aux États-Unis. À l’inverse, on constate l’existence d’une relation négative au Japon, en particulier pour les flux d’IDE à destination de la Chine. Par Margit Molnar, Nigel Pain et Daria Taglioni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-3-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Infrastructure and Growth : Empirical Evidence (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.685
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Investment in network infrastructure can boost long-term economic growth in OECD countries. Moreover, infrastructure investment can have a positive effect on growth that goes beyond the effect of the capital stock because of economies of scale, the existence of network externalities and competition enhancing effects. This paper, which is part of a project examining the links between infrastructure and growth and the role of public policies, reports the results on the links with growth from a variety of econometric approaches. Time-series results reveal a positive impact of infrastructure investment on growth. They also show that this effect varies across countries and sectors and over time. In some cases, these results reveal evidence of possible over-investment, which may be related to inefficient use of infrastructure. Bayesian model averaging of cross-section growth regressions confirm that infrastructure investment in telecommunications and the electricity sectors has a robust positive effect on long-term growth (but not in railways and road networks). Furthermore, this effect is highly nonlinear as the impact is stronger if the physical stock is lower.
    DOI: 10.1787/225682848268
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Essai n 453 : Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071230
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 453; Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: L'objectif d'une étude combinée de toxicité chronique/cancérogénèse est l’identification des effets cancérigènes et chroniques dans des espèces mammifères, et la détermination des relations dose-effets à la suite d’une exposition prolongée et répétée. Le rat est typiquement utilisé dans cette étude. Pour les rongeurs, chaque groupe de dose et groupe témoin de la phase « cancérogénèse » contient au moins 50 animaux de chaque sexe, tandis que pour la phase « toxicité chronique », chaque groupe contient 10 animaux de chaque sexe. Au moins trois niveaux de dose et un témoin sont utilisés pour chacune des phases « cancérogénèse » et « Toxicité chronique ». Les trois voies d'administration principales sont les voies orales, cutanées, et l’inhalation. La Ligne directrice traite plus particulièrement de la voie orale. La durée de l'étude est normalement de 12 mois pour la phase « toxicité chronique » et de 24 mois pour la phase « cancérogénèse ». Le rapport d’étude inclut des mesures (pesée) et observations détaillées régulières (examen hématologique, analyse d'urine, chimie clinique), tout comme des procédures d'autopsie et l'histopathologie. Toutes ces observations permettent la détection des effets néoplasiques et la détermination du potentiel cancérigène, ainsi que la détermination de la toxicité générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071230-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring the Relationship between ICT and the Environment (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.162
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: While the links between ICT and environmental outcomes are becoming clearer, there is no separate statistical field that links the two. Nevertheless, some data are available from official statistical sources, from analytical work and from product life cycle studies. This paper suggests a conceptual framework for the new statistical field “ICT and the environment” based on an existing OECD framework for information society statistics. Sources of official data to populate the framework are investigated and some relevant work has been identified.
    DOI: 10.1787/221687775423
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Equity in Student Achievement Across OECD Countries : An Investigation of the Role of Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.708
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socioeconomic backgrounds as a measure of (in) equality of opportunity in OECD countries and looks at the role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15- year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality - in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines - while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Policies allowing increasing social mix are found to reduce school socio-economic segregation without affecting overall performance. Countries that emphasise childcare and pre-school institutions exhibit lower levels of inequality of opportunity, suggesting the effectiveness of early intervention policies in reducing persistence of education outcomes across generations. There is also a positive association between inequality of opportunities and income inequality. As a consequence, cross-country regressions suggest that redistributive policies can help to reduce inequalities of educational opportunities associated with socioeconomic background and, hence, persistence of education outcomes across generations.
    DOI: 10.1787/223056645650
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    ICT in Initial Teacher Training: Research Review (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.38
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This research review reports on articles presenting empirical research in the area of how teacher-training institutions work on preparing future teachers for the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in their future classrooms. It was conducted mainly in English and French and covers research in 11 OECD-countries during the years 2002–2009. The research is unanimous, even if it is not comprehensive, and it shows that ICT is not used regularly or systematically in the countries reviewed. There are good examples, carried out by enthusiastic teacher trainers, but only a minority of the student teachers benefit from this. Very few articles report innovative use of recent technology. Most of the research reports on the use of computers and traditional computer software. Overall, student teachers do not integrate technology into their teaching. A number of reasons for this are identified. The overall picture is that implementation is necessary at all levels (macro, meso, micro) for a successful outcome, but research also gives examples of how problems can be overcome at a micro-level, which is the level of the actors' pedagogical practice. Enthusiasts do seem to have room for maneuver, but the lack of incentives makes it difficult to involve everyone.
    DOI: 10.1787/220502872611
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Impacts of the Phase-Out in 2005 of Quantitative Restrictions under the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.90
    DOI: 10.1787/220185234525
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Spending Power of Sub-Central Governments : A Pilot Study (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.705
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This pilot study presents indicators that assess sub-central government (SCG) spending power by policy area. Traditional indicators – such as the share of SCG in total government spending – are often misleading as they underestimate the impact of central government regulation on sub-central spending patterns. In order to gauge true spending power, a set of institutional indicators is established, based on a detailed assessment of institutional, regulatory and administrative control central government exerts over various SCG policy areas. Results tend to confirm the limited discretion of SCGs over their own budget. Education in particular – the main SCG budget item in most countries – is strongly shaped by central government regulation. Federal countries tend to grant more spending power to SCGs than unitary countries. With a few amendments, the framework of this study could be applied to all OECD countries, although it is advisable to restrict the analysis to the main sub-central spending areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/223123781022
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Intégration régionale en Asie du Sud-Est : le renforcement de la coopération macroéconomique permet d'atténuer les risques (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.90
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Regional Integration in Southeast Asia: Better Macroeconomic Co-operation Can Mitigate Risks
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Les dix membres de l’Association des nations du Sud-Est asiatique (Asean) ont créé l’une des régions les plus dynamiques du monde et ont dévoilé en 2003 leur projet de communauté économique de l’Asean (CEA) visant à donner naissance à un marché unique d’ici à 2015. En décembre 2008, la ratification complète de la charte de l’association a permis d’établir un cadre institutionnel pour une intégration régionale qui se déroule, de facto, depuis les années 80. Cet objectif, qui est énoncé dans le projet et dans la charte, est particulièrement difficile à atteindre dans le contexte actuel. Ce Repères propose quelques pistes pour l’avenir.
    DOI: 10.1787/220214603427
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Towards Green ICT Strategies : Assessing Policies and Programmes on ICT and the Environment (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.155
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This survey analyses 92 government programmes and business initiatives across 22 OECD countries plus the European Commission. Fifty of these have been introduced by governments and the remaining 42 have been developed by business associations, mostly international. Over two-thirds of these focus on improving performance in the ICT industry. Only one third focus on using ICTs across the economy and society in areas where there is major potential to dramatically improve performance, for example in “smart” urban, transport and power distribution systems, despite the fact that this is where ICT have the greatest potential to improve environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/222431651031
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Teacher Evaluation: Current Practices in OECD Countries and a Literature Review (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.23
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper discusses the most relevant issues concerning teacher evaluation in primary and secondary education by reviewing the recent literature and analysing current practices within the OECD countries. First, it provides a conceptual framework highlighting key features of teacher evaluation schemes. In particular, it emphasises the importance of clarifying the purposes of teacher appraisal, whether summative when designed to assure that the practices enhancing student learning are undertaken or formative when conducted for further professional development objectives. It also encompasses the diverse criteria and instruments commonly used to assess teachers as well as the actors generally involved in the process and potential consequences for teachers’ professional life. Second, it deals with a number of contentious points, including the question of the use of student outcomes to measure teaching performance, the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches given the purpose emphasised and resource restrictions, the implementation difficulties resulting from different stakeholders’ interests and possible ways to overcome these obstacles. Finally, it provides an account of current empirical evidence, pointing out mixed results stemming from difficulties in assessing the effects of such evaluation schemes on teaching quality, teachers’ motivation and student learning. It concludes by considering the circumstances under which teacher evaluation systems seem to be more effective, fair and reliable. Developing a comprehensive approach to evaluate teachers is critical to make demands for educational best practice compatible with teachers’ appropriation of the process as well as to enhance the decisive attractiveness and recognition of the teaching profession.
    DOI: 10.1787/223283631428
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Role of Communication Infrastructure Investment in Economic Recovery (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.154
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Broadband networks are increasingly recognised as fundamental for economic and social development. They serve as a communication and transaction platform for the entire economy and can improve productivity across all sectors. Advanced communication networks are a key component of innovative ecosystems and support economic growth. Broadband networks also increase the impact and efficiency of public and private investments which depend on high-speed communications. Broadband is needed as a complementary investment to other infrastructure such as buildings, roads, transportation systems, health and electricity grids, allowing them to be “smart” and save energy, assist the aging, improve safety and adapt to new ideas.
    DOI: 10.1787/222432403368
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Crises de la dette souveraine et indicateurs d'alerte : le rôle du marché obligataire primaire (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.89
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Sovereign Debt Crises and Early Warning Indicators: The Role of the Primary Bond Market
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Au cours des années 90 et 2000, plusieurs crises ont mis à mal la stabilité des marchés de capitaux internationaux, depuis la crise du Système monétaire européen de 1992-93 à la crise financière actuelle, en passant par celles qui ont frappé les marchés émergents.
    DOI: 10.1787/220235167841
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Challenge of Restoring French Competitiveness (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.720
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le défi de redressement de la compétitivité française
    DOI: 10.1787/222054166088
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Égypte (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034648
    Sprache: Französisch
    Ausgabe: 2007
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Schlagwort(e): Ägypten ; Investitionsförderung
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106857
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Serie: Radiological Protection
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear power utilities and national regulatory authorities worldwide to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings for the radiological protection of workers at nuclear power plants. The ISOE objective is to improve occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants by exchanging relevant information, data and experience on methods to optimise occupational radiological protection. This report on work management provides practical guidance on the application of work management principles as a contribution to the optimisation of occupational radiological protection. It recognises that while work management is no longer a new concept, continued efforts are needed to ensure that good performance, outcomes and trends are maintained in the face of current and future challenges. The focus of this report is therefore on presenting the key aspects of work management that should be considered by management and workers to save time, doses and money, supported by updated practical examples from within the ISOE community.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106857-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Durabilité des réformes de la fonction publique en Europe centrale et orientale cinq ans après l'accession à l'UE (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: Documents SIGMA no.44
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustainability of Civil Service Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe Five Years After EU Accession
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Cette étude examine l'évolution des réformes de la fonction publique que les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale se sont engagés à préparer eux-mêmes pour l'adhésion à l'UE qui a eu lieu en mai 2004 (5e élargissement de l'UE). Nous nous sommes intéressés à la situation actuelle dans les huit pays de l'ECO (PECO) qui ont adhéré à l'Union européenne (EU) en 2004. La recherche qui appuie cette étude a été effectuée avant que la crise économique actuelle n'éclate ; par conséquent, elle ne tient pas compte des effets prévisibles de la crise sur le développement de la fonction publique dans les pays concernés.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k40htrhpbtd-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Linking Mitigation Actions in Developing Countries with Mitigation Support : A Conceptual Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/02
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Development
    Kurzfassung: The Bali Action Plan introduced the notion of linking GHG mitigation action in developing countries with support for such action, in a "measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV)" manner. However, it does not specify the relationship or link that may be made between nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in developing countries and mitigation support. It also remains unclear whether the MRV requirements apply to the link between NAMAs in developing countries and mitigation support, or to one or both of the separate elements. This paper suggests a number of elements for a possible conceptual framework to "link" mitigation actions with mitigation support, including practical considerations for how one might measure, report and verify progress, with a view to understanding the role for such a framework in a post-2012 agreement. The design of a successful and effective linking framework might aim to achieve a number of specific goals. On the action side, a key goal may be to integrate NAMAs in developing countries into national development plans and to address a significant mitigation opportunities. On the support side, important goals are perhaps cost-effectiveness and how to prioritise spending. For a linking framework to successfully address these issues, both actions and support would need to be measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV). Building on existing systems, a framework for MRV based on both the actual, possible or planned mitigation actions in developing countries as well as on current (public) mitigation support from developed countries could be a good starting point for further development of a linking framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k455r1485q4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Fiscal Autonomy of Sub-Central Governments : An Update (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes the progress that has been made since 2006 in establishing statistical databases on tax autonomy and intergovernmental grants, aiming to better understand sub-central finance and intergovernmental fiscal relations. The paper is divided into two parts: a first part on taxing power of sub-central governments, and a second part on intergovernmental grants. Some of the work presented here is an update of earlier activities carried out in 1999 and again in 2005. By now the Fiscal Network has time series for both tax autonomy and intergovernmental grants indicators. Most data were obtained through a questionnaire sent to OECD member countries in spring 2008, and data were again revised after the Fiscal Network meeting in December 2008.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k97b111wb0t-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Péréquation financière (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Fiscal equalisation
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La péréquation financière constitue un transfert de ressources budgétaires entre les autorités infranationales visant à compenser les disparités territoriales en termes de capacité fiscale ou de coût des services publics. Ce transfert représente 2.5 % du PIB ou 5 % de l’ensemble des dépenses publiques en moyenne pour l’ensemble des pays de l’OCDE. La péréquation permet de réduire de deux tiers en moyenne les disparités financières voire de virtuellement les combler entièrement dans certains pays. Cependant la péréquation ne va pas sans coût : en moyenne près de 70 % du revenu fiscal additionnel d’une autorité infranationale se trouve dédié à un fonds national de péréquation. Le taux de péréquation est en général plus élevé pour les collectivités territoriales disposant d’une faible capacité fiscale, ce qui limite leur effort fiscal et risque de ralentir la convergence économique entre les régions. La péréquation selon les coûts représente un pourcentage de PIB plus important que celle qui repose sur les revenus, et ce bien que les disparités soient moins élevées en termes de coût qu’en termes de revenus. Ce constat souligne les inefficacités des formules de péréquation. En particulier, la péréquation financière peut s’avérer pro-cyclique même si la plupart des pays parviennent à contenir les variations des engagements de dépense des collectivités territoriales, parfois même au prix de leurs besoins budgétaires. Les systèmes de péréquation financière sont en fait très marqués par les spécificités nationales, aussi les données comme les conclusions de l’analyse comparative doivent être prises avec précaution. Par Hansjörg Blöchliger et Claire Charbit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-8-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Guidance Document on Overview of Residue Chemistry Studies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264614574
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.)
    Serie: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.32
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Overview Guidance Document summarises the major guidance aspects provided in the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5. This document also develops an approach for a Global Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) process to achieve use of a single globally acceptable feeding study for MRL setting and risk assessment for livestock food commodities that involves four key components: 1) Harmonised Guidance for the Definition of Residue; 2) Reasonable Worst Case Animal Diets/Maximum Reasonably Balanced Diet; 3) Harmonised Table of Livestock Feed Commodities; and 4) Definition of Reasonable Worst Case Livestock Feeding Levels. Each of these components is described and supported by the following resources: (i) a table of raw agricultural commodities; (ii) national and regional tables of livestock feedstuffs; (iii) a glossary of Terms; (iv) comprehensive submission criteria for supervised field trials in support of registration in all OECD countries; and (v) instructions for calculating the 1x (lowest dose) pesticide oral administration level for livestock feeding studies, taking into account the various livestock diets around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/226617da-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions : Review of Models (Russian version) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Sprache: Russisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062238-ru
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How Does Decentralised Minimum-Wage Setting Affect Unemployment and Informality? : The Case of Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.710
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: The Indonesian labour market is characterised by widespread informality. To some extent, these outcomes can be attributed to a sharp increase in the real value of the minimum wage since 2001, when minimum-wage setting was decentralised to the provincial governments. To test this hypothesis, this paper uses survey data on the labour market (Sakernas), household income and expenditure (Susenas) and the industrial sector (Survei Industri) to construct a district-level dataset spanning the period 1996 to 2004. The effects of changes in the minimum wage on unemployment, formal-sector employment and the incidence of informality in urban areas are estimated separately by fixed effects and jointly by a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimator. Our findings show that an increase in the minimum-to-mean wage ratio is associated with a net increase in employment: a rise in informal-sector employment more than compensates for job losses in the formal sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia).
    DOI: 10.1787/222850046464
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Legislation, Collective Bargaining and Enforcement : Updating the OECD Employment Protection Indicators (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.89
    DOI: 10.1787/223334316804
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/07
    DOI: 10.1787/223853273815
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Jobs for Immigrants : Labour Market Integration in Norway (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.94
    DOI: 10.1787/221336486778
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Smart Sensor Networks : Technologies and Applications for Green Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.167
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report gives an overview of sensor technology and fields of application of sensors and sensor networks. It discusses in detail selected fields of application that have high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reviews studies quantifying the environmental impact. The review of the studies assessing the impact of sensor technology in reducing greenhouse gas emissions reveals that the technology has a high potential to contribute to a reduction of emissions across various fields of application. Whereas studies clearly estimate an overall strong positive effect in smart grids, smart buildings, smart industrial applications as well as precision agriculture and farming, results for the field of smart transportation are mixed due to rebound effects. In particular intelligent transport systems render transport more efficient, faster and cheaper. As a consequence, demand for transportation and thus the consumption of resources both increase which can lead to an overall negative effect.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6x0m5vkh-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Informal Cross-Border Trade and Trade Facilitation Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.86
    DOI: 10.1787/225770164564
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reforms to Open Sheltered Sectors to Competition in Switzerland (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.667
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: Measures to make the regulation of product markets more conducive to competition play a prominent role in the governments “growth package” of measures to stimulate economic growth which are in the process of being implemented. This paper discusses these measures and suggests further improvements. Notwithstanding significant reforms in recent years, competition law and its enforcement are still weaker than in other OECD countries. Scope for making regulation of product markets more competition-friendly is large in the network industries. While sector-specific regulators have been introduced, their independence needs to be strengthened. The reform of the electricity supply law provides the main building block opening the industry to competition, but vertical separation requirements of the electricity grid from electricity generation and trading activities need to be strengthened. In telecommunications, restrictions in access of competitors to the local loop limit the scope for lowering prices and improving quality of service in broadband connections. Measures still need to be taken to prevent discrimination against market entrants in the railway passenger services market and much scope exists to widen competition in postal services. Progress in lowering the degree of protection in the proposed legislation on agricultural policy 2007-11 is modest. Trade barriers can also be lowered for manufactured goods through the adoption of the Cassis de Dijon principle.
    DOI: 10.1787/226785745104
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Revisiting Political Budget Cycles in Latin America (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.281
    DOI: 10.1787/221383354183
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Assessing Barriers to Trade in Services in the MENA Region (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.84
    DOI: 10.1787/225883022037
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Framework for the Development of Financial Literacy Baseline Surveys : A First International Comparative Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions no.1
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmddpz7m9zq-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Interurban Passenger Transport : Economic Assessment of Major Infrastructure Projects (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/18
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmmr3d2878v-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Literature Review of Recent Trends and Future Prospects for Innovation in Climate Change Mitigation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The international discussion about global climate change now revolves around what the necessary set of policies and technologies will be needed to realize reduction goals. Stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations at 450 to 550 parts per million will require policy changes along with innovation and large-scale adoption of GHG-reducing technologies throughout the global energy system. Innovations will need to be supported by international cooperation and behavioral changes to further realize the benefits of technological advances. Much discussion has therefore focused on policies that target technology directly, including research and development (R&D) activities and technology-specific incentives, as well as policies and agreements that increase diffusion and adoption. This paper reviews the recent literature on trends and prospects for innovation in climate change mitigation, to identify the most important international and domestic actions necessary to technologically alter energy systems in a direction that can achieve GHG stabilization targets while also meeting other societal goals. It provides an overview of key technical issues associated with the development, diffusion, and adoption of technologies that mitigate climate change. It examines the role of environment and innovation policy measures to encourage innovation, and it outlines the conditions that trigger these advances. The review highlights that establishing a GHG emission price is essential from a technology perspective. Such a price should be coupled with public R&D support. The review discusses policy features that impact on environmentally oriented R&D, the diffusion of environmental innovations, their deployment in developing countries. In particular, the paper outlines the positive role of international technology-oriented agreements as part of the architecture of an international climate change policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/218688342302
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Activation Policies in Norway (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 112 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.78
    DOI: 10.1787/226388712174
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Structural Reforms and the Benefits of the Enlarged EU Internal Market : Much Achieved and Much to Do (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.694
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: High expectations surrounded the two waves of eastward EU enlargement in 2004 and 2007, with the extension of the EU Internal Market being expected to deliver a substantial boost to economic growth in new and old member States alike. Indeed, considerable progress has been made, with existing evidence pointing to increased trade and FDI flows, enhanced east-west migration and a more stable macroeconomic environment. However, completion of the internal market is progressing at an uneven pace, and comparatively less progress can be seen in services industries, which provide over two-thirds of jobs and value added in the economy. Empirical estimates suggest that competition and trade-enhancing reforms in services industries could generate substantial productivity improvements across EU member economies. Over a period of 10 years, the predicted increase in labour productivity resulting from a bold reform package is around 10% for the average EU country, and new member States stand to gain even more. In addition to service-sector reform, priorities towards a more integrated EU internal market should include removing remaining barriers to labour mobility, improving transport infrastructure, mutual recognition of qualifications, and enhanced market integration of network industries. Finally, a more explicit use of benchmarking may help to enhance the momentum of future internal market reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/224350486867
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Improving the Performance of the Public Health Care System in Greece (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.722
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: Greek health outcomes compare favourably with the OECD average. However, the health care system is seen as not working well by the population. One source of dissatisfaction is the high proportion of private household spending on health, including informal payments, while public health spending relative to GDP is one of the lowest in the OECD. This situation leads to inequities in access to certain medical services. Also, there is a weakening of efficiency of the system, which should be addressed sooner than later in view of a rising demand for medical services, which is going to intensify in the coming decades, and the need to keep government health care spending in check. This calls for reforms in four areas: (i) reviewing the excessively fragmented structure of the health care system and its governance; (ii) enhancing the quality of public primary health care services; (iii) modernising hospital administration; and (iv) further tightening control over pharmaceutical expenditure.
    DOI: 10.1787/221250170007
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Contribution of Strategic Environmental Assessment to Transport Policy Governance (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/30
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmmnc69gt23-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Enhancing Educational Performance in Australia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.678
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: The Australian education system fares well in international comparison with regards to PISA test scores and the higher education system attracts an increasing number of foreign students. Vocational education and training (VET) is an important part of the post–secondary education system, equipping individuals with the skills to enter or re–enter the labour force and offering a pathway to further education. However, a number of challenges need to be addressed. Reducing complexity and fragmentation and tackling issues of under–supply and under–representation of children from disadvantaged groups in the early childhood education and care system is of major importance, given the beneficial impact of early education on outcomes later in life. A key challenge for the school sector is to reduce the achievement gaps of the lowest performing students, while improving overall literacy and numeracy outcomes. Greater autonomy at the school level and improvements in teaching quality would help in this regard. Enhancing the capacity of the VET system to address skill shortages is another key priority. The low rate of completion of training courses is an additional policy issue facing the sector. Finally, moving towards a less rigid policy framework for higher education would enhance flexibility and diversity, making the system more responsive to labour market needs and globalisation challenges. The promotion of a highquality education system that responds swiftly to changing skill needs is a top priority of the new government. The “Education Revolution”, backed by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), pursues reforms across all sectors of the education system, an important objective being the closing of the gap for the indigenous population.
    DOI: 10.1787/226361423610
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Régions et gouvernement central : Des contrats pour le développement régional (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264007680
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Linking Regions and Central Governments; Contracts for Regional Development
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Linking Regions and Central Governments: Contracts for Regional Development
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: La décentralisation s’est accrue et cela a renforcé la responsabilité des niveaux de gouvernement infranationaux dans la fourniture d’un ensemble de biens et services publics. Cependant, il est très rare qu’ils agissent de manière indépendante. Cet ouvrage fournit un cadre analytique unique permettant d’évaluer les accords pluriniveaux, qui est ensuite appliqué à cinq cas nationaux de politique de développement régional : l’Allemagne, le Canada, l’Espagne, la France et l’Italie. Cette étude souligne l’importance des arrangements contractuels pour adapter localement les interdépendances entre acteurs publics, pour clarifier leurs responsabilités, établir un dialogue entre les parties et permettre l’apprentissage.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007680-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Research and Test Facilities Required in Nuclear Science and Technology (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106840
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Serie: Nuclear Science
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Experimental facilities are essential research tools both for the development of nuclear science and technology and for testing systems and materials which are currently being used or will be used in the future. As a result of economic pressures and the closure of older facilities, there are concerns that the ability to undertake the research necessary to maintain and to develop nuclear science and technology may be in jeopardy. An NEA expert group with representation from ten member countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission has reviewed the status of those research and test facilities of interest to the NEA Nuclear Science Committee. They include facilities relating to nuclear data measurement, reactor development, neutron scattering, neutron radiography, accelerator-driven systems, transmutation, nuclear fuel, materials, safety, radiochemistry, partitioning and nuclear process heat for hydrogen production. This report contains the expert group’s detailed assessment of the current status of these nuclear research facilities and makes recommendations on how future developments in the field can be secured through the provision of high-quality, modern facilities. It also describes the online database which has been established by the expert group which includes more than 700 facilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106840-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Nuclear Fuel Cycle Transition Scenario Studies : Status Report (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107083
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Serie: Nuclear Science
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Future nuclear fuel cycles could effectively address radioactive waste issues with the implementation of partitioning and transmutation (P&T). Previous studies have defined the infrastructure requirements for several key technical approaches. While these studies have proven extremely valuable, several countries have also recognised the complex, dynamic nature of the infrastructure problem: severe new issues arise when attempting to transit from current open or partially closed cycles to a final equilibrium or burn-down mode. While the issues are country-specific when addressed in detail, it is believed that there exists a series of generic issues related only to the current situation and to the desired end point. These issues are critical to implementing a sustainable nuclear energy infrastructure. The present report focuses on the definition of key issues, the assessment of technologies and national scenario assessments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107083-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Farmland Conversion : The Spatial Dimension of Agricultural and Land Use Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264679542 , 9789264340008 , 9789264415522
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Land is a key input into agricultural production and the agricultural sector remains the main user of rural land in most OECD countries. How land is managed in agriculture, and the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses, are likely to have implications not only for the provision of food, but also for the supply of public goods such as rural amenities, as well as for the quantity and quality of water. Changes in agricultural, agri-environmental, land-use, and regional policies – together with factors such as climate and demographic changes – increasingly affect land use and management choices. This report examines the impact of several policies on farmland conversion using a combination of economic analysis and empirical case studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae50672e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reporting and Recording Post-2012 GHG Mitigation Commitments, Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/04
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) indicated the importance of “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support for GHG mitigation actions, in the post-2012 climate framework. Negotiations underway for this framework have highlighted the benefits of, and interest in, expanding current MRV-related provisions, including to develop a more comprehensive and timely picture of countries’ mitigation efforts and support. Establishing some form of reporting or recording mechanism that could be used to centralise and track information on country mitigation actions, commitments and support could fill this gap. This mechanism could focus on current efforts, or also include information on future or planned efforts. Such a mechanism could take different forms, including a stand-alone electronic registry where actions (and potentially also commitments and support) could be reported ex post. Alternatively, information on actions and commitments could be recorded ex ante as an integral appendix of a post-2012 climate agreement. This paper explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of such a reporting/recording mechanism (subsequently referred to as a NAMAs registry); what information it could include in terms of actions, commitments and support; and the institutional implications of different design options. It thus focuses on the measurable and reportable components of MRV, rather than on verification.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d4z64br-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Finding the Dividing Line Between Tax Sharing and Grants : A Statistical Investigation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.10
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Tax sharing and intergovernmental grants are two sub-central funding arrangements that are often difficult to disentangle. The dividing line is not drawn uniformly across OECD countries or across time, and rules established in National Accounts, Revenue Statistics and others give incomplete guidance. Moreover, tax sharing arrangements may differ according to how tax revenue is distributed across individual jurisdictions. In order to ensure that fiscal arrangements are recorded properly and on a comparable basis, a set of clear criteria to delineate them is required. This section presents the results of a test that was applied in order to find the dividing line a) between tax sharing and intergovernmental grants and b) between different categories of tax sharing. The test was performed using questionnaire responses and builds on earlier documents on the same topic presented to Fiscal Network Delegates in 2006 and 2008.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k97b10vvbnw-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Financing Climate Change Mitigation : Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/06
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: The current monitoring, reporting and review framework under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has a number of strengths and weaknesses. Weaknesses include inconsistent and/or incomplete self reporting of financial support; infrequent reporting; limited and incomplete information on multilateral development banks and other non-UNFCCC funds; lack of primary data on financial flows under KP mechanisms (CDM); and lack of verification procedures. This paper aims to facilitate a discussion about a possible framework to measure, report and verify (MRV) mitigation support. It considers the main pathways through which mitigation support to developing countries may flow as well as the availability and suitability of information in this area to provide a basis to measure, report and verify mitigation support. A strengthened framework for reporting could be developed and layered into the existing system, e.g. via National Communications. Data gaps and reporting frequency could be corrected through improvements in National Communication guidelines and the development of a common reporting format. The UNFCCC could also collaborate with other institutions to develop and draw on more standardised data from other sources and to assure that information across sources is comparable and publicly available. A key aspect would be to provide a monitoring system that covers not just public but also private finance in mitigation specific as well as mitigation relevant areas. The absence of verification procedures in the current UNFCCC monitoring and review system for mitigation support should also be addressed. The Convention does not lay out specific guidelines for the review of mitigation support reported in National Communications and reported information is not formally cross checked with alternative information sources. Parties could agree to the elaboration of guidelines for review and verification to help determine whether Parties have employed agreed methods for self assessment and reporting on technology transfer, capacity building and financing, and whether reporting is conducted in a transparent manner. In addition, standardised reporting by recipient countries about funds received, use and usefulness of funds could also be an important addition to provide information for verification with information on contributions to mitigation support.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xh6h4r6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    L' impact de l'économie géographique sur le PIB par tête dans les pays de l'OCDE (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The contribution of economic geography to GDP per capita
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Cet article examine dans quelle mesure la dispersion des performances économiques entre pays de l’OCDE peut être expliquée par la proximité de zones denses d’activités économiques. Pour ce faire, divers indicateurs de distance par rapport aux marchés et de coûts de transports sont ajoutés comme déterminants dans un modèle de Solow augmenté, utilisé comme référence. Diverses mesures de distance sont estimées avoir un effet significatif sur le PIB par habitant. De plus, l’impact économique estimé est loin d’être négligeable. L’éloignement par rapport aux marchés pourrait pénaliser l’Australie et la Nouvelle Zélande, par rapport à la moyenne des pays de l’OCDE, à hauteur de 11 % du PIB. A l’inverse, la Belgique et les Pays-Bas bénéficieraient de leur position centrale pour environ 6-7 % du PIB. Des premières indications suggèrent également que les dépenses en R-D et en capital humain peuvent avoir un effet plus fort sur le PIB par tête dans les pays ayant un fort degré de concentration urbaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-9-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Les effets d'une taxe carbone sur la Norvège, la Russie et le Moyen-Orient (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The incidence of carbon pricing: Norway, Russia and the Middle East
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Norway ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: La Russie, la Norvège et les pays du Moyen-Orient sont trois régions du monde caractérisées par des héritages différents en matière de politiques énergétiques. Ces caractéristiques sont telles qu’elles rendent plus problématiques la mise en place de politiques de réduction des gaz à effet de serre en Russie, et dans les pays du Moyen-Orient, qu’en Norvège. Et ce, même si toutes trois sont des économies largement productrices d’énergie primaire. Par rapport au coût économique moyen d’une telle politique pour l’ensemble des pays du monde, la Russie sera durement touchée, le Moyen-Orient aussi, quoique dans une proportion moindre, la Norvège, en revanche, ne le sera guère plus que le reste du monde. Cette asymétrie souligne que si ces différences en termes d’impact sont mal appréhendées, alors des négociations internationales seraient sujettes à des marchandages sous informations asymétriques. Ces derniers pourraient alors empêcher d’aboutir à un accord global. Ce résultat n’est qu’une première illustration des efforts à fournir afin de surmonter de tels problèmes d’asymétries. Néanmoins certaines conclusions de cet article sont clairement explicites : en ce qui concerne le rythme des réformes des marchés de l’énergie en Russie, ou quant à la diversification des économies du Moyen Orient.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-7-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Défis posés par la poursuite de la mondialisation en matière de politique macroéconomique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The macroeconomic policy challenges of continued globalisation
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Cet article étudie les défis de politiques économiques posés par la poursuite éventuelle au cours des deux prochaines décennies de l’intégration commerciale et financière internationales. Cette étude est fondée sur l’utilisation d’un modèle macroéconomique mondial récemment développé par l’OCDE. L’analyse conduit à plusieurs implications politiques importantes. Tout d’abord, avec une part croissante des économies non membres de l’OCDE dans la production mondiale, le commerce et les marchés financiers, les changements économiques mondiaux deviendront beaucoup plus dépendants de ceux de ces économies. Ensuite, la soutenabilité des déséquilibres mondiaux des comptes courants existants dépendra en partie de la construction et de la composition futures des avoirs et engagements internationaux. Alors que les déséquilibres devraient être soutenables un certain temps si l’intégration économique continue à ce rythme, un ralentissement du processus de mondialisation augmenterait la possibilité d’un ajustement brutal des marchés financiers. Enfin, l’accroissement des liens commerciaux et internationaux implique que les chocs macroéconomiques affectant un pays ou une région donnée auront dans le futur un impact plus fort sur les autres économies que maintenant. Les décideurs politiques des pays de l’OCDE devraient donc agir plus rapidement et plus fortement aux chocs économiques affectant les économies non membres de l’OCDE afin d’en limiter l’impact sur les économies membres.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-5-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Ausgabe: 2009
    Serie: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Schlagwort(e): Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060074-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Ausgabe: 2009
    Serie: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Schlagwort(e): Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060074-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    KOBV
  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060074
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Schlagwort(e): Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: The radical transformation that Spanish rural areas have experienced in the past few decades suggest, as it has occurred in many OECD countries, a new approach to rural policy. Spain has recently undertaken a major reform of its rural policies, including the merger of the Ministry of Agriculture with the Ministry of the Environment and the recently approved Law on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas. This new framework creates a multi-sectoral and place-based “rural policy of state”, making Spain better equipped to address the challenges and opportunities of rural areas. This report – undertaken at the same time as the reforms were being implemented – will interest both policy makers engaged in similar reform processes and others working on issues such the “political economy” of reforms, rural tourism, renewable energies, rural clusters, development of peri-urban areas and public service delivery in remote rural areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060074-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International Migration : The Human Face of Globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107113 , 9789264055780
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Insights
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Keeley, Brian International migration
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Welt ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Internationale Migration ; Geschichte ; Globalisierung ; Bedeutung ; Rolle ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Einwanderer ; Überweisung ; Braindrain ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: About 190 million people around the world live outside their country of birth. These migrants bring energy, entrepreneurship and fresh ideas to our societies. But there are downsides: young migrants who fail in education, adults who don’t find work and, of course, unregulated migration. Such challenges can make migration a political lightning rod and a topic for angry debate. Drawing on the unique expertise of the OECD,this book moves beyond rhetoric to look at the realities of international migration today: Where do migrants come from and where do they go? How do governments manage migration? How well do migrants perform in education and in the workforce? And does migration help – or hinder – developing countries?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055780-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Growth and the Role of Taxation - Disaggregate Data (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.715
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper surveys the empirical analysis of disaggregate data on growth. The aim is to identify how economic policy can affect the choices that have been identified as influences upon the rate of growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/222775817802
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Infrastructure Investment : Links to Growth and the Role of Public Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.686
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Investment in network infrastructure – the energy, water, transport and telecommunication networks – which performs a vital role for the functioning of the economy, can contribute to raising growth and social welfare. But more is not always better. While the paper shows that investment in the network industries has had a positive effect over and above the addition to the capital stock, there is evidence that investment in the past has sometimes been misallocated. This paper identifies the policy framework that promotes investment that is conducive to growth and ensures the appropriate use of infrastructure. Central aspects of this framework are identified as a robust decision making process, improving the selection of investment projects, the introduction of competitive pressures through the reduction of barriers to entry and vertical separation when this is appropriate. In addition, efficient investment can be promoted by the combination of regulator independence and the application of incentive regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/225678178357
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    ENUM: Converging Telephone Numbers and Addresses in Next Generation Networks (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.156
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Document “Convergence and Next Generation Networks” analysed developments in Next Generation Networks (NGN), and the convergence of core and access networks. The aim of that paper was to review areas where policy changes may be required and to put forward recommendations for considerations in areas where change may be necessary to support new developments and to ensure that telecommunication policy goals can be met. The paper depicted areas of regulatory interest, arising from the deployment of NGN. The objective was to identify policy and regulatory issues that government and national regulatory authorities may have to confront in the framework of the development of core next generation networks. It noted that the issue of ‘Numbering, naming and addressing” was a policy area that would need further analysis and that ENUM was one of the potentially significant developments in the converging world of telephone numbering, naming and addressing.
    DOI: 10.1787/222425783407
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Coherence of Development Policies : Ecuador's Economic Ties with Spain and their Development Impact (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.280
    DOI: 10.1787/221388758133
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Long-Term Care Workforce: Overview and Strategies to Adapt Supply to a Growing Demand (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.44
    DOI: 10.1787/225350638472
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Taxes or Grants : What Revenue Source for Sub-Central Governments? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.706
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses trends in and driving forces of the revenue composition of sub-central governments (SCG). Between 1995 and 2005 the share of SCG in total government spending increased from 31 to 33%, while the SCG tax share remained stable at around 17%, increasing SCG’s dependence on intergovernmental grants. While equal access to public services is the most common justification for such grants, the grant systems of most countries are much larger than required by equalization. Moreover, rather than smoothing out SCG revenue fluctuations over the cycle, grants often tend to exacerbate them. Finally, there is some evidence that grants reduce SCG tax raising effort, inflate SCG spending and increase SCG deficits and debt. The economic crisis will both sharply reduce SCG’s own tax revenues and – via budget constraints at the central level – increase pressure on the grant system. The crisis could hence help rethink the SCG revenue mix, their tax structure and the size and design of intergovernmental transfers.
    DOI: 10.1787/223111363085
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Managing Water for All : An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing - Key Messages for Policy Makers (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous : Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Water is vital for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. The situation is becoming more urgent due to increasing pressure, competition and even conflict over the use of water resources. The OECD has been working for many years to address these challenges. The results of recent work are summarised in Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation. The report examines: strategic financial planning for water supply and sanitation that balances the key sources of revenues for the water sector – the“3Ts” of taxes, tariffs and transfers; the design and implementation of water pricing strategies that balance financial sustainability with other policy objectives; recent developments in private sector participation in the water sector; and trends and the future outlook of water use in agriculture. It considers both developing and OECD countries and offers concrete recommendations and checklists for action. The report is an invaluable resource for policy makers, academics, NGOs and all others interested in the challenges facing the water sector today. The key messages for policy makers are summarised in this volume.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060548-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Surveys in the OECD Region (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.26
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Both within and beyond the OECD region, governments and other stakeholders are increasingly interested in the assessments of the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are for the challenges of the knowledge based society. The current paper provides an overview of the two international assessments of adult literacy which have already taken place in the OECD region – the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) and the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) as well as of the forthcoming OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The conceptual framework for the assessments is described with a focus on the links between the different assessments. In addition, the paper provides a survey of the outputs of IALS and ALL including a review of the major themes addressed in the literature which has used data from these surveys as well as a brief discussion of their policy impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/221351213600
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Essai n 437 : Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076297
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 437; Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 437: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: La méthode d’essai d’opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l’identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil (OPCB) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des substances parmi les substances « corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil ». La méthode OPCB utilise des cornées isolées provenant d’yeux de bovins abattus à des fins commerciales, évitant ainsi l’utilisation d’animaux de laboratoire. Chaque groupe de traitement (substance d’essai et témoins négatifs et positifs) est composé de trois yeux au minimum, dont la cornée a été prélevée et placée dans la chambre d’un porte-cornée. En fonction des propriétés physico-chimiques de la substance d’essai, différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour l’appliquer, mais il est important que la substance recouvre bien la surface épithéliale. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir des mesures de son opacité et de sa perméabilité, qui une fois combinées, fournissent le score d’irritation in vivo (SIIV) pour chaque groupe de traitement. Une substance qui induit un SIIV≥ 55.1 est classée « corrosive ou fortement irritante ».
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076297-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effets de certains accords commerciaux régionaux sur les échanges agricoles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Trade Impacts of Selected Regional Trade Agreements in Agriculture
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: Ce document de travail procède à une étude approfondie des effets sur le commerce dans le secteur de l'agriculture de trois accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) — la Zone de Libre Echange de l'ANASE (AFTA), le Marché Commun de l'Afrique de l'Est et de l'Afrique australe (COMESA) et le Marché Commun du Sud (MERCOSUR). Les résultats du modèle de gravité suggèrent que la création de l'AFTA, du COMESA et du MERCOSUR a accru le commerce des produits agricoles entre leurs pays membres. Il n'y a pas d'indication solide du détournement des échanges concernant les importations provenant de pays extérieurs à ces régions. Ces accords sont donc créateurs de nouveaux échanges commerciaux. Il n'y a cependant pas d'indication solide de la création d'échanges avec des pays n'appartenant pas aux ACR étudiés. Dans certains cas, le manque d'infrastructures de transport et de communication qui s'ajoute aux contraintes sur l'offre atténue l'effet des ACR sur les flux commerciaux. Les coûts associés au transport et à la logistique semblent demeurer des facteurs importants dans la détermination des flux commerciaux agricoles. Dans certains ACR, les pays ont un avantage comparatif dans l'exportation de nombreux produits agricoles similaires diminuant ainsi l'effet de l'accès préférentiel au marché. Plusieurs implications pour les ACR Sud-Sud peuvent être tirées de l’examen de ces différents accords.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk0bj78q31-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Achieving Fiscal Flexibility and Safeguarding Sustainability : The Case of Slovakia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.681
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: Euro area entry calls for more fiscal flexibility to absorb cyclical shocks that cannot be dealt with by the common monetary policy. At the same time fiscal consolidation must not be put at risk, especially given rising ageing related costs. The current fiscal framework could be improved by introducing multi-year expenditure ceilings and by removing pro-cyclical elements in fiscal rules. An adjustment account that serves to register breaches of fiscal rules and eliminates them over time could help in coping with projection errors. To ensure long-term sustainability of public finances it is essential not to dilute the substantial improvements in the long-term balance of the definedbenefit pillar associated with past pension reforms. The government should consider making participation in the defined contribution pillar mandatory for new labour market entrants or, at the very least, make it the default option. For current workers the pillars should remain closed. Moreover, further parametric changes such as increasing the retirement age in line with life expectancy gains and reducing unsustainable elements in the pension formula would improve the balance of the defined benefit pillar.
    DOI: 10.1787/226231818862
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Child Well-Being and Sole-Parent Family Structure in the OECD : An Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.82
    DOI: 10.1787/225407362040
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Incentives to Participate in and the Stability of International Climate Coalitions : A Game-Theoretic Approach Using the WITCH Model (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.702
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses WITCH, an integrated assessment model with a game-theoretic structure, to explore the prospects for, and the stability of broad coalitions to achieve ambitious climate change mitigation action. Only coalitions including all large emitting regions are found to be technically able to meet a concentration stabilisation target below 550 ppm CO2eq by 2100. Once the free-riding incentives of non-participants are taken into account, only a “grand coalition” including virtually all regions can be successful. This grand coalition is profitable as a whole, implying that all countries can gain from participation provided appropriate transfers are made across them. However, neither the grand coalition nor smaller but still environmentally significant coalitions appear to be stable. This is because the collective welfare surplus from cooperation is not found to be large enough for transfers to offset the free-riding incentives of all countries simultaneously. Some factors omitted from the analysis, which might improve coalition stability, include the co-benefits from mitigation action, the costless removal of fossil fuel subsidies, as well as alternative assumptions regarding countries’ bargaining behaviour.
    DOI: 10.1787/223552487415
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Policies for Healthy Ageing : An Overview (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.42
    DOI: 10.1787/226757488706
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...