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  • 2005-2009  (5.922)
  • 2000-2004  (2.979)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (6.783)
  • Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,  (2.118)
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  • 101
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051096
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (139 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Turkey
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Kurzfassung: This comprehensive review of Turkey's health care system shows that health status has improved rapidly in Turkey in recent decades, partly as a result of higher health spending. It describes the introduction of an ambitious Health Transformation Programme in 2003 which brought universal health insurance to Turkey in 2008 and has begun the process of public hospital reforms and the rolling out of family-practitioner services throughout the country. Challenges remain, however, including completing the Health Transformation Programme and ensuring that the new health system provides value for money and stays affordable. This report analyses these challenges and sets out policy suggestions aimed at addressing them.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 102
    ISBN: 9789282102183
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Déficience cognitive, santé mentale et transports ; Vers une accessibilité pour tous
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cognitive impairment and mental health affect a large number of people, for whom the use of public transport can present a challenge. This book examines this neglected area, presenting various suggestions from transport staff training to better signage, clearer timetables, and increased staff presence to help build users' confidence.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 103
    ISBN: 9789282102213
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health and Transport; Design with Everyone in Mind
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Pour la partie de plus en plus nombreuse de la population qui est atteinte de déficiences cognitives ou d’un problème de santé mentale, l’utilisation des transports publics peut être vécue comme un défi. La publication analyse ce domaine négligé en proposant des solutions allant de la formation des personnels de services à l'utilisation d'une meilleure signalétique, à des changements dans la présentation des horaires ainsi qu'à une présence accrue de personnel pour aider les voyageurs à prendre confiance.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 104
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264034648
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; Egypt 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Egypt
    Kurzfassung: En juillet 2007, l'Égypte adhéré à la Déclaration de l’OCDE sur l’investissement international et les entreprises multinationales. Le pays a fait l’objet d’un examen complet de ses politiques à l’égard de l’investissement international par des membres de l’OCDE, en fonction des critères du Cadre d’action pour l’investissement. Cette publication présente les résultats de cet examen. L’une des principales conclusions est que les investisseurs internationaux ont réagi rapidement aux initiatives gouvernementales de réforme des politiques, en multipliant par huit les entrées d’IDE en Égypte en trois ans à peine, en diversifiant leurs opérations au-delà du secteur pétrolier pour fournir des investissements particulièrement nécessaires à un large éventail d’activités manufacturières et de services. Toutefois, l’examen révèle aussi que les réformes du climat d’investissement prennent du temps et que de nombreux défis restent à relever. Il s’agit notamment des efforts actuellement déployés pour supprimer les restrictions sectorielles inutiles à l’encontre de l’investissement, maintenir l’impulsion pour l’élargissement du programme de privatisation et encourager l’entrepreneuriat en favorisant la transparence, l’obligation de rendre des comptes et la concurrence.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 105
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059597
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales ; Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ensuring environmental compliance
    DDC: 363.7/0526
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Implementation ; Effektivität ; Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik
    Kurzfassung: Despite progress in recent years, there is growing evidence that OECD countries are not on track to reach some of their key environmental goals. This report examines the strategies and instruments that governments use to ensure compliance with pollution prevention and control regulations, particularly in the industrial sector. It compares the compliance assurance systems of six OECD countries – Finland, France, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States – as well as those of China and Russia. The report provides policy makers, environmental regulators, and other stakeholders with a comprehensive analysis of the design, management aspects, and the main elements of government compliance and enforcement programmes. Focusing on compliance promotion, compliance monitoring, and non-compliance response, it identifies and compares good practices, sets them in context of different countries’ regulatory cultures and highlights the key international trends.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 106
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039469
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Régions et croissance ; Une analyse des tendances
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als How regions grow
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: Regional differences within OECD countries are often greater than those between countries and much inequality remains. This report explores what generates growth at the regional level. Based on in-depth econometric modelling and analyses, this report reframes the debate on regional policy and development, emphasising that opportunities for growth exist in all regions.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 107
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044814
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (454 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Globalisation and emerging economies
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Wirtschaft ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Globalisierung ; Schwellenländer ; Brasilien ; Russland ; Indien ; Indonesien ; China ; Südafrika ; Trade ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; South Africa ; Schwellenländer ; Globalisierung ; Außenwirtschaft ; Schwellenländer ; Globalisierung ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Brasilien ; Russland ; Indien ; Indonesien ; China ; Südafrika ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Außenhandel ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: OECD countries still dominate the world economy, but their share of world trade dropped from 73% in 1992 to 64% in 2005, and some of the world’s most important economies are not members of the OECD. Foremost among these are the so-called BRIICS: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa. This book analyses key elements of the trade performance of the BRIICS in relation to the rest of the world, focusing on trade and other policies influencing that performance. Developments in global trade policy are reviewed, notably the impact of preferential trade agreements on the multilateral system and patterns of world trade are described using both indices that reveal networks of trading relations and more standard modeling results. As well as the global analysis, the book also presents a separate chapter for each of the BRIICS, examining the key development and trade issues in each of the six countries over the past few years.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 108
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060289 , 9789264107144
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Serie: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationaler Handel; Frei, fair und offen?
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Le commerce international influence directement le prix et la disponibilité de tout ce que nous achetons ou presque. Son rôle est également notable dans beaucoup d’autres domaines, notamment l’emploi, l’environnement et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Les essentiels de l'OCDE : Le commerce international soutient que la prospérité a rarement, voire jamais, été atteinte ou maintenue sans le concours du commerce. Néanmoins, à lui seul, il ne constitue pas une condition suffisante, et des politiques orientées vers l’emploi, l’éducation, la santé et bien d’autres domaines encore sont nécessaires pour favoriser le bien-être et s’attaquer aux défis d’une économie mondialisée.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 109
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264062689
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Better Aid
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gestion de l'aide ; Pratiques des pays membres du CAD
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Thioléron, Elisabeth Managing aid
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; OECD ; OECD Development Assistance Committee ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: Development co-operation donors are held accountable for the way they manage aid and the development results they achieve. They want to see more partner country ownership, greater use of partner country systems, and work better together. This involves decentralising responsibility, concentrating efforts, managing for results, creating new systems, changing staff profiles, and building capacity in donor and partner countries. This book outlines what individual donors are doing to fulfil their development co-operation ambitions and their part of the international agreements – reached in Paris in 2005 (Paris Declaration) and Accra in 2008 (Accra Agenda for Action) – to make aid more effective.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 110
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056169
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Better Aid
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer les ressources pour le développement ; L'utilisation des systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Managing development resources
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Development ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung
    Kurzfassung: Successful development depends in large part on the efficiency, integrity and effectiveness with which the state raises, manages and expends public resources. Improving the rules and institutions governing these activities should be a major component, therefore, of any development approach. Given that strengthening Public Financial Management (PFM) is at the heart of the Millennium Development Goals, and good governance more generally, the Paris Declaration (2005) seeks to promote joint efforts in this area between donors and partner countries. This report takes stock of progress in strengthening public financial management systems and provides recommendations on how best to facilitate achieving the 2010 targets set out in the Paris Declaration. It sets out the benefits of and rationale for using country systems, assesses progress in meeting the Paris Declaration targets, reviews the landscape of PFM reforms in partner countries, looks at drivers of successful PFM reforms, examines the factors that influence decisions to use country PFM systems, focusing on the perceived risks and their assessment and management, and describes the PEFA (Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability) assessment, which provides information on the quality of a country’s PFM system. This report shows that now, as perhaps never before, partner countries and donors must strive to build mutual trust and work together in a true partnership for results.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 111
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051386
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Serie: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La Educación Superior en Chile
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tertiary education in Chile
    Schlagwort(e): Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Chile ; Education ; Chile ; Chile ; Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung
    Kurzfassung: This joint OECD and World Bank review gives a brief overview of post-secondary education in Chile and describes its development over the past twenty years. It presents an analysis of the system and identifies key directions for policy reform in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students. It concludes with a set of key recommendations concerning the structure of the system and its labour market relevance; access and equity, governance and management; research, development and innovation; internationalisation; and financing.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 112
    ISBN: 9789264060579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Serie: Radioactive Waste Management
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Geological settings selected as potential host formations for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are chosen for, among other assets, their long-term stability and buffering capacity against destabilising events and processes. These proceedings present the outcomes of a geosphere stability workshop, held in November 2007, that focused on crystalline and other types of hard, fractured rocks. The workshop underscored the fact that many such rocks are intrinsically stable environments that evolve extremely slowly and provide good buffering against external events and processes. The proceedings show a good understanding of the processes and events that can affect crystalline rocks and, although there is less confidence in predicting exactly when and where such events will occur and the volume of rock that will be affected, the extent of the impacts on a geological repository can be confidently addressed using bounding approaches supported by geological information from similar sites around the world.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 113
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056886
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (323 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La bioéconomie à l'horizon 2030 ; Quel programme d'action ?
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The bioeconomy to 2030
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Biotechnologie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Politik ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Biowissenschaften ; Industriepolitik
    Kurzfassung: The biological sciences are adding value to a host of products and services, producing what some have labelled the “bioeconomy” and offering the potential to make major socio-economic contributions in OECD countries. Using quantitative analyses of data on development pipelines and R&D expenditures from private and public databases, this book estimates biotechnological developments to 2015. Moving to a broader institutional view, it also looks at the roles of R&D funding, human resources, intellectual property, and regulation in the bioeconomy, as well as at possible developments that could influence emerging business models to create scenarios to 2030. These scenarios are included to stimulate reflection on the interplay between policy choices and technological advances in shaping the bioeconomy. Finally, the book explores policy options to support the social, environmental and economic benefits of a bioeconomy.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 114
    ISBN: 9789264059443
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (354 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; China 2009; Defining the Boundary between the Market and the State
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: La Chine a énormément avancé dans la mise en place des fondements juridiques et réglementaires de l’économie de marché. Le secteur privé est désormais le principal moteur de la croissance et de nouvelles lois ont permis de progresser dans l’instauration de la propriété privée, de la concurrence et de mécanismes d’entrée et de sortie comparables à ceux de nombreux pays de l’OCDE. Pourtant, des défis majeurs demeurent, comme la nécessité de définir plus précisément le périmètre du secteur public, de réformer les rapports entre l’État central et les collectivités locales, de garantir un meilleur respect de la primauté du droit et de renforcer les institutions et procédures réglementaires. Cet examen porte sur le contexte économique général de la réforme de la réglementation et sur la capacité des autorités chinoises à gérer réforme réglementaire, élaboration et respect des politiques de la concurrence et ouverture du marché. Ce rapport examine également le cadre réglementaire des secteurs de l’électricité et de l’eau et de la santé. Conformément à la procédure appliquée aux pays de l’OCDE, l’examen s’appuie sur une démarche pluridisciplinaire et particulièrement interactive. L’examen de la Chine a été réalisé au moyen de divers instruments et politiques de l’OCDE, tout en prenant en compte les problématiques propres à l’économie chinoise. L’examen propose une liste exhaustive de recommandations pratiques.
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  • 115
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264054035
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (82 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; Peru 2008
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Peru
    Kurzfassung: En juillet 2008, le Pérou est devenu le 41ème pays à adhérer à la Déclaration de l'OCDE sur l'investissement international et les entreprises multinationales. Cet examen, entrepris dans le cadre du processus d’adhésion du Pérou à la Déclaration de l’OCDE avec la coopération des autorités péruviennes, montre que le pays a fait des progrès importants dans la mise en place d’un régime d’investissement ouvert et transparent comprenant un nombre limité de restrictions, ce qui a permis au Pérou de compter parmi les économies les plus ouvertes. Les initiatives récentes du gouvernement ont pour objectif de poursuivre la réduction des obstacles administratifs, de simplifier et rationaliser les incitations à l’investissement et de promouvoir le comportement responsable des entreprises.
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  • 116
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075696
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Implementing energy efficiency policies 2009
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Welt ; Energy ; Bericht ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Energiepolitik ; Effizienz
    Kurzfassung: This book presents 25 energy efficiency recommendations from the IEA which could, if implemented globally without delay, reduce global CO2 emissions by 8.2 gigatonnes per year by 2030 – equivalent to roughly two-times the amount of current EU CO2 emissions. This innovative book provides the first assessment of IEA member countries’ progress on implementing energy efficiency policy. Using a rigorous evaluation process, it finds that while these countries are implementing a full range of energy efficiency measures, their efforts fall short. Pressing energy, climate and financial challenges require even more energy efficiency policy action – particularly in the transport sector. To address this action gap, IEA member countries must urgently ramp up their energy efficiency policy efforts. The IEA and its member countries can play a critical role in promoting the Agency’s call for “Worldwide Implementation Now” (W.I.N.) of energy efficiency. What will it be? W.I.N or lose the opportunity?
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  • 117
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061958
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Serie: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth; France 2009
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als France
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Kurzfassung: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on France contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 118
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264074255
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Serie: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Serie: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Achieving Better Value for Money in Health Care
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: La hausse des dépenses publiques de santé reste un problème dans pratiquement tous les pays de l’OCDE et de l’Union européenne. C’est pourquoi l’attention se porte de plus en plus sur les mesures qui atténueront ces pressions en améliorant la performance des systèmes de santé. Ce rapport présente un ensemble de politiques pouvant aider les pays à améliorer l’efficience des systèmes de santé et ainsi à obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins. Un large éventail d’instruments d’action sont examinés en tirant parti de données et d’études de cas portant sur de nombreux pays. Les thèmes suivants sont traités : le rôle de la concurrence sur les marchés de la santé ; les possibilités d’amélioration de la coordination des soins ; une tarification plus adaptée des produits pharmaceutiques ; un contrôle plus poussé de la qualité s’appuyant sur une utilisation plus intensive des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour les soins ; un plus large partage des coûts.
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  • 119
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 120
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073982
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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  • 121
    ISBN: 9789264076860
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Baltic States ; Malta
    Kurzfassung: This book provides an internationally comparable set of indicators on the educational provision for students with disabilities, learning difficulties and disadvantages (SENDDD). It covers the number of students concerned, their learning environment (special schools, special classes and regular classes) and level of education (pre-primary, compulsory and upper secondary education). It also discusses policy implications vis-à-vis special education needs and offers an analysis of the participation and performance of students with special education needs in the 2006 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
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  • 122
    ISBN: 9789264073111
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (498 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'économie politique de la réforme ; Retraites, emplois et déréglementation dans dix pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tompson, William The political economy of reform
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Deregulierung
    Kurzfassung: This report examines why some policy reforms get implemented and others languish by examining 20 structural reform efforts in 10 OECD countries over the past two decades. The case studies cover a wide variety of reform attempts in three key areas: pensions, labour- and product-market regulation. Key factors in the political, economic and reform-specific arenas are identified as helping or hindering reform, and these findings are cross-checked using a relatively simple set of Spearman rank correlations. The report’s two-pronged analytical approach – quantitative and qualitative – results in unique insights for policy makers designing, adopting and implementing structural policy reforms.
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  • 123
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067974
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (281 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Fifty years after it was launched, the Marshall Plan remains a major event of post World War II history. But what did it actually do for European reconstruction? To commemorate the opening of its historical archives to the public and their deposit at the European University Institute (EUI), the OECD invited a group of EUI historians to analyse the role played by the Marshall Plan and the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the economic recovery of Europe. This book examines the major moments punctuating OEEC history from the original offer of Marshall Aid in 1947 to the decision to create the OECD in 1960. It offers a history of the European economic reconstruction and contributes to discussions on models of co-operation favouring economic development, trade liberalisation and world economic integration.
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  • 124
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060531
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Serie: OECD Insights
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Trade: Free, Fair and Open?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le commerce international : Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Der internationale Handel hat Auswirkungen auf den Preis und die Verfügbarkeit von fast allem, was wir kaufen. Zudem hat er Einfluss auf eine Vielzahl anderer Bereiche wie Beschäftigung, Umwelt und Armutsbekämpfung. Und er wird seinerseits von einer Fülle verschiedener Faktoren beeinflusst, von der natürlichen Ressourcenausstattung bis hin zu Modetrends. Die OECD ist eine führende Quelle für Daten, Analysen und Politikempfehlungen in Handelsfragen. Gestützt auf dieses umfassende Fachwissen wird in OECD Insights: Internationaler Handel deutlich gemacht, dass es ohne Handel – wenn überhaupt – nur selten gelungen ist, Wohlstand zu erreichen oder zu sichern. Handel allein ist jedoch nicht genug. Es bedarf darüber hinaus Maßnahmen in Bereichen wie Beschäftigung, Bildung oder Gesundheit, um das Wohlergehen der Menschen zu fördern und die Herausforderungen der globalisierten Wirtschaft zu bewältigen.
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  • 125
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.86
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  • 126
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.79
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer les migrations de travailleurs hautement qualifiés : Une analyse comparative des politiques migratoires et des enjeux des migrations dans les pays de l'OCDE
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  • 127
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.157
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of developments in broadband power line technologies and related policy issues. The electric power grid is a hostile environment for high-speed data transmission, but after years of development, the technology to deliver high-speed data over the existing electric power delivery network has emerged, somewhat tentatively, in the marketplace. This technology, referred to as Broadband over Power Lines (BPL), uses medium- and low-voltage power lines to provide broadband Internet access to residential users and businesses and is considered by some as a third access technology offering potential competition to xDSL telecommunication lines and cable modems. Recent trends, however, indicate that the focus of BPL technology is shifting from providing broadband connectivity to smart meter usage allowing households to reduce energy costs and allow energy companies to better manage their networks by developing a “smart grid”.
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  • 128
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076211
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 229 ; Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 229 : Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for fish reproduction where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). The short term reproduction assay was validated in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and this is the recommended species. The assay is run with three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. For the fathead minnow, four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). During the conduct of the assay, the egg production is measured quantitatively daily in each test vessel. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, two biomarker endpoints are measured in males and females separately, as indicators of endocrine activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Gonads of both sexes are also preserved and histopathology may be evaluated to assess the reproductive fitness of the test animals and to add to the weight of evidence of other endpoints.
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  • 129
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.741
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. How to Reform the Belgian Tax System to Enhance Economic Growth
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: Les éléments constitutifs du système fiscal belge influe sur le processus de croissance par des canaux différents et à des degrés divers. Les impôts sur la consommation sont parmi ceux qui faussent le moins la croissance et il est tout à fait possible, en Belgique, d’exploiter davantage cette source de recettes fiscales. La taxation différenciée des instruments d’épargne fausse les décisions d’investissement, entravant le redéploiement des capitaux vers leur emploi le plus productif. Cependant, les impôts qui occasionnent le plus de distorsions sont ceux qui frappent le revenu du travail, en raison de leur impact sur les décisions des travailleurs en matière d'emploi. Conscientes de cela, les autorités belges ont cherché à alléger la fiscalité du travail. Cette dernière demeure cependant lourde en comparaison des autres pays, en raison de nombreuses exonérations, qui réduisent les bases d’imposition et nécessitent donc, pour compenser, des taux d’impôt plus élevés. Afin d’améliorer les perspectives des différents groupes sur le marché du travail, on a eu recours largement à des subventions salariales et des réductions de cotisations de sécurité sociale, créant ainsi un système complexe, souvent mal ciblé et visant parfois des objectifs contradictoires. En fin de compte, l’interaction entre l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, les cotisations de sécurité sociale et le généreux système de prestations a créé une multitude de pièges du marché du travail qui brident l’emploi. Les nouvelles réformes fiscales sont limitées par les problèmes importants et grandissants de viabilité des finances publiques, ce qui signifie que, à moins de procéder à de fortes compressions de dépenses, ces réformes devront s’autofinancer. Pour ce faire, il faut déplacer la charge fiscale vers les sources qui créent le moins de distorsions et élargir les bases d’imposition afin de pouvoir appliquer des taux plus bas. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Belgique, 2009 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/belgique).
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  • 130
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073937
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Biotechnology Statistics – 2009 edition brings together the latest available economic and activity data on biotechnology and innovation, collected by OECD member and non-member countries. The report builds on the extensive work of the OECD and national experts to improve the comparability of biotechnology statistics. The results should provide a valuable source of information on biotechnology for policy makers, academics and business managers. The 2009 edition contains government survey data for 22 OECD countries and additional data for four non-member countries. The survey data provide results on the number of biotechnology firms, business expenditures on R&D, biotechnology employment, and sales of biotechnology goods and services.
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  • 131
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060364
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This review analyses the energy challenges facing Spain and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It finds that since the last IEA in-depth review in 2005, Spain has made significant progress in improving its energy policy. In Europe, the country is now leading in gas diversification and LNG development. Together with Portugal, it has set up the common Iberian electricity market, MIBEL, and has strong ambitions in developing it further. It has also become prominent in developing wind and solar energy technology, and succeeded in integrating large amounts of intermittent power in the electricity grid. Along with other IEA member countries, Spain has set ambitious climate and energy security targets. Achieving these will require a transition to a low-carbon economy. Spain will need to increase its efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in the transport but also the critical power sector. As fossil fuels still provide more than half of electricity,Spain will need to keep open all the options - including nuclear, renewables, and the technology of carbon capture and storage - for making its power sector less carbon-intensive. The country should also increase its efforts to limit peak electricity demand through energy efficiency. Spain has substantially de-regulated its electricity and gas tariffs, and developed a financial plan to end the large deficit that had built up under the previous tariff regime. Prices for many small electricity users, however, are still regulated and low enough to potentially distort the market. In addition, the still remaining subsidies for domestic coal production should be eliminated and replaced by direct social policy measures.
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  • 132
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060340
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (79 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Impact of Culture on Tourism
    Schlagwort(e): Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: L'Impact de la culture sur le tourisme examine la corrélation croissante entre le tourisme et la culture, et comment ils sont devenus ensemble de puissants vecteurs de l'attractivité et de la compétitivité des destinations. Sur la base d'études de cas illustrant différents aspects des relations entre le tourisme, la culture et l’attractivité régionale ainsi que les initiatives publiques qui peuvent être prises pour renforcer ces relations, cette publication démontre comment le lien entre tourisme et culture peut être renforcé afin d'accroître l’attractivité des destinations pour les touristes, mais aussi leur compétitivité comme lieux de visite, de résidence, de travail et d’investissement.
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  • 133
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
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  • 134
    ISBN: 9789264063600
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Serie: PISA
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; OECD ; PISA-Studie
    Kurzfassung: The OECD’s PISA 2006 assessment of the science competencies of 15-year-olds offers the first comprehensive and internationally comparative knowledge base of students’ knowledge about the environment and environment-related issues. Green at Fifteen? presents an analysis of this knowledge base, including information on the sources of students’ awareness of environmental science, their attitudes towards the environment and how these attitudes interrelate with their performance in environmental science.
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  • 135
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076242
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 ; Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is recommended for use in the Guideline. The assay uses three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. The assay starts with tadpoles at the development stage 51 on the Nieuwkoop and Faber scale and is extended for a duration of 21 days. Four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). After 7 days of exposure, a sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is sampled for the measurement of the length of the hind-limb. At termination of 21-day exposure period, developmental stage, snout-to-vent length and hind limb length are measured on all remaining tadpoles. A sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is fixed (whole-body or dissected) for histopathology of the thyroid gland.
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  • 136
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 55-140
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 86 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compendium des exemples pays et enseignements tirés de l'application de la Méthodologie d'évaluation des régimes nationaux de passation des marchés : Mise en commun des expériences
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 55-140
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Abstract: This paper presents the experiences and the lessons learned by 22 partner countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia related to the application of the Methodology for the Assessment of National Procurement Systems of the OECD/DAC Joint Venture on Procurement. The Methodology was developed and approved for field testing in 2006 as an input for implementing the Paris Declaration agenda and to assist in strengthening country procurement systems. It is the result of the joint efforts of multilateral and bilateral development partners and of partner countries from around the world. These experiences and lessons represent some early results achieved by a group of volunteer partner governments working in collaboration with national stakeholders from civil society, the private sector, the media, elected members of parliament and with their international development partners. The present document is limited to sharing experiences in using the Methodology. Country examples from the pilot exercises and from other applications are used as case studies. A mapping of various country experiences in using the Methodology is provided in Annex A. The present document seeks to provide useful background information drawn from various available sources.
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  • 137
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/05
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les bâtiments scolaires au cœur de la crise actuelle
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: To get a picture of the impact of the current economic and financial crisis on educational building programmes so far, the OECD Centre for Effective Learning Environments (CELE) has been conducting a survey of member countries and regions. The survey focuses on three main issues: the impact of the crisis on publicly funded projects, the impact on projects funded by private finance initiatives or through a public-private partnership, and the extent to which the crisis has affected the construction industry’s ability to build schools.
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  • 138
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039544
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores different measures of energy efficiency performance (“MEEP”) and considers the importance of so-called boundary definitions when measuring energy performance, and how these affect the appropriateness of country comparisons to guide policy decisions. The paper also addresses the limitations of both energy intensity and technology diffusion indicators as measures of energy efficiency performance. A case study on Japan’s iron and steel industry illustrates the critical role of proper boundary definitions for a meaningful assessment of energy efficiency in industry.
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  • 139
    ISBN: 9789264070400
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C ; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C : Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the modified MITI test (II). This test permits the measurement of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the analysis of residual chemicals in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability of chemical substances which have been found by the Standard MITI Method (I) to be low degradable. An automated closed-system oxygen consumption measuring apparatus (BOD-meter) is used. Chemicals to be tested are inoculated in the testing vessels (six bottles with different quantities of test chemical) with micro-organisms. In order to check the activity of the inoculum, the use of control substances (aniline, sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is desirable. During the test period, the BOD is measured continuously. Biodegradability is calculated on the basis of BOD and supplemental chemical analysis, such as measurement of the dissolved organic carbon concentration, concentration of residual chemicals, etc. The BOD curve is obtained continuously and automatically for 14 to 28 days. After the 14 to 28 days of testing, pH, residual chemicals and intermediates in the testing vessels are analysed.
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  • 140
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.736
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  • 141
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 59-75
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le déclassement d'Asse II : Un fardeau du passé en République fédérale d'Allemagne
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 59-75
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: Asse II, a salt mine in the salt formation of the Upper Permian near Wolfenbüttel, has been the subject of heated debates on environmental policy and law in the Federal Republic of Germany for some time. Until 1995, Asse II was used as a trial facility for the development of techniques for the final disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive waste. Potash and salt rock were produced in this facility from 1909 and 1964 and, after termination
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  • 142
    ISBN: 9789282102343
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport; Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: La sûreté est un élément fondamental des systèmes de transport : ces derniers sont souvent pris pour cible dans les attaques terroristes. Les coûts significatifs des dommages potentiels font des politiques de sûreté une préoccupation majeure pour les autorités responsables des transports. Cette Table Ronde examine le rôle que peut jouer l’analyse économique pour renforcer la sécurité des transports aérien et maritime en quantifiant les avantages associés et en appréciant leur efficacité et la valeur des techniques qui visent à orienter les ressources vers l’atténuation des risques les plus importants.
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  • 143
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.84
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  • 144
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.717
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: The UK financial market has been severely affected by the recent financial crisis. The crisis has exposed weaknesses in the supervisory framework as well as that for crisis management and resolution. This paper reviews the supervisory and regulatory framework and the many reforms that have already been adopted to remedy these weaknesses. It also provides recommendations for further reforms. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/uk).
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  • 145
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 151 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.75
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  • 146
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.46
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  • 147
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264043404
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: This comprehensive review analyses the energy challenges facing the Netherlands in 2008 and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It urges the government to provide policy continuity – such as in promotion regimes for renewable energy – to underpin a sustainable investment climate. It also highlights the need for closer co-ordination among national, regional and local authorities.
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  • 148
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/29
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  • 149
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.33
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  • 150
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers no.2009/01
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2009/01
    Schlagwort(e): Industry and Services ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: This report has been prepared as part of the Improving Social Inclusion at the Local Level through the Social Economy (CFE/LEED (2008) 9/REV1) project in the framework of the Forum on Social Innovations. A team of OECD experts visited Poland in June 2009 for a five-day study visit, to examine the role, both real and potential, of the social economy, and the support which could be given to the social economy to allow it to fulfil its potential. Meetings were held with representatives from the voivodeships of Malopolskie, Mazowieckie and Swietokrzyskie. This report is based significantly on the available statistics and on material gathered from the study visit, as well as research conducted both prior to, and after, the study visit.
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  • 151
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.661
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Norway
    Kurzfassung: Traditionally, the Norwegian compulsory education system has focused strongly on the linked goals of equal opportunities to learn, comprehensive and inclusive education. While some of these objectives have been met successfully, a number of educational outcomes, notably measures of pupil performance at the end of compulsory schooling, are unsatisfactory. Given the significant resources devoted to education, Norway’s modest performance on certain measures suggests that resources are used inefficiently. There are many possible routes to improve efficiency. This paper focuses on teaching quality, school autonomy, accountability and the level and composition of spending. Consistent policy actions should be taken in these areas, taking into account the multi–level structure of governance of the Norwegian education system.
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  • 152
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.88
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comment mieux exploiter l'ITIE ?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI, www.eitransparency.org) aims to improve transparency and accountability by the full publication and verification of company payments and government revenues. The revenues flowing from natural resources extraction are huge. EITI is one of the international soft-law tools most supported by the international community to curb corruption and help the 3.5 billion people – half the population of the planet – living in resource-rich countries to benefit from the sale of their natural resources. Almost six years after the initiative was launched, the results are elusive for several countries. Figure 1 below shows that governments’ public endorsement of the EITI principles does not, on average, improve the perception of corruption levels in their countries. Moreover, according to the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, corruption control in EITI countries is worse than in non-EITI resource-rich countries. EITI countries’ scores deteriorated between 2002 and 2007. While these corruption indices are not limited to extractive industries, given their importance in the countries concerned, one would expectmore visible improvements in these indicators.
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  • 153
    ISBN: 9789264060555
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Managing Water for All; An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing - Key Messages for Policy Makers
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing - Key Messages for Policy Makers
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Pour soutenir le développement humain et économique et préserver les écosystèmes, une gestion plus efficace des ressources en eau s’impose. Alors que l’utilisation de l’eau est source de pressions grandissantes et l’enjeu d’une concurrence de plus en plus vive, voire de véritables conflits dans certaines régions, cette nécessité est plus impérieuse que jamais. Des milliards de personnes sont aujourd’hui privées d’accès à des services d’approvisionnement en eau et d’assainissement pour cause de mauvaise gouvernance et d’investissements inadéquats...
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  • 154
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.163
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The ICT industry had a tough start to 2009, with almost all first quarter indicators declining, often very sharply. There are signs of recovery, with the rate of decline bottoming out and turning up in the most recent cyclical data (May/June 2009), with positive month-on-month growth for most countries, and inventories running down sharply. Performance in the first quarter of 2009 tested 2001-2002 declines in most ICT sectors, but relative year-on-year declines were not a great deal worse than in 2001-2002 and some sectors have performed better than in the earlier period. The ICT industry is also performing considerably better in this crisis than industries such as automobiles...
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  • 155
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.25
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This report seeks to address critical issues such as these by synthesising the evidence on innovations in more market-driven education systems. The analysis draws on data from over 20 OECD and non-OECD countries, including both developed nations that seek to move beyond established systems of state-run schools, and developing nations where formal and de facto policies promote more free-market approaches to educational expansion. In doing this, the report focuses on the primary and secondary levels, where education is usually compulsory. The more universal nature of educational access at those levels provides a different set of conditions and incentives compared to the post-compulsory tertiary level. And the report pays special attention to the charter school experiment in North America, where reformers explicitly tried to create more competitive conditions in order to encourage the development of innovations in the education sector. Policy approaches such as this that use decentralisation, deregulation, greater levels of autonomy, competition and choice may have singular potential to induce innovations in the education sector, both in how education is organised and the school content that is delivered — critical concerns if the education sector is to be more effective and reach under-served populations.
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  • 156
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.87
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Effets de certains accords commerciaux régionaux sur les échanges agricoles
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  • 157
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 153-154
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Bilateral Agreements
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 153-154
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
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  • 158
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264048096
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: The PISA 2006 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2006 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses. The reader will find a wealth of information on the test and sample design, methodologies used to analyse the data, technical features of the project and quality control mechanisms.
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  • 159
    ISBN: 9789282102329
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international ; Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks. The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make to improving security in aviation and maritime shipping by identifying methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their effectiveness, and examining techniques to allocate resources targeting the highest risks.
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  • 160
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Kurzfassung: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
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  • 161
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Kurzfassung: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
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  • 162
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.739
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Japan’s health-care system has provided universal access to care and contributed to the outstanding health status of the Japanese. Public spending has been kept below the OECD average through high co-payment rates and reductions in medical fees. However, with continued upward pressure on expenditure, in part due to rapid population ageing, reforms are needed to limit spending increases through greater efficiency, while improving quality. It is essential to shift long-term care out of hospitals, reform the pricing mechanism away from pay-for-visit, increase the use of generic drugs, encourage healthy ageing and promote restructuring in the hospital sector. Quality should be improved by increasing the availability of effective new drugs and medical devices. In funding spending increases, it is important to limit the share borne by employees to avoid negative effects on the labour market. Japan may need to allow more mixed billing to enhance access to some advanced medical treatments.
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  • 163
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Papers no.44
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Before joining the EU in May 2004, Central and Eastern European countries were required to professionalise their civil services. Most were perceived as having made improvements sufficient to be granted EU membership status. But what happened next? Five years after accession, this paper answers the question.
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  • 164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/12
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  • 165
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.693
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: There are local air pollution benefits from pursuing greenhouse gases emissions mitigation policies, which lower the net costs of emission reductions and thereby may strengthen the incentives to participate in a global climate change mitigation agreement. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which local air pollution co-benefits can lower the cost of climate change mitigation policies in OECD and non-OECD countries and can offer economic incentives for developing countries to participate in a post- 2012 global agreement. The paper sets out an analytical framework to answer these questions. After a literature review on the estimates of the co-benefits, new estimates, which are obtained within a general equilibrium, dynamic, multi-regional framework, are presented. The main conclusion is that the co-benefits from climate change mitigation in terms of reduced outdoor local air pollution might cover a significant part of the cost of action. Nonetheless, they alone may not provide sufficient participation incentives to large developing countries. This is partly because direct local air pollution control policies appear to be typically cheaper than indirect action via greenhouse gases emissions mitigation.
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  • 166
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.96
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  • 167
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-42
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-42
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The present financial crisis may be added to a growing list of episodes worldwide in which financial sector problems have become systemic in nature. Many OECD countries have been affected, either directly or through the transmission of problems cross-border. Most financial crises share a number of common elements.For instance, financial innovation has often played a role in distress episodes, in many cases, having much to do with their idiosyncratic aspects. For example, structured credit products and the latest incarnation of the originate-and-distribute model of intermediation have been at the epicentre of the current crisis. It differs from other crisis episodes in having a sub-component of the residential mortgage sector as its trigger, while previous crises have more often been prompted by problems in the commercial mortgage market and with corporate clients.
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  • 168
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.94
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  • 169
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.669
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United States
    Kurzfassung: The global financial crisis that emerged in mid 2007 has caused considerable economic disruptions in the United States and elsewhere, and exposed major flaws in the global financial system. After examining the origins of the crisis, this paper recommends specific policy responses to resolve the immediate problems and discusses how to make the US financial system more resilient and stable in the future.
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  • 170
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.17
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a survey of recent developments in the reporting of intangible assets. It finds that rather than the wholesale restructuring of the accounting model that was proposed years ago, the trend has been to address gaps in reporting with new forms of reporting. New forms of reporting appear better suited to capture the type of information that users of intangibles data seek. Financial reporting standards continue to change both at the national and the international level with the result that they are better able to capture some types of intangibles data. Even so, some areas such as human capital remain difficult to reflect in traditional financial statements. Users interested in human capital information are much better served by reports that are tailored to their needs, and by reporting techniques that take into account the specificities of human capital. On the policy front, companies are receiving considerable encouragement to provide more information on the intangible drivers of corporate performance than ever before. In Europe, part of the impetus has been the Accounts Modernisation Directive, which requires an “enhanced director’s report” that can include a discussion of human capital to the extent that directors feel that it is important for a full understanding of the business and its performance.
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  • 171
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.20
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Incidences sur les échanges et les politiques commerciales des différentes réponses apportées par les pouvoirs publics aux préoccupations de la société
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  • 172
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.687
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between the volatility of government consumption and country size. Using a sample of 160 countries from 1960 to 2000 the main findings of our empirical analysis suggest that: 1) smaller countries have more volatile non-discretionary and discretionary government consumption, and also a more volatile government size; 2) the relation between government spending volatility and the size of a country is more negative for more volatile economies; 3) the relation between government consumption volatility and country size is more negative for functions of government spending that are characterized by a high level on non-rivality. The results are robust to different time and country samples, different econometric techniques and to several sets of control variables.
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  • 173
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 31-63
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. National Implementation and Enforcement of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaties
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 31-63
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Le fait pour un État d’établir une zone exempte d’armes nucléaires (ZEAN) est un droit souverain protégé par l’Article 1 de la Charte des Nations Unies et l’Article VII du Traité sur la non prolifération des armes nucléaires (TNP). Cela représente un pas vers le désarmement nucléaire en réduisant les zones sur terre et dans l’espace où de telles armes peuvent être librement fabriquées, déplacées, testées, stationnées et utilisées. Il s’agit d’une mesure de sécurité nationale pour les États souhaitant écarter leur territoire et leur population de toute course à l’armement nucléaire, de ses implications et de ses conséquences sur le développement, la santé et les relations internationales. Lorsque le Traité sur la zone exempte d’armes nucléaires en Afrique (Traité de Pelindaba) entrera en vigueur (probablement cette année), plus de la moitié de la surface de la terre et 119 pays seront protégés par de telles zones.
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  • 174
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.691
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Climate change is expected to have significant implications for the world economy and, more broadly, for many areas of human activity. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, it is to summarise current estimates of the impacts of climate change and to explain how these estimates are built in order to identify the main sources of uncertainty and approximation affecting them. Second, the paper discusses how this uncertainty should influence policymaker?s decisions. A main conclusion of the review is that there are large uncertainties, which are not fully reflected in existing estimates of global impacts of climate change in monetary units. Nonetheless, despite these uncertainties, policy action may be justified, provided that policies are cost-effective, even if the marginal cost of GHG emissions mitigation exceeds the marginal damage of one additional ton of carbon. This is because two features of the impacts of climate change tilt the balance in favour of action: their irreversibility, and the risk that they are extreme.
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  • 175
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264049079
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of the Czech Republic's tertiary education system, including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development with a view to helping understand how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help achieve economic and social goals.
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  • 176
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 82 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.45
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  • 177
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/26
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  • 178
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.714
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper surveys research that has undertaken empirical analysis of aggregate data. The focus of the survey is the identification of the factors that determine the rate of growth.
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  • 179
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.737
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Erdölpreis ; Geschichte 2009
    Kurzfassung: Crude oil prices have trended up since the end of the 1990s, peaking at a historic high in mid-2008 that was followed by a steep price correction with a subsequent rebound. This paper considers major forces behind the evolution of the oil price, using a simple model of supply and demand elasticities as a benchmark, highlights implications for inflation and economic activity and draws some conclusions for macroeconomic policy. The analysis suggests that the run-up in crude oil prices since 2003 was due to both vigorous oil demand growth by emerging markets and, from the middle of the decade onward, a weaker than expected oil supply response to rising prices. Prices are unlikely to fall back to levels seen in the first years of the decade either over the short or medium term.
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  • 180
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 197-208
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 12 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 197-208
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Government debt issuance procedures and policies differ across OECD jurisdictions, in particular in terms of technical standards for selling techniques, primary dealer systems and other primary market arrangements. However, the increased integration of global financial markets (including the jump in the integration of European government debt markets since the introduction of the Euro) has been an important catalyst in the standardisation of the structure and types of instruments as well as the convergence of general procedures and policies for the issuance government debt. In many countries, the ongoing credit and economic crises have prompted a review of existing issuance procedures and policies. This article provide (a) a survey of the general characteristics of government debt issuance procedures and related primary dealer (PD) arrangements in the OECD area; and (b) an evaluation of the challenges and changes generated by the impact of the turmoil in global financial markets on issuance procedures and policies.
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  • 181
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 113 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness calls upon donor and partner countries to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of country systems in a way that guarantees ownership and sustainable results. Within this context, the current paper provides a synthesis of major elements and approaches of institutional assessment that may be applied to environmental management. It suggests that while a large number of diagnostic tools are in use, their level of elaboration is not sufficient for systemic sector-specific capacity assessments that would match partners’ and donors’ needs. In order to facilitate the improvement of these tools, the paper provides an inventory of core functions for environmental management. This inventory may be used by those involved in capacity assessments to consider more amply specifics of the environmental sector. Each function will need to be associated with benchmarks reflecting the multifaceted nature of institutional capacity. The evolving approaches to environmental management, as well as changes in the international and country context, impose the need to regularly update both the list of functions and complementary benchmarks.
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  • 182
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.666
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: Impressive progress has been made in raising participation in early childhood education as well as tertiary educational attainment over the past 30 years. However, the inflow of poorly educated youth into the labour market is unusually heavy for a high-income country, largely on account of high drop-out rates in lower secondary education which, in turn, reflect one of the highest grade repetition rates in the OECD. The supply of workers with intermediate vocational skills is surprisingly low, despite the high return, in terms of labour market outcomes that these skills offer, even if they have recently deteriorated. There is room to raise learning outcomes up to the end of compulsory school, as measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), although, owing to a compressed distribution of such outcomes, the share of poorly performing pupils is not unusually large. While significant reforms have been undertaken to address these problems, more measures are needed to reduce grade repetition and raise education outcomes, by improving accountability of schools and school staff, as well as by raising school autonomy further than has already occurred. Vocational training needs to become more attractive. In tertiary education, few Spanish universities have attained a high level of international standing, and scope remains to improve the contribution tertiary attainment can make to gains in economic welfare, notably by reforming funding arrangements.
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  • 183
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/28
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  • 184
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-21
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-21
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This article treats some ideas and issues that are part of ongoing reflection at the OECD. They were first raised in a major research article for the Reserve Bank of Australia conference in July 2008, and benefited from policy discussion in and around that conference. One fundamental cause of the crisis was a change in the business model of banking, mixing credit with equity culture. When this model was combined with complex interactions from incentives emanating from macro policies, changes in regulations, taxation, and corporate governance, the current crisis became the inevitable result. The paper points to the need for far-reaching reform for a more sustainable situation in the future.
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  • 185
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/04
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Procédures de planification de l'équipement à San Diego
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Capital planning for schools should include both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. And while building condition remains an important and necessary factor in short- and long-range facility planning, by itself it is not sufficient to reveal the full range of building performance issues or to guide decision making and strategies for prudent capital investments. Functionality – sometimes referred to as “serviceability” or “fitness of purpose” – has to do with how school buildings and sites support users’ activities. Its reference points are the owner’s operating requirements that represent the purposes and objectives for which the facility was originally designed and built, plus the many new functional requirements that have inevitably arisen over time (driven by such factors as enrolment growth or decline, grade reconfiguration, trends in curriculum, technology or educational philosophy, and community uses). In terms of functionality, a school can have positive attributes – it can be safe and secure, healthy and comfortable, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, even uplifting and inspirational – or negative ones – it can be overcrowded or underutilised, dilapidated or obsolete, inefficient and expensive, or even dangerous. There is a welcome and growing body of literature on links between the functional quality of educational buildings and the academic performance of the students who occupy them. This research is also consistent with new attention to the environmental aspects of schools, which are significant in terms of embodied pedagogy, the health and comfort of educators and learners, and, indeed, the long-term prospects for life on the planet.
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  • 186
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-11
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 11 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-11
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Legislatures require reliable, unbiased information to be able to participate constructively in formulating the budget. This article explores the value of an independent budget capacity located in the legislature for expanding parliament’s role in budgeting and for holding the executive accountable.
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  • 187
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.35
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are to meet the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This builds on the numeracy framework developed for the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL). Numeracy is broadly defined and complemented with a definition of ‘numerate behaviour’. Four facets of numerate behaviour are identified and described to guide the development of assessment tasks.
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  • 188
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.727
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Compulsory school education in Italy produces poor results in terms of 15-year olds’ performance on PISA tests, compared with other OECD countries, despite a relatively high level of expenditure. While the influence of social background is smaller than in many OECD countries, it is largely transmitted through a kind of self-segregation resulting from family choices among the different types of upper secondary school. Large differences in pupils’ performance between regions cannot be explained by the quantity of resources available; separating the influence of socio-economic conditions from school efficiency is difficult and must be treated carefully in plans for extending fiscal federalism. The Italian government is rightly concerned to get better value for money and this chapter argues that policies to improve the information available to schools and teachers on the results they are achieving, while giving them appropriate incentives, responsibility and power to respond to such information, are necessary accompaniments to expenditure-saving policies. An improved focus on good quality training, both for new recruits and experienced teachers, and recruitment procedures themselves, should also pay dividends on efficiency.
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  • 189
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.680
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: As in other catch-up countries inflation is likely to stay high going forward due to nominal convergence. To better cope with the risk of a too rapid pick up of wages during the convergence process on the one hand and to raise the adjustment potential of the economy to macroeconomic shocks on the other, labour and product market flexibility is essential. Three main areas for improvement are discussed in this chapter. First, wage flexibility should be safeguarded by avoiding significant increases in minimum wages and by abolishing legal extension of collective wage settlements. Second, competition needs to be strengthened, especially in the liberal professions where entry and conduct regulation should be eased. In addition, the points of single contact that already exist for small enterprises should be extended to entrepreneurs of the liberal professions. Third, a wider use of information and communication technology (ICT) could lead to important productivity gains. Removing obstacles to the spread of e-business and a swift implementation of e-government are imperative. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic.
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  • 190
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.85
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  • 191
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.671
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Korea has one of the lowest tax burdens in the OECD area, reflecting its small public sector. However, rapid population ageing will put upward pressure on government spending. The challenge is to meet the long-run need for greater expenditures and tax revenue while sustaining strong economic growth. A pro-growth tax reform implies relying primarily on consumption taxes for additional revenue. There is also scope for raising personal income tax revenue from its current low level by broadening the base by reducing the exemptions for personal income. The planned cuts in the corporate tax rate should be financed at least in part by reductions in tax expenditures. The broadening of direct tax bases would also help finance an expansion of the earned income tax credit to address widening income inequality. In addition, the local tax system should be simplified and reformed to enhance the autonomy of local governments.
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  • 192
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.34
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC).
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  • 193
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.31
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  • 194
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.7
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Medium-term approaches to budgeting are now common in OECD countries and are being adopted increasingly by developing countries. This reflects a realisation that the annual approach to budget making actually undermines budgetary performance, contributing to fiscal instability and, perhaps even more fundamentally, to resource misallocation and the inefficient and ineffective use of resources. The purpose of this study has been to analyse how multi-year budgetary processes work in practice in both high income OECD countries and in aid-receiving countries, with a view to identifying the opportunities for, and limits to, financing environmental management. It also provides suggestions to the donor community on how to make better use of multi-year budgeting when providing general support to the budgets of developing countries in order to ensure that environment is included in this process. In this context, the report may be of interest to various audiences. On the one hand, representatives of the ministries of environment and other relevant government agencies with responsibilities for environmental and natural resource management who struggle to prepare medium-term budgets may find this analysis useful. On the other hand, the report is targeted at experts from the ministries of finance and economy who are charged with assessing environmental programmes and taking decisions for their financing. The third target group are those donors who even if they are moving to direct budget support, may still be concerned that the environment sector is adequately funded.
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  • 195
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 199-202
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 4 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 199-202
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Agence Internationale De L’Énergie Atomique Orientations pour l’importation et l’exportation de sources radioactives, complémentaires au Code de conduite sur la sûreté et la sécurité des sources radioactives (2008)52e Conférence générale de l’AIEA (2008)
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  • 196
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.93
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  • 197
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This article discusses Indonesia’s economic and fiscal performance following the 1997/98 financial crisis and the transition to democracy, as well as the budget formulation process and the role of Parliament. Aspects of budget implementation are discussed throughout the article. Jón R. Blöndal, Ian Hawkesworth and Hyun-Deok Choi
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  • 198
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 183-213
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 183-213
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on Swiss GDP revisions and the uncertainty they generate from the point of view of monetary policy. After a description of the revisions features, we use GDP vintages to compute real-time output gaps using a production function approach. Then, with a nominal feedback rule, we assess the impact of GDP – and hence output gap – on revisions monetary policy. The main results are threefold. First, Swiss GDP revisions – similarly to those of other small economies – are large, and estimates converge slowly to their final value. Second, GDP mismeasurements clearly exacerbate the difficulty in estimating output gaps. Third, the impact of revisions on monetary policy varies over time. Via its effect on output gaps, ceteris paribus, the inaccuracy of GDP estimates risks introducing a procyclical bias in monetary policy decisions.
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  • 199
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.160
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This primer aims to provide policy makers a broad-brush understanding of the various dimensions of digital identity management (IdM). Consistent with the Seoul Ministerial Declaration, it also aims to support efforts to address public policy issues for securely managing and protecting digital identities, with a view to strengthening confidence in the online activities crucial to the growth of the Internet Economy.
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  • 200
    ISBN: 9789264060906
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (445 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation; 15 Mexican States 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Aunque México ha presentado estabilidad macroeconómica en años recientes, el país aún padece de un estancamiento en el crecimiento de su productividad. En un contexto mundial, la competitividad de México a largo plazo necesitará mayor acción tanto en el sector público como en el privado para estimular la innovación y el crecimiento económico en todas las regiones del territorio nacional. En este informe se revisan tanto las políticas nacionales como estatales de México y la manera en que pueden fomentar mejor los sistemas de innovación regional; incluye una semblanza de 15 estados.
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