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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (14,052)
  • Leningrad : Nauka
  • Moskva : Nauka
Material
  • 1
    ISSN: 0131-2227 , 0026-5829
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1957 - [58.]2014; 59.2015 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Ėkonomičeskoe položenie kapitalističeskich stran
    Additional Information: Beil. Ėkonomičeskoe položenie kapitalističeskich i razvivajuščichsja stran
    Additional Information: Beil. Ob imperialističeskoj "integracii" v Zapadnoj Evrope
    Additional Information: Beil. Ljudi i politika
    Additional Information: Beil. Tendencii mirovogo ėkonomičeskogo razvitija
    Additional Information: Spec. pril. Meždunarodnaja bezopasnost' i razoruženie
    Additional Information: Ab [33.]1989 darin Tekuščie problemy mirovoj politiki
    Parallel Title: Ab [44.]2000 Online-Ausg. Mirovaja ėkonomika i meždunarodnye otnošenija
    Former Title: MĖIMO
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Außenpolitik ; Russland ; Welt ; Zeitschrift ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
    Note: früher ohne Paralletitel. , Urh. bis [35.]1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Mirovoj Ėkonomiki i Meždunarodnych Otnošenij. , Vol.-Zählung 59.2015 ab 2015,11 , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 2
    Language: Russian
    RVK:
    Keywords: Reisebericht 1870-1887 ; Pazifischer Raum ; Pazifischer Raum ; Ethnologie
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ
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  • 3
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: Pazifischer Ozean Nord ; Expedition
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1.1972 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972 -
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde ; Volksliteratur ; Russisch ; Volkskunde ; Russland ; Volkskultur
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Leningrad : Nauka | S.-Peterburg : Bulanin ; [1.]1978; 3.1990; 4/5.1998 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1978; 3.1990; 4/5.1998 -
    Subsequent Title: 1981 Iz istorii russkoj sovetskoj fol'kloristiki
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: In kyrill. Schr. , Beteil. Körp. bis 3.1990: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Russkoj Literatury
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka | Moskva : Inst. ; N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    Former Title: Vorg.: Novoe v ėtnografii
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija // Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Im. N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    Subsequent Title: 2000 Rossijskaja akademija nauk / Institut ėtnologii i antropologii Itogi polevych issledovanij / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Imeni N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja
    Keywords: Nachfolgestaaten ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: 1994 - 1999 nicht ersch. , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Leningrad : Nauka | S.-Peterburg : Bulanin ; [1.]1978; 3.1990; 4/5.1998 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1978; 3.1990; 4/5.1998 -
    Additional Information: 1981 Iz istorii russkoj sovetskoj fol'kloristiki Leningrad : Nauka, 1978
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. bis 3.1990: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Russkoj Literatury , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Leningrad : Nauka | S.-Peterburg : Bulanin ; [1.]1978; 3.1990; 4/5.1998 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1978; 3.1990; 4/5.1998 -
    Additional Information: 1981 Iz istorii russkoj sovetskoj fol'kloristiki Leningrad : Nauka, 1978
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. bis 3.1990: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Russkoj Literatury , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 10
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1974/76(1977) -
    Former Title: Vorg.: Institut ėtnografii imeni N.N. Miklucho-Maklaja / Leningradskoe otdelenie Kratkoe soderžanie dokladov godičnoj sessii Instituta Ėtnografii AN SSSR
    Former Title: Godičnaja naučnaja sessija Instituta Ėtnografii Akademii Nauk SSSR
    Former Title: Kratkoe soderžanie dokladov
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1992,2 -
    ISSN: 0869-544X
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1992,2 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavjanovedenie
    Former Title: Vorg.: Sovetskoe slavjanovedenie
    DDC: 890
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Ersch. alle 2 Monate , In kyrill. Schr.; Text. russ. , Urh. bis 1998: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Slavjanovedenija i Balkanistiki
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde ; Russland ; Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: In kyrill. Schr. , Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 13
  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 20.1995 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 20.1995 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Materialy k biobibliografii učenych SSSR / Serija istorii
    Former Title: Serija istorii
    Former Title: Istoričeskie nauki
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.; Text russ.
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  • 15
    Language: Russian
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 16
    Language: Russian
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Russisch ; Zeitschrift ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskunde ; Russland ; Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka | Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Russland ; Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Übers.: Russische Volkskunde , In kyrill. Schr. , Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1987 -
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 20
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Folkloristik
    Note: Vyp. 4/5 im Verl. Bulanin, S.-Peterburg, ab Vyp. 10 im Verlag "Svoe Izdatelʹstvo", Sankt-Peterburg erschienen , In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 21
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Folkloristik
    Note: Vyp. 4/5 im Verl. Bulanin, S.-Peterburg, ab Vyp. 10 im Verlag "Svoe Izdatelʹstvo", Sankt-Peterburg erschienen , In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0131-8780
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1942 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Srednie veka
    Former Title: sbornik
    DDC: 940
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Istorii; früher: ..., Institut Vseobščej Istorii , Ersch. 2x jährl., anfangs jährl., teils vierteljährl. , In kyrill. Schr., Text russ. , Index 51/60.1988/97 in: 60.1997; Index 61/70.2000/09 in: 70.2009,4; Index 71/80.2010/19 in: 81.2020,1
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1992,2 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0869-544X
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1992,2 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavjanovedenie
    Former Title: Vorg. Sovetskoe slavjanovedenie
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Übers.: Slawistik , Ersch. alle 2 Monate , In kyrill. Schr.; Text. russ. , Urh. bis 1998: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Slavjanovedenija i Balkanistiki
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  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka | Moskva : Inst. ; N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    Former Title: Vorg.: Novoe v ėtnografii
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija // Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Im. N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    Subsequent Title: 2000 Rossijskaja akademija nauk / Institut ėtnologii i antropologii Itogi polevych issledovanij / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Imeni N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja
    Keywords: Nachfolgestaaten ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: 1994 - 1999 nicht ersch. , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 25
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1974/76(1977) -
    Former Title: Vorg. Institut ėtnografii imeni N.N. Miklucho-Maklaja. Leningradskoe otdelenie Kratkoe soderžanie dokladov godičnoj sessii Instituta Ėtnografii AN SSSR
    Former Title: Godičnaja naučnaja sessija Instituta Ėtnografii Akademii Nauk SSSR
    Former Title: Kratkoe soderžanie dokladov
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 26
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1.1987 -
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sowjetische ethnographische Forschungen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Soviet ethnographic studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 27
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1987 -
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 28
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1.1972 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972 -
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 29
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1974/76(1977) -
    Former Title: Vorg. Institut ėtnografii imeni N.N. Miklucho-Maklaja. Leningradskoe otdelenie Kratkoe soderžanie dokladov godičnoj sessii Instituta Ėtnografii AN SSSR
    Former Title: Godičnaja naučnaja sessija Instituta Ėtnografii Akademii Nauk SSSR
    Former Title: Kratkoe soderžanie dokladov
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 30
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1.1972 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972 -
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 31
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1.1987 -
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sowjetische ethnographische Forschungen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Soviet ethnographic studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 32
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka | Moskva : Akad. | Moskva : Progress ; 1.1937 - 118.1990; [N.S.] 1=119.1995 -
    ISSN: 0130-6685
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1937 - 118.1990; [N.S.] 1=119.1995 -
    Former Title: teoretičeskie i metodologičeskie problemy istoričeskich issledovanij
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Sozialgeschichte ; RGW-Staaten ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Russland ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Istorii; teils: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Otdelenie Istorii , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/100.1937/77 in: 100.1977
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  • 33
    Book
    Book
    Moskva : Nauka
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ
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  • 34
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1992,2 -
    ISSN: 0869-544X
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1992,2 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavjanovedenie
    Former Title: Vorg. Sovetskoe slavjanovedenie
    DDC: 417.7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Urh. bis 1998: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Slavjanovedenija i Balkanistiki , Ersch. alle 2 Monate , In kyrill. Schr.; Text. russ.
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  • 35
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1992,2 -
    ISSN: 0869-544X
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1992,2 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavjanovedenie
    Former Title: Vorg. Sovetskoe slavjanovedenie
    DDC: 417.7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Urh. bis 1998: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Slavjanovedenija i Balkanistiki , Ersch. alle 2 Monate , In kyrill. Schr.; Text. russ.
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  • 36
    Language: Undetermined
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Atlas ; Russen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Russland ; Volkskultur ; Russland ; Tracht ; Geschichte ; Russland ; Geschichte
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  • 37
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: Pazifischer Ozean Nord ; Expedition
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 38
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0131-2227 , 0026-5829 , 2782-4330 , 2782-4330
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1957 - [58.]2014; 59.2015 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Ėkonomičeskoe položenie kapitalističeskich stran
    Additional Information: Beil. Ėkonomičeskoe položenie kapitalističeskich i razvivajuščichsja stran
    Additional Information: Beil. Ob imperialističeskoj "integracii" v Zapadnoj Evrope
    Additional Information: Beil. Ljudi i politika
    Additional Information: Beil. Tendencii mirovogo ėkonomičeskogo razvitija
    Additional Information: Spec. pril. Meždunarodnaja bezopasnost' i razoruženie
    Additional Information: Ab [33.]1989 darin Tekuščie problemy mirovoj politiki
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mirovaja ėkonomika i meždunarodnye otnošenija
    Former Title: MĖIMO
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Außenpolitik ; Russland ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
    Note: 2019 fortgesetzt als Online-Ressource , früher ohne Paralletitel , Beteil. Körp. bis [35.]1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Mirovoj Ėkonomiki i Meždunarodnych Otnošenij , Vol.-Zählung 59.2015 ab 2015,11 , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 40
    Language: Russian
    DDC: 200.9
    Keywords: Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche ; Exil ; Geschichte 1919-1950 ; Russen ; Exil ; Geschichte 1919-1950 ; Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche ; Russen ; Exil ; Geschichte 1919-1950
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ , In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 41
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka | Moskva : Inst. ; N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Additional Information: 2000 Rossijskaja akademija nauk. Institut ėtnologii i antropologii Itogi polevych issledovanij Moskva : Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Imeni N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    Former Title: Vorg. Novoe v ėtnografii
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija // Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Im. N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Russland ; Kulturanthropologie ; Feldforschung
    Note: 1994 - 1999 nicht ersch. , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 42
    Language: Russian
    DDC: 200.9
    Keywords: Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche ; Exil ; Geschichte 1919-1950 ; Russen ; Exil ; Geschichte 1919-1950 ; Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche ; Russen ; Exil ; Geschichte 1919-1950
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ , In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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  • 43
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka | Moskva : Inst. ; N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: N.S. 1.1993; 2001 -
    Additional Information: 2000 Rossijskaja akademija nauk. Institut ėtnologii i antropologii Itogi polevych issledovanij Moskva : Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Imeni N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    Former Title: Vorg. Novoe v ėtnografii
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija // Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Ėtnologii i Antropologii Im. N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja
    Former Title: Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii RAN
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Russland ; Kulturanthropologie ; Feldforschung
    Note: 1994 - 1999 nicht ersch. , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 44
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1977 -
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 45
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka - Vostočnaja literatura | Moskva : Nauka | Moskva : MAKS-Press | Moskva : AIRO-XXI ; 1972(1973) -
    ISSN: 2687-1432 , 2687-1440 , 2687-1440
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1972(1973) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ežegodnik Japonija
    Former Title: Japonija
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Politik ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Japan ; Internationale Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Japan Internationale Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Asien ; Japan ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Auf ISSN-Portal: P-ISSN 0235-8182 Âponiâ. Япония , Urh. anfangs: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Vostokovedenija ; Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Dal'nego Vostoka; Naučnyj Sovet po Koordinacii Naučno-Issledovatel'skich Rabot v Oblasti Vostokovedenija, Sekcija po Izučeniju Japoni , In kyrill. Schr.; Text russ.
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  • 46
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskultur
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 47
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 48
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskultur
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 49
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskultur
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 50
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1977 -
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: In kyrill. Schr
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0131-2227 , 0026-5829 , ISSN 2782-4330 , ISSN 2782-4330
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1957 - [58.]2014; 59.2015 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Ėkonomičeskoe položenie kapitalističeskich stran
    Additional Information: Beil. Ėkonomičeskoe položenie kapitalističeskich i razvivajuščichsja stran
    Additional Information: Beil. Ob imperialističeskoj "integracii" v Zapadnoj Evrope
    Additional Information: Beil. Ljudi i politika
    Additional Information: Beil. Tendencii mirovogo ėkonomičeskogo razvitija
    Additional Information: Spec. pril. Meždunarodnaja bezopasnost' i razoruženie
    Additional Information: Ab [33.]1989 darin Tekuščie problemy mirovoj politiki
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mirovaja ėkonomika i meždunarodnye otnošenija
    Former Title: MĖIMO
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Außenpolitik ; Russland ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
    Note: 2019 fortgesetzt als Online-Ressource , früher ohne Paralletitel , Beteil. Körp. bis [35.]1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Mirovoj Ėkonomiki i Meždunarodnych Otnošenij , Vol.-Zählung 59.2015 ab 2015,11 , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 52
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] | Moskva [u.a.] | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1947 - 21.1972; 22.1984 - 24.1988; 25.1998; 26.2001 -
    ISSN: 0131-1344
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1947 - 21.1972; 22.1984 - 24.1988; 25.1998; 26.2001 -
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Urh. bis 7.1953: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Leningradskoe Otdelnenie Instituta Istorii Material'noj Kul'tury, Sektor Srednej Azii; 8.1953 - 12.1958: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Istorii Material'noj Kultury; 13.1960 - 21.1970: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Archeologii; beteiligte Körp. früher: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Institut Vostokovedenijal'noj Kul'tury , In kyrill. Schr.; Text russ. , Index 21/30 (1972/2013) in: 30 (2013)
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  • 53
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; Nachgewiesen 1961 -
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 1961 -
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Anfangs ohne Zählung , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 54
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Moskva : Nauka ; 1.1937 - 254.2005; [255.]2005-295, 4 (oktjabr'/nojabr'/dekabr') ; tom 76, no. 1 (janvar'/fevral'/mart)-
    ISSN: 0321-0391
    Language: Russian , English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1937 - 254.2005; [255.]2005-295, 4 (oktjabr'/nojabr'/dekabr') ; tom 76, no. 1 (janvar'/fevral'/mart)-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vestnik drevnej istorii
    Former Title: Revue d'histoire ancienne
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. früher: Akademija Nauk SSSR, Otdelenie Istorii; später: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Otdelenie Istorii ; Institut Vseobščej Istorii, Centr Sravnitel'nogo Izučenija Drevnich Civilizacij ; Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Moskovskij Gosudarstvennyj Universitet Im. M. V. Lomonosova , 1942 - 1945 nicht ersch.; teils fehlerhafte durchgehende Zählung , In kyrill. Schr.; Text russ. , Index regelmäßig für je 5 Jahre
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  • 55
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Russisch ; Zeitschrift ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskunde ; Russland ; Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 56
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Russisch ; Zeitschrift ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskunde ; Russland ; Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 57
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 2002-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rossijskaja akademija nauk / Institut ėtnologii i antropologii Polevye issledovanija Instituta Ėtnologii i Antropologii
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 07.05.20 , Russisch (Kyrillische Schrift)
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  • 58
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Sankt-Peterburg : Nauka | Moskva [u.a.] : Akad. Nauk SSSR | Leningrad : Nauka ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0136-7447
    Language: Russian
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russkij fol'klor
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Russisch ; Zeitschrift ; Volksliteratur ; Volkskunde ; Russland ; Zeitschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russland ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volksliteratur ; Zeitschrift ; Russisch ; Volkskunde
    Note: Übergeordnete Körp. bis 1991: Akademija Nauk SSSR , In kyrill. Schr. , Index 1/10.1956/66 in: 10.1966; 11/20.1968/81 in: 20.1981
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Anchoring and Mooring ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Energy Yield ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Floating Solar Photovoltaics ; FSPV Ecosystem ; HSE ; Inverter ; Power Plants
    Abstract: This report builds a compelling case for India to look beyond land and institute an ecosystem that supports the installation and operationalization of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV) power plants. Since these plants are installed on the underutilized surfaces of large water bodies, no land needs to be diverted from other uses. The installation of FSPVs also spurs job creation and catalyzes the development of a domestic value chain as some of the components, such as floaters, need to bemanufactured close to installation sites. They also provide a range of other benefits as they generate relatively more power than ground-mounted solar plants (due to the cooling effect of water) and better utilize shared infrastructure such as transmission systems, wherever available
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 pages)
    Series Statement: International Debt Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Bonds ; Creditor ; Data ; Debt ; Debtor ; Developing ; Development ; Economic ; FDI ; Finance ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Government ; Interest Payments ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Maturity ; Principal ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Statistics
    Abstract: The International Debt Report (IDR) is a longstanding annual publication of the World Bank featuring external debt statistics and analysis for the 122 countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDR 2023 is the 50th annual edition and includes (1) analyses of external debt stocks and flows as of end-2022 for these countries; (2) the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2023 and beyond; (3) a focus on improved public debt transparency and the quality of debt reporting; (4) a discussion of the need for innovative approaches to debt management; (5) a commentary on how the International Debt Statistics database serves as an indispensable resource for researchers and policy makers; and (6) a one-page snapshot of relevant debt indicators and summary of debt stocks and flows for six years (2010 and 2018-22) for each country, plus global income group and regional aggregates. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDR 2023 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDR 2023 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Crisis ; Sahel ; Shocks ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Sahel region of Africa faces multiple crises, which further compound structural economic and human development challenges. The Sahel is one of the world's poorest regions and displays some of the lowest levels of human capital globally. Violence and insecurity in the Sahel have significantly increased in the past decade, with several countries experiencing active armed conflict and unrest. The impacts of climate change compound existing vulnerabilities and risks. Finally, the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have impacted the Sahel, eroding purchasing power and aggravating poverty. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. ASP has emerged as a flexible and dynamic approach to social protection during the past decade. It combines and exploits synergies between social protection, disaster risk management (DRM), and climate change adaptation. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. The Sahel's vulnerability and exposure to shocks and crises is set to increase with accelerating climate change, calling for a shift from often externally funded, ad hoc responses toward building sustainable, government-led system. Over the past decade, ASP has been on a remarkable trajectory in the Sahel, and this is an appropriate time to take stock of the situation. This report provides an overview of the state of ASP across six Sahelian countries - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal - as well as a set of recommendations for actions to strengthen the adaptiveness and responsiveness of existing systems to shocks
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Equity ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Interventions ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy Reforms
    Abstract: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is facing economic challenges. The country is experiencing a growth slowdown with high levels of public debt. Growing current expenditure and debt service obligations amid sluggish tax revenue led to a widening fiscal deficit in the early 2010s, which remained high into the 2020s despite fiscal consolidation efforts. COVID-19 and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions have disrupted human capital investment and are expected to have worsened the incidence of poverty and inequality. Fiscal policy can be an instrument to address these challenges, but its role has been constrained by a precarious fiscal position. This report analyzes the distributive effects of the Lao fiscal system and potential reforms to address current economic challenges. The analysis adopts the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) methodology to assess the distributional impact of the Lao fiscal system on household welfare. The methodology disaggregates income to include or exclude fiscal interventions to analyze the impact of the fiscal system and each intervention on poverty and inequality. Fiscal interventions can be classified into three categories according to how they are imposed on households: direct interventions (direct taxes, social security contributions, and cash transfers), indirect interventions (indirect taxes and subsidies), and in-kind interventions (public health and education). The framework assesses how progressive a fiscal system and each fiscal intervention are and measures their impacts on poverty and inequality
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Madagascar urbanization review
    Keywords: Verstädterung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Stadtplanung ; Politische Planung ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; City Development Strategies ; Environment ; Government Capacity ; Integrated Approach ; Sustainable Urban Growth ; Urban Development ; Urban Policies ; Urbanization ; Madagaskar
    Abstract: The Madagascar Urbanization Review aims to: - Contribute to the 2019 National Policy for Urban Development (Politique National de Developpement Urbain), the main policy document outlining the priorities for cities in Madagascar. - Serve as a diagnostic tool to identify the key barriers to sustainable and equitable urban growth in the country - Offer a set of recommended investment priorities and their sequencing, to support governments in making informed decisions on the future development of cities. - Promote an integrated approach to urban development and improve government capacity. - Promote an integrated approach to urban development and improve government capacity. - Help city leaders and national policy makers to: i. Think strategically about the opportunities offered by urbanization; ii. Address key bottlenecks that are holding back the potential benefits of urbanization; iii. Develop plans to address cities' most pressing issues; and iv. Build consensus between the national and local levels to drive the urban policy agenda
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amjad, Beenish Fiscal Policy, Poverty, and Inequality in a Constrained Environment: The Case of the West Bank and Gaza
    Keywords: Cash Transfer Program ; Commitment To Equity ; Comparative Analysis ; Fiscal Policy ; Indirect Taxes ; Inequality ; Inequality Reduction ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Tax Administration ; VAT
    Abstract: This report analyzes the distributional impacts of the main taxes and transfers on households' welfare in the West Bank and Gaza. The analysis uses the Commitment to Equity methodology, enabling comparison of the results to other countries where this framework has been applied. The report assesses the effects of government taxation, social expenditure, and indirect subsidies on poverty and inequality in the West Bank and Gaza. The results indicate that the combination of taxes and transfers modelled in the West Bank and Gaza reduces inequality by 6.5 Gini points but increases the national poverty headcount by 8.4 percentage points. These fiscal policy outcomes on poverty and inequality reduction are below average in terms of desirability compared to other lower-middle-income countries. The taxes and transfers modelled in the West Bank and Gaza achieve most inequality reduction through in-kind benefits from public basic education and public hospitals, followed by the Cash Transfer Program and the value-added tax (VAT). Their large impact on inequality reduction is explained by a combination of their progressivity and their size relative to household income. The redistributive effect of direct taxes, customs duties, and indirect subsidies is zero or close to zero. Indirect taxes represent the fiscal interventions contributing most to the increase in national poverty; customs duties followed by VAT represent the largest burden on households' incomes. Direct transfers from social protection cannot offset the impoverishment effect from indirect taxes because they have very limited coverage. Only the poorest decile is a net cash beneficiary after paying taxes and receiving cashable transfers. The rest of the deciles are net payers to the fiscal system. To decrease poverty and inequality in the West Bank and Gaza, the most significant policy recommendation to emerge from the analysis is to expand direct transfers to the second and third deciles to compensate for indirect tax burdens. Financing this reform is feasible through domestic tax mobilization or through rationalization of inefficient fuel and electricity subsidies that benefit the top income deciles most
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cameron, Lisa Leveraging Women's Views to Influence Gender Norms around Women Working: Evidence from an Online Intervention in Indonesia
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender Equality ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Women Employment ; Women In The Workforce
    Abstract: How to influence social norms that drive behavior in relation to women's participation in employment is not well understood. Providing randomly selected participants with information on the extent of (i) women's support for women with children working; (ii) husband's support for sharing day-to-day childcare with wives; and (iii) mothers' and mother-in-law's support for working women, increased the probability of choosing an online career mentoring course for women over a shopping voucher of equal value by 25 percent. Information beyond women's support for working women further increased support for women working for some groups, although not strongly so
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fietz, Katharina Exit Patterns from Brazil's Bolsa Familia and the Role of the Local Labor Market
    Keywords: Bolsa Familia ; Conditional Cash Transfer ; Dynamic Means-Tested Cash Transfer ; Labor Market ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Workers ; Social Protection Program Graduation ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Can rising tides in the labor market lift the poor out of social assistance Although a substantial literature has studied the capacity of safety nets to expand automatically during labor market shocks, less is known about the dynamics of social assistance when labor market conditions improve, and who may benefit from positive changes. This paper studies how rising formal employment at the municipal level affects the likelihood of beneficiary families to exit Bolsa Familia, Brazil's dynamic means-tested cash transfer. The analysis exploits panel data from Brazil's vast social registry, matched with seven years of Bolsa Familia payroll information and formal employment records. The data reveal that the Bolsa Familia program displays significant and heterogeneous dynamism, with beneficiaries with higher levels of education and fewer constraints to labor supply taking fewer years to exit. The analysis then uses fixed-effects estimates, combined with an instrumental variable approach, to identify the effects of exogenous changes in the local labor market on exits. The findings show that the increase in local employment leads to a small, statistically significant rise in the probability of exiting from Bolsa Familia. These effects are concentrated in households with spare labor supply and those with medium levels of education
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als AlAzzawi, Shireen Female Headship and Poverty in the Arab Region: Analysis of Trends and Dynamics Based on a New Typology
    Keywords: Female-Headed Households (FHH) ; Female-Headedness Typology ; Gender ; Household Survey Data ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Feminization ; Poverty Reduction ; Synthetic Panels
    Abstract: Various challenges are thought to render female-headed households (FHHs) vulnerable to poverty in the Arab region. Yet, previous studies have had mixed results and the absence of household panel survey data hinders analysis of poverty dynamics. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel typology of FHHs and analyzes synthetic panels constructed from 20 rounds of repeated cross-sectional surveys spanning the past two decades from the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Mauritania, the West Bank and Gaza, and Tunisia. The paper finds that the definition of FHHs matters for measuring poverty levels and dynamics. Most types of FHHs are less poor than non--FHHs on average, but FHHs with a major share of female adults are generally poorer. FHHs are more likely to escape poverty than households on average, but FHHs without children are the most likely to do so. While more children are generally associated with more poverty for FHHs, there is heterogeneity across countries in addition to heterogeneity across measures of FHHs. The findings provide useful inputs for social protection and employment programs aiming at reducing gender inequalities and poverty in the Arab region
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kalliny, Marize Are Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries? Evidence from Firm-Level Data
    Keywords: Firm-Level Data ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Law ; Gender and Trade ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gendered Entrepreneur Data ; Global Value Chain ; Women's Empowerment ; Women's Trade Participation
    Abstract: Despite the efforts made to increase women's inclusion in the economy, they are still underrepresented in trade in general and in global value chains in particular. Thus, this paper aims at examining the impact of global value chains on women's trade participation as entrepreneurs and employees. It also analyzes how this effect is moderated through external (gender provisions in trade agreements) and internal (investment climate variables) factors. The analysis uses firm-level data for 154 developing economies and emerging markets with a special focus on the Middle East and North Africa region, being one of the regions with the lowest female labor force participation. The main findings show that global value chains integration increases the likelihood of being a female owner and the share of female employees, especially production ones. A less robust negative effect is found for the impact on being a female top manager. These effects are moderated by the inclusion of gender provisions in trade agreements and by the characteristics of the investment climate (especially tax policy, access to finance, and corruption). These results remain robust after controlling for the endogeneity of global value chains using an instrumental variable approach and a propensity score estimation method where the treatment is being part of a global value chains. Thus, global value chains can be perceived as a tool that boosts women's empowerment in emerging economies, especially in the Middle East and North Africa region
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mohieldin, Mahmoud Could Digital Inclusion Close the Gender Economic Gap in the MENA Region?
    Keywords: Access and Connectivity ; Connectivity and Gender Equity ; Digital Divide ; Equitable Development ; Female Labor Market ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Empowerment ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Law ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet Access ; Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Closing the gender digital divide by ensuring equal access to and benefit of the internet may reduce economic inequalities and close the gender gap in employment by providing new economic opportunities and facilitating access to market information. This paper estimates the impact of digital inclusion, measured by the Inclusive Internet Index on the female-to-male labor force participation ratio, while controlling for other economic and social factors. Using data from the World Development Indicators, the Economist Intelligence Unit database, and the World Bank's Women, Business and the Law database for 13 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region for four years (2018 to 2021), a pooled cross section dataset is constructed. The model is estimated using generalized least squares to control for heteroskedasticity. The results show that an inclusive internet environment would reduce the gender gap in the labor force. Other key drivers include the structure of the economic growth, norms, and gender roles in the society. These results are relevant for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals agenda, mainly goals 5 and 10
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als El Mekkaoui, Najat For Labor or for Divorce? Unilateral Divorce Laws and Women's Labor Outcomes
    Keywords: Demographic and Health Survey ; Divorce ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Social Policy ; Intra-Household Bargaining ; Labor and Employment Law ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Mothers Labor Force Participation ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unilateral Divorce ; Women's Agency ; Women's Labor Force Participation
    Abstract: Despite substantial progress in closing the gender gap, women's labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa remains one of the lowest globally, at a mere 18 percent. This paper investigates the effect of the introduction of unilateral divorce laws on women's labor outcomes, using data from the Demographic and Health Survey program that spans decades and a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design in three countries: Morocco, the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Jordan. The results highlight that no-fault divorce legislation was associated with a modest increase in mothers' labor outcomes, measured by current employment, a few years after the reform. These findings are likely induced by a power shift and anticipatory effects that drive women into the labor force. However, when a longer time window is considered, 10 or more years after the reform, the study documents a negative effect of the reform on women's labor outcomes in Morocco, and a positive effect in the Arab Republic of Egypt and Jordan. These differences can be attributed to a set of countervailing effects, including social norms, labor market dynamics, and evolution of the legislation, that make the derived utility from marriage, in some cases, more attractive than that derived from employment, and vice versa. These findings partially confirm results from previous research on the relationship between no-fault divorce and women's agency and empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa region, but, at the same time, contrast with prominent perspectives on legislation that aims at reducing gender-based discrimination. Instead, they show that there might be undesired effects of legislation and provide a policy relevant discussion on that basis
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anticorruption Agenda ; Governance ; Governance and Financial Sector ; Integrity Risks ; Law and Development ; Public Administration ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: The Armenia public sector accountability survey is instrumental in addressing the disparities between de jure laws and regulations and de facto practices and seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform further definition and implementation of the government's anticorruption initiatives. The survey was implemented by the Corruption Prevention Commission (CPC) and the World Bank. It aimed to: (i) provide a comprehensive assessment of the patterns and determinants of integrity risks, and how they can impact productivity and performance in the public administration in Armenia; (ii) understand the perceptions of Armenian public servants regarding ongoing anticorruption initiatives, their awareness of integrity risks, and the needs for further interventions; and (iii) generate evidence, support and inform further definition of reforms and anticorruption initiatives that help address and counter weak integrity practices in the public sector in Armenia. By highlighting the disparities between de jure laws and de facto practices, particularly in terms of integrity within the public sector, this survey aimed to serve as a cornerstone for informing effective implementation in targeted interventions and bridging the gap between policy intentions and actual practices within Armenia's governance. The Armenia public sector accountability survey was aimed at public servants in selected public entities in Armenia, including central ministries and agencies, regional governments, and selected municipalities across the country. The analysis of the survey findings is anchored in the government production function conceptual framework and adjusted to explicitly take into account the drivers and consequences of corruption
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Current Status Of Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Education Quality ; Education Resource Allocation ; Education Sector Spending ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation For Education
    Abstract: The education sector in the Lao PDR (Laos) faces significant challenges. Access to education improved over of the past decade but substantial gaps remain, and previous progress is being undermined by the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing economic difficulties. The quality of education was already poor before these shocks. The sector is severely underfunded due to a steep decline in public resources allocated to education. In addition, limited job prospects for graduates reduce demand for quality education. To prevent these challenges from causing a lost decade for education in Laos, urgent attention is needed in three areas. First, the government should implement comprehensive economic and fiscal reforms to increase available resources for education and facilitate private sector development to create income earning opportunities for graduates. Second, resource allocation within the sector should be improved for equity and balance. Lastly, the education sector needs to better translate available resources into the learning outcomes of children and youth by reducing inefficiencies and rigidities that constrain the key drivers of learning: teachers, school financing, teaching and learning materials, and school infrastructure. Addressing constraints in these three areas will help reverse the decline in education financing, close access gaps, and enhance service quality
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Matching Grants ; Mutual Funds ; Science and Technology Development ; Tech Incubator Program for Startup ; Technology Innovation ; Tips
    Abstract: This report investigates the case of a Korean public-private matching grant program called the Tech Incubator Program for Startup (TIPS). Launched in 2013, the program provides a package of support to selected startups, including matching grant for research and development (R and D) and mentorship, for up to three years. After ten years in operation, TIPS is particularly well suited to answer the question of whether public funding can help startups innovate and subsequently improve their performance. Using a dataset that includes 1,650 startups that applied for TIPS between 2013 and 2020, this research analyzes the effects of TIPS on recipients' performance and offers empirical evidence to inform entrepreneurship policy. The results show that TIPS positively affected startup performance one year after selection in terms of innovation input and output, although it did not have a significant effect on revenue or research collaboration activities. The report concludes with five lessons derived from Korea's policy experience in designing and implementing TIPS: (i) a well-designed coordination mechanism may serve as a viable public-private partnership model for fostering innovative startups, (ii) a co-investment model can crowd in private investment and achieve a multiplier effect by reducing the risk of investment in early-stage startups, (iii) complementary supports that target different stages of the startup lifecycle are needed, (iv) patient capital and continuity in entrepreneurial policy with a long-term view are key to nurturing a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem, and (v) constant engagement with beneficiaries through data collection and monitoring enables the development of a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Early Childhood ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Capital Protection ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Strengths and Gaps
    Abstract: This human capital review assesses human capital outcomes in Mauritania and identifies actions to strengthen, utilize, and protect human capital. The government of Mauritania has demonstrated a strong commitment to placing human capital at the forefront of its long-term vision, with dedicated efforts focused on enhancing childhood health and education outcomes. Despite Mauritania's positive initiatives, the country's human capital wealth per capita has declined over the last 20 years; and it is imperative to look at ways to quickly reverse this situation. Children born today in Mauritania will only be 38 percent as productive when they grow up as they could have been had they enjoyed complete education and full health. Increasing the productivity of Mauritanians--both men and women--and thus allowing them to fully contribute to the development of their society entails transforming the human capital challenge to a human capital opportunity. This report takes a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach and proposes recommendations for building, protecting, and utilizing human capital in Mauritania
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Cyclonic Storm ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Natural Disasters ; Rakhine State ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation with limited access in Myanmar, the World Bank has adopted the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology to estimate damages arising from Cyclone Mocha. GRADE is a remote, desktop analysis to estimate damage to capital stock. This report summarizes the results of the GRADE conducted to assess damages following the impact of Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha in Myanmar during May 2023
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Kenya assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kenya perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Kenya on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Kenya; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Kenya; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Kenya; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Kenya
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Ghana assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ghana perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Ghana on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Ghana; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Ghana; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Ghana; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Ghana
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Conflict and Fragility ; CPE ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Drought and Climate Shocks ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mavroeconomic Vulnerabilities ; Unsustainable Development ; Weak Business Environment
    Abstract: The objective of this Country Program Evaluation (CPE) is to assess how well the World Bank Group supported Ethiopia in addressing key challenges that constrained its development and how that support adapted over time to respond to changing circumstances, an evolving relationship, and lessons from experience. The evaluation will cover fiscal years (FY)13-23. The time period is selected to include the last two Bank Group strategies to support Ethiopia and coincides with the period of theprevious two political administrations. The evaluation aims to inform the next Bank Group-supported Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Ethiopia expected in FY25
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: IDA ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Window (PSW)
    Abstract: The private sector is essential for creating jobs and prosperity in poor countries, but developing it is challenging, especially in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). The IDA Private Sector Window (PSW) is a blended finance facility that enables the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and third-party private sector investors to conduct high-risk transactions in International Development Association (IDA) countries and FCS countries. This evaluation aims to assess the usage, market development potential, and enabling factors of the PSW. The evaluation assesses how the usage of the PSW has changed from its inception in 2017 to 2023 and explores its potential market development effects and its enabling factors, namely concessionality (for IFC and MIGA) and additionality (for IFC). Concessionality is the level of subsidy needed for IFC and MIGA to offer transactions in PSW-eligible countries at market prices. Additionality is the unique support IFC brings to private investments (on a project basis) that is not offered by commercial sources of finance. It comprises financial and nonfinancial additionality. This evaluation assesses the PSW across three IDA cycles: IDA18, which covers FY18-20; IDA19, which covers FY21-22; and IDA20, which covers FY23-25. It updates the 2021 IEG early-stage assessment of the PSW (FY18-20) and complements the IDA20 PSW Mid-Term Review, which was prepared jointly by IDA, IFC, and MIGA
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Employment ; Inclusive Society ; Income Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Structural Drivers ; Wage
    Abstract: This report is intended to inform public debate and policymaking on income inequality in Thailand. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality in Thailand and identify opportunities to promote more inclusive growth. The analysis uses a wealth of data from a variety of sources (detailed in Appendix A) to examine the pattern, structure, and drivers of income inequality in the country, with a special focus on inequality and labor market supply-side factors. It is structured as follows. This section has laid the foundation for analysis, examining historical trends in both consumption - and income-based measures of inequality while providing geographic context and data on public perceptions about inequality. It also provided a summary of literature findings. Section 2 analyzes the pandemic's impacts on inequality, including the role that social assistance played in mitigating its effects but also the potential scarring effects on children's human capital development. Section 3 examines the structural drivers of inequality and its persistence, focusing on the role of inequality of opportunity in human capital development and access to basic services. Finally, Section 4 provides policy options to create a more inclusive society by addressing the root causes of persistent inequality and mitigating the challenges brought about by the pandemic. In particular, since a significant share of the poor in Thailand are engaged in agriculture, the report underscores that improving farm incomes is crucial for alleviating poverty and reducing inequality. As such, Section 4 draws its recommendations from a recent study on the key challenges and opportunities facing Thai farmers to raise agricultural productivity and incomes
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Macroeconomic Performance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Expenditure ; Public-Private Partnership ; Revenue Mobilization ; State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
    Abstract: The Lao PDR is facing unprecedented macroeconomic challenges, which jeopardize hard-won development gains. Over the past two decades, the country attracted considerable foreign investment and fostered regional integration, which contributed to a long period of high economic growth. Many human development indicators improved during the period 2000-2019, including child and maternal mortality, school enrolment, income poverty, and gender equity. However, economic growth was predominantly driven by large-scale investments in capital intensive sectors, such as mining and hydropower, which created few jobs and entailed environmental costs. Moreover, many public investments were financed by external debt, gradually jeopardizing debt sustainability and macroeconomic stability. Long-standing structural vulnerabilities have been exacerbated by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and adverse global macroeconomic conditions. Since 2021, the national currency has depreciated considerably, and inflation soared. This has had a large negative impact on living standards, with many households struggling to cope. Meanwhile, limited spending on education, health, and social protection is undermining human capital and thus economic growth prospects. Significant debt pressures, especially short-term external liquidity constraints, have pushed the country into debt distress. This Public Finance Review identifies priority reforms to restore macroeconomic stability and boost prosperity. The objective of this review is to assess recent macro-fiscal performance, evaluate emerging fiscal risks, and propose policy reforms to secure fiscal sustainability, restore macroeconomic stability, and promote shared prosperity. This report is comprised of five chapters covering the main aspects of fiscal management: chapter 1 evaluates recent macroeconomic performance while placing fiscal policy in the broader macroeconomic context. Chapter 2 assesses domestic revenue mobilization efforts and scope for reforms to enhance tax collection. Chapter 3 investigates the size and composition of public expenditure, as well as measures to increase its efficiency and effectiveness. Chapter 4 discusses reforms of state-owned enterprises with a view to improving their financial performance, operational management, and corporate governance. Chapter 5 documents the experience with public-private partnerships and provides recommendations to maximize value for money and reduce fiscal risks
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gatti, Roberta Dysfunctional Family Management: Family-Managed Businesses and the Quality of Management Practices
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Family Owned Businesses ; Management Practices ; Managerial Talent ; Private Equity ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Better managed firms perform better. Existing evidence has shown that family-managed firms have poorer management practices. Several reasons have been proposed. Limiting to family members reduces the talent pool of potential managers. Family management creates disincentives for other talented workers given that the environment is not meritocratic. Family managers themselves may be less motivated given that they may not have to compete for the position. This study scales up the evidence by exploring the relationship between family managers and management practices for about 9,000 medium and large firms across 41 developing and advanced economies. The study contributes to the literature by investigating several internal and external operating factors that attenuate or accentuate the relationship between family management and the quality of management practices. The engagement of governments in terms of corruption and political connections is found to be influential
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Feriga, Moustafa Amgad Moustafa Ahmed Moustafa The Impact of Climate Change on Work: Lessons for Developing Countries
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change and Labor ; Environment ; Labor Demand ; Labor Supply ; Productivity
    Abstract: What is the impact of climate change on labor Reviewing the evidence, this paper finds five areas of potential impact. Climate change may have an immediate effect on labor demand, labor supply and time allocation, on-the-job productivity, and income and vulnerability among the self-employed. In the medium term, climate change may lead to a reallocation of labor across economic activities and across space. Impact estimates typically rely on fixed effect estimation. These estimates require care when interpreted as they typically reflect the short-term direct impact of past events and abstract from potential adaptation. The paper discusses emerging work trying to address this, analyzing the responses by firms, farms, households, and workers. Together, the existing evidence points toward six potential areas of government response. Potential labor policies include green jobs, green skills, labor-oriented adaptation, flexible work regulation, labor market integration, and social protection. The paper concludes by setting out avenues for future research in this field
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo Fiscal Incidence on the Island: Grenada's Fiscal System and Its Incidence
    Keywords: Consumption ; Fiscal Incidence ; Fiscal Policy Interventions ; Inequality ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Expenditure ; Public Revenue ; Social Transfers ; Tax ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal policy in Grenada. Using data from the 2017-18 Living Conditions and Household Budgets Survey and following the Commitment to Equity analysis framework, the paper estimates the effects of fiscal policy interventions on inequality and poverty. It analyzes the distributional incidence of direct and indirect taxes, direct transfers provided by social transfers and school feeding programs, and in-kind transfers generated by public services in health and education. The results show that Grenada has a tax system that is neutral on the value-added tax side and progressive on the personal income tax side. Furthermore, direct transfers make a modest contribution to poverty reduction and are almost neutral in their distributive impact. The results contribute to the understanding of who bears the burden of taxation and benefits from transfers and of how Grenada's fiscal system can improve its redistributive effect
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Himelein, Kristen Implications of Choice of Second Stage Selection Method on Sampling Error and Non-Sampling Error: Evidence from an IDP Camp in South Sudan
    Keywords: Cross-Sectional Household Survey ; Displacement ; Economic Theory and Research ; Estimation ; Household Survey Design ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microeconomic Data ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Survey and Sampling Methods ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The most common sampling approach for cross-sectional household surveys in the developing world is a stratified two-stage design, where the first stage is usually a sample from a census-based area frame, and the second stage is a random sample of households from each of the areas selected in the first stage. To overcome the problem of outdated census frame information, it is common to conduct a household listing operation within these areas. However, these listing operations come with severe implications for survey costs, timeframe, as well as quality. To avoid such second-stage operations, some surveys choose alternate approaches for their second-stage operation. This paper compares five of these approaches, namely, satellite mapping, segmentation, grid square, the north method, and random walk, through simulations based on a census conducted in a refugee camp in South Sudan. The paper compares the simulated approach with the estimates derived from the actual experiment and finds that all the resulting estimates are biased. Nevertheless, in addition to their practical challenges, the satellite mapping, segmentation, and grid square approaches exhibit the smallest bias. Although random walk shows the worst performance in the simulations, it regains ground in its implementation, especially vis-a-vis the north method, where implementation adds most significantly to its bias. In conclusion, most probability-based methods perform better than non-probability methods like random walk and are therefore preferrable when no traditional household listing can take place. Although it is important to consider the theoretical properties of sampling approaches, implementation is at least as important. Training, implementation modalities, and monitoring of compliance are key factors in the overall performance
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cho, Yoonyoung The Importance of Existing Social Protection Programs for Mental Health in Pandemic Times
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Depression and Pandemic ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Crisis ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: When it comes to mental health, do social protection programs matter more in times of crisis Using panel data from the Philippines around the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study compares depression rates among beneficiaries of an existing conditional cash transfer program to those of non-beneficiaries of similar socioeconomic status. Depression rates were almost identical for the two groups in late 2019, but significantly lower for conditional cash transfer beneficiaries by July 2020, after the initiation of strict quarantine measures and a large emergency cash transfer program. One interpretation of the increased importance of the conditional cash transfer program during the pandemic is that these transfers have larger protective effects in times of vulnerability. Another possible reason is that the existing infrastructure of the program, by allowing for more timely distribution of the emergency cash, enhanced the effectiveness of the government's pandemic response for conditional cash transfer beneficiaries. This paper finds evidence supporting both explanations
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stokenberga, Aiga Leveraging Big Data to Understand Women's Mobility in Buenos Aires
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Public Expenditures ; Gender and Transportation ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Norms ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Mobility ; Transportation Planning ; Urban Transport ; Women and Public Transportaton ; Women's Agency
    Abstract: While the travelers' gender has not been a central consideration driving urban mobility planning, increasing evidence points to gender-differentiated mobility preferences and behaviors. This paper explores this topic in the context of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, aiming to identify policy relevant differences between the mobility of women and men. It does so by leveraging mobile phone--based data, combined with existing household travel survey data and an original large-scale interception survey implemented in late 2021 and early 2022. The paper provides descriptive analysis of key spatial and temporal mobility patterns as well as implements statistical analysis to identify whether gender represented a key determinant of mode choice in the context of the pandemic. The analysis finds that women in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area travel less, tend to have shorter individual trips, and are much more likely than men to travel during off-peak hours, including due to disproportionately taking on "care mobility" responsibilities. In terms of mode choices, women represent the majority of public transport users and are more likely than men to say they would cycle. However, women's share among public transport users and their actual cycling and walking appear to be spatially correlated with, respectively, the availability of public transport services and dedicated, safe infrastructure. The travel responses to the pandemic documented in the original survey data also suggest that women are more likely than men to switch from public transport to private motorized modes as soon as their incomes allow them to unless appropriate health safety measures are put in place
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wollburg, Philip The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture: New Evidence from Micro-Data
    Keywords: Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Crop Agriculture Disaster Risk ; Disaster Loss and Damage ; Drought Losses ; Flood Loss ; Survey Data
    Abstract: Disasters affect millions of people each year and cause economic losses worth many billions of dollars globally. Reporting on disaster impacts in research, policy, and news primarily relies on macro statistics based on disaster inventories. The macro statistics suggest that a relatively small share of disaster damages accrues in Africa. This paper, instead, uses detailed survey micro-data from six African countries to quantify disaster damages in one key sector: crop agriculture. The micro-data reveals much higher damages and more people affected than the macro statistics would indicate. On average, 36 percent of the agricultural plots in the sample suffer crop losses due to adverse climatic events. In the countries and time period analyzed, these losses reduced total crop production by an average of 29 percent. Importantly, many of these losses are underreported or undetected in key disaster inventories and therefore elude macro statistics. In the case of droughts and floods, the economic losses recorded in the micro-data are USD 5.1 billion higher than in the macro statistics, affecting 145 million to 170 million people, more than four times as many as the macro statistics suggest. The difference stems mostly from smaller and less severe but frequent adverse events that are not recorded in disaster inventories
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Robayo, Monica Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective
    Keywords: Child Poverty ; Commitment To Equity (CEQ) Model ; Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Child Poverty ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Incidence ; Fiscal Policy ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Social Spending ; Taxation
    Abstract: This paper delves into Bulgaria's persistent issue of child poverty, even amidst policy efforts at the European Union (EU) and national levels. The study updates a comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis using the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) model, considering COVID-19's impact and a child-focused perspective, and simulates child-related policy interventions' effectiveness in alleviating child poverty. Our results show that Bulgaria's fiscal system has a limited impact on the overall at-risk of poverty rate, though it shows potential in reducing poverty for lower income deciles. Bulgaria's fiscal system reduces inequality compared to other countries with similar income levels, primarily driven by the substantial influence of direct transfers, education, and health allocations. Nevertheless, the redistributive effect of direct taxes and transfers remains comparatively modest within Europe. The study emphasizes the progressive nature of Bulgaria's fiscal components, benefiting the poorest through social benefits. When applying a child lens, our results show that fiscal policy is not very effective in addressing child poverty, as it reduces it by just 0.3 percentage points. However, means-tested programs targeting families and children play a significant role in mitigating child poverty. This research also underscores that specific households in Bulgaria face heightened vulnerability and may not receive optimal support from fiscal measures, including households with three or more children and lone-parent households, especially those headed by lone females. Microsimulation results suggest that enhancing child tax deductions among low-income earners and refining the design of child benefits to improve targeting effectiveness and generosity can notably contribute to child poverty reduction. The paper offers insights into more equitable policy design in Bulgaria's pursuit of combating child poverty
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Fiscal Capacity Estimation ; Fiscal Policy ; Intergovernmental Transfers ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Subnational Tax Effort ; Tax Reform ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper discusses the application of the conceptual framework for potential revenue estimation using Indonesia's existing macroeconomic indicators. The authors find that Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population, and urbanization rate are good predictors for most tax sources. These three indicators also predicted the total district's OSRs well, providing an empirical foundation for an aggregated macro-based model to estimate all OSRs using the abovementioned variables. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: section 1 provides a description of Indonesia's system of intergovernmental transfers and subnational taxation. It shows subnational fiscal reliance on transfers rather than OSRs. Section 2 makes the case for reforming the DAU formula and explains recent efforts by the Government of Indonesia on that front. Section 3 discusses the limited existing empirical literature on estimating potential revenues for transfers formula. Section 4 explains and applies our conceptual framework for potential revenue estimation. It also provides the empirical justification to use an aggregated approach to estimation rather than estimating each individual tax base. Section 5 applies the aggregated approach to estimating potential revenues. Section 6 discusses the equity implications and makes the case for using district fixed effects. Finally, section 7 provides a conclusion of this paper
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study
    Keywords: East Asia ; FDI ; FDI Policy Reforms ; Foreign Direct Investment ; International Economics and Trade ; Liberalization ; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: A new report from the World Bank Group focuses on the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI), which encompasses foreign investment in new or existing firms and production facilities. FDI is a subset of overall capital flows, but it is perhaps the most critical because of its potential development impact and stability relative to other cross-border capital flows. Foreign capital flows to developing countries fell to an estimated USD 662 billion in 2022 from an average of over USD 1 trillion in the decade preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Declining investment flows to developing markets largely reflect weaker macroeconomic prospects, geopolitical tensions, as well as the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend is also linked to the ongoing process of shifting global value chains and the transformation of investment in terms of modes of entry, sources, and sectors, among other dimensions. Growing climate change impacts, rising interest rates, and policy changes in advanced countries--such as incentives for green investments and localization of supply chains for key technologies--have also had far-reaching implications for the allocation of investment across the globe. The study seeks to provide a granular analysis of shifts in foreign direct investment flows and policy trends and suggests responses that developing countries may consider in order to reverse recent declines and to enable more private capital to support their development needs
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Environment ; Green Transformation ; International Economics and Trade ; Plastic Substitutes ; Sustainability ; Trade ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Climate change - and efforts to mitigate and adapt to it - will affect global flows of trade and Indonesia's ability to transition to a more environmentally sustainable economy on its path to become a high-income economy is, therefore, interlinked with trade policy. Environmental policy stringency (EPS) is increasing around the globe - a crucial challenge lies in harmonizing these with sustained economic growth, yet both goals can be reached. Although trade flows facilitate emissions, they are also a critical part of the solution, including through trade in environmental goods (EGs) and plastic substitutes - with important economic spillovers. This report provides a detailed analysis of the role of trade and trade policy on EGs and plastic substitutes in Indonesia's green transition. Chapter one describes the need for, and urgency of, this transition, by looking at the carbon intensity of Indonesia's trade, the impacts of environmental policies of Indonesia and key trading partners, and the roles of EGs. Chapter two examines where Indonesia stands on the level of trade in EGs and plastic substitutes and the competitiveness of EGs trade. Chapter three explores trade agreements and tariffs and simulates potential impacts of tariff reforms - including through multilateral actions. Chapter four examines what non-tariff measures (NTMs) apply on the products including inputs of firms exporting EGs and assesses which NTMs may be costly. Finally, chapter five concludes with policy recommendations
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Broadband Infrastructure ; Digital Divide ; Digitalization ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Outdated Legal Frameworks
    Abstract: Equitable access to broadband services is imperative to narrow the digital divide and for more people to benefit from digitalization. Compared to other ASEAN countries, the Philippines' internet connectivity lags in affordability, speed, and access, creating an uneven landscape for digital participation. Limited internet access curbs digital potential for citizens and businesses, with peri-urban connectivity being critical to future growth. The country's poor broadband infrastructure is rooted in outdated policy frameworks that stifle investment in rural areas and foster a market with weak competition, both of which hinder broadband expansion. Binding constraints underlying the Philippines' poor broadband infrastructure are inter-related, requiring a comprehensive package of reforms to yield desired entry, investment, and sector performance outcomes. The open access in data transmission (OADT) bill is a promising, viable start, among several proposals in Congress. Policymakers can build on immediate reforms through the open access bill as an entry point to broader and medium- to longer-term digital connectivity agenda. The cost of inaction - loss of growth opportunity, people remaining unequipped for future jobs, and widening of the digital divide - is too high for the Philippines
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Mongolia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mongolia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mongolia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mongolia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mongolia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mongolia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mongolia
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Conflict ; CPE ; Development Challenges ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) will assess the performance of the World Bank Group's support to Nepal in achieving its development objectives between 2014 and 2023. The evaluation will focus on the Bank Group's support to Nepal as it tackled its long-term development challenges while undertaking political and institutional reforms relating to the shift to federalism and responding to multiple shocks and disasters. This period covered by this evaluation spans the last two country strategies--the FY14-18 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) and the FY19-23 Country Partnership Framework (CPF). The CPE will assess the adaptive relevance and coherence of the Bank Group-supported program by examining how the Bank Group has adapted its support over time in response to changing conditions and priorities. This will include an examination of the Bank Group's response to the 2015 earthquakes and the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation will assess the Bank Group's work in three important thematic areas--resilience to natural disasters, federalism, and jobs and private sector development--in greater depth
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Support ; IDA ; Jobs ; Labor Markets ; Reform ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This evaluation is the first stage of the Independent Evaluation Group's assessment of the World Bank's support for more, better, and more inclusive jobs through International Development Association (IDA) financing, and it assesses the implementation of IDA-supported interventions directly supporting its jobs objectives across the three Replenishment cycles from fiscal years 2015 to 2022. Supporting the creation of more, better, and more inclusive jobs is critical towards achieving the goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity in countries. This is especially true for countries that are eligible for International Development Association (IDA) financing. Since 2014, IDA has included jobs as a special theme, and subsequent IDA replenishments have had what this evaluation calls an 'IDA jobs strategy.' This strategy included explicit objectives, a series of policy commitments to achieve them, and results indicators to track them. This evaluation represents the first stage of the Independent Evaluation Group's assessment of the World Bank's performance in supporting more, better, and more inclusive jobs through IDA financing. It assesses the implementation of IDA-supported interventions that directly supported its jobs objectives across the three Replenishment cycles from fiscal years 2015 to 2022. The evaluation answers two questions: (i) To what extent IDA's strategy on jobs was grounded in sound analytics, adaptive, and operationally relevant (ii) To what extent the strategy has been translated into relevant and effective jobs interventions that directly address the objectives of more, better, and more inclusive jobs The scope of the evaluation is limited to the three main channels for achieving IDA jobs objectives: acting on labor demand, increasing labor supply, and improving labor market flexibility and geographic mobility. The report offers recommendations for further strengthening of the IDA jobs agenda towards the objective of supporting more, better, and more inclusive jobs
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Legal and Judicial Sector Assessment
    Keywords: Access To Justice ; Cameroon ; Data Gap ; Ethiopia ; Gender and Marital Gaps ; Law and Development ; Legal Reform ; Legal System ; Sierra Leone ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Zanzibar
    Abstract: Limited access to justice is a root cause of underdevelopment, social unrest, and conflict. Expanding access to all and especially vulnerable groups including women, the young, small business owners and the poor is clearly paramount for a peaceful and prosperous continent. Justice means different things to different people, particularly the multiple actors who design and administer justice systems and affect the outcomes. Elected leaders eager to respect aspirations for a fair society with human rights and accountable governance. Judges, lawyers, and service providers view justice as a moral duty to guarantee fairness before the law. Business leaders look to courts to resolve contract disputes and keep transaction costs and risks low. Yet the voices of vulnerable groups, who are the most impacted when justice fails, are not often heard in discussions regarding justice systems. This book aims to boost knowledge and improve decision making by exploring the perspectives of what justice means to the most vulnerable people and how to improve their access to justice
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: CEMAC ; Country Level ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Outlook ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: The CEMAC Economic Barometer is a World Bank publication that presents a snapshot of recent developments in and the economic outlook of the CEMAC region, followed by a brief assessment at the country level. The Economic Barometer also includes a focused technical section on a theme of regional relevance. This edition's special topic provides policy options for the CEMAC countries to take better advantage of future commodity price booms
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health Sector ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; International Financing ; Investments ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has immense local impact and global consequences. Ukraine is experiencing huge human and economic suffering, which will have long-lasting effects. This war has been particularly devastating for the Ukrainian health sector, tremendously increasing the urgent need for specific services and simultaneously obstructing health outcomes and access to health care due to hostilities, disruption of service delivery, and damage and destruction of health facilities. Moreover, the recovery of Ukraine is shrouded in uncertainty as the duration of the ongoing war and the frequency and localization of the attacks are unknown, all occurring against the backdrop of economic challenges within the country and at a global scale. Despite an expected international effort to finance the recovery of Ukraine akin to the Marshall Plan, financial resources may not be easily available or may become more scarce and more expensive. Investments will receive more scrutiny, and competition for funds will increase due to monetary tightening, rising interest rates, and possibly sustained high inflation (International Monetary Fund 2022). However, in the short to medium term, Ukraine is expected to have favorable access to international financing on concessional terms. While Ukraine is struggling with the gruesome immediate impact of the war and a fight for survival, the shared understanding emerges that going back to business as usual will neither be possible nor desirable. This moment may also serve as a window of opportunity for rapid reform and innovation of health service delivery in Ukraine. Improving and reconstructing services while restoring and stabilizing them is critical to aiding a suffering population and to laying strong foundations of governance that will have lasting impacts into the country's future. This document provides a proposal for stakeholdersin the Ukrainian health sector on how service delivery may need to change, how to deal with this change, and how the health sector may come out stronger in the longer term. It focuses on the organization of health care service delivery and shares considerations of how it may develop using a long-term (10+ years) perspective
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