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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,736)
  • Altmisevler : KOSGEB Small and Medium Industry Development Organization
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland
  • Economics  (2,995)
  • Employment  (878)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031401350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 420 p. 2 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Schools of economics. ; A Treatise on Money ; John Maynard Keynes ; Ralph Hawtrey ; Social philosophy ; Monetary economics ; A Tract on Monetary Reform ; General Theory ; Cambridge economics ; International Clearing Union plan ; Employment policy
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Keynes’s Theory in the Making -- 3. How Did Keynes Transform His Theory from the Tract into the Treatise? -- 4. How, and for How Long Did Keynes Maintain The Treatise Theory? -- 5. The Turning Point in Keynes’s Theoretical Development -- 6. Keynes as a Planner and Negotiator - International Clearing Union -- 7. Keynes and the Transmutation Process of the Plan for Commodity Control Scheme -- 8. International Design and the British Empire - On the Relief Problem -- 9. The Welfare State in the Making - Beveridge and Keynes -- 10. Keynes’s Employment Policy in the Making - The Keynesian Revolution in Economic Policy -- 11. A Treatise on Probability and My Early Beliefs -- 12. Keynes’s New Liberalism Re-Examined -- 13. Hawtrey’s Philosophy through His Unpublished Thought and Things -- 14. Hawtrey on Welfare and Value -- 15. Exploring Hawtrey’s Social Philosophy through His Unpublished Book -- 16. Prof. Aoyama’s Study on Robertson and Keynes in Interwar Japan -- 17. Keynes and Monetary Economics -- 18. Recent Japanese Studies in the Development on Keynes’s Thought.
    Abstract: This book provides an insightful and original perspective on the work and legacy of John Maynard Keynes. It explores his work as an economist, world system planner, and social philosopher to highlight the different ways he influenced economics, economic policy, and the global political economy. Particularly attention is given to the development of the ideas which led up to The General Theory, his role as a planner and negotiator within international organizations, his work on the development of the post-war UK system, his debates with British Economists. This book examines the work and international legacy of one of economics’ defining thinkers. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the political economy and the history of economic thought. Toshiaki Hirai is Emeritus Professor at Sophia University. He is editor-in-chief of The Review of Keynesian Studies, published by the Keynes Society Japan.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9783031499517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 340 p. 57 illus., 40 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; Economics ; Tourism. ; Entrepreneurship. ; New business enterprises. ; Econometrics. ; Applied economics ; Research Methodology in Applied Economics ; Applied International Economics ; Financial economics ; Tourism economics ; Banking mobile applications ; Positive Externality of Property Rights ; Sustainable development ; Entrepreneurship and management ; Quantitative methods ; Financial Market Analysis ; Computational Economics ; Entrepreneurship ; Business Ethics ; Sustainable Supply Chain ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This book features a collection of high-quality and peer-reviewed papers from the 2023 7th International Conference on Applied Economics and Business, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, during August 24-26, 2023. ICAEB is held annually as a platform for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of applied economics and business. Applied economics is a way of dealing with esoteric economic concepts in a practical and analytical way. It allows for decisions to be made that are underlined by theoretical economic principles but utilized in such a way that they transform into real work applications. The contributors cover topics such as environment, development, finance, forensics, information, institutions, international, labor, management, mathematics, currency, tourism and many more. Applied Economics affects all aspects of life and science and it is brought to the forefront in this collection of papers. The conference, with its aim to bring together economists from different fields, lends itself to a natural and rich collection of scientific papers all focused on the practical application of economic principles. The scope of this collection of papers will be useful to academics and practitioners who look to economics to help solve problems.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264333956 , 9789264434745 , 9789264756182
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les voies de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Production Transformation Policy Review: Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Située dans la mer des Caraïbes, la Guadeloupe est un département français d'outre-mer et une région européenne ultrapériphérique. Dans la série des examens des politiques de transformation économique, ce rapport examine les opportunités et les défis de cette région qui cherche une voie de développement économique plus durable. Il identifie des actions prioritaires dans plusieurs domaines, notamment la bioéconomie et l'économie circulaire, les secteurs créatifs et les énergies renouvelables. Ce Gros plan enrichit notre compréhension de la diversité des voies de développement, y compris celles des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID). Il est le fruit d'un vaste processus d'examen par les pairs auquel ont participé des acteurs publics et privés de Colombie, des pays des Caraïbes et d'autres régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031477805
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 334 p. 113 illus., 108 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economic development. ; Labor economics. ; International business enterprises. ; Economic history. ; Pandemic ; Financial crisis ; European Union ; Sustainable development ; New normal ; Foreign trade ; Labor market participation ; Vulnerable groups ; Employment ; Society ; Romania ; Green jobs ; Digital transformation ; Policy ; Gender ; SMEs ; Remote work ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Preliminary Comments. A Scientometric Dimension of the Economic and Social Impact of Covid-19 -- Chapter 2. Another Crisis, Different Responses? – Determinants of Crisis and Mixt Impact on Economic Development. A Comparative Approach of the Eu Countries -- Chapter 3. Digital Transformation. Challenges and Limits for the New Normal -- Chapter 4. Thinking Beyond Covid-19: What’s Next for Romanian SMES? -- Chapter 5. Distortions and Gains in the Foreign Trade Activity During the Post-pandemic Era -- Chapter 6. Tax Burden During the Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Challenges -- Chapter 7. The (Post)pandemic Employment Model -- Chapter 8. The Impact of the Pandemic on the Participation in the Labour Market of Vulnerable Groups: Women, Young People, the Elderly, Self-employed Workers -- Chapter 9. Propensity for Migration of Healthcare Professionals: Push-pull Factors Analysis -- Chapter 10. Features of the Policies Adopted for the Mitigation of the Pandemic Recession Impact on the LabourMarket Operation -- Chapter 11. The Impact of Covid-19 on the Healthcare Labour Market in European Countries and Romania in Particular -- Chapter 12. Issues Regarding the Management of Hazardous Medical Waste During the Covid-19 Crisis in Romania -- Chapter 13. Conclusions – Looking Forward - Main Challenges and Limits.
    Abstract: This volume examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the business environment in the European Union (EU), with a specific focus on Romania, the least developed country in the EU. The book emphasizes the need to rethink recovery models and suggests a new normal based on the pillars of economic, climatic, and social resilience. Is proposed the redefinition the policies’ mix that will allow fundamental changes in development, focused also on social and societal profit, the redefinition of productivity and environmental performance of businesses, and the rebalancing of work and leisure life. The COVID-19 crisis not only accelerated the digital transformation of society but also reconfigured the coordinates of economic development by prioritizing sustainable development for all, based on green jobs as a starting point for business innovation and decent jobs for active social protection. Following this approach, the contributions discuss selected issues with importance to the development of society in the post-pandemic world. The book is of interest to students, scholars and researchers in economics, business, management and political science, as well as to policy makers and practitioners, for a better understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the business environment in European Union.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031530555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 162 p. 3 illus.)
    Series Statement: International Law and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Roy, Shubhangi When Do People Obey Laws?
    Keywords: Law and economics. ; Economics ; Law ; Social psychology. ; Law and social norms ; Law obedience ; Law and behaviour ; Legal compliance ; Law enforcement ; Law and economics ; Behavioral influence ; Human behavior ; Social communication ; Institutional conditions ; Law and social psychology ; Law obedience ; Interest lobbies
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Focusing on When Do People Obey Laws and Why It Matters -- Part I: Developing an Integrated Approach to Compliance -- Chapter 2. An Integrated Framework of Compliance With Law as Social Influence: When Law Changes Behaviors -- Chapter 3. When Law Changes Attitudes Within the Integrated Approach -- Part II: Applying an Integrated Approach to Compliance to Motivational Mechanisms of Why People Obey Laws -- Chapter 4. Understanding the Powers and Limits of Legal Expression to Create Change Through the Integrated Approach to Compliance -- Chapter 5. Understanding the Role of Procedural Justice in Compliance Through the Integrated Framework -- Chapter 6. Understanding When Do People Obey Laws Through an Integrated Approach to Compliance: Concluding Remarks.
    Abstract: This book examines the intricate dynamics of when individuals adhere to laws, taking into account the context in which laws attempt to shape human behavior. While existing literature touches upon various reasons why people comply with laws, the book focuses on a critical question which has been missing from the discussion: when do people obey laws? By treating law as a form of social communication, it develops an integrated framework to answer this question. It explores how social, psychological, and institutional conditions shape compliance decisions of individuals. What does a law signify? When does the compulsion to obey arise? When do individuals comply out of a fear for legal sanctions or social repercussions? Why do some laws have high symbolic values and others fail despite harsh punishments? The book unveils the contextual intricacies that underlie obedience to law. It challenges conventional wisdom and offers a fresh perspective on the power and limitations of law in shaping human behavior. For scholars and academics seeking a deeper understanding of legal compliance and role of law in shaping behaviors, this book will be an indispensable resource.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031487705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 827 p. 92 illus., 75 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Management Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; Commercial law. ; Economics ; Financial services industry. ; Regulation ; Supervision ; Decentralized Finance ; Islamic Finance ; Islamic Law ; Insolvency Law ; Financial Globalization ; Takaful ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Islamic Entrepreneurship: a Systematic Literature Review -- Chapter 2. Harmonization of Islamic Financial Literacy in Understanding the Islamic Banking Services: the Case in Malaysia -- Chapter 3. A Systematic Review: Challenge of Islamic Microfinance Baitul Maal Wat Tanwil in Indonesia -- Chapter 4. Islamic Peer-to-peer (P2P) Financing as an Alternate Model of MSME Financing in Nigeria -- Chapter 5. The Relationship Between Business Intelligence and Digital Banking Services in Jordanian Islamic Banks -- Chapter 6. The Impact of Islamic Finance on Economic Growth : the Malaysian Experience -- Chapter 7. The Efficiency of Participation Banking Sector in Turkey: A DEA Approach -- Chapter 8. Understanding the Practices and Challenges of Sustainability Reporting in Islamic Banking -- Chapter 9. Are Women a Gender Dividend for Investment – an Empirical Analysis From Indian Working Women Perspective -- Chapter 10. Potential Impact of Metaverse-based Banking on Employment in the BankingSector in India -- Chapter 11. The Impact of Credit Risk Mitigation on the Profits of Investment Deposits in Islamic Banks -- Chapter 12. The Effect of Job Seekers' Perception on the Intention to Apply for Jobs in Islamic Banks in Indonesia -- Chapter 13. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Business Intelligence in Islamic Banks -- Chapter 14. Prospects of a Partnership-based Islamic Microfinance ‎model in Bangladesh: Clients Perspectives -- Chapter 15. Analyzing Islamic Crowdfunding Through Bibliometric and Visualization Approaches -- Chapter 16. Benchmarking as a Mechanism to Measure Reference Efficiency and Improve the Performance of a Group of Banks, Using the DEA Data Envelope -- Chapter 17. A Perspective on the Existence and Development of Islamic Banking in India -- Chapter 18. Women Outreach Exploration; Evidence From Islamic Microfinance in Indonesia -- Chapter 19. The Impact of Necessity on Deposit Guarantee in Islamic Banks an Applied Jurisprudential Study -- Chapter 20. The FinancialImpact of Islamic Banking on Supporting and Developing Small and Medium Enterprises an Assessment of the Reality of Global Bank Al-Salam -- Chapter 21. A Qualitative Evaluation of Narrative Effectiveness Used in the Six and Titanic Films: a Forgotten Minority Perspective -- Chapter 22. Sukuk Blockchain - an Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges -- Chapter 23. Linking Brand Awareness, Influencers and Impulse Buying via Sor Theory: a Conceptual Paper -- Chapter 24. Bibliometric Analysis of Internal Audit Quality of Public Sector Organizations -- Chapter 25. Systematic Literature Review About Examining the Factors Affecting Omans Implementation of E-government -- Chapter 26. Role of Payment Innovation on Bank Performance: What Happens to the Bank if Cash Goes Away? -- Chapter 27. Investigating the Factors Influencing Mobile Commerce Usage of SMES in Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland: a Review of Literature -- Chapter 28. Breaking Barriers: Exploring the Gender Moderation in Factors Affecting University Choice for Students -- Chapter 29. An in-depth Exploration of the Evolution and Imple-mentation of Halal Pharmaceutical Certification Schemes in Malaysia -- Chapter 30. Examining the Impact of Entrepreneurship Performance on Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) -- Chapter 31. The Penta Helix Model in Management of Livestock Compost in Pakisjajar Village Communities -- Chapter 32. Student Performance in Mathematics and Its Impact on Learning Stem Subjects -- Chapter 33. Identifying the Sugarcane Trading System in Indonesia: an Institutional Economics Perspective -- Chapter 34. Going Global in the Digital Age Keeping Up and Staying Ahead in Today's Tech-driven Society -- Chapter 35. The Development of Women's Education Under Local Organizations in Kelantan, 1932-1957 -- Chapter 36. Nurturing Student Academic Performance: Unveiling the Impact of Smart Classroom, Perceived Ease of Use, Self-efficacy, and Islamic Spiritual Values -- Chapter 37. The Prospectof Work From Home in the Public Sector -- Chapter 38. Analytical Study on Ethical Issues in Events- Voices From Muslim Organizers -- Chapter 39. Crowdsourcing: a Catalyst for SMES to Ideation and Commercialization? -- Chapter 40. Correlation Between Flash Floods and Variable Improper Drainage Systems: Experiences Impacts of Flash Floods From Bandar Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia -- Chapter 41. Development of New Funding Formula in Malaysian Public Universities -- Chapter 42. Adapting to Technologicatransformation: Jobs and Skills in Malaysia's Evolving Work Landscape -- Chapter 43. Factors Shaping the Propensity of UAE Secondary School Teachers to Incorporate Education 4.0 -- Chapter 44. Role of Credit Attitude on Credit Card Misuse: a Study of Malaysian Working Adults -- Chapter 45. Social Media Marketing for Micro-enterprises in Malaysia: Branding for the Future? -- Chapter 46. English Majors Intercultural Competence and Chinese Cultural Aphasia -- Chapter 47. Study on Socio-demographic of Healthcare Waqf Do-nors: Waqf Contribution and Its Association With the Faith and Attitude Influence -- Chapter 48. Students Inclination and Preferences for Tahfiz Program in UiTM -- Chapter 49. Risk Mitigation Strategy for Agency Problems in Micro Business Financing of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil: a Qualitative Swot Analysis -- Chapter 50. The Mental Processes in Beauty of Shaanxi: an Ecological Discourse Analysis Perspective -- Chapter 51. Powerful Entrepreneurial Networking: Bridging the Gap in Marketing Performance of Halal SMES -- Chapter 52. Environmental Awareness Impact on Coastal Residents Emotional Intelligence and Personality -- Chapter 53. Vernacular Masjid as a Development of the Basic Arche-type of the Punctured Pavilion: a Technological and Cul-tural Manifestation in the Southeast Asian Region -- Chapter 54. Policy and Digital Economy and Society Development Action Plan Phase 2 (B.E. 2566 " 2570) and Digital Economy and Society Development Action Plan for Human Resource Development Phase2 (B.E.2566 " 2570) -- Chapter 55. Factor Influencing of Toxic Masculinity on Young and Adult Productivity: a Systematic Review -- Chapter 56. Metaphor Construction of Environmental Issues in Chinese and American News Media -- Chapter 57. A Proposed Model for Embracing Digital Horizons: Exploring Patient-centric Wearable Healthcare Technology -- Chapter 58. Exploring the Appropriate Legal Mechanisme for Consumer in Halal Food Abuse -- Chapter 59. Islamic Environmental Education: Case Study of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM) -- Chapter 60. Food Waste Management Technology in Malaysia: Lessons From the United States and European Union -- Chapter 61. Consumer Adoption of Brimo Mobile Banking Applica-tion: an Extended Tam Perspective -- Chapter 62. The Issue of Cybersex Addiction Among Children in Peninsular Malaysia: the Process of Development and Validation of Instrument -- Chapter 63. Measurement of Religiosity in Islamic Perspective -- Chapter 64. Ma'iyyah Work-life Enhancement: Islamic Values Approach to Strengthen Work Engagement -- Chapter 65. Digital Loneliness in Social Media: the Epoch of Our Connected and Distraction World.
    Abstract: This volume discusses the new trends in law and regulation in Islamic finance. Islamic finance is a particular component of the global financial system and is very different from secular finance. To understand the development of Islamic finance, it is important to place it in the context of financial globalization. Islamic finance is a new force in the contemporary world financial system and is present in more than a hundred countries. The current generation of Muslim economic power is crowding into the world's financial currents with trillions in liquidity and is growing at a high rate of 10-15% per year. Islamic finance is coming into focus and is not confined to Islamic countries but is present in every larger Muslim community, which means that it cannot be isolated from the effects of financial globalization. This edited volume discusses the effects of global financial transactions in Islamic finance and how it impacts its law and regulation.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031560422
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (V, 80 p. 34 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Industrial organization. ; Business logistics. ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Labor economics. ; International trade. ; Industries. ; Offshoring ; Deindustrialisation ; Global value chains ; Nearshoring ; Reshoring ; Employment ; Value added ; Global markets ; Manufacturing ; Regionalization ; Automotive industry ; Europe ; North America ; Industrial renaissance ; Automation ; Globalization ; Pandemic ; Geopolitics
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Deindustrialisation in the New Millennium -- Chapter 3. Empirical Analysis of Global Value Chains -- Chapter 4. Regionalisation of Global Value Chains in Manufacturing -- Chapter 5. Deindustrialisation Over Time -- Chapter 6. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book analyses the possible regionalization of global value chains, particularly in manufacturing. Amidst calls for an industrial renaissance in Europe and a resurgence of manufacturing jobs in the United States, the dynamics of global value chains have been reshaped by global pandemics, geopolitical tensions, and increased automation. Employing a multi-regional input–output model, the book scrutinizes the decline in offshoring afer the mid-2010s. It sheds light on regionalization as a pivotal force redefining global markets, and focuses on Europe and North America, revealing the strengthening of regional ties. Discussing future challenges, the book will appeal to scholars, students, and researchers, as well as practitioners and policy-makers interested in a better understanding of (de)globalization nuances connected to the evolving role of manufacturing in global value chains.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9783031494468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 339 p.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Latin America ; Economic history. ; Institutionalisation of Political Economy ; International Circulation of Economic Ideas ; New Latin American Republics ; Trade Policy ; Translations of Political Economy ; Late Enlightenment ; Spanish Liberalism ; Monetary Policy ; Public Finances ; Classical Political Economy ; Atlantic History ; Spanish Exile ; José Joaquín de Mora
    Abstract: 1. Introduction. A distinctive proponent of classical political economy in the Spanish-speaking world -- 2. The Absolutism six-year Period (1814-1820). Encountering Smith and Say -- 3. The Liberal Triennium (1820-1823). Mora, Bentham and radical liberalism -- 4. London (1824-1827). The approach to British Classical political economy -- 5. Argentina (1827-1828). An early attempt to introduce economic liberalism in Hispanic America -- 6. Chile (1828-1832): 'El Mercurio Chileno' and the model of economic development for the Hispanic American republics -- 7. Peru and Bolivia. Teaching, journalism and diplomacy -- 8. Back to Spain (1843-1853). The debate on free trade in Spain under the sway of moderate liberalism -- 9. Mora and the Enciclopedia Moderna’s (1853-1855) entries on Political Economy and Public Finance -- 10. Mora and the articles for the journal 'La América': Dialoguing once again with Latin America from Spain -- 11. Epilogue. The art of dissemination.
    Abstract: This book examines the dissemination, adaptation, and application of classical economic ideas within the Hispanic world through the life of José Joaquín de Mora. Focusing on the decades surrounding the creation of the Latin American republics, it highlights how ideas from the classical political economy, including liberalism and free trade, were pioneered in the work of Mora and disseminated across the Spanish speaking world. Particular attention is given to the influence of Mora in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Bolivia and how he helped shape their economic development models and political environments. This book examines the essential role José Joaquín de Mora played in the ideological and political modernisation of Latin America. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and the political economy. Jesús Astigarraga is Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Javier Usoz is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Juan Zabalza is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Alicante.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031577697
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 132 p. 9 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Macroeconomics. ; Economic policy. ; Econometrics. ; Labor economics. ; Macroeconomics ; GDP ; Recession ; Employment ; The Great Recession ; Unit Root ; Trend Stationary with Breaks ; The velocity of money ; Economic velocity ; Harrison C. Hartman book ; Real GDP and Employment ; Aggregate Demand Shocks book ; Aggregate Demand Shocks ; Aggregate Demand Shock ; Econometrics
    Abstract: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MODERN MAINSTREAM MACROECONOMIC THOUGHT VERSUS KEYNES’ VIEWS ON RECOVERIES FROM RECESSIONS -- CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW OF MAJOR SCHOOLS OF MACROECONOMIC THOUGHT AND EMPIRICAL WORK -- CHAPTER 3: RESULTS FROM ESTIMATING AND PROJECTING TRENDS FOR RECENT RECESSIONS -- CHAPTER 4: ECONOMETRIC ISSUES TO CONSIDER AND MODEL SELECTION FOR SOME HYPOTHESIS TESTS -- CHAPTER 5: HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH REAL GDP: SOMEWHAT MIXED RESULTS -- CHAPTER 6: DERIVED DEMAND FOR LABOR AND BREAKS IN TREND: DOES HYSTERESIS IN EMPLOYMENT IMPLY HYSTERESIS IN THE GROWTH PATH OF REAL OUTPUT? -- CHAPTER 7: SIMILAR RESULTS FROM AN EXTENDED SAMPLE PERIOD AND CONCLUDING REMARKS TO GUIDE FUTURE WORK.
    Abstract: Why do policymakers allow economies to settle into a “new normal” after a bad break in the economy rather than try to return the economy to its previous trend? In this book, economist Harrison C. Hartman discusses some of the variables that impact a nation’s ability to recover from negative aggregate demand shocks. Spanning total real GDP, per capita real GDP, and nonfarm payroll employment in the USA, the book emphasizes the role of aggregate demand shocks in causing the US economy to fail to return to trend. The resulting book challenges modern mainstream macroeconomic theories and highlights the complexities of post-recession recovery. The chapters provide econometric evidence both for and against the impact of aggregate demand on real GDP and employment levels in the long run. Hartman studies modern macroeconomic theories related to economic resilience and demand using (a) the velocity of money and the equation of exchange and (b) econometric analysis to dissect modern macroeconomic theories related to economic resilience and demand. The book provides methods to estimate and evaluate trends, and after simple methods for estimating trend and discussing associated results, the book turns attention to model selection, hypothesis testing and further results. This book also offers some possible areas for future work. A thought-provoking exploration of economic recovery or lack thereof, the book covers aggregate demand, employment, real GDP, and economic theories (classical, Keynesian, monetarist, neoclassical, new-Keynesian, and post-Keynesian perspectives). Bad Breaks in Real GDP and Employment is a timely and essential guide for economists navigating the complexities of past, present, and future macroeconomic landscapes. It explains the functionality of aggregate demand in the context of economic recession, offering insight into why some AD shocks feel permanent. This book provides econometric evidence supporting Keynesian and post-Keynesian perspectives on the potential importance of aggregate demand in determining real GDP and employment levels in the long run, particularly in cases when real GDP and employment fail to recover fully after recessions. This book is one of few contemporary works (a) explicitly noting the economic importance of money velocity and (b) focusing on econometric analysis that at least at times supports post-Keynesian perspectives. Harrison C. Hartman is an economist who has taught at Emory University, Georgia State University, University of Georgia, Kennesaw State University, Ursinus College, and Penn State University. He is the author of It's Velocity Stupid! (2015).
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1790
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Brasilien ; Economics
    Abstract: Infrastructure investment has been low in Brazil over the last decades, leaving significant gaps in all infrastructure sectors. To close these gaps, public investment will need to increase and become more effective, while additional private resources need to be mobilised. Improving strategic planning and effectively translating it into budget allocations over time would increase the quality of infrastructure projects. Promoting foreign participation in public procurement would raise competition and value for public money, while strengthening the governance of SOEs would enhance the quality of infrastructure services. Minimising policy and judicial risks would help to leverage more private infrastructure financing, including at longer maturities, while ensuring an adequate risk sharing between public and private actors.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1789
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews the diverse experience of OECD countries in establishing and running independent fiscal institutions, offering insights that could be useful for Latin American countries seeking to set-up and strengthen those institutions in the region. Through cluster analysis, we identify different types of OECD independent fiscal institutions and draw practical lessons from cases studies. We also identify key features that could serve as a road map for Latin American countries in their efforts to establish or enhance independent fiscal institutions.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031401534
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 169 Seiten
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Gender Studies ; Sociology of Work ; Social Economy ; Social Care ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Feminism and Feminist Theory ; Sex ; Industrial sociology ; Welfare economics ; Social service ; Economics ; Feminism ; Feminist theory
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: For implementing their economic and social policies, governments have traditionally relied on direct spending but increasingly use “non-standard” policy instruments, such as loans and guarantees. However, in many OECD countries, loans and guarantees are not yet submitted to the same scrutiny than direct spending as part of the budget process, and future costs associated with the use of these policy instruments are often not estimated, nor provisioned, making them appear initially costless. In turn, this generates risks of potentially biased budgetary decision making, deviations from medium-term spending plans and limited transparency. Considering experiences of OECD countries, this paper advises that budget offices take a leading role in proposing budgetary treatments for loans and guarantees that ensure an even-level playing field with traditional spending and put considerations of efficiency of spending above optimisation of short-term fiscal outcomes.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The economic and fiscal costs of gender inequalities, such as the gender employment gap, are high. Intersectional analysis improves understanding of gender gaps and the measures needed to address them. This paper looks at how gender budgeting can be expanded to include intersectional analysis, allowing for consideration of how gender inequalities intersect with inequalities based on race, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation and disability. It provides examples from governments that have started to incorporate an intersectional approach to gender budgeting. It also highlights the main benefits and challenges associated with intersectional analysis and considers what governments can do to support an intersectional approach to gender budgeting.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This journal article presents a set of high-level good budgeting practices in the health sector. The purpose of these good practices is to support countries in assessing their own budgeting arrangements for health, and in designing budgeting reforms. The article builds on 10 years of work by the OECD Joint Network of Senior Budget and Health Officials.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper, based on preliminary results of the 2023 OECD SBO Survey on Budget Frameworks, takes stock of OECD countries’ practices in top-down and medium-term budgeting. It shows that OECD countries’ fiscal frameworks can be characterised by strong reliance on multiple fiscal rules or objectives for enforcing fiscal discipline, with medium-term and top-down budgeting not used yet to their full potential in some countries. Drawing on the OECD Spending Better Framework, this paper advises that countries that wish to strengthen their fiscal frameworks reinforce the processes and institutions that underpin effective medium-term and top-down budgeting systems. Central to this is producing and publishing more regularly baseline projections of government expenditures and setting credible multi-year expenditure ceilings that serve as stringent guidelines for budget planning, while also allowing for some degree of flexibility under clearly defined conditions.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 23(2023), 2 vom: 21. Juni, Artikel-ID 6, Seite 1-15 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2 | day:21 | month:06 | elocationid:6 | pages:1-15
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23(2023), 2 vom: 21. Juni, Artikel-ID 6, Seite 1-15
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:21
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:06
    Angaben zur Quelle: elocationid:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This paper explores how Early Childhood Education and Childcare (ECEC) can be more effectively financed and delivered to promote human capital development, economic growth and well-being. It discusses evidence showing that quality ECEC contributes to better education outcomes and higher future earnings, particularly for socio-economically disadvantaged children. Yet it identifies challenges in delivering ECEC services, including uneven coverage and lack of affordability in many OECD countries, necessitating intergovernmental fiscal co-operation. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruptive effects on children’s learning and future GDP, the paper underscores the urgent need for effective policy interventions. These include augmenting public spending, implementing equitable fiscal governance models, enhancing the affordability of services and establishing robust monitoring systems. By addressing these issues, the paper posits that we can ensure equitable access to high-quality ECEC and fortify the resilience of our education systems for future generations.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Legislatures’ “power of the purse”, the ability to tax and spend public money, is enshrined in constitutions worldwide as a cornerstone of legislative power in democratic countries. Their role across the budget cycle is a fundamentally important national concern, lying at the heart of issues such as transparency, inclusiveness and democratic accountability. Despite different historical, constitutional, and political contexts, common features for parliaments to play an effective role in budgeting have emerged from experiences across OECD countries.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper outlines key issues and provides insights to government leaders looking to design and implement initiatives that require joint working across public agencies. The first part of this paper defines key concepts and explores the benefits and related costs of cross-agency initiatives. The second discusses various contextual elements that need to be considered when making decisions about how to design cross-agency initiatives, including the nature of the objectives, the systems of government, and relationships among potential partners. The third section looks at different models across four fundamental elements: governance; people (team support), funding, and performance monitoring. The final section looks at some of the main systemic elements that can support cross-agency initiatives success.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents best practices for gender budgeting in OECD countries, consisting of the core features common to successful implementation of gender budgeting. These best practices identify elements that contribute to the sustainability of gender budgeting and help governments ensure that the budget helps achieve broader government objectives relating to gender equality, such as women’s participation in the labour market. The best practices draw on gender budgeting practices in Member countries and the OECD’s work with countries in designing and implementing gender budgeting.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides good-practice guidelines for parliamentary budget officials and independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) that estimate the costs of policy proposals. It covers topics including which costs to capture, how to handle behavioural responses and macroeconomic feedback, how to communicate results, and how to work with stakeholders. It also contains a section on the special considerations for costing election platforms.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: A new trend is appearing in government budgets: using the budget process to help transform society and achieve results in relation to cross-cutting government goals, referred to in this paper as “transformational agendas”, often seeking to overcome persistent economic, social or environmental issues, which require action from across different policy areas. Transformational budgeting is a holistic approach to budgeting that helps align disparate activities with central goals, or agendas. The paper reviews how budget processes have evolved in modern public finance, with a view to enhancing the efficient and effective use of inputs to deliver results. It presents the emergence of transformational budgeting as a tool to help transform societies in response to new global agendas, such as the SDGs. The paper showcases transformational budgeting in practice, drawing on experiences from Spain.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Best Practices for Gender Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Ce document présente les bonnes pratiques en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays de l'OCDE, qui regroupent les éléments essentiels communs nécessaires à une mise en œuvre réussie d’une budgétisation sensible au genre. Ces bonnes pratiques identifient les éléments qui contribuent à la durabilité de la budgétisation sensible au genre et aident les gouvernements à s'assurer que le budget participe à la réalisation d'objectifs plus larges liés à l'égalité des genres, tels que la participation des femmes au marché du travail. Les bonnes pratiques s'inspirent des pratiques de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays membres de l’OCDE ainsi que des travaux menés avec les pays pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de la budgétisation sensible au genre.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031432262
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 250 p. 23 illus., 15 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; History. ; Economic history. ; Economics ; Ludwig van Beethoven ; Vincenzo Bellini ; Giacomo Meyerbeer ; Johann Strauss ; Richard Strauss ; Johann Sebastian Bach ; Georg Friedrich Händel ; Joseph Haydn ; Gaetano Donizetti ; Giuseppe Verdi ; Richard Wagner ; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ; Franz Schubert ; Gioachino Rossini ; Felix Mendelssohn ; Robert Schumann ; Jacques Offenbach ; Giacomo Puccini ; Igor Stravinski ; Manuel de Falla ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Introduction: On the Economics of Music and the Finances of Great Composers -- Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Händel: The Economics of Late Baroque Market for Music -- Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: A Collusive Friendship -- Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert: The Economic Conscious- and Unconsciousness of the Artist -- Gioachino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti: The Economics of Belcanto I -- Vincenzo Bellini and Giacomo Meyerbeer: The Economics of Belcanto II -- Felix Mendelssohn-Bartoldy and Robert Schumann: Parallel Lives, Liberal Delusions.
    Abstract: Did you know that Bach invested in mines? That Rossini improved his income by running casinos in the opera houses which on weekends performed his operas? Or that Puccini composed shorter arias to make them fit the length of gramophone disks as they reported him huge revenues? Or who was, in financial terms, the most successful classical composer in history? This book —the first of its kind— studies and compares the finances of twenty classical composers in their historical and economical context. Each chapter details and quantifies the sources of income of these musicians (wages, royalties, subsidies, percentages over the number of performances, arrangements, investments in the musical sector, etc), thus allowing to estimate the income they obtained due to their artistic — primarily compositional, but also related— activities. In addition, it also estimates the composer’s expenditures, thus drawing a relatively complete image of their personal finances. This not only allows to conclude to create a ranking of composers according to their economic success, but —more importantly— for the first time gives an accurate image of the financial situation of a broad set of composers. This allows to correct many false believes while also giving new insights on the relation between economics and music history.
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  • 32
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening the attractiveness of the public service in France: Towards a territorial approach
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: Un nombre croissant de pays membres de l’OCDE fait face à un défi d’attractivité de leur fonction publique, et ce, alors même que la gestion des politiques publiques, de plus en plus complexe, requiert de nouvelles compétences. Ce document cherche à identifier les facteurs d’attractivité de la fonction publique dans les régions françaises et à travers les pays membres de l’Union européenne, notamment dans un contexte de grandes tendances de l’emploi public en constante évolution. Le premier chapitre vise à éclairer le diagnostic d’attractivité de la fonction publique d’État dans les territoires français, par le biais d’un focus principalement qualitatif sur quatre régions (Grand Est, Hauts-de-France, Île-de-France, Normandie) confrontées, en tout ou partie, à des difficultés pour attirer, recruter et fidéliser leurs agents publics. Le second chapitre, au-delà d’une meilleure compréhension des grandes tendances affectant l’emploi public à travers l’Union européenne et les pays membres de l’OCDE et des implications pour la fonction Ressources Humaines (RH), explore les mesures mises en œuvre par d’autres administrations des pays membres de l’OCDE ainsi que dans le secteur privé pour développer ou adapter leurs politiques de ressources humaines afin de mieux planifier les efforts d’attractivité.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1759
    Keywords: Economics ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: The shrinking number of workers due to smaller young cohorts entering the labour market and large-scale outward migration are undermining Bulgaria’s growth prospects, the sustainability of its social institutions and society more widely. Bulgaria needs to provide more support for families and make staying in the country more attractive by raising productivity, fostering the creation of more good-quality formal jobs and reinforcing the social safety net. Bulgarian women have high activity rates, a high share in management jobs and a low wage gap with men, but all this translates into high opportunity costs for educated women of having children. Policies, including access to affordable quality childcare countrywide, more egalitarian burden sharing with men and greater incentives to get back to work, would help reduce those costs. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds should be offered a career path through upgrading skills and lifelong learning. Inactivity rates among the working age population should be addressed by reforms to the social welfare system that would improve activation and through targeted measures. Vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities, are disadvantaged in multiple ways and need tailored measures to escape poverty, acquire skills and integrate into the labour market.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264469273 , 9789264775930 , 9789264835030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve youth skills, improve adult skills, use skills effectively in the labour market and at work, and improve the governance of the skills system in Bulgaria.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1753
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Produktivität ; Litauen ; Economics ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Lithuania is digitalising its economy with visible success, but much scope remains for the integration of advanced technologies. The COVID-19 crisis confirmed the importance of digitalisation to sustain activity. Increased private investment in innovation is essential to speed up digitalisation. The take-up of R&D tax incentives is low, however, despite relatively generous provisions, and many smaller firms have not been inclined to innovate. More effective public support for business R&D and stronger research-business collaboration on innovation are important. There is also a need to promote digital uptake, especially among smaller firms that lag behind. Improving access to equity finance for young innovative firms, reducing remaining gaps in digital infrastructure, along with better information on digital tools and how to use them, can help smaller firms digitalise. The public sector too has to become more digitalised. Addressing weaknesses in foundational skills through education reforms and responding more effectively to labour market needs for digital skills would enable a wider adoption of advanced technologies and higher productivity growth, while ensuring that the digitalisation dividends are distributed fairly. Increased participation in adult learning, especially among the less educated, is the way forward to adapt to increased job automation in the digital era.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.293
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper documents the development and piloting of the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. The OECD Skills Profiling Tool assesses three types of skills: occupation-specific skills; foundational skills (literacy, numeracy and digital skills); and a set of noncognitive skills using academically validated self-reported tests. After completion of the assessment, the OECD Skills Profiling Tool generates two sets of results: a personalised skill profile, which can be benchmarked against other users; and a list of suggested occupations that make use of those skills. In December 2021, 270 users and 38 career guidance counsellors in Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru tested the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. This paper describes the selection of assessment instruments, the methodology used to generate the results provided by the OECD Skills Profiling Tool and the outcomes of the piloting phase of the tool.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.273
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the evolving nature of digital trade and digital trade policies. It shows that digital trade has been growing faster than “non-digital” trade. By 2018, 24% of global trade (USD 5.1 trillion) could be considered digital trade. In parallel, countries have embraced digital trade provisions in trade agreements and new digital economy agreements have emerged. The empirical analysis shows that growing digital connectivity delivers a double dividend, increasing both domestic and international trade. It also shows that digital trade chapters have the potential to double the effect of trade agreements, while reductions in domestic barriers affecting digital trade have a strong export-enhancing effect, particularly in digitally-deliverable services. Overall, the results suggest that digital connectivity and digital trade policies play a significant and growing role in reducing trade costs and increasing trade across countries at all levels of development. The paper calls for wider participation and ambition in discussions at the WTO.
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1784
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Croatia’s labour market has made important progress over the past decade. Employment rates are rising, reducing the gap with OECD countries, and poverty has fallen. While important weaknesses remain, many dimensions of equity and working conditions are similar to OECD countries. Continuing this progress is essential for Croatia’s incomes and well-being to converge with OECD countries, to counter accelerating population ageing and to make the most of emerging opportunities, including from digitalisation and the green economy transition. For employers, filling increasingly advanced skill needs is a growing obstacle. Relatively few of the young and older adults are in work – contributing to weakening skills, lower incomes and higher poverty risks. Addressing these challenges will require dramatically expanding participation in re-skilling and adult education programmes, and raising the workforce’s flexibility, for example by strengthening active labour market policies, improving the housing market’s dynamism and making the most of immigrants’ and returned emigrants’ skills. This Working Paper relates to the 2023 OECD Economic Survey of Croatia.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1772
    Keywords: Economics ; Iceland
    Abstract: Immigration has increased rapidly since the late 1990s, driven largely by strong economic growth and high standards of living. By mid-2023, foreign citizens made up around 18% of the population. This has brought important economic benefits to Iceland, including by boosting the working age population and helping the country to meet labour demands in fast-growing sectors. However, there are important challenges regarding the integration of immigrants and their children that need to be addressed through a comprehensive approach, helping to make the most of immigration. Successful labour market integration of immigrants requires more effective language training for adults and an improvement in skills recognition procedures. At the same time, immigrants need more opportunities to work in the public sector and the adult learning system should be adjusted to better encompass their training needs. Strengthening language skills is key to improving the weak educational outcomes of immigrant students. Enhancing teachers’ preparedness to accommodate students’ diverse educational needs is another pre-requisite. Strengthening integration further hinges upon meeting the housing needs of the immigrant population, including through an increase in the supply of social and affordable housing.
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.5
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD AI Principles call for AI actors to be accountable for the proper functioning of their AI systems in accordance with their role, context, and ability to act. Likewise, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises aim to minimise adverse impacts that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. To develop ‘trustworthy’ and ‘responsible’ AI systems, there is a need to identify and manage AI risks. As calls for the development of accountability mechanisms and risk management frameworks continue to grow, interoperability would enhance efficiency and reduce enforcement and compliance costs. This report provides an analysis of the commonalities of AI risk management frameworks. It demonstrates that, while some elements may sometimes differ, all the risk management frameworks analysed follow a similar and sometimes functionally equivalent risk management process.
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1766
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the impact of digitalisation on productivity in Slovenia during the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic affected overall labour productivity negatively. Nonetheless, results show that firms that were more ICT-intensive before the pandemic experienced a smaller decline in their labour productivity growth compared to their less ICT-intensive peers in the same 2-digit level sector. This resilience effect was strongest for firms that are integrated in global value chains. A second finding is that COVID-19 resulted in productivity-enhancing reallocation of labour to ICT-intensive firms, reflecting that these firms registered higher employment growth relative to their less ICT-intensive peers during the pandemic. A third finding is that high levels of state ownership in a sector was associated with less productivity-enhancing reallocation. This suggests that state-owned enterprises retained workers that could be redirected to more productive firms. Together, these findings highlight the potential of digitalisation to support resilience and stronger productivity growth, although labour market rigidities and state ownership hamper the positive impact of digitalisation.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22% and directly concerned 7% of dependent employees. The assessment is based on an individual-level analysis that follows the outcomes of workers that were employed in the year before the reform over time. Among directly affected workers, the hike in the minimum wage increased full-time equivalent monthly earnings by on average 5.8% and reduced employment by -0.6%. The wage effects are stronger for workers on open-ended contracts, while the employment effects are stronger for workers on fixed-term contracts.
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.45
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: This study provides an in-depth examination of the fiscal and governance decentralisation of long-term care (LTC) across OECD countries, offering projections of future fiscal burdens of LTC spending across levels of government. With rapid population ageing and a decrease in the supply of informal care, LTC spending has increased significantly. The paper introduces a novel methodology to estimate LTC expenditures across different government levels, including central and subnational governments. By analysing country cases, it explores the responsibilities assigned to each government level and the implications for service delivery and intergovernmental coordination. The study also discusses the overall anticipated increase of LTC expenditure to 2.3% of GDP by 2040, identifying the most impacted countries. This research contributes to our understanding of LTC systems, highlights the challenges of increasing LTC costs and provides insights for optimising governance and fiscal expenditure.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264509702 , 9789264823266 , 9789264798014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Italy
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the Umbrian economy, and despite recovery of labour demand, the region faces challenges related to digitalisation, tight labour markets, and volatile demand for low-skilled jobs. To address these issues, the OECD and the Umbrian regional agency for active labour market policies (ARPAL) have collaborated to investigate the labour and skills demand of the region using big data techniques applied to online job postings. This report provides new insights into the alignment between labour and skills demand and the training options available in the training and education programmes contained in the Umbrian Regional Training Catalogue. This report builds new indicators to measure the alignment of course content with employer demands in Umbria, with results showing that alignment is relatively good for some occupations but that this can be strengthened to provide job seekers with up-to-date training options that match the demand of the labour market.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/09
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper maps “who does what” across levels of government in OECD countries in relation to active labour market policies (ALMPs), with a focus on the role of subnational governments. It highlights recent reforms in the multi-level governance of ALMPs in a number of countries, and shows that in about two out of five OECD countries, subnational governments have some type of formal competences for delivering ALMPs. It also shows other ways subnational governments are commonly involved in such policies. This includes delivering their own labour market programmes, often targeted to those farthest from the labour market or facing multiple barriers to employment. Finally, it considers some of the benefits and drawbacks of more decentralised approaches to ALMPs and offers some general principles for managing these trade-offs across different types of governance systems.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The System of Environmental Economic Accounting Central Framework (SEEA CF) was adopted in 2012. In one decade, it has expanded to 92 countries, including most OECD countries. However, there is still work to be done by national statistics producers to increase the use of SEEA statistics. This paper focuses on the SEEA stocks and flows accounts, providing examples of where they are already used to support public policy making in high-priority areas such as climate change, environmental sustainability, the circular economy, and management of ecosystems and freshwater, as well as feeding into indicators, dashboards and other frameworks. Although these examples show that SEEA statistics are already informing public policy making in many countries, there are still important “influence gaps”. The second part of this paper discusses why these gaps exist and what can be done about them.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
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  • 50
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264979000 , 9789264390928 , 9789264848375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Kleine Inselentwicklungsländer ; Guadeloupe ; Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Located in the Caribbean Sea, Guadeloupe is a French Overseas Department and a European Outermost Region in search of a more sustainable economic development pathway. In support of that endeavour, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight looks at the region's opportunities and challenges, identifying priority actions in several areas, including the bio- and circular economy, creative sectors and renewable energies. The Spotlight enriches our understanding of the diversity of development pathways, including those of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It is the result of an extensive peer-review process involving public and private stakeholders from Colombia, Caribbean countries and other EU outermost regions.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.349
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Malawi ; Peru ; South Africa
    Abstract: Using panel data for Indonesia, Malawi, Peru and South Africa, this paper investigates the relationship between transitions to formal employment and workers' labour income. It shows that transiting from informal to formal employment increases the probability of improving workers' labour income in both absolute and relative terms. However, income gains from formalisation do not accrue to all workers equally. Switching to formal employment has the greatest potential to improve the labour income of the richest workers. The chances of improving the labour income of the poorest workers through formalisation are slim. Transitions between formal and informal employment affect income gains and losses differently for men and women, older and younger workers, and workers with different levels of schooling. The effects of labour market transitions on income changes are considerably greater in magnitude than other life events such as a births, separation, or death of a partner or spouse.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.157
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The impact of productivity on employment remains uncertain, particularly in light of growing concerns regarding potential negative effects of technological progress on labour demand. This report uses harmonised and comparable data from 13 countries spanning the last two decades to comprehensively analyse how productivity growth affects employment dynamics at various levels of aggregation. The study's findings highlight a positive correlation between productivity growth and employment as well as wage growth, both at the firm level and on a broader scale. This outcome arises from counteracting mechanisms and heterogeneous dynamics across different groups of firms. The findings have relevant policy implications: productivity is not just an isolated key economic objective, but well-designed and complementary policies can also help convert technological and organisational change into higher employment and wage growth.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) extensions on jobseeker households in selected US states and examines how these extensions compare to the pre-pandemic policies. The analysis finds that PUA extensions increase benefit duration for all jobseekers, but due to interactions between other government benefits, this translates to significant increases in benefit generosity only for jobseekers without children. This has an impact on the financial incentives to take up employment, although incentives are still above the OECD average. PUA extensions have little impact for people who have been unemployed for a very long time, and jobseekers with no recent contribution history. PUA extensions also have minimal impact on jobless families with children who continue to receive less support compared to other OECD countries.
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264836433 , 9789264926899 , 9789264376175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gender Equality at Work
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Igualdad de género en Colombia : Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Bildungsabschluss ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Hausarbeit ; Kolumbien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Colombia
    Abstract: The OECD review of Gender Equality in Colombia: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work is the third in a collection of reports focusing on Latin American and the Caribbean countries, and part of the series Gender Equality at Work. The report compares gender gaps in labour and educational outcomes in Colombia with other countries. Particular attention is put on the uneven distribution of unpaid work, and the extra burden this places on women. It investigates how policies and programmes in Colombia can make this distribution more equitable. The first part of the report reviews the evidence on gender gaps and on what causes these, including the role played by attitudes. The second part develops a comprehensive framework to address these challenges, presenting a broad range of options to reduce the unpaid work burden falling on women, and to increase women's labour income. Earlier reviews in the same collection have looked at gender equality policies in Chile (2021) and Peru (2022).
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: School destructions, population displacement or school closures mean that children in Ukraine have experienced varied disruptions in their education experience. Interventions that seek to reduce the variation in student learning levels need to accompany efforts to resume learning and deliver high-quality education for all. This brief puts the focus on academic interventions Ukraine could introduce to support learning recovery. It first examines strategies for assessing students’ skill levels and identifying potential learning losses in the current context. It then focuses on academic strategies the Ministry of Education can implement in the short and medium-term to help students recover lost learning opportunities, including adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, adapting the time of instruction, providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. The brief concludes by putting forward a range of policy responses that can enhance the long-term effectiveness of learning recovery strategies in Ukraine.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1771
    Keywords: Economics ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Dutch labour market is strong but very tight. The unprecedently fast recovery from the pandemic, fast-changing skill demand, low hours worked, and the segmentation of the labour market contribute to labour shortages, weighing on growth potential and jeopardising the green and digital transitions. To tackle shortages, lifting labour supply is a necessary complement to raising productivity, as labour-saving innovation alone is unlikely to significantly reduce overall labour demand. Lowering the effective tax rate on moving from part-time to full-time employment and streamlining income-dependent benefits while improving access to childcare would both increase labour input and reduce gender inequalities in career prospects, incomes, and social protection. Narrowing regulatory gaps between regular and non-standard forms of employment further would alleviate shortages by facilitating transitions between occupations. Better integrating people with a migrant background and easing medium-skill labour migration in specific occupations would help to fill vacancies, especially those related to the lowcarbon transition. Scaling up the individualised training scheme while ensuring quality and providing stronger incentives for co-financing by employers would boost the supply of skills and promote growth in expanding industries. Rewarding teachers in schools where shortages are significant and facilitating mobility between vocational and academic tracks would improve equality in education and better prepare the future workforce.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.44
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper analyses persistence and change in the regional league table of entrepreneurship performance in the United States in comparison with England and Wales and West Germany. It examines whether regional rankings in start-up and self-employment rates in the United States are as sticky over time as in these European countries over approximately century, half-century and 30-year periods, or whether the United States is different. It identifies the types of regions that improve markedly ("leapfroggers") or decline sharply ("plungers") in their league table positions and the reasons for these changes and compares the countries on these issues. The paper draws out policy implications on regional levelling-up of entrepreneurship activity. It also sets out an agenda for further research.
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264375505
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Peru 2023
    Keywords: Economics ; Peru
    Abstract: El sólido marco macroeconómico de Perú ha impulsado un crecimiento económico sustancial y la reducción de la pobreza en las últimas dos décadas. Si bien la economía se recuperó rápidamente de la pandemia, esta reveló debilidades estructurales, como la alta informalidad y marcadas disparidades regionales en el acceso a servicios públicos. Más recientemente, el crecimiento se ha desacelerado y la inflación sigue siendo alta aunque está disminuyendo. Mirando hacia el futuro, los principales desafíos para aumentar la productividad y la inversión incluyen fortalecer la competencia, mejorar el marco regulatorio, diversificar las exportaciones y mejorar la infraestructura. Mejoras en la gobernanza y el estado de derecho son pilares esenciales para lograr un crecimiento sostenible a largo plazo y la cohesión social. Expandir el acceso a una educación de calidad, reducir las contribuciones sociales, especialmente para los trabajadores de bajos ingresos, y proporcionar un nivel básico de protección social universal para todos los trabajadores, formales e informales por igual, ayudaría a reducir la amplia informalidad y las desigualdades. Esto requerirá aumentar los ingresos tributarios y mejorar la eficiencia del gasto. Los desafíos y riesgos ambientales son importantes, pero también ofrecen oportunidades significativas para el futuro. Para abordar los desafíos ambientales, Perú necesita frenar la deforestación y aprovechar su potencial de energía renovable para reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles. CARACTERÍSTICAS ESPECIALES: AUMENTAR LA PRODUCTIVIDAD, AMPLIAR LA PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL, REDUCIR LA INFORMALIDAD LABORAL
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.299
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the association of labour market outcomes and family policies with fertility trends between 2002 and 2019 in 26 OECD countries. While the average age of mothers at birth of their children continued to increase over the entire period, these years have been marked by an initial catching-up of total fertility rates after marked declines in previous decades. Furthermore, after peaking in 2008, total fertility rates declined substantially, fueling concerns about demographic, economic and fiscal implications. Using panel data models and building on prior work, this paper links these changes in fertility outcomes to changes in the labour market position of men and women as well as with changes in family policies, such as parental leaves and early childhood education and care. This paper provides insights into the complex dynamics between family policies, employment and fertility, shedding light on the factors influencing overall population dynamics in OECD countries.
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Working towards dual intent integration of Ukrainian refugees
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Le déplacement des ukrainiens dans les pays de l’OCDE s’inscrivant dans la durée, une aide supplémentaire à l’intégration est nécessaire pour parvenir à des résultats adéquats, mais la nature et la portée de cette aide peuvent ne pas correspondre aux pratiques d’intégration habituelles car il est probable que de nombreux réfugiés voudront vouloir rentrer chez eux lorsque la situation le permettra. Au vu de ces besoins apparemment contradictoires, adopter une approche de l’intégration visant un double objectif permettrait de prévoir à la fois la possibilité d’un séjour d’une durée indéterminée dans le pays d’accueil et celle d’un retour des réfugiés en Ukraine, tout en s'attachant à minimiser les éventuels obstacles au retour.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.9
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration in the pace of AI innovation in recent years and the advent of content generating capabilities (Generative AI or GenAI) have increased interest in AI innovation in finance, in part due to the user-friendliness and intuitive interface of GenAI tools. The use of AI in financial markets involving full end-to-end automation without any human intervention remains largely at development phase, but its wider deployment could amplify risks already present in financial markets and give rise to new challenges. This paper presents recent evolutions in AI in finance and potential risks and discusses whether policy makers may need to reinforce policies and strengthen protection against these risks.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes the latest update of the OECD’s long-term scenarios, which are done every 2-3 years to quantify some of the most important long-term macroeconomic trends and policy challenges facing the global economy. For the first time, this update incorporates the effect of the low-carbon energy transition. The study first presents a baseline projection that acts as a business-as-usual scenario against which the economic effects of the transition can be gauged. Next, it outlines extensions to the OECD global long-term model (LTM) to consider energy use and associated CO2 emissions and describes an alternative stylised scenario in which OECD and non-OECD G20 countries successfully transition to low-carbon energy in a way broadly consistent with a net-zero target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. These extensions rely on a variety of sources, but most crucially on simulations of CO2 mitigation costs with the OECD’s ENV-Linkages model. Finally, the model’s extensions are used to explore some fiscal implications of the energy transition, in particular how the negative economic effects of carbon mitigation could be alleviated by fiscal or other structural reforms.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1785
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study investigates the capacity of governments to reallocate spending across different functions of the government. It mobilises the COFOG dataset for the period 1996 - 2017, which allows comparing public spending mixes at detailed levels in ways that are consistent across countries and over time. Three main empirical findings are established. Firstly, countries differ in their propensity to reallocate public spending across functions and countries that reallocate more are also countries with sounder governance and tighter fiscal rules in place. Secondly, obstacles to reallocation are identified, with governments avoiding nominal cuts, especially in health and social expenditures. Thirdly, while the analysis underlines some degree of convergence among OECD countries in terms of public spending allocation, this convergence is not universal. A cluster of Nordic countries persists, and Greece is identified as diverging from the rest of countries included in the sample.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.7
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: People with disability face persisting difficulties in the labour market. There are concerns that AI, if managed poorly, could further exacerbate these challenges. Yet, AI also has the potential to create more inclusive and accommodating environments and might help remove some of the barriers faced by people with disability in the labour market. Building on interviews with more than 70 stakeholders, this report explores the potential of AI to foster employment for people with disability, accounting for both the transformative possibilities of AI-powered solutions and the risks attached to the increased use of AI for people with disability. It also identifies obstacles hindering the use of AI and discusses what governments could do to avoid the risks and seize the opportunities of using AI to support people with disability in the labour market.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce document présente une vue d'ensemble des chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE (RUP de l'UE). Il évalue les tendances émergentes, discute des opportunités et des défis, examine les cadres politiques et les outils qui peuvent renforcer la participation bénéfique des RUP de l'UE dans les chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires internationales, et propose des actions prioritaires. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264380394 , 9789264906037 , 9789264741188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: The Policy Guide on Legal Frameworks for the Social and Solidarity Economy aims to support countries, regions and cities wishing to use legal frameworks as an appropriate lever to develop conducive social and solidarity economy (SSE) ecosystems. Building on data and information as well as good practice examples from over 33 countries, it provides step-by-step guidance, success factors and "pitfalls to avoid" to help policy makers i) assess why and when legal frameworks for the SSE are needed; ii) select legal options and involve stakeholders; iii) evaluate the performance of laws, and, iv) foster international peer learning on this topic. The guide also capitalises on learnings from the scoping paper on Legal frameworks for the social and solidarity economy, prepared as part of the OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems”, funded by the European Union’s Foreign Partnership Instrument and Designing Legal Frameworks for Social Enterprises: Practical Guidance for Policy Makers.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1754
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Tschechien ; Economics ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The Czech economy is very carbon-intensive and has among the highest greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP in the OECD. Getting on the path towards net zero will require rapid emission reductions over the coming decades. Coal still makes up close to one third of the energy supply and the government has pledged to phase it out by 2033, which will require a swift expansion in the use of renewable energy sources as well as increased energy efficiency. This can be achieved by adopting a comprehensive policy package that includes widely applied carbon pricing, incentives to raise energy efficiency, spending on renewable energy and cutting red tape hindering green investments. Compensating policies and adjustment support will be essential to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of climate policies and to increase public support. Active labour market policies including higher spending on re-training for the unemployed is key to facilitate the green transition.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1751
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The housing sector is one of the main sources of CO2 emissions in OECD countries, accounting for over a quarter of the total. Robust and rapid action is required to reach the net zero emission target by 2050. Decarbonising housing involves halting the use of fossil fuels in homes, ensuring that electricity is generated from carbon-free sources, using high-energy-efficiency appliances and heating systems, ensuring effective insulation and encouraging behavioural changes. This paper discusses which policy instruments can prompt this transformation of the housing sector, ranging from carbon pricing through energy labelling requirements to green housing finance.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264335257 , 9789264734159 , 9789264355200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Lebenslanges Lernen ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: The deep and rapid changes in the world of work driven by the digital and green transformations as well as population ageing have been associated with greater job instability, with potential costs for companies, workers and society. The unprecedented labour and skill shortages that emerged during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic have raised further the importance of developing and retaining talent. In the context of a more age-diverse workforce, addressing this challenge will require better working conditions, greater investments in training and tackling difficulties in reconciling work with health issues and caring responsibilities. This report presents evidence on recent trends in job tenure and employee turnover, how they have changed due to the COVID-19 shock and sheds light on why employees quit their jobs. It identifies key employer and public policies that can support increased employment retention through better job quality, health at the workplace, and training and skills.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.301
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Two out of five OECD countries contract out some of the job brokerage and counselling functions of publicly financed employment services using outcome-based payment models. This paper examines several important aspects related to the design and implementation of such outsourcing. First, innovative payment models can improve incentives for external providers to offer training and more effective services for hard-to-place clients. Second, providing forward guidance to providers and accounting for contingencies can mitigate their risks, e.g. of being underpaid relative to expenses incurred, thus lowering service costs. Third, letting individuals choose a provider can result in services that are better tailored and foster ongoing competition between providers. Finally, automating data exchange can, somewhat paradoxically, improve data privacy and data protection while enabling new payment models. These and related findings are discussed with country examples based on desk research and interviews with stakeholders in several OECD countries. The paper builds on work conducted in the project “Reforming the Swedish Public Employment Service”, which was carried out with funding from the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument and was implemented by the OECD in cooperation with the European Commission's Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.300
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Long-term unemployment remains a structural challenge for most OECD countries. Despite major efforts to address this issue, the efficiency and effectiveness of many existing active labour market policies are limited for jobseekers who face major vulnerabilities and have no ties to the labour market. Therefore, there is a need for innovative approaches that specifically address the barriers faced by long-term unemployed individuals in their labour market (re)integration. This paper discusses examples of promising practices from across Europe, which can serve as a source of inspiration for policymakers seeking new approaches to assist vulnerable jobseekers in overcoming the challenge of long-term unemployment.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.139
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    Abstract: This report analyses the trends in Finnish productivity growth over the 2000s and 2010s. It describes its key features, makes comparisons to a benchmark of 16 OECD countries, and studies the causes of its sudden and prolonged slowdown which began at the end of the 2000s. The analysis focuses on the role of two contemporaneous demand shocks that hit the Finnish economy: the Nokia crisis and the Great Trade Collapse of 2009. Matching detailed firm-based information on structural characteristics of productivity growth with global input-output tables and National Accounts data, the report highlights how the prolonged drop in demand from the domestic computer and electronics sector may have induced a persistent drag on Finnish productivity growth. The report concludes with policy implications to strengthen Finnish resilience to idiosyncratic shocks to key sectors or large firms, while supporting long-term productivity growth and competitiveness.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264385801 , 9789264710856 , 9789264851085
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Evaluation is the foundation of evidence-based policy. Yet there is a dearth of reliable impact evaluation in the area of SME and entrepreneurship policy. This publication issues OECD guidance on how governments can promote reliable SME and entrepreneurship policy evaluation. It emphasises practices including using control groups, setting clear policy objectives and targets and accounting for business survival and non-survival. It shows that reliable evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policy is increasingly accessible given improvements in data and techniques in recent years and illustrates this with examples of 50 reliable evaluations across many SME and entrepreneurship policy areas and 28 OECD countries. Overall, the publication issues a call for more systematic and reliable evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policies following the guidance offered. The publication also examines the findings of reliable evaluations internationally, including meta evaluations. The evidence is mixed but generally more robust and consistent for policies to improve access to finance than in the provision of training and advisory services. Some policies have positive impacts on key measures whereas others do not. The reasons are explored, including variations in the targeting of policies and in policy delivery approaches.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.285
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of existing data and research on the gendered dimension of teleworking, to foster efficient data collection and evidence-based monitoring of the phenomenon in the future. Analysing existing data on work from home, teleworking, teleworkability and preferences for work from home highlights the need for a consistently defined teleworking concept to be used across sources. A literature review of existing results finds mixed effects of teleworking on work-life balance inequalities, on the gender wage gap, and on gender disparities in career progression. Prevailing gender norms are likely to mediate the effect of teleworking on all three outcomes and should be a focus of future research.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.287
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides representative, cross-country estimates of the artificial intelligence (AI) workforce across OECD countries. The AI workforce is defined as the subset of workers with skills in statistics, computer science and machine learning who could actively develop and maintain AI systems. For countries that wish to be at the forefront of AI development, understanding the AI workforce is crucial to building and nurturing a talent pipeline, and ensuring that those who create AI reflect the diversity of society. This report uses data from online job vacancies to measure the within-occupation intensity of AI skill demand. The within-occupation AI intensity is then weighted to employment by occupation in labour force surveys to provide estimates of the size and growth of the AI workforce over time.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of capital and multifactor productivity (MFP) measurement to asset depreciation patterns and initial capital stock estimates. Applying the same depreciation rates in the US as in other G7 countries would reduce the US net investment rate and net capital stock by up to one third and increase US GDP by up to 0.5%. Capital and MFP growth would be less affected. Estimating initial capital stocks often involves assuming constant investment growth, but this leads to unreliable results. Relying on average K/Y ratios across countries works well for the US, but this might not be the case for other countries due to the international dispersion in K/Y ratios. Two main recommendations for statistical agencies emerge from this analysis. First, they should regularly review asset depreciation patterns to ensure that measured differences across countries are well justified. Second, they should backcast investment series as much as possible before relying on stationarity assumptions to estimate initial capital stocks.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.350
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This paper exploits the information available in the OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIBIH) to shed light on several elements that could help inform national strategies for the extension of social protection to workers in the informal economy. It provides an assessment of current social protection coverage of informal workers throughout a large sample of developing and emerging economies and proposes a statistical framework to examine country-specific data, upon which a strategy for extending social protection to informal workers could be articulated. While the paper does not intend to provide detailed country-level recommendations, it highlights a number of important findings and policy directions as regards the way to extend non-contributory and contributory schemes to informal workers.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264896529 , 9789264426542 , 9789264755970
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire, mars 2023 : Une reprise fragile
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report March 2023: A Fragile Recovery
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le prospettive economiche a breve termine sono migliorate, aiutate dal calo dei prezzi delle materie prime e dalla riapertura della Cina. La crescita globale è destinata a crescere moderatamente e l’inflazione a calare gradualmente. Tuttavia, i rischi al ribasso sono ancora predominanti. Il Rapporto intermedio sottolinea che la ripresa rimane fragile, caratterizzata da rischi fondamentali derivanti dalle incertezze relative alla guerra in Ucraina e agli sviluppi del mercato energetico, nonché da notevoli vulnerabilità finanziarie. Occorrono misure politiche ben strutturate per ridurre le pressioni inflazionistiche, garantire un migliore orientamento del sostegno alla politica di bilancio e rilanciare la crescita sostenibile. Il Rapporto intermedio fornisce un aggiornamento delle valutazioni riportate nell’edizione di novembre 2022 delle Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE (numero 112).
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: New OECD surveys of employers and workers in the manufacturing and finance sectors of seven countries shed new light on the impact that Artificial Intelligence has on the workplace —an under-researched area to date due to lack of data. The findings suggest that both workers and their employers are generally very positive about the impact of AI on performance and working conditions. However, there are also concerns, including about job loss—an issue that should be closely monitored. The surveys also indicate that, while many workers trust their employers when it comes to the implementation of AI in the workplace, more can be done to improve trust. In particular, the surveys show that both training and worker consultation are associated with better outcomes for workers.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.265
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Amidst the recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has resulted in new challenges to the global economy and to international trade. This report relies on detailed trade data to assess the impact of these two overlapping shocks on international trade and supply chains. In February 2022, global trade was approaching pre-Covid levels in absolute terms, but with a different product and geographical composition resulting in a continued sense of tension in the trading system. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has added a new dimension of challenges as it has led to deliberate radical interruptions of trade linkages between Russia, Ukraine and many industrialised economies, with significant repercussions on prices of key commodities in the energy and agricultural sectors.
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  • 81
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Le Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique aborde la dimension économique et sociale de la cybersécurité, souligne l'approche de l'OCDE en matière de politiques publiques de sécurité numérique, et permet aux décideurs d'utiliser les Recommandations de l'OCDE dans ce domaine. Le Cadre identifie également les liens entre les normes de sécurité numérique et d'autres normes et outils de l'OCDE. L'OCDE est à l'avant-garde des efforts internationaux pour guider les décideurs dans le domaine des politiques publiques de sécurité numérique depuis 1990. L'OCDE est devenue la première instance internationale normalisatrice dans ce domaine. Les Recommandations de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique soutiennent les parties prenantes dans l'élaboration de politiques visant la prospérité économique et sociale, en accord avec la mission de l'OCDE d'aider les gouvernements à élaborer des "politiques meilleures pour des vies meilleures".
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031300585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 147 p. 26 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: New business enterprises—Finance. ; Economics—Psychological aspects. ; Financial engineering. ; Valuation. ; Econometrics. ; New business enterprises ; Economics ; Equity crowdfunding ; Fintech ; Entrepreneurial finance ; New ventures success ; Signaling theory ; Data mining ; ECF platforms Equity crowdfunding platforms ; observational learning theory ; herd behavior
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction: what is equity crowdfunding and how can the decision-making process of retail investors be outlined? -- Chapter 2. About entrepreneurial finance and factors affecting crowd-investor preferences -- Chapter 3. Definition and description of the analytical process: a data mining approach -- Chapter 4. Sample selection and platform characteristics -- Chapter 5. Data analysis and econometric models -- Chapter 6. Empirical results -- Chapter 7. Conclusions and contributions to theory and practice.
    Abstract: This book aims at providing an empirical understanding of the main drivers affecting investors’ preferences in financing new ventures through equity crowdfunding (ECF) and determining fundraising campaign success. ECF is increasing in prominence as a route for new ventures in obtaining external financial resources. To raise capital, entrepreneurs are required to convey quality signals of their proposals with real-time information and knowledge sharing. This book advances knowledge in entrepreneurial finance by investigating the factors that affect individuals’ decisions to participate in ECF. The authors adopt a data mining approach to extract publicly available information from a multitude of crowdfunding platforms across different countries, producing a unique dataset. The book uses an innovative hybrid analysis to generate knowledge patterns creating data-driven models on one hand, and on the other test research hypotheses adopting statistical models to investigate empirical evidence in line, or in contrast, with the extant literature. The book also integrates organizational theories to examine the extent to which ECF platform managers follow a strategy of isomorphism in their choice of information disclosure. The final part of the book discusses how signals are interpreted by investors, how these affect financing preferences, and ultimately the successful completion of a fundraising campaign. The book will be of interest to academics and practitioners in entrepreneurial finance, FinTech, and investment behaviour. Francesco James Mazzocchini, Ph.D., is postdoctoral research fellow in Banking and Financial Markets at the Department of Management, Marche Polytechnic University – Italy. His scientific interests are in the fields of behavioural finance, decision-making under risk, FinTech, innovative financing, and entrepreneurial finance. Caterina Lucarelli is Full Professor of Banking and Financial Markets at the Department of Management, Marche Polytechnic University – Italy. Her scientific interests are in the fields of market microstructure, investors’ behaviour, decision-making under risk, gender diversity, entrepreneurship and sustainable finance. Since 2007, as National Coordinator of a Research Project supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, she has cooperated with psychologist and neuroscientists to study individual risk tolerance.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9783031392108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 207 p.)
    Series Statement: The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Origins and change of the social market economy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economics ; Economic policy. ; Social policy. ; Economics. ; World politics. ; German political history ; Wilhelm Röpke ; Walter Eucken ; Social Market Economy doctrine ; Ordoliberalism ; Alfred Müller-Armack ; Franz Böhm ; Keynesianism ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Deutschland ; Soziale Marktwirtschaft
    Abstract: Introduction -- Origins and Change in the Concept of Social Market Economy -- The end of laissez-faire“ – Keynes and Ordoliberalism -- The end of laissez-faire -- Wilhelm Röpke’s ecological Social Market Economy -- Goetz Briefs’ socially tempered capitalism -- Health Policies in the Social Market Economy -- The Muthesius Circle: Financial Journalism in the 1950s -- Social Market Economy and Human Rights – A Global Perspective -- The ownership concept in the “Socialist” Political Economy.
    Abstract: This edited volume addresses the theoretical and historical foundations of the German Social Market Economy. Written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the Social Market Economy, chapter contributions discuss the ideas of its theoretical founders—Walter Eucken, Alfred Müller-Armack, Wilhelm Röpke, and Franz Böhm--as well as related influences such as Ordoliberalism, the historical school of economics, and the Catholic social doctrine. In addition, chapters analyze differences and parallels to alternative policy concepts, in particular Keynesianism. Finally, the volume turns toward contemporary discussions of the Social Market Economy in the present political and economic context, specifically its ability to cope with current challenges. Providing rich context for the establishment of Germany’s contemporary economic system, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of political, social and economic systems, the history of economic thought, and political history.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9783031317026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 324 p. 50 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dinga, Emil, 1956 - Economic and financial market behaviour
    Keywords: Finance. ; Economics ; Economics. ; Social choice. ; Evolutionary economics. ; Institutional economics. ; Economic autopoietics ; Evolutionary economics ; Financial fitness ; Autopoietic market hypothesis ; Economic market development ; Integral utility ; Economic fitness ; Financial market development
    Abstract: 1. Social Selection in the Financial Market -- 2. Economic models and financial fitness -- 3. Autopoietic Market Hypothesis -- 4. Autopoiesis – a propaedeutic -- 5. Designing of the autopoietic economic model for financial markets.
    Abstract: This book explores the interplay between financial markets, economic systems, and society. Through introducing the concept of autopoiesis, based on the newly conceived Autopoietic Market Hypothesis, ideas of evolution are applied to financial markets to highlights the ways in which economic systems change as they are subject to social selection. By placing this perspective on financial markets, economic development and flows are seen as part of a living system that is influenced by social and political trends. Ideas of integral utility, the logical model of autopoietic financial markets, economic fitness, and the mutation of economic markets are also discussed. This book presents a new and distinctive perspective on financial markets and economic systems. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and policymakers working within financial economics. Emil Dinga is an Economist at the Romanian Academy. Camelia Oprean-Stan is an Economist at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu. Cristina Roxana Tănăsescu is an Economist at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu. Vasile Brătian is an Economist at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu. Gabriela-Mariana Ionescu is an Economist at the Romanian Academy.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031264863
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 95 p. 1 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics—Psychological aspects. ; Literature—Philosophy. ; Economics. ; Macroeconomics. ; Economic development. ; Microeconomics. ; Economics ; Literature ; perfect competition ; macroeconomics ; international trade ; economic growth and development ; demand and supply ; monetary theory ; behavioural economics ; pricing ; labour markets ; game theory ; fiscal policies ; information economics ; English literature ; economic themes in literature ; Literature and Economics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Price of Oysters (demand and supply) -- 3. When You’ve Got to Go, You’ve Got to Go (pricing) -- 4. The Competition is Tough (perfect competition) -- 5. Why Trade is Good 1 (economic welfare) -- 6. Last Copy, Sir: Double Price (monopoly) -- 7. The Kursaal Flyers (game theory and oligopoly) -- 8. Gizza Job (labour markets) -- 9. Greta’s Expectations (externalities and the environment) -- 10. Why Trade is Good 2 (international trade) -- 11. Well, What Do You Know? (information economics) -- 12. Don’t Behave Like That (behavioural economics) -- 13. The Swings and Roundabouts of Outrageous Fortune (business cycles) -- 14. If It Moves, Tax It (fiscal policy) -- 15. The Employers and the Employed (unemployment) -- 16. Interesting Times (monetary policy) -- 17. From Small Things, Big Things Come (modern approaches to macroeconomics) -- 18. Growing Pains (economic growth).
    Abstract: This book provides an engaging introduction to economics through a literary lens. Drawing on writers such as James Joyce, George Eliot, Edith Wharton, Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, and Elizabeth Gaskell, each chapter is framed around a quote from a classic text of English literature that helps tease out a key economic concept and demonstrate its broader relevance. While rigorous, the book is virtually free of technical language and aims to give a concise overview of all the main topics in contemporary economics – from supply and demand, pricing, labour markets, externalities, and game theory, to environmental and behavioural economics, fiscal policy and business cycles, modern approaches to macroeconomics and economic growth. Interweaving literary examples with easy-to-follow explanations and reflective tasks, the book takes an interdisciplinary approach to economics and literature that requires no prior knowledge in either camp, but which illuminates patterns of real-world behaviour observed by novelists and economists alike. This concise and accessible book will be a valuable tool for students embarking on introductory economics courses, economics modules in business studies, and interdisciplinary courses more broadly, as well as the general reader interested in building their knowledge of economics. Geraint Johnes is Emeritus Professor of Economics at Lancaster University, and has also worked at Dartmouth College New Hampshire, Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, the Australian National Univeristy, and Beijing Normal University. He has also served as director of the London-based think-tank, the Work Foundation, and is regularly in demand as an economic commentator on global TV news channels including the BBC, ITV, Al Jazeera, Deutsche Welle, and France 24. He was founding editor of the journal, Education Economics, and was previously editor also of the International Journal of Manpower. He is author of numerous articles in major journals, and has authored and edited books most recently including the Handbook of Contemporary Education Economics (Edward Elgar, 2017).
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031278600
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 562 p. 65 illus., 51 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Management Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics—Psychological aspects. ; Finance. ; Financial engineering. ; Commercial law. ; Economics ; Law ; Behavioural finance ; Islamic Finance ; Innovation ; Green Finance ; Sustainability ; Sustainable Finance ; FinTech ; Financial innovation ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Analysis of Acceptance’ Level of Takaful Products in Iran -- Chapter 2. Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting the Demand ‎for Takaful Insurance in Iran -- Chapter 3. Nafsul Ihtisab Change Agility: A Foundation to Spread ‎the Spirit of Change -- Chapter 4. The Conceptual Framework of Mustahiq Entrepreneurs’ Welfare in Productive Zakat Empowerment (Sharia Maqasid Approach) -- Chapter 5. Economic Empowerment of Islamic Boarding Schools Through Optimization of Halal Value Chain: A Conceptual Offer -- Chapter 6. Developing Conceptual Framework for Public-private Partnership Projects via Mobilization of Islamic Finance in Indonesia -- Chapter 7. Takaful on Covid-19 Coverage: Case ‎study of Malaysian’s General Takaful ‎operators ‎ -- Chapter 8. The Impact of Islamic Branding on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable -- Chapter 9. Role of Islamic Microfinance in Enhancing Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh: A Systematic Literature Review -- Chapter 10. The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Metaverse: A New Challenge on Personal Data Protection in the Financial System -- Chapter 11. The Application of Mobile Banking Services by Malaysian Islamic Banks an Evaluation on the Customers' Main Concerns -- Chapter 12. Islamic Equity Financing as a Financial Inclusion Enabler: Nigeria in Spectrum -- Chapter 13. Financial Inclusion in Somalia Between Reality and Expectations -- Chapter 14. Potential of Islamic Microfinance: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward -- Chapter 15. The Role of Financial Behaviour, Financial Stress and Financial Well-being Towards Islamic Financial Literacy -- Chapter 16. An Analysis of the Impact of Islamic Microfinance Among Asnaf -- Chapter 17. Rectifying the Downsides Pension Fund with the Critical Analysis of Triangle Justice Ecosystem: A Comparative Case Study in Indonesia and Malaysia -- Chapter 18. The Effect of Financing Distribution on NPF in Islamic Banking: A Short and Long-term ECM Analysis -- Chapter 19. Intention to Participate in Microtakaful Scheme Among Poor Family: A Case Study on East Java Province -- Chapter 20. The Rahn Practices by the Real Estate Agencies in Afghanistan: The Sharia and Legal Analysis -- Chapter 21. Improving Microtakaful Offering Through Stakeholders’ Collaboration: Critical Analysis Using Systematic Literature Review -- Chapter 22. Sukuk’s Role in Financing Infrastructural Development During Covid-19 Pandemic in Nigeria -- Chapter 23. Identifying Factors of Financial Exclusion of Rural Farmers: Case Study in Ulu Dong Raub, Pahang -- Chapter 24. Roles of Islamic Financial Literacy on Financial Decision Making: Building a Conceptual Framework Based on Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory -- Chapter 25. An Evaluation of Cash Waqf Deposit Performance Through Islamic Banks in Bangladesh -- Chapter 26. Takaful Plan for E-hailing: A Comparison Between the Available Private Motor Takaful in Malaysia -- Chapter 27. The Role of Religiosity and Hard Working on Human Resources Performance Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil Ummat Sejahtera Abadi -- Chapter 28. Improving Business Success Through the Use of Accounting Information and Business Capital Management -- Chapter 29. Islamic Communication in Outbound Management Training -- Chapter 30. Addressing Negative Spill-over Effects of Overcrowding in Malaysian Prisons: Can Islamic Financial Institutions Play a Role? -- Chapter 31. Evaluation on the Practice of Ijarah for Vehicle Financing and Its Regulation in Islamic Financial Institutions in Sri Lanka -- Chapter 32. Enhancing Access to Finance Amongst Asnaf Micro Entrepreneurs: How Can Islamic Fintech in Zakat Institutions Play a Role? -- Chapter 33. Optimizing Digitalpreneurship Through Digital Skills and Platform Strategy on MSMEs in Central Java -- Chapter 34. Sharia Investment Decision-making: Gender Lens Investing, Fear of Missing Out, and Islamic Financial Literation -- Chapter 35. How Do Islamic Banks Report and Distribute Zakat in Malaysia? -- Chapter 36. The Role of Libyan Zakat Foundation in the ‎achievement of Social and Economic Development ‎‎(Zliten Zakat Foundation as a Model)‎ -- Chapter 37. Islamicity and Reporting Performance on Islamic Bank-ing Financial Performance in Indonesia Post-covid-19 (Period: 2019-2021) -- Chapter 38. The Effect of Institutional Theory Towards Shariah Audit Practice in Malaysian Takaful Industry -- Chapter 39. Assessment of Financial Performance of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang Through the Maqashid Sharia Con-cordance (MSC) Approach -- Chapter 40. Impact of Electronic Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction of Islamic Banks in Pakistan -- Chapter 41. Maqashid Sharia Framework: Sharia Financial Inclusion Through Indonesian Sharia Mobile Bank -- Chapter 42. Exploration of Sharia Bank Services in Muhammadiyah’s Higher Education Students -- Chapter 43. Is the Islamic Religiosity Become the Cashless Behaviour Among Muslim Community? -- Chapter 44. Consumer Awareness of Takaful -- Chapter 45. The Presentation and Disclosure of Islamic Banks’ Financial Statements: A Comparative Analysis of IFRS and Aaoifi Financial Accounting Standards -- Chapter 46. Indonesia’s South-south Cooperation in Promoting Sharia Economic Development in Sudan -- Chapter 47. The Application of Sanda (Rahn) in the Meranaw Society in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao -- Chapter 48. Significance and Potential Role of the Islamic Banking and Finance Services in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao -- Chapter 49. ESG Practices and Firm Risk: Evidence from Malaysia -- Chapter 50. The Muhammadiyah Waqf Organization: Prospects and Challenges -- Chapter 51. Strategies for Improving Cash Wakf Fundraising Through Optimization of Cash Wakf Literacy in Indonesia -- Chapter 52. Measuring the Customer’s Perception of the Use of Financial Technology in Algerian Islamic Banks -- Chapter 53. Current Trends and Sustainable Development of ‎warehouse Logistics -- Chapter 54. Exploring CSFs for Application of Six Sigma Programs ‎‎– an Empirical Evidence from Small-scale Industries ‎‎(SSIs).
    Abstract: This volume discusses the role and characteristics of Islamic finance and how it can contribute to a sustainable financial system. Islamic finance is not only for the 1.5 billion Muslims. Several countries are interested in it because it has interesting characteristics in terms of transparency and banking regulation. Although the origins of Islamic finance date back several centuries, its resurgence is relatively recent. From its modern beginnings in Egypt and Malaysia, Islamic finance is now a growing sector and its recent performance contrasts with that of conventional banks. Rapid growth and innovation are transforming the sector, driving economic development in an increasing number of jurisdictions, while also increasing the number of new opportunities and challenges. Today, with the problem of climate change and its adverse effects on the whole world, the flexibility of Islamic finance concerning the operations available to those who wish to finance the development of infrastructure, makes this area crucial for sustainable finance.
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  • 87
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031401398
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 287 p. 11 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Technological innovations. ; Power resources. ; Institutional change ; Economic development ; Energy productivity ; Science and knowledge ; Neoclassical approach to technological change ; Schumpeter on innovation ; Scottish Enlightenment ; Energy efficiency ; Technological unemployment ; Institutional problems for innovation ; National innovation policies ; Alienation of labour ; Austrian economics on innovation ; Sustainability and technological progress ; Future innovations ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. Invention, institutional change and economic development: from Scottish Enlightenment to the IPE -- 2. Friedrich List, contemporaries and followers: national innovation policies revisited -- 3. Transhumanism as alienation in Marx's humanist approach -- 4. Energy efficiency, productivity and the Jevons paradox -- 5. Max Weber: Science, Technology and Knowledge -- 6. Schumpeter and Austrian economics on innovation -- 7. The Neoclassical approach, its crisis and the Schumpeterian echo in the current paradigm of the economic analysis of Technological Change -- 8. Some misconceptions regarding innovation (and how reading the classics might help to overcome them) -- 9. Sustainability and technological progress -- 10. Technological unemployment as a historical debate -- 11. On the controversies on capital as a selection between paradigms -- 12. Influence of Schumpeter in the national context -- 13. Institutional problems for innovation although inventions are available -- 14. Conclusion and future research.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the importance of science, technology, and innovation in the history of economic thought. It charts how science has responded to societal needs and global challenges to highlight the way in which knowledge and technology have been used to benefit society. Particular attention is given to modern concerns, such as climate change, technological unemployment, and social unrest, which are contextualised within the work of the Scottish Enlightenment, Marx, Weber, and Schumpeter. Broader debates, including the relationship between invention and economic development, the alienation of labour, and institutional change, are also considered. This book aims to shed new light on our understanding of science, technology, and innovation by placing them within ideas from the history of economic thought. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and the economics of innovation and technology. Estrella Trincado Aznar is Professor of History of Economic Thought at the Complutense University of Madrid. Fernando López Castellano is Professor of Economics at the University of Granada.
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  • 88
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031464027 , 3031464028
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 139 Seiten) , 10 illus., 6 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Birch, Kean Data Enclaves
    DDC: 303,483
    Keywords: Science Social aspects ; Economics ; Political science ; Sociology ; Human geography ; Science and Technology Studies ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Political Science ; Sociology ; Human Geography
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  • 89
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031440373 , 3031440374
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 163 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Mobility & Politics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Caballero-Vélez, Diego Contesting Migration Crises in Central Eastern Europe
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Human rights ; International economic relations ; Economics ; Human Migration ; Politics and Human Rights ; International Political Economy’ ; Political Economy and Economic Systems
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  • 90
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031455476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics. ; Economics ; Capital market. ; Methodological individualism ; John Stuart Mill ; Joseph Schumpeter ; Karl Marx ; Vilfredo Pareto ; Capitalism and democracy ; Institutional individualism ; Elite theories ; Power in society ; Elite government ; Economic crises and development
    Abstract: This book examines the intellectual ideas that underpin our understanding of capitalism. Framing these debates through the work on John Stuart Mill and Joseph Schumpeter, the development of democracy and its relationship with capitalism is explored to provide insight into the rationality of individuals and the distribution of power. By analysing the evolution of economic systems, ideas relating to democracy, capitalism, liberalism, competition, and elites are also defined. This book aims to inform current economic and political debates and to highlight new forms of democracy and capitalism. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the political economy and the history of economic thought. Gülenay Baş Dinar is Professor of Economics at Abant Izzet Baysal University. Çınla Akdere is Assistant Professor in Economics at the Middle East Technical University.
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  • 91
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031367120
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 456 p. 31 illus., 28 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Social choice. ; Welfare economics. ; Psychology. ; choice ; behavior ; economics and choice ; behavioral psychology ; neoclassical economics ; welfare economics ; utilitarianism ; behavioral neuroscience ; cognitive biases ; economic choice theory ; welfare ; well-being
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I: An ordering of paths, well-being, and economics: how to make you, a chimp, or even a cactus, better off? -- Chapter 1: Economicus: assumptions of a neoclassical theory of behavior, and their implications— my take -- Chapter 2: Welfare (well-faring) economics as a theory of what is right and wrong—my take -- chapter 3: Could economicus be the product of evolution rather than the creation of God? -- Chapter 4: Wanting versus liking, and happiness: an electrical/chemical stew -- Chapter 5: Does consuming more increase WB? Is getting rich the path to happiness? -- Chapter 6: Common quirks, incorrect beliefs, and flawed choosing -- Chapter 7: The endowment effect -- Chapter 8: Returning to whether all the different kinds of WB are commensurable and whether all the different bearers-of-WB are comparable -- Part II: What is a choice? Choice or the illusion of choice? -- Chapter 9: How would you define a choice? And the difference between a choice and the experience/sense of making a choice -- Chapter 10: The evidence on conscious choice -- Part III: Most moral philosophers are not welfare consequentialists, so what are they? -- Chapter 11: A primer on welfare economics vs. other ethics -- Chapter 12: A bit more on welfare economics, external effects, and interpersonal comparisons of WB -- Epilogue: Do you make choices, and if so, has your choosing made you happy?.
    Abstract: Neoclassical economists assume that people act to maximize their well-being: they choose based on their desires and only desire what they will like. Neuroscientists and psychologists disagree. Their research demonstrates that cues and evolutionary quirks cause people to act against their best interests, even choosing alternatives they will not like. In this book, Edward R. Morey contrasts neoclassical choice theory with behavioral models and findings in psychology, neuroscience, evolutionary biology, and animal behavior. The book addresses the fundamental idea within economics that behaviors are chosen, and it explains why other disciplines disagree. The chapters touch on modeling behavior, judging behavior, and policies. Morey breaks down judgment using the ethics of welfare economics, and it compares and contrasts this recognized approach with others, including Mill’s liberalism, virtue ethics, duty-based ethics, Buddhist ethics, and utilitarianism. Edward R. Morey is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado, Boulder, USA. His research has centered on modeling and estimating individual behavior. .
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  • 92
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031473203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 271 p. 69 illus., 38 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Studies in Alternative Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Schools of economics. ; Economics ; Economics. ; Macroeconomics. ; Concordian economics ; Labor Policy ; Industrial Policy ; Monetary Policy ; History of economic thought ; Keynes ; Hayek ; Benjamin Franklin ; Henry George ; Louis D. Brandeis ; Louis O. Kelso ; History of economics ; Economic justice ; Somism ; Relationalism
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. An Overall View of Concordian Economics -- Chapter 3. Concordian Economics: Tools to Return Relevance to Economics -- Chapter 4. From the Revision of Keynes’ Model to Economics for Physicists and Ecologists -- Chapter 5. From the Logic of Mainstream Economics to the Logic of Concordian Economics -- Chapter 6. Preparing for Concordian Econometrics -- Chapter 7. The Economic Bubble and Its Measurement -- Chapter 8. The Moral Problem: The Free Rider Problem -- Chapter 9. Ethics in Concordian Economics: Economic Justice: The Economics of Morality -- Chapter 10. The Definition of Economic Rights and their Functions -- Chapter 11. From Four Rights to Four Policies -- Chapter 12. Somists: Beyond Individualists and Collectivists -- Chapter 13. Concordians: Beyond Capitalists and Socialists -- Chapter 14. From Rational Economics to Relational Economics.
    Abstract: This is the first part of a two-volume set on Concordian economics, a new paradigm whose core completes the Aristotelian-Aquinian project of economic justice. The book delves into the history of economics and presents Concordian economics as a response to the concerns and shortcomings of mainstream economics. Demand-side economics is represented in the process of consumption—the expenditure of monetary wealth to acquire real wealth and financial wealth of a different nature. In contrast, supply-side economics is represented in the production process, the process of producing real wealth, e.g. tables, chairs and foodstuffs. Institutionalists will also welcome this book because it ties the world of real wealth to that of monetary wealth through the process of distributing the value of ownership of both monetary and real wealth as they are created. The book begins with an introduction to Concordian economics, followed by a discussion of how to restore relevance to the field of economic studies. It also presents a revision of the Keynesian model designed to gradually address the major social, economic, and political causes of discord. Moreover, the author warns against the separation of economics from the world of physical things as well as the world of legal and moral issues. Following a discussion on the measurement of real wealth, econometrics is introduced in accordance with the categories of Concordian economics. Lastly, the book develops a theory of economic justice by defining a set of economic rights and responsibilities that guide economic behavior and policy. This book appeals to scholars and students of economics and related fields, as well as anyone interested in reintegrating economics into the social context.
    URL: Cover
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  • 93
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031490514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 130 p. 15 illus., 2 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Game theory. ; Applied linguistics. ; Economics ; game theory ; bargaining ; language games ; forms of life ; persuasive techniques ; conflict resolution ; mediation ; arbitration ; rational negotiation ; Nash equilibrium ; zero-sum games ; international negotiations ; cooperative games ; non-cooperative games ; Pareto optimum ; decision-making ; negotiation tricks
    Abstract: Negotiation, Game Theory and Language Games -- Bargaining and Game Theory -- International Negotiation and Forms of Life -- Psychological Aspects of Negotiation -- Negotiation and Mediation.
    Abstract: This book uses game theory to analyze the strategies developed in negotiation processes. Offering a detailed analysis of competition and cooperation, it explores various bargaining strategies that result from the application of Nash equilibrium and mixed strategies. Employing a blend of game theory and real-world examples, the authors describe typical negotiation scenarios and unveil the art of negotiation strategy – dissecting both competitive and cooperative tactics. This comprehensive analysis explores the multifaceted dimensions of negotiation, highlighting not only formal aspects but also the economic, social, political, and human factors at play. The authors discuss the basic structures of cooperative and non-cooperative games and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the language games that take place in negotiations. They examine how negotiators belonging to different forms of life can trade with each other when their respective language games are different and prone to misinterpretation. The book also probes arbitration and mediation as conflict-resolution tools within this intricate landscape. Designed for the curious minds seeking insight into negotiation strategies, as well as students and scholars of diverse fields, this book fosters an understanding of negotiation's labyrinthine pathways. "Dynamics of Rational Negotiation" unlocks the door to negotiation's complexities, inviting readers to unravel the layers of human interaction.
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  • 94
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031401541
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 169 p. 18 illus., 14 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Gender Studies ; Sociology of Work ; Social Economy ; Social Care ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Feminism and Feminist Theory ; Sex ; Industrial sociology ; Welfare economics ; Social service ; Economics ; Feminism ; Feminist theory
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 95
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.284
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Matching ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: While still in its infancy, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in labour market matching, whether by private recruiters, public and private employment services, or online jobs boards and platforms. Applications range from writing job descriptions, applicant sourcing, analysing CVs, chat bots, interview schedulers, shortlisting tools, all the way to facial and voice analysis during interviews. While many tools promise to bring efficiencies and cost savings, they could also improve the quality of matching and jobseeker experience, and even identify and mitigate human bias. There are nonetheless some barriers to a greater adoption of these tools. Some barriers relate to organisation and people readiness, while others reflect concerns about the technology and how it is used, including: robustness, bias, privacy, transparency and explainability. The present paper reviews the literature and some recent policy developments in this field, while bringing new evidence from interviews held with key stakeholders.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1762
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews selected implications of trade integration via global value chains (GVC) and identifies gaps in understanding of GVC risks. Despite recent significant progress, many GVC risks remain unknown. The paper also discusses pros and cons of possible strategies to minimise GVC risks and specific measures that are debated in the literature. None of the proposed strategies is a silver bullet and best measures are likely to vary across products and sectors. Most actions to improve resilience lie with firms rather than governments. There is less controversy about governments taking a more proactive role in co-ordinating data collection, analysing GVC risks and collaborating with private firms to promote standards of conduct. In contrast, there is less agreement about governments using financial incentives, regulatory requirements and direct government control to reshape GVCs. Government intervention risks creating costly distortions without minimising economic volatility and improving national security, and making international co-operation regarding social and environmental goals more difficult.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264919778 , 9789264830431 , 9789264795457
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente une analyse internationale approfondie de la situation des travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée au regard des différentes dimensions de la qualité des emplois. Dans les premières phases de la pandémie de COVID-19, les applaudissements adressés aux soignants ont été l’expression manifeste de la reconnaissance de leur travail acharné et des risques auxquels leurs fonctions les exposaient. Cependant, alors que les applaudissements se faisaient plus rares après le pic de la crise, la question de l’amélioration durable des conditions de travail des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée est revenue sur le devant de la scène. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la demande de travail en provenance des entreprises de ce secteur va augmenter sensiblement. Plusieurs pays sont déjà confrontés à des pénuries à mesure que la génération du baby-boom entre dans le troisième âge. Pour aller Au-delà des applaudissements, il est nécessaire d’adopter une stratégie d’action globale pour remédier aux conditions de travail médiocres et à la reconnaissance sociale insuffisante des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée, attirer des travailleurs et éviter que les pénuries de main-d’œuvre n’atteignent des niveaux inacceptables. Une stratégie de ce type doit prendre en compte plusieurs dimensions et s’adapter aux priorités de chaque pays, par exemple mettre en place des interventions directes visant à augmenter les salaires et à relever les qualifications requises ; augmenter les financements publics et développer le rôle moteur des pouvoirs publics ; soutenir la négociation collective et le dialogue social ; renforcer la formation ; développer le recours aux nouvelles technologies ; et consolider les politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1, qui est le chapitre de présentation générale.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264474857 , 9789264849112 , 9789264719798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Lohnfortzahlung ; Behindertenpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Many people with health problems or disabilities leave the labour market permanently even if they still can and want to work. This can lead to low income and reduced social engagement. Governments and employers can help create an environment that supports job retention and a return to work in such situations. This report looks at one critical policy lever: the role of paid sick leave and sickness benefits in protecting workers’ health, jobs and incomes. Korea is among the very few OECD countries without statutory social protection for sick workers and is currently considering closing this gap in its welfare system. This report provides an overview of key features of sickness insurance systems in OECD countries and draws policy lessons for Korea to introduce equitable and adequate social protection for sick workers with a robust return-to-work component and financially sustainable payments that encourage employer involvement.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1764
    Keywords: Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: A competition-friendly business regulatory environment is essential for the well-functioning of markets. It ensures that important policy goals are addressed, and market failures tackled. However, regulation can also create barriers to the entry and expansion of firms that may limit and distort competition and hinder the efficient allocation of resources, negatively affecting productivity and growth. Some of these barriers are necessary, but others may go beyond what is needed to address the policy objectives and the market failure(s) regulation is intended to solve. This paper relies on the last vintage of the Product Market Regulation indicators to determine to what extent Poland's National Recovery and Resilience Plan aims to create a more competition-friendly business environment. The analysis suggests that only a limited number of the measures included in the Plan may address regulatory weaknesses identified by these indicators. Therefore, the paper suggests OECD best practices that the country could consider to remove unnecessary regulatory barriers and boost the benefits that the investments envisaged in the Plan could bring about.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264392083 , 9789264433953 , 9789264946637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Berufe ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Qualifikation ; Fachkräfte ; Lateinamerika ; Kolumbien ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, the importance of cyber security has grown significantly for individuals, companies, and nations. The rising number of cyber attacks surpasses the existing defense capabilities, partly due to a shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the analysis of the demand for cyber security experts in Latin America, using information from online job postings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. The analysis investigates recent trends in job demand for various cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the evolving skill requirements in this field. Additionally, the report focuses on the supply side by examining the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in Colombia. It explores the different types of programmes offered in vocational and higher education, the characteristics of learners enrolled in these programmes, and their outcomes. Lastly, the report examines policies and initiatives implemented in Colombia to enhance the accessibility and relevance of cyber security education and training programmes. This report is part of a broader initiative that examines the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
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