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  • 2005-2009  (2,237)
  • 1990-1994  (137)
  • 1930-1934  (3)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (1,473)
  • Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press  (884)
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Year
  • 1
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    DDC: 428
    Keywords: English language
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9780195167795
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0496073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans Encyclopedias History ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1877-1964 ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1964- ; African Americans Biography ; Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; USA ; Schwarze ; Geschichte 1896-2008
    Note: Erschienen: Vol. 1 - 5
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780195167795
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0496073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans Encyclopedias History ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1877-1964 ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1964- ; African Americans Biography ; Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; USA ; Schwarze ; Geschichte 1896-2008
    Note: Erschienen: Vol. 1 - 5
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  • 4
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 019431491X
    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Note: Titel vom Umschlag
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9780195167795
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0496073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans Encyclopedias History ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1877-1964 ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1964- ; African Americans Biography ; Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; USA ; Schwarze ; Geschichte 1896-2008
    Note: Erschienen: Vol. 1 - 5
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  • 7
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Series Statement: Oxford English Video
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  • 8
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 9
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 11
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Series Statement: Oxford English video
    DDC: 428
    Keywords: English language Textbooks for foreign speakers
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  • 12
    ISBN: 0195156005 , 9780195156003
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0468003
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hispanic Americans Encyclopedias ; Hispanos
    Note: Erschienen: Vol.1-4
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  • 13
    ISBN: 0195156005 , 9780195156003
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0468003
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hispanic Americans Encyclopedias ; Hispanos
    Note: Erschienen: Vol.1-4
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 15
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Suizid ; Geschichte 500-1500
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  • 16
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Series Statement: Oxford medical publications
    Keywords: Gesellschaft ; Stress ; Krankheit
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  • 17
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195170283 , 9780195170290 , 0195170288 , 0195170296
    Language: English
    DDC: 306.74/2/08621
    RVK:
    Keywords: Courtesans History ; Cross-cultural studies ; Höfische Kunst ; Geschichte ; Höfische Kunst ; Geschichte ; Höfling ; Kunst ; Geschichte ; Höfling ; Kunst ; Geschichte
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index; spätere Drucke ohne CD, Audiobeispiele nur mit Link und Zugangscode verfügbar
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  • 18
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0195156773 , 9780195156775
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 cm
    DDC: 305.48896073
    Keywords: African American women Encyclopedias ; Enzyklopädie ; USA ; Schwarze
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    New York, NY : UNICEF | Genf : UNICEF | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; [1.]1980; 2.1981/82 - 3.1982/83(1982); 1984(1983) -
    ISSN: 0251-9100 , 0265-718X , 1564-975X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1980; 2.1981/82 - 3.1982/83(1982); 1984(1983) -
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. 1980 L' état des enfants dans le monde
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. ab 2.1981/82 La situation des enfants dans le monde
    Parallel Title: Dt. Ausg. bis 2008 Zur Situation der Kinder in der Welt
    Parallel Title: Dt. Ausg. ab 2009 UNICEF UNICEF-Report ...
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. The state of the world's children
    DDC: 360
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kinder ; Jugendschutz ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Lebensbedingungen ; Kind ; Kindersterblichkeit ; Dienstleistungsangebot ; Angebot ; Gesundheit ; Bildung ; Erziehung ; Frau ; Industriestaaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Zeitschrift ; Kind ; Soziale Situation
    Note: Bis 2013 ohne Titelzusatz , 2018 nicht erschienen
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  • 20
    Language: English
    DDC: 305.4'2'0924
    Keywords: Schreiner ; Olive ; 1855-1920 ; Biography ; Schreiner ; Olive ; 1855-1920 ; Biography ; Authors, South African ; 19th century ; Biography ; Briefsammlung ; Schreiner, Olive 1855-1920
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  • 21
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0195156773 , 9780195156775
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 cm
    DDC: 305.48896073
    Keywords: African American women Encyclopedias ; Enzyklopädie ; USA ; Schwarze
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 22
    Book
    Book
    Dobbs Ferry, NY : Oceana Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | New York, NY : Oxford Univ. Press | New York : Oceana | [New York u.a.] : Oceana Publ. [u.a.] | London [u.a.] : Oceana Publ.
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Former Title: Commentary on security documents
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Quelle ; Terrorismus ; Terrorismus
    Note: Anfangs von Robert A. Friedlander , Vol. 1 (1979) -
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  • 23
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    RVK:
    Keywords: Armut
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  • 24
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    DDC: 320.09
    Keywords: Political science ; Comparative government ; Regierung ; Geschichte ; Staat ; Politisches System
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Queen Elizabeth House series in development studies
    Series Statement: UNU/WIDER studies in development economics
    DDC: 362.87/526/091724
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Unterernährung ; Flüchtlinge ; Humanitäre Hilfe ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Welt ; Humanitarian assistance ; Political aspects ; Developing countries ; Humanitarian assistance ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries ; War and civilization ; Developing countries ; Food relief ; Developing countries ; Refugees ; Services for ; Developing countries ; International economic relations ; Developing countries ; Katastrophe ; Krieg ; Humanitäre Hilfe
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. Analysis -- v. 2. Case studies
    Note: A study prepared for Queen Elizabeth House, International Development Centre, University of Oxford (QEH) and the World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University (UNU/WIDER) , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 26
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Poland ; History ; Polen ; Geschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 27
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Politische Wissenschaft
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  • 28
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Japan ; Wirtschaft ; Soziale Situation
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  • 29
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 30
    ISBN: 0197276105
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Nasser D. Khalili collection of Islamic art 12
    DDC: 681.0917671
    Keywords: Technology and Manufacturing
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  • 31
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 32
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 33
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 34
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Milford | London : Cumberlege | London : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1903/04 -
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    ISSN: 0068-1202
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1903/04 -
    Additional Information: 71=1985 von The Raleigh lecture on history London : Cumberlege [u.a.], 1923
    Additional Information: 76=1990; 80=1991; 82=1992; 84=1993; 87=1994; 90=1995; 94=1996; 97=1997; 101=1998; 105=1999; 111=2000 von British Academy Lectures and memoirs / British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 1991 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 79=3 von Royal Irish Academy Joint meeting of the Royal Irish Academy and the British Academy Oxford [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1992
    Additional Information: 115=1; 120=2; 124=3; 130=4; 138=5; 150=6; 153=7; 161=8; 166=9; 172=10 von British Academy Biographical memoirs of fellows of the British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 117=2001; 121=2002; 125=2003; 131=2004; 139=2005; 151=2006; 154=2007; 162=2008; 167=2009; 181=2010/11 von British Academy Lectures Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als British Academy Annual Shakespeare lecture of the British Academy London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1911 0267-1042
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Sir John Rhŷs memorial lecture London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1925
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy
    DDC: 080
    RVK:
    Keywords: British Academy ; British Academy ; Monografische Reihe ; Bibliografie ; British Academy ; Schrifttum ; British Academy ; Veröffentlichung ; British Academy ; Schrifttum
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Ab 76.1990 als Serie
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  • 35
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    London : Arcadian Library | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.2004 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2004 -
    DDC: 020
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Arcadian Library
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  • 36
    ISBN: 0198293380
    Language: English
    DDC: 332.6/09172/4
    Keywords: Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Developing countries ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Africa ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Asia ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Latin America ; Commodity control ; Developing countries ; Commodity control ; Africa ; Commodity control ; Asia ; Commodity control ; Latin America ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Handelspolitik ; Wirtschaftskrise
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  • 37
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : BIOS Scientific Publ. | New York, NY : Taylor & Francis | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0957-0365
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 38
    Language: English
    DDC: 320.94/09/049
    Keywords: Europe ; Politics and government ; 1945- ; Political participation ; Europe ; Public opinion ; Europe ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; Politische Beteiligung ; Europa ; Politisches System
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  • 39
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Nijhoff ; 1.1990(1991/92) -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990(1991/92) -
    Additional Information: 1,1=1 - 8,2=16 von "CCEL"
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The collected courses of the Academy of European Law
    Former Title: Collected courses of the Academy of European Law
    DDC: 340
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Sonstige Körperschaft früher: European University Institute , Inhaltl. Gliederung teils in Book 1: European community law; Book 2: The protection of human rights in Europe
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1986 -
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    ISSN: 1476-7937 , 8756-6583 , 8756-6583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1986 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Holocaust and genocide studies
    Keywords: Völkermord ; Politik ; Judenvernichtung ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 13.02.2017
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  • 41
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 42
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Milford | London : Cumberlege | London : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1903/04 -
    ISSN: 0068-1202
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1903/04 -
    Additional Information: 71=1985 von The Raleigh lecture on history London : Cumberlege [u.a.], 1923
    Additional Information: 76=1990; 80=1991; 82=1992; 84=1993; 87=1994; 90=1995; 94=1996; 97=1997; 101=1998; 105=1999; 111=2000 von British Academy Lectures and memoirs / British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 1991 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 79=3 von Royal Irish Academy Joint meeting of the Royal Irish Academy and the British Academy Oxford [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1992
    Additional Information: 115=1; 120=2; 124=3; 130=4; 138=5; 150=6; 153=7; 161=8; 166=9; 172=10 von British Academy Biographical memoirs of fellows of the British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 117=2001; 121=2002; 125=2003; 131=2004; 139=2005; 151=2006; 154=2007; 162=2008; 167=2009; 181=2010/11 von British Academy Lectures Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als British Academy Annual Shakespeare lecture of the British Academy London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1911 0267-1042
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Sir John Rhŷs memorial lecture London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1925
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy
    DDC: 080
    RVK:
    Keywords: British Academy ; British Academy ; Monografische Reihe ; Bibliografie ; British Academy ; Schrifttum ; British Academy ; Veröffentlichung ; British Academy ; Schrifttum
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Ab 76.1990 als Serie
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  • 43
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Pergamon Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1986 -
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    ISSN: 8756-6583 , 1476-7937 , 1476-7937
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1986 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Holocaust and genocide studies
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Völkermord ; Judenvernichtung ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: United States Holocaust Memorial Council and Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, Jerusalem
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  • 44
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Heinemann Educational Books | London [u.a.] : Heinemann | Aldershot [u.a.] : Gower | Aldershot : Scolar Press ; 1.1981-19
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1981-19
    Subsequent Title: Fortgesetzt durch Pasold studies in textile, dress and fashion history
    DDC: 670
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 45
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Heinemann Educational Books | London [u.a.] : Heinemann | Aldershot [u.a.] : Gower | Aldershot : Scolar Press ; 1.1981-19
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1981-19
    Subsequent Title: Fortgesetzt durch Pasold studies in textile, dress and fashion history
    DDC: 670
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 46
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: Greek, Ancient (to 1453) , English
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Calame, Claude, 1943 - Les Rédacteurs grecs d’enquêtes sur le passé héroïque 2016
    DDC: 888/.010808015
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mythology, Greek ; Quelle ; Griechisch ; Literatur ; Mythos
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , 1 (2000) - 2 (2013)
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9780199558070 , 0199558078
    Language: English
    Pages: VIII, 257 S.
    DDC: 330.94409032
    Keywords: Geschichte 1600-1700 ; Familienbetrieb ; Frankreich
    Note: Quellen- und Literaturverz. S. [235] - 247
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  • 48
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0194421805 , 9780194421805
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 111 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: Internat. ed., [Nachdr.]
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks for language teachers
    DDC: 303.482
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9780199237562 , 0199237565
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 334 S.
    Edition: 2. [Nachdr.]
    DDC: 305.9/0697094709045
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1941-1991 ; Weltkrieg ; Veteran ; Sowjetunion
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9780195387957 , 0195387953
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 595 S. , Ill.
    DDC: 305.896/073074710904
    Keywords: Schwarze ; Harlem renaissance ; USA ; Biographie ; Biografie ; Biografie ; Biografie ; Biografie
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  • 51
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199251940
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 274 S , graph. Darst , 24 cm
    Edition: Repr
    DDC: 305.568
    RVK:
    Keywords: Marginality, Social ; Poverty ; Great Britain Social policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Armut ; Isolation
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [244] - 262
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9780195393330
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 310 S. , Ill. , 25 cm
    Edition: 1. iss. as an Oxford Univ. Press paperback
    Series Statement: Pivotal moments in American history
    DDC: 305.420973/09034
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Woman's Rights Convention / (1st / 1848 / Seneca Falls, N.Y.) ; Woman's Rights Convention ; Woman's Rights Convention ; Geschichte 1800-1900 ; Geschichte 1840-1890 ; Feminism / United States / History / 19th century ; Geschichte ; Feminism History 19th century ; Frauenbewegung ; USA ; USA ; USA ; Frauenbewegung ; Geschichte 1840-1890 ; Woman's Rights Convention Seneca Falls, NY 1848
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-295) and index , Separate spheres : law, faith, tradition -- Fashioning a better world -- Seneca Falls -- The woman's movement begins, 1850-1860 -- War, disillusionment, division -- Friction and reunification, 1870-1890 -- Epilogue : "make the world better"
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  • 53
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199233229
    Language: English
    Pages: XVII, 344 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    DDC: 305.5/20941509034
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1800-1900 ; Geschichte 1879-1914 ; Elites ; Geschichte ; Elite (Social sciences) History 19th century ; Gentry History 19th century ; Power (Social sciences) History 19th century ; Social classes History 19th century ; Elite ; Ierland ; Irland ; Irland ; Irland ; Elite ; Geschichte 1879-1914
    Note: Includes index
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  • 54
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195377965 , 9780195382495
    Language: English
    Pages: XIII, 278 S. , Ill. , 24cm
    Series Statement: Modernist literature & culture
    DDC: 303.4825104
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Geschichte 1606-2006 ; East and West ; Schmerz ; Chinabild ; Literatur ; Schmerz ; Leibesstrafe ; Leid ; China ; China Civilization ; Western influences ; Westliche Welt ; Westliche Welt ; Chinabild ; Schmerz ; Leid ; Leibesstrafe ; Geschichte 1606-2006 ; Westliche Welt ; Literatur ; China ; Schmerz ; Geschichte
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  • 55
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 019928086X , 9780199280865
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 439 S.
    Edition: Repr.
    DDC: 306.362089924
    Keywords: Geschichte 50 v.Chr.-70 ; Slaveholders ; Jewish slave traders History To 1500 ; Slavery and Judaism ; Sklaverei ; Juden ; Juden ; Sklaverei ; Geschichte 50 v.Chr.-70
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9780195373783
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 302 S. , 24cm
    Edition: rev. ed.
    Former Title: Frühere Ausg. erschienen 2002 u.d.T. Swimming lessons
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human ecology ; Nature Effect of human beings on ; Environmental degradation ; Civilization, Modern 21st century ; Technology Social aspects ; Humanökologie ; Sozialökologie ; Sozialer Wandel ; Technologischer Wandel
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9780198063506 , 0198063504
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 386 S.
    Series Statement: Oxford India paperbacks
    DDC: 305.5680954
    Keywords: Ambedkar, B. R.--(Bhimrao Ramji), 1891-1956. ; People with social disabilities--Government policy--India. ; Affirmative action programs--India. ; Reverse discrimination--India.
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  • 58
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199249503 , 0199249504 , 9780199249510
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 306 S.
    Edition: Repr.
    Series Statement: The Oxford history of the British Empire : Companion series
    DDC: 305.4209171241
    Keywords: Commonwealth ; Geschichte ; Women Colonies ; History ; Sex role Colonies ; History ; Geschlechterrolle ; Feminismus ; Geschlechterverhältnis ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Frau ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Commonwealth ; Geschlechterverhältnis ; Geschichte ; Commonwealth ; Frau ; Geschlechterrolle ; Geschichte ; Commonwealth ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Feminismus
    Note: Teilw. als Printed-on-demand-Ausgabe mit neuerem Erscheinungsjahr
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9780195372083 , 0195372085
    Language: English
    Pages: IX, 306 S. , Ill.
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Massenmedien ; Sozialpsychologie ; Mass media--Social aspects. ; Mass media--Psychological aspects. ; Social psychology.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9780199544684
    Language: English
    Pages: IX, 385 S.
    Edition: Reprint.
    DDC: 305.550947
    Keywords: Middle class Political activity ; Middle class Political activity ; Social classes Political aspects ; Social classes Political aspects ; Political participation ; Political participation ; Russia (Federation) Politics and government 1991- ; Mittelstand ; Politische Beteiligung ; Russland ; Westliche Welt
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195331387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 329 S.) , Ill., Kt., Notenbeisp.
    Series Statement: Oxford scholarship online
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 780.954
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Musik ; Music History and criticism ; Musik ; Gesellschaft ; Südasien ; Südasien ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südasien ; Musik ; Geschichte ; Südasien ; Musik ; Gesellschaft
    Abstract: 'Theorizing the Local' rethinks South Asian music in light of diverse regional practices. Using comparative microstudies to cross the traditional borders of scholarship on Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Iran, the book provides new footing for South Asia in the study of today's musical world.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199233229
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 344 S.)
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Series Statement: Oxford scholarship online
    DDC: 305.5/20941509034
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1800-1900 ; Geschichte 1879-1914 ; Geschichte ; Elite (Social sciences) History 19th century ; Gentry History 19th century ; Social classes History 19th century ; Power (Social sciences) HIstory 19th century ; Elite ; Irland ; Irland ; Irland ; Elite ; Geschichte 1879-1914
    Note: Includes index.
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  • 63
    Book
    Book
    [Berlin] : Cornelsen | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9783068013052 , 9780194300049
    Language: English , German
    Pages: IV, 1406 S. , 25 cm
    Additional Material: Exam-Trainer (28 S.), 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
    Edition: neue Ausg.; 2nd ed.
    DDC: 423.31
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Englisch ; Deutsch
    Abstract: Die komplette Neubearbeitung des bewährten zweisprachigen Wörterbuches jetzt mit CD-ROM. Das große Oxford Wörterbuch enthält rund 175.000 Stichwörter, Wendungen und Beispiele mit 230.000 Übersetzungen; umfasst den Wortschatz der gymnasialen Oberstufe sowie den von Berufseinsteigern; berücksichtigt aktuelle Entwicklungen des britischen und amerikanischen Englisch; hebt die 3000 am häufigsten verwendeten Wörter der englischen Sprache typografisch hervor. Durch das zweifarbige Lay-out ist Das große Oxford Wörterbuch übersichtlich und einfach zu verstehen. Es trennt verschiedene Bedeutungen eines Wortes deutlich voneinander. Speziell für die Bedürfnisse von deutschsprachigen Lernenden gibt das Wörterbuch ausführliche Erklärungen. Der Anhang enthält eine Grammatikübersicht zur englischen Sprache. Der Exam Trainer enthält gezielte Übungen und Hinweise zur Vorbereitung auf das Abitur oder ähnliche Prüfungen.
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke , Systemvoraussetzungen der CD-ROM-Beil.: Microsoft Windows XP or Windows Vista; 300 MHz Intel Pentium or compatible processor; 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended); , Systemvoraussetzungen der CD-ROM-Beil.: Microsoft Windows XP or Windows Vista; 300 MHz Intel Pentium or compatible processor; 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended)
    URL: Cover
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821377956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa Development Indicators
    Abstract: Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 (ADI) provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It puts together data from different sources, making it an essential tool for policy makers, researchers, and other people interested in Africa. This year’s ADI addresses the issue of youth employment. The report shows that success in addressing youth employment in will not be achieved and sustained through fragmented and isolated interventions. Instead it finds that an arching guideline for addressing the youth employment challenge is the need for an integrated strategy for rural development, growth and job creation - which covers the demand and the supply sides of the labor market and takes into account the youth mobility from rural to urban areas - combined with targeted interventions to help young people overcome disadvantages in entering and remaining in the labor market. This edition includes the Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 Single User CD-ROM and opening articles from leading economists reporting and analyzing key African economic and development issues
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9780821378991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (334 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Abstract: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in a business situation can have a significant effect on the financial results and position of a division or an entire business enterprise. International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide gives private or public sector executives, managers, and financial analysts without a strong background in accounting the tools they need to participate in discussions and decisions on the appropriateness or application of IFRS. Each chapter summarizes an International Financial Reporting Standard, following a consistent structure: Problems addressed by the IFRS Scope of the Standard Key concepts and definitions Accounting treatment Presentation and disclosure Financial analysis and interpretation
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ban, Radu The Political Economy of Village Sanitation in South India
    Abstract: Despite efforts to mandate and finance local governments' provision of environmental sanitation services, outcomes remain poor in the villages surveyed in the four South Indian states. The analysis indicates some key issues that appear to hinder improvements in sanitation. Local politicians tend to capture sanitary infrastructure and cleaning services for themselves, while also keeping major village roads reasonably well-served. Their decisions suggest, however, that they neither understand the health benefits of sanitation, nor the negative externalities to their own health if surrounding areas are poorly served. Our findings suggest that improving sanitary outcomes requires disseminating information on the public goods nature of their health benefits, as well as on the local government's responsibilities. It also requires putting public health regulations in place, along with measures to enable accountability in service provision
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bandyopadhyay, Simanti Fiscal Health of Selected IndianCities
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the fiscal problems faced by five urban agglomerations in India, namely, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, and Pune. It analyzes the fiscal health of the five urban agglomerations, quantifies their revenue capacities and expenditure needs, and draws policy recommendations on the means to reduce the gaps between revenue raising capacities and expenditure needs. The main findings suggest that, except for five small urban local bodies in Hyderabad, the others are not in a position to cover their expenditure needs by their present revenue collections. All the urban agglomerations have unutilized potential for revenue generation; however, with the exception of Hyderabad, they would fail to cover their expenditure needs even if they realized their revenue potential. Except in Chennai, larger corporations are more constrained than smaller urban local bodies. The paper recommends better utilization of "own revenue" through improved administration of property taxes, implementation of other taxes, and collection of user charges. It recommends that state governments should explore the option of allowing local bodies to piggyback a small proportion on their value-added tax collections. Another way to reduce the fiscal gap would be to earmark a portion of the sales proceeds from land and housing by state governments sold through their development agencies for improvements in urban infrastructure. The paper also recommends that the State Finance Commissions should develop appropriate norms for estimating expenditure needs, based on which transfers from the state to local governments can be decided
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Determinants of Repayment Performance in Indian Micro-Credit Groups
    Abstract: Despite their potential importance and ease of modification, impacts of monitoring and loan recovery arrangements on micro-credit groups' repayment performance have rarely been studied. Data on 3,350 expired group loans in 300 Indian villages highlight that regular monitoring and audits, high repayment frequency, consumption smoothing support through rice credit, and having group savings deposited with the lender all significantly increase repayment rates. Estimated magnitudes of their effects vastly exceed those of members' socio-economic characteristics. Significantly lower repayment on loans originating in externally provided grant resources suggests that stringent monitoring will be essential for these to have a sustainable impact
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Raschky, Paul A On the Channel and Type of International Disaster Aid
    Abstract: Research suggests that a donor country’s decision to provide post-disaster assistance is not only driven by the severity of a disaster and the resulting humanitarian needs in the recipient country, but also by strategic considerations. The authors argue that the identification of the determinants of the size of disaster assistance is a first step in the analysis of the donor’s behavior. Since all aid is not motivated by the same reasons, the evaluation of the donor country’s behavior requires a second step accounting for the type and the channel of aid provided. Using data on international disaster assistance between 2000 and 2007, the analysis examines both the donor countries' decision on the channel (bilateral versus multilateral) and the type of disaster relief (cash versus in-kind). The empirical results suggest that international disaster relief is not as much driven by the needs of the recipient country, but also by strategic interests (for example, oil or trade relationships) of the donor country. Bilateral and cash transfers are used as a vehicle to signal strategic interests, while multilateral and in-kind transfers are chosen to control for misuse in badly governed recipient countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Jhingran, Dhir Addressing Educational Disparity
    Abstract: The challenge of development work in the social sector in India today is one of bridging huge disparities across regions of the country, gender and social groups. Unless national and state policies specifically target resources to address these disparities, achieving higher level outcomes in an inclusive manner, which is the real goal for human development in education and health, will be a distant dream. This paper takes up the case of the Indian government’s Elementary Education for All Mission to understand how this flagship program relates investments to spatial and social disparities. For identifying the most deprived districts in terms of educational inputs, outputs and overall development, the authors estimate district level education development indices for 2003-2004. The contribution of the largest investment program is measured by "per child allocations" and expenditures at the state and district levels for 2005-2006. An analysis of comparing the ratio of allocations to expenditures with the ratio of district level indices to sub-dimensional indices shows that there is an apparent disconnect between the "real investment needs" of the districts, reflected in their level of educational development and the actual allocations made on an annual basis. The analysis shows that although all districts received more funds for investing in elementary education programs, the most disadvantaged and needy districts received proportionately more funds, which helped these districts to bridge access and infrastructure gaps and appoint more teachers. Benchmarking sector development by spatial entities helps not only in monitoring the outcomes, but also in targeting planning and funding to reduce disparities
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bardasi, Elena Working Long Hours and Having No Choice
    Abstract: This paper provides a new definition of 'time poverty' as working long hours and having no choice to do otherwise. An individual is time poor if he/she is working long hours and is also monetary poor, or would fall into monetary poverty if he/she were to reduce his/her working hours below a given time poverty line. Thus being time poor results from the combination of two conditions. First, the individual does not have enough time for rest and leisure once all working hours (whether spent in the labor market or doing household chores such as cooking, and fetching water and wood) are accounted for. Second, the individual cannot reduce his/her working time without either increasing the level of poverty of his/her household (if the household is already poor) or leading his/her household to fall into monetary poverty due to the loss in income or consumption associated with the reduction in working time (if the household is not originally poor). The paper applies the concepts of the traditional poverty literature to the analysis of time poverty and presents a case study using data for Guinea in 2002-03. Both univariate and multivariate results suggest that women are significantly more likely to be time poor than men
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Calderon, Cesar Does Financial Openness Lead To Deeper Domestic Financial Markets?
    Abstract: Advanced and emerging market economies have rapidly integrated into international capital markets and this growing globalization of financial markets has led to some important changes in the patterns of saving and investment across the world. The main goal of this paper is to test whether the cross-border asset trade has led to improvements in the intermediation of these savings - that is, foster development of domestic financial markets. The authors have collected annual information on financial market development, financial openness, and other control variables for a sample of 145 countries for the period 1974-2007. Controlling for the likely endogeneity of financial openness, the analysis finds that rising financial openness expands private credit, bank assets, and stock market and private bond market development, and generates efficiency gains in the banking system. However, the impact of financial openness on domestic financial development may depend on the level of institutional quality, the extent of investor protection, and the degree of trade openness. In general, rising financial openness will enlarge the size and activity of financial intermediaries, improve efficiency in the banking system, and contribute to deepen private bond markets in countries with moderate to high levels of institutional quality and investor protection as well as in countries with high trade openness
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Mohapatra, Sanket Remittances and Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Macro- and micro-economic evidence suggests a positive role of remittances in preparing households against natural disasters and in coping with the loss afterwards. Analysis of cross-country macroeconomic data shows that remittances increase in the aftermath of natural disasters in countries that have a larger number of migrants abroad. Analysis of household survey data in Bangladesh shows that per capita consumption was higher in remittance-receiving households than in others after the 1998 flood. Ethiopian remittance-dependent households seem to use cash reserves rather than sell livestock to cope with drought. In Burkina Faso and Ghana, international remittance-receiving households, especially those receiving remittances from high-income developed countries, tend to have housing built of concrete rather than mud and greater access to communication equipment, suggesting that they are better prepared against natural disasters
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kazianga, Harounan Educational and Health Impacts of Two School Feeding Schemes
    Abstract: This paper uses a prospective randomized trial to assess the impact of two school feeding schemes on health and education outcomes for children from low-income households in northern rural Burkina Faso. The two school feeding programs under consideration are, on the one hand, school meals where students are provided with lunch each school day, and, on the other hand, take-home rations that provide girls with 10 kg of cereal flour each month, conditional on 90 percent attendance rate. After running for one academic year, both programs increased girls’ enrollment by 5 to 6 percentage points. While there was no observable significant impact on raw scores in mathematics, the time-adjusted scores in mathematics improved slightly for girls. The interventions caused absenteeism to increase in households that were low in child labor supply while absenteeism decreased for households that had a relatively large child labor supply, consistent with the labor constraints. Finally, for younger siblings of beneficiaries, aged between 12 and 60 months, take-home rations have increased weight-for-age by .38 standard deviations and weight-for-height by .33 standard deviations. In contrast, school meals did not have any significant impact on the nutrition of younger children
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bruhn, Miriam The Economic Impact of Banking the Unbanked
    Abstract: This paper examines the effects of providing financial services to low-income individuals on entrepreneurial activity, employment, and income. The analysis exploits cross-time and cross-municipality variation in the opening of Banco Azteca in Mexico to measure these effects with a difference-in-difference strategy. Banco Azteca opened more than 800 branches simultaneously in 2002, focusing on low-income clients. The results show that the opening of Banco Azteca led to an increase in the number of informal business owners by 7.6 percent. Total employment also increased, by 1.4 percent, and average income went up by about 7 percent
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gine, Xavier Put Your Money Where Your Butt Is
    Abstract: The authors designed and tested a voluntary commitment product to help smokers quit smoking. The product (CARES) offered smokers a savings account in which they deposit funds for six months, after which they take a urine test for nicotine and cotinine. If they pass, their money is returned; otherwise, their money is forfeited to charity. Eleven percent of smokers offered CARES tookup, and smokers randomly offered CARES were 3 percentage points more likely to pass the 6-month test than the control group. More importantly, this effect persisted in surprise tests at 12 months, indicating that CARES produced lasting smoking cessation
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Mechler, Reinhard Disasters and Economic Welfare
    Abstract: The debate on whether natural disasters cause significant macroeconomic impacts and indeed hinder development is ongoing. Most analyses along these lines have focused on impacts on gross domestic product. This paper looks beyond this standard national accounting aggregate, and examines whether traditional and alternative national savings measures combined with adjustments for the destruction of capital stocks may contribute to better explaining post-disaster changes in welfare as measured by changes in consumption expenditure. The author concludes that including disaster asset losses may help to better explain variations in post-disaster consumption, albeit almost exclusively for the group of low-income countries. The observed effect is rather small and in the range of a few percent of the explained variation. For low-income countries, capital stock and changes therein, such as forced by disaster shocks, seem to play a more important role than for higher-income economies, where human capital and technological progress become crucial. There are important data constraints and uncertainties, particularly regarding the quality of disaster loss data and the shares of capital stock losses therein. Another important challenge potentially biasing the results is the lack of data on alternative savings measures for many disaster-exposed lower-income countries and small island states
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Coolidge, Jacqueline Tax Compliance Perceptions and Formalization of Small Businesses in South Africa
    Abstract: This paper is based on large-scale surveys of formal and informal small businesses in South Africa, including questions about their experiences and perceptions about tax compliance, tax morale, and related variables. The survey findings suggest that formalization is more likely to take place in urban areas, involving relatively larger firms, and those who already use proper bookkeeping. Informal firms who said they were likely to register for tax in the near future were more likely than other informal firms to report higher satisfaction with government services, and to believe most businesses pay their taxes. The most-cited advantages of being registered for tax included better access to government services, better access to financing, and better opportunities for growth
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G Own and Sibling Effects of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs
    Keywords: Bildungsverhalten ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Kambodscha
    Abstract: Conditional cash transfers have been adopted by a large number of countries in the past decade. Although the impacts of these programs have been studied extensively, understanding of the economic mechanisms through which cash and conditions affect household decisions remains incomplete. This paper uses evidence from a program in Cambodia, where eligibility varied substantially among siblings in the same household, to illustrate these effects. A model of schooling decisions highlights three different effects of a child-specific conditional cash transfer: an income effect, a substitution effect, and a displacement effect. The model predicts that such a conditional cash transfer will increase enrollment for eligible children - due to all three effects - but have an ambiguous effect on ineligible siblings. The ambiguity arises from the interaction of a positive income effect with a negative displacement effect. These predictions are shown to be consistent with evidence from Cambodia, where the child-specific program makes modest transfers, conditional on school enrollment for children of middle-school age. Scholarship recipients were more than 20 percentage points more likely to be enrolled in school and 10 percentage points less likely to work for pay. However, the school enrollment and work of ineligible siblings was largely unaffected by the program
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Chauffour, Jean-Pierre Trade Finance in Crisis
    Abstract: As world leaders have agreed to massively support trade finance, this paper discusses the singularity of the issues related to trade finance in the context of the global economic crisis. Why should international trade finance be a particular issue of concern in the current circumstances? Are there specific market or government failures associated with trade finance that justify a special and differential treatment of the issue by policymakers? If so, what would then be the most appropriate policy instruments to address those concerns? The paper cautions against the notion of a large trade finance "gap," yet highlights the possible rationales and conditions for an effective intervention in support of trade finance
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Knack, Stephen Aid and Trust in Country Systems
    Abstract: The 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness sets targets for increased use by donors of recipient country systems for managing aid. A consensus view holds that country systems are strengthened when donors trust recipients to manage aid funds, but undermined when donors manage aid through their own separate parallel systems. This paper provides an analytical framework for understanding donors’ decisions to trust in country systems or instead to micro-manage aid using their own systems and procedures. Where country systems are sufficiently weak, the development impact of aid is reduced by donors’ reliance on them. Trust in country systems will be sub-optimal, however, if donors have multiple objectives in aid provision rather than a sole objective of maximizing development outcomes. Empirical tests are conducted using data from an OECD survey designed to monitor progress toward Paris Declaration goals. Trust in country systems is measured in three ways: use of the recipient’s public financial management systems, use of direct budget support, and use of program-based approaches. The authors show using fixed effects regression that a donor’s trust in recipient country systems is positively related to (1) trustworthiness or quality of those systems, (2) tolerance for risk on the part of the donor’s constituents, as measured by public support for providing aid, and (3) the donor’s ability to internalize more of the benefits of investing in country systems, as measured by the donor’s share of all aid provided to a recipient
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Dailami, Mansoor Measures of Investor and Consumer Confidence and Policy Actions in the Current Crisis
    Abstract: The current financial crisis has highlighted the danger that declines in confidence can have a self-fulfilling effect on economic activity. In this paper, the authors consider ways of measuring investor and consumer confidence, and try to explain the evolution of confidence using measures of financial volatility, investment performance, macroeconomic outcomes, and policy actions. They identify a link between investor and consumer confidence. Finally, they show that liquidity provision and easing of interest rates had only a limited effect on financial market spreads during the crisis, arguing for additional measures to address the loss of confidence. The paper focuses on the need for financial regulatory reform, and shows how the incentives to cooperate in this area are stimulated by a common shock to confidence
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Schwartz, Jordan Z Crisis in Latin America
    Abstract: Infrastructure investment is a central part of the stimulus plans of the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region as it confronts the growing financial crisis. This paper estimates the potential effects on direct, indirect, and induced employment for different types of infrastructure projects with LAC-specific variables. The analysis finds that the direct and indirect short-term employment generation potential of infrastructure capital investment projects may be considerable - averaging around 40,000 annual jobs per US
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Love, Inessa Credit Constraints and Investment Behavior in Mexico's Rural Economy
    Abstract: This paper uses two recently completed surveys of individual entrepreneurs (farmers and microentrepreneurs) and registered enterprises (agricultural and nonagricultural) operating in Mexico’s rural sector to provide new evidence about the factors influencing the incidence of credit constraints and investment behavior. To measure the incidence of credit constraints, the authors use self-reported information on whether economic agents have a demand for loans, separating formal and informal markets. They define credit constraints as a situation where rural agents report an unsatisfied demand for loans (formal or informal), which originates from rural agents having projects that are too risky or from impediments hindering the ability of rural agents and lenders to reduce information asymmetries. The authors find that the self-reported demand for loans is low. Nevertheless, the incidence of credit constraints is pervasive, especially among individual entrepreneurs. The low use of loans has consequences for the amount of investments that occur in the rural economy, posing a major obstacle to Mexico’s convergence towards its NAFTA partners. The empirical analysis, which includes proxies of business prospects and creditworthiness, shows that improving the availability of loans to credit constrained agents would increase the number of agents making investments and their investment to capital ratios
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Freund, Caroline The Trade Response To Global Downturns
    Abstract: The author examines the impact of historical global downturns on trade flows. The results provide insight into why trade has dropped so dramatically in the current crisis, what is likely to happen in the coming years, how global imbalances are affected, and which regions and industries suffer most heavily. The author finds that the elasticity of global trade volumes to real world GDP has increased gradually from around 2 in the 1960s to above 3 now. The author also finds that trade is more responsive to GDP during global downturns than in tranquil times. The results suggest that the overall drop in real trade this year is likely to exceed 15 percent. There is significant variation across industries, with food and beverages the least affected and crude materials and fuels the most affected. On the positive side, trade tends to rebound very rapidly when the outlook brightens. The author also finds evidence that global downturns often lead to persistent improvements in the ratio of the trade balance to GDP in borrower countries
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Iacovone, Leonardo Banking Crises and Exports
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of banking crises on manufacturing exports exploiting the fact that sectors differ in their needs for external financing. Relying on data from 23 banking crises episodes involving both developed and developing countries during the period 1980-2000 the authors separate the impact of banking crises on export growth from that of other exogenous shocks (i.e. demand shocks). Their findings show that during a crisis the export of sectors more dependent on external finance grow significantly less than other sectors. However, this result holds only for sectors depending more heavily on banking finance as opposed to inter-firm finance. Furthermore, sectors characterized by higher degree of assets tangibility appear to be more resilient in the face of a banking crisis. The effect of the banking crises on exports is robust and additional to external demand shocks. The effect of the latter is independent and additional to that of a banking shock, and is particularly significant for sectors producing durable goods
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fofack, Hippolyte Determinants of Globalization and Growth Prospects for Sub-Saharan African Countries
    Abstract: Over the decades leading to the global financial crisis, the world witnessed a deepening integration of world economies, irrespective of a country’s geographical location on the spherical space. This process of increasing interdependence of world economies, most notably illustrated by the scale of financial flows and movements of goods and services now termed globalization, has been facilitated by research and development and advances in technology, especially in the area of information and communication technology. In spite of its global nature, its expected benefits have not been uniformly distributed, however. This paper shows that the countries and regions that are driving the process of knowledge creation and production of high-tech and manufactured goods, building on frontier technology, are benefiting the most from globalization, increasingly acting as drivers and relegating Sub-Saharan Africa to the end-user status. In this process, the income gap between Sub-Saharan Africa and the globalizers has increased even more. However, the paper also shows that raising the level of technological endowment in Sub-Saharan Africa to that of developed countries could go a long way to bridge Africa's output gaps and improve its export performance in the new globalization landscape of the post-financial crisis era
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Beck, Thorsten Finance in Africa
    Abstract: In spite of shallow financial markets, Sub-Saharan Africa will not escape the repercussions of the global financial crisis. The global turmoil threatens the progress Sub-Saharan Africa has made in financial sector deepening and broadening over the recent years and underlines the importance of continuing and deepening the necessary institutional reforms. In this context it is important to define the role of government in expanding financial sectors in a sustainable and market-friendly manner. Foreign banks have brought more benefits than risks for their host economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, but are certainly not a panacea and not a substitute for institutional and policy reform. The profile of foreign banks, however, has changed, with more and more regional banks emerging. This trend toward regional integration is promising as it might allow the small African financial system to reap benefits from scale economies, but it also requires regulatory and supervisory improvements and coordination across the region
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Friedman, Jed How Many More Infants Are Likely To Die in Africa As A Result of the Global Financial Crisis?
    Abstract: The human consequences of the current global financial crisis for the developing world are presumed to be severe yet few studies have quantified such impact. The authors estimate the additional number of infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa likely due to the crisis and discuss possible mitigation strategies. They pool birth-level data as reported in female adult retrospective birth histories from all Demographic and Health Surveys collected in sub-Saharan Africa nations. This results in a data set of 639,000 births to 264,000 women in 30 countries. The authors use regression models with flexible controls for temporal trends to assess an infant’s likelihood of death as a function of fluctuations in national income. They then apply this estimated likelihood to expected growth shortfalls as a result of the crisis. At current growth projections, their estimates suggest there will be 30,000 - 50,000 excess infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these additional deaths are likely to be poorer children (born to women in rural areas and lower education levels) and are overwhelmingly female. If the crisis continues to worsen the number of deaths may grow much larger, especially those to girls. Policies that protect the income of poor households and that maintain critical health services during times of economic contraction should be considered. Interventions targeted at female infants and young girls may be particularly beneficial
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fofack, Hippolyte Potential Gains From Capital Flight Repatriation for Sub-Saharan African Countries
    Abstract: Despite the recent increase in capital flows to Sub-Saharan Africa, the region remains largely marginalized in financial globalization and chronically dependent on official development aid. And with the potential decline in the level of official development assistance in a context of global financial crisis, the need to increase domestic resources mobilization as well as non-debt generating external resources is critical now more than ever before. However, the debate on resource mobilization has overlooked an important untapped source of funds consisting of the massive stocks of private wealth stashed in Western financial centers, a substantial part of which left the region in the form of capital flight. This paper argues that the repatriation of flight capital should take a more prominent place in this debate from a moral standpoint and for clear economic reasons. On the moral side, the argument is that a large proportion of the capital flight legitimately belongs to the Africans and therefore must be restituted to the legitimate claimants. The economic argument is that repatriation of flight capital will propel the sub-continent on a higher sustainable growth path while preserving its financial stability and without mortgaging the welfare of its future generations through external borrowing. The analysis in the paper demonstrates quantitatively that the gains from repatriation are large and dominate the expected benefits from other sources such as debt relief. It is estimated that if only a quarter of the stock of capital flight was repatriated to Sub-Saharan Africa, the region would go from trailing to leading other developing regions in terms of domestic investment, thus initiating a ‘big-push’-led sustainable long-term economic growth. The paper proposes some strategies for inducing capital flight repatriation, but cautions that the success of this program is contingent on strong political will on the part of African and Western governments and effective coordination and cooperation at the global level
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Brixi, Hana China
    Abstract: The study addresses governance challenges in public service delivery in China. It builds on the citizen scorecard survey conducted in five Chinese cities in 2006 to gauge citizens’ experience with public services, and demonstrates the usefulness of citizens’ feedback for policy development and implementation. The survey found that citizens were generally pleased with urban public services, but worried about the associated fees. Compared with the official urban residents, the urban poor and rural migrants in cities reported sharper utilization constraints, lower readiness to complain or pay informal fees, and a much larger income share spent on public services. The reported citizens’ perceptions sometimes diverged from the evidence and pointed to significant information asymmetries. Explaining the survey results, the study reveals problems of inadequacy, inequality and misaligned incentives in public resource allocation. The study presents several successful experiments reducing the dependence on user fees in basic education and primary healthcare. It recognizes that China has been undertaking comprehensive reforms to enhance equity and quality in public service delivery. Such reforms have included measures to strengthen the regulatory, monitoring, and enforcement systems and accountability relationships. In the context of the ongoing reforms, this study highlights the need to: a) hold the provincial governments accountable for public service delivery performance; b) develop effective mechanisms to align public resources and incentives at each level of government with the national priorities; and c) develop proper means to empower the citizens. In this context, the study affirms that the Chinese government is rightly placing reforms in the intergovernmental, administrative, and public finance systems at the top of its agenda
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Piffaretti, Nadia F Reshaping the International Monetary Architecture
    Abstract: As the global economy undergoes profound changes, it is becoming apparent that the so-called "Revived Bretton Woods System" has increased the overall vulnerability of the global financial architecture. Therefore, it is worth revisiting the origins of the Bretton Woods conference, and pointing out the relevance for today’s framework of Keynes’ original 1942 plan for an International Clearing Union. This note explores the main characteristics of Keynes' original plan, by revisiting his original writings between 1940 and 1944, and outlining its relevance to the current debate on the international financial architecture. The note suggests that reforms of the international financial architecture should include anchoring the international monetary system on sounder institutional ground
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lin, Justin Yifu Toward A Theory of Optimal Financial Structure
    Abstract: Each institutional arrangement in a financial system has both advantages and disadvantages in mobilizing savings, allocating capital, diversifying risks, and processing information when facilitating financial transactions. Meanwhile, the factor endowment in an economy at each stage of its development determines the optimal industrial structure in the real sector, which in turn constitutes the main determinant of the size distribution and risk features of viable enterprises with implications for the appropriate institutional arrangement of financial services at that stage. Therefore, there is an endogenously determined optimal financial structure for the economy at each stage of development
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fofack, Hippolyte Causality Between External Debt and Capital Flight in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: Over the past few decades, the foreign liabilities of the majority of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have grown dramatically, propelling most nations into the status of Highly Indebted Poor Countries, when these liabilities reached unsustainable levels in the 1990s. At the same time, increases in capital flight from the region followed a parallel trend, leading scholars to draw on "revolving door" models to explain the apparent positive covariation of external debt and capital flight in the region. This paper investigates the causality between external debt and capital flight in a cross-section of Sub-Saharan African countries using co-integration and error-correction models. Although dual causality, which is consistent with the revolving door hypothesis, cannot be rejected for the majority of countries, empirical evidence highlights the lead of external debt over capital flight. The significance of error-correction terms points to a long-run co-integrating relationship between external debt and capital flight in a large number of countries
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko Global Inequality and the Global Inequality Extraction Ratio
    Abstract: Using social tables, the author makes an estimate of global inequality (inequality among world citizens) in the early 19th century. The analysis shows that the level and composition of global inequality have changed over the past two centuries. The level has increased, reaching a high plateau around the 1950s, and the main determinants of global inequality have become differences in mean country incomes rather than inequalities within nations. The inequality extraction ratio (the percentage of total inequality that was extracted by global elites) has remained surprisingly stable, at around 70 percent of the maximum global Gini, during the past 100 years
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cull, Robert Measuring Household Usage of Financial Services
    Abstract: In recent years, the number of surveys of access to and use of financial services has multiplied, but little is known about whether the data generated are comparable across countries, or within the same country over time. This paper reports results from a randomized experiment in Ghana to test whether the identity of the respondent and the inclusion of product-specific cues in questions affect the reported rates of household usage of financial services. The analysis shows that rates of household usage are almost identical when the head reports on behalf of the household and when the rate is tabulated from a full enumeration of household use. Randomly selected informants (i.e., non-heads of the household) provide a less complete summary of household use of financial services than the other two methods. The findings also show that for credit from formal institutions, informal sources of savings, and insurance, usage rates are higher when questions are asked about specific financial products rather than about the respondent’s dealings with types of financial institutions. In short, who is asked the questions and the form in which they are asked both matter
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Sauvant, Karl P FDI Protectionism Is On the Rise
    Abstract: Over the past two decades or so, countries have liberalized their FDI regulatory frameworks and have put in place an international investment law regime that provides various protections for international investors. In the past few years, however, there are signs that countries are reevaluating their approach toward such investment. As a result, FDI protectionism is on the rise, with screening of inward M&As becoming more frequent. Typically, this is being done under the guise of "national interest" or similar concepts, often linked to strategic sectors and national champions. While the international investment law regime faces a challenge to find the right balance between the rights and responsibilities of governments and investors, care needs to be taken that the rise of FDI protectionism does not endanger a rules-based approach to FDI. An independent FDI Protectionism Observatory to monitor new protectionist measures and name and shame countries that take them is therefore needed
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Welfare Impacts of Rural Electrification
    Abstract: Access to electricity is crucial for economic development and there is a growing body of literature on the impact of rural electrification on development. However, most studies have so far relied on cross-sectional surveys comparing households with and without electricity, which have well known causal attribution problems. This paper is one of the first studies to examine the welfare impacts of households’ rural electrification based on panel surveys conducted in 2002 and 2005 for some 1,100 households in rural Vietnam. The findings indicate that grid electrification has been both extensive (connecting all surveyed communes by 2005) and intensive (connecting almost 80 percent of the surveyed households by 2005). Vietnam is unusual in that once electricity is locally available, both rich and poor households are equally likely to get the connection. The econometric estimations suggest that grid electrification has significant positive impacts on households’ cash income, expenditure, and educational outcomes. The benefits, however, reach a saturation point after prolonged exposure to electricity. Finally, this study recommends investigating the long-term benefits of rural electrification - not just for households, but for the rural economy as a whole
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Shalizi, Zmarak Climate Change and the Economics of Targeted Mitigation in Sectors With Long-Lived Capital Stock
    Abstract: Mitigation investments in long-lived capital stock (LLKS) differ from other types of mitigation investments in that, once established, LLKS can lock-in a stream of emissions for extended periods of time. Moreover, historical examples from industrial countries suggest that investments in LLKS projects or networks tend to be lumpy, and tend to generate significant indirect and induced emissions besides direct emissions. Looking forward, urbanization and rapid economic growth suggest that similar decisions about LLKS are being or will soon be made in many developing countries. In their current form, carbon markets do not provide correct incentives for mitigation investments in LLKS because the constraint on carbon extends only to 2012, and does not extend to many developing countries. Targeted mitigation programs in regions and sectors in which LLKS is being built at rapid rate are thus necessary to avoid getting locked into highly carbon-intensive LLKS. Even if the carbon markets were extended (geographically, sectorally, and over time), public intervention would still be required, for three main reasons. First, to ensure that indirect and induced emissions associated with LLKS are taken into account in investor’s financial cost-benefit analysis. Second, to facilitate project or network financing to bridge the gap between carbon revenues that accrue over time as the project/network unfolds and the capital needed upfront to finance lumpy investments. Third, to internalize other non-carbon externalities (e.g., local pollution) and/or to lift barriers (e.g., lack of capacity to handle new technologies) that penalize the low-carbon alternatives relative to the high-carbon ones
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Andrabi, Tahir Do Value-Added Estimates Add Value ?
    Abstract: Evaluations of educational programs commonly assume that what children learn persists over time. The authors compare learning in Pakistani public and private schools using dynamic panel methods that account for three key empirical challenges to widely used value-added models: imperfect persistence, unobserved student heterogeneity, and measurement error. Their estimates suggest that only a fifth to a half of learning persists between grades and that private schools increase average achievement by 0.25 standard deviations each year. In contrast, estimates from commonly used value-added models significantly understate the impact of private schools’ on student achievement and/or overstate persistence. These results have implications for program evaluation and value-added accountability system design
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