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  • 2005-2009  (58)
  • 1995-1999  (124)
  • 1990-1994  (134)
  • 1940-1944
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (316)
  • Science Philosophy  (196)
  • Humanities  (170)
  • Science—Philosophy.  (160)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789048126149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 220p. 65 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Applied linguistics ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Applied linguistics ; Humanities ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Argumentation ; Sprachphilosophie
    Abstract: In Fallacies and Judgments of Reasonableness, Frans H. van Eemeren, Bart Garssen and Bert Meuffels report on their systematic empirical research of the conventional validity of the pragma-dialectical discussion rules. The experimental studies they carried out during more than ten years start from the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation developed at the University of Amsterdam, their home university. In these studies they test methodically the intersubjective acceptability of the rules for critical discussion proposed in this theory by confronting ordinary arguers who have not received any special education in argumentation and fallacies with discussion fragments containing both fallacious and non-fallacious argumentative moves. The research covers a wide range of informal fallacies. In this way, the authors create a basis for comparing the theoretical reasonableness conception of pragma-dialectics with the norms for judging argumentative moves prevailing in argumentative practice. Fallacies and Judgments of Reasonableness provides a unique insight into the relationship between theoretical and practical conceptions of reasonableness, supported by extensive empirical material gained by means of sophisticated experimental research.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; 1 Theoretical Background and Organization of the Study; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 A Historical Overview of the Study of Fallacies; 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches to the Fallacies; 1.4 The Pragma-Dialectical Approach; 1.5 Plan of the Empirical Study; 1.6 Structure of this Volume; 2 Considerations Regarding the Design of the Study; 2.1 An Outline of Methodological Backgrounds; 2.2 Bowker and Trapp's Research of Ordinary Arguers' Assessment of Argumentation; 2.3 Implications of the Discussion of Bowker and Trapp's Research
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.4 Schreier, Groeben and Christmann's Studies on "ArgumentationalIntegrity"2.5 Alternative Methods; 3 Ad Hominem Fallacies: An Exemplary Study; 3.1 Variants of the Argumentum Ad Hominem; 3.2 Ad hominem Attacks: Fallacies or Not?; 3.3 Organization of the Study; 3.4 Results; 3.5 Discussion; 3.6 Conclusion; 4 The Confrontation Stage: The Freedom Rule; 4.1 The Freedom Rule; 4.2 The Argumentum Ad Baculum, the ArgumentumAd Misericordiam, Declaring a Standpoint Tabooor Sacrosanct
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3 Judging About the Reasonableness or Unreasonablenessof Discussion Moves with and Without Violation of the FreedomRule4.4 Results; 4.5 Politeness as an Alternative Explanation; 4.6 The Loadedness of the Standpoint; 4.7 Cultural Differences and the Freedom Rule; 4.8 Conclusions; 5 The Opening Stage: The Obligation-to-Defend Rule (I); 5.1 The Obligation-to-Defend Rule in Non-mixed Disputes; 5.2 The Burden of Proof: Onus Probandi; 5.3 Shifting the Burden of Proof; 5.4 Evading the Burden of Proof: Presenting the Standpointas Self-Evident
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.5 Evading the Burden of Proof: Personally Guaranteeingthe correctness of the Standpoint5.6 Evading the Burden of Proof: Immunizing a Standpoint AgainstCriticism; 5.7 Conclusions; 6 The Opening Stage: The Obligation-to-Defend (II); 6.1 The Burden of Proof in Mixed Differences of Opinion; 6.2 The Sequential Problem in Mixed Differences of Opinion; 6.3 The Presumption Principle and the Sequential Problem in MixedDifferences of Opinion; 6.4 The Role of Presumptions in Shifting and Evading the Burden ofProof
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.5 Explicit Verbal Indicators as to the Presumption Principle and Evading the Burden of Proof6.6 The Sequential Order Rule Versus the Obligation-to-Defend Rule; 6.7 Conclusions; 7 The Argumentation Stage: The Argument Scheme Rule; 7.1 Overview of Rules for the Argumentation Stage; 7.2 Argument Schemes, Critical Questions and Types of Fallacies; 7.3 The Argumentum Ad Consequentiam; 7.4 The Argumentum Ad Populum; 7.5 The Fallacy of the Slippery Slope; 7.6 The Fallacy of False Analogy; 7.7 Conclusions; 8 The Concluding Stage: The Concluding Rule; 8.1 The Concluding Rule
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.2 Violations of the Concluding Rule
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 2
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402062810
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    DDC: 179.7
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Ethics ; Philosophy ; Law Medicine ; Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Medicine ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Menschenwürde
    Abstract: The idea of human dignity is central to any reflection on the nature of human worth, and has become a key concept in international and national law, in medical ethics, and in much philosophical and political theory. However, the idea is a complex one that also takes on many different forms. This collection explores the idea of human dignity as it arises within these many different domains, opening up the possibility of a multidisciplinary conversation that illuminates the concept itself, as well as the idea of the human to which it stands in an essential relation. The book is not only an intri
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Introduction to a Conversation; Human Dignity and Human Worth; Human Dignity and Human Being; On Human Dignity: Fragments of an Exploration; Two Conceptions of Dignity: Honour and Self-Determination; Human Dignity and Charity; Human Dignity: Functions and Meanings; A Brief History of Human Dignity: Idea and Application; A Journey Towards Understanding: True and False Dignity; The Question of Dignity: Doubts and Loves and a Whisper from Where the Ruined House Once Stood; Religion and Dignity: Assent and Dissent; Giving the Past Its Dignity; Dignity and Indignity
    Description / Table of Contents: Human Dignity and the LawOn the International Legal Aspects of Human Dignity; Doing Justice to Dignity in the Criminal Law; Human Dignity: The New Phase in International Law; Dignity and Health; Human Dignity: The Perspective of a Gynaecological Oncologist; The Social Origins of Dignity in Medical Care at the End of Life; Dying with Dignity: The Story Reveals Its Meaning; Back Matter;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 3
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402063879
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects 11
    DDC: 370.95
    Keywords: Education ; Arts ; Performing arts ; Humanities
    Abstract: Currently not available, will follow before Dec 30.
    Abstract: Written by leaders in a wide range of creative fields and from all corners of the Asian region, this collection of essays presents arts and education programs which reflect traditional and contemporary practices. The volume brings together researchers, practitioners, educators, children and young people with shared interests in the arts and activities that cross disciplinary divisions and aims to encourage the use of the arts in developing international understanding, celebrating cultural diversity, building cultural bridges and creating cross-cultural dialogue throughout the Asian region. Thi
    Description / Table of Contents: The Arts - Unifying Principles in Education; Masters and Pupils; Art for Education; Arts Education in Iran; The Arts-in-Education Programme; Arts Education in Cambodia; Representation of Japanese Art at the Art Gallery of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia); Mountains in the Evolution of Visual Arts in Kyrgyzstan; Development of Contemporary Art in Thailand; Information Technology, Art Education and Creativity in Singapore; The Power of Creation and Expression in Digital-Age Children; Art Education in Uzbekistan; To Strive, to Seek, to Find and not to Yield
    Description / Table of Contents: Sustainable Education for Sustaining CommunitiesNew and Varied Initiatives in Arts Education for Cultural Development in Philippine Society; Crossroads for Cultural Education Through Music; Symphony and Sa Re Ga; A Paradigm Shift in Teaching Music in Schools; Layers of Thought on Korean Music, Music Education and the Value of Music and Arts in the Context of Education and Human Development; Rasa - A Life Skill; Tertiary Dance Education in Malaysia; Theatre and Education; The Black Box Exercise; Conclusion
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 4
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402068997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 261
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Unterbestimmtheit
    Abstract: This timely book offers a wide-ranging study of the thesis that scientific theories are systematically 'underdetermined' by the data they account for. After analyzing the epistemological and ontological aspects of the topic in detail, and reviewing pertinent logical facts and selected scientific cases, the author carefully examines the merits of arguments for and against the thesis. Along the way, he investigates methodological proposals and recent theories of confirmation.
    Abstract: Underdetermination. An Essay on Evidence and the Limits of Natural Knowledgeis a wide-ranging study of the thesis that scientific theories are systematically 'underdetermined' by the data they account for. This much-debated thesis is a thorn in the side of scientific realists and methodologists of science alike and of late has been vigorously attacked. After analyzing the epistemological and ontological aspects of the controversy in detail, and reviewing pertinent logical facts and selected scientific cases, Bonk carefully examines the merits of arguments for and against the thesis. Along the way, he investigates methodological proposals and recent theories of confirmation, which promise to discriminate among observationally equivalent theories on evidential grounds. He explores sympathetically but critically W.V.Quine and H. Putnam’s arguments for the thesis, the relationship between indeterminacy and underdetermination, and possibilities for a conventionalist solution.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; 1 A Humean Predicament?; 1.1 Aspects of Underdetermination; 1.2 Significance of the Thesis; 1.3 Quine, Realism, and Underdetermination; 1.4 No Quick Solutions; 1.5 Three Responses and Strategies; 2 Underdetermination Issues in the Exact Sciences; 2.1 Logical Equivalence, Interdefinability, and Isomorphism; 2.2 Theorems of Ramsey and Craig; 2.3 From Denotational Vagueness to Ontological Relativity; 2.4 Semantic Arguments; 2.5 Physical Equivalence; 2.6 Underdetermination of Geometry; 3 Rationality, Method, and Evidence; 3.1 Deductivism Revisited; 3.2 Quine on Method and Evidence
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3 Instance Confirmation and Bootstrapping3.4 Demonstrative Induction; 3.5 Underdetermination and Inter-theory Relations; 4 Competing Truths; 4.1 Constructivism; 4.2 Things versus Numbers; 4.3 Squares, Balls, Lines and Points; 4.4 Algorithms; 5 Problems of Representation; 5.1 Ambiguity; 5.2 Conventionalism:Local; 5.3 Conventionalism:Global; 5.4 Verification and Fictionalism; 6 Underdetermination and Indeterminacy; 6.1 Underdetermination of Translation; 6.2 Indeterminacy versus Underdetermination; 6.3 Empirical Investigations of Cognitive Meaning; 6.4 Indeterminacy and the Absence of Fact
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.5 Quine's Pragmatic Interpretation of UnderdeterminationBibliography; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9781402050343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 5
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Perspectives on mathematical practices
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematics ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematik ; Wissenschaftstheorie
    Abstract: In the eyes of the editors, this book will be considered a success if it can convince its readers of the following: that it is warranted to dream of a realistic and full-fledged theory of mathematical practices, in the plural. If such a theory is possible, it would mean that a number of presently existing fierce oppositions between philosophers, sociologists, educators, and other parties involved, are in fact illusory.
    Abstract: Philosophy of mathematics has transformed into a very complex network of diverse ideas, viewpoints, and theories. This title emphasises on the "classical" foundational work (often connected with the use of formal logical methods), and on the sociological dimension of the mathematical research community
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 6
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402063244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 14
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    Keywords: Logic ; Linguistics Science_xLogic design ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic design ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Logik
    Abstract: The fourteenth volume of the Second Edition covers central topics in philosophical logic that have been studied for thousands of years, since Aristotle: Inconsistency, Causality, Conditionals, and Quantifiers. These topics are central in many applications of logic in central disciplines such as computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and philosophy. This book is indispensable to any advanced student or researcher using logic in these areas. The chapters are comprehensive and written by major figures in the field
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Logics of Formal Inconsistency; Causality; On Conditionals; Quantifiers in Formal and Natural Languages; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Springer International Handbook of Research in Arts Education 16
    DDC: 700.71
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    Keywords: Education ; Arts ; Humanities ; Music ; Performing arts ; Ästhetische Erziehung
    Abstract: Providing a distillation of knowledge in the various disciplines of arts education (dance, drama, music, literature and poetry and visual arts), the Handbook synthesizes existing research literature, helps define the past, and contributes to shaping the substantive and methodological future of the respective and integrated disciplines of arts education. While research can at times seem distant from practice, the Handbook aims to maintain connection with the lived practice of art and of education, capturing the vibrancy and best thinking in the field of theory and practice. The Handbook is organized into 13 sections, each centering on a major area or issue in arts education research. These areas include: History of arts education, curriculum, evaluation, cultural centers, appreciation, composition, informal learning, child culture, creativity, the body, spirituality, and technology. The individual chapters address cross-cultural research related to the central theme of the section from the perspectives of the particular arts discipline. Interludes provide reflective thoughts on the theme.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Introduction; List of Reviewers; Section 1 History; 1 Prelude: History of Education and Arts Education; 2 Capitalizing Art Education: Mapping International Histories; 3 Interlude: Arts Education, the Aesthetic and Cultural Studies; 4 A History of Drama Education: A Search for Substance; 5 The Teaching and Learning of Music in the Settings of Family, Church, and School: Some Historical Perspectives; 6 Interlude: History Looking Forward; 7 Social History and Dance as Education; 8 The Teaching of English Language Arts as Poetic Language: An Institutionalist View; Section 2 Curriculum
    Description / Table of Contents: 9 Prelude: Making Sense of Curriculum Research in Arts Education10 Currents of Change in the Music Curriculum; 11 Experiencing the Visual and Visualizing Experiences; 12 Interlude: On Learning to Draw and Paint as an Adult; 13 Proteus, the Giant at the Door: Drama and Theater in the Curriculum; 14 Narrative as Artful Curriculum Making; 15 Interlude: Imagining Ms. Eddy Alive; or, the Return of the Arts Teacher and her Personalized Curriculum; 16 Dance Curriculum Research; 17 Music (and Arts) Education from the Point of View of Didaktik and Bildung
    Description / Table of Contents: 18 Arts Integration in the Curriculum: A Review of Research and Implications for Teaching and Learning19 Artists in the Academy: Curriculum and Instruction; Section 3 Assessment and Evaluation; 20 Prelude: Making Connections in Assessment and Evaluation in Arts Education; 21 To See and to Share: Evaluating the Dance Experience in Education; 22 Harmonizing Assessment and Music in the Classroom; 23 Interlude: Reflections on a Line from Dewey; 24 Assessing English within the Arts; 25 Wrestling with Assessment in Drama Education; 26 Interlude: Assessment and Evaluation in Education and the Arts
    Description / Table of Contents: 27 Evaluation Research in Visual Arts EducationSection 4 Composition; 28 Prelude: The Composition Section Composing as Metaphor and Process; 29 Compositional Process in Music; 30 Four Metaphors of the Composing Process; 31 Interlude: Metaphor and the Mission of the Arts; 32 Composition in Theater: Writing and Devising Performance; 33 Research in Choreography; 34 Interlude: Art and Metaphor, Body and Mind; 35 Composing in Visual Arts; Section 5 Appreciation; 36 Prelude: Locating the Heart of Experience; 37 Moving into Dance: Dance Appreciation as Dance Literacy
    Description / Table of Contents: 38 Appreciation: The Weakest Link in Drama/Theater Education39 Music Appreciation: Exploring Similarity and Difference; 40 Later "In the Early World": The Changing Role of Poetry and Creative Writing in the K-12 Classroom; 41 Teaching Toward Appreciation in the Visual Arts; 42 Interlude: The Arches of Experience; 43 Interlude: On Reading Maxine's Interlude; 44 Postcards from "A World Made Possible": Excerpts from Virtual Conversations; Section 6 Musuems and Cultural Centers; 45 Prelude: Museums, Cultural Centers, and What We Don't Know
    Description / Table of Contents: 46 The Role of Theater in Museums and Historic Sites: Visitors, Audiences, and Learners
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402042652
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 71
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mathematik ; Abstraktion ; Hume, David 1711-1776 ; Zahlentheorie ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This volume collects together a number of important papers concerning both the method of abstraction generally and the use of particular abstraction principles to reconstruct central areas of mathematics along logicist lines. Attention is focused on extending the Neo-Fregean treatment to all of mathematics, with the reconstruction of real analysis from various cut- or cauchy-sequence-related abstraction principles and the reconstruction of set theory from various restricted versions of Basic Law V as case studies.
    Abstract: This volume collects together a number of important papers concerning both the method of abstraction generally and the use of particular abstraction principles to reconstruct central areas of mathematics along logicist lines. Gottlob Frege's original logicist project was, in effect, refuted by Russell's paradox. Crispin Wright has recently revived Frege's enterprise, however, providing a philosophical and technical framework within which a reconstruction of arithmetic is possible. While the Neo-Fregean project has recieved extensive attention and discussion, the present volume is unique in presenting a thorough going examination of the mathematical aspects of the neo-logicist project (and the particular philosophical issues arising from these technical concerns). Attention is focused on extending the Neo-Fregean treatment to all of mathematics, with the reconstruction of real analysis from various cut - or cauchy-sequence-related abstraction principles and the reconstruction of set theory from various restricted versions of Basic Law V as case studies. As a result, the volume provides a test of the scope and limits of the neo-logicist project, detailing what has been accomplished and outlining the desiderata still outstanding. All papers in the anthology have their origins in presentations at Arché events, thus providing a volume that is both a survey of the cutting edge in research on the technical aspects of abstraction and a catalogue of the work in this area that has been supported in various ways by Arché.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Is Hume's Principle Analytic?; Is Hume's Principle Analytic?; Frege, Neo-Logicism and Applied Mathematics; Finitude and Hume's Principle; On Finite Hume; Could Nothing Matter?; On the Philosophical Interest of Frege Arithmetic; "Neo-Logicist" Logic is not Epistemically Innocent; Aristotelian Logic, Axioms, and Abstraction; Frege's Unofficial Arithmetic; Reals by Abstraction; The State of the Economy: Neo-Logicism and Inflation; Frege Meets Dedekind: A Neo-Logicist Treatment of Real Analysis; Neo-Fregean Foundations for Real Analysis: Some Reflections on Frege's Constraint
    Description / Table of Contents: New V, ZF, and AbstractionWell- and Non-Well-Founded Fregean Extensions; Abstraction & Set Theory; Prolegomenon to Any Future Neo-Logicist Set Theory: Abstraction and Indefinite Extensibility; Neo-Fregeanism: An Embarrassment of Riches; Iteration one More Time;
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  • 9
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402055683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: CERC Studies in Comparative Education 17
    DDC: 370.922
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Comparative education ; Education and state ; Education Philosophy ; History ; Humanities ; China ; Pädagogik
    Abstract: This book conveys an understanding of China s educational development from within. It does so through portraits of eleven influential educators whose ideas have shaped the educational reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. These eleven educators are portrayed in the context of their cultural heritage, families, communities and schools, offering their own deeply reflective interpretations of Chinese education. The book provides glimpses into the educational context of China s recent move onto the world stage.
    Abstract: This book conveys an understanding of China??'s educational development from within. It does so through portraits of eleven influential educators whose ideas have shaped the educational reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. These eleven educators are portrayed in the context of their cultural heritage, families, communities and schools, offering their own deeply reflective interpretations of Chinese education. The book provides glimpses into the educational context of China??'s recent move onto the world stage
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Creating the Portraits - An Interpretive Framework; Wang Chengxu - A Leading Figure in Comparative Education; Li Bingde - Pioneer of Learning Theory and Educational Experimentation; Zhu Jiusi - A Visionary University Leader; Pan Maoyuan - Founder of Higher Education Studies in China; Xie Xide - An Outstanding Scientist and Educator; Wang Fengxian - A Leading Philosopher of Education; Wang Yongquan - Higher Education Thinker and Leader; Gu Mingyuan - Comparative Educator and Modernization Theorist; Lu Jie - A Woman Educator of Standing
    Description / Table of Contents: Liu Fonian and Ye Lan - Influential Educators of Two GenerationsComparative Reflections on the Portraits; Back Matter;
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781402050435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 3
    DDC: 121
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Griechenland ; Argumentation ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Wissensbasis ; Geschichte 400 v. Chr.-300
    Abstract: This book offers the first synoptic study of how the primary elements in knowledge structures were analysed in antiquity from Plato to late ancient commentaries. It argues that, in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition, the question of starting points was treated from two distinct points of view: as a question of how we acquire basic knowledge; and as a question of the premises we may immediately accept in the line of argumentation.
    Abstract: If we know something, do we always know it through something else? Does this mean that the chain of knowledge should continue infinitely? Or, rather, should we abandon this approach and ask how we acquire knowledge? Irrespective of the fact that very basic questions concerning human knowledge have been formulated in various ways in different historical and philosophical contexts, philosophers have been surprisingly unanimous concerning the point that structures of knowledge should not be infinite. In order for there to be knowledge, there must be at least some primary elements which may be called 'starting points'. This book offers the first synoptic study of how the primary elements in knowledge structures were analysed in antiquity from Plato to late ancient commentaries, the main emphasis being on the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition. It argues that, in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition, the question of starting points was treated from two distinct points of view: from the first perspective, as a question of how we acquire basic knowledge, and from the second perspective, as a question of the premises we may immediately accept in the line of argumentation. It was assumed that we acquire some general truths rather naturally and that these function as starting points for inquiry. In the Hellenistic period, an alternative approach was endorsed: the very possibility of knowledge became a central issue when sceptics began demanding that true claims should always be distinguishable from false ones.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations and a Note on the Texts; Introduction; The Topic, Scope, and Aim of this Book; The Structure of the Book; A Brief Survey of the Existing Literature; PART I: PLATONIC-ARISTOTELIAN TRADITION; 1. Theories of Argumentation; 1.1 Plato; 1.2 Aristotle; 1.3 Later Developments; 2. Intellectual Apprehension; 2.1 The Connection between the Two Contexts; 2.2 Perception; 2.3 From Perception to Intellection; PART II: ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES; 3. Hellenistic Philosophy; 3.1 Is there a Starting Point for Knowledge?
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 Is There a Transition from the Evident to the Non-Evident?3.3 What is Left for the Sceptic?; 3.4 What Does a Doctor Know? - Medical Empiricism as an Alternative Approach to Scientific Knowledge; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index of Names; Index Locorum; Index of Topics
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-312) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402053313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook Of Phenomenological Research 86
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Zeitlichkeit ; Phänomenologie ; Leben ; Literatur
    Abstract: Temporality pervades all the dynamic joint of existence, and the human being as such. As human beings unfold through ontopoiesis, each move of which punctuates the temporality of life, they, whose life experience, deliberation, planning, reflection and dreaming are permeated by temporal motivations and concerns, feel that they are engaged in the spinning of a common thread. Attributing to that involvement universal laws, constant existential validity and power, they absolutise/hypostasise its rule as a cosmic/human factor: 'time'. Yet today technologies are transforming the temporality of our existence by accelerating, intensifying, expanding our partaking in the world of life. Human communal and social involvement is being challenged in its personal significance to the core of our being. What happens to 'time'? A basic reinvestigation of the nature of temporality is called for. Human creative endeavor - especially literature - may initiate it. Having the human subject - the creator - at its center, literature is essentially engaged in temporality whether that of the mind or of the world of life through the creative process of writing, stage directing, or the reader's and viewer's reception. Out of the cross-motivations that the creative mind filters in its temporal synthesis in touch with all the perspectives of existence, there surges the deepest significance of life in humanity and culture. But, first of all, life comes to light as timing itself in its logos.(Tymieniecka) Papers by: A-T. Tymieniecka, A. Ashvo-Munoz, A. Omrani, R. Gray, T.E. Afejuku, M.-Q. Ma, W.S. Smith, J.S. Smith, V. Kocay, I. Okhamafe, P. Mroz, T. Despotovic, M. Dion, R.M. Painter, V.G. Rivas, W. O'Brien, J. Kim-Reuter, A. Zacharz, L. Kimmel, J. Handerek, M. Durante, V. Reed, M. Statkiewicz, D. Doyle, J. Collins, L. Livesay, R.J. Wilson III.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; A Temporal Chora; Literature and the Sense of the Past; "A Moment in Timelessness": Ben Okri's Astonishing the Gods (1995; 1999); A Mode of Recollection in African Autobiography; "In an Instant of Time": The Imagist Perception and the Phenomenology of the "Upsurge" of the Present in Ezra Pound's Cantos; Ascent Patterns in the Early Poetry of Tennyson; Ontology and Epistemology of Time in the Stage Play: Revisiting Roman Ingarden's The Literary Work of Art and The Cognition of Literary Work of Art; Temporal Sequence and Permanence in Neiges by Saint-John Perse
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Teleological Temporality in Philosophy and Literature: Camus, Achebe, Emerson, Ellison, Hurston, and NietzscheThe Conflicting World-Views of the Traditional and the Modernist Novel; Towards the Infinite Memory; Between the Dialectics of Time-Memory and the Dialectics of Duration-Moment: Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf in Dialogue; TemporalRearrangement of the Moral Cosmos: Alice Munro's Fiction; On the Distinction of Tragedy and Pathos Through the Perusal of Henry James's The Beast in the Jungle; Telling Time: Literature, Temporality and Trauma
    Description / Table of Contents: Transcendence Unbound: Existence and Temporality in Montaigne's EssaysTranslation Lost, Translation Regained - on Temporality, or on Being; Notes on a Poetics of Time; Camus, time and literature; The "Deepening of the Present" Throughout Representation as the Temporal Condition of a Creative Process; "My Dear Time's Waste": The Experience of Time and Creation in Proust; Indexicalities of image, text and time; Achieving a Human Time: What We Can Learn from Faulkner's Benjy; Kafka's The Metamorphosis: Gregor's Da-Sein Paralyzed by Debt
    Description / Table of Contents: Time in Post-Modern Fiction: Time's Arrow, The French Lieutenant's Woman, and "The Alexandria Quartet"Back Matter
    Note: "Published under the auspices of the World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning , Includes bibliographical references and index , International conference proceedings , Selected papers from the 29th annual conference of the International Society of Phenomenology and Literature (affiliated with the World Phenomenology Institute) held May 25-26, 2005, at the Harvard Divinity Schoool, Cambridge, Mass , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402050695
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 9
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Aesthetics ; Architecture ; Music ; Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ästhetik
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781402052163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 90
    Series Statement: Philosophy and medicine
    DDC: 610.1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Metaphysics ; medicine Science_xMetaphysics ; Social sciences Medicine ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Medicine ; Philosophy, Medical ; Bioethics ; Bioethical Issues ; Metaphysics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Biomedizin
    Abstract: Medicine raises numerous philosophical issues. This volume approaches the philosophy of medicine from the broad naturalist perspective. This holds that philosophy must be continuous with, constrained by, and relevant to empirical results of the natural and social sciences. The upshot is a unique volume that ties medicine to contemporary issues in philosophy of science and metaphysics.
    Abstract: Contemporary medicine is a rich source of controversies and examples that raise important issues in philosophy of science, philosophy of biology, and metaphysics. This volume presents a collection of essays in the philosophy of medicine. It also ties medicine to contemporary issues in philosophy of science and metaphysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Normality, Disease and Enhancement; Holistic Theories of Health as Applicable to Non-Human Living Beings; Disease and the Concept of Supervenience; Decision and Discovery in Defining 'Disease'; Race and Scientific Reduction; Towards an Adequate Account of Genetic Disease; Why Disease Persists: An Evolutionary Nosology; Creating Mental Illness in Non-Disordered Community Populations; Gender Identity Disorder; Clinical Trials as Nomological Machines: Implications for Evidence-Based Medicine; The Social Epistemology of NIH Consensus Conferences
    Description / Table of Contents: Maternal Agency and the Immunological Paradox of PregnancyViolence and Public Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Biological Perspectives on Violent Behavior and Public Health Approaches to Violence Prevention; Taking Equipoise Seriously: The Failure of Clinical or Community Equipoise to Resolve the Ethical Dilemmas in Randomized Clinical Trials
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781402059391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Zollner, Hans, 1966 - [Rezension von: Glas, Gerrit, Hearing Visions and Seeing Voices. Psychological Aspects of Biblical Concepts and Personalities] 2009
    DDC: 220.6019
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Psychiatry ; Psychotherapy ; Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Theologie ; Psychologie
    Abstract: This book's aim is to enrich and deepen our psychological understanding of biblical concepts and personalities. The book contains masterful analysis of biblical personalities, such as Job, Jeremiah, Paul, and Jesus. It may help theologians to contextualize their discipline by bringing it into contact with contemporary psychological and existential issues and tensions, both at an individual and a societal level.
    Abstract: This book s aim is to enrich and deepen our psychological understanding of biblical concepts and personalities. Such understanding is relevant for theology as well as for psychology and psychiatry. It may help theologians to contextualize their discipline by bringing it into contact with contemporary psychological and existential issues and tensions, both at an individual and a societal level. It also encourages psychologists and psychiatrists to develop and refine their vocabularies when they try to comprehend the existential meaning of what is transmitted to them by their clients. The book highlights the concepts of prophecy, martyrdom, and messianism from Christian and Judaic perspectives. Each concept offers one biblical figure as representative: Jeremiah, Paul, and Jesus, respectively. The book investigates the possibility of a theological criticism on common frameworks of psychological and psychiatric understanding of the inner world of the client. It also offers new ways to understand the transformative power of religion.
    Description / Table of Contents: Book_Glas_1402059388_FM_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch01_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch02_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch03_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch04_070607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch05_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch06_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch07_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch08_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch09_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch10_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch11_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch12_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch13_070607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch14_210607.pdf
    Description / Table of Contents: Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch15_210607.pdfBook_Glas_1402059388_Ch16_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch17_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch18_210607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch19_070607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch20_070607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Ch21_070607.pdf; Book_Glas_1402059388_Index_210607.pdf
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402062568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 82
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Coskun, Deniz Law as symbolic form
    DDC: 340
    RVK:
    Keywords: Law Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Law ; Political science ; Humanities ; Cassirer, Ernst 1874-1945 ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Abstract: This book describes the rule of law as the reign of persuasion rather than the reign of force, and democracy as the reign by persuasion rather than the reign by force. It synthesizes a vast amount of current Cassirer-literature and makes a contribution to jurisprudence. The book is the first systematic elaboration on law as a symbolic form and it sheds new light on a still dark area of intellectual and jurisprudential thought.
    Abstract: Jurisprudence, according to Cassirer, is not merely the systematic, conceptual pursuance of ethics. They are separate domains for Cassirer, and both direct their claims differently on the individual. Whereas ethics concerns the motives of the individual, law ultimately achieves a cosmos for our world of outward actions. However, they are not separated by a neutral line or a vacuum. For law to have effect as a symbolic form it is necessary that it reflects the law in the mind of people i.e., that one could and ought to have assented to it out of ethical principles and maxims. The conceptual analysis of law goes hand to hand with its genetic account. Both ethics and law are products of, spring forth from the formative or symbolic powers of man, and although, as any other symbolism, they might confront us as something objective, i.e., as part of reality that is beyond our immediate reach, ultimately we must always bring them to account to their very source: our independent and individual moral judgment. In this book we describe the rule of law as the reign of persuasion rather than the reign of force, and democracy as the reign by persuasion rather than the reign by force.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Cassirer's Public Engagement with Weimar; Cassirer And Heidegger. An Intermezzo on Magic Mountain; Cassirer In Exile An Essay On The Recovery Of Individual Moral Judgement; The Politics Of Myth. Cassirer's Pathology Of The Totalitarian State; The Philosophy Of Symbolic Forms; Cassirer's Position In Relation To Neo-Kantianism?; Law As A Symbolic Form; The Linguistic Turn Of Social Contract Theory; Cassirer's Position In Relation To Neo-Kantian Jurisprudence; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 339-378) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9781402062445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 12
    DDC: 400
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Englisch ; Konversationsanalyse ; Argumentation ; Diskursmarker
    Abstract: This volume identifies and analyses English words and expressions that are crucial for an adequate reconstruction of argumentative discourse. It provides a systematic set of instruments for giving a well founded analysis that results in an analytic overview of the elements that are relevant for the evaluation of the argumentation. By starting from everyday examples, the study immediately connects with the practice of argumentative discourse.
    Abstract: Argumentative Indicators: A Pragma-Dialectical Study identifies and analyses English words and expressions that are crucial for an adequate reconstruction of argumentative discourse. It provides the analyst of argumentative discussions and texts with a systematic set of instruments for giving a well founded analysis which results in an analytic overview of the elements that are relevant for the evaluation of the argumentation. In the book a systematic connection is made between linguistic insights into the characteristics of argumentative discourse and insights from argumentation theory into the resolution of differences of opinion by means of argumentation.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9781402051456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 27
    DDC: 214
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Hochschulschrift ; Rowe, William L. 1931- ; Das Böse ; Theodizee
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 347-367) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9781402029875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies In The Philosophy Of Science 241
    DDC: 306.4509409034
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Physics History ; Geschichte
    Abstract: This fascinating text is an exploration of the relationship between science and philosophy in the early nineteenth century. This subject remains one of the most misunderstood topics in modern European intellectual history. By taking the brilliant career of Danish physicist-philosopher Hans ChristianØrsted as their organizing theme, leading international philosophers and historians of science reveal illuminating new perspectives on the intellectual map of Europe in the age of revolution and romanticism.
    Abstract: The relations between science and philosophy in the early nineteenth century remain one of the most misunderstood topics in modern European intellectual history. By taking the brilliant career of Danish physicist-philosopher Hans Christian Ørsted as their organizing theme, leading international philosophers and historians of science reveal illuminating new perspectives on the intellectual map of Europe in the age of revolution and romanticism. They show how Ørsted, an intrepid traveller and cosmopolitan from the periphery of enlightened Europe, mediated between the great scientists of Germany, France, and Britain and profoundly shaped post-kantian philosophy and the emerging new energy physics of the nineteenth-century.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; The Way From Nature To God; The Other Side Of Ørsted: Civil Obedience; The Making Of A Danish Kantian: Science And The New Civil Society; Phrenology And Danish Romanticism; Natural Ends And The End Of Nature; The Influence Of Kant's Philosophy On The Young H. C. Ørsted; Ørsted's Concept Of Force And Theory Of Music; Kant-Naturphilosophie-Electromagnetism; Steffens, Ørsted, And The Chemical Construction Of The Earth; The Culture Of Science And Experiments In Jena Around 1800; The Romantic Experiment As Fragment; Ørsted And The Rational Unconscious
    Description / Table of Contents: Romanticism And Resistance: Humboldt And "German" Natural Philosophy In Napoleonic FranceBetween Enlightenment And Romanticism: The Case Of Dr. Thomas Beddoes; Ørsted's Presentation Of Others'-And His Own-Work; Ørsted, Ritter, And Magnetochemistry; Ørsted's Work On The Compressibility Of Liquids And Gases, And His Dynamic Theory Of Matter; Hans Christian Ørsted's Spiritual Interpretation Of Natural Science; The Spiritual In The Material; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402049897
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects 5
    DDC: 306.3/4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Humanities ; Personnel management ; Social sciences ; Industriesoziologie ; Identität ; Selbst ; Arbeitsplatz ; Psychologie
    Abstract: This book examines continuity and change of identity formation processes at work under conditions of modern working processes and labor market flexibility. By bringing together perspectives from sociology, psychology, organizational management, and vocational education and training, it connects the debates of skills formation, human resources development, and careers with individual's work commitment and professional orientations.
    Abstract: This edited volume on Identities at Work brings together international theory and empirical research that deals with continuity and change of identity formation processes at work under conditions of modern working processes and labour market flexibility. By bringing together perspectives from sociology, psychology, organisational management and vocational education and training the contributions in this volume connect the debates of skills formation, human resources development and careers with individual s work commitment and professional orientations in various ways. With this focus the volume presents a new research perspective based on an interdisciplinary and international approach. We argue that in times of globalisation and rapidly changing work realities such an approach is needed to better understand and analyse what is required to equip and prepare the workforce to meet international labour market demands. In this sense the publication shall serve as a useful resource to researchers and policy makers working in the fields of skills formation, human resources development and organisational management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Book Series Scope; Introduction by the Series Editors; CONTENTS; List of Figures and Tables; Contributors; Introduction and Overview; Part One: Vocational Identity in Theory and Empirical Research; 1 Decomposing and Recomposing Occupational Identities-A Survey of Theoretical Concepts; 2 Tensions in the Vocational Identity of Danish Bankers; 3 The Role of Developing a Vocational Identity for Women- The Example of Young Single German Mothers; 4 The 'Double' Vocational Identity of the Working Population in the Greek Tourist Industry; 5 Vocational Education and Training-A European Perspective
    Description / Table of Contents: Part Two: Work and Personal Identity6 Career Changes and Identity Continuities-A Contradiction?; 7 Exercising Self Through Working Life: Learning, Work and Identity; 8 The Much Vaunted 'Flexible Employee'-What Does it Take?; Part Three: Work and Commitment; 9 The Dynamics Between Organisational Commitment and Professional Identity Formation at Work; 10 Apprentices' Experiences of Occupational and Organisational Commitment: An Empirical Investigation in a German Automobile Company; 11 The Individualisation of Identification with Work in a European Perspective
    Description / Table of Contents: 12 Work Identity in the Japanese Context: Stereotype and RealityPart Four: Modern Work and the Creation of New Professional Identities; 13 The Construction of a New Professional Self: A Critical Reading of the Curricula for Nurses and Computer Engineers in Norway; 14 US Efforts to Create a New Professional Identity for the Bioscience Industry; Concluding Chapter; Index
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781402050565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Slotemaker, John T. [Rezension von: Balserak, Jon, Divinity Compromised: A Study of Divine Accommodation in the Thought of John Calvin] 2008
    Series Statement: Studies in early modern religious reforms 5
    DDC: 200
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Calvin, Jean 1509-1564 ; Gottesvorstellung
    Abstract: This is the first monograph devoted to divine accommodation in the writings of John Calvin. The text offers careful analysis of the topic along several different lines: it analyzes the character of Calvin's thinking on accommodation; it reveals the ways in which accommodation expresses itself in his writings; it probes the question of the penetration of accommodation into Calvin's theology and particularly its implications for his doctrine of God.
    Abstract: This book is the first monograph devoted to the theme of divine accommodation in the writings of John Calvin to appear in any language. The work offers careful analysis of the topic along several different lines: it analyzes the character of Calvin's thinking on accommodation. It gives an account of the ways in which accommodation expresses itself in his writings. It probes the question of the penetration of accommodation into Calvin's theology and particularly its implications for his doctrine of God. And it compares Calvin's handling of accommodation with that of other exegetes in order to set his thinking in context. In pursuing these matters, Dr Balserak provides a rigorous consideration of many of the individual places in Calvin's corpus where he discusses accommodation. This enables him to set out a summary of the basic qualities which characterize Calvin's handling of the motif. The addition of chapters on the relationship of Calvin's thought on accommodation to his use of the potentia absoluta/ordinata distinction and on the influence of accommodation on his views on the truth and applicability of Scripture allows this study to examine its topic from different angles. This, coupled with the thoroughness of the author's analysis, results in a work which offers a substantial reassessment of Calvin's thinking on divine accommodation.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Divine accommodation in the tradition and calvin; Human captus; God's accommodating responses to human captus; God's reasons for accommodating-images of god in calvin's handling of accommodation; Accommodation and calvin'ng on the power of god; The volatility of accommodation; Concluding reflections
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9781402048203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Archimedes (Dordrecht, Netherlands) v. 15
    DDC: 580.22209033
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Botanik ; Illustration ; Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Pflanzen ; Illustration ; Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Botanik ; Illustration ; Geschichte 1700-1800
    Abstract: This book is the first in-depth study of eighteenth-century botanical illustrations. Its findings offer a completely new insight into the working practices of the botanists and scientific draughtsmen of this period. The author describes the different production stages of these illustrations. For the first time, the author presents a convincing description of how botanical illustrations developed, ascertaining the criteria that drove this process.
    Abstract: Presents a study of 18th-century botanical illustrations, offering insight into the working practices of botanists and scientific draughtsmen of this period. This book describes the different production stages of these illustrations, traces their uses, and explores their visual language, with particular emphasis on the difficult issue of colour
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; The Making of Botanical Illustrations; The Content of Botanical Illustrations; The Role of Botanical Illustrations; Visual Language; Links with Tradition; The Construction of Botanical Illustrations; Methods and Materials
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Revised thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Bern, 2002 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402045882
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 15
    DDC: 370.1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Education Philosophy ; Education, Higher ; Humanities ; Körper ; Erziehung
    Abstract: Discursive accounts of the body have been prominent recently. While acknowledging the usefulness of these, the author, drawing upon specific philosophers of the body and a wide range of other theorists, focuses attention on the experiencing body - which she refers to as 'creatural existence'. Thinking in terms of the creatural, she argues, can better situate human beings in their environment, thus emphasizing a kind of 'ecological notion of subjectivity', in which place-based existence is understood anew. The educational implications of focusing on what bodies 'do' and not so much in terms of how they are socially inscribed, presents them as practico-sensory totalities which should perhaps be seen as systems rather than an as a mere organism or entity. Such an articulation of creatural existence emphasizes animality, and in so doing reminds us of the centrality of the senses in all knowing and doing, including crucially, in relation to those practices which we have understood as 'work'. Multi-sensorial education is a major sub-theme of the book and the author argues persuasively for this by means of a critical analysis of the ocular centrism that is characteristic of contemporary culture. With its strong philosophical anchoring and its judicial use of interdisciplinary sources this book will appeal to both undergraduate and graduate students and their teachers not only in the field of philosophy of education but those from many others disciplines. It will also interest primary and secondary school teachers, curriculum designers and education policy makers. 'Marjorie O'Loughlin shows in this book that embodiment ought to be central to human hopes to be whole persons, who are not merely productive but who are also expressive of our potentiality. Her 'creatural existence' grounds this in our fleshly selves, and she explores it through the emotions, through work, and through citizenship. Her achievement here is profound: in one book, we find an interdisciplinary account of the evidence for creatural existence, presented accessibly in first-person philosophical narrative, based mainly on Merleau-Ponty. If bodies matter more than ever in everyday life, educators should start with our fleshly selves and move creatively forward. O'Loughlin points out the direction...and pushes us persuasively: you can feel the nudge!' David Beckett, Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne
    Description / Table of Contents: The Scopic Regime and the Ordering of the World; Creatural Embodiment; Working Bodies; Emotion, Sociality and Embodiment; Embodied Citizenship
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402041013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [2004] 12
    DDC: 146.42
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ramsey, Frank Plumpton 1903-1930 ; Wiener Kreis
    Abstract: The Institute Vienna Circle held a conference in Vienna in 2003, Cambridge and Vienna - Frank P. Ramsey and the Vienna Circle, to commemorate the philosophical and scientific work of Frank Plumpton Ramsey (1903-1930). This Ramsey conference provided not only historical and biographical perspectives on one of the most gifted thinkers of the Twentieth Century, but also new impulses for further research on at least some of the topics pioneered by Ramsey, whose interest and potential are greater than ever. Ramsey did pioneering work in several fields, practitioners of which rarely know of his important work in other fields: philosophy of logic and theory of language, foundations of mathematics, mathematics, probability theory, methodology of science, philosophy of psychology, and economics. There was a focus on the one topic which was of strongest mutual concern to Ramsey and the Vienna Circle, namely the question of foundations of mathematics, in particular the status of logicism. Although the major scientific connection linking Ramsey with Austria is his work on logic, to which the Vienna Circle dedicated several meetings, certainly the connection which is of greater general interest concerns Ramsey's visits and discussions with Wittgenstein. Ramsey was the only important thinker to actually visit Wittgenstein during his school-teaching career in Puchberg and Ottertal in the 1920s, in Lower Austria, and later, Ramsey was instrumental in getting Wittgenstein positions at Cambridge.
    Description / Table of Contents: Frank Ramsey - A Biographical Sketch; Wittgenstein and Ramsey; The Vicious Circle Principle; Ramsey's Psychological Theory of Belief; Discovering "Weight, or the Value of Knowledge"; Ramsey's Ramsey-sentences; Ramsey and the Vienna Circle on Logicism; Logical Problems Suggested by Logicism; The Foundation of Human Evaluation in Democracies from Ramsey to Damasio; Ramsey'S "Note on Time"; Philosophy of Science after the Social Turn; Notes on the Origins of Fleck's Concept of "Denkstil"; Hans Reichenbach and Logical Empiricism in Turkey
    Description / Table of Contents: Steve Awodey & Carsten Klein (eds.), Carnap Brought Home: The View from Jena. Full Circle: Publications of the Archive of Scientific Philosophy. Volume 2. Chicago: Open Court, 2004Bergmann, Gustav, Collected Works Vol. I: Selected Papers I, edited by E. Tegtmeier , Frankfurt/Lancaster: Ontos-Verlag, 2003; Ferrari, Massimo : Ernst Cassirer - Stationen einer philosophischen Biographie. Von der Marburger Schule zur Kulturphilosophie, Meiner: Hamburg, 2003 (German translation of Cassirer. Dalla Scuola di M
    Description / Table of Contents: Richard C. Jeffrey , Subjective Probability: The Real Thing, Cambridge University Press, 2004 Richard C. Jeffrey , After Logical Empiricism/Depois do Empirismo Lógico, English edition with Portuguese; Patrick Suppes , Representation and Invariance of Scientific Structures, CSLI publications, Stanford, California (distributed by Chicago University Press)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9781402042126
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 59
    DDC: 323/.09
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    Keywords: History ; Political Science ; Law History ; Humanities ; Law Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Recht ; Geschichte 1200-1500 ; Recht ; Geschichte 1500-1800 ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Geschichte 1300-1800
    Abstract: Rights language is a fundamental feature of the modern world. Virtually all significant social and political struggles are waged, and have been waged for over a century now, in terms of rights claims. In some ways, it is precisely the birth of modern rights language that ushers in modernity in terms of moral and political thought, and the struggle for a modern way of life seems for many synonymous with the fight for a universal recognition of equal, individual human rights. Where did modern rights language come from? What kinds of rights discourses is it rooted in? What is the specific nature of modern rights discourse, when and where were medieval and ancient notions of rights transformed into it? Can one in fact find any single such transformation of medieval into modern rights discourse? This book brings together some of the most central scholars in the history of medieval and early-modern rights discourse. Through the different angles taken by its authors, the volume brings to light the multifaceted nature of rights languages in the medieval and early modern world.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; 1. Are There Any Individual Rights or Only Duties?; 2. Rights and Duties in Late Scholastic Discussion on Extreme Necessity; 3. Right(s) in Ockham: A Reasonable Vision of Politics; 4. Politics, Right(s) and Human Freedom in Marsilius of Padua; 5. Summenhart's Theory of Rights; 6. Moral Self-Ownership and Ius Possessionis in Late Scholastics; 7. Dominion of Self and Natural Rights Before Locke and After; 8. Natural Law and Practical Reasoning in Late Medieval Scholasticism; 9. Liberty and Natural Rights in Pufendorf's Natural Law Theory
    Description / Table of Contents: 10. Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness11. The Lockean Rightholders; Index Of Names
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-310) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781402032615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 242
    DDC: 540.1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Chemie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This comprehensive volume marks a new standard in scholarship in the emerging field of the philosophy of chemistry. Philosophers, chemists, and historians of science ask some fundamental questions about the relationship between philosophy and chemistry.
    Abstract: Including selections drawn from a wide range of scholarly disciplines, philosophers, chemists, and historians of science, this work asks some of the fundamental questions about the relationship between philosophy and chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; The Philosophy of Chemistry; Aristole's Theory of Chemical Reaction and Chemical Substances; Kant's Legacy for the Philosophy of Chemistry; The Conceptual Structure of the Sciences; Normative and Descriptive Philosophy of Science and the Role of Chemistry; How Classical Models of Explanation Fail to Cope with Chemistry; Professional Ethics in Science; Is There Downward Causation in Chemistry?; Physics in the Crucible of Chemistry; Some Philosophical Implications of Chemical Symmetry; The Periodics Systems of Molecules; A New Paradigm for Schrödinger and Kohn; Virtual Tools
    Description / Table of Contents: Space in Molecular Representation or How Pictures Represent Objects; Visualizing Instrumental Techniques of Surface Chemistry; Are Chemical Kinds Natural Kinds?; Water is Not H2O; From Metaphysics to Metachemistry
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9781402046612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Annual Bibliography of the History of the Printed Book and Libraries 31
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    DDC: 010.42
    Keywords: Humanities ; Publishers and publishing ; Humanities / Arts ; Humanities ; Publishers and publishing
    Abstract: Aims at recording articles of scholarly value which relate to the history of the printed book, to the history of arts, crafts, techniques and equipment, and of the economic social and cultural environment, involved in its production, distribution, conservation and description
    Description / Table of Contents: General Works about the History of the Printed Book and Libraries; Paper, Inks, Printing Materials; Calligraphy, Type Design, Typefounding; Layout, Composing, Printing, Presses, Printed Books (incl. incunabula, etc.); Book Illustration; Bookbinding; Book Trade, Publishing; Bibliophily, Book Collecting; Libraries, Librarianship, Scholarship, Institutions; Legal, Economic, Social Aspects; Newspapers, Periodicals, and Journalism; Relation to Secondary Subjects (mainly in order of DC);
    Description / Table of Contents: General Works about the History of the Printed Book and Libraries; Paper, Inks, Printing Materials; Calligraphy, Type Design, Typefounding; Layout, Composing, Printing, Presses, Printed Books (incl. incunabula, etc.); Book Illustration; Bookbinding; Book Trade, Publishing; Bibliophily, Book Collecting; Libraries, Librarianship, Scholarship, Institutions; Legal, Economic, Social Aspects; Newspapers, Periodicals, and Journalism; Relation to Secondary Subjects (mainly in order of DC);
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Cover
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9781402047138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston studies in the philosophy of science v. 247
    DDC: 501
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    Keywords: Phenomenology ; Science, general ; Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Naturwissenschaften ; Phänomenologie ; Hermeneutik ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book sets out an extensive argument against the foundationalist theories of justification, and advocates new life for philosophy of science. The author brings together aspects of an ontology of the interpretative constitution of research objects and a holistic picture of science's cognitive structures. The book is a contribution to a wide range of discussion concerning the post-Gadamerian extension of philosophical hermeneutics beyond the scope of the traditional humanistic culture.
    Abstract: Whether philosophy of science is crucially tied down to epistemological justification is a significant topic of contemporary debates. This book sets out an argument against the foundationalist theories of justification. In developing a project of a hermeneutic context of constitution, it advocates new life for philosophy of science
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; PREFACE; INTRODUCTION; Chapter One; IDEAS FOR THE SITUATED TRANSCENDENCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH; Chapter Two; REFORMULATING THE CONCEPT OF ""NORMAL SCIENCE"" IN THE FRAMEWORK OF HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY; Chapter Three; HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH; Chapter Four; THE NORMATIVITY OF NORMAL SCIENCE: HERMENEUTIC CONTECTUALISM AND PROTO-NORMATIVITY; NOTES; REFERENCES; NAME INDEX
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-256) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402053405
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Information Science and Knowledge Management 11
    DDC: 501.4
    Keywords: Library Science ; Humanities ; Information systems ; Publishers and publishing ; Social sciences ; Elektronische Zeitschrift ; Geschichte 1987-2004 ; Kommunikation ; Wissenschaft ; Auswirkung ; Digitalisierung ; Zeitschriftenaufsatz ; Digitalisierung ; Wissenschaftliche Literatur
    Abstract: Outlines the consequences of digitization for peer-reviewed research articles published in electronic journals. This book provides a study of electronic journals over the period 1987-2004 and offers an approach that questions ideas about the 'revolutionary' impact of digitization on scientific communication and the role of publishers and academia
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION; THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION; THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM; THE DIGITIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES; THE ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 1987-2004; DIGITIZATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402046704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: BOSTON STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 246
    DDC: 537.2446
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    Keywords: Science Science_xHistory ; Particles (Nuclear physics) ; Crystallography ; Physics History ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Piezoelektrizität ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The Beginnings of Piezoelectricity, the first history of the subject, exhaustively examines how diverse influences led to the discovery of the phenomenon in 1880, and how they shaped subsequent research until the consolidation of an empirical and theoretical knowledge of the field circa 1895. Shaul Katzir's historical account shows that this 'mundane' science was an intriguing intellectual and practical enterprise, which involved originality, surprises and controversies.
    Abstract: Studies a particular subdiscipline representative of many similar "mundane" branches of physics that did not bear revolutionary consequences beyond their field. This work shows that this mundane science was an intriguing intellectual and practical enterprise, which involved, among other things, originality, surprises and controversies
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; INTRODUCTION; THE DISCOVERY OF THE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT; THE ROAD TO THE DESCRIPTIVE THEORY; THEORIES AND MODELS ABOUT THE CAUSES OF THE PIEZOELECTRIC PHENOMENA; THEORETICAL ELABORATION OF VOIGT'S THEORY; EMPIRICAL WORK IN THE 1890s; Back Matter
    Note: Dissertation , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9781402041945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Gunnoe, Charles D. [Rezension von: Bruening, Michael W., Calvinism's First Battleground: Conflict and Reform in the Pays de Vaud, 1528-1559] 2007
    Series Statement: Studies in Early Modern Religious Reforms 4
    DDC: 284.2494
    Keywords: History ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Waadt ; Reformation ; Calvinismus ; Geschichte 1528-1559
    Abstract: Talks about Calvinism's first battleground
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION; POLITICS AND DIPLOMACY IN VAUD; ZWINGLIANISM AND LUTHERANISM IN BERN; THE CLASH OF THE OLD AND NEW FAITHS; FROM SACRAMENTARIANS TO CALVINISTS; FROM POLITICAL CALVINISM TO THE REFORMATION OF THE REFUGEES; FROM THE PAYS DE VAUD TO FRANCE; CONCLUSION;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9781402042515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 232 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Archimedes 14
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Revisiting discovery and justification
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Entdeckung ; Verifikation
    Abstract: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has left a turbulent wake in the philosophy of science. This book recognizes the need to re-open the debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. The discussion clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Abstract: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has had a turbulent career in philosophy of science. At times celebrated as the hallmark of philosophical approaches to science, at times condemned as ambiguous, distorting, and misleading, the distinction dominated philosophical debates from the early decades of the twentieth century to the 1980s. Until today, it informs our conception of the content, domain, and goals of philosophy of science. It is due to this fact that new trends in philosophy of experimentation and history and sociology of science have been marginalized by traditional scholarship in philosophy. To acknowledge properly this important recent work we need to re-open the debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. The contributions to this volume provide close readings and detailed analyses of the original textual sources for the context distinction. They revise those accounts of 'forerunners' of the distinction that have been written through the lens of Logical Empiricism. They map, clarify, and analyse the derivations and mutations of the context distinctions as we encounter them in current history and philosophy of science. The re-evaluation of the distinction helps us deal with the philosophical challenges that the New Experimentalism and historically, socio-politically and economically oriented science studies have placed before us. This volume thus clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Some Thoughts on the Discovery Justification Distinction; Inductive Justification and Discovery; Freedom in a Scientific Society: Reading the Context of Reichenbach's Contexts; Germano Cantabrigian History of the Fundamental Ideas; Autonomy versus Development: Duhem on Progress in Science; Psychologism and the Distinction Between Discovery and Justification; Context of Discovery versus Context of Justification and Thomas Kuhn; Weaknesses of the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Science; Heuristic Appraisal: Context of Discovery or Justification
    Description / Table of Contents: Concept Formation and the Limits of Justification Discovering the two ElectricitiesContexts of Justifying and Discovering the Nature of Ecosystems; On the Inextricability of the Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9781402040894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 13
    DDC: 509.2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Physics History ; Science (General) ; Humanities ; Biografie ; Morley, Edward William 1838-1923 ; USA ; Naturwissenschaften ; Geschichte 1860-1910 ; USA ; Naturwissenschaften ; Chemie ; Geschichte 1800-1900 ; Morley, Edward William 1838-1923
    Abstract: "An American Scientist on the Research Frontier is the first scholarly study of the nineteenth-century American scientist Edward Williams Morley. In part, it is the long-overdue story of a man who lent his name to the Michelson and Morley Ether-Drift Experiment, and who conclusively established the atomic weight of oxygen. It is also the untold story of science in provincial America: what Hamerla presents as science on the ""American research frontier"". This important examination of Morley's struggle for personal and professional legitimacy extends and transforms our understanding of science during a foundational period, and leads to a number of unique conclusions that are vital to the literature and historiography of science. By revealing important aspects of the scientific culture of the American heartland, An American Scientist on the Research Frontier deepens our understanding of an individual scientist and of American science more broadly. In so doing, Hamerla changes the way we approach and understand the creation of scientific knowledge, scientific communities, and the history of science itself."
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; The Morleys; Edward Morley: Education, Civil War, and the Western Reserve; Making a Place; Kindred Spirits: The Ether Drift; Intellectual Heritage, Prout's Hypothesis; Oxygen
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-254) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402042072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in history and philosophy of science v. 20
    DDC: 121
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Musgrave, Alan 1940- ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Musgrave, Alan 1940- ; Philosophie
    Abstract: Alan Musgrave has consistently defended two positions that he regards as commonsensical: critical realism and critical rationalism. In this volume a group of internationally-renowned authors discuss themes that are relevant in one way or another to Musgrave's work. Rather than a standard celebratory festschrift, this book offers a new examination of topics of current interest in philosophy. The contributory essays are followed by responses from Alan Musgrave himself.
    Abstract: Alan Musgrave has consistently defended two positions that he regards as commonsensical - critical realism and critical rationalism. In defence of critcal realism he argues for the objective existence of the external world as opposed to idealism, as well as arguing for scientific realism against all anti-realist accounts of science. His critical rationalism is drawn from the work of Karl Popper and stands opposed to inductivist and irrationalist methodologies. In defence of these positions, Musgrave's writings have covered a wide range of topics in epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, history of science, theories of truth, and economic theory. In this volume a group of internationally-renowned authors discuss themes that are relevant in one way or another to Musgrave's work. This is not intended as a standard celebratory festschrift but rather as a new examination of topics of current interest in philosophy. The contributory essays are followed by responses from Alan Musgrave himself.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Where Does the Burden of Theory Lie?; Testimony, Induction and Reasonable Belief; Theory-Confirmation and History; Critical Rationalism and its Failure to Withstand Critical Scrutiny; Methodological Rules, Rationality, and Truth; Why is it Rational to Believe Scientific Theories are True?; Thinking About the Ultimate Argument for Realism; The Unseen World; Why Alan Musgrave Should Become an Essentialist; The Metaphysics of Realism and Structural Realism; Scientific Realism and Mathematical Nominalism: A Marriage Made in Hell
    Description / Table of Contents: A Methodological Critique of the Semantic Conception of TheoriesA Refutation of Peircean Idealism; Historiography as a Hypothetico-Deductive Science: A Criticism of Methodological Historism; Ptolemy's Musical Models for Mind-Maps and Star-Maps; Responses
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781402033957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A 39
    DDC: 121.3
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Rationalität ; Sprachphilosophie ; Kulturtheorie ; Evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: For the first time in history, scholars working on language and culture from within an evolutionary epistemological framework, and thereby emphasizing complementary or deviating theories of the Modern Synthesis, were brought together. Of course there have been excellent conferences on Evolutionary Epistemology in the past, as well as numerous conferences on the topics of Language and Culture. However, until now these disciplines had not been brought together into one all-encompassing conference. Moreover, previously there never had been such stress on alternative and complementary theories of the Modern Synthesis. Today we know that natural selection and evolution are far from synonymous and that they do not explain isomorphic phenomena in the world. 'Taking Darwin seriously' is the way to go, but today the time has come to take alternative and complementary theories that developed after the Modern Synthesis, equally seriously, and, furthermore, to examine how language and culture can merit from these diverse disciplines. As this volume will make clear, a specific inter- and transdisciplinary approach is one of the next crucial steps that needs to be taken, if we ever want to unravel the secrets of phenomena such as language and culture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to evolutionary epistemology, language and culture; Evolutionary epistemology: The non-adaptationist approach; Like cats and dogs: Radical constructivism and evolutionary epistemology; The biological boundary conditions for our classical physical world view; Is the real world something more than the world of our experience? Relations between Neo-Darwinism, transcendental philosophy and cognitive sciences; Universal Darwinism and process essentialism; Darwinism, traditional linguistics and the new Palaeolithic Continuity Theory of language evolution
    Description / Table of Contents: The extended mind model of the origin of language and cultureFrom changes in the world to changes in the words; Evolutionary epistemology and the origin and evolution of language: Taking symbiogenesis seriously; The self-organization of dynamic systems: Modularity under scrutiny; Against human nature; Cognition, evolution, and sociality; Cultural evolution, the Baldwin effect, and social norms; Cultural creativity and evolutionary flexibility; Some ideas to study the evolution of mathematics; Computer modelling as a tool for understanding language evolution
    Description / Table of Contents: Simulating the syntax and semantics of linguistic constructions about timeEvolutionary game-theoretic semantics and its foundational status; Towards a quantum evolutionary scheme: Violating Bell's inequalities in language
    Note: Conference held at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9781402037375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 91
    DDC: 142.7
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    Keywords: Logic ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of Mind ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2004 ; Wissenschaft ; Erkenntnis ; Interrogativlogik ; Phänomenologie ; Sozialphilosophie ; Logos ; Kommunikation ; Psychologie
    Abstract: Prompted and ever diversified by the specifically human interrogative logos, scientific inquiries seek a common system of links in order to mutually confirm and rectify their results. Coming closer and closer to phenomenology, the sciences of life find the common ground of the reality in the ontopoiesis of life. Could it not be that the interrogative logos of science, participating in human creative inventiveness will bring together also the divergent scientific methods in a common network? A network which comprises natural processes, societal sharing-in-life, and existential communication.
    Abstract: Prompted and ever diversified by the specifically human interrogative logos, scientific inquiries seek a common system of links in order to mutually confirm and rectify their results. Coming closer and closer to phenomenology, the sciences of life find the common ground of the reality in the ontopoiesis of life. Could it not be that the interrogative logos of science, participating in human creative inventiveness will bring together also the divergent scientific methods in a common network? A network which comprises natural processes, societal sharing-in-life, and existential communication. Papers by: Gary Backhaus, Anjana Bhattacharjee, Simon Du Plock, Ignacy Fiut, Maria Golaszewska, Wendy C. Hamblet, Alexandr Kouzmin, Nikolay Kozhevnikov, Olga Louchakova, Jarlath Mc Kenna, Amy Louise Miller, Aria Omrani, Arthur Piper, Leszek Pyra, W. Kim Rogers, A.L. Samian, Camilo Serrano Bonitto, Natalia Smirnova, Eva Syristova, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Roberto Verolini, Eldon C. Wait, Leo Zonneveld.
    Description / Table of Contents: Scientific Knowledge and Human Knowledge; Science in Mind: Exploring the Language of the Logos; "Objective Science" in Husserlian Life-World Phenomenology; Phenomenological Aspects of the Natural Coordinate System; Alienation and Wholeness; M. Heidegger's Project for the Optical Interpretation of Reflexion: The Time, the Reflexion and the Logos; "Phenomena" in Newton's Mathematical Experience; What Computers Could Never Do; Sensible Models in Cognitive Neuroscience; Philosophical Aspects of the New Evolutionistic Paradigms; Phenomenology and Ecophilosophy; Men in Front of Animals
    Description / Table of Contents: Toward a Cultural PhenomenologyContexts: The Landscapes of Human Life; Schutz's Conception of Relevances and Its Influence on Social Philosophy; Demonstrating Mobility; The Phenomenology of Self as Non-Local: Theoretical Considerations and Research Report; An Existential-Phenomenological Critique of Philosophical Counselling; Logos in Psychotherapy: The Phenomena of Encounter and Hope in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship; The Meaningfulness of Mental Health as Being Within a World of Apparently Meaningless Being
    Description / Table of Contents: Ontopoiesis and Union in the Prayer of the Heart: Contributions to Psychotherapy and LearningDas Lachen als die Kehrseite der Existenziellen Not;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402039072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese Library 330
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    Keywords: Logic ; Pragmatism ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Artificial intelligence ; Erklärung ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Abduktiver Schluss ; Abduktion
    Abstract: Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; Foreword; 1 LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION; 2 WHAT IS ABDUCTION; 3 ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE; 4 ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION; 5 SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION; 6 EMPIRICAL PROGRESS; 7 PRAGMATISM; 8 EPISTEMIC CHANGE; References; Author Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781402039843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: LEAF 6
    DDC: 382.41
    Keywords: Political Science ; Sociology ; Humanities ; Social sciences ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Landwirtschaftsgenossenschaft ; Landwirtschaft
    Abstract: Food and agricultural standards have recently risen to the top of both national and international agendas. Popular concerns about the power of the World Trade Organization focus on the intertwined relationships between environmental protection, labor and human rights, and the standards used to produce and supply our food and fiber globally. In the developing world, agricultural grades and standards are an important part of the reconfiguration of roles and responsibilities between various public and private actors in market reform. This original and informative collection of studies of agri-food standards in the modern economy addresses these and helps to define the scope of the emerging study of the politics of standards setting. Following an overview essay dealing with the multiple ways of thinking about, approaching and defining food and agricultural standards, eleven case studies offer a rich body of evidence that assesses the processes, dynamics and potential consequences of global agri-food standards. For all interested in the strategic use of food and agricultural standards - from those in national and international governmental agencies, researchers and others in the academic and private sector to those in the private business sector - this volume offers a broader perspective on and will serve as an important resource.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: A New World of Standards; The World Trade Organization: Ultimate Arbiter of International Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards?; Circulations of Insecurity: Globalizing Food Standards In Historical Perspective; The International Office of Vine and wine (OIV) and the World Trade Organization (WTO): Standardization Issues In The Wine Sector; Negotiating Standards for Animal Products: A Procedural Appoach Applied to Raw Milk; The Indivisibility of Science, Policy and Ethics: Starlink™ Corn and the Making of Standards
    Description / Table of Contents: Standards and State-Building: The Construction of Soybean Standards in BrazilParadoxes of Innovation: Standards and Technical Change in the Transformation of the US Soybean Industry; Defining a Good Steak: Global Constructions of What is Considered the Best Red Meat; Improving The Access of Small Farmers in Africa to Global Markets through the Development of Quality Standards for Pigeonpeas; China and Global Organic Food Standards: Sovereignity Bargains and Domestic Politics; Cotton in West Africa: A Question of Quality; Shaping a Policy and Research Agenda
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402040405
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 70
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Intuition ; Naturwissenschaften ; Intuition ; Logik ; Intuitionistische Mathematik
    Abstract: Following developments in modern geometry, logic and physics, many scientists and philosophers in the modern era considered Kant's theory of intuition to be obsolete. But this only represents one side of the story concerning Kant, intuition and twentieth century science. Several prominent mathematicians and physicists were convinced that the formal tools of modern logic, set theory and the axiomatic method are not sufficient for providing mathematics and physics with satisfactory foundations. All of Hilbert, Gödel, Poincaré, Weyl and Bohr thought that intuition was an indispensable element in describing the foundations of science. They had very different reasons for thinking this, and they had very different accounts of what they called intuition. But they had in common that their views of mathematics and physics were significantly influenced by their readings of Kant. In the present volume, various views of intuition and the axiomatic method are explored, beginning with Kant's own approach. By way of these investigations, we hope to understand better the rationale behind Kant's theory of intuition, as well as to grasp many facets of the relations between theories of intuition and the axiomatic method, dealing with both their strengths and limitations, in short, the volume covers logical and non-logical, historical and systematic issues in both mathematics and physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Locke and Kant on Mathematical Knowledge; The View from 1763: Kant on the Arithmetical Method Before Intuition; The Relation of Logic and Intuition in Kant'S Philosophy of Science, Particularly Geometry; Edmund Husserl on the Applicability of Formal Geometry; The Neo-Fregean Program in the Philosophy of Arithmetic; Gödel, Realism and Mathematical 'Intuition'; Intuition, Objectivity and Structure; Intuition and Cosmology: The Puzzle of Incongruent Counterparts; Conventionalism and Modern Physics: A Re-Assessment; Intuition and the Axiomatic Method in Hilbert's Foundation of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Soft Axiomatisation: John von Neumann on Method and von Neumann's Method in the Physical SciencesThe Intuitiveness and Truth of Modern Physics; Functions of Intution in Quantum Physics; Intuitive Cognition and the Formation of the Theories
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9781402040542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 69
    DDC: 160
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Metaphysics ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mathematische Logik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Philosophie der Logik ; Axiomatische Mengenlehre ; Logik
    Abstract: The papers in this collection are united by an approach to philosophy. They illustrate the manifold contributions that logic makes to philosophical progress, both by the application of formal methods to traditional philosophical problems and by opening up new avenues of inquiry as philosophers sort out the implications of new and often surprising technical results. Contributions include new technical results rich with philosophical significance for contemporary metaphysics, attempts to diagnose the philosophical significance of some recent technical results, philosophically motivated proposals for new approaches to negation, investigations in the history and philosophy of logic, and contributions to epistemology and philosophy of science that make essential use of logical techniques and results. Where the work is formal, the motives are obviously philosophical, not merely mathematical. Where the work is less formal, it is deeply informed by the relevant formal material. The volume includes contributions from some of the most interesting philosophers now working in philosophical logic, philosophy of logic, epistemology and metaphysics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Externalism, Anti-Realism, and the KK-Thesis; Choice Principles in Intuitionistic Set Theory; Assertion, Proof, and the Axiom of Choice; Montague's Modal Completeness Theorem of 1955; On the Rational Reconstruction of Our Theoretical Knowledge; Do We have the Right Limitative Theorems?; Empirical Negation in Intuitionistic Logic; Negation's Holiday: Aspectival Dialetheism; Monism: The One True Logic
    Note: Essays , Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-218) and index , Memorial volume , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9781402042997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: SYNTHESE LIBRARY 334
    DDC: 146.42
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Biografie ; Bibliografie ; Notwendigkeit ; Synthetisches Urteil ; Analytizität ; Logik ; Formale Semantik ; Pap, Arthur 1921-1959 ; Pap, Arthur 1921-1959 ; Neopositivismus
    Abstract: This volume collects some of the most significant papers of Arthur Pap. Pap's work played an important role in the development of the analytic tradition. This goes beyond the merely historical fact of Pap's influential views of dispositional and modal concepts. Pap's writings in philosophy of science, modality, and philosophy of mathematics provide insightful alternative perspectives on philosophical problems of current interest.
    Abstract: Arthur Pap s work played an important role in the development of the analytic tradition. This role goes beyond the merely historical fact that Pap s views of dispositional and modal concepts were influential. As a sympathetic critic of logical empiricism, Pap, like Quine, saw a deep tension in logical empiricism at its very best in the work of Carnap. But Pap s critique of Carnap is quite different from Quine s, and represents the discovery of limits beyond which empiricism cannot go, where there lies nothing other than intuitive knowledge of logic itself. Pap s arguments for this intuitive knowledge anticipate Etchemendy s recent critique of the model-theoretic account of logical consequence. Pap s work also anticipates prominent developments in the contemporary neo-Fregean philosophy of mathematics championed by Wright and Hale. Finally, Pap s major philosophical preoccupation, the concepts of necessity and possibility, provides distinctive solutions and perspectives on issues of contemporary concern in the metaphysics of modality. In particular, Pap s account of modality allows us to see the significance of Kripke s well-known arguments on necessity and apriority in a new light.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; On the Meaning of Necessity (1943); The Different Kinds of A Priori (1944); Logic and the Synthetic A Priori (1949); Are all Necessary Propositions Analytic? (1949); Necessary Propositions and Linguistic Rules (1955); Note on the "Semantic" and the "Absolute" Concepts of Truth (1952); Propositions, Sentences, and the Semantic Definition of Truth (1954); Belief and Propositions (1957); Semantic Examination of Realism (1947); Logic and the Concept of Entailment (1950); Strict Implication, Entailment, and Modal Iteration (1955)
    Description / Table of Contents: Mathematics, Abstract Entities, and Modern Semantics (1957)Extensionality, Attributes, and Classes (1958); A Note on Logic and Existence (1947); The Linguistic Hierarchy and the Vicious-Circle Principle (1954); Other Minds and the Principle of Verifiability (1951); Semantic Analysis and Psycho-Physical Dualism (1952); The Concept of Absolute Emergence (1951); Reduction Sentences and Open Concepts (1953); Extensional Logic and Laws of Nature (1955); Disposition Concepts and Extensional Logic (1958); Are Physical Magnitudes Operationally Definable? (1959)
    Description / Table of Contents: Arthur Pap (1921-1959) : Intellectual Biography of Arthur PapArthur Pap: Biographical Notes; A Bibliography of Arthur Pap; References; Index
    Note: Bibliography of Arthur Pap p. 375-379 , Collection of texts published previously , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 41
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402044465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Higher education dynamics 11
    DDC: 338.475072
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    Keywords: Politikberatung ; Experten ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Großbritannien ; Science, general ; Social Policy ; Political Science ; Science Philosophy ; Medicine
    Abstract: *Penetration of normally inaccessible processes of government *Close-grained empirical study of government-science interaction*New conceptualisation of key processes and relationships*Testing theories of science and government through detailed fieldwork*Illumination of issues of concern to current research policymakers in many systems
    Abstract: "There has been a flare-up in interest in science policy and a key factor in this is the increased interest in analysing the role that research can play in informing policy making. A pioneering venture in this field was Government and Research: The Rothschild Experiment in a Government Department (1983) Heinemann. No other work had penetrated the deepest recesses of government to observe at first hand the attempts of a major department to determine its research agenda through collaboration with leading scientists in a wide range of fields, to observe how research was commissioned, and then evaluated by scientific teams, and how it began to enter the policy blood streams of the departments. This revised and augmented version updates the original text for current policy concerns and takes account of changes in science policy studies, whilst preserving its essential themes. It contains a succinct account of where matters now stand as well as an extended analysis of the themes that continue to dominate research and science policy. ""Finally, the rest of the world has caught up with Kogan and Henkel. Twenty-five years ago their ground-breaking study of the UK's Department of Health led them to conclude that sustained interaction between scientists and bureaucrats was the key to unleashing the value of science for the policy process. I found the first edition of this book the single most compelling and comprehensive treatment of this complex interaction. They may have felt like voices in the wilderness then, today, however, they can take their rightful place as pre-cursors and leaders of what has become a mass-movement for 'evidence-based policy'. This re-issued and significantly updated edition, includes many recent initiatives that they and colleague Steve Hanney might rightfully claim as their offspring. The timeliness of the current edition only serves to highlight just how far ahead of their time they really were."" Dr Jonathan Lomas, Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Bryony Soper: ""This thoughtful and thoroughly researched book was an important theoretical and practical guide for those establishing the NHS RD Programme in the early 1990s. Some of the details of the multi-faceted relationships between science and government have necessarily changed over the years, but the complexities described in this book are still all too evident, and it remains as relevant today as it was originally."" Bryony Soper, former Assistant Secretary in the RD Division of the Department of Health."
    Description / Table of Contents: Relationships between Government and Science; Theories of Science and Science Policies; Theories and Practice of Government; The DHSS and the Research Management System; Science and Macro Scientific Policy: the Case of the CSRC and the Intermediate Boards; The Chief Scientist's Organisation and the Research Councils: the Case of the Panel on Medical Research and Relationships with the SSRC; Research Liaison Groups and the Small Grants Committee: Two Contrasting Systems; The Chief Scientist's Organisation and External Research Bases: the Case of the DHSS Research Units
    Description / Table of Contents: Review of Units and Scientific Merit: Chief Scientist's VisitsReview of Units and Policy Relevance: the Customer Review; The Functions, Process and Impact of Research Commissioning; Emerging Roles; Policy after Rothschild and Generalisations;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9781402048760
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 72
    DDC: 530.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Quantum computing ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Quantentheorie ; Mathematische Physik
    Abstract: The essays in this volume were written by leading researchers on classical mechanics, statistical mechanics, quantum theory, and relativity. They detail central topics in the foundations of physics, including the role of symmetry principles in classical and quantum physics, Einstein's hole argument in general relativity, quantum mechanics and special relativity, quantum correlations, quantum logic, and quantum probability and information.
    Abstract: Includes essays that cover a number of central topics in the foundations of physics, including the role of symmetry principles in classical and quantum physics, Einstein's hole argument in general relativity, quantum mechanics and special relativity, quantum correlations, quantum logic, and quantum probability and information
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics in Terms of Relational Properties; Why Special Relativity Should Not Be a Template for a Fundamental Reformulation of Quantum Mechanics; On Symmetry and Conserved Quantities in Classical Mechanics; On the Notion of a Physical Theory of an Incompletely Knowable Domain; Markov Properties and Quantum Experiments; Quantum Entropy; Symmetry and the Scope of Scientific Realism; Is it True; or is it False; or Somewhere in Between? The Logic of Quantum Theory; Einstein's Hole Argument and Weyl's Field-body Relationalism
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantum Mechanics as a Theory of ProbabilityJohn Von Neumann on Quantum Correlations; Kriske, Tupman and Quantum Logic: The Quantum Logician's Conundrum
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402049439
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 11
    DDC: 345.06
    RVK:
    Keywords: Criminal Law ; Philosophy of Law ; Law Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Charakter
    Abstract: This book examines the nature of evidence for character judgments, using a model of abductive reasoning called Inference To The Best Explanation. The book expands this notion based on recent work with models of reasoning using argumentation theory and artificial intelligence. The aim is not just to show how character judgments are made, but how they should be properly be made based on sound reasoning, avoiding common errors and superficial judgments.
    Abstract: This book is on evidence for character judgments, answering questions about how such judgments are and should be supported or refuted by verifiable evidence. For example, if I claim that some particular person has integrity, or does not, what kind of justification should properly be used to support or refute the claim? This book answers the question using a model of abductive reasoning, commonly called inference to the best explanation. The methodology of the book derives from recent work on models of reasoning in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence. The aim is not just to show how character judgments are made, but to show how they should be properly be made based on sound reasoning, in order to avoid errors and superficial judgments of a kind that are common. Character evidence in law is on a razor s edge. It is generally inadmissible, for it might tend to prejudice a jury, but it is a kind of evidence often needed in trials, for example, to cross-examine a witness. This book shows that we are not as good at judging character as we think, and often make serious mistakes. But it is shown how character judgments can, in some instances, be based on good reasoning supported by factual evidence in a case.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Problem of Character Evidence; Defining and Judging Character; Integrity and Hypocrisy; Simulative Reasoning and Plan Recognition; Multi-Agent Dialogue; A Multi-Agent System for Character Evidence
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-229) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402033339
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2005 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 244
    Parallel Title: Print version Turkish Studies in the History and Philosophy if Science
    DDC: 001.01 s
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy of Mind ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Türkei ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: As an academic discipline, the philosophy and history of science in Turkey was marked by two historical events: Hans Reichenbach's immigrating to Turkey and taking a post between 1933 and 1938 at Istanbul University prior to his tenure at UCLA, and Aydin Sayili's establishing a chair in the history of science in 1952 after having become the first student to receive a Ph.D. under George Sarton at Harvard University. Since then, both disciplines have flourished in Turkey. The present book, which contains seventeen newly commissioned articles, aims to give a rich overview of the current state of research by Turkish philosophers and historians of science. Topics covered address issues in methodology, causation, and reduction, and include philosophy of logic and physics, philosophy of psychology and language, and Ottoman science studies. The book also contains an unpublished interview with Maria Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach's wife, which sheds new light on Reichenbach's academic and personal life in Istanbul and at UCLA.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 4
    DDC: 000
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy of Nature ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturphilosophie ; Naturgesetz
    Abstract: One of the most basic problems in the philosophy of science involves determining the extent to which nature is governed by laws. This volume presents a wide-ranging overview of the contemporary debate and includes some of its foremost participants. It begins with an extensive introduction describing the historical, logical and philosophical background of the problems dealt with in the essays. Among the topics treated in the essays is the relationship between laws of nature and causal laws as well as the role of ceteris paribus clauses in scientific explanations. Traditionally, the problem of the unity of science was intimately connected to the problem of understanding the unity of nature. This fourth volume of Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science tackles these problems as part of our consideration of the most fundamental aspects of scientific understanding.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Why Are (Most) Laws of Nature Mathematical?; How Nature Makes Sense; Nancy Cartwright and Leszek Nowak on Scientific Laws and Scientific Explanation; The Explanatory Virtues of Probabilistic Causal Laws; The Nature of Natural Laws; How the Ceteris Paribus Laws of Physics Lie; Necessary Laws; Laws of Nature - A Skeptical View; The Laws' Properties; Laws of Nature Versus System Laws; Psychologism, Universality and the Use of Logic
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Most of the papers were presented at the 5th Baltic Workshop on Logic and the Philosophy of Science held at Copenhagen May 24-27, 2001 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402029042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 570.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Biology Mathematical models ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Models, Biological ; Philosophy ; Theoretische Biologie ; Forschungsgegenstand
    Abstract: This book originated as a Festschrift to mark the publication of Volume 50 of the journal `Acta Biotheoretica' in 2002 and the journal's 70th anniversary in 2005. In it, eleven previously unpublished research papers have been collected that reflect the entire scope of topics on which `Acta Biotheoretica' publishes. `Acta Biotheoretica' is a journal on theoretical biology, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, that has its roots in the Dutch tradition of theoretical biology. From the perspective of this tradition, theoretical biology is understood as encompassing a broad spectrum of disciplines ranging from mathematical biology to philosophy of biology. To reflect the Dutch roots of the journal, all papers have been invited from authors that work in The Netherlands. This book is aimed at an audience of theoretical and mathematical biologists, philosophers of biology and philosophers of science, and biologists in general.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Table of Contents; Chapter 1 The History of Acta Biotheoretica and the Nature of Theoretical Biology; Chapter 2 Images of the Genome; Chapter 3 The Functional Perspective of Organismal Biology; Chapter 4 Infectious Biology; Chapter 5 The Composite Species Concept; Chapter 6 The Wonderful Crucible of Life's Creation; Chapter 7 The Symbiontic Nature of Metabolic Evolution; Chapter 8 The Founder and Allee Effects in the Patch Occupancy Metapopulation Model; Chapter 9 Balancing Statistics and Ecology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10 Resilience and Persistence in the Context of Stochastic Population ModelsChapter 11 Evolution of Specialization and Ecological Character Displacement: Metabolic Plasticity; List of Contributors
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9781402033452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 86
    DDC: 616.89/075
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Medicine ; Mental Disorders classification ; Mental Disorders diagnosis ; Philosophy ; Psychische Störung ; Diagnostik ; Klassifikation
    Abstract: " This book is about the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, more commonly known as the D.S.M. The D.S.M. is published by the American Psychiatric Association and aims to list and describe all mental disorders. The D.S.M. is embedded in mental health care at every turn. In the U.S., hospital records note a D.S.M. diagnosis and medical insurance companies demand D.S.M. codes before they will consider reimbursing for the cost of care. Worldwide, research papers are couched in D.S.M. terminology and pharmaceutical companies list the D.S.M. diagnoses that their drugs treat. Mental health professionals, and their patients, can not avoid being affected by the D.S.M. The D.S.M. is important, but it is also controversial. While its publishers claim that the D.S.M. is a scientific classification system based on sound data, many have doubts. Big business has interests in the D.S.M. Perhaps the D.S.M. has been distorted by pressures stemming from insurance companies, or from pharmaceutical companies? Others are concerned that whether a condition is classified as a mental disorder depends too greatly on social and political factors. More conceptual worries are also frequent. If classification requires a theory, and if mental disorders are poorly understood, then a sound classification system may be presently unobtainable. Possibly even attempting to construct a classification system that ""cuts nature at the joints"" is conceptually naïve. Maybe types of mental disorder are radically unlike, say, chemical elements, and simply fail to have a natural structure. Classifying Madness offers a sustained philosophical critique of the D.S.M. that addresses these concerns. The first half of the book asks whether the project of constructing a classification of mental disorders that reflects natural distinctions makes sense. I conclude that it does. The second half of the book addresses epistemic worries. Even supposing a natural classification system to be possible in principle, there may be reasons to be suspicious of the categories included in the D.S.M. I examine the extent to which the D.S.M. depends on psychiatric theory, and look at how it has been shaped by social and financial factors. I aim to be critical of the D.S.M. without being antagonistic towards it. Ultimately, however, I am forced to conclude that although the D.S.M. is of immense practical importance, it is not on track to become the best possible classification of mental disorders. Classifying Madness will be of interest to both mental health professionals and to philosophers interested in classification in science. The possibility that there may be philosophical difficulties with the D.S.M. has become a commonplace in the mental health literature, and Classifying Madness offers mental health professionals an opportunity to explore suspicions that there might be conceptual problems with the D.S.M. For philosophers, this book aims to contribute to debates in the philosophy of science concerning natural kinds, the theory-ladenness of classification, and the effect of sociological factors in science. These issues are normally approached via a consideration of the natural sciences and, as will be seen, approaching them via a consideration of psychiatry helps shed new light on old problems. "
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; What is Mental Disorder?; Are Mental Disorders Natural Kinds?; The Problem of Theory-Ladenness; The D.S.M. and Feedback in Applied Science
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-164) and index , Revised thesis (Ph.D.) - Cambridge University, 2002 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402035524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 70
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Law Philosophy ; Lehrbuch ; Juristische Logik ; Juristische Logik
    Abstract: Studies in Legal Logic is a collection of nine interrelated papers about the logic, epistemology and ontology of law. All of the papers were written after the publication of the author's Reasoning with Rules and supplement the issues addressed therein. Some of the papers are new, others have been revised substantially after the publication of their original versions. The emphasis is on analysis, not on logical technicalities.Studies in Legal Logic contains chapters about the nature of norms, the role of coherence in the law, the nature of defeasibility, the role of dialectics in law and artificial intelligence, the statics and dynamics of the law, and the consistency of rules. Moreover, it contains a new, simplified and yet more powerful version of Reason-based Logic and extensive examples of how it can be used for the analysis of legal reasoning. The examples deal with legal theory construction, case-based reasoning, and judicial proof.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Law and Defeasibility; Law and Coherence; Reason-Based Logic; Comparing Alternatives; Rule Consistency; What is a Norm?; Legal Statics and Legal Dynamics; Dialectical Models in Artificial Intelligence and Law; Legal Reasoning and Legal Integration
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [297]-318) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Bibliografie ; Sikh
    Abstract: Gerald Barrier, Hakam Singh, Jaginder Singh Ramdev, Jasmer Singh, Rajwant Singh, Man Singh Deora, Priya Muhar Rai, Darshan Singh Tatla, and others.
    Abstract: The International Bibliography of Sikh Studies brings together all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, project reports, and electronic resources produced in the field of Sikh Studies until June 2004, making it the most complete and up-to-date reference work in the field today. One of the youngest religions of the world, Sikhism has progressively attracted attention on a global scale in recent decades. An increasing number of scholars is exploring the culture, history, politics, and religion of the Sikhs. The growing interest in Sikh Studies has resulted in an avalanche of literature, which is now for the first time brought together in the International Bibliography of Sikh Studies. This monumental work lists over 10,000 English-language publications under almost 30 subheadings, each representing a subfield in Sikh Studies. The Bibliography contains sections on a wide variety of subjects, such as Sikh gurus, Sikh philosophy, Sikh politics and Sikh religion. Furthermore the encyclopedia presents an annotated survey of all major scholarly work on Sikhism, and a selective listing of electronic and web-based resources in the field. Author and subject indices are appended for the reader's convenience. The online version of the International Bibliography of Sikh Studies includes hyperlinks and offers the possibility to search on author, title, key word or subject, making this huge reference work easily accessible and user-friendly.
    Description / Table of Contents: Printed and Electronic Reference Resources; Sikh Gurus; Sikh Scriptures & Gurbani; Bhagats and Saints; Sikh Philosophy; Sikh History; Sikh Politics; Sikh Leaders; Sikh Art & Architecture; Sikh Coins (Numismatics); Sikh Culture & Traditions; Sikhs as Khalsa; Sikh Code of Conduct, Institutions & Ceremonies; Sikh Symbols & Identity; Sikh Education & Research; Sikh Scholars & Personalities; Sikh Castes & Casteism; Sikh Sects; Gurdwaras (Sikh Shrines); Sikh Warriors & Martyrs; Sikh Music (Gurbani Kirtan); Sikhs in Military; Sikh Women; Sikh Youths & Apostasy; Sikhism & Other Religions
    Description / Table of Contents: Sikh DiasporaFuture of Sikhs & Sikhism; Miscellaneous Works
    Note: Includes indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 69
    RVK:
    Keywords: Law ; Artificial intelligence ; Law Philosophy ; Humanities ; Datenbank ; Urheberrecht ; Gesetzgebung ; Datenbank ; Urheberrecht ; Gesetzgebung
    Abstract: Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form
    Abstract: "Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases" is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form of open texture, transformation using argumentation concepts and evaluation and deployment approaches are discussed at length.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Legal Issues in the Data Selection Phase; Legal Issues in the Data Pre-Processing Phase; Legal Issues in the Data Transformation Phase; Data Mining with Rule Induction; Uncertain and Statistical Data Mining; Data Mining Using Neural Networks; Information Retrieval and Text Mining; Evaluation, Deployment and Related Issues; Conclusion
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-254) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 51
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 326
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Erkenntnis ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Theoretische Physik ; Theoriebildung ; Wissenschaftliche Revolution ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Naturwissenschaften ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Vyacheslav Stepin (born 19.08.1934) is a distinguished Russian philosopher, PhD, Professor, active member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honoured Professor of Moscow State University and Honorary Doctor of the Karlsruhe University (Germany). He is the organizer and leader of large-scale joint research projects with foreign universities and research centers (USA, Germany, France, China) on problems of philosophy of sciences and technics, globalization and basic values of culture. In the book Theoretical Knowledge by V. Stepin, an original conception of a structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge is proposed. A detailed analysis of the foundations of science performed by the author allowed him to develop new ideas and approaches, to demonstrate how sociocultural factors are incorporated in the process of yielding of new theories. He shows direct and inverse links between foundations of science and new theories and empirical facts evolved from those, how among many potentially possible histories of science a culture selects just those directions which become a real history of science. The author analyses mechanisms of the generation of scientific theories and shows that those are changed in the process of historical development of science. He displays three historical types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical, which appears in modern science) and shows features of their coexistence and interplay. It is shown that along with the emerging of post-non-classical rationality science increases the sphere of its worldview applications. Science begins to correlate not only with the basic values of technogenic civilization but also with some values and patterns of traditional cultures. The investigation is based on the extensive literature on the history of natural and social sciences. The reader will find in the book authentic historical reconstructions of the processes of the development of classical and quantum electrodynamics, relativity, and conceptions of evolution in biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Scientific Cognition in a Sociocultural Context; Structure of Theoretical Knowledge; The Foundations of Science; Genesis of Theoretical Knowledge in Classical Science; Formation and Development of Theory in Non-Classical Science; Scientific Revolutions; Strategies of Theoretical Investigation in the Epoch of Post-Non-Classical Science; Strategies of Theoretical Investigation in the Epoch of Post-Non-Classical Science
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 381-394) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 52
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402035098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 245
    DDC: 501
    Keywords: Darwin, Charles ; Humanities ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Psychology ; Science History ; Creativity ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Darwin, Charles 1809-1882 ; Kreativität ; Wissenschaft
    Abstract: Creativity, Psychology, and the History of Science offers for the first time a comprehensive overview of the oeuvre of Howard E. Gruber, who is noted for his contributions both to the psychology of creativity and to the history of science. The present book includes papers from a wide range of topics. In the contributions to creativity research, Gruber proposes his key ideas for studying creative work. Gruber focuses on how the thinking, motivation and affect of extraordinarily creative individuals evolve and how they interact over long periods of time. Gruber's approach bridges many disciplines and subdisciplines in psychology and beyond, several of which are represented in the present volume: cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, history of science, aesthetics, and politics. The volume thus presents a unique and comprehensive contribution to our understanding of the creative process. Many of Gruber's papers have not previously been easily accessible, they are presented here in thoroughly revised form.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Introduction: A Life with a Purpose; The Creative Person as a Whole; The Case Study That Started It All: Charles Darwin; Facets of the Creative Process: Insight, Point of View and Repetition; Modalities; Tracking The Ordinary Course of Development; Coping with the Extraordinary; Creativity in the Moral Domain; Peace and Further Conditions for Human Welfare
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [487]-517) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9781402037030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 19
    DDC: 530.01
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: History ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Physics History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturphilosophie ; Geschichte 1600-1700 ; Wissenschaftliche Revolution ; Physik ; Naturwissenschaften ; Geschichte 1600-1700
    Abstract: " The seventeenth century marked a critical phase in the emergence of modern science. But we misunderstand this process, if we assume that seventeenth-century modes of natural inquiry were identical to the highly specialised, professionalised and ever proliferating family of modern sciences practised today. In early modern Europe the central category for the study of nature was ""natural philosophy"", or as Robert Hooke called it in his Micrographia, the Science of Nature. In this discipline general theories of matter, cause, cosmology and method were devised, debated and positioned in relation to superior disciplines, such as theology, cognate disciplines, such as mathematics and ethics, and subordinate disciplines, such as the ""mixed mathematical sciences"" of astronomy, optics and mechanics. Thus, the ""Scientific Revolution"" of the Seventeenth Century did not witness the sudden birth of 'modern science' but rather conflict and change in the field of natural philosophy: Aristotelian natural philosophy was challenged and displaced, as thinkers competed to redefine natural philosophy and its relations to the superior, cognate and subordinate disciplines. From this process the more modern looking disciplines of natural science emerged, and the idea of a general Science of Nature suffered a slow demise. The papers in this collection focus on patterns of change in natural philosophy in the seventeenth century, aiming to encourage the use and articulation of this category in the historiography of science. The volume is intended for scholars and advanced students of early modern history of science, history of philosophy and intellectual history. Philosophers of science and sociologists of scientific knowledge concerned with historical issues will also find the volume of relevance. Above all, the volume is addressed to anyone interested in current debates about the origin and nature of modern science. "
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; The Onset of the Scientific Revolution; 'Waterworld': Descartes' Vortical Celestial Mechanics; Circular Argument; From Mechanics to Mechanism; The Autonomy of Natural Philosophy; Physico-Theology and the Mixed Sciences; The Saturn Problem; Experimental Versus Speculative Natural Philosophy
    Note: Includes bibliographic references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 54
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402029943
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 68
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy of Law ; Humanities ; Law Philosophy ; Macht ; Einfluss
    Abstract: "This book will be of interest to legal, political and other social theorists/philosophers. Unique in its topics as well as in its approach, the book takes substantial steps towards answering essential questions about political influence. It analyses the concepts of social, political and legal power with a view towards arriving at an adequate and theoretically relevant distinction between power and influence. This volume contains an extensive overview and critical assessment, explores the conceptual relationship between freedom and power, assesses the distinctions made in existing scholarship between power and influence, presents the author's own proposal for a definition of influence as opposed to power, combines insights from political theory, legal philosophy and the general theory of norms, is densely argued, yet accessible to all interested readers without any prerequisite of special prior knowledge, is transparently structured, written in a clear style, avoiding social-scientific jargon and using ordinary language. ""Exact but not exacting, this is a fine work of overview and analysis, it makes an excellent contribution to the literature on power and freedom."" Philip Pettit, William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Politics, Princeton University ""In this work, the author assumes the task of a 'logical clean-up' - an extremely valuable contribution to the promotion of scientific rigour and clarity in political scholarship."" [This book] ""gives the reader orientation in a conceptual jungle."" [It is] ""an excellent analysis of the relationships between normative and social power."" Ernesto Garzón Valdés, Prof. em. of Legal Philosophy, President of The Tampere Club ""A genuinely pioneering contribution insofar as the author - to my knowledge: for the first time ever - succeeds in giving a conceptually rather clear profile to a descriptive-analytic and normative understanding of the phenomenon of influence and in elucidating - again, by way of thorough and profound analysis - that this is much more than an academic glass-bead game, because our understanding of such essential normative foundations of political theory as freedom and equality is inextricably linked to the concepts of power and influence, and because this is the only way how we can come to see the fundamental obstacles to a coherent interpretation and institutional realization of the idea of the democratic Rechtsstaat."" Rainer Schmalz-Bruns, Prof. of Political Theory, Darmstadt University of Technology"
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; The Concept of Power; The Concept of Influence; Power and Freedom; Social Power and Legal Power; Influence and Power: A Mess Transformed?
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-297) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 55
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9781402030079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 347.47/035
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Law Philosophy ; Comparative law ; Public law ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Verfassungspolitik
    Abstract: Challenging the conventional wisdom that constitutional courts are the best device that democratic systems have for the protection of individual rights, Wojciech Sadurski examines the most recent wave of activist constitutional courts: those that have emerged after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In contrast to most other analysts and scholars he does not take for granted that they are a 'force for the good', but rather subjects them to critical scrutiny.
    Abstract: Challenging the conventional wisdom that constitutional courts are the best device that democratic systems have for the protection of individual rights, Wojciech Sadurski examines carefully the most recent wave of activist constitutional courts: those that have emerged after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In contrast to most other analysts and scholars he does not take for granted that they are a "force for the good", but rather subjects them to critical scrutiny against the background of a wide-ranging comparative and theoretical analysis of constitutional judicial review in the modern world. He shows that, in the region of Central and Eastern Europe, their record in protecting constitutional rights has been mixed, and their impact upon the vibrancy of democratic participation and public discourse about controversial issues often negative. Sadurski urges us to reconsider the frequently unthinking enthusiasm for the imposition of judicial limits upon constitutional democracy. In the end, his reflections go to the very heart of the fundamental dilemma of constitutionalism and political theory: how best to find the balance between constitutionalism and democracy? The lively, if imperfect, democracies in Central and Eastern Europe provide a fascinating terrain for raising this question, and testing traditional answers. This innovative, wide-ranging and thought-provoking book will become essential reading for scholars and students alike in the fields of comparative constitutionalism and political theory, particularly for those with an interest in legal and political developments in the postcommunist world.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; 1. THE MODEL OF CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW; 2. CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS IN SEARCH OF LEGITIMACY; 3. THE MODEL OF JUDICIAL REVIEW AND ITS IMPLICATIONS; 4. CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS AND LEGISLATION; 5. JUDICIAL REVIEW AND PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS; 6. PERSONAL, CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES; 7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS; 8. EQUALITY AND MINORITY RIGHTS; 9. "DECOMMUNISATION", "LUSTRATION", AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONTINUITY; 10. RESTRICTIONS OF RIGHTS; CONCLUSIONS; Endnotes; Bibliography; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [355]-365) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 56
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402033995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 300
    DDC: 128.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Animal behavior ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftliches Denken ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of some of the most important philosophical papers by Peter Gärdenfors. Spanning a period of more than 20 years of his research, they cover a wide ground of topics, from early works on decision theory, belief revision and nonmonotonic logic to more recent work on conceptual spaces, inductive reasoning, semantics and the evolutions of thinking. Many of the papers have only been published in places that are difficult to access. The common theme of all the papers is the dynamics of thought. Several of the papers have become minor classics and the volume bears witness of the wide scope of Gärdenfors' research and of his crisp and often witty style of writing. The volume will be of interest to researchers in philosophy and other cognitive sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Probabilistic Reasoning and Evidentiary Value; Unreliable Probabilities, Risk Taking, and Decision Making; Rights, Games and Social Choice; The Dynamics of Belief Systems: Foundations vs. Coherence Theories; The Role of Expectations in Reasoning; How Logic Emerges from the Dynamics of Information; Induction, Conceptual Spaces and AI; Three Levels of Inductive Inference; Frameworks for Properties: Possible Worlds vs. Conceptual Spaces; The Pragmatic Role of Modality in Natural Language; The Social Stance; The Emergence of Meaning; Does Semantices Need Reality?
    Description / Table of Contents: The Nature of Man - Games That Genes Play?The Detachment of Thought; Cognitive Science: From Computers to Anthills as Models of Human Thought
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9781402039096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 192
    DDC: 914.045
    RVK:
    Keywords: History ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Regional planning ; Russland ; Reisebericht ; Westeuropabild
    Abstract: Journeys to a Graveyard examines the descriptions provided by eight Russian writers of journeys made to western European countries between 1697 and 1880. The descriptions reveal the mentality and preoccupations of the Russian social and intellectual elites during this period. The travellers' perceptions of western European countries are treated here as an ambivalent response to a civilization with which Russia was belatedly coming into close contact as a result of the imperial ambition of the Russian state and the westernization of the Russian elites. The travellers perceived the most advanced European countries as superior to Russia in terms of material achievement and the maturity and refinement of their cultures, but they also promoted a view of Russia as in other respects superior to the western nations. Heavily influenced from the late eighteenth century by Romanticism and by the rise of nationalism in the west, they tended to depict European civilization as moribund. By this means they managed to define their own emergent nation in a contrastive way as having youth and promising futurity.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Piotr Tolstoi: a travel diary; Fonvizin: letters from foreign journeys; Karamzin: The Letters of a Russian Traveller; Pogodin: A Year in Foreign Lands; Botkin: Letters on Spain; Herzen: Letters from France and Italy; Dostoevskii: Winter Notes on Summer Impressions; Saltykov-Shchedrin: Across the Border
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9781402037542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 24
    DDC: 303.483
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Political Science ; Sociology ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Entscheidungsfindung ; Demokratisierung ; Politik ; Wissenschaftliche Beratung ; Politische Entscheidung
    Abstract: "'Scientific advice to politics', the 'nature of expertise', and the 'relation between experts, policy makers, and the public' are variations of a topic that currently attracts the attention of social scientists, philosophers of science as well as practitioners in the public sphere and the media. This renewed interest in a persistent theme is initiated by the call for a democratization of expertise that has become the order of the day in the legitimation of research funding. The new significance of 'participation' and 'accountability' has motivated scholars to take a new look at the science - politics interface and to probe questions such as ""What is new in the arrangement of scientific expertise and political decision-making?"", ""How can reliable knowledge be made useful for politics and society at large, and how can epistemically and ethically sound decisions be achieved without losing democratic legitimacy?"", ""How can the objective of democratization of expertise be achieved without compromising the quality and reliability of knowledge?"" Scientific knowledge and the 'experts' that represent it no longer command the unquestioned authority and public trust that was once bestowed upon them, and yet, policy makers are more dependent on them than ever before. This collection of essays explores the relations between science and politics with the instruments of the social studies of science, thereby providing new insights into their re-alignment under a new régime of governance."
    Description / Table of Contents: What's New in Scientific Advice to Politics?; Bioethical Controversies and Policy Advice: The Production of Ethical Expertise and its Role in the Substantiation of Political Decision-Making; Advisory Systems in Pluralistic Knowledge Societies: A Criteria-Based Typology to Assess and Optimize Environmental Policy Advice; Institutional Design for Socially Robust Knowledge: The National Toxicology Program's Report on Carcinogens; Representation, Expertise, and the German Parliament: A Comparison of Three Advisory Institutions
    Description / Table of Contents: Expertise and Political Responsibility: The Columbia Shuttle CatastropheKnowledge and Decision-Making; Science/Policy Boundaries: A Changing Division of Labour in Dutch Expert Policy Advice; Inserting the Public Into Science; Between Policy and Politics; Participation as Knowledge Production and the Limits of Democracy; Judgment Under Siege: The Three-Body Problem of Expert Legitimacy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 59
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400708143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 65 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Applied Logic Series 11/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The mid-1980s saw the discovery of logical tools that make it possible to model changes in belief and knowledge in entirely new ways. These logical tools turned out to be applicable to both human beliefs and to the contents of databases. Philosophers, logicians, and computer scientists have contributed to making this interdisciplinary field one of the most exciting in the cognitive scientists - and one that is expanding rapidly. This, the first textbook in the new area, contains both discursive chapters with a minimum of formalism and formal chapters in which proofs and proof methods are presented. Using different selections from the formal sections, according to the author's detailed advice, allows the book to be used at all levels of university education. A supplementary volume contains solutions to the 210 exercises. The volume's unique, comprehensive coverage means that it can also be used by specialists in the field of belief dynamics and related areas, such as non-monotonic reasoning and knowledge representation
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401724289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 204
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 204
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Nietzsche, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science, is the second volume of a collection on Nietzsche and the Sciences, featuring essays addressing truth, epistemology, and the philosophy of science, with a substantial representation of analytically schooled Nietzsche scholars. This collection offers a dynamic articulation of the differing strengths of Anglo-American analytic and contemporary European approaches to philosophy, with translations from European specialists, notably Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Paul Valadier, and Walther Ch. Zimmerli. This broad collection also features a preface by Alasdair MacIntyre. Contributions explore Nietzsche's contributions to the philosophy of language and epistemology, and include essays on the social history of truth and the historical and cultural analyses of Serres and Baudrillard, as well as new contributions to the philosophy of science, including theological and hermeneutical approaches, history of science, the philosophy of medicine, cognitive science, and technology
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  • 61
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401735070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 166
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 166
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Despite the importance of Leibniz's mature philosophy, his early work has been relatively neglected. This collection begins with an overview of his formative years and includes 12 original papers by internationally-known scholars. The contributions reflect the wide range of the young Leibniz's philosophical interests and his interests in related subjects, including law, physics and theology. Some chapters explore his relationship to other philosophers, including his teachers in Leipzig and Jena and his Paris friend Tschirnhaus, as well as Hobbes and Spinoza. Others focus on particular periods or texts and deal with themes ranging from ethics and free-will to his philosophically-significant account of transubstantiation and his early monadology. Some of the topics are familiar to Leibniz students - harmony, sufficient reason and possible worlds, for instance - but others are less familiar - for instance, his attitude to historical truth, millenarianism and the relation of mathematics to the natural world. The book provides an introduction to Leibniz's early philosophy and throws light on the development of some of the doctrines with which he is particularly associated
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401731812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 80
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: One of the most basic themes in the philosophy of language is referential uptake, viz., the question of what counts as properly `understanding' a referring act in communication. In this inquiry, the particular line pursued goes back to Strawson's work on re-identification, but the immediate influence is that of Gareth Evans. It is argued that traditional and recent proposals fail to account for success in referential communication. A novel account is developed, resembling Evans' account in combining an external success condition with a Fregean one. But, in contrast to Evans, greater emphasis is placed on the action-enabling side of communication. Further topics discussed include the role of mental states in accounting for communication, the impact of re-identification on the understanding of referring acts, and Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists and semanticists
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401716116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; History
    Abstract: Freud's Philosophy of the Unconscious is the only comprehensive, systematic study of Sigmund Freud's philosophy of mind. Freud emerges as a sophisticated philosopher who addresses many of the central questions that concern contemporary philosophers and cognitive scientists while anticipating many of their views. While still a student in Vienna, Freud was initiated into philosophy by Franz Brentano. The book charts Freud's intellectual development as he deals with the mind-body problem, the nature of consciousness, folk psychology versus scientific psychology, the relationship between language and thought, realism and antirealism in psychology, and the nature of unconscious mental events. The book also critically examines writings on Freud by Wittgenstein, Davidson, and Searle, demonstrating their weakness as interpretations and criticisms of Freud's position. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and psychiatrists
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The papers collected here had their origin in a conference held in Montreal, 1-3 June 1995. The conference drew together researchers of all persuasions, from Europe and North America, to discuss the philosophy of mind. The volume is divided into four sections, each section being prefaced by a specific introduction. The first section deals mainly with the problem of consciousness in relation to intentionality. The second section's main topic is the problem of `qualia', a notion closely related to phenomenal consciousness, approached in the context of perception. The last two sections raise several problems related to what has been called `folk psychology'. Readership: Philosophers interested in philosophy of mind, psychologists, cognitive scientists
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 162
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 162
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Romance languages ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: The Christianopolis (1619) of Johann Valentin Andreae describes in great detail a utopian community of scholar-craftsmen, as seen through the eyes of a naïve young traveller. It is a multi-level text, carefully constructed to provide both entertainment and a critique of contemporary society and religion, which could also be read as the prospectus for the establishment of a new community. This new translation aims to clarify Andreae's elliptical Latin for the first time by identifying parallel passages, allusions and sources for his ideas, and by linking Christianopolis with Andreae's other work as satirist, dramatist, poet and mathematician. A new model of his revision of ideas drawn from Campanella is put forward, and the politico-economic principles embodied in the text are explored. The translation should be of interest to students of the history of utopian ideas, and the history of economic thought
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401710701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 79
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 197
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 197
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In The Natural Background to Meaning Denkel argues that meaning in language is an outcome of the evolutionary development of forms of animal communication, and explains this process by naturalising the Locke-Grice approach. The roots of meaning are contained in observable regularities, which are manifestations of objective connections such as essences and causal relations. Denkel's particularistic ontology of properties and causation leads to a view of time that harmonises B-theory with transience. Time's passage, he argues, is a necessary condition of communication and meaning. The book connects some central topics in the philosophies of language, science and ontology, treating them within the framework of a single theory. It will interest not only professional philosophers doing research on meaning, universals, causation and time, but also students, who can consult it as a textbook examining Grice's theory of meaning
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789401591911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The essays in this volume cover a wide array of topics related to the work of Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. It includes discussions of scientific explanation, rationality, inference and induction, social behaviour, philosophy of physics and biology. Some of the essays have been written with an historical perspective. The volume is completed by a long commentary on the papers, written by Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. Audience: Scholars and researchers in such fields as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of the natural and social sciences, history of contemporary philosophy, and inductive logic
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789401593151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 279
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book is the first modern examination of the philosophical foundations of intuitionism since Oscar Becker's (1927) Mathematische Existenz. Placek examines the three most widely-known arguments for mathematical intuitionism: Brouwer's, Heyting's and Dummett's. The examination centres on the questions of the intersubjectivity of mathematics and is concerned with understanding and evaluating the arguments. An unprejudiced stance leads to refreshing conclusions concerning Brouwer: the philosophical side of Brouwer's doctrine cannot be accused of such sins as psychologism, solipsism or the advocacy of private meaning. Similarly, examination of the Husserlian grounds of Heyting's explanation of the meaning of logical constants shows that this view of language should not be accused of violating the requirement of intersubjectivity of meaning. The approach of the work is philosophical, rather than mathematical or logico-technical
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  • 70
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 168 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 283
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Self. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Who - or what - is an agent? How - in virtue of what - does an agent do things, or refrain from doing them? In this attempt to understand the concept of agent causality, Vollmer proposes that persons are in control of their actions in virtue of reflective consciousness, consisting of a primary, intrinsic, nonobservational awareness of one's own activity, and a capacity to form second-order thoughts about such activity. According to traditional action theory, only behaviour that an agent is aware of performing (under some description) counts as action. In Vollmer's view, however, reflective consciousness plays a more important role than just determining what someone is doing, or under what description the action is intentional. Reflective consciousness is what gives you control and renders you free. Reflective consciousness is what you are. Readership: Professionals and students interested in theoretical psychology and the theory of action
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  • 71
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 261 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism is the first book to describe the unique contributions of a behavioral perspective to the major issues of philosophy. Leading behavioral philosophers and psychologists have contributed chapters on: the origins of behaviorism as a philosophy of science; the basic principles of behaviorism; ontology; epistemology; values and ethics; free will, determinism and self-control; and language and verbal behavior. A concluding chapter provides an overview of some scholarly criticisms of behavioral philosophy. Far from espousing a `black box' perspective on human cognition and philosophical reasoning, behaviorism (as derived from the works of B. F. Skinner) represents a contemporary and viable approach to conceptualizing important philosophical and psychological issues. Audience: This work will make an excellent text for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in the fields of philosophy and psychology, as well as being of interest to established scholars in those disciplines
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789401724302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 348 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 203
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 203
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Nietzsche, Theories of Knowledge, and Critical Theory, the first volume of a two-volume book collection on Nietzsche and the Sciences, ranges from reviews of Nietzsche and the wide variety of epistemic traditions - not only pre-Socratic, but Cartesian, Leibnizian, Kantian, and post-Kantian -through essays on Nietzsche's critique of knowledge via his critique of grammar and modern culture, and culminates in an extended section on the dynamic of Nietzsche's critical philosophy seen from the perspective of Habermas and critical theory. This volume features a first-time English translation of Habermas's afterword to his own German-language collection of Nietzsche's Epistemological Writings
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789401728669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 395 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 286
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: Recursive Functions and Metamathematics deals with problems of the completeness and decidability of theories, using as its main tool the theory of recursive functions. This theory is first introduced and discussed. Then Gödel's incompleteness theorems are presented, together with generalizations, strengthenings, and the decidability theory. The book also considers the historical and philosophical context of these issues and their philosophical and methodological consequences. Recent results and trends have been included, such as undecidable sentences of mathematical content, reverse mathematics. All the main results are presented in detail. The book is self-contained and presupposes only some knowledge of elementary mathematical logic. There is an extensive bibliography. Readership: Scholars and advanced students of logic, mathematics, philosophy of science
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789401592956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 205
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 205
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Chemistry ; Geology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations.
    Abstract: In this posthumous book, the late Professor R. Hooykaas (1906-1994) conveys a lifetime of historical thought about modes of scientific advance over the centuries. In what variety of ways has the human mind, with all its subjectivity and its capacity for self-deception, but also its piercing gifts of discovery, managed to come to terms with `the whimsical tricks of nature'? Central to this erudite, penetrating, and widely ranging study is Hooykaas's distinction between facts (given by nature yet entirely subject to our mode of interpreting them), faith (broad conceptions like the idea of order, of simplicity, or of harmony), and fictions in the sense of those daring intellectual tools, such as theories and hypotheses and models, which reflect the scientist's creative imagination. Case studies drawn from the history of all branches of science (including chemistry and the earth sciences) and from Antiquity to the present day, serve to widen and to deepen the understanding of every reader (whether a historian of science or not) with a desire to learn more about the realities of the scientific pursuit
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 359 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 14
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Causation and Laws of Nature is a collection of articles which represents current research on the metaphysics of causation and laws of nature, mostly by authors working in or active in the Australasian region. The book provides an overview of current work on the theory of causation, including counterfactual, singularist, nomological and causal process approaches. It also covers work on the nature of laws of nature, with special emphasis on the scientific essentialist theory that laws of nature are, at base, the fundamental dispositions or capacities of natural kinds of things. Because the book represents a good cross-section of authors currently working on these themes in the Australasian region, it conveys something of the interest and excitement of an active philosophical debate between advocates of several different research programmes in the area
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401724265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 161
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 161
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Over the past twenty-five years - since the very large collection of Newton's papers became available and began to be seriously examined - the beginnings of a new picture of Newton has emerged. This volume of essays builds upon the foundation of its authors in their previous works and extends and elaborates the emerging picture of the `new' Newton, the great synthesizer of science and religion as revealed in his intellectual context
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789401729901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 378 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 275
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: The development of research connected with artificial intelligence and the cognitive sciences obliges us to confront further components of the traditional problem of form. In particular, the debate about bottom up and top down processes seems to suggest that the difference in cognitive processes is more a difference of degree than of kind internally to a form, i.e. a structure, consisting of different layers. Even if there is no single or fundamental theory of forms, in this volume the concept of form is analyzed in different fields (ranging from ontology to language, mathematics, and psychology , and in its different aspects according to a more modern theory of knowledge
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789401732659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 208
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 208
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The author argues that a reconstruction of scientific laws should give an account of laws relating phenomena to underlying mechanisms generating them, as well as of laws relating this mechanism to its inherent capacities. While contemporary philosophy of science deals only with the former, the author provides the concept for the reconstruction of scientific laws, where the knowledge of the phenomena enables one to grasp the quantity of their cause. He then provides the concepts for scientific laws dealing with the relation of the quantity and quality of the cause underlying phenomena to the quality and quantity of its capacities. Finally, he provides concepts for scientific laws expressing how a certain cause, due to the quantity and quality of its capacities, generates the quantitative and qualitative determinations of its manifestations. The book is intended for philosophers of science and philosophers of social science, as well as for natural and social scientists
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789401720434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 344 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 281
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Music ; Quantum physics. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A vivid and comprehensive picture of the current state of research in all directions of logic and philosophy of science. The book presents a wide combination of papers containing relevant technical results in the foundations of science and papers devoted to conceptual analyses, deeply rooted in advanced present-day research. Audience: The volume is attractive both for specialists in foundational questions and scholars interested in general epistemology
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 289 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 5
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401146333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 163
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 163
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Cultural property.
    Abstract: This work focuses on Latin Judaica and Biblical interpretation with a primary emphasis on texts that were found in the library of Archbishop Narcissus Marsh of Dublin. This remarkable collection of Latin Judaica, Polyglot Bibles, and other works sheds light on the way in which the Protestant Reformation dealt both with Jews, and the Bible, the Jewish Kabbalah and religious toleration or intolerance. The articles contained herein will be of especial interest to historians of religion and philosophy, and those dealing with Jewish-Christian relations and the manner in which Biblical interpretation was changed as a result of seventeenth-century influences. The articles also weave a new approach to the broad history of religious toleration. Philosophers, political thinkers, religious clerics, and budding anthropologists look at Judaism, Christianity, Kabbalah, and the Bible under a new and vastly more modern lens
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401147705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume of ARCHIMEDES examine particular cases of `reception' in ways that emphasize pressing historiographical and methodological issues. Such issues arise in any consideration of the transmission and appropriation of scientific concepts and practices that originated in the several `centers' of European learning, subsequently to appear (often in considerably altered guise) in regions at the European periphery. They discuss the transfer of new scientific ideas, the mechanisms of their introduction, and the processes of their appropriation at the periphery. The themes that frame the discussions of the complex relationship between the origination of ideas and their reception include the ways in which the ideas of the Scientific Revolution were introduced, the particularities of their expression in each place, the specific forms of resistance encountered by these new ideas, the extent to which such expression and resistance displays national characteristics, the procedures through which new ways of dealing with nature were made legitimate, and the commonalities and differences between the methods developed by scholars for handling scientific issues
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789401594097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLII, 466 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Environmental toxicology ; Regional planning ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Environmental chemistry.
    Abstract: The Northern Sea Route (NSR) through Russia's ice-infested Arctic waters can potentially halve sailing distances between Europe and Northeast Asia. It also passes by some of the world's largest oil and gas reserves. As we enter the 21st century, technological, political and even climatic developments are again making the NSR an interesting possibility. Is international, commercial shipping on NSR feasible - economically, technologically and environmentally? This has been the topic of six years of research within the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP), enlisting the expertise of 450 researchers from 14 countries. Acknowledging the complexity of the problem, the research programme used a uniquely multi-disciplinary approach, with 104 sub-projects mapping and investigating relevant ship technology, the costs and benefits versus other transport routes, potential impacts on the environment and local indigenous peoples, the cargo potential, political and administrative obstacles, the availability of insurance, aspects of security, jurisdiction and environmental law, as well as other aspects. The results and conclusions of the 104 studies have been integrated and is presented in this book - the first book ever to address the Northern Sea Route in such a comprehensive manner.It is truly a reference work, which should be on the desk of all commercial and political decision-makers concerned with the commercial potential and future development of Northern Sea Route shipping - as well as other stakeholders and interested experts
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 301 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: As a philosopher, Stephen Erickson considers himself a messenger of sorts and the message he is delivering is an important and groundbreaking one. He convincingly argues that we are entering into a new historical moment, a period which will only be properly defined and named by those who come after us, as were the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. Erickson predicts a failure and eventual breakdown of traditional values and institutions resulting in a dramatic change in our understanding of human life. This he illustrates with clear examples from contemporary political, economic and religious circumstances. To lessen the impact of this dramatic changeover, which will be initially experienced as upheaval and global anxiety, Erickson argues that we must do all we can to come into this new era, which he has called The Age of Thresholding, with a better understanding of our past and present. Only then can the message our future holds be properly received and understood. Many have asked why and when our century's values came into being, and why they have been sustained in the manner in which they have. These are legitimate historical questions, and I hope to supply some answers. But other questions should be directed toward our future. Over what threshold might we be crossing and what will have been ventured? What will have been gained, and what will be left behind? from The (Coming) Age of Thresholding
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789401592932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 206
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Hermeneutics was elaborated as a specific art of understanding in humanities. The discovered paradigmatic, historical characteristics of scientific knowledge, and the role of rhetoric, interpretation and contextuality enabled us to use similar arguments in natural sciences too. In this way a new research field, the hermeneutics of science emerged based upon the works of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger and Gadamer. A dialogue between philosophers and scientists begins in this volume on hermeneutic approaches to physics, biology, ethology, mathematics and cognitive science. Scientific principles, methodologies, discourse, language, and metaphors are analyzed, as well as the role of the lay public and the legitimation of science. Different hermeneutical-phenomenological approaches to perception, experiments, methods, discovery and justification and the genesis of science are presented. Hermeneutics shed a new light on the incommensurability of paradigms, the possibility of translation and the historical understanding of science
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 195 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Anapolitanos critically examines and evaluates three basic characteristics of the Leibnizian metaphysical system: Leibniz's version of representation; the principle of continuity; and space, time, and the phenomenally spatio-temporal. Chapter I discusses representation, especially as it refers to the connection between the real and the phenomenal levels of Leibniz's system. Chapter II examines the principle of continuity, including continuity as a general feature of every level of Leibniz's metaphysics. The position adopted is that the problem of the composition of the continuum played a central role on the development of Leibniz's non-spatial and non-temporal monadic metaphysics. The machinery developed is then used to offer a new interpretation of Leibniz' metaphysics of space and time. The notion of indirect representation is used to construct appropriate models that clarify the nature of the correspondence between the real and the phenomenal levels in the case of the relations `spatially between' and `temporally between', as well as in the cases of spatial and temporal density. Finally, Leibniz's solution to the problem of the continuum is discussed, arguing that it is not entirely satisfactory. A non-anachronistic alternative is proposed, compatible with Leibniz's metaphysics of substance
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789401706896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 347 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1998], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 6
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The larger part of Yearbook 6 of the Institute Vienna Circle constitutes the proceedings of a symposium on Alfred Tarski and his influence on and interchanges with the Vienna Circle, especially those on and with Rudolf Carnap and Kurt Gödel. It is the first time that this topic has been treated on such a scale and in such depth. Attention is mainly paid to the origins, development and subsequent role of Tarski's definition of truth. Some contributions are primarily historical, others analyze logical aspects of the concept of truth. Contributors include Anita and Saul Feferman, Jan Wolenski, Jan Tarski and Hans Sluga. Several Polish logicians contributed: Gzegorczyk, Wójcicki, Murawski and Rojszczak. The volume presents entirely new biographical material on Tarski, both from his Polish period and on his influential career in the United States: at Harvard, in Princeton, at Hunter, and at the University of California at Berkeley. The high point of the analysis involves Tarski's influence on Carnap's evolution from a narrow syntactical view of language, to the ontologically more sophisticated but more controversial semantical view. Another highlight involves the interchange between Tarski and Gödel on the connection between truth and proof and on the nature of metalanguages. The concluding part of Yearbook 6 includes documentation, book reviews and a summary of current activities of the Institute Vienna Circle. Jan Tarski introduces letters written by his father to Gödel; Paolo Parrini reports on the Vienna Circle's influence in Italy; several reviews cover recent books on logical empiricism, on Gödel, on cosmology, on holistic approaches in Germany, and on Mauthner
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789401142090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 250 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 63
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Algebra ; Geometry ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: A compact survey, at the elementary level, of some of the most important concepts of mathematics. Attention is paid to their technical features, historical development and broader philosophical significance. Each of the various branches of mathematics is discussed separately, but their interdependence is emphasised throughout. Certain topics - such as Greek mathematics, abstract algebra, set theory, geometry and the philosophy of mathematics - are discussed in detail. Appendices outline from scratch the proofs of two of the most celebrated limitative results of mathematics: the insolubility of the problem of doubling the cube and trisecting an arbitrary angle, and the Gödel incompleteness theorems. Additional appendices contain brief accounts of smooth infinitesimal analysis - a new approach to the use of infinitesimals in the calculus - and of the philosophical thought of the great 20th century mathematician Hermann Weyl. Readership: Students and teachers of mathematics, science and philosophy. The greater part of the book can be read and enjoyed by anyone possessing a good high school mathematics background
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789401714549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1999], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 7
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Philosophy of nature ; Quantum physics. ; Mathematical physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: From the very beginning it was realised that quantum physics involves radically new interpretative and epistemological consequences. While hitherto there has been no satisfactory philosophical analysis of these consequences, recent years have witnessed the accomplishment of many experiments to test the foundations of quantum physics, opening up vistas to a completely novel technology: quantum technology. The contributions in the present volume review the interpretative situation, analyze recent fundamental experiments, and discuss the implications of possible future technological applications. Readership: Analytic philosophers (logical empiricists), scientists (especially physicists), historians of logic, mathematics and physics, philosophers of science, and advanced students and researchers in these fields. Can be used for seminars on theoretical and experimental physics and philosophy of science, and as supplementary reading at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401153348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 199
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 199
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this collection of essays Allan Franklin defends the view that science provides us with knowledge about the world which is based on experimental evidence and on reasoned and critical discussion. In short, he argues that science is a reasonable enterprise. He begins with detailed studies of four episodes from the history of modern physics: (1) the early attempts to detect gravity waves, (2) how the physics community decided that a proposed new elementary particle, 17-keV neutrino, did not exist, (3) a sequence of experiments on K meson decay, and (4) the origins of the Fifth Force hypothesis, a proposed modification of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. The case studies are then used to examine issues such as how discord between experimental results is resolved, calibration of an experimental apparatus and its legitimate use in validating an experimental result, and how experimental results provide reasonable grounds for belief in both the truth of physical theories and in the existence of the entities involved in those theories. This book is a challenge to the critics of science, both postmodern and constructivist, to provide convincing alternative explanations of the episodes and issues discussed. It should be of interest to philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, and to scientists themselves
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401147187
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook - Volume XXI - 1997 21
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: The remarkably rapid growth of knowledge and practice in human and medical genetics raises significant questions about the social and ethical readiness of scientists, physicians, and others to make appropriate decisions concerning the utilization of this new genetic knowledge and technique. The continuing `temptation' to engage in eugenic practices tracks all new moves in human genetics and construction of human genomes. This book will be of critical interest to historians, sociologists, and scientists who have concern and interest in the burgeoning field of human genetic studies and practices
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401720144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 244 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Coudert, Allison P. [Rezension von: Goldish, Matt, Judaism in the Theology of Sir Isaac Newton] 2001
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées 157
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Humanities ; Metaphysics ; History ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: This book deals with Sir Isaac Newton's Judaic studies and their impact on his theology. After examining what Jewish sources Newton read, the author explains how ideas Newton learned from Jewish history and literature found their way into his understanding of ancient religion, scriptural prophecy, the Temple of Jerusalem, the ancient church, and the corruption of Christianity. This investigation sheds new light on many aspects of newton's thought
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789401590341
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 272
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Cognitive psychology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Descartes made a sharp distinction between matter and mind. But he also thought that the two interact with one another. Is such interaction possible, however, without either a materialist reduction of mind to matter or an idealist (phenomenalist) reduction of matter to mind? These questions overshadow the Western tradition in metaphysics from the time of Descartes to present times. The book makes an effort to stay clear of reductivist views of the two Cartesian substances. It defends a dualistic psycho-physical parallel theory which reconciles freedom of action with determinism in nature. Basic problems in perception theory are also discussed, with special emphasis on hearing and sound. Because of the intrinsic interest of the subject and the author's non-technical presentation of it, the book should appeal to all readers with a serious interest in philosophy and psychology
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789401588553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 198
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 198
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This first major collection of essays devoted to Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) brings together an international group of physicists, philosophers, and historians of science. It includes investigations of Hertz's background, his theoretical and experimental contributions, his philosophy of science, and his influence on science and philosophy in the twentieth century. Its central focus is Hertz's Principles of Mechanics of 1894 which develops the methodological intuitions that also informed his earlier discovery of electromagnetic wave radiation (so-called radio waves). Though his proposed reform of mechanics was not adopted, the book proved influential on physicists like Einstein, Schrödinger, Bohr, and Heisenberg, and on philosophers like Cassirer, Schlick, and Wittgenstein. It can be regarded as an ancestor of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions, it anticipated current discussions on the role of models in science, and it represents an important chapter in the history of conventionalism. Audience: Philosophers of science, historians of science, Wittgenstein scholars, historians and philosophers of technology, physicists, electrical engineers, and mathematicians
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 222 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 274
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropological linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Is there a universal biolinguistic disposition for the development of `basic' colour words? This question has been a subject of debate since Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution was published in 1969. Naming the Rainbow is the first extended study of this debate. The author describes and criticizes empirically and conceptually unified models of colour naming that relate basic colour terms directly to perceptual and ultimately to physiological facts, arguing that this strategy has overlooked the cognitive dimension of colour naming. He proposes a psychosemantics for basic colour terms which is sensitive to cultural difference and to the nature and structure of non-linguistic experience. Audience: Contemporary colour naming research is radically interdisciplinary and Naming the Rainbow will be of interest to philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, and cognitive scientists concerned with: biological constraints on cognition and categorization; problems inherent in cross-cultural and in interdisciplinary science; the nature and extent of cultural relativism
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789401590822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 380 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 46
    Series Statement: The new synthese historical library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Humanities ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; History, Ancient. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: Discussions about the nature of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy have aroused intense scholarly interest over the last few years. The topics covered by the essays in this volume range from the classical background of Hellenistic theories, through debates on emotion in the major Hellenistic schools, to discussions in later antiquity. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the Stoic views on the nature and value of the emotions. The essays are written with a high level of philosophical and classical scholarship, but contain no exclusive technicalities. Audience: This first comprehensive treatment of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy can be read with pleasure and profit not only by professionals in ancient philosophy but also all those who are interested in the philosophy of mind and its history
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789401734653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 468 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 155
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 155
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy. ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This ground-breaking collection of essays puts an end to the common notion that Kant solved the problem of skepticism. Commemorating C.F. Stäudlin, the first historian of skepticism (1794), scholars of various disciplines in unique collaboration disclose the continuing importance of the sceptical tradition in Germany, France, and Britain. Their wide-ranging studies cover Hume, Kant, and the philosophical situation in Germany both before and after Kant, particularly the all-but-forgotten Stäudlin himself. But they also investigate the role of skepticism in the political thought of Burke and Tocqueville, in de the development of mathematical thought (Montucla) and in science (Alexander von Humboldt, Laplace, and others), and in the context of such social issues as smallpox inoculation, suicide, and capital punishment. The collection fills a major gap in the history of skepticism, emphasizing the significance of skepticism for modern life and philosophy. It is of special interest to philosophers, historians, and political scientists
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789401736169
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 469 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 276
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Constructive mathematics is based on the thesis that the meaning of a mathematical formula is given, not by its truth-conditions, but in terms of what constructions count as a proof of it. However, the meaning of the terms `construction' and `proof' has never been adequately explained (although Kriesel, Goodman and Martin-Löf have attempted axiomatisations). This monograph develops precise (though not wholly formal) definitions of construction and proof, and describes the algorithmic substructure underlying intuitionistic logic. Interpretations of Heyting arithmetic and constructive analysis are given. The philosophical basis of constructivism is explored thoroughly in Part I. The author seeks to answer objections from platonists and to reconcile his position with the central insights of Hilbert's formalism and logic. Audience: Philosophers of mathematics and logicians, both academic and graduate students, particularly those interested in Brouwer and Hilbert; theoretical computer scientists interested in the foundations of functional programming languages and program correctness calculi
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789401151047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Mind Out of Matter aims to transform the way we think about consciousness and the physical world. Unlike many contemporary volumes, it develops a robust and philosophically satisfying account of the mind/body relationship without doing violence to fundamental physics. It expunges popular but ludicrous assumptions about the `in principle' capabilities of cognizers and, with the help of tools from mathematics and scientific fields, supplants flawed notions of representation, function, and mental state with objective and physically grounded alternatives. It debunks quantum theories of consciousness, constructs a simple zombie recipe, and evaluates recent research on chaotic analogue networks. This book is indispensable for readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, and for mathematicians applying complexity theory or information theory to biological cognition. Audience: General academic/university libraries, plus university departmental libraries in philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and computer science. Researchers and specialists in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, artificial life, complexity theory, and information theory. Researchers in the telecommunications industry
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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