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  • 2005-2009  (767)
  • 1985-1989
  • 2009  (767)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (767)
Material
Years
  • 2005-2009  (767)
  • 1985-1989
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264049895
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work; Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 3); Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 3): Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark ; Finland ; Ireland ; Netherlands ; Sozialpolitik ; Behinderung ; Krankheit ; Rehabilitation ; Integration ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Trop de travailleurs quittent pour toujours le marché du travail pour raison de santé. Et trop de personnes affectées d’un handicap se voient refuser la possibilité de travailler. Ce troisième rapport dans la série Maladie, invalidité et travail analyse les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer ce paradoxe. Il examine particulièrement des cas au Danemark, en Finlande, Irlande et au Pays-Bas et met en lumière le rôle des institutions et des politiques. L'ouvrage recommande un éventail de réformes susceptibles de répondre aux défis auxquels ces quatre pays font face.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264059658
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducing Fishing Capacity; Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducing Fishing Capacity: Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Abstract: Trop de bateaux de pêches à la poursuite de poissons devenus trop rares, c’est là le problème auquel sont confrontés de manière persistante de nombreux pays. Pour corriger ce déséquilibre les états ont souvent recours à des programmes de sortie de flotte afin d’adapter la capacité de pêche aux ressources halieutiques. Ce rapport propose les meilleurs moyens de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre ces plans de sortie de flotte. S’inspirant d’études de cas réalisées par les pays de l’OCDE et les pays tiers, il soumet aux gouvernants et aux gestionnaires des pêcheries une analyse détaillée des considérations économiques associés à ces plans.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Reducing fishing capacity : best practices for decommissioning schemes
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The cement energy technology roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the industry to make continued contributions towards a halving of global CO2 emissions by 2050. As part of this contribution, this roadmap estimates that the cement industry could reduce its direct emissions 18% from current levels by 2050. This roadmap is a first step. It is only attainable with a supportive policy framework, and appropriate financial resources invested over the long term.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Windenergie ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Einstellung ; Akteur ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Global Windkraft ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Haltung von Akteuren zu Einzelfragen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: Wind energy is perhaps the most advanced of the “new” renewable energy technologies, but there is still much work to be done. This energy technology roadmap identifies the key tasks that must be undertaken in order to achieve a vision of over 2 000 GW of wind energy capacity by 2050. Governments, industry, research institutions and the wider energy sector will need to work together to achieve this goal.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264076242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 ; Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is recommended for use in the Guideline. The assay uses three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. The assay starts with tadpoles at the development stage 51 on the Nieuwkoop and Faber scale and is extended for a duration of 21 days. Four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). After 7 days of exposure, a sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is sampled for the measurement of the length of the hind-limb. At termination of 21-day exposure period, developmental stage, snout-to-vent length and hind limb length are measured on all remaining tadpoles. A sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is fixed (whole-body or dissected) for histopathology of the thyroid gland.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 7-63
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Employment and Social Protection
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 7-63
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’emploi et la protection sociale sont deux moyens déterminants d’assurer l’instauration d’une croissance pro-pauvres et la réalisation des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement. Dans les pays en voie de développement la majorité des pauvres travaillent, mais principalement dans le secteur informel de l’économie, où les conditions d’emploi sont médiocres, la productivité faible et les revenus insuffisants. Une action visant à créer des conditions plus propices à la création d’entreprises à l’échelon local entraînera une amélioration des résultats obtenus sur le plan de l’emploi dans les pays en développement. La protection sociale est un investissement dans les personnes. Elle offre aux ménages la possibilité d’investir dans des activités productives et dans leur capital humain, et d’accroître ainsi leur productivité et leurs revenus. La protection sociale et l’emploi sont des priorités de développement permanentes, mais ils revêtent encore plus d’importance en période de difficulté économique. Il est jugé de plus en plus souhaitable, dans les pays en développement, que les pouvoirs publics intensifient leur action dans ces deux domaines.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264076327
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 438; Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 438: Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai sur œil de poulet isolé (OPI) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des substances parmi les substances « corrosives et fortement irritantes pour les yeux ». La méthode OPI utilise des yeux prélevés sur des poulets provenant d’abattoirs, où ils sont tués à des fins de consommation humaine, évitant ainsi le recours à ders animaux de laboratoire. L’œil est énucléé et placé sur un support d’œil, la cornée étant en position horizontale. La substance d’essai et les contrôles négatifs/positifs sont appliqués sur la cornée. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir d’une évaluation qualitative de son opacité, une évaluation qualitative de l’endommagement de l’épithélium sur la base de la rétention de fluorescéine, une mesure quantitative de l’augmentation de son épaisseur (gonflement), et une évaluation qualitative de l’endommagement morphologique macroscopique de la surface. Chacune de ces évaluations se traduit par un classement OPI, et la combinaison des classements correspondants fournit un classement d’irritation pour chaque substance.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264039544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This paper explores different measures of energy efficiency performance (“MEEP”) and considers the importance of so-called boundary definitions when measuring energy performance, and how these affect the appropriateness of country comparisons to guide policy decisions. The paper also addresses the limitations of both energy intensity and technology diffusion indicators as measures of energy efficiency performance. A case study on Japan’s iron and steel industry illustrates the critical role of proper boundary definitions for a meaningful assessment of energy efficiency in industry.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Campania Region's Educational Quality Facilities Project
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: Grâce au soutien financier du Fonds Européen de Développement Régional (FEDER) (Programme 2009- 2013) et d’autres dispositifs de financement italiens, la région de Campanie a lancé un projet visant à améliorer la qualité de ses bâtiments scolaires, en partenariat avec le centre de recherche CISEM de Milan1. Le budget total de ce « projet sur la qualité de l’environnement éducatif » s’élève à près de 600 millions d'euros. La région de Campanie s’est engagée à allouer aux municipalités et aux provinces les fonds nécessaires aux travaux de construction et à l’installation de nouveaux équipements.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.88
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment mieux exploiter l'ITIE ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI, www.eitransparency.org) aims to improve transparency and accountability by the full publication and verification of company payments and government revenues. The revenues flowing from natural resources extraction are huge. EITI is one of the international soft-law tools most supported by the international community to curb corruption and help the 3.5 billion people – half the population of the planet – living in resource-rich countries to benefit from the sale of their natural resources. Almost six years after the initiative was launched, the results are elusive for several countries. Figure 1 below shows that governments’ public endorsement of the EITI principles does not, on average, improve the perception of corruption levels in their countries. Moreover, according to the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, corruption control in EITI countries is worse than in non-EITI resource-rich countries. EITI countries’ scores deteriorated between 2002 and 2007. While these corruption indices are not limited to extractive industries, given their importance in the countries concerned, one would expectmore visible improvements in these indicators.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.159
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD is developing a strategic response to the crisis focusing on two priority areas: finance, competition and governance; and restoring long-term growth. As part of this strategic response, the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) has analysed the likely impact of the downturn on the drivers of long term economic growth and the innovation-related items in policy responses of major countries. Special workshops and sessions on the economic crisis were held by the Committee for Innovation, Industry and Entrepreneurship, the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy, and the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy. In January 2009, the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry circulated a questionnaire to member countries to collect information on specific innovation-related items of their stimulus packages. By May 2009, 27 member countries, all five OECD accession countries (Chile, Estonia, Israel, Russia and Slovenia) and South Africa had answered the questionnaire. In May 2009, the three OECD Committees recommended to make public, under their responsibility, this updated version. This report presents the results of this exercise: the first chapter reports the general analysis of the impact of the crisis and the appropriate policy responses, and the second chapter reviews current national responses.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/29
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075740
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration: The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales : Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Etwa 190 Millionen Menschen leben weltweit außerhalb ihres Herkunftslands. Diese Zuwanderer bereichern unsere Gesellschaften durch ihre Energie, ihren Unternehmergeist und ihre Ideen. Dabei gibt es aber auch negative Aspekte wie schulisches Versagen unter jungen Zuwanderern, Arbeitslosigkeit unter Migranten und natürlich irreguläre Migration. Solche Herausforderungen können die Zuwanderung zu einem politischen Zankapfel und heiß umstrittenen Diskussionsthema machen. Gestützt auf die einzigartige Fachkompetenz der OECD betrachtet diese Publikation die Realitäten internationaler Migration in der heutigen Zeit jenseits aller rhetorischen Floskeln: Woher kommen die Zuwanderer, und wohin gehen sie? Wie steuern die Staaten die Migration? Mit welchem Erfolg nehmen Zuwanderer an Bildung und Arbeitsleben teil? Und hilft Zuwanderung – oder schadet sie – den Entwicklungsländern?
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/12
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-26
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-26
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article examines the budgetary implications of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and how to strengthen budgetary review, budget treatment, accounting and assessment of PPPs.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers no.2009/01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2009/01
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: This report has been prepared as part of the Improving Social Inclusion at the Local Level through the Social Economy (CFE/LEED (2008) 9/REV1) project in the framework of the Forum on Social Innovations. A team of OECD experts visited Poland in June 2009 for a five-day study visit, to examine the role, both real and potential, of the social economy, and the support which could be given to the social economy to allow it to fulfil its potential. Meetings were held with representatives from the voivodeships of Malopolskie, Mazowieckie and Swietokrzyskie. This report is based significantly on the available statistics and on material gathered from the study visit, as well as research conducted both prior to, and after, the study visit.
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.42
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper examines the current academic and policy literatures concerning school evaluation in primary and secondary education within the OECD countries. First, it provides a typology of the existing systems of school evaluation across the OECD. It encompasses the diverse criteria and instruments commonly used to carry out schools evaluation, as well as the players involved in the design and implementation of school evaluation. It also describes potential consequences for schools. Second, this paper analyses how school evaluation schemes are interrelated with other components of the evaluation framework, such as teacher evaluation and system evaluation. The potential complementarities, duplication and inconsistency of objectives stemming from these interrelations are discussed. Third, this paper presents the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches to school evaluation, the resistance and implementation difficulties resulting from misalignment of interests between different stakeholders, and possible ways to overcome impediments to implementation. Finally, it reviews the quantitative and qualitative evidence available on the impact of different school evaluation schemes on school performance, student learning and the incentives for the teaching staff. It concludes by considering the circumstances under which school evaluation schemes seem to be more conducive to school improvement. The effectiveness of school evaluation schemes relies on developing competencies for evaluation and for using feedbacks. Alignment of stakeholders' interests is also critical to have the support of those being assessed.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: 2009
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264063709
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.664
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&D: R&D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful – especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming from multiple sources, keeping a wide range of options available matters more for stabilisation costs than improving specific technologies. Due to international knowledge spillovers, stabilisation costs could be further reduced through a complementary, global R&D policy. However, a strong price signal is always required.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.661
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Traditionally, the Norwegian compulsory education system has focused strongly on the linked goals of equal opportunities to learn, comprehensive and inclusive education. While some of these objectives have been met successfully, a number of educational outcomes, notably measures of pupil performance at the end of compulsory schooling, are unsatisfactory. Given the significant resources devoted to education, Norway’s modest performance on certain measures suggests that resources are used inefficiently. There are many possible routes to improve efficiency. This paper focuses on teaching quality, school autonomy, accountability and the level and composition of spending. Consistent policy actions should be taken in these areas, taking into account the multi–level structure of governance of the Norwegian education system.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.79
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les migrations de travailleurs hautement qualifiés : Une analyse comparative des politiques migratoires et des enjeux des migrations dans les pays de l'OCDE
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/17
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-6
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-6
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Tenth OECD/World Bank/IMF Annual Global Bond Market Forum highlighted that liquidity is a complex concept with different dimensions – micro liquidity vs. macro liquidity, market liquidity vs. funding liquidity, endogenous vs. exogenous liquidity, and so on. Relative liquidity (including ‘liquidity freezes or squeezes’) can best be explained by focusing on the market’s institutional structure, in particular the architecture of electronic trading platforms, the importance of OTC trading, the nature and width of the investor base, disclosure requirements, valuation methods, the role of primary dealers including market-making requirements or conventions, tax factors, and the role of issuers of government bonds and other fixed-income instruments in primary and secondary markets.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264060203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia
    DDC: 331.3/40994
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report contains - for Australia - a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, as well as a set of policy recommendations for further action.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.89
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium des exemples pays et enseignements tirés de l'application de la Méthodologie d'évaluation des régimes nationaux de passation des marchés : Mise en commun des expériences
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 55-140
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Abstract: This paper presents the experiences and the lessons learned by 22 partner countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia related to the application of the Methodology for the Assessment of National Procurement Systems of the OECD/DAC Joint Venture on Procurement. The Methodology was developed and approved for field testing in 2006 as an input for implementing the Paris Declaration agenda and to assist in strengthening country procurement systems. It is the result of the joint efforts of multilateral and bilateral development partners and of partner countries from around the world. These experiences and lessons represent some early results achieved by a group of volunteer partner governments working in collaboration with national stakeholders from civil society, the private sector, the media, elected members of parliament and with their international development partners. The present document is limited to sharing experiences in using the Methodology. Country examples from the pilot exercises and from other applications are used as case studies. A mapping of various country experiences in using the Methodology is provided in Annex A. The present document seeks to provide useful background information drawn from various available sources.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2009/09
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Procédures de planification de l'équipement à San Diego
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Capital planning for schools should include both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. And while building condition remains an important and necessary factor in short- and long-range facility planning, by itself it is not sufficient to reveal the full range of building performance issues or to guide decision making and strategies for prudent capital investments. Functionality – sometimes referred to as “serviceability” or “fitness of purpose” – has to do with how school buildings and sites support users’ activities. Its reference points are the owner’s operating requirements that represent the purposes and objectives for which the facility was originally designed and built, plus the many new functional requirements that have inevitably arisen over time (driven by such factors as enrolment growth or decline, grade reconfiguration, trends in curriculum, technology or educational philosophy, and community uses). In terms of functionality, a school can have positive attributes – it can be safe and secure, healthy and comfortable, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, even uplifting and inspirational – or negative ones – it can be overcrowded or underutilised, dilapidated or obsolete, inefficient and expensive, or even dangerous. There is a welcome and growing body of literature on links between the functional quality of educational buildings and the academic performance of the students who occupy them. This research is also consistent with new attention to the environmental aspects of schools, which are significant in terms of embodied pedagogy, the health and comfort of educators and learners, and, indeed, the long-term prospects for life on the planet.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Along with the recent success of economic growth in the developing world comes more pollution. Reducing these emissions while still enabling these countries to grow requires the use of new technologies in these countries. In most cases, these technologies are first created in high-income countries. Thus, the challenge for environmental policy is to encourage the transfer of these environmentally-friendly technologies to the developing world. This paper reviews the economic literature on both the creation and transfer of environmental technologies, with an emphasis on how the development of new technologies in leading economies can lead to environmental improvements in developing countries. I begin by discussing the incentives for environmentally-friendly innovation, which occurs primarily in developed countries. I then review the literature on the transfer of these technologies to the developing world. A key point is that technology diffusion is gradual. Early adoption of policy by developed countries leads to the development of new technologies that make it easier for developing countries to reduce pollution as well. Globalization also plays an important role in moving clean technologies to developing countries. Since clean technologies are first developed in the world’s leading economies, international trade and foreign investments provide access to these technologies. Finally, the absorptive capacity of nations is important. The technological skills of the local workforce enable a country to learn from, and build upon, technologies brought in from abroad. I conclude by discussing the implication of these lessons for policy, focusing on three examples pertaining to climate change: the Clean Development Mechanism, the role of intellectual property, and government-sponsored R&D.
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 109-127
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 19 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. National Legislative and Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 109-127
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Brazil ; France ; Ireland ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Moldova, Republic of ; Romania ; Serbia ; Slovenia ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Le premier amendement modifie le financement des activités de l’Agence fédérale de contrôle nucléaire (AFCN) dans la mesure où une partie des frais de fonctionnement est transformée en ressource d’origine fiscale. En plus de ces ressources fiscales, des frais de fonctionnement et des amendes administratives, le financement peut s’opérer par le biais de donations, de legs et d’autres modes de financement.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.34
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/28
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264060555
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Water for All; An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing - Key Messages for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing - Key Messages for Policy Makers
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Pour soutenir le développement humain et économique et préserver les écosystèmes, une gestion plus efficace des ressources en eau s’impose. Alors que l’utilisation de l’eau est source de pressions grandissantes et l’enjeu d’une concurrence de plus en plus vive, voire de véritables conflits dans certaines régions, cette nécessité est plus impérieuse que jamais. Des milliards de personnes sont aujourd’hui privées d’accès à des services d’approvisionnement en eau et d’assainissement pour cause de mauvaise gouvernance et d’investissements inadéquats...
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/25
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/11
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/05
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.729
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In the past decade, accountability has become a major concern in most parts of the world. Governments, parliaments and the public are increasingly asking universities to justify the use of public resources and account more thoroughly for their teaching and research results. Is this a favourable development for tertiary education? Or is there too much accountability, at the risk of stifling initiative among university leaders? This article analyses the main dimensions of the growing accountability agenda, examines some of the negative and positive consequences of this evolution, and proposes a few guiding principles for achieving a balanced approach to accountability in tertiary education. It observes that the universal push for increased accountability has made the role of university leaders much more demanding, transforming the competencies expected of them and the ensuing capacity building needs of university management teams. It concludes by observing that accountability is meaningful only to the extent that tertiary education institutions are actually empowered to operate in an autonomous and responsible way. By Jamil Salmi, Tertiary Education Coordinator, The World Bank The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. This paper is derived from a short think piece published in October 2007 in International Higher Education. The author wishes to thank all the colleagues who kindly reviewed earlier drafts and generously offered invaluable suggestions, in particular Michael Adams, Svava Bjarnason, Marguerite Clarke, Graeme Davies, Elaine El-Khawas, Ariel Fiszbein, Richard Hopper, Geri Malandra, Sam Mikhail, Benoît Millot and Alenoush Saroyan. Full responsibility for errors and misinterpretations remains, however, with the author. Les universités face aux exigences accrues de transparence et de responsabilité : Une évolution bénéfique ou dangereuse ? Ces dix dernières années, les notions couplées de transparence et de responsabilité sont devenues incontournables dans la plupart des régions du monde. Les gouvernements, les parlements et le public attendent désormais des universités qu’elles justifient leur utilisation des ressources publiques et rendent davantage de comptes au sujet de leurs activités d’enseignement et de recherche. S’agit-il d’une évolution bénéfique pour l’enseignement supérieur ? Ou cette exigence accrue de transparence et de responsabilité risque-t-elle au contraire de tuer dans l’œuf les initiatives des dirigeants d’universités ? Cet article analyse les grandes problématiques qui sous-tendent cette évolution, étudie certaines des conséquences négatives et positives et propose un certain nombre de principes directeurs permettant aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur de répondre de façon réfléchie et mesurée à cette exigence nouvelle. L’auteur constate que la demande universelle de responsabilité et de transparence dans l’enseignement supérieur s’accompagne de contraintes nouvelles pour les dirigeants d’universités, en modifiant les compétences que l’on attendait d’eux jusqu’à présent et en obligeant, par voie de conséquence, les équipes de direction des établissements à renforcer leurs capacités. L’auteur termine en faisant remarquer que cette obligation redditionnelle ne fait sens que si les établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont effectivement la possibilité de mener leurs activités de façon autonome et responsable. Par Jamil Salmi, Coordinateur des programmes d’enseignement supérieur, La Banque mondiale.Les observations, interprétations et conclusions exprimées dans ce rapport sont exclusivement celles de l’auteur et ne sauraient en aucune manière être attribuées à la Banque mondiale, aux membres de son Conseil des Administrateurs ni aux pays qu’ils représentent. Le présent rapport est extrait d’un bref article de fond publié en octobre 2007 dans la revue International Higher Education. L’auteur tient à remercier l’ensemble des collègues qui ont eu la gentillesse de réviser les versions précédentes de ce rapport et de l’enrichir de leurs précieuses remarques et suggestions. Il tient à remercier particulièrement Michael Adams, Svava Bjarnason, Marguerite Clarke, Graeme Davies, Elaine El-Khawas, Ariel Fiszbein, Richard Hopper, Geri Malandra, Sam Mikhail, Benoît Millot et Alenoush Saroyan. L’auteur est toutefois seul responsable des erreurs et interprétations erronées que pourrait contenir ce rapport.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.734
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This paper examines various aspects of fiscal policy in Slovenia, in particular fiscal consolidation, pension reform, efficiency of government spending and the tax system. It finds that Slovenia belongs to the group of new EU member countries, which have given in the past a high priority to fiscal prudence. This both stabilised the economy and paved the way for entry to the EU in 2004 and adoption of the euro in 2007. It also created room to counteract the current weakening of the economy. But fiscal policy has to cope with four main challenges: i) ensuring a return to fiscal consolidation after the current economic downturn; ii) achieving longer-term fiscal sustainability by continuing pension reform; iii) limiting growth of public spending and improving its quality; and iv) making the tax system less distorting for job creation and growth. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovenia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/slovenia).
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.36
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations for the purposes of monitoring how well prepared they are for the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework developed for the assessment of problem solving in technology-rich environments for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This covers the specific class of problems that people encounter when using information and communication technologies. These include problems where the existence of the problem is a consequence of the availability of new technologies, where the solution requires the use of computer-based applications or where the problem relates to the management or use of information technologies.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.45
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 219-255
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 219-255
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This case study examines the effect of deregulation and trade reform on South Africa’s agriculture sector, which is highly dualistic consisting of a developed commercial sector and a subsistence farming sector. Deregulation and trade reform has led to substantial changes in innovation in the commercial agriculture sector, such as wine and fruit, leading to a large change in composition while innovation seems to have been more limited in subsistence agriculture, which lacks absorption capacity. Legal uncertainties related to land reform may also be a factor which can negatively affect innovation in the commercial farming sector. Keywords: innovation, deregulation, trade reform, South Africa, agriculture, wine, fruit, field crops, foreign investment, absorption capacity.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 217-305
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 217-305
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The growing cost and frequency of natural catastrophes and their implications for economic growth and development have led to a concern over the level of public awareness and education relative to large-scale catastrophes and disaster risk reduction measures. Public awareness and education of disaster risk reduction are, in particular, increasingly acknowledged as important components of effective risk management of natural catastrophes. The financial component of disaster risk management and mitigation strategies, involving risk transfer and compensation strategies, is also recognised as being important for reducing the financial impact of catastrophes on individuals, businesses, and governments, and permitting more rapid economic and social recovery. As such, systematic promotion of public awareness and education of risks and risk reduction measures, including financial loss-sharing and risk transfer tools, is an important aspect of national and international strategies to reduce vulnerability and losses from catastrophic events.
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  • 47
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.674
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  • 48
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Economics ; India
    Abstract: This article examines recent micro-evidence on the productivity of Indian firms, helping to explain why India’s manufacturing sector has not performed as well as many observers expected. A series of structural distortions are documented, all of which may depress the performance of manufacturing, and thus the economy as a whole. These distortions exist at multiple levels, and reflect long-standing problems with the reallocation of labour across sectors, the excessively small scale of firms, low firm turnover, poor product market integration, high industry concentration and persistent state ownership. Combined, these phenomena represent severe restraints on the level and growth of productivity in manufacturing, and suggest that much remains to be done to improve the strength and sustainability of India’s development path.
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-25
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The first section of this article presents a combined analysis of households’ financial and non-financial balance sheets across OECD countries over the period 1995-2006, based on two OECD data collections – financial balance sheet accounts and households’ financial and non-financial assets. The scope of the study mainly covers households’ gross wealth (financial, dwellings and land) and therefore does not include debt. The second section, based on the OECD households’ financial and non-financial assets database, analyses financial risks borne by households investing their savings either in investment fund shares, in life insurance reserves or in pension schemes, and how these allocations have changed and developed over time in various OECD countries.
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.709
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper breaks new ground by providing comparable estimates of intergenerational wage and education persistence across 14 European OECD countries based on a new micro data from Eurostat. A further novelty is that it examines the potential role of public policies and labour and product market institutions in explaining observed differences in intergenerational wage mobility across countries. The empirical estimates show that intergenerational wage persistence is relatively high in southern European countries, as well as in the United Kingdom. Likewise, intergenerational persistence in education is relatively high both in southern European countries and in Luxembourg and Ireland. By contrast, both persistence in wages and education tends to be lower in Nordic countries. In addition, empirical results show that education is one important driver of intergenerational wage persistence across European countries. There is a positive crosscountry correlation between intergenerational wage mobility and redistributive policies, as well as a positive correlation between wage-setting institutions that compress the wage distribution and mobility.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.735
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 31-63
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. National Implementation and Enforcement of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaties
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 31-63
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Le fait pour un État d’établir une zone exempte d’armes nucléaires (ZEAN) est un droit souverain protégé par l’Article 1 de la Charte des Nations Unies et l’Article VII du Traité sur la non prolifération des armes nucléaires (TNP). Cela représente un pas vers le désarmement nucléaire en réduisant les zones sur terre et dans l’espace où de telles armes peuvent être librement fabriquées, déplacées, testées, stationnées et utilisées. Il s’agit d’une mesure de sécurité nationale pour les États souhaitant écarter leur territoire et leur population de toute course à l’armement nucléaire, de ses implications et de ses conséquences sur le développement, la santé et les relations internationales. Lorsque le Traité sur la zone exempte d’armes nucléaires en Afrique (Traité de Pelindaba) entrera en vigueur (probablement cette année), plus de la moitié de la surface de la terre et 119 pays seront protégés par de telles zones.
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.721
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: There is a case, but there are also counter-arguments. With sufficient forward-looking behaviour among firms and households, price-level targeting can act as a powerful built-in stabiliser through automatic shifts in inflation expectations. This stabilisation mechanism reduces the need for large shifts in policy rates, alleviating the risk of hitting the zero lower bound of nominal interest rates and falling into a liquidity trap. Furthermore, credible price-level targeting can support capital accumulation by protecting the long-run purchasing power of money and reducing the inflation risk premium embedded in actual long-term real interest rates. However, price-level targeting can imply welfare-reducing policy-induced output volatility in situations where the degree of forward-looking behaviour is very low. The self-regulating capacity of price-level targeting can be undermined if central banks are not fully credible. Besides, aggressive inflation targeting can replicate some of (but not all) the benefits of price-level targeting. On balance, the case for adopting price-level targeting is not clear-cut, all the more so since transition costs are likely to be significant.
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 109-155
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 109-155
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This case study analyses the effect of trade and investment liberalisation on Korea’s information and communication technology (ICT) sector and finds that trade and investment have played a crucial role in innovation in this sector. In the initial stages of development, imported capital goods and components, joint ventures, licensing and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) contracts were important sources of technology and exports were key to obtain the necessary economies of scale for innovation. Free trade and investment policies in the 1990s and stronger protection of intellectual property rights have led to an increase in R&D and innovation, which in turn has led to the transformation of Korea into a knowledge-based economy. Keywords: innovation, Korea, information and communication technology, ICT, trade reform, Samsung, production network, intellectual property rights, IPR protection, patents, ITA, Information Technology Agreement
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 143-162
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 143-162
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In the wake of a dramatic financial crisis and with the first waves of baby boomers approaching retirement we hardly need to think about how best to arrive at the pension funds' payout phase. This paper argues that there is an urgent need to raise retirement saving, to reduce defined contribution plan members' exposure to investment risks and to provide the financial industry with cheap and safe payout instruments. These challenges are also likely to call for a more active government role.
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 157-188
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 157-188
    Keywords: Economics ; Sri Lanka
    Abstract: This case study analyses the effect that the end of the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) has had on innovation in the Sri Lankan textile and clothing sector. The ending of the quota system under the MFA led to an increase in the US and EU markets which has motivated a large number of innovations in the Sri Lankan textile and clothing sector. Some large companies have become a total services provider, while others are trying to establish their own brands. Product innovations with foreign partners, process innovations such as introduction of CAD/CAM, and various marketing and organisational innovations have been implemented. Keywords: innovation, textiles and clothing, garment, Sri Lanka, Multi-Fibre Agreement, MFA, competition , CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, marketing, brands, fair-trade, outsourcing, FDI, joint-ventures
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/08
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: Finnish universities are about to enter a period of radical change. This paper considers the reforms expected of a new Universities Act currently before parliament and a set of institutional mergers. When passed, the new act will provide universities with independent legal status, change their relationship with the government in several ways, affect university governance arrangements, and alter the relationship between staff and their university employers. Although these reforms will be radical for the university sector itself, many of the changes will be all but invisible to those outside the sector. The change that will be noticed is the creation of the new Aalto University through a merger between three existing institutions. The new university will be highly visible to all as it tries to meet the government’s aspirations for it to become a world-class university. Le meilleur des mondes : Réforme du système de l’enseignement supérieur en Finlande Les universités finlandaises se trouvent au seuil de changements radicaux. Cet article analyse les réformes découlant d’un nouveau projet de loi sur l’université actuellement présenté devant le Parlement finlandais et de plusieurs fusions institutionnelles. Une fois adoptée, la nouvelle loi accordera aux universités un statut juridique indépendant, modifiera leurs relations au gouvernement en plusieurs points, affectera les accords relatifs à la gestion des universités et modifiera les relations entre le personnel et les employeurs universitaires. Bien que le secteur universitaire considère ces réformes comme radicales, la plupart des changements qu’elles vont entraîner seront absolument invisibles aux yeux de l’observateur extérieur pour qui le changement apparent résideradans la création de la nouvelle Université de Aalto, fruit d’une fusion entre trois institutions existantes. Cette nouvelle université occupera en effet le devant de la scène puisqu’elle s’efforcera de répondre aux aspirations du gouvernement qui veut en faire une université internationale de haut niveau.
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  • 59
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-12
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-12
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The information content of qualitative survey responses are confronted with the corresponding quantitative figures on a firm-by-firm basis. This comparison permits to directly check the information content of the qualitative data. The findings indicate that survey respondents provide correct information, by and large. The results lend support to the Carlson-Parkin method and may pave the way towards improving variance estimates within this method.
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-40
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This financial crisis, ending a period of search for yield and increased risktaking,has triggered various policy responses, ranging from more ad-hoc measures initially to more structured and co-ordinated financial sector rescue actions as the crisis evolved. Lessons drawn so far should help to devise longer-term, more encompassing and more consistent policies. Various reforms are being proposed by the financial industry as well as by official authorities and international standard-setting bodies, many of which arrive at similar conclusions regarding the causes of and remedies for the crisis. Shortcomings in risk management, including compensation schemes, governance structures, liquidity and counterparty risk, need to be addressed.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264076280
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 232; Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est destinée à évaluer les effets des substances chimiques sur la reproduction des collemboles dans le sol. Folsomia candida, qui se reproduit par parthénogénèse, est l’espèce recommandée, mais une autre espèce telle que Folsomia Fimetaria, dont la reproduction est sexuée, peut aussi être utilisée si les critères de validité sont remplis. Cette Ligne directrice peut être utilisée pour des substances solubles ou insolubles, mais elle ne s’applique pas aux substances volatiles. L’objectif est de déterminer les effets toxiques de la substance sur la mortalité des adultes et sur le taux de reproduction exprimé respectivement par la CLx et la CEx, ou par les valeurs CSEO/CMEO. Le nombre de concentrations d’essai varie en fonction des effets à mesurer. Pour une approche combinée visant à déterminer les CSEO/CMEO, huit concentrations formant une série géométrique, quatre réplicats pour chaque concentration et huit réplicats témoins sont utilisés. Dans chaque récipient d’essai, 10 juvéniles F. candida (ou 10 males et 10 femelles F. fimetaria) sont placés sur 30 g de sol artificiel modifié OCDE contenant 5 % de matière organique. La durée d’un essai de reproduction définitif est de 4 semaines pour F. candida et de 3 semaines pour F. fimetaria.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.726
    Keywords: Economics ; Iceland
    Abstract: Monetary and fiscal policies face huge challenges: the banking sector has collapsed; the economy is in the midst of a deep recession; the exchange rate has plunged; capital flows have been frozen; inflation is elevated; public debt has risen; source of revenues have disappeared; social needs have increased; and the unemployment insurance fund has been nearly depleted. Against this difficult background, this paper discusses what policy makers should do in order to restore balance in the Icelandic economy and lay out the foundations for a sustainable recovery. The key recommendations are to seek entry in the euro area and implement the fiscal consolidation measures necessary to comply with the IMF programme.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.90
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.93
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 129-145
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 17 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Radioactive Waste Management Act (Republic of Korea, 2009)
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 129-145
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: L’objectif de cette loi est la protection contre les dangers et les effets néfastes des déchets radioactifs et de contribuer à la sécurité du public et à la protection de l’environnement en instaurant les conditions d’une gestion sûre et efficace des déchets radioactifs.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 2008 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/06
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'analyse coût-avantages pour l'évaluation des mesures non tarifaires s'appliquant aux échanges agroalimentaires
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 9-28
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. U.S.India Nuclear Cooperation and Non-Proliferation
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 9-28
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: L’Accord de coopération sur les utilisations pacifiques de l’énergie nucléaire entre le Gouvernement des États-Unis d’Amérique et le Gouvernement Indien1 (ci-après désigné comme « l’Accord de coopération nucléaire entre les États-Unis et l’Inde » ou « Accord 123 ») marque une rupture dans les stratégies internationales et les relations des deux pays. Pour l’Inde, il marque la fin de l’isolement nucléaire découlant de contraintes, d’embargos et de contrôles et ouvre au contraire la voie au commerce nucléaire. En ce qui concerne les États-Unis, il crée un allié stratégique majeur dans la région en pleine évolution du sud asiatique et augure d’importants avantages commerciaux pour le secteur nucléaire américain. Cet « Accord nucléaire » représente l’une des plus importantes relations politique, économique et stratégique développée entre les deux pays depuis 2001. Il va en résulter une séparation des installations militaires et civiles en Inde, ces dernières étant placées sous le régime des garanties de l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA). L’Inde est ainsi, de fait, acceptée au sein du club des états dotés d’armes nucléaires selon la signification donnée par le Traité sur la nonprolifération des armes nucléaires (TNP)2, bien qu’elle ne soit pas Partie à ce Traité, qu’elle refuse d’y adhérer, qu’elle possède officiellement des armes nucléaires et qu’elle ne soit pas soumise au système des garanties généralisées.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.97
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.728
    Keywords: Economics ; Estonia
    Abstract: Estonia gave up the exchange rate and monetary policy tools of macroeconomic management when it introduced its currency board in 1992. While the currency board arrangement served the country well during transition in the 1990s, it offers limited flexibility to implement policies that would ease the EU convergence as well as mitigate the global financial and economic crisis. The ongoing financial crisis has made euro adoption more attractive than ever and put it on the top of the country’s policy agenda. However, shocks affecting Estonia are only weakly synchronized with those of the euro area, and the structure of its economy also notably differs from the euro zone. To benefit fully from joining the EMU, Estonia must strengthen other adjustment mechanisms to shocks, including flexibility of the labour market, further improving its environment to do business and a framework, which allows for anti-cyclical fiscal policies.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.158
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Product classifications are used by statistical offices and others for a number of measurement purposes. These include measurement of product usage, current and capital expenditure on products, domestic production, and trade in goods and services. They are therefore an important element of a set of statistical standards, with Information Economy (IE) standards no exception. This document presents the definition of information economy (IE) products developed by the WPIIS Classifications Expert Group. The product definitions complement the IE sector definitions that were released in early 2007. The latter are based on the 2007 revision of the UNSD’s International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev. 4). The document includes two IE product definitions,3 ICT products and Content and media products. Each definition is a subset of the Central Product Classification (Version 2) developed by the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD) and both are expressed in terms of 5-digit subclasses of the CPC. The CPC was finalised in December 2008.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.711
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.712
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: It is now time to invest in Africa. The prospects are good. Africa is already attracting growing flows of private resources, as a result of its greater political stability and economic reforms. Significant new investors are now engaging in Africa, from within and outside the continent. Development assistance and debt relief alone will not be sufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Africa now needs more and sustainable investment, both domestic and foreign, in order to accelerate economic growth and progress in poverty reduction, and become better integrated into the global economy. We call for the fulfilment of commitments made at African and G8 Summits and other global fora, including support from development partners to help Africa mobilise more investment, and better focus on mobilisible domestic revenue sources and indigenous resources. Areas such as infrastructure, extractive industry, tourism, agribusiness and ICT are particularly important drivers of development, and require support from development partners.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264062252
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 76
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 33-89
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agreements/Statements
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 33-89
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Déclaration conjointe du Président George W. Bush et du premier Ministre Manmohan Singh, le 18 juillet 2005 (2005) Mise en oeuvre de la Déclaration commune Inde – États-Unis du 18 juillet 2005 : plan de séparation de l’Inde (2006) Accord de coopération sur les utilisations pacifiques de l’énergie nucléaire entre le gouvernement des États-Unis et l’Inde (2007) Agreement Between the Government of India and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards to Civilian Nuclear Facilities (2008) (Accord entre le gouvernement indien et l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique relatif à l’application des garanties aux installations nucléaires civiles) Groupe des fournisseurs nucléaires – Déclaration sur la coopération nucléaire civile avec l’Inde (2008)
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Contrôle de la qualité des bâtiments scolaires dans la communauté flamande de Belgique
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: In the course of 2008, the Flemish Agency for Infrastructure in Education (AGIOn) evaluated the quality of school buildings in Flanders using a monitoring system based on international experience. The results showed that most school buildings satisfy the basic requirements of habitability and safety, but they often fall short when it comes to the new pedagogical and social challenges of the 21st century.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: There have been calls to increase the autonomy of higher education institutions in Europe for a number of years. They have been counterbalanced by demands for increasing accountability and a European quality assurance system. In London in 2007, the European ministers of education decided to implement a European register of accredited quality agencies, and defined standards for registration. Being part of the register requires “substantial compliance with all standards” instead of “full-compliance”. This might take into consideration the context of the national higher education system, the role of the agency in the quality assurance system, and even the national culture and traditions, allowing for different interpretations, some imprecision, and diverse degrees of flexibility and compliance. Indications from the United States suggest an emerging desire at the federal level to play a more visible role in regulating higher education through intervention in the accreditation system to ensure increased institutional accountability. This may have a parallel in the European situation. While in the United States the attempts at increased federal control have so far apparently failed, in Europe quality systems linked to higher education institutions were replaced with “independent” accrediting agencies. We analyse these changes and offer a possible interpretation for the differences on the two sides of the Atlantic. Accréditation supranationale, confiance et autonomie des établissements : Contrastes du développement de l’accréditation entre l’Europe et les États-Unis À l’échelon européen, certains soulignent depuis plusieurs années la nécessité de conférer une autonomie accrue aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur, alors même que d’autres exigent que ces derniers rendent davantage de comptes concernant leurs activités et leurs performances. À Londres en 2007, les ministres européens de l’éducation ont décidé la mise en place d’un registre européen où figureront les agences accréditées et où seront définies les normes auxquelles ces agences devront se plier pour être autorisées à y figurer. Les conditions à respecter pour pouvoir être inscrit au registre européen sont ainsi passées d’une « conformité totale à l’ensemble des normes » à une « large conformité ». L’interprétation de ces normes pourrait s’effectuer en tenant compte des spécificités propres à chaque système d’enseignement supérieur national, au rôle de chaque agence au sein du système d’assurance qualité, voire de la culture et des traditions nationales, laissant la voie ouverte à des divergences d’interprétation, à une certaine marge d’imprécision et à divers degrés de flexibilité et de conformité. Des indications provenant des États-Unis suggèrent l’émergence d’un souhait, au niveau fédéral, de jouer un rôle plus visible dans la régulation de l’enseignement supérieur, via l’intervention du système d’accréditation pour assurer un développement de la responsabilité institutionnelle. Cette tendance incite naturellement à établir un parallèle avec la situation observée en Europe. Tandis qu’aux États-Unis, les tentatives visant à renforcer le contrôle par les autorités fédérales semblent avoir échoué, en Europe, les systèmes de qualité liés aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont été remplacés par des agences d’accréditation « indépendantes ». Dans ce rapport, les auteurs proposent une analyse de ces changements et suggèrent une interprétation possible des différences existant des deux côtés de l’Atlantique.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.733
    Keywords: Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: While Mexico’s growth performance has gradually improved over the past decades, its convergence toward OECD countries has been less rapid than in several other emerging markets. The recent significant reductions in import tariffs should help the economy take fuller advantage of trade and investment integration, which could be a relative strength for Mexico given its geographic location. Reforms introduced in the past two years, including those to promote competition and transparency in the financial sector and, to a lesser extent in telecommunications, will also stimulate the dynamism of the economy. Despite this progress, further reforms are needed to boost overall and within-sector productivity. Relative weaknesses in education, infrastructure, financial development, the rule of law, as well as a lack of competition come out in various studies as explaining why Mexico has not grown as fast as other countries. Focusing attention now on reforms in areas with rapid pay-offs such as improving competitiveness and infrastructure could yield double benefits in supporting the recovery from the current recession and longer-term growth. This can be achieved by increasing competition, especially in network industries, liberalizing further the foreign investment and trade regimes, and improving education coverage and trade-related infrastructure.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264071193
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 451; Carcinogenicity Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 451: Carcinogenicity Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’objectif d’une étude à long terme de cancérogénèse est d’observer des animaux d’essai au cours de la majeure partie de leur durée de vie, pour suivre le développement éventuel de lésions néoplasiques durant ou après l’exposition à de diverses doses d’une substance d’essai par une voie d’administration appropriée. Cette Ligne directrice concerne principalement des essais sur rats et souris, et une administration orale. Les deux sexes sont employés. Chaque groupe de dose et groupe témoin contient au moins 50 animaux de chaque sexe. Trois niveaux de dose et un témoin sont employés au moins. La substance d’essai est administrée chaque jour par voix orale (dermale ou par inhalation), et le mode d’exposition est ajusté selon le profil toxicocinétique de la substance d’essai. La durée de l’étude est normalement de 24 mois pour les rongeurs. Pour des souches de souris spécifiques, une durée de 18 mois peut être plus appropriée. La clôture de l’essai est envisagée lorsque le nombre de survivants dans les groupes de dose la plus faible ou dans le groupe témoin tombe en dessous de 25%. Les résultats de ces études incluent des mesures (pesée, consommation de nourriture), et au moins, des observations quotidiennes détaillées, ainsi que l’autopsie générale et l’histopathologie.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.732
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: Despite progress over the past two decades Mexico?s health and education indicators remain well below the average of the OECD and some of its Latin American emerging market peers. Health insurance coverage is incomplete, especially for low-income families, and access to health services is highly uneven. There are several separate vertically integrated insurance networks, which increases administrative costs and results in an inefficient use of facilities. In education, lower secondary schools enroll only two thirds of the relevant age group and the quality of education is low, as indicated by poor PISA scores. This reflects poor teaching quality, a consequence of non-transparent teacher selection processes until recently, and limited school autonomy in budgeting, instruction and personnel decisions. Accountability to the government and parents is also low as there is no national exit exam after secondary education and the existing evaluation schemes are fragmented. Recent health and education reforms have started to address these issues, but more needs to be done to increase the efficiency of spending by increasing the coverage of health insurance, reducing the fragmentation of the health system, increasing enrolment in lower secondary education, and improving the quality of teaching.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.77
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 170 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2009/02
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cities are part of the climate change problem, but they are also a key part of the solution. This report offers a comprehensive analysis of how cities and metropolitan regions can change the way we think about responding to climate change. Cities consume the vast majority of global energy and are therefore major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, the exposed infrastructure and prevalent coastal location of many cities makes them common targets for climate change impacts such as sea level rise and fiercer storms. This report illustrates how local involvement through ?climate-conscious? urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities. Six main chapters analyse the link between urbanisation, energy use and CO2 emissions; assess the potential contribution of local policies in reducing global energy demand and the trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives at the local scale; discuss complementary and mutually reinforcing policies such as the combination of compact growth policies with those that improve mass transit linkages; and evaluate a number of tools, including the ?greening? of existing fiscal policies, financing arrangements to combat climate change at the local level, and green innovation and jobs programmes. One of the main messages of this report is that urban policies (e.g. densification or congestion charges) can complement global climate policies (e.g. a carbon tax) by reducing global energy demand, CO2 emissions and the overall abatement costs of reducing carbon emissions. To inform the groundswell of local climate change action planning, the report highlights best practices principally from OECD member countries but also from certain non-member countries.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264041844
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth; The Economics and Politics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth: The Economics and Politics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Cette publication démontre que les ressources naturelles peuvent contribuer à la croissance, à l’emploi, aux exportations et aux recettes budgétaires dans les pays à faible revenu où le capital naturel représente un quart de la richesse totale. Elle souligne l’importance de l’adoption de mesures qui encouragent une gestion durable de ces ressources. Elle met enfin en évidence la nécessité de bien appréhender les enjeux politiques de la gestion des ressources naturelles pour favoriser une croissance économique à long terme qui profite aux pauvres. La partie I propose une vue d’ensemble des enjeux économiques et politiques de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles. Elle décrit les caractéristiques propres aux ressources naturelles et les difficultés de gestion qui en résultent, le rôle que peut jouer une gestion durable des ressources naturelles à l’appui d’une croissance pro-pauvres, et les enjeux politiques et en matière de gouvernance associés à ces ressources naturelles. Elle formule ensuite des recommandations à l’intention des responsables des politiques quant aux moyens à mobiliser pour concrétiser les approches préconisées dans la publication. La partie II analyse sept secteurs en particulier : la pêche, la forêt, la faune et la flore sauvages, l’écotourisme, la productivité des sols, la sécurité relative à l’eau, les ressources minérales et les énergies renouvelables.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Education ; European Union
    Abstract: This article analyses the innovation agenda of the European Union (EU), places it in the context of globalisation and explores its foundation in the theoretical innovation systems perspective. It analyses a number of the central policy domains of this agenda: higher education, doctoral education, research and knowledge transfer. In the second part of the article, some major challenges of the EU innovation agenda for European higher education and research are discussed. These challenges concern: future shortages of higher education graduates, the issue of access and equity, limited world-class research excellence, the need to further increase knowledge transfer efforts, the lack of private funding in higher education and research, and the processes of academic stratification and regional differentiation. Programme-cadre de l’UE en matière d’innovation : les défis de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche en Europe Cet article propose une analyse du programme-cadre de l’UE (Union européenne) pour l’innovation, qu’il place dans le contexte de la mondialisation et dont il explore les fondements à la lumière des systèmes d’innovation théoriques. Il examine différents domaines politiques fondamentaux constituant ce programme-cadre : l’enseignement supérieur, les thèses de doctorat, la recherche et le transfert des connaissances. Dans une seconde partie, l’article propose une réflexion sur plusieurs défis importants qui attendent ce programme-cadre sur l’innovation pour l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche en Europe : la pénurie future de diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur, la question de l’accès et de l’équité, le niveau d’excellence limité de la recherche à l’échelle mondiale, la nécessité d’accroître les efforts liés au transfert des naissances, le manque de financement privé dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche, et les processus de stratification académique et de différentiation régionale.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.39
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: An epidemic of obesity has been developing in virtually all OECD countries over the last 30 years. Existing evidence provides strong suggestions that such epidemic has affected certain social groups more than others. In particular, education appears to be associated with a lower likelihood of obesity, especially among women. A range of analyses of health survey data from Australia, Canada, England and Korea were undertaken with the aim of exploring the relationship between education and obesity. The findings of these analyses show a broadly linear relationship between the number of years spent in full-time education and the probability of obesity, with most educated individuals displaying lower rates of the condition (the only exception being men in Korea). This suggests that marginal returns to education, in terms of reduction in obesity rates, are approximately constant throughout the education spectrum. The findings obtained confirm that the education gradient in obesity is stronger in women than in men. Differences between genders are minor in Australia and Canada, more pronounced in England and major in Korea. The causal nature of the link between education and obesity has not yet been proven with certainty; however, using data from France we were able to ascertain that the direction of causality appears to run mostly from education to obesity, as the strength of the association is only minimally affected when accounting for reduced educational opportunities for those who are obese in young age. Most of the effect of education on obesity is direct. Small components of the overall effect of education on obesity are mediated by an improved socio-economic status linked to higher levels of education, and by a higher level of education of other family members, associated with an individual’s own level of education. The positive effect of education on obesity is likely to be determined by at least three factors: (a) greater access to health-related information and improved ability to handle such information; (b) clearer perception of the risks associated with lifestyle choices; and, (c) improved self-control and consistency of preferences over time. However, it is not just the absolute level of education achieved by an individual that matters, but also how such level of education compares with that of the individual’s peers. The higher the individual’s education relative to his or her peers’, the lower is the probability of the individual being obese.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (139 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Turkey
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of Turkey's health care system shows that health status has improved rapidly in Turkey in recent decades, partly as a result of higher health spending. It describes the introduction of an ambitious Health Transformation Programme in 2003 which brought universal health insurance to Turkey in 2008 and has begun the process of public hospital reforms and the rolling out of family-practitioner services throughout the country. Challenges remain, however, including completing the Health Transformation Programme and ensuring that the new health system provides value for money and stays affordable. This report analyses these challenges and sets out policy suggestions aimed at addressing them.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264062689
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Aid
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de l'aide ; Pratiques des pays membres du CAD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thioléron, Elisabeth Managing aid
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; OECD ; OECD Development Assistance Committee ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Development co-operation donors are held accountable for the way they manage aid and the development results they achieve. They want to see more partner country ownership, greater use of partner country systems, and work better together. This involves decentralising responsibility, concentrating efforts, managing for results, creating new systems, changing staff profiles, and building capacity in donor and partner countries. This book outlines what individual donors are doing to fulfil their development co-operation ambitions and their part of the international agreements – reached in Paris in 2005 (Paris Declaration) and Accra in 2008 (Accra Agenda for Action) – to make aid more effective.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056169
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Aid
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les ressources pour le développement ; L'utilisation des systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Managing development resources
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Development ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Successful development depends in large part on the efficiency, integrity and effectiveness with which the state raises, manages and expends public resources. Improving the rules and institutions governing these activities should be a major component, therefore, of any development approach. Given that strengthening Public Financial Management (PFM) is at the heart of the Millennium Development Goals, and good governance more generally, the Paris Declaration (2005) seeks to promote joint efforts in this area between donors and partner countries. This report takes stock of progress in strengthening public financial management systems and provides recommendations on how best to facilitate achieving the 2010 targets set out in the Paris Declaration. It sets out the benefits of and rationale for using country systems, assesses progress in meeting the Paris Declaration targets, reviews the landscape of PFM reforms in partner countries, looks at drivers of successful PFM reforms, examines the factors that influence decisions to use country PFM systems, focusing on the perceived risks and their assessment and management, and describes the PEFA (Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability) assessment, which provides information on the quality of a country’s PFM system. This report shows that now, as perhaps never before, partner countries and donors must strive to build mutual trust and work together in a true partnership for results.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264056015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les enjeux régionaux des migrations ouest-africaines ; Perspectives africaines et européennes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trémolières, Marie Regional challenges of West African migration
    DDC: 325/.266
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economic Community of West African States ; Internationale Migration ; Westafrika ; Internationale Migration ; Zuwanderer ; Repatriierung ; Migrationspolitik ; Freizügigkeit ; Internationale Organisation ; Politik ; Fallstudie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Westafrika ; Europa ; Maghreb ; Mauretanien ; Senegal ; Westafrika ; Flüchtling
    Abstract: This publication presents contributions by international experts on various aspects of West African migration. It provides a contrasting perspective to current debates which essentially focus on security issues. This rather non-institutional approach promotes a constant dialogue based on analyses of the actual situation: the authors encourage "win-win" mobility for all parties involved (Europe, North Africa and West Africa), whether it be a host, transit or departure country.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La bioéconomie à l'horizon 2030 ; Quel programme d'action ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The bioeconomy to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Politik ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Biowissenschaften ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: The biological sciences are adding value to a host of products and services, producing what some have labelled the “bioeconomy” and offering the potential to make major socio-economic contributions in OECD countries. Using quantitative analyses of data on development pipelines and R&D expenditures from private and public databases, this book estimates biotechnological developments to 2015. Moving to a broader institutional view, it also looks at the roles of R&D funding, human resources, intellectual property, and regulation in the bioeconomy, as well as at possible developments that could influence emerging business models to create scenarios to 2030. These scenarios are included to stimulate reflection on the interplay between policy choices and technological advances in shaping the bioeconomy. Finally, the book explores policy options to support the social, environmental and economic benefits of a bioeconomy.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities, towns & renewable energy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Energieversorgung ; Energieeinsparung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtökologie ; Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Local governments have the power to influence the energy choices of their citizens. Many cities and towns have already encouraged energy efficiency measures. Even so, as demand for energy services continues to grow, the energy infrastructure that every city and town depends on will need to be expanded, upgraded or replaced. This provides the opportunity to increase the deployment of renewable energy technologies and decentralised energy systems, and hence gain the multi-benefits of increased energy security, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, but also the social benefits of reduced air pollution, such as improved health and employment. Many combinations of policies have been employed to stimulate local renewable energy development. These policies include: local governance by authority; providing resources; enabling private actors; leading by example; allowing self-governance. Mega-city mayors, down to small-town officials, have successfully introduced such policies, although these vary with location, local resources and population. Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy – “ Yes In My Front Yard “ includes several case studies chosen to illustrate how enhanced deployment of renewable energy projects can result, regardless of a community’s size or location. The goals of this report are to inspire city stakeholders by showing how renewable energy systems can benefit citizens and businesses, assist national governments to better appreciate the role that local municipalities might play in meeting national and international objectives, and help accelerate the necessary transition to a sustainable energy future.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060890
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Finland 2009
    Keywords: Environment ; Finland
    Abstract: Examen approfondie de l'OCDE des programmes et politiques environnementales de la Finlande. Il examine la gestion de l'air et de l'eau, la nature et la biodiversité, le développement durable, l'interface environnement/ économie, l'interface environnement/social et la coopération internationale. Cette étude propose un choix de données statistiques pertinentes et une série de recommandations destinées à renforcer l’infrastructure environnementale, à mettre en œuvre la politique de l’environnement et à intégrer les préoccupations écologiques aux décisions économiques.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth; France 2009
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als France
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on France contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264067127
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Impact Analysis; A Tool for Policy Coherence
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’analyse d’impact de la réglementation (AIR) est une démarche systémique d’évaluation critique des effets positifs et négatifs de la réglementation en projet ou en vigueur, ainsi que des substituts non réglementaires. Cette publication rassemble des travaux récents de l’OCDE portant sur les aspects méthodologiques et les expériences nationales résultant de la mise en œuvre de l’AIR. Les différents chapitres de l’ouvrage traitent d’un certain nombre des défis auxquels se trouve confrontée l’efficacité de l’AIR, notamment les facteurs systémiques qui influent sur sa qualité, les cadres méthodologiques qui peuvent lui être utiles pour améliorer la réglementation ainsi que les orientations concernant son emploi qui permettent d’éviter de réglementer inutilement des marchés concurrentiels. Un examen de l’application de l’AIR en matière de gouvernement d’entreprise dans un certain nombre de pays de l’OCDE est également proposé. Au total, cette publication constitue une source d’indications pratiques particulièrement utiles sur les moyens de renforcer l’efficacité des méthodes d’AIR afin de promouvoir la prospérité économique grâce à une réglementation de meilleure qualité.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264076129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trans-border urban co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ostasien ; Gelbes Meer ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Soziokultureller Wandel ; Transnationale Politik ; Bericht ; OECD
    Abstract: The Pan Yellow Sea Region (PYSR) covers the coasts of Northern China (Bohai Rim), western and southern Korea and south-western Japan (Kyushu). It has been one of the fastest growing economic zones in East Asia since China’s opening in the early 1990s, thanks to the region’s extensive manufacturing and transportation networks. Development has been driven by cities such as Dalian, Qingdao and Tianjin in China, Busan and Incheon in Korea, and Fukuoka and Kitakyushu in Japan. However, the PYSR has yet not fully utilised its assets nor reached its potential for growth. Further economic integration has been hindered by excessive competition and inadequate co-operation within the region. The regional transportation system requires structural changes to be integrated, especially in the container transportation market. Deepening the region’s social and cultural network remains a challenge. And environmental concerns are increasingly attracting attention. This report analyses these factors and assesses a wide range of policies to improve the PYSR’s competitiveness and integration. In particular, the report examines the PYSR’s trans-border governance system, which has emerged since the 1990s as a key regional policy agenda. The harmonisation of authorities within the region is a prerequisite to achieving economic success and addressing the PYSR’s diverse challenges. A comparative analysis of trans-border cooperation in OECD countries in Europe and North America is also included in an annex. This report will be of special interest to policy makers, researchers, NGOs and others active in trans-border development or Asian economic development.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmacogenetics
    RVK:
    Keywords: Pharmakologie ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Pharmakogenetik ; Innovation ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Pharmacogenetics helps us understand the relationship between an individual’s genetic make-up and the way medicines work for each person. This book reviews the use of pharmacogenetics across all stages of the health innovation cycle from research through to uptake by doctors and patients. It focuses on how to optimise the use of pharmacogenetics to deliver effective innovations for public health, and design policies that enhance their economic and social benefits. The book argues for large-scale studies to validate the biomarkers that underpin pharmacogenetics and policies to share the cost and risk of using pharmacogenetics to improve the use of existing medicines. Governments and others need to align regulatory, reimbursement and other incentives and work with industry to measure better the impacts of pharmacogenetics. Health systems need to take positive steps to adapt to the use of pharmacogenetics and ensure that health professionals receive adequate training.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044739
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 ; política y práctica
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version); Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Alors que les pays s’efforcent de réformer leurs systèmes éducatifs et d’améliorer les résultats des élèves, la direction d’établissement est une priorité dans les programmes d’action gouvernementale en matière d’éducation. Cela étant, dans de nombreux pays, les hommes et les femmes qui dirigent les établissements sont surchargés de travail, sous-payés et approchent l’âge de la retraite. De plus, les candidats pour assurer la relève ne sont pas nombreux. Quelles fonctions de direction contribuent le plus à améliorer les apprentissages des élèves ? Comment affecter et répartir au mieux les tâches de direction ? Comment doter les personnels concernés des compétences voulues pour leur permettre d’assurer une direction d’établissement efficace ? Comment rendre ces professions attrayantes à des candidats de qualité ? Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur une étude consacrée par l’OCDE aux pratiques et politiques en matière de direction d’établissement scolaire dans le monde. Étayé par une perspective internationale intéressante, il recense quatre grands moyens d’action et diverses options pour aider les pouvoirs publics à améliorer la direction d’établissement aujourd’hui et renforcer durablement la direction demain.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059511
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Water for All; An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’eau est indispensable au développement humain et économique, ainsi qu’à la survie des écosystèmes. Cependant, des milliards de personnes n’ont pas accès aux services d’eau et d’assainissement, en premier lieu à cause d’une mauvaise gouvernance et d’un manque d’investissement et d’entretien. Ce rapport met l’accent sur les aspects économiques et financiers de la gestion des ressources et de la fourniture des services d’eau, sur la nécessité d’aborder ces questions complexes de manière intégrée (en prenant en compte les questions de gouvernance), et sur la nécessité de réunir des faits solides pour étayer la formulation et la mise en œuvre des politiques. L'ouvrage résume les travaux de l'OCDE dans ce domaine.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264046016
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; Russian Federation 2008; Strengthening the Policy Framework for Investment
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: En 2007, les flux d’investissements internationaux de la Russie ont atteint des niveaux record qui font de ce pays l’un des principaux destinataires et émetteurs d’IDE dans le monde. La Russie pourrait accroître sa capacité d’attirer les investissements internationaux en renforçant la concurrence bénéfique et en ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives d’investissement. L’adoption par les entreprises russes de pratiques commerciales internationales normalisées peut également améliorer la réputation et la de fiabilité de la Russie en tant que destinataire et émetteur d’IDE. L’étude de la politique d’investissement énergétique de la Russie réalisée à partir du Cadre d’action pour l’investissement de l’OCDE définit différentes mesures essentielles pour faire face aux besoins d’investissement considérables du pays dans le domaine de l’énergie et surmonter les difficultés inhérentes à ce secteur.
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