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  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport  (343)
  • de Mello, Luiz  (36)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (379)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decarbonisation and intergovernmental fiscal relations : Policy challenges and reform options (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.43
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: This paper explores the nexus between decarbonisation and intergovernmental fiscal relations, focusing on related challenges and reform options. It highlights the significant role of subnational governments in tackling climate change. Subnational and national governments share responsibilities in areas such as taxation, spending and regulation pertaining to environmental protection, as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, which calls for effective intergovernmental co-operation to align policy objectives and implementation strategies. The paper outlines decarbonisation requirements across sectors and discusses subnational government involvement in service delivery, investment, revenue generation and regulatory frameworks. Policy options to strengthen subnational contributions to national decarbonisation goals are presented. While focusing primarily on OECD countries, the paper acknowledges the need for improved information on subnational decarbonisation efforts in both advanced and developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/c434c385-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving subnational governments’ resilience in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.37
    Keywords: Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on lives, the economy, and the public finances worldwide, drawing attention to the need to enhance resilience to future shocks. This paper focuses on subnational governments, given their important and growing role in the provision of essential public goods and services worldwide. The paper discusses key aspects of subnational resilience, in particular the sensitivity of subnational finances to macroeconomic cycles and shocks and the availability of fiscal buffers; the main factors influencing subnational governments’ ability to provide essential services during crises; and their ability to anticipate and prepare for future shocks, especially those related to climate change. The paper also discusses policy and institutional reform options for both national and the subnational governments to strengthen subnational resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b1304c8-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Growth Effects of Current Account Reversals : The Role of Macroeconomic Policies (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.871
    DOI: 10.1787/5kgb1mftj6s3-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing the Effectiveness of Social Policies in Indonesia (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.810
    Keywords: Economics ; Indonesia
    Abstract: Indonesia has made considerable progress over the years in improving the social conditions of its population, especially among disadvantaged groups, not least by raising government spending and strengthening social protection programmes. Nevertheless, in some respects social outcomes remain sub-par in relation to regional peers.
    DOI: 10.1787/5km5xvbm6bf8-en
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  • 5
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    Are Global Imbalances Sustainable? : Shedding Further Light on the Causes of Current Account Reversals (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.813
    DOI: 10.1787/5km4m2x07xhb-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Promoting Potential Growth : The Role of Structural Reform (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.793
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The global crisis has left many G20 countries with an unenviable legacy of lower potential output and high government indebtedness. Global imbalances, which had narrowed during the recession, are now beginning to widen again, as the recovery takes hold. Structural reform will be needed not only to recover the crisis-driven output loss and to maintain it in the longer term, but also to put the public finances back on a sustainable path and to rebalance global growth. To contribute to the policy debate, this paper summarises the analysis carried out by the OECD on the effects of a host of structural reforms on GDP growth, public finances and external current account balances.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmbm6rz4dg6-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gérer la congestion urbaine (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101315
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Urban Traffic Congestion
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: Le présent rapport aborde les grandes questions qui concernent la gestion des encombrements urbains. Il définit les encombrements urbains en les mesurant, en en appréciant les effets et en formulant une stratégie d'orientation des mesures de gestion, sans oublier de recourir à la technologie et aux divers modes d'exploitation de nature à réduire la congestion urbaine. Il propose des recommandations à caractère politique et fondées sur des recherches pour gérer effectivement la circulation et combattre l’excès de congestion dans les grandes agglomérations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101315-fr
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  • 8
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    Does Fiscal Decentralisation Strengthen Social Capital? : Cross-Country Evidence and the Experiences of Brazil and Indonesia (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.825
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This paper tests the hypothesis that, by giving people more voice in the government decision-making process, fiscal decentralisation fosters social capital, measured in terms of interpersonal trust. Empirical evidence based on World Values Survey data and seemingly unrelated probit estimations for a cross-section of countries suggests that people living in federal/decentralised countries find it more important to have voice in government decisions than their counterparts living in unitary/centralised countries. Pro-voice attitudes are, in turn, associated with greater social capital. The cross-country estimations are complemented by country-specific regressions for Brazil and Indonesia on account of these countries. experiences with fiscal decentralisation. The results show that the cohorts of individuals that have been exposed to decentralisation are in general more pro-voice (and trustful of strangers in the case of Brazil) than their counterparts that have not been exposed to decentralisation. These findings are not driven by the effects of political liberalisation on people.s attitudes towards the importance of having voice in government decisions and interpersonal trust.
    DOI: 10.1787/5km347ntdnxn-en
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  • 9
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    Fiscal Decentralisation and Public Investment : The Experience of Latin America (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.824
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Despite large differences across countries, Latin America’s average investment-to-GDP ratio and the overall quality of infrastructure in the region are relatively low by international comparison. Empirical evidence on the effects of fiscal decentralisation on investment based on a panel of Latin American countries since the late 1990 suggests that fiscal decentralisation discourages Latin American subnational governments from investing (acquiring fixed assets) and that lower subnational spending on investment is associated with lower economy-wide gross fixed capital formation. Latin American countries will therefore need to face a double challenge of revisiting the current arrangements for decentralised provision that discourage subnational governments from investing, while making the most of decentralisation as a policy lever to raise private investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/5km347r2hhbp-en
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  • 10
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    Are Global Imbalances Sustainable? : Post-Crisis Scenarios (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.795
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses the sustainability of global imbalances by testing for the presence of unit roots in the current account positions (measured in relation to GDP) of the United States, China, Japan, Germany and the oil-exporting countries using a methodology that allows for structural breaks in levels and trends. We find that the external positions of these major countries/regions are stationary around structural breaks, which define episodes of current account reversals. On the basis of an event analysis of past reversals, it appears that structural breaks are associated with shifts in the fiscal stance, exchange rate parities and potential output growth, a finding that underscores the scope for macroeconomic and structural policies to ensure the sustainability of external positions while avoiding potentially disruptive reversals. These findings have implications for long-term capital flows after the crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmbjh9p4jtc-en
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  • 11
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    Price and Volume Elasticities of Brazilian Foreign Trade : A Profit Function Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.704
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil, like other natural resource-exporting countries, has benefited from a sharp increase in commodity prices over the last few years. To investigate the possible impact of terms-of-trade gains on the real economy, this paper estimates normalised quadratic input demand and output supply functions for the Brazilian economy during 1997-2008. Technological change is modelled in a flexible manner through the inclusion of quadratic splines in the profit function. The paper contributes to the literature by using nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression techniques to estimate the input demand and output supply functions and by disaggregating exports and imports into capital, consumption and intermediate goods. Improvements in the terms of trade due to rising export prices and/or falling import prices are associated with hikes in export volumes on the back of rising import demand and some labour shedding in the sectors using imported capital goods. The direct impact of terms-of-trade changes on domestic consumption and investment is comparatively modest, possibly due to the fact that the Brazilian economy remains relatively closed to trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/223388731464
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  • 12
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    The Determinants of Employment and Earnings in Indonesia : A Multinomial Selection Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.690
    Keywords: Economics ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This paper uses household survey (Sakernas) data from the 1996 and 2004 to estimate the determinants of earnings in Indonesia. The Indonesian labour market is segmented, with a majority of workers engaged in informal-sector occupations, and earnings data are available only for formal-sector workers (salaried employees). This posed problems for the estimation of earnings equations, because selection into different labour market statuses is likely to be non-random. In order to describe selection into different labour market statuses we use the most general version of the method proposed by Dubin and McFadden (1984), which Bourguignon, Fournier and Gurgand (2007) proved to be preferable to other available multinomial selection methods. We also deal with reverse causality between education attainment and earnings by estimating the selection equations using an instrumental variable technique. Our findings cast doubt on the use of a binomial selection rule and suggest that workers with higher levels of educational attainment are most likely to find a job in the formal sector, and that the informal sector is perceived by those workers who cannot obtain a job in the formal sector as an alternative to inactivity. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia).
    DOI: 10.1787/224864812153
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  • 13
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    The Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Transmission in Brazil : A VECM Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.711
    DOI: 10.1787/222818683155
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  • 14
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    Do Latin American Central Bankers Behave Non-Linearly? : The Experiences of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.679
    DOI: 10.1787/226284172842
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  • 15
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    How Does Decentralised Minimum-Wage Setting Affect Unemployment and Informality? : The Case of Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.710
    Keywords: Economics ; Indonesia
    Abstract: The Indonesian labour market is characterised by widespread informality. To some extent, these outcomes can be attributed to a sharp increase in the real value of the minimum wage since 2001, when minimum-wage setting was decentralised to the provincial governments. To test this hypothesis, this paper uses survey data on the labour market (Sakernas), household income and expenditure (Susenas) and the industrial sector (Survei Industri) to construct a district-level dataset spanning the period 1996 to 2004. The effects of changes in the minimum wage on unemployment, formal-sector employment and the incidence of informality in urban areas are estimated separately by fixed effects and jointly by a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimator. Our findings show that an increase in the minimum-to-mean wage ratio is associated with a net increase in employment: a rise in informal-sector employment more than compensates for job losses in the formal sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia).
    DOI: 10.1787/222850046464
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  • 16
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    Current Account Sustainability in Brazil : A Non-Linear Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.703
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: The possibility that a country’s external current account may adjust nonlinearly to shocks is attracting increasing attention in the empirical literature. To shed further light on this issue in the context of emerging-market economies, this paper uses Brazilian data to estimate the determinants of the current account in a smooth-transition vector-autoregressive (ST-VAR) setting. We allow for the transition parameters and the model coefficients to be estimated simultaneously by non-linear constrained maximum likelihood. We find strong evidence of non-linearity in the VAR when (lagged) government consumption and investment are used as the variables governing transition across regimes. The computation of non-linear impulse response functions suggests that the system’s history, as well as the sign and magnitude of shocks, affect the current account’s responses to exogenous changes in income, government consumption and investment. In particular, responses to fiscal shocks depend on whether they are positive or negative and whether they follow periods of fiscal expansions or contractions. Current account responses to a positive fiscal impulse are much stronger when conditioned on periods of fiscal expansion (rising government consumption) than retrenchment. The importance of conditioning history and the magnitude of shocks in the current account’s response to shocks is confirmed by forecast error variance decomposition analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/223518424256
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  • 17
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    The Effectiveness of Education and Health Spending among Brazilian Municipalities (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.712
    DOI: 10.1787/222817104376
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  • 18
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    Indonesia: Growth Performance and Policy Challenges (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.637
    Keywords: Economics ; Indonesia
    Abstract: Indonesia’s growth performance is improving, following a slow recovery from the 1997-98 financial crisis. Investment is picking up, despite considerable business-climate obstacles to entrepreneurship. Unemployment remains high, and labour informality is pervasive. Fiscal policy has been conducted responsibly and in an increasingly decentralised manner. Monetary policy is now carried out within a fully-fledged inflation-targeting framework. This paper argues that the main barriers to raising the economy’s growth potential are to be found on the supply side of the economy. Indonesia will need to improve the business environment and to make better use of labour inputs to put the economy on a higher growth trajectory. The country’s income gap relative to the OECD is sizeable, and several years of sustained growth will be needed to eliminate it. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia).
    DOI: 10.1787/236831785800
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  • 19
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    Encouraging Labour Force Participation in Chile (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.608
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile’s labour force participation is low by comparison with most countries in the OECD area, especially among females and youths. In the case of women, labour supply has risen steadily over time for prime-age and older individuals, against a background of relative stability for men. With regards to youths, participation rates are trending down, primarily as a result of rising school enrolment, especially for males, while remaining fairly low and stable over the years for young females. The main policy challenge in this area is to raise female labour supply further, for both prime-age individuals and youths, as a means of making a better use of labour inputs in support of long-term growth. This can be achieved essentially by removing provisions in the labour code that constrain the allocation of working time and by improving access to affordable child care for mothers with young children. Policies aimed at fostering human capital accumulation for the population as a whole would also contribute, because educational attainment is one of the most powerful determinants of labour force participation. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/242103851837
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  • 20
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    Avoiding the Value Added Tax : Theory and Cross-Country Evidence (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.604
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper develops a differential game of tax avoidance by modelling the interactions between a taxpayer and the tax authority. This framework is particularly useful for explicitly modelling situations of conflict. The solution to the game is a non-co-operative Nash that depends on the resources that need to be used by the tax authority to enforce legislation and the cost to be borne by the taxpayer in tax compliance, provided that the curvature of the utility functions is bounded. Empirical evidence is provided for the value added tax (VAT) using a cross-section of OECD and non-OECD countries. OECD indicators of tax administration efficiency are included in the regressions. The empirical findings show that VAT efficiency, defined as the ratio of collections as a share of consumption to the statutory rate, rises the lower the VAT rate, the lower the share of administrative costs in tax revenue (proxying for the efficiency of tax administration), the more pro-competition the regulatory framework in product markets (measuring non-tax incentives for non-compliance) and the better the country’s governance indicators (regulatory quality, rule of law and government effectiveness). This paper is forthcoming in the Public Finance Review.
    DOI: 10.1787/242167601452
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  • 21
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    Interdependencies between Monetary policy and Foreign-Exchange Intervention under Inflation Targeting : The Case of Brazil and the Czech Republic (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.593
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The bulk of recent literature on foreign-exchange interventions has overlooked the potential interdependencies that may exist between these operations and the conduct of monetary policy. This is the case even under inflation targeting and especially in emerging-market economies, because central banks often explicitly reserve the right to intervene to calm disorderly markets and to accumulate foreign reserves, and when the exchange rate is perceived as out of step with fundamentals. This paper uses a friction model to estimate intervention reaction functions and the associated marginal effects for Brazil and the Czech Republic since adoption of inflation targeting in these countries in 1999 and 1998, respectively. The main findings are that: i) in both countries interventions occur predominantly to reduce exchange-rate volatility, while in Brazil the central bank also reacts to exchange-rate deviations from medium-term trends; ii) there are strong, asymmetric threshold effects in the reaction functions, and interventions are more likely and of higher magnitudes when they are carried out to depreciate than to appreciate the domestic currency; and iii) interventions seem to take place independently of contemporaneous monetary policy in Brazil, but not in the Czech Republic, where both policies appear to be interrelated.
    DOI: 10.1787/245585283155
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  • 22
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    Tackling Business and Labour Informality in Chile (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.607
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Informality often arises from disincentives associated with high taxes and a restrictive regulatory framework in both labour and product markets. About 20% of the Chilean population aged 15 years and above and working at least 20 hours per week did not have a formal labour contract in 2006. At the same time, nearly 11% of the potential value added tax base is estimated to have been undeclared in 2005. While Chile’s tax system is not particularly burdensome to business formality, there is scope for making product-market regulations less onerous to firms and the labour code more flexible, especially with regards to indefinite contracts and the allocation of working time. Low human capital remains an important obstacle to reducing labour informality. To the extent that informal businesses also hire informally, there is some room for designing policies to tackle business informality in conjunction with those aimed at boosting formal labour contracting. Chile is strengthening its social safety net through the introduction of unemployment insurance and by reforming existing health insurance and pension systems. An important policy question is whether the incentives for formality arising from more comprehensive social protection will be strong enough to compensate for the additional costs these contributory programmes entail. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/242111325372
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  • 23
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    Investissements en infrastructures de transport et productivité de l'économie (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101278
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (123 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.132
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Infrastructure Investment and Economic Productivity
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table Ronde fait partie d’une série de manifestations scientifiques organisées pour réfléchir aux instruments qui permettent d’améliorer la planification des transports. En abordant les effets macroéconomiques des politiques d’infrastructures de transport, elle visait à dresser un inventaire des outils analytiques et empiriques qui servent à déterminer le volume global des dépenses publiques à engager dans l’investissement en infrastructures de transport. Les documents de référence ont été fournis par MM. David Canning (Université de Harvard), Charles Hulten (Université du Maryland) et Andreas Kopp (Centre conjoint OCDE-CEMT de recherche sur le transports).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101278-fr
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  • 24
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    Managing Chile's Macroeconomy during and after the Copper Price Boom (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.605
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Compliance with the structural budget surplus rule, which has been in place since 2001, has allowed the government to maintain a counter-cyclical fiscal stance in an environment of rising copper prices, while delivering a gradual reduction in public indebtedness. Monetary policy is conducted within a framework that combines inflation targeting with exchange-rate flexibility. A Fiscal Responsibility Law was promulgated in September 2006, strengthening the macroeconomic framework further by embedding the fiscal rule in law and setting out regulations for the use of fiscal savings. Complementary pension reform is being discussed in Congress with the objective of strengthening the pension system’s solidarity pillar and encouraging retirement saving. The tax system is also being improved with a view to removing obstacles to financial deepening and to business-sector development. Government spending on social programmes is budgeted to rise considerably, in line with the authorities’ emphasis on social development. The main challenge in the macroeconomic area is to maintain the policy setting that has served Chile so well over the recent copper-price upswing, while tempering demands for hiking public social spending and maintaining a lean public sector in a low-tax, low-debt environment. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/242135544660
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  • 25
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    Tarification des infrastructures de transport et dimensionnement de la capacité : L'autofinancement de l'entretien et de la construction des routes (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101117
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.135
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Infrastructure Charges and Capacity Choice; Self-financing Road Maintenance and Construction
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Infrastructure Charges and Capacity Choice: Self-financing Road Maintenance and Construction
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Straßenbaufinanzierung ; Straßenbenutzungsgebühr
    Abstract: Le débat en cours sur les politiques à mener traite le plus souvent les redevances d’utilisation des infrastructures comme s’il s’agissait d’instruments fiscaux destinés à gérer la demande de transport. La Table Ronde a analysé les perspectives de voir l’offre de services infrastructurels guidée également par les prix de ces services. Elle a débattu des possibilités d’accroître les moyens mobilisables pour financer les investissements en infrastructures de transport et l’entretien de ces dernières en créant un quasi-marché des services d’infrastructures de transport. Le public a souvent l’impression que les redevances représentent une hausse déguisée de la taxation. Une tarification qui prend en compte l’usage des infrastructures (moyennant une redevance par unité de service) et certains critères pour accroître la capacité des infrastructures devrait corriger cette impression et favoriser ainsi l’acceptabilité politique de la tarification des infrastructures.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Transport infrastructure charges and capacity choice : self-financing road maintenance and construction ; report of the One Hundred and Thirty Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101117-fr
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  • 26
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    Accès au marché, commerce des services de transport et facilitation des échanges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101490
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (247 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.134
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Market Access, Trade in Transport Services and Trade Facilitation
    Keywords: Transport ; Trade ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Cette Table Ronde, accueillie à Thessalonique par l’Institut Hellénique des Transports, examine le rôle du secteur des transports dans l’intégration économique régionale. Les thèmes analysés sont : l'intégration régionale dans le cadre de la libéralisation multilatérale des échanges, les effets de la libéralisation du commerce international des services de transport sur la structure des marchés, les relations entre la libéralisation du commerce des services de transport et les politiques nationales de la concurrence ainsi que la nécessité de coordonner les politiques relatives aux infrastructures de transport internationales, la sûreté des transports au niveau international et les politiques de logistique.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Market access, trade in transport services and trade facilitation : report of the One Hundred and Thirty Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics ; [Thessaloniki Regional Round Table]
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101490-fr
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  • 27
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    Transport, formes urbaines et croissance économique (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101674
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.137
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport, Urban Form and Economic Growth
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Stadtwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Pour de nombreux urbanistes, il est important de contenir l’étalement urbain, qui est considéré comme à l’origine des coûts environnementaux et de la congestion. En revanche, beaucoup d’économistes attribuent des avantages à l’étalement urbain, qui permet par exemple aux ménages d’accéder à des logements plus grands et moins chers. Cette Table Ronde examine les coûts et les avantages de l’étalement urbain, en mettant en évidence les liens qui existent entre forme urbaine et croissance économique. Elle étudie les arbitrages à faire quand on tente de contenir l’extension des villes. Les débats prennent appui sur des communications de Mme Elizabeth Deakin (UC Berkeley) et de MM. Matthew Kahn (Tufts University), Gilles Duranton (University of Toronto) et David Banister (University College London).
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Transport, urban form and economic growth
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101674-fr
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  • 28
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    The Brazilian 'Tax War' : The Case of Value-Added Tax Competition among the States (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.544
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: This paper tests for horizontal tax competition in the VAT for a sample of Brazilian states in the period 1985-2001. The states have considerable autonomy to set their VAT rates and bases, often using this tax as an industrial policy tool. The empirical findings, based on the estimation of a tax reaction function in an error-correction set-up, confirm the hypothesis of horizontal tax competition: the states react strongly to changes in their neighbours? VAT code, especially those that belong to the same geo-economic region. Also, there appears to be a Stackelberg leader among the states, with the remaining jurisdictions responding strongly to its policy moves. There is no co-occupancy of tax bases between different levels of government and hence limited scope for vertical externalities in tax setting. But the fact that the federal government shares with the states part of the revenue of its more elastic taxes, such as the income tax, appears to affect the opportunity cost of horizontal tax competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/286220576442
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  • 29
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    Local Government Finances : The Link between Intergovernmental Transfers and Net Worth (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.581
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: There is a large literature on how the sharing of revenue between different levels of government and the design of intergovernmental transfer schemes affect sub-national finances. Using a panel of OECD countries during 1980-2005, this paper tests for: i) the presence of a stable long-run statistical association between changes in transfer receipts and sub-national net worth and ii) the direction of causality between changes in transfer receipts and net worth. The main empirical findings are that, first, there is a stable long-term relationship between transfer receipts and local government net worth for the case of current, but not capital, transfers. An increase in intergovernmental transfer receipts is found to be associated with a modest reduction in the recipient jurisdiction’s net worth over the long term, but a fall in net worth is associated with an almost one-to-one subsequent increase in transfer receipts. Second, the direction of causality is sensitive to the technique used to estimate the long-term parameters. One technique suggests that causality runs from transfers to net worth, which lends support to a large literature on the effect of cost-shifting on sub-national budget outcomes. But causality also appears to run from net worth to transfer receipts, suggesting that transfers may be used as a deficitfinancing tool.
    DOI: 10.1787/080476332876
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  • 30
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    Améliorer l'accès aux taxis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101063
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Taxis
    Keywords: Transport ; Taxi ; Dienstleistungsangebot ; Zugang ; Verbesserung ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Design ; Behinderung
    Abstract: Les taxis constituent un mode de transport essentiel pour les personnes handicapées ou âgées. Le caractère personnalisé du service porte à porte qu’ils offrent et leur grande disponibilité leur permettent en effet de répondre particulièrement bien aux besoins de mobilité des personnes atteintes d’un handicap. Bien que l’accessibilité des services de taxi se soit améliorée dans plusieurs pays, il reste encore beaucoup à faire. Cette étude conjointe de la CEMT et de l’IRU examine les facteurs liés à la conception et à la construction des véhicules de taxi ainsi que les mesures pratiques permettant d’accroître la production et l’utilisation de taxis accessibles
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Improving access to taxis
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101063-fr
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  • 31
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    Transports et émissions de CO2 : Quels progrès ? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123805
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions; What Progress?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions: What Progress?
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Reduktion
    Abstract: En dépit des efforts importants déployés par certains pays, les émissions de CO2 liées aux transports n’ont cessé de croître au cours de la dernière décennie. Ce rapport passe en revue les progrès accomplis par les pays de l’OCDE et de la CEMT en matière de réduction des émissions de CO2 imputables au secteur des transports. Il inclut des données détaillés par pays sur les mesures de lutte contres ces émissions pour les années 1990-2003.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Cutting transport CO 2 emissions : what progress?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123805-fr
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  • 32
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    La (dé)-réglementation du secteur des taxis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101179
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.133
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. (De)Regulation of the Taxi Industry
    Keywords: Transport ; OECD ; Taxiverkehr
    Abstract: La Table Ronde analyse la raison d’être de la libéralisation du secteur des taxis et l’expérience acquise dans les pays membres de l’OCDE et de la CEMT en matière de réglementation de la profession. Cette réglementation s’articule autour de plusieurs axes, à savoir l’accès au marché, les tarifs et la qualité des services. Le débat conceptuel arrive à la conclusion que la thèse selon laquelle des restrictions à l’entrée du marché améliorent l’utilisation de la capacité n’est guère étayée par les faits. Au contraire, on peut alléguer que l’augmentation du nombre d’entrées dans la profession et les économies de densité qui en découlent, ainsi que la diminution des temps d’attente pour l’usager, justifient l’octroi de subventions à l’entrée.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: (De)regulation of the taxi industry : report of the One Hundred and Thirty Third Round Table on Transport Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101179-fr
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  • 33
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    Estimation et évaluation des coûts de transport (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101544
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.136
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estimation and Evaluation of Transport Costs
    Keywords: Transport ; Verkehrspolitik
    Abstract: Les données sur les coûts de construction et d’exploitation des installations sont essentielles pour l’évaluation des services d’infrastructure fournis par les opérateurs publics ou privés. Cette table ronde examine quelles données sont nécessaires pour l’évaluation ; quelles sont les méthodes susceptibles de permettre de mesurer l’efficience des services fournis et d’assurer une évaluation comparative efficace des prestataires ; quels sont les effets des systèmes réglementaires sur les coûts ; et comment les régulateurs remédient à l’asymétrie des informations et au fait que ceux qui fournissent les données ont davantage tendance à servir les intérêts des entreprises que ceux des usagers.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Estimation and evaluation of transport costs : report of the One Hundred and Thirty Sixth Round Table on Transport Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101544-fr
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  • 34
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    L' adjudication par appels d'offres des services ferroviaires (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101452
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (257 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Tendering of Rail Services
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: L’adjudication par appels d’offres est un moyen d’ouvrir le marché des transports ferroviaires à la concurrence tout en conservant un réseau intégré de services. Cette pratique a été utilisée pour les transports ferroviaires de marchandises dans certains pays. Mais elle est surtout intéressante pour les réseaux de transport de passagers lorsque des services subventionnés rendent difficile, voire impossible, l’instauration d’une concurrence entre des trains assurant les mêmes trajets. Ce rapport passe en revue les expériences d’adjudication par appels d’offres des services ferroviaires mises en œuvre à ce jour de par le monde. Il cherche à tirer des enseignements susceptibles d’améliorer la conception des concessions et de la réglementation, à partir d’exemples de réussite ou de cas moins probants. Les travaux reposent sur des examens approfondis - menés par d’éminents experts - des expériences de concessions de transports ferroviaires de voyageurs au Royaume-Uni, en Australie, en Allemagne, en Suède et aux Pays-Bas. Ils s’appuient également sur des exemples de concessions de fret ferroviaire en Amérique latine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101452-fr
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  • 35
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    Transport Links between Europe and Asia (Russian version) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103814
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Links between Europe and Asia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les liaisons de transport entre l'Europe et l'Asie
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103814-ru
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  • 36
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    Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stability in Latin America : The Cases of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.545
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: In 1999, new monetary policy regimes were adopted in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, combining inflation targeting with floating exchange rates. These regime changes have been accompanied by lower volatility in the monetary stance in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, despite higher inflation volatility in Brazil and Colombia. This paper estimates a conventional New Keynesian model for these four countries and shows that: i) the post-1999 regime has been associated with greater responsiveness by the monetary authority to changes in expected inflation in Brazil and Chile, while in Colombia and Mexico monetary policy has become less counter-cyclical, ii) lower interest-rate volatility in the post-1999 period owes more to a benign economic environment than to a change in the policy setting, and iii) the change in the monetary regime has not yet resulted in a reduction in output volatility in these countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/285851107845
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  • 37
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    La gestion de la vitesse (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103807
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestión de velocidad
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: La vitesse excessive est aujourd'hui responsable d'environ un tiers du nombre - inacceptable - de tués sur les routes. Réduire les vitesses moyennes de seulement 5% permettrait de sauver environ 20% des tués sur les routes. Ce rapport, préparé par un Groupe de travail du Centre conjoint OCDE/CEMT de Recherche sur les Transports, examine ces enjeux importants et identifie les améliorations nécessaires pour s’attaquer au problème de la vitesse, que ce soit au niveau des politiques ou de l’exploitation des infrastructures. Il esquisse un cadre pour parvenir au meilleur résultat en termes de sécurité routière tout en préservant l'environnement et en contribuant à une mobilité durable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103807-fr
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  • 38
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    Transport Infrastructure Charges and Capacity Choice : Self-financing Road Maintenance and Construction (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.135
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tarification des infrastructures de transport et dimensionnement de la capacité ; L'autofinancement de l'entretien et de la construction des routes
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Much of the current policy debate has considered infrastructure charges as a form of “fiscal” instrument for managing transport demand. The Round Table analysed the opportunities for setting infrastructure service prices so that they also provide guidance for the supply of services. It discussed the possibilities of increasing the finances available for transport infrastructure investment and maintenance by introducing a quasi-market for transport infrastructure services. The general public impression is that charges are a just another tax increase in disguise. Infrastructure charging that uses a mix of “fees for service” and capacity expansion criteria is expected to correct this impression, and thus to improve the political acceptability of infrastructure pricing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101094-en
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  • 39
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    (De)Regulation of the Taxi Industry (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (169 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.133
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La (dé)-réglementation du secteur des taxis
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the basic case for liberalisation of the taxi industry, and reviews experiences with taxi (de-)regulation in OECD and ECMT member countries. There are a number of aspects to regulation of the taxi industry including entry, price and service quality regulation. The discussions of these aspects concluded that little empirical evidence supported the argument that entry restrictions improved capacity utilisation. On the contrary, the case could be made that increased entry and associated economies of density, as well as shorter passenger waiting times, warranted subsidies for entry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101155-en
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  • 40
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    Transport Infrastructure Investment and Economic Productivity (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.132
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Investissements en infrastructures de transport et productivité de l'économie
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table is one of a series of research events to discuss tools to improve transport planning. It addressed the macroeconomic effects of transport infrastructure policies, and aimed at identifying analytical and empirical tools that could determine the overall volume of public expenditure for transport infrastructure investment. It also sought to identify state-of-the-art methods for assessing the macroeconomic impact of transport infrastructure investment. Background papers were provided by David Canning (Harvard University), Charles Hulten (University of Maryland) and Andreas Kopp (OECD/ECMT Transport Research Centre).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101254-en
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  • 41
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    Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions : What Progress? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et émissions de CO2 ; Quels progrès ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et émissions de CO2 : Quels progrès ?
    RVK:
    AR 23400
    RVK:
    QT 800
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon dioxide Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Environment ; Transport ; OECD ; Verkehrssektor ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Emissionsverringerung ; European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Abstract: Despite significant efforts on the part of some countries, transport CO2 emissions have increased steadily over the last ten years. This report reviews the progress OECD and ECMT countries have made in reducing transport sector CO2 emissions and makes recommendations for the focus of future policies. It includes detailed country-by country information on measures adopted and transport sector emissions for the period 1990 - 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123782-en
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  • 42
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    Transport, Urban Form and Economic Growth (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101650
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.137
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport, formes urbaines et croissance économique
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: Containing sprawl is a major preoccupation of many urban planners, who view sprawl as responsible for driving up environmental costs and congestion. Nevertheless, many economists see benefits to sprawl, allowing households access to larger and cheaper properties. This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of sprawl, shedding light on the linkages between urban form and economic growth, and explored the tradeoffs involved in trying to contain sprawl. Discussions were based on papers prepared by Elizabeth Deakin (UC Berkeley), Matthew Kahn (Tufts University), Gilles Duranton (University of Toronto) and David Banister (University College London).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101650-en
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  • 43
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    Market Access, Trade in Transport Services and Trade Facilitation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (235 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.134
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accès au marché, commerce des services de transport et facilitation des échanges
    Keywords: Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: This ECMT Round Table, hosted by the Hellenic Institute of Transport in Thessaloniki, Greece, focused on regional integration in the context of multilateral trade liberalisation, the effects on market structure of liberalising trade in transport services, interaction of the liberalisation of trade in transport services and national competition policies, and demand for the coordination of international transport infrastructure policies, transport security, and logistics policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101476-en
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  • 44
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    Estimation and Evaluation of Transport Costs (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.136
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estimation et évaluation des coûts de transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cost data for the construction and operation of facilities are essential for the evaluation of infrastructure services supplied by private or public providers. This roundtable examines what data is needed for evaluation; which methods best measure the efficiency of service provision and benchmark providers; how regulatory regimes impact costs; and how regulators can counter the asymmetry of information as well as the incentive for data providers to selectively serve business rather than user interests.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101520-en
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  • 45
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    Improving Access to Taxis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'accès aux taxis
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Taxis are an essential mode of transport for disabled and older people. The combination of the personal service they offer, their wide availability and door-to-door operations enable them to respond particularly well to the travel needs of people with disabilities. Although several countries have made progress in improving the accessibility of taxi services, much remains to be done. This joint ECMT/IRU study examines factors relating to the design and manufacture of taxi vehicles and considers practical measures to increase the production and use of accessible taxis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101049-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Competitive Tendering of Rail Services (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'adjudication par appels d'offres des services ferroviaires
    RVK:
    QR 820
    Keywords: Transport ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Eisenbahn ; Personenbeförderung ; Wettbewerb ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Eisenbahnverkehr ; Öffentliche Ausschreibung
    Abstract: Competitive tendering provides a way to introduce competition to railways whilst preserving an integrated network of services. It has been used for freight railways in some countries but is particularly attractive for passenger networks when subsidised services make competition between trains serving the same routes difficult or impossible to organise. This report examines experience to date from around the world in competitively tendering rail services. It seeks to draw lessons for effective design of concessions and regulation from both the successful and less successful cases examined. The work is based on detailed examinations by leading experts of the experience of passenger rail concessions in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. It also draws on examples of freight rail concessions in Latin America.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101636-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
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    Managing Urban Traffic Congestion (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer la congestion urbaine
    RVK:
    QR 860
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; OECD ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrsstau
    Abstract: This report addresses key issues concerning managing urban traffic congestion, including defining congestion, measuring congestion, assessing its impacts, formulating a strategic vision for guiding management policies, and using technology and other operational options to ameliorate congestion. It offers policy-oriented, research-based recommendations for effectively managing traffic and cutting excess congestion in large urban areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101506-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 48
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    The Social Costs of Transport : A Glossary (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (5 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les coûts sociaux des transports ; Glossaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les coûts sociaux des transports : Glossaire
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This glossary of terms and definitions, which was produced by an ad hoc Task Force on Social Costs, provides a basis for agreement among governments on what classes of social effects require internalisation and where intervention is appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065307-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 49
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    Les coûts sociaux des transports : Glossaire (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065314
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Social Costs of Transport; A Glossary
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Social Costs of Transport: A Glossary
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce glossaire de termes et définitions, élaboré dans le cadre de la "Task Force" ad hoc sur les coûts sociaux des transports, devrait servir de base aux gouvernements pour se mettre d'accord sur les types d'effets sociaux qui demandent à être internalisés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065314-fr
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  • 50
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    Consolidating Macroeconomic Adjustment in Brazil (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.531
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil has made considerable progress in recent years towards consolidating macroeconomic stability, which is a key framework condition for sustained growth. Monetary policy continues to respond swiftly to changes in the inflation outlook, anchoring expectations. Fiscal policy has been guided by debt sustainability considerations, delivering primary budget surpluses that have often exceeded the end-year targets. Nevertheless, while the public debt-to-GDP has been reduced, it remains high, especially in comparison with other emerging-market economies. Brazil?s overarching macroeconomic challenge is therefore to continue to reduce the public debt overhang while improving the quality of fiscal adjustment, which has so far been underpinned by revenue hikes, rather than a retrenchment of expenditure commitments. To do so, measures will need to be taken to arrest the increase in current spending, especially on pensions, paving the way for subsequently removing distortions and reducing the tax burden over the medium to longer term, once the debt-to-GDP ratio has been reduced in a sustainable manner. The favourable domestic macroeconomic environment, with falling inflation and improving growth prospects, appears propitious for reform towards the gradual phasing-out of directed credit and a reduction in compulsory reserve requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/361015676222
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  • 51
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    Transport Services : The Limits of (De)regulation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.129
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'offre de transports ; Les limites de la (dé)réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'offre de transports : Les limites de la (dé)réglementation
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: While deregulation and privatisation in the transport sector have led to increases in productivity in general, not all reform hopes have materialised. In particular, the reform of the provision of infrastructure services has not caused the expected mobilisation of private resources, and concession relations have been less stable and less efficiency-enhancing than expected. In view of current discussions of reform results, the Round Table focused on the following issues: What are the limits for deregulation? Which are the crucial factors that necessitate regulation? What is the role of the transaction costs of regulation? What is the cost of regulation?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123461-en
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  • 52
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    Road Safety Performance : National Peer Review: Russian Federation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123362
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Safety Performance; National Peer Review; Russian Federation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Safety Performance: National Peer Review: Russian Federation
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123362-ru
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  • 53
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    Brazil's Fiscal Stance during 1995-2005 : The Effect of Indebtedness on Fiscal Policy Over the Business Cycle (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.485
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil's fiscal adjustment since the floating of the real in 1999 has been impressive, even in periods of lacklustre growth. This suggests a remarkable fiscal effort to ensure public debt sustainability. To better gauge the magnitude of this adjustment effort, this paper applies the methodology used by the OECD Secretariat to distinguish changes in the fiscal stance that are due to policy action from those that are related to the automatic stabilisers built into the tax code, the social security system and unemployment insurance. The paper's main finding is that discretionary action tends to be essentially pro-cyclical in downturns, underscoring the presence of a strong "sustainability motive" in the conduct of Brazilian fiscal policy. Spending on mandatory items, such as personnel, are pro-cyclical in upturns too, which can create a "ratcheting-up" effect on government spending over time, an issue that will have to be addressed to improve the quality of on-going fiscal adjustment. An increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio by 1 percentage point is associated with a decrease in discretionary federal spending by 0.33 percentage point during 1997-2005. This responsiveness appears to have become stronger after the floating of the real in 1999. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/brazil).
    DOI: 10.1787/857281763217
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  • 54
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    Boosting Innovation Performance in Brazil (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.532
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil's main challenge in innovation policy is to encourage the business sector to engage in productivity-enhancing innovative activities. At 1% of GDP, R&D spending (both public and private) is comparatively low by OECD standards and is carried out predominantly by the government. Most scientists work in public universities and research institutions, rather than in the business sector. Output indicators, such as the number of patents held abroad, suggest that there is much scope for improvement. Academic patenting effort is being stepped up and should be facilitated by the easing of restrictions on the transfer and sharing of proceeds of intellectual property rights between businesses and public universities and research institutions. Innovation policy is beginning to focus on the potential synergies among science and technology promotion, R&D support and trade competitiveness. To be successful in boosting business innovation, these policies will need to be complemented by measures aimed at tackling the shortage of skills in the labour force; this shortage is among the most important deterrents to innovation in Brazil, particularly against the backdrop of a widening gap in tertiary educational attainment with respect to the OECD area.
    DOI: 10.1787/357276015553
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  • 55
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    Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition (Russian version) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102107
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p)
    Edition: 3rd Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossaire des statistiques de transport 3e édition
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102107-ru
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  • 56
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    Social Security Reform in Brazil : Achievements and Remaining Challenges (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.534
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: This paper reviews the main elements of social security reform in Brazil since 1998 and discusses areas where further policy action is yet to be taken to ensure the sustainability of the social-security system over time. Outlays on pensions paid to private-sector workers have risen as a result of population ageing and the increase in the value of the minimum wage in real terms, to which the minimum pension is linked. Some features of existing social protection programmes, including means-tested old-age and disability-related benefits, reduce the incentives facing workers to seek social security coverage. At the same time, an expansion of the base of contributions to social security has been constrained by widespread labour informality. Further reform will therefore need to focus on options for containing the rise in social security spending while tackling labour informality so as to broaden the base of contributions.
    DOI: 10.1787/353362832738
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  • 57
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    The Rates and Revenue of Bank Transaction Taxes (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.494
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides cross-country empirical evidence on the productivity of bank transaction taxes (BTTs). Our data set comprises six Latin American countries that have levied BTTs since the late 1980s: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. We find that, for a given tax rate, revenue declines over time. Therefore, in order to meet a fixed revenue target in real terms, the tax rate needs to be raised repeatedly. However, we also find that successive increases in the tax rate erode the tax base by more than they raise revenue yield and that the higher the increase in the tax rate, the more and faster the tax base is eroded. We conclude that BTTs do not provide a reliable source of revenue, especially over the medium term.
    DOI: 10.1787/652416621832
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  • 58
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    Glossaire des statistiques de transport 3e édition (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102091
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p)
    Edition: 3e édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition (Russian version)
    Keywords: Verkehrsstatistik ; Güterverkehr ; EU-Staaten ; Transport ; Glossar enthalten
    Abstract: Ce glossaire a pour but d'assister les pays membres pendant la collecte de données sur le transport effectuée par la CEE-ONU, la CEMT et Eurostat au moyen du Questionnaire commun. Cette troisième édition est le résultat de la coopération entre ces trois organisations, qui, grâce à un Groupe de travail Intersecrétariat, poursuivent l'effort d'harmonisation des statistiques de transport au niveau international. En suivant l'orientation exprimée dans ces définitions, une contribution considérable sera donnée à l'amélioration de la qualité des données et de leur comparabilité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102091-fr
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  • 59
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    Transport Links between Europe and Asia (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (81 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les liaisons de transport entre l'Europe et l'Asie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Links between Europe and Asia (Russian version)
    RVK:
    QR 800
    RVK:
    QM 000
    Keywords: Transportation and state Asia ; Transportation and state Europe ; Transport ; Asia Commerce ; Europe Commerce ; Europa ; Internationaler Güterverkehr ; Landweg ; Asien ; Außenhandel ; Landverkehr ; Festland ; Containerverkehr
    Abstract: Land links between Europe and Asia can offer a viable alternative to sea transport. However, the provision of efficient land links between Europe and Asia requires appropriate policy decisions on issues such as the development of adequate infrastructure and the removal of regulatory or institutional barriers that prevent the development of efficient transport services. This publication features the recommendations approved by the Ministers and the “Report on Trends in Europe-Asia Trade and Consequences for Transport." It also includes the plan of action approved by Ministers to facilitate intermodal transport between Europe and Asia and the conclusions of a previous seminar in Kiev on “Intermodal Transport between Europe and Asia: Opportunities and Challenges”.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113813-en
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  • 60
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    Terminology on Combined Transport (English-French-German-Russian) : = Terminologie en transports combinés (Français, Anglais, Allemand, Russe) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102114
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p)
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This document lists the principal terms used in combined transport or related to it. All the definitions referring specifically to the geographical framework of Europe may be applied to other regions of the world. They are intended for the work of the three intergovernmental organizations who have created this compilation: the European Union (EU), the ECMT and the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102114-en-fr
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  • 61
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    Evoluzione dei Trasporti: 1970-2004 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113332
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends in the Transport Sector 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évolution des transports 2006
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113332-it
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  • 62
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    L' offre de transports : Les limites de la (dé)réglementation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123485
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.129
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Services; The Limits of (De)regulation
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: La déréglementation et la privatisation dans le secteur des transports ont certes entraîné, en général, des gains de productivité, mais les espoirs suscités par les réformes ne se sont pas tous matérialisés. En particulier, la réforme de la fourniture de services d’infrastructure n’a pas mobilisé des capitaux privés comme prévu. En outre, les relations contractuelles se sont révélées moins stables et leur efficience s’est moins améliorée que l’on ne s’y attendait. Dans l’optique du débat actuel sur les résultats des réformes, la table ronde était axée sur les questions suivantes : Où se situent les limites de la déréglementation ? Quels sont les facteurs cruciaux qui nécessitent une réglementation ? Quel est le rôle des coûts de transaction associés à la réglementation ? Quel est le coût de la réglementation ?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123485-fr
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  • 63
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    Améliorer l'accès aux transports publics : Principes directeurs pour le personnel des entreprises de transport (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113318
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Public Transport; Guidelines for Transport Personnel
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ces principes directeurs sont destinés à aider à la compréhension des problèmes spécifiques que rencontrent les usagers handicapés ou âgés qui utilisent les transports et à trouver des réponses adaptées à leurs besoins. Les innovations et les aménagements dont l’ensemble des modes de transport ont récemment fait l’objet ont beaucoup contribué à rendre les voyages plus faciles et plus agréables pour tous. Mais malgré ces progrès liés aux avancées de la technologie, l’attitude et le savoir-faire du conducteur, du capitaine, du pilote, etc. peuvent être déterminants, c’est-à-dire faire la différence entre un voyage où l’on se sent bien et en sécurité et un trajet qui se déroule dans l’inquiétude, le déplaisir ou la confusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113318-fr
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  • 64
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    Renforcer le transport par voies navigables : Aller de l'avant grâce à la coopération paneuropéenne (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113578
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strengthening Inland Waterway Transport; Pan-European Co-operation for Progress
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette publication contient l’ensemble des communications qui ont été présentées lors de l’atelier sur le transport par voies navigables qui s’est tenu à Paris les 22 et 23 septembre 2005. Cet atelier intitulé « Renforcer le transport par voies navigables : Aller de l’avant par la coopération paneuropéenne » avait pour objectif de préparer la Conférence ministérielle prévue à Bucarest en septembre 2006 en identifiant les progrès accomplis depuis la Conférence paneuropéenne sur le transport par voies navigables de Rotterdam en 2001. Les communications reproduites traitent notamment du développement du marché des voies navigables dans un contexte paneuropéen, des conditions de concurrence, du développement des infrastructures et de l’environnement. Une synthèse des débats de l’Atelier ainsi que les conclusions de celui-ci sont également reproduites dans cette publication. L’atelier a été organisé conjointement par la CEMT, la CEE-ONU, la Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin et la Commission du Danube.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113578-fr
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  • 65
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    Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123560
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ECMT Annual Report 2005
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette brochure décrit les activités de la CEMT au cours de l'année 2005. Elle contient le texte des principaux documents approuvés par le Conseil des Ministres des Transports à Moscou et couvre : les événements majeurs de l'année, l'évolution des transports, les activités des groupes de travail de la CEMT, et les activités du CCRT. Elle comprend également un organigramme et le répertoire du personnel.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123560-fr
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  • 66
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    Transport and International Trade (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113394
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.130
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport et commerce international
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: With the removal of many trade policy barriers, further international economic integration depends largely on the reduction of trade costs originating in the transport sector. This Round Table presents three papers focusing on the structure and development of international transport costs over the past decades and the benefits to be expected from investment in international transport facilities and the reduction of the costs of crossing borders. The papers were provided by David Hummels (Purdue University), Anthony Venables (London School of Economics and Centre for Economic Policy Research) as well as Harry Broadman and John S. Wilson (World Bank).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113394-en
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  • 67
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    Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p)
    Edition: 3rd Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossaire des statistiques de transport 3e édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition (Russian version)
    Keywords: Verkehrsstatistik ; Güterverkehr ; EU-Staaten ; Transport ; Glossar enthalten
    Abstract: This glossary aims at assisting member countries during the collection of data on transport made by the UNECE, ECMT and Eurostat through the Common Questionnaire. This third edition is the result of the valuable cooperation between the three organizations, that - through the action of the Intersecretariat Working Group - put a constant effort into meeting the need to harmonize transport statistics at the international level. By following the guidance expressed in these definitions, a considerable contribution will be given to the improvement in quality of data and their comparability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102084-en
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  • 68
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    Improving Labour Utilisation in Brazil (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.533
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Labour force participation is comparable to the OECD area for prime-age males. It is somewhat lower for females and is trending down for youths as a result of rising school enrolment. The labour market is placing an increasing premium on skills, making it particularly difficult for the less educated to find a job. Labour informality is pervasive and turnover high, especially for the less educated, discouraging investment in labour training and the acquisition of job-related skills, and perpetuating income disparities. The main policy challenge is to improve labour utilisation by reducing informality and fostering human capital accumulation on and off the job. A stable macroeconomy is a pre-condition for reducing unemployment, but a greater focus on activation within the current policy framework would be advisable. To close the remaining gender gap, female labour force participation in full-time jobs could be encouraged by increasing the supply of affordable child care and pre-school education. Labour turnover can be reduced by mitigating the incentives for negotiated separation, which currently arise from the design of severance insurance (FGTS) in the event of unfair dismissal. Skill marketability can be enhanced through the introduction of a national skills certification system, and labour training can become more cost-effective through increased contestability in existing programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/353720822276
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  • 69
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    Transport and Decentralisation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.131
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les transports et la décentralisation
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Over the past decades, many OECD countries' transport sectors have become more decentralised. This report examines whether the economic benefits and experiences of decentralisation have been positive. It finds that the answers vary according to the mode of transport, the type of decentralisation, and transport users' representation in the process of decision-making.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113431-en
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    ECMT Annual Report 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2005
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This publication describes the activities of the ECMT during 2005. It also sets out the main documents approved by Ministers in Moscow and presents: the major events of the year, the latest trends in transport, the activities of the ECMT Working groups, and JTRC activities. It includes an organigramme and staff directory.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123546-en
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  • 71
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    Inland Waterways and Environmental Protection (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voies navigables et protection de l'environnement
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: This report reviews experience in mitigating the environmental impacts of inland waterway development. It examines effective consultation and planning procedures across Europe. In particular it assesses the ways in which the EU Water Framework Directive affects the planning environment for international waterways and sets a new agenda for improving the ecological value of waterways. The report makes recommendations on good practice and identifies the Danube river basin as the critical area for improvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113479-en
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  • 72
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    Jeunes conducteurs : La voie de la sécurité (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113370
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Young Drivers; The Road to Safety
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jóvenes conductores ; El camino hacia la seguridad
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: Les accidents de la route sont, de loin, la première cause de mortalité parmi les jeunes de 15-24 ans dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ce rapport passe systématiquement en revue les caractéristiques des accidents impliquant les jeunes conducteurs ainsi que les facteurs de risque auxquels ceux-ci sont exposés : consommation de drogues et d’alcool, fatigue, aptitudes à la conduite, motivation pour la prudence au volant. Il examine aussi les mesures de prévention mises en œuvre ainsi que les innovations technologiques qui pourraient être utiles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113370-fr
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  • 73
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    Young Drivers : The Road to Safety (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jeunes conducteurs ; La voie de la sécurité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jóvenes conductores ; El camino hacia la seguridad
    DDC: 363.1257094
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: With traffic crashes being the single greatest killer of those aged 15-24 in OECD countries, this report provides an overview of the scope of the problem of young driver risk, its primary causes and concrete options to combat it. It systematically examines the specifics of young driver crashes as well as the factors behind the risk such as drugs and alcohol, fatigue, skills acquired, and motivation for safe driving. It then examines countermeasures currently employed as well as new technological innovations which might be helpful.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113356-en
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  • 74
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    Road Safety Performance : National Peer Review: Russian Federation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Safety Performance; National Peer Review; Russian Federation
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The Russian Federation has the highest road death rate of all ECMT member countries and contributes one third of all road deaths in these countries. This report finds that the problem is predominantly urban, concentrated in Russia's largest cities, and with particularly sharp increases in deaths and serious injuries experienced in the Moscow region. International experts who undertook this review confirm that substantial improvements in road safety can be achieved through concerted, sustained and evidence-based action, and they make a series of recommendations on how this can be done.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103562-en
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  • 75
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    Voies navigables et protection de l'environnement (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113493
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inland Waterways and Environmental Protection
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Ce rapport fait le point sur l’expérience acquise en matière d’atténuation des incidences de l’aménagement des voies navigables sur l’environnement. Il examine les procédures de consultation et de planification en Europe. Plus précisément, il analyse comment la directive cadre de l’UE sur l’eau influe sur le contexte dans lequel s’inscrit la planification des voies navigables internationales, et définit une nouvelle stratégie pour améliorer la qualité des cours d’eau. Enfin, il formule des recommandations concernant les bonnes pratiques et montre qu’il est essentiel d’améliorer la situation du bassin du Danube.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113493-fr
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  • 76
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    Améliorer l'accès aux transports pour tous : Guide de bonnes pratiques (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101421
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Transport Accessibility for All; Guide to Good Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Transport Accessibility for All; Guide to Good Practice (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: L’accessibilité des systèmes de transport s’est beaucoup améliorée ces dernières années. La CEMT a préparé ce Guide de bonnes pratiques en vue de faciliter cet échange d’expériences -- à la fois dans les pays où les améliorations sont déjà en cours, et dans ceux qui s’engagent sur cette voie. A travers les exemples de récentes expériences menées dans un grand nombre de pays, ce guide actualise celui que la CEMT a réalisé en 1999. Il met en relief les domaines où des progrès ont été réalisés et ceux où des défis restent à relever. L'ouvrage analyse les domaines suivants : la diffusion de l'information en général, l'amélioration de cette information pour les routes et des voies piétonnes, les infrastructures routières, les véhicules, les nouveaux services de transports, les voitures particulières et, enfin, le rôle des pouvoirs publics.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101421-fr
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  • 77
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    Strengthening Inland Waterway Transport : Pan-European Co-operation for Progress (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renforcer le transport par voies navigables ; Aller de l'avant grâce à la coopération paneuropéenne
    DDC: 656.6
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This publication is a complete collection of the papers presented at the workshop on "Pan-European Co-operation towards Strong Inland Waterway Transport: On the Move" held in Paris on 22 and 23 September 2005. The purpose of the workshop was to establish what progress had been made since the Pan-European Conference on Inland Waterways in Rotterdam in 2001 in preparation for the Bucharest Ministerial Conference, scheduled for September 2006. The papers focus essentially on the development of the inland waterway market in a pan-European context, conditions of competition, infrastructure development and the environment. A summary of the discussions at the workshop and its conclusions are also given. The workshop was jointly organised by the ECMT, UNECE, the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the Danube Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113554-en
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    Improving Transport Accessibility for All : Guide to Good Practice (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101407
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'accès aux transports pour tous ; Guide de bonnes pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Transport Accessibility for All; Guide to Good Practice (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Much has been done to improve the accessibility of transport systems in recent years. The ECMT has prepared this Guide to Good Practice in order to facilitate such an exchange of experience. It addresses both countries where improvements to accessibility are under way, and those that are just now making that commitment. With examples from recent experience in a wide range of countries, this Guide updates the ECMT’s 1999 Guide, pointing to areas where progress has been made as well as to those where challenges persist. In particular, it covers principles for provision of information generally, how to improve information regarding the road and pedestrian environment, how to improve information provided within transport infrastructure, how to improve information provided relative to transport vehicles, new and innovative transport services, and private cars, and the roles of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101407-en
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  • 79
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    Speed Management (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la vitesse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestión de velocidad
    DDC: 363.1257094
    Keywords: Automobiles Speed ; Management ; Motor vehicles Speed ; Management ; Traffic safety ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung ; Management
    Abstract: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the environment, energy consumption and quality of life, particularly for residents in urban areas. Reducing average speeds on the roads by only 5% will save around 20% of current fatalities. There is good experience available on how to quickly reduce the extent of speeding and thereby reduce current fatalities and injuries. Reduced speeding will also reduce the adverse environmental and social impacts associated with excessive speed, particularly in urban areas. Comprehensive measures are required which are best developed as part of a coordinated speed management policy package. What contributions can be made by infrastructure improvements, speed limits, signing and education, as well as by enforcement? Which are the most cost-effective elements of a speed management policy? What are the prospects for the use of new technologies which encourage drivers to choose appropriate speeds and assist in achieving greater compliance with speed limits? This Report, prepared by a Working Group of the Joint OECD/ECMT Transport Research Centre, addresses the key issues, highlights the improvements in policy and operations needed to reduce the extent of speeding. It outlines a framework for achieving the best possible safety outcomes while protecting the environment and supporting sustainable mobility. The report is compelling reading for all those interested in addressing the major speed-related problems that are widespread in OECD/ECMT member countries and will become increasingly important in developing countries as levels of motorisation increase.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103784-en
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  • 80
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    Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2004 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103487
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ECMT Annual Report 2004
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette brochure décrit les activités de la CEMT au cours de l'année 2004. Elle contient le texte des principaux documents approuvés par le Conseil des Ministres des Transports à Ljubljana et couvre : les événements majeurs de l'année, l'évolution des transports, les activités des groupes de travail de la CEMT, et les activités du CCRT. Elle comprend également un organigramme et le répertoire du personnel.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103487-fr
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  • 81
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    Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.126
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aéroports ; des plaques tournantes multimodales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This ECMT Round Table features four papers: The European Market for Airline Transportation and Multimodalism, The Role of Airports in the Transport Chain, Airport Systems and Connectivity, and Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes - The Example of London Heathrow. These papers discuss how the requirements of ensuring efficient land transport connectivity depend on the market structure of the airline industry and its impact on the airport network.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103418-en
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  • 82
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    ECMT Annual Report 2004 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2004
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This brochure describes the activities of the ECMT during 2004. It also sets out the main documents approved by Ministers in Ljubljana and presents: the major events of the year, the latest trends in transport, the activities of the ECMT Working groups, and JTRC activities. It includes an organigramme and staff directory.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103463-en
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  • 83
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    National Systems of Transport Infrastructure Planning (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.128
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes nationaux de planification des infrastructures de transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table discusses changes in national systems of transport infrastructure planning and the lessons for the further improvement of planning processes. It covers the following issues: the rationale of transport infrastructure planning and related reform needs, the decentralisation of planning institutions, reforms of planning and evaluation methods, reforms of infrastructure financing and pricing. This report contains background papers reporting on the national experiences of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123423-en
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  • 84
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    Strengthening Regulation in Chile : The Case of Network Industries (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.455
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile’s regulatory framework is working reasonably well. The country’s structural reforms since the 1980s, with the privatisation of utilities and deregulation of product and labour markets, have improved resource allocation and increased the population’s access to basic services, while calling for a comprehensive upgrading of regulatory institutions. At the same time, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are contributing to closing Chile’s infrastructure deficit, particularly in transport. The recurrent cuts in shipments of natural gas from Argentina since 2004 have put additional strain on regulation in the electricity sector to encourage investment in generation and ensure the security of supply. This paper reviews regulatory reform in three network industries (electricity, gas and telecoms), where further liberalisation, particularly in electricity retailing, and improvements in the regulation of telecoms would do much to further improve the business climate. The governance of public-private partnerships can be improved by increasing transparency and accountability in the concession process. In doing so, the government’s exposure to contingent liabilities can be contained. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/831502583012
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  • 85
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    Estimating a Fiscal Reaction Function : The Case of Debt Sustainability in Brazil (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.423
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: This paper reviews recent trends in fiscal performance in Brazil, estimates fiscal reaction functions for the consolidated public sector and different levels of government, and tests for the sustainability of the public debt dynamics. The empirical analysis, based on monthly data for the period 1995-2004, suggests that all levels of government react strongly to changes in indebtedness by adjusting their primary budget surplus targets. In addition, the central government appears to follow a spend-and-tax policy: changes in revenue are affected strongly by expenditure, with about two-thirds of changes in primary spending being offset through higher revenue over the long term. Institutions are also found to matter for fiscal sustainability. The responsiveness of sub-national fiscal stance to indebtedness, as well as that of central government revenue to changes in primary spending, appears to have strengthened after 1998, when ceilings on indebtedness were introduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/556325773018
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  • 86
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    Education Attainment in Brazil : The Experience of FUNDEF (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.424
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: For many years, Brazil lagged behind other middle-income countries in terms of school enrolment rates. But since 1998 policies have aimed at bridging this gap, in particular, with the implementation of FUNDEF, a fund for financing sub-national spending on primary and lower-secondary education. Using state- and municipality-level data during 1991-2002, this paper shows that FUNDEF played a key role in the increase in enrolment rates over the period, particularly in small municipalities, which rely more heavily on transfers from higher levels of government as a source of revenue. These findings underscore the importance of FUNDEF in eliminating supply constraints to the improvement of education attainment. Enrolment rates are now nearly universal for primary and lower-secondary education. Emphasis should therefore be placed on policies to improve the quality of services and to remove supply constraints to the expansion of enrolment in upper-secondary and tertiary education.
    DOI: 10.1787/556807485718
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  • 87
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    Performance-based Standards for the Road Sector (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des normes de performance pour le secteur routier
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines existing regulatory approaches and then explores how performance standards might be used to improve regulatory outcomes. Under a performance-based approach to regulation, standards would specify the performance required from vehicle operations rather than mandating how this level of performance is to be achieved. More flexible performance-based regulations provide for increased innovation and more rapid adoption of new technologies. The report explores the regulatory reform processes in some countries that have led to more direct, outcome-oriented approaches to regulating road transport vehicles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123386-en
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  • 88
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    Economic Evaluation of Long-Life Pavements : Phase 1 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation économique des chaussées à longue durée de vie ; Phase 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic evaluation of long-life pavements
    DDC: 388.1/1
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Straßenbau ; Baustoff ; Transport ; Straßenbaustoff ; Straßenoberbau ; Langlebigkeit ; Bewertung
    Abstract: With maintenance costs accounting for a large proportion of road budgets, this report assesses the economic and technical feasibility of innovative wearing courses for long life road pavements. While having higher initial costs, such wearing courses have the potential to dramatically reduce recurrent road maintenance requirements and user costs and could also reduce overall costs significantly, under circumstances outlined in the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008588-en
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  • 89
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    Fostering Innovation in Chile (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.454
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: A good framework for investment in innovation can contribute to increasing Chile’s growth potential. Spending on R&D is currently low in relation to GDP and heavily reliant on government financing. Innovation activity in the business sector is also limited by insufficient seed and venture capital and human capital constraints. This is despite several favourable framework conditions, including a stable macro-economy, liberal foreign trade and investment regimes, and reasonably pro-competition regulations in product markets. The government intends to increase public spending on R&D, to be financed by revenue from the mining tax introduced in May 2005, and to create a National Innovation Council. The effectiveness of these measures will depend largely on the extent to which they will boost business-financed innovation consistent with Chile’s comparative advantages. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/835465402444
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  • 90
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    Evaluation économique des chaussées à longue durée de vie : Phase 1 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008595
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Evaluation of Long-Life Pavements; Phase 1
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Les coûts d’entretien représentant une part importante des budgets routiers, ce rapport évalue la faisabilité économique et technique de couches de roulement innovantes pour des chaussées à longue durée de vie. Même avec des coûts initiaux plus élevés, ces couches de roulement pourraient contribuer à réduire considérablement les coûts d'entretien récurrents et les coûts pour l'usager, ainsi que les dépenses globales, sous certaines conditions exposées dans ce rapport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008595-fr
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  • 91
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    La sûreté du transport intermodal de conteneurs (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103340
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Container Transport Security Across Modes
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Après les attentats terroristes du 11 septembre 2001, il est devenu évident que sur le plan de la sûreté, les conteneurs maritimes eux-mêmes et les nœuds de transbordement par lesquels ils transitent vers les autres modes de transport pouvaient être vulnérables. Ce rapport décrit la complexité et l’hybridité du système de transport de conteneurs ainsi que les divers acteurs concernés. Il identifie les zones potentielles de vulnérabilité et adresse des recommandations aux autorités chargées des transports terrestres et maritimes quant aux mesures susceptibles de renforcer la sûreté des conteneurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103340-fr
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  • 92
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    Time and Transport (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.127
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le temps et les transports
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table revisits the extended literature on the valuation of passenger time and discusses the under-researched topic of the value of time in freight transport. It assesses the increased value of time in international freight transport, given the trend towards globalisation. In particular, urban planners are concerned that an overvaluation of passenger time could give rise to excessive urban infrastructure investment which would induce low-density development of cities and urban sprawl. Transport policy measures that increase the speed and reliability of freight transport not only reduce its direct costs but have strong effects on inventory policies, logistics and even the location of firms. As recent empirical studies show, variations in time requirements for international transport, and increasingly short product and fashion cycles, have an influence on the pattern of foreign direct investment and international trade flows. Rational transport policy decision making has to take account of these indirect effects.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123294-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 93
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    Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103425
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.126
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books ; Europäische Union ; Flughafen ; Verkehrsknotenpunkt ; Luftfrachtverkehr ; Umschlag ; Hub-and-Spoke-System
    Abstract: Cette table ronde de la CEMT se compose de quatre articles : « Le marché européen du transport aérien et la multimodalité », « Le rôle des aéroports dans la chaîne de transport », « Systèmes aéroportuaires et connectivité », et « Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales – l’exemple de Heathrow, Londres ». Ces articles examinent comment les infrastructures de transport terrestre nécessaires pour que les aéroports offrent une connectivité multimodale efficace sont tributaires de la structure du marché du transport aérien et de son impact sur le réseau aéroportuaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103425-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 94
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    Container Transport Security Across Modes (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La sûreté du transport intermodal de conteneurs
    DDC: 387.5442
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: After the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, it became apparent that maritime shipping containers themselves and their links with other modes represent potential security vulnerabilities. This report describes the complex, hybrid container transport system and the variety of actors involved. It then identifies potential areas of security weakness and provides recommendations for inland transport and maritime authorities to improve container security.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103333-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
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    Railway Reform and Charges for the Use of Infrastructure (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme ferroviaire et tarification de l'usage des infrastructures
    DDC: 385
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Over the last few years, much progress has been made in developing rail charges to ensure non-discriminatory access to, and efficient use of national rail networks. But in Europe the international dimension is still missing, particularly in terms of the freight market. Integration of European markets should provide great opportunities for rail freight transport to grow. This report shows how barriers to this growth – arising from differences in the way trains pay to use national networks – can be overcome. It recommends moving to a set of simple charges for freight that create similar incentives for the management and planning of train operations across national borders.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103524-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
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    Réforme ferroviaire et tarification de l'usage des infrastructures (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103548
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Railway Reform and Charges for the Use of Infrastructure
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: D’importants progrès ont été réalisés ces dernières années dans l’élaboration de redevances ferroviaires au niveau national. Des redevances ont été mises en place pour assurer un accès non discriminatoire aux réseaux de chemin de fer et favoriser l’utilisation efficace de ces réseaux. Il y manque toutefois en Europe la dimension internationale, en particulier pour le marché du fret. L’intégration des marchés européens devrait ouvrir des perspectives de croissance très prometteuses au transport ferroviaire de marchandises.L’objet de ce rapport est de faire le point sur les moyens de surmonter les obstacles à cette croissance, lesquels découlent des disparités qui existent dans les redevances payées par les opérateurs pour utiliser les réseaux ferroviaires nationaux. Ce rapport recommande de mettre en œuvre un barème de redevances simples pour le transport de marchandises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103548-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Making Cars More Fuel Efficient : Technology for Real Improvements on the Road (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 629.25/3
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energy ; Transport
    Abstract: Studies show that cars use significantly more fuel per kilometre than suggested by official test ratings. This publication presents an analysis of the fuel efficiency gap and examines technologies available that could reduce that gap and improve fuel economy. It examines such areas as engine and transmission technologies, hybrid technologies, tyre inflation and technology, lubricants, and fuel-saving driver support devices. Together, these technologies could improve average on-road fuel economy by 10% or more at low or modest cost. Policies that could be used to encourage uptake of these technologies are also identified.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103449-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 98
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    Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123188
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ECMT Annual Report 2003
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2003 fournit des renseignements complémentaires sur les nombreuses activités modales et horizontales par lesquelles la CEMT s’efforce d’améliorer, au plan international, la réflexion sur les politiques de transport et leur formulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123188-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 99
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    Online Resource
    Fifty Years of Transport Policy (Russian version) : Successes, Failures and New Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113103
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy; Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports ; Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy: Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports : Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113103-ru
    URL: Volltext
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia (Russian version) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123140
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123140-ru
    URL: Volltext
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