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  • 2025-2025  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (761)
  • 1940-1944
  • World Bank  (662)
  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 198 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg s.l.
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive 041181-4
    DDC: 305.42/0956
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women / Africa, North ; Sex discrimination against women / Middle East ; Sex role / Africa, North ; Sex role / Middle East ; Women in development / Africa, North ; Women in development / Middle East
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-191) and index
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282113172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables; la mise en oeuvre des politiques ; Examens nationaux par les pairs ; Hongrie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables: la mise en oeuvre des politiques : Examens nationaux par les pairs : Hongrie
    Keywords: Transport ; Hungary ; Ungarn ; Stadtverkehr ; Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This book provides an analysis of the challenges Hungary is facing in its urban travel systems and an examination of policy and decision-making structures that are framing the implementation of urban travel policies in Hungary. It also proposes ways in which progress towards more sustainable urban travel can be achieved. The report finds that Hungary has increasingly crowded urban roads and rising car ownership and use. Hungary's cities are wrestling with how to maintain a highly favourable modal share for their well-developed public transport systems, while saddled with the financial burden of ageing rolling stock and infrastructure. Unabated commercial and retail development in the periphery of cities with little access to public transport is further increasing demand for car travel.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2003
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This ECMT Annual Report 2003 provides information on the different modal and horizontal activities where ECMT tries to make a contribution to improving international policy reflection and formulation.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789282123201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Transport ; Lithuania
    Abstract: The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) has adopted a new approach to strengthening its work on road safety. It is now working to contribute more effectively to the debate on the improvement of road safety policies by conducting peer reviews of the measures and policies enacted by member countries. Lithuania is the first country to undertake this type of review in the safety field. This review, carried out by experts from Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden and the ECMT Secretariat, is an effective way for Lithuania to openly examine its policies and practices through detailed expert comment, discussion and insight on its activities. The peer review process is used extensively within the OECD and its affiliated organisations, always originating at the request of the country being reviewed. Apart from providing an open appraisal of national policies, the review process should help relevant Ministries obtain needed resources and implement effective policies and practice.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 082135616X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 162 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Poor Congresses Developing countries ; Poverty Congresses Developing countries ; Public-private sector cooperation Congresses ; Poor Congresses Developing countries ; Poverty Congresses Developing countries ; Public-private sector cooperation Congresses ; Poor ; Poverty ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Congresses Social policy ; Developing countries Congresses Social policy
    Note: "The articles in this volume were presented at the fifth annual Berlin Workshop, held in July 2002"--P. 1 , Introduction , Making service work for poor people: a scholar's perspective , Why is a World Development Report on making services work for poor people needed? , Poverty in Russia , The role of altruistically motivated organizations in making services work for poor people ; The experience of the private not-for-profit health sector in Uganda , Basic services: a basic right , The Madrasa Early Childhood Programme in East Africa , The role of the private sector ; Evidence from a study of vouchers for private schooling in Colombia , The rural private practicioner , The role of local governments ; Delivering infrastructure: a strategic framework , Employment of farmers and poverty alleviation in China , Incentives and innovations ; Getting health services to the poor: incentives, efficiency, and health system performance , Bolivia's plan for achieving education for all goals , Rushing to help the poor through participation many be self-defeating , Modes of financing ; Tanzania's experience with education , How aid modalities influence the effectiveness of public expenditures in developing countries: a bilateral donor perspective , Financing development , Conclusion: making services work for poor people
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357298 , 9780821357293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (416 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators, the World Bank's respected statistical publication presents the most current and accurate information on global development on both a national level and aggregated globally. This information allows readers to monitor the progress made toward meeting the goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations in September 2001 in their Millennium Development Goals. The 400-page print edition of World Development Indicators 2004 allows you to consult over 80 tables and over 800 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups, as well as basic indicators for a further 55 economies. There are key indicators for the latest year available, important regional data, and income group analysis. The report contains six thematic presentations of analytical commentary covering: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. The CD-ROM editions contain 40 years of time series data for more than 200 countries from 1960-2002, single-year observations, and spreadsheets on many topics. It contains more than 1,000 country tables and the text from the World Development Indicators 2004 print edition and the World Bank Atlas 2003. The Windows® based format permits users to search for and retrieve data in spreadsheet form, create maps and charts, and fully download them into other popular software programs for study or presentation purposes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 80 p) , ill , 26 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.75
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Sustainable development ; Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357336 , 9780821357330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Now in its 6th edition, The Little Data Book 2004 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key development data for 206 countries. Profiles of each country include 54 key development indicators like: Population and population growth; GNI, GDP, GDP growth, Exports and Imports, and Gross Capital Formation; Deforestation, Water Use, Energy Use and Electricity Use per Capita; Life Expectancy, Fertility Rate, Child Malnutrition, Prevalence of HIV, Girls in Primary School; Paved Roads, Aircraft Departures, Personal Computers; High-technology exports, Foreign Direct Investment, Present Value of Debt, and Aid per Capita. Drawing on data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2004, The Little Data Book provides quick reference to the latest available data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000. Separate tables summarize data for the World, by Region (East Asia and Pacific, Middle East and Africa, etc.), and Income Group. A helpful Glossary of Terms defines each indicator
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0821350706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 306 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank policy research report
    DDC: 363.6
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities Government policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities Government policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-306)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821358294 , 9780821358290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of these Guidelines is to inform those carrying out a project that is financed in whole or in part by loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or a credit or grant from the International Development Association (IDA), of the policies that govern the procurement of goods, works, and services (other than consultant services) reqired for the project
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359002
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 76 p) , ill , 26 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no.40
    DDC: 333.793/2/0947
    Keywords: Electric utilities ; Electric utilities ; Electric utilities ; Electric utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821356828 , 9780821356821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (288 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359711 , 9780821359716
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (128 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: Contents of Volume 2: Letter of Transmittal, Management's Discussion and Analysis, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Financial Statements and Internal Control Reports, and Special Purpose Financial Statements and Internal Control Reports of the International Development Association
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357476 , 9780821357477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (172 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The proliferation of regional trade agreements is fundamentally altering the world trade landscape. The number of agreements in force surpasses 200 and has risen eight-fold in two decades. Today as much as 40 percent of global trade takes place among countries that have some form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism, and Development addresses two questions: What are the characteristics of agreements that most promote-or hinder-development for member countries? Does the proliferation of agreements pose risks to the multilateral trading system, and if so, how can these risks be managed? The report argues that agreements leading to open regionalism-that is, deeper integration of trade as a result of low external tariffs, increased services competition, and efforts to reduce cross-border and customs delays costs-are effective as part of a larger trade strategy to promote growth. Such regional agreements can complement a strategy that, on the one hand, includes autonomous liberalization to promote productivity gains and, on the other hand, leverages domestic reforms to enhance market access. Although regional agreements can prove beneficial to member countries, they can have adverse effects on excluded countries. Lowering of border barriers around the world is crucial to minimizing these effects. The completion of the Doha Development Agenda by all countries in the World Trade Organization will reduce the risk of trade diversion associated with regional agreements and will decrease trade losses of countries excluded from agreements
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3193
    Parallel Title: Konan, Denise Eby Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country
    Keywords: Free trade ; Service industries Privatization ; Service industries ; Free trade ; Service industries Privatization ; Service industries
    Note: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 20, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3241
    Parallel Title: Wang, Limin Environmental determinants of child mortality in rural China
    Keywords: Children Mortality ; Rural development ; Children Mortality ; Rural development
    Note: "March 11, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 12, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3252
    Parallel Title: Clark, Ximena Explaining U.S. immigration, 1971-98
    Keywords: United States Mathematical models Emigration and immigration ; United States Mathematical models Emigration and immigration
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 19, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3255
    Parallel Title: Bolaky, Bineswaree Trade, regulations, and growth
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Trade regulation ; Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Trade regulation
    Note: "March 24, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3256
    Parallel Title: Oostendorp, R. H Globalization and the gender wage gap
    Keywords: Globalization ; International trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Sex discrimination against women ; Wage differentials ; Globalization ; International trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Sex discrimination against women ; Wage differentials
    Note: "March 24, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3259
    Parallel Title: Verner, Dorte The dynamics of poverty and its determinants
    Keywords: Poor Case studies ; Poor Case studies
    Note: "March 26, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 29, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3260
    Parallel Title: Paxson, Christina H Child health and the 1988-92 economic crisis in Peru
    Keywords: Children Health and hygiene ; Infants Mortality ; Children Health and hygiene ; Infants Mortality ; Peru Economic conditions 1968- ; Peru Economic conditions 1968-
    Note: "March 30, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 30, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3264
    Parallel Title: Ayyagari, Meghana Does cross-listing lead to functional convergence?
    Keywords: Corporations, Foreign ; Corporations, Foreign
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3267
    Parallel Title: Available in another form The economics of regional poverty-environment programs
    Keywords: Environmental policy ; Poverty ; Environmental policy ; Poverty
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3271
    Parallel Title: Considine, Timothy The environment as a factor of production
    Keywords: Electric utilities Environmental aspects ; Emissions trading ; Factors of production ; Electric utilities Environmental aspects ; Emissions trading ; Factors of production
    Note: "April 8, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3272
    Parallel Title: Hoon, Hian Teck Trade, capital accumulation, and structural unemployment
    Keywords: Singapore Economic conditions ; Singapore Economic conditions
    Note: "April 8, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3275
    Parallel Title: Javorcik, Beata K. Smarzynska Do foreign investors care about labor market regulations?
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Labor laws and legislation ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor laws and legislation
    Note: "April 12, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3278
    Parallel Title: Lester, Rodney Rapid onset natural disasters
    Keywords: Natural disasters Economic aspects ; Risk management ; Natural disasters Economic aspects ; Risk management
    Note: "April 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3280
    Parallel Title: Das, Jishnu Conditional cash transfers and the equity-efficiency debate
    Keywords: Human capital ; Transfer payments ; Human capital ; Transfer payments
    Note: "April 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3289
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de How does the impact of an HIV/AIDS information campaign vary with educational attainment?
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Academic achievement ; Educational attainment ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Academic achievement ; Educational attainment
    Note: "April 22, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3304
    Parallel Title: Chen, Derek Hung Chiat The rmsm-x+p
    Keywords: Poverty Econometric models ; Poverty Econometric models
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3297
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Unemployment-poverty trade-offs
    Keywords: Poverty ; Unemployment ; Poverty ; Unemployment
    Note: "May 6, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 10, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3322
    Parallel Title: Serven, Luis Tango with the gringo
    Keywords: Foreign exchange administration ; Foreign exchange administration
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3325
    Parallel Title: Wane, Waly The quality of foreign aid
    Keywords: Economic assistance Evaluation ; Economic assistance Evaluation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3326
    Parallel Title: Subbarao, K Toward an understanding of household vulnerability in rural Kenya
    Keywords: Households ; Rural poor ; Households ; Rural poor ; Kenya Rural conditions ; Kenya Rural conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3328
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3187
    Parallel Title: Barr, Abigail To serve the community or oneself
    Keywords: Embezzlement ; Political corruption ; Public service employment ; Embezzlement ; Political corruption ; Public service employment
    Note: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3191
    Parallel Title: Paternostro, Stefano Robustness of subjective welfare analysis in a poor developing country
    Keywords: Poverty ; Welfare economics ; Poverty ; Welfare economics
    Note: "January 15, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3195
    Parallel Title: Evenett, Simon J Government procurement
    Keywords: Free trade ; Government purchasing ; International trade ; Tariff ; Free trade ; Government purchasing ; International trade ; Tariff
    Note: "January 23, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3236
    Parallel Title: Lopez Acevedo, Gladys Professional development and incentives for teacher performance in schools in Mexico
    Keywords: Prediction of scholastic success ; Teachers ; Prediction of scholastic success ; Teachers
    Note: "March 3, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 5, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3240
    Parallel Title: Campante, Filipe R Inefficient lobbying, populism, and oligarchy
    Keywords: Lobbying ; Oligarchy ; Populism ; Pressure groups ; Lobbying ; Oligarchy ; Populism ; Pressure groups
    Note: "March 11, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 12, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3244
    Parallel Title: ozden, çaglar Price effects of preferential market access
    Keywords: Caribbean Basin Initiative, 1983- ; Caribbean Basin Initiative, 1983- ; Clothing trade ; Clothing trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Clothing trade ; Clothing trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Reciprocity (Commerce)
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3258
    Parallel Title: Castagnini, Raffaella Comparing land reform and land markets in Colombia
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Land reform ; Rural development ; Income distribution ; Land reform ; Rural development
    Note: "March 26, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 29, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3262
    Parallel Title: Brenton, Paul The initial and potential impact of preferential access to the U.S. market under the African growth and opportunity act
    Keywords: Foreign trade regulation ; Tariff Law and legislation ; Foreign trade regulation ; Tariff Law and legislation ; Africa Commerce ; United States Commerce ; Africa Commerce ; United States Commerce
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3269
    Parallel Title: Available in another form How has environment mattered?
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Environmental policy ; Environmental policy
    Note: "April 8, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3365
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Private provision of rural infrastructure services
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Developing countries Rural conditions ; Developing countries Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Market-oriented reforms of infrastructure in developing countries tend to focus primarily on commercially viable services in urban areas. Nevertheless, an increasing number of countries are beginning to experiment with extending the market paradigm to infrastructure services in rural areas that are often less attractive in commercial terms. In these cases, subsidies are used to close the gap between market requirements and development needs, and are increasingly determined and allocated on a competitive basis. The authors discuss the conditions under which competition among firms for such subsidies successfully used in the telecommunications sector in a number of middle-income countries could also be applied to electricity, water and sanitation, and transportation services in lower-income countries. This paper is a product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3277
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus W Does greater accountability improve the quality of delivery of public services?
    Keywords: Corruption ; Corruption
    Note: "April 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3285
    Parallel Title: Chen, Derek Hung Chiat Gender equality and economic development
    Keywords: Economic development ; Information technology Social aspects ; Telecommunication Social aspects ; Women in development ; Women's rights ; Economic development ; Information technology Social aspects ; Telecommunication Social aspects ; Women in development ; Women's rights
    Note: "April 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3374
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Is debt replacing equity in regulated privatized infrastructure in developing countries?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies ; Privatization Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Developing countries ; Case studies ; Privatization Developing countries ; Case studies
    Abstract: "Da Silva, Estache, and Jarvela describe the evolution of the financing structure of regulated privatized utilities and transport companies. To do so, they rely on a sample of 121 utilities distributed over 16 countries, and 23 transport infrastructure operators and 23 transport services operators distributed over 23 countries. The authors show that leverage rates vary significantly across sectors, with the highest rates observed in transport and the lowest in water. Moreover, they also show that the 1997 Asia crisis led operators to adjust their financial structure differently in different regions. Overall, the evidence they present shows that debt is replacing equity in financing the investment needs of utilities and transport services in developing countries. These results raise some questions as to whether the regulator's mandate should be expanded to monitor the financial structure of companies and as to whether the international community should make a stronger commitment to more transparent regulatory accounting systems. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Abstract: "Da Silva, Estache, and Jarvela describe the evolution of the financing structure of regulated privatized utilities and transport companies. To do so, they rely on a sample of 121 utilities distributed over 16 countries, and 23 transport infrastructure operators and 23 transport services operators distributed over 23 countries. The authors show that leverage rates vary significantly across sectors, with the highest rates observed in transport and the lowest in water. Moreover, they also show that the 1997 Asia crisis led operators to adjust their financial structure differently in different regions. Overall, the evidence they present shows that debt is replacing equity in financing the investment needs of utilities and transport services in developing countries. These results raise some questions as to whether the regulator's mandate should be expanded to monitor the financial structure of companies and as to whether the international community should make a stronger commitment to more transparent regulatory accounting systems. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3295
    Parallel Title: Cunningham, Wendy V The home as factory floor
    Keywords: Home labor ; Home labor
    Note: "May 6, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 10, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3299
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David The increasing selectivity of foreign aid, 1984-2002
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Economic assistance
    Note: "May 6, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 7, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3303
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Can the distributional impacts of macroeconomic shocks be predicted?
    Keywords: Financial crises Econometric models ; Income distribution Econometric models ; Financial crises Econometric models ; Income distribution Econometric models ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Econometric models ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Econometric models
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3377
    Parallel Title: Klingebiel, Daniela Resolving systemic financial crises
    Keywords: Banks and banking Case studies ; Financial crises Case studies ; Banks and banking Case studies ; Financial crises Case studies
    Abstract: "Claessens, Klingebiel, and Laeven analyze the role of institutions in resolving systemic banking crises for a broad sample of countries. Banking crises are fiscally costly, especially when policies like substantial liquidity support, explicit government guarantees on financial institutions' liabilities, and forbearance from prudential regulations are used. Higher fiscal outlays do not, however, accelerate the recovery from a crisis. Better institutions--less corruption, improved law and order, legal system, and bureaucracy--do. The authors find these results to be relatively robust to estimation techniques, including controlling for the effects of a poor institutional environment on the likelihood of financial crisis and the size of fiscal costs. Their results suggest that countries should use strict policies to resolve a crisis and use the crisis as an opportunity to implement medium-term structural reforms, which will also help avoid future systemic crises. This paper--a product of the Financial Sector Operations and Policy Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to study financial crisis resolution"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3381
    Parallel Title: Docquier, Frédéric Measuring the international mobility of skilled workers (1990-2000)
    Keywords: Labor mobility ; Skilled labor ; Labor mobility ; Skilled labor
    Abstract: "Until recently, there has been no systematic empirical assessment of the economic impact of the brain drain. Despite many case studies and anecdotal evidence, the main reason for this seems to be the lack of harmonized international data on migration by country of origin and education level. An exception is the paper by Carrington and Detragiache (1998), which provided skilled migration rates for 61 developing countries in 1990. This study relies on a set of tentative assumptions. For example, they transpose the skill structure of U.S. immigrants on the OECD total immigration stock. In this paper, Docquier and Marfouk provide new estimates of skilled workers' emigration rates for about 190 countries in 2000 and 170 countries in 1990, in both developing and industrial countries. Using various statistical sources, they revisit Carrington and Detragiache's measures by incorporating information on immigrants' educational attainment and country of origin from almost all OECD countries. The set of receiving countries is restricted to OECD nations. The authors' database covers 92.7 percent of the OECD immigration stock. In absolute terms, the authors show that the largest numbers of highly educated migrants are from Europe, Southern and Eastern Asia, and, to a lesser extent, from Central America. Nevertheless, as a proportion of the potential educated labor force, the highest brain drain rates are observed in the Caribbean, Central America, and Western and Eastern Africa. Repeating the exercise for 1990 and 2000 allows the authors to evaluate the changes in brain drain intensity. Western Africa, Eastern Africa, and Central America experienced a remarkable increase in the brain drain during the past decade. The database delivers information that is rich enough to assess the changes in the international distribution of migration rates, to test for the (push and pull) determinants per skill group, to evaluate the growth effects of migration on source and destination countries, and to estimate the relationships between migration, trade, foreign research and development, and remittances. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to measure the extent of the brain drain as part of the International Migration and Development Program"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3382
    Parallel Title: Docquier, Frédéric Skilled migration
    Keywords: Labor mobility ; Skilled labor ; Labor mobility ; Skilled labor
    Abstract: "Docquier and Rapoport focus on the consequences of skilled migration for developing countries. They first present new evidence on the magnitude of migration of skilled workers at the international level and then discuss its direct and indirect effects on human capital formation in developing countries in a unified stylized model. Finally they turn to policy implications, with emphasis on migration and education policy in a context of globalized labor markets. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to measure and understand the implication of the brain drain as part of the International Migration and Development Program"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3386
    Parallel Title: Buddelmeyer, Hielke An evaluation of the performance of regression discontinuity design on progresa
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poverty ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poverty
    Abstract: "While providing the most reliable method of evaluating social programs, randomized experiments in industrial and developing countries alike are accompanied by political risks and ethical issues that jeopardize the chances of adopting them. Buddelmeyer and Skoufias use a unique data set from rural Mexico collected for the purpose of evaluating the impact of the PROGRESA poverty alleviation program to examine the performance of a quasi-experimental estimator, the regression discontinuity design (RDD). Using as a benchmark the impact estimates based on the experimental nature of the sample, the authors examine how estimates differ when the RDD is used as the estimator for evaluating program impact on two key indicators--child school attendance and child work. Overall the performance of the RDD was remarkably good. The RDD estimates of program impact agreed with the experimental estimates in 10 out of the 12 possible cases. The two cases in which the RDD failed to reveal any significant program impact on school attendance of boys and girls were in the first year of the program (round 3). RDD estimates comparable to the experimental estimates were obtained when the authors used as a comparison group children from noneligible households in the control localities. This paper--a product of the Poverty and Gender Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to develop and apply rigorous methods in the evaluation of poverty alleviation programs"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3393
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Indoor air quality for poor families
    Keywords: Indoor air pollution ; Poor ; Ventilation ; Indoor air pollution ; Poor ; Ventilation
    Abstract: "Indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking and heating is estimated to kill a million children annually in developing countries. To promote a better understanding of IAP, the authors investigate the determinants of IAP in Bangladesh using the latest air monitoring technology and a national household survey. The study concludes that IAP is dangerously high for many poor families in Bangladesh. Concentrations of respirable airborne particulates(PM10) 300 ug/m3 or greater are common in the sample, implying widespread exposure to a serious health hazard. Poor households in Bangladesh depend heavily on wood, dung, and other biomass fuels. The econometric results indicate that fuel choice significantly affects indoor pollution levels: Natural gas and kerosene are significantly cleaner than biomass fuels. However, household-specific factors apparently matter more than fuel choice in determining PM10 concentrations. In some biomass-burning households, concentrations are scarcely higher than in households that use natural gas. The results suggest that cross-household variation is strongly affected by structural arrangements cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices. The authors' analysis also suggests that poor families may not have to wait for clean fuels or clean stoves to enjoy significantly cleaner air. Within their sample household population, some arrangements are already producing relatively clean conditions, even when "dirty" biomass fuels are used. Since these arrangements are already within the means of poor families, the scope for cost-effective improvements may be larger than is commonly believed. This paper--a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to identify appropriate policies for the improvement of environmental quality"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3343
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Linking representative household models with household surveys for poverty analysis
    Keywords: Poverty Econometric models ; Poverty Econometric models
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/21/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3348
    Parallel Title: Henson, Spencer Standards and agro-food exports from developing countries
    Keywords: Food Safety regulations ; Food industry and trade Safety measures ; Food Safety regulations ; Food industry and trade Safety measures
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/2/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3351
    Parallel Title: Hoff, Karla Ruth Belief systems and durable inequalities
    Keywords: Caste ; Discrimination ; Caste ; Discrimination
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/2/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3355
    Parallel Title: Micco, Alejandro Infrastructure, competition regimes, and air transport costs
    Keywords: Aeronautics, Commercial Costs ; Aeronautics, Commercial Costs
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3359
    Parallel Title: Wang, Zhi A flexible modeling framework to estimate interregional trade patterns and input-output accounts
    Keywords: Input-output tables ; Regional economic disparities Mathematical models ; Input-output tables ; Regional economic disparities Mathematical models
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3364
    Parallel Title: Caprio, Gerard Can the unsophisticated market provide discipline?
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Privatization ; Banks and banking ; Privatization
    Abstract: "Caprio and Honohan question the widespread belief that market discipline on banks cannot be effective in less developed financial environments. There is no systematic tendency for low-income countries to lack the prerequisites for market discipline. Offsetting factors to the weaker market and formal information infrastructures are (1) the less complex character of banking business in low-income countries; (2) the growing internationalization of these markets through the presence of foreign banks, and through international trading of the debt and equity of locally-controlled nongovernment banks; and (3) the smaller size of the business and financial community. However, continuing dominance by public sector banks in some countries limits the likely development of market monitoring, which is clearly a cause for concern, given the disappointing record of governments around the world as monitors of their self-owned banks. Countries should build on this potential for market discipline by limiting the role of explicit deposit guarantees, reducing state ownership of banks where it is prevalent, and not putting all their eggs in the supervisory basket. Greater disclosure, for example, of how risk taking is rewarded and how rating agencies earn their fees would support the development of better market monitoring. Enhancing market discipline (pillar three) is much more likely to be of use in most developing countries than addressing the refinements of the risk-weighting system of Basel II's first pillar. This paper - a joint product of the Financial Sector Operations and Policy Department and the Finance Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to provide research on what works to strengthen countries' financial systems"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3368
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Gainers and losers from trade reform in Morocco
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade
    Abstract: "Ravallion and Lokshin use Morocco's national survey of living standards to measure the short-term welfare impacts of prior estimates of the price changes attributed to various trade policy reforms for cereals - the country's main foodstaple. They find small impacts on mean consumption and inequality in the aggregate. There are both gainers and losers and (contrary to past claims) the rural poor are worse off on average after trade policy reforms. The authors decompose the aggregate impact on inequality into a vertical component (between people at different pre-reform welfare levels) and a horizontal component (between people at the same pre-reform welfare level). There is a large horizontal component which dominates the vertical impact of full de-protection. The diverse impacts reflect a degree of observable heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with implications for social protection policies. This paper -a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the distributional impact of economywide policy reforms"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3372
    Parallel Title: Glaessner, Thomas C Two case studies on electronic distribution of government securities
    Keywords: Government securities Data processing ; Government securities Data processing ; Treasury Direct (Computer system) ; Treasury bills Purchasing ; Data processing ; Government securities Data processing ; Government securities Data processing ; Treasury Direct (Computer system) ; Treasury bills Purchasing ; Data processing
    Abstract: "The case study on the U.S. TreasuryDirect examines the evolution of the electronic distribution systems for marketable and nonmarketable government securities, the main objectives, and the basic legal infrastructure and the preconditions enabling the system. The U.S. experience highlights that the enabling environment and infrastructure (for example, in terms of information databases such as Pay.Gov) make a large difference in terms of both the security and convenience that customers can expect in the use of the system. The system also achieved important cost savings for the Bureau of the Public Debt. The case study on the Small Investors Program of the Philippines looks at a program that the Philippine government has been experimenting with to sell its securities directly to retail investors over the Internet. The recently revised version of the program called the Expanded Small Investors Program aims to increase access to government securities and distribute them more widely, develop better savings products, and enhance competition in the primary markets for these securities. Glaessner and Kantur analyze whether the programs main goals can be achieved while mitigating the risks. Their analysis suggests that there are good reasons to believe that the new program will succeed. Still, regular and responsive assessments and adjustments will be required as the program moves forward. This paper a product of the Financial Sector Operations and Policy Department is part of a larger effort in the department to provide public goods coming out of the debt management and debt market development program and capital markets practice"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/12/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3376
    Parallel Title: Domaç, Ilker What triggers inflation in emerging market economies?
    Keywords: Inflation (Finance) ; Inflation (Finance)
    Abstract: "Emerging market economies (EMEs) have experienced a noticeable decline in inflation since the mid-1990s. Whether this stable price environment in EMEs is likely to endure and what kind of policies need to be followed to ensure price stability, however, still continue to be questions of considerable policy relevance. Domaç, and Yucel investigate the factors associated with the start of 24 inflation episodes in 15 EMEs between 1980 and 2001. They use pooled probit analysis to estimate the contribution of the key factors to inflation starts. Their empirical results suggest that increases in the output gap, agricultural shocks, and expansionary fiscal policy raise the probability of inflation starts in EMEs. Their findings also indicate that a more democratic environment and an increase in capital flows relative to GDP reduce the probability of inflation starts. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to enhance knowledge on the inflationary process and its policy implications"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3380
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Genetically modified rice adoption
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic Case studies ; Genetically modified foods Case studies ; Rice Case studies ; Economic assistance, Domestic Case studies ; Genetically modified foods Case studies ; Rice Case studies
    Abstract: "The first generation of genetically modified (GM) crop varieties sought to increase producer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields, while the next generation of GM food research is focusing on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers. "Golden rice" has been genetically engineered to contain a higher level of vitamin A and thereby boost the health of poor people in developing countries. Anderson, Jackson, and Nielsen analyze the potential economic effects of adopting both types of innovation in Asia, including its impact on rice producers and other consumers. They do so using the global economywide computable general equilibrium model known as GTAP. The results suggest that farm productivity gains could be dwarfed by the welfare gains resulting from the potential health-enhancing attributes of golden rice which would boost the productivity of unskilled workers among Asia's poor. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the global economic effects of agricultural biotechnology policies"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3384
    Parallel Title: Pradhan, Menno Local conflict in Indonesia
    Keywords: Social conflict ; Social conflict ; Indonesia Economic conditions 1997- ; Regional disparities ; Indonesia Economic conditions 1997- ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "The widespread presence of local conflict characterizes many developing countries such as Indonesia. Outbreaks of violent conflict not only have direct costs for lives, livelihoods, and material property, but may also have the potential to escalate further. Recent studies on large-scale "headline" conflicts have tended to exclude the systematic consideration of local conflict, in large part due to the absence of representative data at low levels of geographic specification. This paper is a first attempt to correct for that. Barron, Kaiser, and Pradhan evaluate a unique dataset compiled by the Indonesian government, the periodic Village Potential Statistics (PODES), which seeks to map conflict across all of Indonesia's 69,000 villages/neighborhoods. The data confirm that conflict is prevalent beyond well-publicized "conflict regions," and that it can be observed across the archipelago. The data report largely violent conflict in 7.1 percent of Indonesia's lowest administrative tier (rural desa and urban kelurahan). Integrating examples from qualitative fieldwork, the authors assess issues in the measurement of local conflict for quantitative analysis, and adopt an empirical framework to examine potential associations with poverty, inequality, shocks, ethnic and religious diversity/inequality, and community-level associational and security arrangements. The quantitative analysis shows positive correlations between local conflict and unemployment, inequality, natural disasters, changes in sources of incomes, and clustering of ethnic groups within villages. The institutional variables indicate that the presence of places of worship is associated with less conflict, while the presence of religious groups and traditional culture (adat) institutions are associated with conflict. The authors conclude by suggesting future areas of research, notably on the role of group inequality and inference, and suggest ways to improve the measurement of conflict in the village census. This paper--a product of the Public Sector Governance Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to evaluate decentralized/local governance and service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3388
    Parallel Title: Pelizzo, Riccardo Tools for legislative oversight
    Keywords: Finance, Public ; Legislative oversight ; Representative government and representation ; Finance, Public ; Legislative oversight ; Representative government and representation
    Abstract: "Parliaments are the institutions through which governments are held accountable to the electorate. They have a wide range of tools with which to carry out this oversight function, but until recently little analysis had been undertaken on the characteristics or use of such tools. Pelizzo and Stapenhurst use data for 83 countries that was collected in 2001 to investigate whether the oversight potential relates to three variables, namely the form of government (presidential, semi-presidential, or parliamentary), per capita income levels, and the level of democracy. The authors find that oversight potential is greatly affected by the form of government, per capita income levels, and levels of democracy. Countries with parliamentary forms of government, higher income levels, and which are more democratic have a greater number of oversight tools and greater oversight potential. While the oversight potential follows this general trend, the use of committees of enquiry, interpellations, and ombudsman offices follows a different pattern. The use of interpellations as an oversight tool is most common in high-income countries, less common in low-income countries, and least common in middle-income countries, while the presence of committees of enquiry and ombudsman offices is most common in middle-income countries, less common in high-income countries, and least common in low-income countries. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute--is part of a larger effort in the institute to strengthen parliamentary oversight of public finance in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3391
    Parallel Title: Jensen, Jesper The impact of liberalizing barriers to foreign direct investment in services
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Free trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Free trade ; Investments, Foreign
    Abstract: "Jensen, Rutherford, and Tarr use a computable general equilibrium model of the Russian economy to assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), which encompasses improved market access, tariff reduction, and reduction of barriers against multinational service providers. They assume that foreign direct investment in business services is necessary for multinationals to compete well with Russian business service providers, but cross-border service provision is also present. The model incorporates productivity effects in both goods and services markets endogenously through a Dixit-Stiglitz framework. As a result, the estimated gains from WTO accession are much larger than would be obtained from a typical model with perfect competition. The ad valorem equivalent of barriers to foreign direct investment have been estimated based on detailed questionnaires completed by specialized research institutes in Russia. The authors estimate that Russia will gain about 7.2 percent of the value of Russian consumption in the medium run from WTO accession and up to 24 percent in the long run. They estimate that the largest gains to Russia will derive from liberalization of barriers against multinational service providers. Piecemeal and systematic sensitivity analysis shows that their results are robust. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of liberalization of barriers against foreign direct investment in services sectors"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3395
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Trade, standards, and the political economy of genetically modified food
    Keywords: Genetically modified foods ; Genetically modified foods ; Genetically modified foods ; Genetically modified foods
    Abstract: "Anderson, Damania, and Jackson develop a common-agency lobbying model to help understand why North America and the European Union have adopted such different policies toward genetically modified (GM) food. Their results show that when firms (in this case farmers) lobby policymakers to influence standards, and consumers and environmentalists care about the choice of standard, it is possible that increased competition from abroad can lead to strategic incentives to raise standards, not just lower them as shown in earlier models. The authors show that differences in comparative advantage in the adoption of GM crops may be sufficient to explain the trans-Atlantic difference in GM policies. On the one hand, farmers in a country with a comparative advantage in GM technology can gain a strategic cost advantage by lobbying for lax controls on GM production and use at home and abroad. On the other hand, when faced with greater competition, the optimal response of farmers in countries with a comparative disadvantage in GM adoption may be to lobby for more-stringent GM standards. So it is rational for producers in the European Union (whose relatively small farms would enjoy less gains from the new biotechnology than broad-acre American farms) to reject GM technology if that enables them and consumer and environmental lobbyists to argue for restraints on imports from GM-adopting countries. This theoretical proposition is supported by numerical results from a global general equilibrium model of GM adoption in America with and without an EU moratorium. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economic implications of standards and technology policies in a multilateral trading environment"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3420
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Have consumers benefited from the reforms in the electricity distribution sector in Latin America?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Rossi bring new empirical evidence on the impact of the choice of ownership and regulatory regime on firms' productivity and prices paid by consumers. They collect the evidence from a sample of electricity distribution companies in Latin America. The authors rely on estimations of labor and operation and maintenance (O&M) input requirement functions using alternative econometric approaches. Their main conclusions are: Private firms perform better (approximately 30 percent) than public firms. The regulatory regimes matter, so that price-cap regulated firms do better than rate-of-return regulated firms, and firms regulated under hybrid regimes have intermediate performance. Private firms operating under rate of return are at most as efficient as public firms. There is no clear pattern of differences in electricity prices according to the regulatory regime. Final prices fell in general but the drop did not match the productivity gains, implying that the operators and the state share some of the gains in the form of rents and higher tax revenue, respectively. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3423
    Parallel Title: Taliercio, Robert Designing performance
    Keywords: Public administration ; Public administration ; Revenue ; Revenue ; Public administration ; Public administration ; Revenue ; Revenue
    Abstract: "During the past decade, diverse developing countries have introduced radical reforms in their collection of taxes. In more than 15 countries, traditional tax departments have been granted the status of semiautonomous revenue authorities (ARAs), which are designed with a number of autonomy-enhancing features, including self-financing mechanisms, boards of directors with high-ranking public and private sector representatives, and sui generis personnel systems. Taliercio addresses gaps in the public management and tax administration literatures by closely examining ARA reforms in Kenya, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Uganda, and Venezuela from their inception to the early 2000s. Using the comparative case study method, he tackles three questions. First, what has motivated the wave of ARA reforms over the past decade? The author argues that from a public management perspective, reformers intended to use autonomy to enhance bureaucratic performance in low-capacity public sectors. Second, is there a connection between autonomy and performance? Focusing on revenue collection, compliance management, taxpayer services, human resource management, and administrative costs, the author suggests that autonomy is associated with higher levels of performance. He also makes the case that higher levels of autonomy are associated with higher levels of performance. Third, if there is a connection between autonomy and performance, which specific design features matter most and why? In spite of the popularity of the ARA reform, there is no consensus on best practice in organizational design. The author offers hypotheses based on the cases about why certain designs work better than others, and makes specific recommendations for the next generation of ARA reforms. This paper a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Department, East Asia and Pacific Region is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand under what conditions public sector performance improves"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3412
    Parallel Title: Feenstra, Robert C Export variety and country productivity
    Keywords: Exports Case studies ; Industrial productivity Case studies ; International trade Case studies ; Product differentiation Case studies ; Exports Case studies ; Industrial productivity Case studies ; International trade Case studies ; Product differentiation Case studies
    Abstract: "Feenstra and Kee study the link between export product variety and country productivity based on data from 34 industrial and developing countries, from 1982 to 1997. They measure export product variety by the share of U.S. imports on the set of goods exported by each sampled country relative to the world. It is a theoretically sound index which is consistent with within-country GDP maximization, as well as cross-country comparison. The authors construct country productivity based on relative endowments and product variety. Increases in output product variety improve country productivity as the new mix of output may better use resources of the economy and improve allocative efficiency. Such effects depend on the elasticity of substitution in production between the different varieties. The more different the varieties are in terms of production, the more efficient it is to use the endowments of the economy when a new variety is available, which leads to productivity gains. In addition, as suggested in the literature, export product variety depends on trade costs, such as tariffs, distance, and transport costs. Such trade cost variables are used as instruments to help the authors identify the effects of export variety on country productivity. Empirical evidence supports their hypothesis. Overall, while export variety accounts for only 2 percent of cross-country productivity differences, it explains 13 percent of within-country productivity growth. A 10 percent increase in the export variety of all industries leads to a 1.3 percent increase in country productivity, while a 10 percentage point increase in tariffs facing an exporting country leads to a 2 percent fall in country productivity. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to study the link between trade and productivity"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3416
    Parallel Title: Bayraktar, Nihal Foreign bank entry, performance of domestic banks, and sequence of financial liberalization
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking, Foreign ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking, Foreign ; Finance
    Abstract: "The openness or internationalization of financial services is a complex issue because it is closely related to structural reforms in the domestic financial sector with some perceived implications for macroeconomic stability. Bayraktar and Wang investigate the impact of foreign bank entry on the performance of domestic banks and how this relationship is affected by the sequence of financial liberalization. Their data set is constructed from the BankScope database, including 30 industrial and developing countries, and covering the period from 1995 to 2002. The authors apply panel data regressions by pooling all countries together, and by grouping countries according to the sequence of their financial liberalization. One observation based on descriptive analysis is that the degree of openness to foreign bank entry varies a great deal, which is not correlated with average income levels or with GDP growth. Second, the sequence of financial liberalization matters for the performance of the domestic banking sector: After controlling for macroeconomic variables and grouping countries by their sequence of liberalization, foreign bank entry has significantly improved domestic bank competitiveness in countries that liberalized their stock market first. In these countries, both profit and cost indicators are negatively related to the share of foreign banks. Countries that liberalized their capital account first seem to have benefited less from foreign bank entry compared with the other two sets of countries. This paper a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute is part of a larger effort in the institute to develop materials for capacity building on trade in financial services"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3432
    Parallel Title: Demombynes, Gabriel Growth, inequality, and simulated poverty paths for Tanzania, 1992-2002
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Although Tanzania experienced relatively rapid growth in per capita GDP in the 1995-2001 period, household budget survey (HBS) data show only a modest and statistically insignificant decline in poverty between 1992 and 2001. To assess the likely trajectory of poverty rates over the course of the period, changes in poverty are simulated using unit-record HBS data and national accounts growth rates under varying assumptions for growth rates and inequality changes. To this end the projection approach of Datt and Walker (2002) is used along with an extension that is better suited to taking into account distributional changes observed between the two household surveys. The simulations suggest that following increases in poverty during the economic slowdown of the early 1990s, recent growth in Tanzania has brought a decline in poverty, particularly in urban areas. Unless recent growth is sustained, the country will not meet its 2015 Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Poverty reduction is on track in urban areas, but reaching the MDG target for bringing down poverty in rural areas, where most Tanzanians live, requires sustaining high growth in rural output per capita. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2 Team, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the Tanzania country team to investigate the relation between economic growth and poverty reduction"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3443
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Improving credit information, bank regulation, and supervision
    Keywords: Banks and banking Case studies State supervision ; Central banks Case studies ; Credit Case studies ; Banks and banking Case studies State supervision ; Central banks Case studies ; Credit Case studies
    Abstract: "Powell, Mylenko, Miller, and Majnoni analyze how data in public credit registries can be used both to strengthen bank supervision and to improve the quality of credit analysis by financial institutions. Empirical tests using public credit registry (PCR) data were performed in collaboration with the central banks in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The results of the empirical tests confirm the value of the data for credit risk evaluation and provide insights regarding its use in supervision, including in calculations of credit risk for capital and provisioning requirements, or as a check on a bank's internal ratings for the Basel II's internal rating-based approach. The authors also define a set of critical design parameters and use the results to comment on appropriate public registry design. Finally, they discuss the relationship between the different objectives of a PCR and how they influence the registry's design. This paper--a product of the Finance Cluster, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze the effects of bank capital regulation"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/17/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3446
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de The long-term legacy of the Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia
    Keywords: Education ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Education ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Cambodia Politics and government 1975-1979 ; Cambodia Politics and government 1975-1979
    Abstract: "De Walque studies the long-term impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge (1975-79) in Cambodia and contributes to the literature on the economic analysis of conflict. Using mortality data for siblings from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey in 2000, he shows that excess mortality was extremely high and heavily concentrated during 1974-80. Adult males had been the most likely to die, indicating that violent death played a major role. Individuals with an urban or educated background were more likely to die. Infant mortality was also at very high levels during the period, and disability rates from landmines or other weapons were high for males who, given their birth cohort, were exposed to this risk. The very high and selective mortality had a major impact on the population structure of Cambodia. Fertility and marriage rates were very low under the Khmer Rouge but rebounded immediately after the regime's collapse. Because of the shortage of eligible males, the age and education differences between partners tended to decline. The period had a lasting impact on the educational attainment of the population. The education system collapsed during the period, so individuals--especially males--who were of schooling age during this interval had a lower educational attainment than the preceding and subsequent birth cohorts. This paper--a product of the Public Services Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the consequences of conflict"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3448
    Parallel Title: Islam, Roumeen What are the right institutions in a globalizing world? and-- can we keep them if we've found them?
    Keywords: Globalization ; International economic integration ; International trade ; Globalization ; International economic integration ; International trade
    Abstract: "Greater trade integration has often been viewed as requiring greater standardization in institutions, without which the benefits of trade do not materialize. There are many current debates concerning the degree and area of standardization needed and these debates are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. This paper, drawing on both the fiscal federalism and the trade literature, argues that increasing trade integration is consistent with a wide array of institutional choices. The final outcome, in terms of which institutions have prevailed, has depended substantially on political pressures for standardization and not necessarily on a clear assessment of economic gains. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute--is part of a larger effort in the institute to understand the concept of 'good' governance and to disseminate its work in this area"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3445
    Parallel Title: Clarke, George Has private participation in water and sewerage improved coverage?
    Keywords: Sewerage Case studies ; Water-supply Case studies ; Sewerage Case studies ; Water-supply Case studies
    Abstract: "Introducing private sector participation (PSP) into the water and sewerage sectors in developing countries is difficult and controversial. Empirical studies on its effects are scant and generally inconclusive. Case studies tend to find improvements in the sector following privatization, but they suffer from selection bias and it is difficult to generalize their results. To explore empirically the effects of PSP on coverage, Clarke, Kosec, and Wallsten assemble a new dataset of connections to water and sewerage services at the city and province level based on household surveys in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. The household surveys, conducted over a number of years, allow them to compile data before and after the introduction of PSP, as well as from similar (control) regions that never privatized at all. Their analysis reveals that, in general, connection rates to piped water and sewerage improved following the introduction of PSP, consistent with the case study literature. The authors also find, however, that connection rates similarly improved in the control regions, suggesting that PSP may not have been responsible for those improvements. On the other hand, connection rates for the poorest households also tended to increase in the regions with PSP and in the control regions, suggesting that--in terms of connections at least--PSP did not harm the poor. This paper--a product of the Growth and Investment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study the impact of infrastructure reform on poor households"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3456
    Parallel Title: Serven, Luis Macroeconomic stability in developing countries
    Keywords: Economic stabilization ; Economic stabilization ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Abstract: "In the 1990s macroeconomic policies improved in a majority of developing countries, but the growth dividend from such improvement fell short of expectations, and a policy agenda focused on stability turned out to be associated with a multiplicity of financial crises. Montiel and Serven take a retrospective look at the content and implementation of the macroeconomic reform agenda of the 1990s. They review the progress achieved with fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies across the developing world, and the effectiveness of the changing policy framework in promoting stability and growth. The main lesson is that slow growth and frequent crises resulted, more often than not, from shortcomings in the reform agenda of the 1990s. These shortcomings essentially concern the depth and breadth of the macroeconomic reform agenda, its attention to macroeconomic vulnerabilities, and the complementary reforms outside the macroeconomic sphere. This paper--a joint product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, and the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the Bank to draw policy lessons from the development experience of the 1990s"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3459
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Economic volatility and returns to education in Venezuela
    Keywords: Education ; Labor supply ; Education ; Labor supply
    Abstract: "Preliminary evidence suggests that the rates of return to education in Venezuela have been declining since the 1970s. Patrinos and Sakellariou rigorously estimate the returns to education in Venezuela for the period 1992-2002 and link them to earlier available estimates from the 1980s. They use consistent cross-sections from the Encuesta de Hogares por Muestro to document falling returns to schooling and educational levels until the mid-1990s, followed by increasing returns thereafter. The authors use quantile regression analysis to provide further insight into the within skill group changes in returns over time. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3462
    Parallel Title: Paternostro, Stefano The returns to participation in the nonfarm sector in rural Rwanda
    Keywords: Rural development ; Rural poor ; Rural development ; Rural poor ; Rwanda Rural conditions ; Rwanda Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Dabalen, Paternostro, and Pierre investigate the differences in outcomes (earnings and consumption) between individuals (households) who participate in the nonfarm sector and those who do not. They use propensity score matching methods where they create appropriate comparison groups of individuals and households. First the authors find that nonfarm self-employed individuals in rural Rwanda have significantly higher earnings than farm workers and nonfarm formal employees. Second, they show that the benefits to nonfarm self-employment are much higher among the nonpoor than among the poor. Third, the authors show that diversified households--those with a farm and a nonfarm enterprise--are less likely to be poor. Finally, farm households who do not participate in the market have significantly lower consumption levels than households that do. However, the benefits to market participation appear to matter less for the poor than for the nonpoor. The authors find little difference in expenditures between market participants and nonmarket participants for comparable households in the bottom 40 percent of the expenditure distribution. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to understand rural nonfarm employment determinants"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3467
    Parallel Title: Verbeek, Jos Economic growth, income distribution, and poverty in Poland during transition
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Poland Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Economic policy 1990- ; Poland Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Economic policy 1990-
    Abstract: "Paci, Sasin, and Verbeek attempt to analyze the linkages between macroeconomic policies and economic growth variables, their movement over time, and their impact on poverty in the case of Poland. Poland, a middle-income country, is of particular interest because its data sources allow for a relatively detailed analysis of such developments, and the macroeconomic environment and the economic growth variables show a relatively sizable degree of variance. In addition, Poland has struggled in the past few years to reduce poverty while still experiencing positive economic growth. The authors show that in Poland, poverty-reducing growth depends heavily on the ability of the economy to generate jobs. During the early years of transition, net job growth was positive, while after the Russian crisis of 1998, productivity gains were accomplished mostly through labor shedding, henceforth, increasing poverty in Poland. In addition, the authors identify how fiscal and social protection policies affect income distribution and poverty in Poland. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze the links between post-transition economic growth and poverty reduction"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357344 , 9780821357347
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: In its 3rd annual edition, The Little Green Data Book 2004 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. Profiles of each country include 48 key development indicators like: Population, Urban Population, Rural Population Density; GNI, GDP, Gross National Savings; Forest Area, Annual Deforestation; Agricultural Land, Fertilizer Consumption, Irrigated Land, Food Production Index; Mammal and Bird Species Threatened; Electric Power Consumption, GDP per unit of energy use; CO2 Emissions per Capita, Passenger Cars; Freshwater resources per capita, Access to Sanitation; Energy Depletion, Education Expenditure, Under-5 Mortality Rate. Drawing on data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2004, The Little Green Data Book provides quick reference to the latest available environmental data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malawi Country Procurement Assessment Report is a joint undertaking between the Malawi Government and the World Bank to analyze the country procurement system and recommend appropriate actions to improve the efficiency, economy and transparency of the system. This report is divided into (a) an Executive Summary, (b) Main Report on Findings and Recommendations, and (c) Annexes. Since the preparation of the diagnostic study on Malawi's public procurement system in 1996, the Government has made good progress with establishing new - and relatively good - legal framework for procurement reform. But there has not yet been much reform (institutional, practical and oversight). In 2003, the Malawi Parliament passed a new procurement law, the Public Procurement Act of 2003, which became effective in August of that year. The new Procurement Act requires procurement regulations to provide, among things, thresholds for the use of the various procurement methods, bid and bid evaluation procedures and contract management. The analysis of the CPAR is carried out against the five basic pillars of a sound public procurement system, including: (i) a functioning legal, regulatory and institutional framework, (ii) use of modernized procurement procedures and practices; (iii) procurement proficiency of Government staff; (iv) independence of audits and recourse for complaints; and (v) inclusion of anti-corruption measures in the procurement law and application of effective sanctions. In addition, the CPAR analyses the performance of the private sector in public procurement and the procurement performance of Bank financed projects. The analysis has led to the recommendations made below, summarized in the Action Plan, to strengthen each pillar over time. Weaknesses in current procurement performance are identified as substantial delays in the procurement process, insufficient capacity, and inadequacies in procurement organization, documents and management. The continued reliance on the Interim Guidelines, which include a number of practices that are considered incompatible with internationally acceptable procurement standards, are also partially to blame for this
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357204 , 9780821357200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (436 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Africa Development Indicators
    Abstract: African Development Indicators 2004 provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It contains more than 500 macroeconomic, sectoral, and social indicators, covering 53 African countries with data from 1970-2002. The book is grouped into 15 chapters: background data; national accounts; prices and exchange rates; money and banking; external sector; external debt and related flows; government finance; agriculture; power, communications, and transportation; public enterprises; labor force and employment; aid flows; social indicators; environmental indicators; and HIPC debt initiative. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the nature of the data and their limitations, followed by a set of statistical tables, charts, and technical notes that define the indicators and identify their specific source. Included this year are new tables on HIV/AIDS, Communications and Transportation, and the HIPC Debt Initiative. Designed to provide all those interested in Africa with a focused and convenient set of data to monitor development programs and aid flows in the region, this is an invaluable reference tools for analysts and policymakers who want a better understanding of the economic and social developments occurring in Africa
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 42 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no.42
    DDC: 384.6/4
    Keywords: Competition, International ; Telecommunication ; Telephone ; Competition, International ; Telecommunication ; Telephone
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-42)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3188
    Parallel Title: Saggi, Kamal Trading market access for competition policy enforcement
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Antitrust law ; Free trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Tariff ; Antitrust law ; Free trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Tariff
    Note: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3190
    Parallel Title: Wang, Yanling On the quantity and quality of knowledge
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Research, Industrial ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer ; Industrial productivity ; Research, Industrial ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer
    Note: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3196
    Parallel Title: Saggi, Kamal Technological asymmetry among foreign investors and mode of entry
    Keywords: Competition, International ; Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Joint ventures ; Joint ventures ; Competition, International ; Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Joint ventures ; Joint ventures
    Note: "January 23, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3233
    Parallel Title: Apps, Patricia Gender, time use, and models of the household
    Keywords: Households ; Time-series analysis ; Households ; Time-series analysis
    Note: "March 3, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 5, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3237
    Parallel Title: Mattoo, Aaditya Pre-empting protectionism in services
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Protectionism ; Service industries ; Protectionism ; Service industries
    Note: "March 11, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 12, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3239
    Parallel Title: Reinikka, Ritva The power of information
    Keywords: Political corruption ; Uganda Newspapers ; Political corruption ; Uganda Newspapers
    Note: "March 11, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 12, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3243
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Competing concepts of inequality in the globalization debate
    Keywords: Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3242
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Pro-poor growth
    Keywords: Economic development ; Poor ; Economic development ; Poor
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3248
    Parallel Title: Castagnini, Raffaella Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda
    Keywords: Land use ; Land use
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3251
    Parallel Title: Burnside, Craig Aid, policies, and growth
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3265
    Parallel Title: Nicita, Alessandro Who benefited from trade liberalization in Mexico?
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade ; Mexico Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Mexico Economic conditions ; Regional disparities
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3282
    Parallel Title: Shah, Anwar Fiscal decentralization in developing and transition economies
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations
    Note: "May 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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