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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responding to the challenge of fragility and security in West Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804649 , 9781464804656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 303.6/90966
    Abstract: Trends in conflict and violence --An overview of conflict and violence in West Africa --Emerging threats : trafficking, maritime piracy, and religious extremism --The complex challenges of youth and migration --The struggle for greater fairness and equity : the challenge of regional imbalances and improved benefit from extractives --The fragility of political institutions : managing the competition for power --Security : responding to new threats --Land institutions : a neverending conundrum --Lessons in resilience : the end of the Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire conflicts --Improving the way donors and development agencies support the reduction of fragility --Annex : political leadership in West Africa.
    Note: "January 2015 , Includes bibliographical references , "This report has been prepared by the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0464-9
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-0464-9
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From potential to reality (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804908 , 9781464804892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 304.6/20967
    Abstract: Overview --The state of demographics in Sub-Saharan Africa --Speeding the demographic transition --Selected social and economic effects of the demographic dividend --Afterword.
    Note: "October 23, 2014
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0489-2
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-0489-2
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From potential to reality : what will it take to harness a demographic dividend in Africa? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804908 , 9781464804892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (Seiten cm)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.6/20967
    RVK:
    MS 4200
    Keywords: Demographic transition ; Age distribution (Demography) ; Demographic transition Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Demographie ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Demographie
    Abstract: Overview --The state of demographics in Sub-Saharan Africa --Speeding the demographic transition --Selected social and economic effects of the demographic dividend --Afterword
    Note: "October 23, 2014.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0489-2
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responding to the challenge of fragility and security in West Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804649 , 9781464804656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (Seiten cm))
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.6/90966
    Keywords: Conflict management ; Political stability ; National security
    Abstract: Trends in conflict and violence --An overview of conflict and violence in West Africa --Emerging threats : trafficking, maritime piracy, and religious extremism --The complex challenges of youth and migration --The struggle for greater fairness and equity : the challenge of regional imbalances and improved benefit from extractives --The fragility of political institutions : managing the competition for power --Security : responding to new threats --Land institutions : a neverending conundrum --Lessons in resilience : the end of the Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire conflicts --Improving the way donors and development agencies support the reduction of fragility --Annex : political leadership in West Africa
    Note: "January 2015.. - Includes bibliographical references. - "This report has been prepared by the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0464-9
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serbia Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Performance Report : Repeat Assessment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Financial Accountability Assessment
    Abstract: A Public Expenditure and Financial accountability (PEFA) repeat assessment was conducted in the Republic of Serbia (RoS) between November 2014 and May 2015 by an independent team of experts, led by the World Bank (WB). The assessment was financed jointly by the Strengthening of Accountability and the Fiduciary Environment (SAFE) Trust Fund of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the European Union Delegation to Serbia (EU Delegation) and WB. The period covered by this Assessment (2011-2013) was dominated by the challenges posed by the aftermath of the global economic recession which affected macro-fiscal performances. Notwithstanding these challenges PFM improvements can be observed in strengthening legislative framework, and Budget classification, multi-year fiscal planning, procurement and external audit. In other areas such as the composition of expenditure out-turn compared with originally approved budget, expenditures arrears, oversight of fiscal risk, and effectiveness of tax collection, predictability in the availability of funds, application of public sector accounting standards application and legislative scrutiny of annual budget law and final accounts, further work is needed to improve PFM performance
    DOI: 10.1596/24788
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pakistan--Tracing the Flow of Public Money : Punjab Expenditure and Quantity of Service Delivery Survey in Primary School Sector (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The main objective of the report is to provide recommendations for policy makers and sector managers to help improve service delivery and the resultant outcomes in primary education. The fundamental premise of this analysis stems from Punjab Social Sector Public Expenditure Review conducted in FY2013
    DOI: 10.1596/24693
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coordination of Strategies and Programs for EU and State-Funded Investments in Romania's Infrastructure (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Abstract: This report provides a diagnostic and a set of recommendations for the coordination of infrastructure investments in three main sectors in Romania: roads; water and wastewater; and social infrastructure (education, health, culture, and sports). The proposals formulated are targeted primarily at the main client of this work, the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (MRDPA) and specifically at the Directorate General for Regional Development and Infrastructure (DG RDI), which manages the most important state-budget-funded program for local infrastructure investments - the National Local Development Program (PNDL). Other key stakeholders include the Center of Government (CoG), the Ministry of Public Finances, the Ministry of European Funds, other central authorities in charge of EU and/or state-funded investment programs, Regional Development Agencies, and county and local councils. While customized for the PNDL, the recommendations that follow can be replicated across all state-budget-funded investment programs. This report presents multiple instruments for promoting coordination: dedicated platforms, harmonization of investment programs (design, financing criteria, producers), and knowledge sharing of good practices at the local level
    DOI: 10.1596/24455
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Market Conditions for Biomass-to-Energy Projects in Ukraine : Survey Findings (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The structure of the Ukrainian biomass-to-energy market is taking shape. The supply side of the market is represented by the forestry and wood processing companies and crop and animal farms that are sources of biomass. Pellet producers process available waste into pellets. Boilers for burning biomass are available in the market from either local producers or importers. Biomass-to-energy facilities produce electricity and/or heat for a variety of users (industrial, commercial, and residential). In some cases, users generate electricity and/or heat for their own use. In others, (private or municipal) electricity/heat producers sell to end-users directly or through the power grid. Biomass-to-energy facilities may use biomass only or in combination (co-fired) with other fuels (oil, gas, or coal). Demand for biomass-to-energy initiatives has been growing in Ukraine, being driven by the motivation of cost savings and increased efficiency. In the short term, the share of heat suppliers using biomass boilers could grow up to 63 of all the surveyed players. Despite the expanding share of municipal heat suppliers using biomass boilers in the total number of companies, the share of biomass in the overall volume of fuel consumed by the surveyed entities remains low (14 percent). The most common fuel is natural gas, with a share of 80 percent in the total volume of fuel used by municipal heat suppliers. Additionally, the shortage of biomass of required quality is considered the main risk when it comes to implementing biomass-to-energy projects. The shortage of biomass and the growing demand for it pushes prices up, which increases the cost of a project and the uncertainty regarding the investment payback period
    DOI: 10.1596/24798
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving Utility Performance in Fragile Environments : Lessons from Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation in Liberia and Guma Valley Water Company in Sierra Leone (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Abstract: This note summarizes lessons from the Water and Sanitation Program's (WSP) technical assistance to improve performance and cost-recovery at the Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC) and Sierra Leone's Guma Valley Water Company (GVWC). The focus on cost-recovery reflects its critical importance to the viability of utilities. There are 'almost no examples in developing countries' of utilities 'whose operating revenues are significantly below O&M costs and that are nevertheless able to develop and maintain their infrastructure and provide a reliable and efficient service'. (McPhail, and others, 2012). WSP's technical assistance sought to strengthen reform efforts initiated by the management teams at LWSC and GVWC by improving the utilities' ability to sustainably fund their operations. Three aspects of cost-recovery were prioritized: (a) improving metering, billing and collection processes (b) reducing commercial non-revenue water and (c) investigating options to expand the utilities' revenue base by connecting new customers more effectively
    DOI: 10.1596/24786
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ending Extreme Poverty by 2030 : The Final Push (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting prosperity among the poorest 40 percent in low and middle-income countries. The strategy is summed up in three words: grow, invest, and insure. He talks about the need to be creative and use all of the resources to leverage much-needed private sector investment to build infrastructure and create jobs. He promises that the World Bank Group will continue to support governments and make investments in a broad variety of areas in the fight against extreme poverty in developing countries. He talks about empowering women through education for mothers to have healthier children, and, when they have financial resources, they're more likely to invest in the next generation. He talks about the most effective ways to encourage investment in the extreme poor and improve health and educational service delivery, is accountability. He concludes by saying that the governments must be more accountable to citizens, and work to reduce arbitrary treatment at the hands of security forces and the demand for bribes from poor people which will help to minimize the likelihood of violent conflict and eliminate a driver of poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/24307
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scaling Up Finance for Sustainable Energy Investments (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, review the commitment to the U.N. Decade for Sustainable Energy for All. The initiative is a multi-stakeholder partnership working with governments, businesses, civil society, banks and international institutions to meet three interlinked goals by 2030: (i) ensuring energy access to more than 1 billion people living without electricity; (ii) doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix; and (iii) doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency worldwide. These three goals are interlinked and vital for achieving the twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity. He concludes saying that, we must now prove that we can make energy available to the hundreds of millions who need it and work together to end energy poverty in our lifetime
    DOI: 10.1596/24304
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remarks at the United Nations Secretary General's International Ebola Recovery Conference, July 10, 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the dual challenge facing Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone--that the Ebola epidemic stubbornly continues and that these countries must recover and build back better, stronger, and smarter. Ebola-affected countries need to dramatically increase access to essential, quality health care in even the most remote areas, and bolster the capacity of communities and community health workers to serve as the front line for disease prevention and response. He speaks about the need to strengthen the entire health system to achieve universal coverage and end preventable deaths. He talks about not letting up until we end this deadly epidemic once and for all and also must stand with the people of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone and make investments that produce a sustainable recovery. He concludes that as a global community, we must pledge to do whatever it takes to make sure such a preventable crisis never happens again
    DOI: 10.1596/24297
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Losing the Gains of the Past : The Welfare and Distributional Impacts of the Twin Crises of 2014 in Iraq (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: Iraq was plunged into two simultaneous crises in the second half of 2014, one driven by a sharp decline in oil prices, the other, by Islamic State militants. Since June 2014, crude oil prices per barrel have fallen from around 112 USD to 97 USD in September and 62 USD by December. Given Iraq's heavy dependence on oil as a share of GDP and exports, and a source of government revenues, this decline in prices alone would have hit Iraq's fragile economy hard. In addition, since June 2014, Islamic State (IS) or Da'ash militants extended their influence from Syria into Iraq's northern and western provinces of Anbar, Nineveh, Salahadin, and to a lesser extent, Kirkuk and Diyala. A total of 354,000 families were internally displaced between June and December of 2014 which represents about 2.1 million individuals; and those left behind have been cut off from the rest of the country. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) have sought refuge across Iraq and about half of those who have crossed governorates boundaries were settled in Iraqi Kurdistan
    DOI: 10.1596/24991
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sulawesi Development Diagnostic : Achieving Shared Prosperity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Abstract: The sulawesi development ...
    DOI: 10.1596/24990
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Providing Out-of-School Girls with Skills : A Review of the Global Evidence (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Promoting relevant technical and life skills is one option to empower adolescent girls by increasing their capacity to generate income and therefore by enhancing their bargaining power within the household. This Note presents a situation analysis of the current skills set and employment outcomes of adolescents (aged 15-19 years) in Zambia, with a focus on adolescent girls. The main source of data is several rounds of the Zambia Labor Force Survey (years 2005, 2008, 2012). The data reveal that although adolescent girls are more economically active than their male counterparts, they are also more likely to be engaged in part-time employment, be unemployed, and earn less than their male counterparts. However, little is known about how these trends affect choices made by adolescent girls and their households
    DOI: 10.1596/23868
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prioritization Strategy for State-budget and EU-funded Investments, According to Harmonized Selection Criteria Pursuant to EU-funded Project (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Abstract: Romania faces today the critical need to enhance the coordination of public investment programs and projects in order to 'do more with less,' maximizing development impact given limited financial resources available. In this context, 'value for money' is the key guiding principle of public investments, making this final report is both critically important and timely. Romania's preparations for the 2014-2020 EU programming period are in full swing, with multiple operational programs recently approved. In parallel, the Government is working on revamping instruments financed entirely from the state budget. The core focus is on the National Local Development Program (PNDL), the main state-budget-funded investment program for local infrastructure development, though findings and recommendations may be extrapolated to other state-budget-funded instruments (e.g., the Environment Fund) and, indeed, as decentralization and regionalization may evolve in the future, subnational governments may also apply the lessons of this work. The main goal of this work is to recommend and facilitate the adoption of prioritization and selection criteria that enhance coordination at the level of infrastructure programs and the projects they finance
    DOI: 10.1596/24447
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agreement for Advisory Services on Assistance to the Romanian Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration on Harmonizing State- and EU-Funded Projects in Regions (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Abstract: The 2014-2015 Romania Regional Development 2 Program is the continuation of the World Bank's technical assistance to the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (MRDPA). Building on the previous engagement, the current work addresses a fundamental question: given Romania's persistent development challenges, how can the country do more with less when it comes to the public infrastructure it needs? The key is to enhance coordination and harmonization of different funding sources, particularly infrastructure programs financed from the state budget and from EU structural funds. The National Local Development Program (PNDL), managed by the MRDPA, is reviewed in depth, though the conclusions typically hold for all state-budget-funded programs. This synthesis report summarizes the main findings and recommendations from eight final reports and 24 knowledge sharing workshops organized in all eight regions in Romania in 2015. Several 'bonus' outputs were also produced, going beyond the terms of this technical assistance (three investment guides, an applicant guide, and an operational manual). This synthesis report - along with all the outputs it draws from - is meant as a practical tool for policymakers at the national, regional, and local level. It also seeks to inform a broader audience of private and nongovernmental stakeholders
    DOI: 10.1596/24442
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Qualitative Assessment of Health Equity among the Elderly People in Thailand : Utilization and Financial Protection (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: Thailand has succeeded in expanding coverage of publicly-funded and publicly-managed health insurance schemes, following the introduction of universal health coverage policy in 2001. While Thailand's achievement of universal health coverage (UC) is well noted, recent researches and studies have indicated that there are still gaps in health utilization and financial protection. A recent study by Thailand's health insurance system research office (HISRO) shows that utilization of health services by patients of three main health insurance schemes combined increased markedly after age 45 for both outpatient care and in-patient care but later dropped during an advanced age. Utilization of out-patient care services decreases among patients who are over 75 years of age while that of in-patient care services decreases after 85 years of age. The objective of the study is to identify the gaps of accessing UC scheme's care system by the elderly population, focusing on utilization and financial protection aspects. The team conducted small-scale area-based qualitative case studies, focusing on elderly UC members who live in selected urban and rural areas in four different geographical regions of Thailand - Central, North, Northeastern, and South. The analysis confirms that there are poor elderly people who still need to pay for the costs of out-patient and in-patient care services at publicly run health facilities
    DOI: 10.1596/22810
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remarks at Press Conference, Accra, Ghana, October 16, 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: This is the transcript of the remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group at a press conference in Accra, Ghana. He discusses on the two goals, to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity to the bottom 40 percent in developing countries. He talks about improving the productivity of agriculture and making sure that every industry, every person in Africa has access to energy to end extreme poverty. He talks about the importance of investing in the health and education of people for future economic growth in developing countries. He commended Ghana on its structural transformation, shift out of a solely agricultural-focused economy and in one in which non-agricultural self-employment and, to a lesser degree, wage jobs have also become part of the economy. He concludes by talking about taking action on improved and fair, more just, more efficient tax systems and stopping illicit financial flows, in order to benefit the development of the country
    DOI: 10.1596/24291
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
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    Remarks at Opening Press Conference, World Bank/IMF Spring Meetings, Washington, DC, April 16, 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses promoting strong economic growth in developing countries. He speaks about the need to invest in people, especially in education, health and to build social safety nets and protections against both natural disasters and pandemics to ensure that people don't remain trapped in extreme poverty. He talks about the challenges in trying to work in all kinds of complex political situations, so that whatever happens to be going on in the political sphere, we can continue to work to lift people out of poverty and boost shared prosperity. He talks about multilateralism that is always complicated and is always fraught with disagreements. He promises to continue to try to engage with governments to have that impact. He mentioned reports released about the Bank's resettlement history. The transcript includes the Q&A session
    DOI: 10.1596/24306
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online Resource
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    Billions to Trillions : Ideas to Actions (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, focus on moving from ideas to action for mobilizing trillions of dollars needed for development. He notes that with the end of the Millennium Development Goals and the introduction of the Sustainable Development Goals comes an opportunity to make important changes in how we approach development. He suggests exploring ways to use our shareholder capital, innovative financing solutions, knowledge, and convening power to catalyze and crowd-in trillions of public and private sector dollars. The flexibility of the MDB model, which allows us to leverage these investments through the development of innovative solutions to global challenges. To go from billions in official assistance to trillions in investments, we will have to push even further our willingness to collaborate through creative partnerships
    DOI: 10.1596/24302
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
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    Energizing Africa : Achievements and Lessons from the Africa Renewable Energy and Access Program Phase I (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: Access to energy and economic development go hand in hand. Improving electricity supply and distribution boosts economic growth, creates jobs, and expands the reach of educational and health services. It can also empower women, providing income-generating opportunities and enabling them to spend their time more productively. Unfortunately, more than 589 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) live without access to electricity: only 35 percent of the population in SSA has access, compared with 96 and 78 percent in East Asia Pacific and South Asia, respectively. For most Africans, electric power is inaccessible, unaffordable, or unreliable. The lack of both quality energy services and access to modern sources of fuel, such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel, and biofuels, traps them in a world of poverty. The World Bank Group's engagement in the energy sector is designed to help client countries secure the affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy supply needed to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. The Bank's approach mirrors the objectives of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative, achieving universal access, accelerating improvements in energy efficiency, and doubling the global share of renewable energy by 2030. The Bank recognizes that each country determines its own path for achieving its energy aspirations: each country's sustainable energy transition involves a unique mix of opportunities and challenges, prompting different emphases on access, efficiency and renewable
    DOI: 10.1596/25201
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    Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Early Childhood Development : SABER Country Report 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Macedonia and recommendations to move forward. The Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) initiative produces comparative data and knowledge on education policies and institutions, with the aim of helping countries systematically strengthen their education systems. SABER evaluates the quality of education policies against evidence-based global standards, using new diagnostic tools and detailed policy data.This report is part of a series of reports prepared by the World Bank using the Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER-ECD) framework and includes analysis of early learning,health, nutrition and social and child protection policies and interventions in Macedonia, along with regional and international comparisons. SABER-ECD identifies three core policy goals that countries should address to ensure optimal ECD outcomes and they are as follows: 1) establishing an enabling environment; 2)implementing widely; and 3) monitoring and assuring quality. To conclude, Macedonia has successfully established many elements of a strong ECD system, including essential healthcare and standards for early childhood education. It may need to strengthen its intersectoral coordination and finance systems. The country's biggest challenge may be how to expand preprimary enrollment,especially to children from poor families,while maintaining quality
    DOI: 10.1596/24436
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    Kenya Leather Industry : Diagnosis, Strategy, and Action Plan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: In 2014, Kenya's Ministry of Industrialization requested technical assistance from the World Bank to conduct competitiveness assessments and develop competitiveness strategies for four key industries: textiles and apparel, food processing, furniture, and leather and leather products. In the context of Kenya's long-term vision to become an industrialized middle-income country by 2030, its leather and leather products sector offers an important opportunity for industrialization and diversification of exports. The development of the sector involves improving the raw material base (especially the quality of hides and skins), boosting the tanning subsector, producing leather goods, and marketing. Key strategic questions about the leather industry include: what is the status of development of the industry, what are the most critical competitiveness challenges and opportunities, what are the most are promising leather products that Kenya should focus on moving forward, and how can support be increased to value addition and exports by upgrading production processes, technology, marketing, and branding of leather products. The basic research methodology followed a standard approach of gathering existing reports and data, and interviewing a wide range of local and international experts. To increase the competitiveness of the leather industry and accomplish the product market objectives, strategies, and actions are recommended in this report and grouped according to a framework, which consists of three key strategies: promote the dynamic restructuring of the leather industry; increase access to markets and induce greater demand for Kenyan leather and leather products; and build quality and standards
    DOI: 10.1596/22779
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    Investment Climate in Kyrgyz Republic : Views of Foreign Investors (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The World Bank Group's investment climate project conducted a survey of foreign investors in the Kyrgyz Republic - both those currently operating and those that have terminated their operations for various reasons. The purpose of the survey was to assess selected aspects of the investment policy and legal environment in place in the Kyrgyz Republic, so as to determine whether the current regulations are investment-conducive or otherwise. The following aspects were studied as part of this survey: reasons for selecting a country for investing, ease of market entry, investor confidence, and protection in running a business, investor incentives and market exit. This report presents the analysis of the results of the survey. It consists of six sections, five of which discuss the results of each of the assessed aspects of the investment policy. The sixth section presents some demographics of the survey
    DOI: 10.1596/24460
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    Monitoring Welfare and Perceptions in South Sudan 2012-2014 : Findings from the High Frequency South Sudan Survey (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Since early 2012, the World Bank's High Frequency South Sudan Survey has collected a panel data set to monitor the welfare and perceptions of citizens in a selected number of state capitals in South Sudan. This note presents the findings of all six rounds of the survey on the topics of (1) Security, (2) Economic Conditions, (3) Assets and Consumption, and (4) Access to Services. The results are based on 143 households in Juba, Wau and Rumbek revisited six times. The analysis is restricted to households present in all rounds and, thus, is not statistically representative but only provides a descriptive narrative of the livelihood of the selected urban households in Juba, Rumbek and Wau. These cities are not among the cities most affected by the conflict
    DOI: 10.1596/22512
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    UNIMINUTO : Bringing Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Jobs to Marginalized Communities in Colombia through Tertiary Education (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused exclusively on leveraging the power of the private sector to tackle the world's most pressing development challenges. Working with private enterprises in more than one hundred countries, IFC uses its capital, expertise and influence to help eliminate extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. Expanding access to quality and affordable education is a central element to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality. In developing countries, private education providers play a critical role in the delivery of education, skills, and training that is affordable and relevant to the needs of the labor markets. The IFC education practice is developing four case studies that showcase success stories in the IFC education portfolio around scale, skills, affordability, and innovation. This case study highlights how IFC clients have contributed to meeting IFC's strategic goals in education of: (1) developing skills and enhancing employability of graduates and trainees and (2) increasing reach and impact at all levels of education
    DOI: 10.1596/25071
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    Enhancing Financial Capability and Inclusion in the Philippines : A Demand-Side Survey (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: In response to a request of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and as part of a broader engagement on enhancing financial consumer protection and education in the Philippines, the World Bank has implemented a financial capability survey. Financial inclusion, financial literacy and consumer protection are important priorities for the BSP and the Philippines government. Consumer protection and education are critical elements in building an inclusive financial system and BSP seeks to identify sustainable methods of delivering financial education through effective partnerships. The proposed survey constitutes a key diagnostic tool that aims to guide BSP on the models for delivering financial education and to set quantifiable and concrete targets. This financial capability survey is the first in the Philippines and one of the very first in the East Asia and Pacific Region (EAPF). The key findings and recommendations presented in this report cover 3 main areas: 1. Financial Inclusion, 2. Financial Capability, and 3. Financial Consumer Protection. The remaining chapters are structured as follows. Chapter 1 explores the financial inclusion landscape in the Philippines. Chapter 2 gives an overview of Filipinos' levels of financial capability, in particular about their financial knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The last chapter investigates if the products which financially included individuals use are effectively meeting their needs
    DOI: 10.1596/25073
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    Identification for Development : Cote d'Ivoire (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The report is organized into the following sections: section two presents the approach and methodology of the evaluation used. It gives an overview of the Identification Systems Analysis (ISA). Section three gives a detailed description of the Identity ecosystem in Cote d'Ivoire. It examines all the identification schemes that were considered of primary importance by the Mission and that were part of the interviews conducted. Where enough data was collected, the ISA analysis is performed and the color coded score is presented. Section four presents a series of recommendations to address the identification needs of the WB Project but also for improving the identification practices in the country in general. Those recommendations are based on the extensive experience that the World Bank ISA team has had in the course of applying the tool in similar environments. In addition to these primary sections, the report contains four appendices: appendix one presents the scoring methodology of ISA. Appendix two provides a brief history of identification regulations in Cote d'Ivoire. It is meant to give some legal context to the identification schemes currently in place. Appendix three discusses how the foundation of current identity schemes (national identity card and the voter register) were dictated by the Peace Accord of Ouagadougou, and what role identity played in the conflict and the exit from that period. Appendix four is a detailed overview of the important law on privacy. The so called Law No. 2013-450 related to the protection of personally identifying information, which was adopted in 2013 and is currently being enforced systematically. This is the Cote d'Ivoire adaptation of the ECOWAS law on data protection and it represents a very significant body of codified legislation
    DOI: 10.1596/25197
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    Flood Risk Management in Dhaka : A Case for Eco-Engineering Approaches and Institutional Reform (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Abstract: The main objective of this study is to propose recommendations for addressing flood risks in Greater Dhaka. This is based on an analysis of flood risks facing the city, historical analysis of decision-making about flood risk management, and institutional and political economy analysis. Looking ahead, the study also considers how relatively new approaches to managing flood risk-green defense, eco-engineering, or ecosystem-based approaches- might inform the management of flood risk in Dhaka city. The study was initiated at the request of the Government of Bangladesh and carried out in close consultation with the Ministry of Environment and Forests-the focal agency for the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), with the Dhaka North and South City Corporations and RAJUK. It contributes to the goals of the Country Partnership Framework 2016-20 prepared in collaboration by the Government of Bangladesh and the World Bank (World Bank 2016). At present, the World Bank is undertaking an analysis of options to engage in eastern Dhaka and also developing a broader platform for engagement in the city. The study also informs these endeavors. It is fully aligned with the preparation of the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, a collaborative long-term planning initiative being undertaken by Bangladesh's Planning Commission and the Netherlands. Further, it is consistent with the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009, which highlights the urgency of strengthening resilience to urban flood risks.The study is based on extensive fieldwork, documentary research, and consultations with government and other stakeholders. It has the following focus areas: First, to set the stage, an analysis of flood risks facing Dhaka city is undertaken. Using publicly accessible satellite imagery, geographic information system (GIS)-based mapping tools, and available satellite-based analysis, the study assesses spatial changes in urbanization and urban ecosystems that are shaping flood risk in the city. Second, a historical analysis of flood management interventions in Dhaka and the sequence in which they occurred is undertaken. Third, an institutional and organizational capacity assessment for urban planning and flood risk management is undertaken. In proposing these recommendations, an extensive review of international experience using green defense or eco-engineering approaches was undertaken
    DOI: 10.1596/29348
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    Results and Performance of the World Bank Group 2014 : An Independent Evaluation (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The year 2015 is pivotal in international development. As the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) concludes, work continues to take forward the unfinished MDG agenda and to define and meet the more ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In preparation for the new challenges, the World Bank Group is changing. A new strategy in 2013 set two ambitious goals: ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent in a sustainable manner. To achieve the twin goals and contribute significantly to the SDGs, it is important to reflect on the Bank Group's experience with the MDGs to draw lessons for its engagement with the post-2015 agenda. This report also reviews the effectiveness of the Bank Group's portfolio and country programs for delivering results, and its implementation of Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/35359
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    Education Service Delivery in Tanzania (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Abstract: The Service Delivery Indicators (SDI) provide a set of metrics for benchmarking service delivery performance in education and health. The overall objective of the indicators is to gauge the quality of service delivery in primary education and basic health services. The indicators enable the identification of gaps and tracking of progress over time and across countries. It is envisaged that the broad availability, high public awareness and a persistent focus on the indicators will mobilize policymakers, citizens, service providers, donors and other stakeholders for action to improve the quality of services and ultimately to improve development outcomes and social welfare. This report presents the findings from the implementation of the Service Delivery Indicators in the Education sector in Tanzania in 2014. Survey implementation was preceded by an extensive consultation with Government and key stakeholders on survey design, sampling, and adaptation of survey instruments. Pre-testing of the survey instruments, enumerator training, and fieldwork took place in 2014. In conclusion, comparing the 2010 and 2014 SDI surveys, one clearly notices that Tanzania has made substantial progress in some areas, but there are still remaining gaps. Also, the achieved progress is from a very low base and there is still quite a bit of room for the Tanzanian education system to deliver quality to its pupils and get them prepared and equipped to face competition in the national, regional, and international labor markets
    DOI: 10.1596/24797
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    Corporate Governance Success Stories (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report summarizes the experiences of 19 companies from across the region. Each of the case studies highlights the key corporate governance changes made and the positive impacts that resulted, as reported by the company. The companies represent various countries, sectors, types, and sizes. All of the companies featured are former IFC Advisory Services clients. Some are IFC Investment clients as well. IFC conducted an in-depth corporate governance assessment for each of these companies using IFC's Corporate Governance Methodology. The assessments resulted in specific recommendations on ways to improve each company's governance framework and identified implementation plans. The assessments were conducted at various points over the past few years. The time taken to implement changes and realize benefits varied. However, all companies reported that governance changes are continuous and the corresponding benefits manifest themselves in different forms over time. This report provides examples of companies in various stages of change - from recent changes (e.g., Medgulf) to ongoing, longer-term changes (e.g., Bank Audi). This report also includes testimony from three MENA private equity firms (all IFC investment clients). Collectively, these firms have worked with 72 investee companies (past and present funds). Selected based on their association with IFC and their willingness to share their insight and experiences, these firms offer a valuable window into the importance of corporate governance from an investor's perspective. The material in this report is based on feedback gathered through individual interviews with each organization featured, resulting in well-considered responses. The achievements highlighted are all the more notable given that the interviews and information gathering process took place in in late 2009 (first edition) and 2013 (for current edition), when the region was still under the stress of the crisis
    DOI: 10.1596/24790
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    Making the Most of Ports in West Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: Ports have always played an essential role in this highly trade-dependent region. While there are still wide disparities in terms of throughput volumes and capacity, traffic has been growing rapidly in most countries over the last decade. Overall, total throughput in West Africa grew from around 105 million tons in 2006 to 165 million tons in 2012. Likewise, containerized traffic remains limited in West Africa compared to other regions but has grown faster than in any other region in the world over the last five years. The combined throughput of container terminals in the region reached almost 5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2013, twice as much as a decade ago, and is expected to keep growing fast. The future throughput of West African ports comprises the demand for containerized trade generated by coastal and landlocked countries, and additional port movements generated by transshipment in regional hub(s). Given the regional dynamics of ports in West Africa, there is also a good case for more cooperation between West African countries on port reform, competition and regulation. Strengthening the capacity and mandate of regional institutions such as the ECOWAS Commission on these issues would complement regulatory efforts at the country level and provide a forum to analyze regional issues related to inter-port competition and private sector participation in port management
    DOI: 10.1596/24982
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    Keeping Girls in School : A Review of the Global Evidence (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Gender gaps in education have closed in almost all countries, especially at the primary level. In fact, these gaps have reversed in many countries in secondary education, especially in Latin America, the Caribbean, and East Asia, where it is now boys and young men who are disadvantaged. Despite the overall progress, however, primary and secondary school enrollments for girls remain much lower than for boys for disadvantaged populations in many Sub-Saharan countries and some parts of South Asia (World Bank 2012). One of the key messages of the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development is that much of the progress was possible when the removal of a single barrier was sufficient to make significant gains. Three main areas where this has been possible are: (i) increasing returns to education for women; (ii) removing institutional constraints; and (iii) increasing household incomes. In this policy brief, we summarize the extant evidence in these three areas and draw some policy conclusions
    DOI: 10.1596/23866
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    Adolescent Girls in Zambia : Executive Summary (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Adolescence (defined here as 10 to 19 years of age) is a time of transition that fosters both challenges and opportunities. Choices made during adolescence not only have immediate consequences but also greatly influence the economic opportunities, health outcomes, and skill sets attained later in life. Yet adolescence is also a period when social norms create pathways defined largely by gender. During adolescence, gendered roles and responsibilities often create opportunities for males, but curtail them for girls. Zambia's persistently high fertility combined with decreasing mortality is not only causing high population growth but also creating a large share of youth dependents, giving way to higher dependency ratios which result in low investments in human capital and productivity. In Zambia, adolescents make up a substantial 24 percent of the population, and the already large number of adolescents is expected to more than double in the upcoming decades from 3.7 million to 9.8 million in 2050, adding challenges for society to provide health, education and job training services to prepare them for a productive future
    DOI: 10.1596/24576
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    Summary Note on Technical Assistance Provided in Support of the Greater Harare Water and Sanitation Strategic Plan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: The severe conditions in Zimbabwe, which reached a nadir in 2008 and 2009, led to a collapse of basic systems including the reliability and safety of water supply and sanitation services, leading to an outbreak of cholera with more than 4,000 deaths and over 90,000 people infected. The World Bank provided Technical Assistance (TA) to the City of Harare to improve water and sanitation services in the period October 2012 to June 2014 to the value of approximately 600,000 US dollars. This Summary Note summarizes the key elements of the work undertaken and makes a set of recommendations to the City of Harare, the adjacent local authorities of Chitungwiza, Epworth, Norton and Ruwa, and Government of Zimbabwe to inform a strategic plan to improve water and Sanitation services in the greater Harare area. This Summary Note also sets out the context at the commencement of the TA, summarizes the work undertaken in the TA and the outcomes from this work, and makes recommendations for the way forward
    DOI: 10.1596/24795
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    The Use of Video in Teacher Professional Development : Design, Implementation and Impact Evaluation of an Innovative In-service Course for Mathematics Teachers in Indonesia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The Ministry of Education and Culture (MOEC) and the World Bank jointly conducted a large-scale video study to gain a better understanding of what takes place in the classroom, particularly in terms of the practices involved in the teaching of mathematics and the relationship of these practices with student learning outcomes. The study involved the production of more than 600 hours of video footage of 205 eighth grade mathematics teachers across Indonesia while these teachers were engaged in their day-to-day classroom activities. The study was conducted in two phases, in 2007 and 2011 respectively, with the produced video footage forming the basis for detailed coding and analysis. This study provided many important insights into the teaching practices of mathematics teachers, identifying both relative strengths and areas for improvement. The study focused on five key dimensions that frame classroom practices in the teaching of mathematics, these being: (i) the structure of lessons; (ii) the content of lessons; (iii) the actions of participants; (iv) instructional practices; and (v) classroom climate and resources. Key areas of teaching practice were explored in depth, including the nature and quality of teacher-student interaction; the quality and effectiveness of the language used in instruction; teachers' management of students' questions; teachers' management of student misconceptions; the time teachers spent on different tasks; and the manner in which they combined different techniques and approaches in the instruction of their students. Mathematical problems were explored in terms of the problem type, problem approach and level of complexity. The study also assessed teachers' beliefs and the level of teachers' knowledge to determine the relationship of these factors with the teaching practices they used and with student learning outcomes
    DOI: 10.1596/24782
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    Accounting Vouchers and Principles of Bookkeeping : Expectations in 21st Century (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The current regulations and practices related to accounting vouchers and bookkeeping in Poland, including cross-cutting tax regulations, were assessed and compared with selected EU countries (France, Germany and UK). The study was undertaken at the request of the Polish Ministry of Finance, and funded under the Financial Reporting Technical Assistance Program (FRTAP), to contribute to efforts to enhance harmonization with other relevant regulations, reduce unnecessary requirements and red tape for entities (especially SMEs and micro entities), and to reflect current and potential future technology changes whilst retaining control over diligence and quality of bookkeeping. The content, quality and scope of legislation in this area was found to be generally good. In contrast to the other countries studied, however, it takes a detailed, prescriptive approach. The report suggests moving away from setting detailed requirements and towards the development of a clear general framework. This would help preserve the quality of bookkeeping and accounting practices but reduce the need for continuous amendments to regulations to keep pace with changing circumstances, for example technological changes. It would also create space for more liberalization and greater flexibility for market practitioners and would be in keeping with the approach adopted in the other countries looked at. The report identifies gaps and inconsistencies in the areas of accounting policy and maintenance of books; accounting vouchers; financial statements; storage; provision of bookkeeping services; and information technology (IT) and makes a number of suggestions to address these
    DOI: 10.1596/24799
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    The Art and Science of Benefit Sharing in the Natural Resource Sector (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to theunderstanding and discussion of how the costs andbenefits of natural resource development are sharedacross society. This paper presents how IFC, as both aninvestor and a development organization, determineswhether benefits and costs are shared reasonably, and how this assessment influences IFC's decision to invest ina particular natural resource project. the goal of the paper is to promotea broad, constructive dialogue across stakeholders-governments, investors, civil society, and others-around benefit sharing. The paper draws on IFC's experience and presents anoverarching framework for multi-stakeholder benefitsharing, providing analysis and guidance for a range ofcomplex topics. The paper is intended to provide entrypoints for stakeholders of varying levels of familiarity with the issues to benefit-sharing assessment. The paper is not a definitive manual for all the issues coveredfor which more detailed, high-quality and excellentreferences and literature exists. This paper is organized along these broad areas of impact that IFC considers in the benefit sharing assessment:fiscal, economic, environmental, and social. The approaches IFC uses to evaluate benefit sharing arepresented in each area, along with some lessons learned. This is complemented by a discussion of key issues thatare topical in the field. Each chapter opens with a list of questions that can be used as a guide to assess the potential benefits and costs of an investment. As a result, there is a spectrum of what can be considered reasonable overall. However, there may be particular features of a benefit-sharing arrangement that stand out and can signal a risk to its legitimacy. Our aspiration is that this paper will complement as well as stimulate work by others that can enhance the collective knowledge and encourage dialogue
    DOI: 10.1596/24793
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    Private Sector Delivery of Rural Piped Water Services in Bangladesh : A Review of Experience, 2003-2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This note explores the Bangladesh experience in implementing the widespread use of a private operator model for building and operating rural piped water schemes. Since the early 1990s, the World Bank has, through a series of development projects, designed, piloted, and attempted to scale up use of the model as a mechanisms to address the very real issues of arsenic contamination and delivery at scale. The latest of these projects is still in implementation. The experience with these projects to date has been disappointing, and while a limited number of schemes are still in operation, the model has not been replicated in a large number of communities as intended and has not proved to be particularly sustainable. Over this same period, the government and other development partners also have been using alternative methods to deliver the same kinds of services in rural areas. Some of these efforts seem to have been modestly successful. However, much of the evidence about the performance of these other models is anecdotal and there has been little rigorous analysis to compare the performance of these different models with the private sponsor approach. This paper attempts to do this on the basis of a desk review of existing World Bank literature, including project documents and research reports, coupled with interviews with key stakeholders and World Bank staff. The first section of the paper provides an overview of the rationale and key issues associated with efforts to scale up a private operator model in Bangladesh. The second section reviews government efforts and those of its other development partners, to use a more traditional mode of service provision, involving community management. The third, fourth, and fifth sections review efforts by the government and the World Bank to design, test, and scale up a private operator model for service provision. A sixth section reviews some of the international research that provides insights into the use of such models in other countries and sectors. The paper ends with tentative conclusions about the experience in Bangladesh, lessons learned, and several options for further analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/24784
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    Remarks at Plenary Session, Third International Conference on Financing for Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, July 13, 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discuss building on Ethiopia's legacy by presenting the world with a shared vision for substantially increasing funding for the world's poor. He talks about the need to be bold, creative, form strong partnerships, and find new resources to meet our goals of reducing poverty in the world. He talks about how the funding we leverage means more children will be educated, more patients will be treated, and more vital services will be provided. He concludes that we are part of a growing global movement that is the first generation in humankind that can end extreme poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/24301
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    Samoa Education Management Information Systems : SABER Country Report 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: In 2011, the World Bank Group commenced a multiyear program designed to support countries in systematically examining and strengthening the performance of their education systems. Part of the World Bank's new Education Sector Strategy, this evidence-based initiative, called SABER (Systems Approach for Better Education Results), uses diagnostic tools for examining education systems and their component policy domains against global standards and best practices and in comparison with the policies and practices of countries around the world. This report discusses the results of applying the SABER Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) tool in Samoa. The objectives of this report are to examine the system according to key policy areas, identify successes and challenges in the system, and provide recommendations to support the continued advancement of EMIS in Samoa. Samoa's system is assessed in the following six policy areas: (1) legal framework, (2) organizational structure and institutionalized processes, (3) human resources, 4) infrastructural capacity, (5) budget, and (6) data-driven culture. To conclude, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) profile (table 6) summarizes key points from the needs assessment and informs recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/24435
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    Providing Out-of-School Girls with Skills : Situation Analysis (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Skills development offers a range of benefits to out-of-school adolescent girls and alleviates a key obstacle to youth employment in developing countries. But do increased skills lead to delays in early marriage and pregnancy? Not always, according to the available empirical evidence. Although the global evidence base on skills training is growing, and despite a theoretical basis for the relationship between skills, employment and fertility, the documented impacts of skills interventions on fertility outcomes are still too limited to draw strong conclusions. The substantial heterogeneity of what constitutes a "skills" intervention contributes to the uncertainty. The strongest evidence is in support of holistic community-based programs that combine information on sexual and reproductive health with skills training and other financial and social assets. More research is needed to isolate the impacts of these different program components and disentangle the causal pathways leading to delays in marriage and pregnancy
    DOI: 10.1596/23867
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    Beyond Connections : Energy Access Redefined (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: This report from the Sustainable Energyfor All (SE4All) Knowledge Hub beyond connections energy access redefined conceptualizes a new multi-tier framework for defining and measuring access to energy. Binary metrics such as whether a household has an electricity connection, and whether a household cooks with nonsolid fuels don't help us understand the phenomenon of expanding energy access and how it impacts socioeconomic development. This report heralds a new definition and metric of energy access that is broader-it covers energy for households, productive engagements and community facilities, and focuses on the quality of energy being accessed. The multi-tier framework underlying Beyond Connections will prove to be a tool for measuring and goal-setting,investment prioritization, and tracking progress.Access to energy is a key enabler of socioeconomic development. Energy is needed for multifariousapplications across households, productive uses, and community infrastructure. "Universal access tomodern energy by 2030" has been proposed as one of the three key pillars of the Sustainable Energyfor All (SE4All) program, an initiative co-chaired by the United Nations (UN) Secretary General and the World Bank President. Achieving this goal would require a wide range of interventions by variousagencies. The success of such interventions depends in part on the ability to assess the level of access to energy-both for planning and investment, and, later, for tracking progress. SE4All's Global Tracking Framework (GTF) 2013 report introduced multi-tier frameworks for measuring energy access. It identified tasks for improved measurement of energy access over the medium term, including further development of the multi-tier frameworks
    DOI: 10.1596/24368
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    Bulgaria : Piloting Statistical Models for Estimation of Schools' Value-Added Using the Results from the National Assessments (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to document the process and summarize the results from the second phase of the pilot implementation of statistical models for measuring the value-added of Bulgarian schools through analysis of the national student' assessments results. This report presents the technical aspects of the pilot and the key outcomes in terms of value-added measure for each of the schools included in the analysis. It is intended to ensure the institutional memory for the pilots and to stimulate the discussions at technical level among experts and decision makers at the Ministry of Education and Science (MES), focusing on the relevance and applicability of the piloted statistical models, in the context of Bulgaria student assessment framework, and given the available data. The report documents all the data processing, adjustments, and procedures run as part of the school value added modeling
    DOI: 10.1596/24456
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    Indonesia Economic Quarterly, December 2015 : Reforming Amid Uncertainty (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: 2015 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Abstract: The Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and places these in a longerterm and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for Indonesia's economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. This paper discusses about the economic conditions of Indonesia for the year 2015. Emerging market assets rebounded in October 2015 after the sharp losses recorded in August and September, when the uncertainty about the Chinese economic slowdown and the U.S. interest rate outlook was particularly high. Despite a more favorable market sentiment, capital flows to emerging economies have remained weak and borrowing costs relatively high. In addition to tight financing conditions, Indonesia faced subdued external demand for its exports in the near term and persistently low commodity prices over the medium run. In 2015, fire in Indonesia cost nearly twice that of reconstruction following the 2004 tsunami in Aceh. Agriculture and forestry have sustained losses and damages in trillions. Sustained exposure to haze could also lead to the volcano effect, id est, a decrease in plant productivity in the short term due to limited sun exposure and a deleterious effect on plant physiology and photosynthesis. The recurring nature of Indonesia's fire crisis is of particular concern. Another potential step in Indonesia's new reform process was the country's signaling its intention to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement in the near future. Whether membership materializes or not, the agreement is likely to have a limited impact on trade, because import tariffs in member countries are already low and Indonesia has trade agreements with most of them
    DOI: 10.1596/24437
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    Improving the Effectiveness of TalentCorp's Initiatives : Assessment of Returning Expert Program and Residence Pass-Talent (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The information contained in this summary report reflects the analysis and assessment that have been undertaken beginning January 2013 mainly to assess the effectiveness of TalentCorp's efforts to attract and retain global talent through its Returning Expert Program (REP) and Residence Pass-Talent (RP-T). The initial research included various activities aimed at improving the client's ability to meet its mandate. The main activities completed were as follows: (1) creation of a platform to identify and monitor local labor market conditions and human capital/talent needs; (2) creation of a profile of the Malaysian diaspora living abroad; (3) creation and implementation of two surveys, both surveys focused on gauging the attractiveness of working in Malaysia and were targeted at the Malaysian diaspora and foreign talent living in Malaysia; (4) an impact evaluation of the REP, which aims to facilitate highly skilled members of the Malaysian professionals abroad back to Malaysia; and (5) an assessment of the effectiveness of the RP-T Program, which aims to retain foreign talent in Malaysia. In both the impact evaluation and the assessment, the main questions investigated are whether these programs effectively attract/retain talent
    DOI: 10.1596/24453
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    The New Horizon in Education : From Access to Quality (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discuss equity and learning in education that should be integral to our final push to end extreme poverty by 2030. He speaks about education that also raises productivity in the informal sector and is associated with better health and resilience. He talks about educated women and girls who can be particularly effective agents of socio-economic change. He also talks about the need for development financing and technical expertise to effect radical change in the quality of labor. He highlights about technology that can be used to leapfrog current practices, plugging isolated teachers and students into connected classrooms of the twenty first century. He concludes by saying that education is a public good and a fundamental right is essential to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity
    DOI: 10.1596/24305
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    Global Financing Facility in Support of Every Woman Every Child (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: The Global Financing Facility (GFF) in support of Every Woman Every Child, was launched at the Third International Conference on Financing for Development in July 2015. The facility helps close the funding gap for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health, to provide smart, scaled and sustainable financing to accelerate efforts to end preventable maternal, newborn, child and adolescent deaths by 2030. Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, strongly believes that healthy women and children enable healthy economies, political stability and forward momentum. They are our smartest investment, when we invest wisely
    DOI: 10.1596/24303
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    A Global Perspective : Tackling Three 'Intractable' Challenges Facing the World (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, at Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, discuss applying the world's best ideas, knowledge, and experience in development to accomplish the World Bank Group's twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030, and boosting shared prosperity. He speaks about helping the poor and vulnerable in low- and middle-income countries in the world not only for poverty reduction within their borders, but is important for growth around the world, especially going forward. He talks about the strategy to invest in people, especially through education and health. He stresses investments in girls and women as particularly important because they have a multiplier effect on the well-being of the extreme poor. He speaks about protecting people from deadly pandemics especially in developing countries. He insists the students that they must apply what they have learned, and must do, for the sake of the poorest, for the children, and for the sake of our humanity
    DOI: 10.1596/24320
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    Creating a Framework for Public-Private Partnership Programs : A Practical Guide for Decision-makers (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Public private partnerships (PPP) represent an approach to procuring infrastructure services that is radically different from traditional public procurement. It moves beyond the client-supplier relationship when government hires private companies to supply assets or a service. PPP is a partnership between public and private to achieve a solution, to deliver an infrastructure service over the long term. It combines the strength of the public sector's mandate to deliver services and its role as regulator and coordinator of public functions with the private sector's focus on profitability and therefore commercial efficiency. There is a tendency to approach reform of the PPP framework as a single action, generally delivered by external consultants in one massive report, with a few workshops and training sessions (in an effort to deliver the guidance in a more digestible form). Achieving a viable PPP framework involves a complex series of parallel, iterative initiatives, and efforts. It involves updating the different elements of the PPP framework discussed in this text as each new lesson is learned from PPP transactions as they are implemented and national best practice as it develops. Section one introduces the framework required to support PPP and provides a summary of the text. Sections two to six describes five key elements of the PPP framework and what the government can do to improve them
    DOI: 10.1596/22822
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    Verification of Performance in Results-Based Financing : The Case of Panama's Health Protection for Vulnerable Populations (PSPV) Program (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: Verification differentiates results-based financing (RBF) from other health-financing mechanisms, and it is considered an important process of RBF program design and implementation. Despite the vital role it plays in RBF, not much has been written about verification as a process, and information about different elements of the process, frequency, cost, and direct and indirect effects among others, is scarce. Panama's Health Protection for Vulnerable Populations Program (PSPV) uses an RBF mechanism to deliver health services to the country's rural poor. As in many RBF schemes, a major component of the PSPV is the verification of results. This study focuses on PSPV's verification process, highlights its results and their application, and identifies lessons learned. Such information is useful to policy makers and technical experts interested in or designing RBF mechanisms
    DOI: 10.1596/24448
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    Institutional Arrangements for Financial Consumer Protection (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: There is growing evidence that financially inclusive countries are more financially stable and exhibit better micro- and macro-economic conditions conducive to financial well-being of individual consumers. In order to produce significant economic and societal benefits, financial inclusion needs to be promoted in an environment where it is safe for consumers to use financial services and products. Strong financial consumer protection (FCP) helps ensure that the growing use of financial services benefits consumers and does not create undue risks while also supporting financial stability, integrity, and inclusion objectives. Building upon the fifteen most recent World Bank diagnostic reviews and informed by key guidance and relevant research, this note deals exclusively with institutional arrangements for FCP that refer to the number, capacity, organization, structure, resources, and processes of the agency(ies) responsible for FCP regulation and supervision of financial institutions. Institutional arrangements are one of the key determinants of efficiency and ultimate success of any FCP framework. This note is intended to assist policymakers, regulators, and supervisors seeking to establish new institutional arrangements or strengthen the existing ones in their respective countries. The note discusses importance of FCP, main models around the world, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as principal challenges faced by FCP agencies
    DOI: 10.1596/25196
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    Costa Rica's Development : From Good to Better (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Abstract: Costa Rica stands out for being among the most politically stable, progressive, prosperous, and environmentally conscious nations in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Its development model has brought important economic, social, and environmental dividends, with sustained growth, upward mobility for a large share of the population, important gains in social indicators, and significant achievements in reforestation and conservation. However, there are a number of development challenges that need to be addressed to maintain the country's successful development path. This Systematic Country Diagnostic takes stock of the poverty, inequality, and growth trends, addressing the following questions: To what extent has the Costa Rican development model been inclusive? What has driven growth in Costa Rica in recent years, and what are the bottlenecks that need to be addressed? How sustainable is the development model of Costa Rica economically, socially, and environmentally?
    DOI: 10.1596/22023
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    Peru - Selected Issues in Fiscal Policy : Taxation and Equity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Equity ; Fiscal Policy ; Inequality ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Tax Evasion ; Tax Law ; Tax Reform ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This report takes an in-depth look, from a policy perspective, at the trade-offs between increasing tax collection and improving the equity of the fiscal system. As part of this effort, the report places the Peruvian tax system in an international context and considers the key challenges the government is facing in its drive to increase revenue. It also conducts qualitative and quantitative analyses of the impact of taxes and transfers on inequality and on the distribution of income. The report then makes several policy proposals that would increase tax collection without jeopardizing equity, and it then simulates the impacts of these changes on collection and equity. This advice spanned the 2012-2014 period, and included research on several tax policy-related issues, such as legal advice on double-taxation treaties and in-depth analyses of tax exemptions. To keep the focus tight, some of the work is not included in this report. Contributions were originally written in Spanish to provide the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) with timely advice on the subject and were discussed with the counterparts during and immediately after its preparation. As a result of prioritizing this process, two teams focused on different areas of research and were able to contribute to the analytical base behind the ongoing tax reform. The report summarizes the main elements of this process and resulting advice. It comes out at the same time as the finance ministry announces the first set of tax reforms that were informed by this work
    DOI: 10.1596/36221
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    Uganda Country Economic Memorandum : Economic Diversification and Growth in the Era of Oil and Volatility (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Abstract: The objective of the Ugandan government is to make Uganda an upper - middle income country within thirty years. Economic diversification is a key component of that strategy. The country economic memorandum (CEM) report discusses how the emergence of oil and mineral production can contribute to Uganda's effort to promote economic diversification as a means to achieve sustainable and shared growth. Based on the lessons from international experience, the report outlines the elements of a development and diversification strategy, which the Ugandan government may wish to consider in the design of its macroeconomic, fiscal, and sectoral development policies. It then focuses on the set of policies required to maximize the benefits of a diversification strategy in an oil-producing country. Finally it describes a series of actions which the government should plan, and carry out to deal with a number of specific implementation issues. The first part of the report focuses on the importance of economic diversification for Uganda and on the prospects and challenges of oil and mineral development. It addresses the following three issues: (a) why diversification is important for economic development?; (b) where Uganda stands in that area and why it should give a new impetus to its diversification strategy?; and (c) what are the prospects, possible impact, and challenges associated to oil and mining development for Uganda's economy?
    DOI: 10.1596/24789
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    Student Finance : Learning from Global Best Practice and Financial Innovations (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Demand is also fueled by other factors: in many emerging economies a 'demographic dividend' of young people, the product of significant reductions in child and infant mortality rates-is poised to enter education and work. And, according to the 2014 Millennium Development Goals report, nearly 90 percent of children in developing regions are on track to complete primary education. The shift from agricultural to knowledge-based economies also plays a significant role in creating demand for higher learning. The purpose of the study was to identify key success factors in private sector student lending in order to support IFC in understanding, and potentially making investments, in student lending across a range of emerging markets. The study examined 70 student lending models globally as well as a range of innovative financial models. Detailed case studies were developed for eight compelling and diverse private sector student lending models. The study also highlighted a range of innovative financial models including crowd funding, big box banking, social impact bonds, and other mechanisms. The purpose of this investigation of innovative financial models was to see what leading-edge methods might be at work in other sectors and to see if they might offer inspiration to student lending
    DOI: 10.1596/24775
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    The South Africa Agriculture Public Expenditure Review (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: This South African Agricultural Public Expenditure Review (AgPer) is one of a series of similar studies undertaken in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) of the African Union's (AU) New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) which encourages governments and development partners (DPs) to target public expenditure on the agriculture sector as the most effective way of stimulating growth. The overall purpose of the budget tracking and public expenditure review is to provide recommendations to address budgetary planning, budget execution, and accountability in the agricultural sector, the creation of a reliable data base, and more effective intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. It is also aimed at stimulating increased resource allocations and to enhance the harmonization and alignment of resources around national and provincial priorities in the agricultural sector. The report aims to produce the following outputs: foundation data set for understanding reflecting the COFOG and South African nomenclature in budgeting; synthesis of the level, composition and quality of budget; and recommendations for enhancement of the budget tracking process
    DOI: 10.1596/24794
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    Madagascar Public Expenditure Review 2015 : Education (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: Management of the primary education system in Madagascar follows a centralized model, supported by de-concentrated services. Education is divided into (a) preschool, (b) 5 years of primary education, (c) 4 years of lower secondary, (d) 3 years of upper secondary, and (e) higher education. An important feature of the Malagasy education system is the relatively well developed framework for school-based management. The school management committees (FAFs, Fiaraha-miombon'Antoka ho amin'ny Fampandrosoana ny sekoly) consist of parents, teachers, the school director, and representatives from the local community. They have been in existence in each school since 2002, when the government started providing annual grants to schools on a per capita basis to cover part of schools' operating expenses. The FAFs are responsible for managing these grants, and play a critical role in improving accountability of service delivery and promoting community engagement and social dialogue among local stakeholders. The FAFs are also increasingly participating in the financing of school operations, including hiring and paying community teachers and financing basic supplies. Trends in contributions from school committees in the financing of education are examined in details later in the paper
    DOI: 10.1596/24449
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    Keeping Girls in School : Situation Analysis for Zambia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: International evidence indicates that keeping girls in school positively impacts their life trajectory and benefits the well-being of the next generation. Zambia has made progress in increasing overall enrollment rates, but additional effort is still needed to ensure that adolescent girls stay in school and complete their education. Starting in the upper grades of primary school, adolescent girls are more likely to drop out of school than their male counterparts with pregnancy, early marriage, and financial constraints frequently cited as the main reasons. There are also noticeable difference in enrollment of Zambian girls across regions and social status. Several on-going initiatives are helping to reduce school fees and create a more supportive school environment, but more information is needed on the current government and non-government programs in place. The quickly growing adolescent population in Zambia will require targeted investments with adequate support mechanisms to keep girls in school and complete a quality education
    DOI: 10.1596/23865
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    Report on the Simulation of Low Carbon Green Growth Policies, including the Results of Impact Assessment and Final Policy Recommendations (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment presents a synthesis of analysis to contribute to the definition of a lower carbon and greener growth path for Romania to 2050. The objective of Romania's green growth path is to implement mitigation actions and undertake needed adaptation while preserving growth and employment. Romania has maintained a steady growth in output while containing the growth of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. From now to 2050, real incomes in Romania are expected to continue to grow, and its carbon emissions are expected to continue declining. Romania can meet the targets of the green scenario with only modest costs to growth and employment, European Union (EU) emissions trading for energy-intensive sectors sets a uniform price for GHG allowances, which generates an efficient allocation across countries of mitigation actions in those sectors. The difficulty of meeting the tighter targets for mitigation set out in the green and super green scenarios will be eased significantly by improvements in energy efficiency. Proactive measures to promote smart urban development in Bucharest and other urban areas, including more compact city design, transport-oriented development that changes modal-split, upgrades to a more efficient vehicle stock, and policies promoting building efficiency upgrades, can deliver sizable reductions in annual energy spending and emission levels
    DOI: 10.1596/24783
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    Principles for Effective Insolvency and Creditor/Debtor Regimes, Revised 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Insolvency Assessment
    Abstract: Effective creditor/debtor rights and insolvency systems are an important element of financial system stability. The World Bank Group accordingly has been working with partner organizations to develop principles for insolvency and creditor/debtor rights systems. The Principles for Effective Insolvency and Creditor/Debtor Rights Systems (the Principles) are a distillation of international best practice on design aspects of these systems, emphasizing contextual, integrated solutions and the policy choices involved in developing those solutions.Based on the experience gained from the use of the Principles, and following extensive consultations, the publication has been thoroughly reviewed and updated in 2005, 2011 and 2015. The revised Principles contained in this document have benefited from wide consultation and, more importantly, from the practical experience of using them in the context of the Bank's assessment and operational work
    DOI: 10.1596/23356
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    Support to Rural Sanitation Scale Up Under the Philippine National Sustainable Sanitation Plan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This report summarizes the results and lessons learned from the Technical Assistance (TA) Support to Rural Sanitation Scale Up under the Philippine National Sustainable Sanitation Plan. The TA was carried out by the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program from July 2012 to March 2016, and is part of a larger programmatic assistance by the Bank to the Government of the Philippines in framing relevant institutional and financial reforms by key sector agencies and in strengthening the government's capacity to accelerate delivery of basic water and sanitation services particularly to the poor. This synthesis report provides recommendations to consolidate and accelerate the scaling up rural sanitation initiative focusing on priorities for World Bank engagement and alignment with the incoming government's overall strategic direction
    DOI: 10.1596/24791
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    Remarks at the Foreign Correspondents Club of Japan, Tokyo, March 13, 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the two goals that shape the mission of the World Bank Group: ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity. He speaks the need to accelerate a kind of economic growth that's more inclusive, socially sustainable, and protects the environment. He talks about climate change. The frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme climatic events will increase. Droughts, earthquakes, and typhoons will only become worse in the future. He appreciates Japan's focus on doing things before a disaster strikes, as it saves lives and money. He talks about working to refocus developing countries on prevention and preparedness when it comes to disaster risk management. He commends Japan that has been supportive of the World Bank Group's efforts to make innovative financing mechanisms available to governments of developing countries. He appreciates Japan's contribution towards Ebola crisis. He concludes by saying that the Japan's accumulated wisdom has shown the world that taking the proper precautions can save thousands of lives as well as billions of dollars in lost economic growth
    DOI: 10.1596/24308
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    Financing for Gender Equality : Results and Good Practices (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group. The Third International Conference on Financing for Development represents an important milestone in efforts to achieve universal and sustainable development as we move beyond 2015 and introduce a new set of Sustainable Development Goals. This event aims to mobilize high-level political support for financing gender equality and women's empowerment, drawing on global good practices. He discusses the array of financing sources-private, public, domestic, and international-and policy changes needed to realize the vision of transformative gender equality and women's empowerment
    DOI: 10.1596/24298
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    Creating Opportunity and Prosperity in East Asia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the opportunities and challenges facing the economic development of Indonesia and East Asia, and how the World Bank Group can help end extreme poverty and foster share prosperity more widely in the region. He remarked that the progress most admired about Indonesia is its accomplishment in reducing extreme poverty. The Group has aligned its work with two goals -- to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent of the population in low- and middle-income countries. The Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Mandiri, or PNPM, has helped distribute the gains from this growth more equitably across the population. He concludes saying that, we can make sure your successes help build a more just and equal world
    DOI: 10.1596/24337
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    Opening Remarks at Press Conference in Beijing, China, July 17, 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: These remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discuss the Chinese economy, China's global role in development, and the latest report on health care reform. He appreciated China, that remains the largest contributor to world growth since the global financial crisis. He talks about the progress made by China in several reforms, including lower credit growth, better regulation of shadow banking, and better management of local government borrowing and these reforms hold the key to its continued economic success. He addresses huge infrastructure needs that are critical to end poverty, reducing inequality, and boosting shared prosperity in the world and China's committment to support financially for the same. He concludes by talking about more efficient health care system in China that will lead to a healthier population, boost economic growth and become an engine for job creation
    DOI: 10.1596/24296
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    Adolescent Girls in Zambia : Introduction and Overview (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Adolescence is a time of transitions that foster both challenges and opportunities. Indeed, choices made during adolescence not only have immediate consequences but also greatly influence the economic opportunities, health outcomes, and skill sets attained later in life, and yet it is the same period when social norms create pathways largely defined by gender. Poverty and ethnic minority status can further magnify gender discrepancies for youth worldwide, as reductions in household spending on education, health care, and nutrition are often more likely to affect adolescent girls than boys. In Zambia, adolescents make up 24% of the total population, a substantial proportion that is expected to become higher than neighboring countries if current trends continue. The high prevalence of child marriage and teenage pregnancy among Zambian girls greatly contributes to the high fertility and population growth trends, and is also closely interrelated with a range of economic and socio-cultural determinants that perpetuate a vicious cycle for the poorest and most vulnerable girls and have costly consequences for them and for the nation as a whole. In order to initiate the potential for a demographic dividend, Zambia will need to initiate a demographic transition. Reducing child marriage and teenage pregnancy can significantly contribute to the fertility declines needed to accelerate this demographic transition and would lead to better life outcomes for adolescent girls and better opportunities for the next generation. Accordingly, this series of policy briefs focuses on four key areas of interventions (or pillars) as follows: (i) maintaining girls in school; (ii) equipping out-of-school girls with skills; and (iii) beginning a family and supporting girls to adopt healthy lifestyles; and (iv) addressing the child development needs of children born to teenage mothers
    DOI: 10.1596/24597
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    Transitioning from Status to Needs Based Assistance for Georgia IDPs : A Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: This report presents to the Government of Georgia (GoG) an analysis of the implications of potential policy changes to internally displaced person (IDP) assistance. A pressing question for policy makers in Georgia is the sustainability of status-based IDP assistance and what efforts can be made to tailor this assistance to favor the poor and vulnerable. Elimination of the IDP benefit has been subject to debate among policymakers. The World Bank has worked with the government to support improvements to the socioeconomic situation of IDPs in Georgia since 2008. The IDP Community Development Project, implemented between 2009-2012 improved service delivery, infrastructure, and livelihoods in over 40 IDP communities. Evidence on the socio-economic needs of IDPs has been collected by both government and donors; yet no comprehensive research has been conducted to critically compare their situation to that of the overall population. The objective of this research is to generate more evidence on the significance of the IDP benefit, and consequences that may be expected if this benefit is removed, in order to inform future policy decisions of the GoG in this regard. The report examines: (i) the policy and institutional framework and considerations that may support or obstruct a shift in IDP assistance; (ii) quantitative evidence on the socio-economic situation of IDPs as compared to non-IDPs in Georgia; and (iii) qualitative evidence on the significance of the IDP benefit, attitudes towards the benefit program, and vulnerabilities that may arise from its potential elimination. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for mitigating negative poverty and social impacts, should the government pursue a decision to remove the IDP benefit program
    DOI: 10.1596/24412
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    Women in Agriculture : The Impact of Male Out-Migration on Women's Agency, Household Welfare, and Agricultural Productivity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: Migration is transforming rural economies, landscapes, and potentially, gender relations. Migration is one of the drivers of the so-called feminization of agriculture in Latin America. This feminization has relevance for everyone given agriculture's role in regional food security, national shared prosperity, and household resilience to shocks. The objective of this study is to investigate the feminization of agriculture as well as its implications for women's agency, household welfare, and agricultural productivity. This report provides some introduction to women in agriculture, lays out the study methodology, and provides background information on migration, women, and agriculture in Guatemala. Women's role in agriculture is even more crucial in Guatemala, which suffers from the double burden of chronic malnutrition and obesity. This analysis seeks to investigate the impact of male migration on agriculture, but also its implications for women's agency and agricultural productivity, as mediated by factors such as land tenure and access to agricultural extension services. This analysis seeks to better understand how male out-migration is influencing women's agency in agriculture; to understand if, when women are in control of their farms, it changes the types of decisions they make and thus the results that they obtain; and finally, to get a better sense of how these differences in agency (if any) lead to better or worse livelihood outcomes for the farm household. This study is based on a quantitative field survey conducted in August 2014, as well as qualitative focus groups and interviews conducted in May 2014 to test the questionnaire
    DOI: 10.1596/22386
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    Mozambique Energy Sector Policy Note (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: This Energy Sector Policy Note is intended to support the Government of Mozambique in determining priorities for policy decisions with the aim of delivering efficiently produced, technically and financially sustainable electricity supply to the Mozambican population. To support the development of recommendations, this Note includes simulation analysis based on the current finances of the sector. Electricidade de Macambique's (EDM) corporate financial model was adapted for this work. Targets for electrification are based on discussions with government officials. EDM's current generation pipeline and its timing was taken as a given in order to simulate investment needs and evolution of sector finances under various tariff and funding availability assumptions. The various simulations and the broader sector quantitative and qualitative discussion should support policy formulation and prioritization going forward. The power sector in Mozambique faces three key challenges: i) to provide reliable and efficient electricity supply to its customers; ii) to cope with the increase in the electricity demand from its current (and future) customer base by expanding its generation and transmission capacity; and, iii) to provide access to electricity to the vast majority of the population. The importance of the timing of new generation to export power to South Africa also points to the importance of the backbone transmission project to evacuate the power from the center of the country - thereby enabling exports. Increasing access in line with Government targets will require major investments. The Government needs to consider the trade-offs between the ambition of the access targets imposed upon EDM and the sector's broader financial viability for carrying out operations, maintenance and investment. Relaxation of the access target so that the 50 percent target is achieved by 2030 instead of 2023 gives EDM more liquidity in the first years
    DOI: 10.1596/24441
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    Mali Financial Sector Assessment : Development Module (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Abstract: Mali is a vast, land-locked country in West Africa with a population of approximately 14.9 million, and a GDP per capita of USD 480. The economy is largely rural, with over two-thirds of the population living off agriculture, notably cotton. Gold is the country's largest export, though production has been declining and the industry faces an uncertain future as proven reserves are limited. The service sector, which represents 40 percent of GDP, is dominated by trade and commerce. Mali's dependence on crops and gold makes it vulnerable to terms of trade shocks. Industry, which employs just 3 percent of the active population, consists largely of small-scale food processing and textile plants. The overwhelming majority of the population (over 90 percent) works in the informal sector. The FSAP Development Module focused on: i) the banking sector and legal framework (credit to the economy); ii) microfinance; iii) agricultural finance; iv) insurance; and v) housing finance2. The mission carried out in-depth assessments on each topic and provided recommendations aiming at mitigating financial vulnerabilities and supporting the development of the financial sector (i.e. development the credit to the economy while insuring financial stability)
    DOI: 10.1596/24582
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    Building Regulation for Resilience : Managing Risks for Safer Cities (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The global toll of human suffering and material loss due to disasters has led to growing public concern and expanded institutional response in the form of disaster relief and recovery assistance from individuals, governments, and intergovernmental organizations. Initial humanitarian concern has primarily been focused on dealing with the consequences of disasters. However, we must begin to address the causes of these events while ensuring the implementation of policies to reduce disaster risks or losses. Low- and middle-income countries will experience a doubling of their building stocks in the next 15- 20 years, and it is crucial to assure that this new construction does not recreate and expand the disaster vulnerability of the present. Priority must be placed on the production of safe and resilient cities, communities, and homes. While safer, code-compliant construction may add to initial construction costs, these investments can be balanced against the reduced loss of life and property in future disasters. The agenda provides the international community with an opportunity to leverage regulatory governance as a powerful means to shift the focus from post-disaster relief and response to proactive population protection, disaster prevention, and sustainable and resilient urban development
    DOI: 10.1596/24438
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    Federal Republic of Nigeria Slum Upgrading, Involuntary Resettlement, Land and Housing : Lessons Learned from the Experience in Lagos and Other Mega-Cities (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Abstract: This report aims to extract lessons on slum upgrading and involuntary resettlement policies and practices learned from the process of addressing the Badia East case, which involved complex interactions between affected people, NGOs, the Bank and Lagos State Government. In doing so, this report will discuss the Local Government Support Programme (LMDGP) as a complex and rich case study from which to extract lessons on involuntary resettlement, land, housing and slum upgrading, as well as overall urban development issues, although it is by no means meant to be an evaluation of the LMDGP project itself nor of process that followed the submission of a request for inspection to the Inspection Panel. Rather, it intends to provide an in-depth analysis of, and make recommendations on urban land and housing issues and the modalities of urban sector engagement in mega-cities like Lagos with inefficient land markets. The report was based on an extensive desk-review of relevant documents on urban issues in Nigeria and Lagos and on the LMDGP; interviews conducted in Lagos and Abuja during the period of January 18-31, 2015 with a range of stakeholders; and a series of case-studies on relevant international experiences in the areas of slum upgrading, involuntary resettlement, land and housing
    DOI: 10.1596/25063
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    Armenia Skills toward Employment and Productivity : Survey Findings (Urban Areas) (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: Governments around the world assign top priority to job creation and productivity growth. Developing the right skills among potential and actual workers not only makes capital and labor more productive, it also makes the adoption and invention of new technologies possible. Recent research also indicates that skill acquisition has a long-lasting impact on the trajectory of a person's life and that inequality in skills is associated with inequality in income. Moreover, the proportion of non-agricultural low-earning jobs is high in Armenia. Low-earning jobs are defined as those that earn less than two-thirds of the median wage. By this criterion, one in four jobs in Armenia falls into this category, which represents a significantly higher share than that in most European countries, where the incidence of low pay is within the 15-20 percent range. The significant presence of informality in non-agricultural sectors is another factor that contributes to the low-productivity and low-earnings employment. To better understand skill shortages in Armenia, this report looks into the current demand for skills from the labor market, together with the landscape of skills formation and utilization in the country, using the newly available data from the World Bank's Skills Toward Employment and Productivity (STEP) household and employer surveys, which were undertaken in the country between 2012 and 2013. These extensive surveys sampled Armenia's urban population and firms. Based on these surveys, this report aims to provide a key diagnosis of skills demand and supply issues in Armenia, highlighting a few initial steps that need to be taken to build a highly productive Armenian labor force, one that can contribute to as well as benefit from the accelerated economic growth
    DOI: 10.1596/25199
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    Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth : What, Who, and How (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: A competitive city is a city that successfully facilitates its firms and industries to create jobs, raise productivity, and increase the incomes of citizens over time. Worldwide, improving the competitiveness of cities is a pathway to eliminating extreme poverty and to promoting shared prosperity. The primary source of job creation has been the growth of private sector firms, which have typically accounted for around 75 percent of job creation. Thus city leaders need to be familiar with the factors that help to attract, to retain, and to expand the private sector. This document aims to analyze what makes a city competitive and how more cities can become competitive
    DOI: 10.1596/23227
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    Republic of Armenia : Drivers of Dynamism (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to facilitate a productive policy dialogue in support of Armenia's efforts to build a more dynamic economy capable of thriving in an increasingly knowledge-driven global marketplace. The report supports the objectives of the Armenian government's national development strategy, which focuses on economic versatility and robust job creation. While Armenia faces a complex set of macroeconomic challenges, this report will concentrate on a select number of issues crucial to the creation of a more open, adaptable and resilient economy. Armenia's medium-term outlook is complicated by a mix of adverse domestic and external factors, but there is reason for cautious optimism. Despite its considerable progress over the past two decades Armenia is still struggling to free itself from the vestiges of central planning. As the period of macroeconomic adjustment following the global financial crisis comes to a close the authorities are renewing their efforts to build a sophisticated modern economy based on human-capital accumulation and technological innovation. Recognizing that Armenia is at a critical juncture in its development, this report identifies a number of reforms designed to increase competitiveness on both the supply and demand sides of the economy
    DOI: 10.1596/30213
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    Mutual Funds in Developing Markets : Addressing Challenges to Growth (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This World Bank publication provides an overview of mutual funds in developing countries, outlining their role in the financial sector; the different types of mutual funds; the structure of the mutual fund industry; and the industry's interdependency with other sectors such as pension funds and insurance companies. The report then outlines the key elements of the legal/regulatory/ taxation framework that typically governs mutual funds and identifies aspects of these frameworks that can drive the growth of mutual funds. Lastly, the report provides an analysis of key market drivers and impediments to mutual fund development. The report builds on five case studies of mutual fund industries in Brazil, Kenya, Morocco, Peru, Turkey, which are provided in the annex
    DOI: 10.1596/23234
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    Key Lessons from the PilotProgram for Climate Resilience : A Practical Resource for All Involved with Strategic Planning Processes and Mainstreaming of Climate Resilience (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The top 10 Key Lessons from the PPCR highlight critical and strategic aspects that need to be considered in resilience planning and implementation. These lessons underscore the importance of institutional arrangements; information on climate vulnerabilities; leveraging finance; transforming at scale; engaging stakeholders; dedicated learning fora; engaging private sector; core indicators and monitoring; responsiveness to country context; and where relevant regional programming. These findings and observations are not theoretical but based on real experiences of country counterparts and multi-lateral development bank (MDB) teams over the planning and early implementation phase of the PPCR. The Knowledge Product (KP) also provides links to detailed supporting materials for optimal use of the information in your work
    DOI: 10.1596/34622
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    LAC Poverty and Labor Brief, June 2015 : Working to End Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean: Workers, Jobs, and Wages (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464806858
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 pages)
    Series Statement: Latin America and Caribbean Poverty and Labor Brief
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Commodity Boom ; Equity ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Poverty ; Shared Prosperity ; Unskilled Labor ; Wages
    Abstract: While LAC continues its progress towards becoming a middle-class region, in 2013 poverty reduction was slower than in previous years. The bottom 40 percent of the population has also seen decelerating income growth since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Driving the lower gains in shared prosperity and poverty reduction is the region's slowing economic growth. Similarly, after more than a decade of steady decline, inequality has been stagnant since 2010 and remains high. Given the crucial role of labor earnings in poverty and inequality reduction, this report analyzes more deeply LAC's labor markets and its implications for the region's social gains going forward. It shows that the region's push to increase its human capital has yielded dividends; increases in the educational attainment of the labor force are evident across the region. Nonetheless, the substantial growth in wages observed during the last decade was not accompanied by significant changes in the labor market: agriculture and low-productivity, informal service employment continued to be key sources of income for the poor in LAC. Instead, most of the gains were seen in countries that benefitted from the commodity boom of the last decade. As the commodity boom fades and growth wanes, there is a risk that the social gains achieved in the century's first decade will erode
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    Environmental and Social Management System Implementation Handbook : Health Care Facilities (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Today, health care facilities are confronted with a number of significant envi-ronmental and social challenges. None of the challenges is insurmountable, but if not effectively assessed and managed, they will hurt the quality of your patient care, profitability, reputation, and prospects for future sustainability. Among these challenges are the increasing cost of energy and water, the growning power and influence of regulatory agencies, and rapidly evolving community awareness and concerns about environmental and social issues. These risks are in addition to the primary risk of failing to provide high-quality health care or build patient confidence. All of these risks ultimately have financial consequences and are driving forces that should motivate you to implement a management system for your health care facility. A management system will enable you to consistently foresee and address issues confronting your facility so you can prevent potential risks from becoming actual problems. Implementing an environmental and social management system (ESMS) can have direct financial benefits. Conserving and using energy and water more efficiently helps to reduce operational costs
    DOI: 10.1596/22783
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
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    India Land Governance Assessment : National Synthesis Report (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for India
    DOI: 10.1596/28513
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 84
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    Early Childhood Development : Situation Analysis for Zambia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Teenage pregnancies have potential negative consequences on the next generation. Children born to adolescent mothers are particularly at risk in terms of health, nutrition, cognitive and socio-emotional development. Evidence shows that the early years - especially the first 1,000 days - are crucially important for lifetime health, learning, and productivity. Particularly for the most vulnerable children and families, early childhood development (ECD) is a high return investment. This policy brief presents evidence on the health, nutrition and overall development of children in Zambia with a focus on those born to adolescent mothers. Analysis of issues such as infant and child mortality, malnutrition, incidence of illness, healthcare seeking behaviors, protective practices, late entry for school, pre-school experience and development are discussed
    DOI: 10.1596/23872
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 85
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    Mali Financial Sector Assessment Program : The Microfinance Sector (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Abstract: While the microfinance sector is extensively used in Mali (about 1 million members often based in rural areas), the sector has experienced a major crisis for over six years. The clean-up of the microfinance remains the most pressing priority for the Malian authorities and the adoption of the emergency plan for the microfinance sector is a key milestone to cleaning up the sector. While the plan addresses the main issues (restructuring or liquidation not viable MFIs; depositors indemnization mechanism; consolidation of active MFIs; reform and strengthening of the national supervisory body), but the implementation remains very challenging in a context of fiscal tightening and donor's reluctance to intervene. It is only the Government of Mali that can restore confidence in the sector, and only by undertaking the recommendations highlighted in the emergency plan. One of the most sensitive issues will be to manage the liquidation of a few important distressed institutions together with the indemnization of their depositors
    DOI: 10.1596/24270
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 86
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    Kenya Toward a National Crop and Livestock Insurance Program : Summary of Policy Suggestions (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: At the request of the government of Kenya and under its guidance, a team of national and international experts conducted an appraisal of different agricultural insurance options for Kenya.This appraisal, as set out in this document and the accompanying technical analysis, lays out the costs and benefits of developing large-scale agricultural insurance that involves both the public and private spheres.The analysis considers potential structures for large-scale agricultural insurance in Kenya, the fiscal cost to the government of Kenya, and the economic benefits for farmers and pastoralists. In order for it to partner with the private sector to prepare and implement a large scale agricultural insurance program, the government should consider taking the following next steps.The government of Kenya may build on there commendations by the Program Steering Committee to take the lead in formulating a national policy on agriculture insurance, in cooperation with county administrations and private insurance companies. The government of Kenya may develop a road map for establishing the institutions required for large-scale agricultural insurance programs, with the goal of covering at least a fifth of Kenya's agricultural producers. As next steps for establishing livestock insurance, the government of Kenya may decide how to integrate the proposed insurance product with other existing protection mechanisms. As next steps for crop insurance, the government of Kenya may seek consultations with agricultural banks and work with private sector insurers to develop a data audit system acceptable to international reinsurers
    DOI: 10.1596/24443
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 87
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    Ethiopia Women Agribusiness Leaders Network Impact Evaluation : Baseline Survey Report (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: The World Bank's Africa region gender innovation lab (GIL) conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) impact evaluation of the women in agribusiness leadership network (WALN), a transformational project implemented in Ethiopia by agricultural cooperative development international (ACDI) and volunteers in overseas cooperative assistance (VOCA), and supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). WALN, as a project, aims to increase participants' business skills and self-confidence, enabling them to be community leaders and change makers. WALN also seeks to improve agribusiness outcomes by addressing gender differences in productivity, profitability, participation, and leadership in the sector. The ongoing impact evaluation is assessing the impact of participating in WALN activities on the overall performance of the selected high-potential women leaders in the agribusiness sector. In order to assess and interpret the impact evaluation outcomes, it is important to understand the specific business environment, as well as the needs and constraints faced by local entrepreneurs. Outcome data for this impact evaluation is being collected through survey instruments, administrative data, intensive qualitative interviews, and implicit association tests (IATs)
    DOI: 10.1596/30314
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 88
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    Impact of Property Rights Reform to Support China's Rural-Urban Integration : Village-Level Evidence from the Chengdu National Experiment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Impact of Property Rights Reform to Support China's Rural-Urban Integration: Village-Level Evidence from the Chengdu National Experiment
    Abstract: As part of a national experiment, in 2008 Chengdu prefecture implemented ambitious property rights reforms, including complete registration of all land together with measures to ease transferability and eliminate labor market restrictions. This study uses a discontinuity design with spatial fixed effects to compare 529 villages just inside and outside the prefecture's border. The results suggest that the reforms increased tenure security, aligned land use closer to economic incentives, mainly through market transfers, and led to an increase in enterprise start-ups. These impacts, most of which are more pronounced for villages with lower travel time to Chengdu city, point toward high potential gains from factor market reform
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7389
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
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    Beginning a Family and Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle : Situation Analysis for Zambia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Policy Briefs
    Abstract: Decisions during youth have great long-term impacts on human development, which is key to poverty alleviation and economic development. During adolescence, two of the primary transitions are beginning a family and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Youth face many choices and challenges around these key decisions, such as when to initiate sex, when to marry, when to have children, and whether to engage in risky behaviors- all of which affect their future health and future opportunities. Consequences of these early decisions can have long-lasting effects on adolescents and their communities, potentially increasing public health costs and depleting human capital. This policy brief discusses a situation analysis of adolescent girls in Zambia with respect to these transitions and highlights the challenges they face. Specifically, issues of reproductive health (fertility, maternal health, use of family planning), early marriage, use of family planning, nutrition and risky behaviors are analyzed and presented
    DOI: 10.1596/23869
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 90
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    Debt Management Performance Assessment : Cote d'Ivoire (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Debt Management Performance Assessment
    Abstract: At the request of the Government of Cote d'Ivoire, a World Bank mission visited Abidjan on June 11 to 19, 2015, to conduct a second debt management assessment, following the first assessment done in June 2009. This mission provided an opportunity to assess the progress made with debt management since 2009, and to evaluate current performance against the new debt management performance assessment (DeMPA) methodology revised in May 2015, relative to the methodology used in June 2009. To provide an understanding of the comparison and tracking of progress noted, an annex to the report indicates the level of improvement or deterioration in the government's debt management performance. The DeMPA tool is based on a methodological approach that facilitates evaluation of performance using different indicators that bring together all debt management functions. These indicators cover the following areas of activity: (i) governance and strategy development; (ii) coordination with monetary and fiscal policies; (iii) borrowing and related financing activities; (iv) cash flow forecasting and cash balance management; and (v) operational risk management and the recording and monitoring of loan guarantees. The DeMPA assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each country's debt management without making recommendations or assumptions as to the potential effects of reforms under way
    DOI: 10.1596/33212
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 91
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    Speech at Migration and the Global Development Agenda Conference (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discussed the following topics. The Bank is helping many manage the humanitarian and development challenge. The Bank supports the global knowledge partnership on migration and development (KNOMAD), which helps countries develop evidence-based policy options and capacity to reap the benefits of migration. The future research agenda aims to build a database that identifies legal and policy restrictions that prevent countries from realizing migration's possibilities and to develop approaches to education and social policy that facilitate migrants' integration
    DOI: 10.1596/31106
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 92
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    Uniting Behind Universal Health Coverage (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, remarked that the Isay-Shima summit next May is our opportunity to finally act on the unfulfilled promise of Alma Ata, and move rapidly toward universal health coverage, and to prepare ourselves before the next pandemic hits. Accomplishing these twin goals will represent a quantum leap forward in people's health and economic wellbeing
    DOI: 10.1596/31107
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 93
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    Just Buying the Peace? : Subnational Spending, Institutional Innovation, and the Political Order in Timor-Leste (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Justice and Development Working Paper Series
    Abstract: In the wake of the country's political crisis and ensuing outbreak of violence in 2006, the newly elected government of Timor-Leste embarked upon a fivefold increase in public spending. This initiative is widely seen as an exemplar of 'buying the peace', in this case, deploying petroleum wealth for the sole purpose of 'offering cash payments and contracts to potential spoilers.' This paper focused on the political, economic, and social conditions in the aftermath of the conflict that led elites to invest in institutions and governing domains where crucial social contests were occurring
    DOI: 10.1596/31760
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 94
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    A Collective Action Approach Against Corruption : The Case of the Dominican Republic (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: For almost a century, the Dominican Republic has faced considerable governance and corruption challenges. High levels of corruption were present long time ago, and still prevail today, even if their characteristics and manifestations have changed. Rule of law has been weak for a long time, and generally government effectiveness has not been high. By contrast, the country has performed better in terms of progress on fundamental political and civil liberties, and thus relatively speaking it rates satisfactorily in terms of voice and accountability. Civil society faces an enabling environment within which they can operate. Against such background, the innovative and participatory anti-corruption participatory initiative (IPAC) to improve governance and combat corruption is assessed, taking a relatively broad governance perspective. The paper does not attempt to provide an exhaustive evaluation of all aspects of the single initiative, but its aim is to contribute to the analysis and debate about the benefits and challenges of participatory initiatives promoting good governance and anti-corruption, in the Dominican Republic and elsewhere, while also concretely identifying possible follow-up initiatives. The first section provides in brief some of the general antecedents on the evolution of governance and corruption in the Dominican Republic. The second section discusses the IPAC strategy. The third and fourth sections present authors views on IPAC's achievements and shortcomings, respectively. The concluding section provides some follow-up recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/34905
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 95
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    How is it Working? : A New Approach to Measure Governance in the Health System in Ukraine (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Health Policy and Management ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population
    Abstract: This study is the result of the World Bank research to support Ukraine's on-going health reform policy debate. It was produced by a team of experts led by Paolo Belli, World Bank Lead Economist and Sector Leader for Human Development. Key authors: Paolo Belli; Yuriy Dzhygyr; Kateryna Maynzyuk. Surveys to collect data for this study were conducted by Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, whose team was led by Artem Miroshnichenko, Alona Goroshko, and Tetiana Stepurko. This report presents a new diagnostic tool for measuring the current status of public sector management policies and practices (or governance) as applied to the Ukrainian health sector. Using the tool, the study identifies strengths to build upon as well as weaknesses in the current system, and proposes concrete interventions to improve existing policies and practices. The issues which the report brings to light, related to the sector's inability to harness, motivate and hold staff accountable for results, the poor information management, the rigid budgetary system but at the same time the pervasiveness of informal payments and corruption, surely play a key role in explaining why existing health services largely fail to prevent, detect, and treat diseases effectively. The problem is not one of physical accessibility. Ukraine has already an oversized number of hospitals and hospital beds, approximately 40 percent more than the EU average. The problem lies in inefficient allocation and use of resources, decades of neglected investments, and corruption in the sector. In summary, the main problem is one of governance, and that is why this study could play a critical role in guiding decision-makers not only on the main reform strategies, but also on the nitty-gritty initiatives which should contribute to improve governance, and thus service delivery and over the medium-term health outcomes
    DOI: 10.1596/38174
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 96
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    Central America Social Expenditures and Institutional Review : Costa Rica (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The evolution of Costa Rica's social sectors over the past decade has been dichotomous. On the one hand, economic growth has remained relatively high, however poverty and inequality have not declined (moreover, they have increased), and persistent employment challenges remain. On the other hand, the country has continued experiences advances in many social indicators, such as pre-primary and tertiary enrollment rates, access to improved sanitation, and labor force participation, though not in others (secondary school completion, immunizations, employment). Higher economic growth and (to a lesser extent) revenues seem to have allowed a substantial increase in public social spending. Looking forward, the key challenges Costa Rica faces are related to continuing improving the quality and efficiency in the social sectors, while improving targeting to serve the most in need, in a tight and severe fiscal context. To expand coverage of excluded population, priority will have to be given to reallocations and improvements within the spending envelope for the social sectors to maximize impact. With a fiscal deficit of more than 6 percent of GDP, further expanding public social spending is no longer an option and budget cuts are looming. Improvements in public spending management and budget execution, including the need of institutional reform to consolidate programs and improve coordination among executing agencies is equally important. In a country that has long been the champion in expanding universal welfare state, sustainability concerns will imply that hard fiscal decisions would need to be made to increase the social returns of budget allocation
    DOI: 10.1596/23608
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
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    Enterprise Surveys : Ethiopia Country Profile 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. Questions contained in the ES aim at covering most of the topics mentioned above. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Ethiopia. Business owners and top managers in 848 firms were interviewed from June 2015 to February 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/25916
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
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    SME Finance in Chile : Enhancing Efficiency of Support Programs (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: This review of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) finance support programs aims to enhance the efficiency of SME finance support in Chile. Chile's good economic policies have successfully promoted growth, but inequality has remained high. Supporting access to finance for SMEs is an important part of developing more equal opportunities in Chile. The purpose of the analysis is to identify options for strengthening corporacion de fomento de la produccion (CORFO's) role in addressing the SME finance gaps arising from market failures. The study focuses on determining if the various partial credit guarantee (PCG) programs are efficient and optimal in their design and how CORFO's role can be expanded to support SMEs. To achieve a new more complex role, the study also considered that CORFO as an institution needed to be more self-contained and autonomous in terms of financial risks and reserving, and have a corporate structure more akin to a public owned corporation rather than a budget supported state agency. In order for the programs to have the desired effects, they must adequately address the gap, be effectively implemented, and be cost efficient. The paper is organized as follows: section one gives summary, section two gives introduction. Section three analyzes the gap in finance for SMEs in Chile to establish the relevance of the programs. Section four provides an overview of programs in support of SME finance, the implementation effectiveness, and the associated costs. Sections five to seven presents recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/34954
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 99
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    Palestinian Territories Workforce Development : SABER Country Report 2013 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: This report presents a comprehensive diagnostic of the Palestinian Territories' workforce development (WfD) policies and institutions. The analysis is based on a World Bank research tool created under the Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) initiative and purposefully designed to provide systematic documentation and assessment of WfD policies and institutions. The SABER WfD benchmarking tool also aims to assist the government with the implementation of the VET Development Strategy in the context of international experience and global good practices
    DOI: 10.1596/35843
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  • 100
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    Kyrgyz Republic Economic Update No. 1, Spring 2015 : Adjusting to a Challenging Regional Economic Environment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Growth in the Kyrgyz Republic slowed significantly in 2014, reflecting the deteriorating external environment and supply-side constraints. Economic growth fell to 3.6 percent in 2014 from 10.9 percent in the previous year, partly because exports to Russia and other neighboring countries plunged. Re-export businesses were affected as the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) began to exercise stricter border control on goods imported from third countries. On the supply side, lower production at the Kumtor gold mine and a poor harvest due to adverse weather also depressed growth. The fall of the Russian ruble and the Kazakh tenge led to a significant depreciation of the Kyrgyz sum, which together with increases in energy tariffs drove inflation up from 4 percent in 2013 to 10.5 percent in December 2014. Although export growth was negative (-6.4 percent), imports declined even more (-7.2 percent), which, together with lower income outflows, helped to reduce the current account deficit from 15 percent in 2013 to 13.7 percent of GDP. The current account deficit was financed by borrowing and foreign direct investment (FDI). On the fiscal side, slower growth affected tax revenues, which were essentially flat at 25.3 percent of GDP but non-tax revenues went up by over a percentage point of GDP, to 6.7; together with grants, that brought total revenues to just under 35 percent of GDP. Meanwhile, a significant expansion of public investment spending brought the deficit to an estimated 4.1 percent of GDP in 2014, up from 3.9 percent in 2013, despite less spending on recurrent outlays. Higher spending and the depreciation of the sum translated into a significant increase in public debt, from 46.1 percent of GDP in 2013 to 53 percent for 2014. Job creation was stagnant. Poverty remained high: the most recent (2013) national estimates are absolute poverty 37.0 percent and extreme poverty 2.8 percent
    DOI: 10.1596/35041
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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