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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    México : Inst. Nacional de Antropología e Historia,
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 125 S , Abb., Kt. u. Tab
    Series Statement: Colección científica 42
    Series Statement: Arqueología
    Keywords: Villa de Reyes
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    México, D.F. : Inst. Nacional de Antropología e Historia
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 156 S. , graph. Darst., zahlr. Kt.
    Series Statement: Colección científica / Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia 81 : Lenguas
    RVK:
    Keywords: Einsprachigkeit ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Indianersprachen ; Indianer ; Mexiko ; Statistik 1970 ; Mexiko ; Indianersprachen ; Einsprachigkeit ; Mexiko ; Indianer ; Zweisprachigkeit
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Abstract: Costa Rica stands out for being among the most politically stable, progressive, prosperous, and environmentally conscious nations in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Its development model has brought important economic, social, and environmental dividends, with sustained growth, upward mobility for a large share of the population, important gains in social indicators, and significant achievements in reforestation and conservation. However, there are a number of development challenges that need to be addressed to maintain the country's successful development path. This Systematic Country Diagnostic takes stock of the poverty, inequality, and growth trends, addressing the following questions: To what extent has the Costa Rican development model been inclusive? What has driven growth in Costa Rica in recent years, and what are the bottlenecks that need to be addressed? How sustainable is the development model of Costa Rica economically, socially, and environmentally?
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9682990483
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 190 S , Ill., graph. Darst. u. Kt
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Series Statement: Colección científica / Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia 323
    Series Statement: Serie Arqueología
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Medvedev, Denis Informality and Profitability
    Abstract: This paper estimates the impact of informality on firm profits using a new firm-level survey designed specifically for this study. The survey was administered to about 1,200 firms with 50 employees or less in Ecuador's two largest cities, Quito and Guayaquil, plus two main centers of economic activity near the northern and southern borders. The paper's results confirm that the extent of firms' compliance with a set of regulatory requirements is linked to the perceived costs and benefits of informality, such as the probability of detection by the authorities and the likelihood of being fined. Nonetheless, taking into account the non-random placement of firms along the formality-informality spectrum and controlling for a large set of firm, owner, and location characteristics, the paper finds that more formal firms tend to be more profitable and have higher output per worker. This impact operates, inter alia, through more formal firms' ability to obtain improved access to credit and achieve higher sales by issuing receipts to clients
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Linking the formal and informal economy 2012, S. 121-144
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Linking the formal and informal economy
    Angaben zur Quelle: 2012, S. 121-144
    Note: Norman v. Loayza, Ana María Ovideo, and Luis Servén
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3469
    Parallel Title: Loayza, Norman Regulation and macroeconomic performance
    Keywords: Economic development Case studies ; Pressure groups Case studies ; Resource allocation Case studies ; Trade regulation Case studies ; Economic development Case studies ; Pressure groups Case studies ; Resource allocation Case studies ; Trade regulation Case studies
    Abstract: "Regulation is purportedly enacted to serve specific social purposes. In reality, however, it follows a more complex political economy process, where legitimate social goals are mixed with the objectives of particular interest groups. Whatever its justification and objectives, regulation can have potentially significant macroeconomic consequences by helping or hampering the dynamics of economic restructuring and resource reallocation that underlie the growth process. Loayza, Oviedo, and Serven provide an empirical analysis of the macroeconomic impact of regulation. They first characterize the stylized facts on regulation across the world using a set of newly constructed, comprehensive indicators of regulation in a large number of countries in the 1990s. Using these indicators, the authors study the effects of regulation on economic growth and macroeconomic volatility using cross-country regression analysis. In particular, they consider whether the effects of regulation are affected by the country's level of institutional development. Finally, their analysis controls for the likely endogeneity of regulation with respect to macroeconomic performance. The authors conclude that a heavier regulatory burden reduces growth and increases volatility, although these effects are smaller the higher the quality of the overall institutional framework. This paper--a product of the Growth and Investment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the process of economic reform"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Loayza, Norman V The Impact of Regulation On Growth And Informality
    Keywords: Burden of Regulation ; Corruption ; Economic Growth ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Quality ; Growth ; Impact of Regulation ; Institutional Framework ; Institutions ; Legal Framework ; Macroeco ; National Governance ; Public Sector Regulation ; Regulatory Regimes ; Burden of Regulation ; Corruption ; Economic Growth ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Quality ; Growth ; Impact of Regulation ; Institutional Framework ; Institutions ; Legal Framework ; Macroeco ; National Governance ; Public Sector Regulation ; Regulatory Regimes ; Burden of Regulation ; Corruption ; Economic Growth ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Quality ; Growth ; Impact of Regulation ; Institutional Framework ; Institutions ; Legal Framework ; Macroeco ; National Governance ; Public Sector Regulation ; Regulatory Regimes
    Abstract: The authors study the effects of regulation on economic growth and the relative size of the informal sector in a large sample of industrial and developing countries. Along with firm dynamics, informality is an important channel through which regulation affects macroeconomic performance and economic growth in particular. The authors conclude that a heavier regulatory burden-particularly in product and labor markets-reduces growth and induces informality. These effects are, however, mitigated as the overall institutional framework improves
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9023
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Petreski, Marjan Expectations Set High: Understanding Reservation Wages in North Macedonia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The objectives of this study are to understand the determinants of reservation wages and measure the gap between reservation and market wages in North Macedonia. The study makes use of recently collected information on reservation wages in the Labor Force Survey 2016 and 2017. The analysis relies on ordinary least squares, propensity score matching, Heckman-corrected estimates, and panel fixed effects. The results suggest that it is mainly supply factors that shape reservation wages in the country. Higher education achievement sizably increases future wage expectations, while age and longer spells of unemployment reduce them. Demand factors are found to be insignificant for reservation wage formation. Observed by skill level, the results suggest that low-skilled individuals consistently value their skills higher than what the market offers and set too high expectations. These circumstances are aggravated in cases where the household is well-off and/or receives remittances. By contrast, highly skilled individuals, despite maintaining a positive reservation wage gap, have a propensity to accept market wages even when they fall below their reservation wage, likely because these workers fear rapid depreciation of their skills
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hernandez, Carlos Ospino Protecting Who? Optimal Social Protection Responses to Shocks with Limited Information
    Keywords: Adaptive Social Protection ; COVID-19 Pandemic ; Disaster Risk Management ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Labor ; Targeting ; Targeting Social Protection Response
    Abstract: The literature on shock-responsive social protection focuses on operational features that improve the speed and reach of the response, but little is known about the optimal design of emergency social protection responses in terms of which programs to use, information about the people affected, and the extent of their losses. This paper studies optimal social protection responses to shocks, using microsimulations of different social assistance responses in Albania, Moldova, and North Macedonia. The paper shows that optimal design depends not only on the magnitude of the shock, but also on how the shock affects welfare rankings and on the parameters of the existing social assistance system, including the generosity of the schemes and how well they cover the poor. For given budgets, a universal transfer remains a suboptimal response. However, the extent to which existing programs should be expanded, as designed, to additional beneficiaries depends on the type of shock. When a shock tends to affect households homogeneously, increasing generosity and expanding the existing targeted social assistance program using established welfare metrics to assess eligibility is an effective response. When shocks affect households heterogeneously and bring some of them into extreme poverty, then pre-shock welfare indicators carry little information and policy makers should provide support through a new program or modified eligibility criteria, according to information on who suffered the shock. This analysis points to the importance of planning in advance for future crises and, within this, considering the optimal design of emergency social protection responses
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