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  • English  (1,657)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (1,727)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of the Philippines (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a13719d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264830257 , 9789264594883 , 9789264520448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; ECOWAS-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/654e2de5-en
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Keywords: Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
    DOI: 10.1787/18f04007-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264740976 , 9789264649675 , 9789264589469
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Los Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de la República Dominicana presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia en los últimos años y evalúa la eficacia de su actual legislación y política de competencia. El examen proporciona recomendaciones para ayudar a la República Dominicana a fortalecer su régimen de competencia y sus instituciones, desarrolladas y discutidas en el examen inter-pares llevado a cabo durante el Foro de Competencia de América Latina y el Caribe OCDE-BID 2023.
    DOI: 10.1787/82adc1ba-es
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reaching Climate Neutrality for the Hamburg Economy by 2040 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1e44672-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consumer Finance Risk Monitor (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/047b2ea6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    National Contact Point for Responsible Business Conduct Peer Reviews: Poland 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Poland
    Abstract: This document is the peer review report of the National Contact Point (NCP) of Poland. The objectives of NCP peer reviews are to assess that the NCP is functioning and operating in accordance with the core effectiveness criteria set out in the implementation procedures; to identify the NCP’s strengths and possibilities for improvement; to make recommendations for improvement; and to serve as a learning tool for all NCPs involved. The peer review of the NCP of Poland was conducted by a team of reviewers from the NCPs of Bulgaria, Germany, the United States, and Ukraine as observer, along with representatives of the OECD Secretariat.
    DOI: 10.1787/72e8daf0-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital adoption during COVID-19 : Cross-country evidence from microdata (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented global economic downturn, affecting productivity, business dynamics, and digital technology adoption. Using a comprehensive commercial database from Spiceworks Ziff Davis, this study analyses the firm-level drivers of digitalisation during the pandemic across 20 European countries. The findings show that a considerable share of firms introduced new digital technologies during the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, firms that were larger, more digitalised, and more productive before the pandemic were more likely to introduce new digital technologies in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, firms with pre-existing complementary technologies had a higher likelihood of adopting digital applications that gained momentum during the pandemic (such as digital commerce, collaborative software, cloud, and analytics). These patterns may increase polarisation among the best-performing firms and the rest of the business population. Public policy can play a key role in fostering an inclusive digital transformation in the post-pandemic era.
    DOI: 10.1787/f63ca261-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Targeting public spending: Means-testing and user charging (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper argues that countries will need to better assess potential savings in the provision of universal benefits and providing services free to all at the point of delivery. Instead, programmes will need to be targeted at those truly in need, and services only free to those with limited ability to pay. It draws an analogy to the progressivity of the tax system where those with greater means pay higher taxes. A similar philosophy should be the basis of government spending. It highlights examples of the application of means-testing and user charging for key areas including retirement benefits, health care and education. The paper is meant to stimulate discussion among Senior Budget Officials.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f0da72b-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business ombudsman institutions in Eastern Europe and Central Asia : New trends and good practices (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.42
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report examines the work of the business ombudsman institutions of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan in order to identify their successful practices, as well as gaps that can be addressed through mutual learning and knowledge sharing. It reviews key aspects of the work of these institutions, including the legal framework for their operations, independence and accountability safeguards, funding mechanisms and operational procedures. Based on the analysis, the report offers a number of recommendations that can help improve existing institutions and also be useful to countries that are considering establishing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/7d994c17-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fostering Catastrophe Bond Markets in Asia and the Pacific (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264407848 , 9789264352001 , 9789264803077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: As climate change increases exposure to natural disasters, countries need new solutions to mitigate risks of natural hazards. For many in Asia and the Pacific, mobilising existing resources is not enough: they need to consider a grand design of disaster risk financing strategies. Catastrophe bonds (CAT bonds) can be an effective, market-based financing tool for the region. While the global CAT bond market has grown steadily since the 1990s, it remains weakly developed in Asia and the Pacific. Its successful development there requires robust purpose-built legal frameworks; developed general bond markets, especially in local currency; appropriate capacity building; and data-driven pricing models. This report explores each of these conditions along with policy suggestions for fostering them, and discusses the development of multi-country CAT bonds in Asia and the Pacific.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab1e49ef-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.165
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Emerging technologies can contribute to unprecedented gains in health, energy, climate, food systems, and biodiversity. However, these technologies and their convergence sometimes carry risks to privacy, security, equity and human rights. This dual-edged nature of emerging technology requires policies that better anticipate disruptions and enable technology development for economic prosperity, resilience, security and sustainable development. Drawing on prior OECD work and legal instruments, this framework equips governments, other innovation actors and societies to anticipate and get ahead of governance challenges, and build longer-term capacities to shape innovation more effectively. Its “anticipatory technology governance” approach consists of five interdependent elements and associated governance tools: (1) embeding values throughout the innovation process; (2) enhancing foresight and technology assessment; (3) engaging stakeholders and society; (4) building regulation that is agile and adaptive; and (5) reinforcing international cooperation in science and norm-making. The emerging technology context determines how each of these elements is applied.
    DOI: 10.1787/0248ead5-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital tools for health and wellness in insurance (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.41
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper reviews the digital tools developed by the insurance industry to improve the health and wellness of policyholders. These tools are said to offer a win-win: better health for policyholders and reduced claims for insurers. Many tools apply lessons from behavioural economics by seeking to influence policyholder behaviour and overcome short-term barriers to change. This paper identifies issues and challenges, such as data privacy and security, safety risks, data quality, overall effectiveness, and relevant policy and regulatory frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d3764184-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Swedish Corporate Bond Market : Challenges and Policy Recommendations (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264855380 , 9789264477568 , 9789264621596
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Sweden
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of the Swedish corporate bond market and policy recommendations to improve its functioning, drawing from detailed empirical analysis and in-depth interviews with market participants. It includes two empirical chapters which provide insights into the market's evolution over the last two decades based on original data, emphasising changes since the 2008 financial crisis with respect to market size, issuer characteristics, credit quality, industry composition and investor universe. These developments are also considered in an international context, comparing the Swedish market with selected peer countries, both in Europe and elsewhere.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ff1a6ce-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards Balanced Regional Development in Croatia : From Strategy Design to Implementation (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264493162 , 9789264422889 , 9789264613409
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Croatia
    Abstract: Since joining the EU in 2013, Croatia’s macroeconomic performance has improved significantly. At the same time, large demographic and socio-economic disparities across Croatian regions persist. These trends provide the backdrop against which Croatia has reformed its legislative and strategic planning framework for regional development. Such reforms culminated in the adoption of the National Development Strategy 2030, which includes balanced regional development among its main long-term objectives. They have also led to the creation of regional development agencies, and the design of development plans at the county and local levels. This report assesses the extent to which Croatia’s multi-level governance system is supporting its regional development objectives. In particular, it provides an overview of the country’s regional development performance on several demographic, economic and well-being indicators. From there, it considers how the regional development reforms adopted since 2014 affect the ability of national and subnational governments to design, implement, fund, monitor and evaluate place-based regional development plans. Finally, this report provides practical recommendations to help national and subnational policy makers develop and implement strategic frameworks to meet their territorial development objectives and deliver tangible results to communities across the country.
    DOI: 10.1787/3c0779cf-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Agenda for Transformative Science, Technology and Innovation Policies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.164
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Multiple crises are triggering turbulence, instability and insecurity in contemporary societies, with impacts on economies, the environment, politics, and global affairs. An effective response will require governments to be more ambitious and act with greater urgency in their science, technology and innovation (STI) policies to meet global challenges. Sustained investments and greater directionality in research and innovation activities are needed, and these should coincide with a reappraisal of STI systems and STI policies to ensure they are “fit-for-purpose” to contribute to transformative change agendas. This policy paper provides a framework to support governments in making these assessments. It identifies six STI policy orientations for transformative change that should guide these assessments. It applies these orientations across multiple areas of STI policy, including R&D funding, the research and innovation workforce, and international R&D co-operation, and outlines a series of concrete policy actions STI policymakers can take to accelerate transformative change.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba2aaf7b-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corporate Bond Markets in Asia : Challenges and Opportunities for Growth Companies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264497399 , 9789264647299 , 9789264475724
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the use and structure of corporate bond markets in Asia. Based on original data, it assesses the extent to which corporations, in particular smaller growth companies, use bond markets and how that has developed over time. It also examines the regulatory frameworks that govern these markets in 19 different jurisdictions. Drawing from these findings, it formulates policy considerations for facilitating growth company access to corporate bond markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/96192f4a-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping and testing product-level vulnerabilities in granular production networks (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/02
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper conducts an in-depth mapping of global value chain (GVC) vulnerabilities, using granular product-level trade data to identify vulnerable products with limited suppliers and substitutability. The study reveals that, in OECD countries, approximately 8% of foreign-sourced intermediate products are vulnerable, with about 50 products identified as highly vulnerable, particularly in the pharmaceutical, mining, and manufacturing sectors. The paper also introduces a quantitative framework for simulating supply shock transmission from upstream suppliers to downstream industries over the short and medium term. This framework leverages unique data that combine Inter-Country Input-Output with detailed product-level trade data from Comtrade. Through simulation exercises, the paper highlights the role of supplier concentration and geography in shock transmissions, as well as the effectiveness of policies in mitigating these impacts. This novel cross-country assessment of GVC disruptions provides new insights on how to manage supply chains in a global economy subject to multiple risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9bcde495-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    Eight lessons learned from comparing ocean economy measurement strategies across countries (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Many ocean economic activities are not readily visible in official statistics, hindering policymakers' access to crucial information for decision making. The OECD ocean economy measurement project aims to address this by aligning ocean economy statistics with broader economic data and ensuring international consistency. This paper compares the measurement strategies of eight OECD member countries using principles from the system of national accounts. It also highlights the ocean economy thematic accounts of four countries and summarises their methods. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating ocean economy measurements with national accounting standards, a vital step for improving the evidence base for ocean policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/1cb42a67-en
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  • 20
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    Concentration of DeFi’s liquidity : Evidence from Decentralised Exchanges (DEXs) and Automated Market Makers (AMMs) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions no.49
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Decentralised exchanges (DEXs) are on-chain platforms where traders can exchange one crypto-asset for another. DEXs play an increasingly important role in the decentralised finance (DeFi) market, particularly in the aftermath of the recent downturn in the crypto-asset market. This working paper explores the characteristics of DEXs and identifies areas of possible concentration in decentralised exchanges activity and potential associated risks. To substantiate the analysis, it uses an original on-chain dataset covering the largest DEXs. The paper reveals an increased concentration within DeFi trading in the sample observed, which could exacerbate vulnerabilities already present in DeFi markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ed08440-en
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  • 21
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    National Contact Point for Responsible Business Conduct Peer Reviews: Türkiye 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Türkiye
    Abstract: This document is the peer review report of the National Contact Point (NCP) of Türkiye. The objectives of NCP peer reviews are to assess that the NCP is functioning and operating in accordance with the core effectiveness criteria set out in the implementation procedures; to identify the NCP’s strengths and possibilities for improvement; to make recommendations for improvement; and to serve as a learning tool for all NCPs involved. The peer review of the NCP of Türkiye was conducted by a team of reviewers from the NCPs of Luxembourg and Peru, along with representatives of the OECD Secretariat.
    DOI: 10.1787/42f5d9d1-en
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  • 22
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    Mobilising ASEAN Capital Markets for Sustainable Growth (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264738355 , 9789264940697 , 9789264530508
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The ASEAN region’s economic expansion has created significant financing needs among corporations and investment opportunities for households. This report aims to support ASEAN policy makers harness opportunities and address barriers in mobilising capital markets for sustainable growth and development in the region. It focuses on the functioning of capital markets and the corporate sector’s use of market-based financing. It also examines current corporate governance regulatory frameworks, emerging artificial intelligence trends in finance, and sustainable finance developments with a focus on corporate sustainable bonds.
    DOI: 10.1787/196b5bde-en
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  • 23
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    Global Corporate Sustainability Report 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946163 , 9789264457232 , 9789264493476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Global Corporate Sustainability Report aims to enhance the adoption of corporate governance policies that promote the sustainability and resilience of companies. It examines the evolving landscape of corporate sustainability practices worldwide and includes a focus on key dimensions outlined in the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, such as sustainability-related disclosure, shareholder-company dialogue, board responsibilities, and stakeholder interests. It offers comprehensive data analysis specifically designed to meet the needs of policymakers, regulators, and market participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/8416b635-en
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  • 24
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    The OECD-UNSD Multinational Enterprise Information Platform (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD and the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) have developed jointly the new Multinational Enterprise Information Platform (MEIP). MEIP is built on past OECD and UN efforts to compile statistics on the scale and scope of the international activities of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). The new platform uses publicly available data to gather information on the world’s 500 largest MNEs in a timely manner, facilitating a comprehensive view of their physical and digital presence. It also includes a monitoring tool for large events such as Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). The platform also provides a valuable benchmark for National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and researchers, allowing them to compare the national presence of an individual MNE to the global presence. Information on MNEs and their global network can also be visualised in a user-friendly dashboard.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7d90a06-en
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  • 25
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    Bringing Trentino's productivity growth back on track : A comparison with OECD "peer" regions (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2024/03
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rimettere in carreggiata la crescita della produttività del Trentino: Un confronto tra regioni “pari”
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The Autonomous Province of Trento (Trentino) is among the most productive regions in Europe, but over the past two decades its productivity growth has stagnated. As a result, the productivity gap of Trentino widened by over 20% compared to regions with the same productivity level in 2000. The benchmarking of productivity drivers in Trentino with those of “peer” regions points to several policy priorities, including: reviving productivity in tradeable sectors, also through increased internationalisation; increasing the share of the labour force with a tertiary education; and getting more out of public R&D while boosting private sector R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e74a691-en
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  • 26
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    How well do online job postings match national sources in large English speaking countries? : Benchmarking Lightcast data against statistical sources across regions, sectors and occupations (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper presents the first international assessment of the Lightcast vacancy data representativeness based on benchmarking against officially reported vacancy data in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The analysis compares distributions in the Lightcast data versus official data across large (TL2) regions, industrial sectors and occupational categories. The analysis shows differences in representativeness across countries and on the three dimensions considered. In general, regional representativeness is considerably better than both occupational and sectoral representativeness.
    DOI: 10.1787/c17cae09-en
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  • 27
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    Cross-border investment into low-carbon infrastructure : An empirical glance (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2024/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This working paper provides a granular overview of investments into low-carbon infrastructure, both in the real economy and financial market. The descriptive analysis shows that there is room to scale up cross-border infrastructure investment and to shift investment into low-carbon assets. Specifically, low-carbon cross-border investment can be increased by shifting infrastructure investments, that currently flow into the financial economy, to the real economy and by incentivising the use of financing instruments, i.e., securitised products, that bundle projects and meet different liquidity tastes of investors. The analysis also highlights the important role of foreign direct investment (FDI) into infrastructure from foreign real economy companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/e82ee163-en
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  • 28
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    OECD Review of the Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Kazakhstan (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264691728 , 9789264557611 , 9789264576261
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (153 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: The Kazakh government has undertaken crucial legal and regulatory reforms to improve the governance and performance of its state-owned enterprises (SOEs), but further reforms are needed. This review describes and assesses the corporate governance framework of the Kazakh SOE sector against the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises. It makes recommendations to help the Kazakh authorities reform their state-owned sector and align the exercise of state ownership and the governance of SOEs with international best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/082c508b-en
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  • 29
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    National Contact Point for Responsible Business Conduct Peer Reviews: Estonia 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Estonia
    Abstract: This document is the peer review report of the National Contact Point (NCP) of Estonia. The objectives of NCP peer reviews are to assess that the NCP is functioning and operating in accordance with the core effectiveness criteria set out in the implementation procedures; to identify the NCP’s strengths and possibilities for improvement; to make recommendations for improvement; and to serve as a learning tool for all NCPs involved. The peer review of the NCP of Estonia was conducted by a team of reviewers from the NCPs of Argentina, Canada, and Israel, along with representatives of the OECD Secretariat.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2a24fa3-en
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  • 30
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    Manual OCDE-FAO para empresas sobre deforestación y debida diligencia en las cadenas de suministro agrícolas (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264451544 , 9789264438194 , 9789264862579
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Business Handbook on Deforestation and Due Diligence in Agricultural Supply Chains
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Este manual ha sido desarrollado por la OCDE y la FAO con el objetivo de ayudar a las empresas a integrar consideraciones sobre deforestación y degradación forestal en sus procedimientos de debida diligencia corporativa. El manual se beneficia del extenso trabajo y experiencia de la FAO para detener la deforestación y la degradación forestal y promover la gobernanza responsable de la tenencia. El manual se basa en los principales estándares internacionales respaldados por los gobiernos en materia de debida diligencia en las cadenas de suministro y de conducta empresarial responsable: las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable y el marco de debida diligencia asociado, que se encuentra descrito en la Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola y en la Guía de la OCDE de debida diligencia para una conducta empresarial responsable. Este manual muestra cómo puede aplicarse la Guía OCDE-FAO para abordar la deforestación, contextualizando las recomendaciones existentes y orientando a los usuarios hacia fuentes útiles de información sobre la debida diligencia.
    DOI: 10.1787/4fd6c757-es
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  • 31
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    Global Debt Report 2024 : Bond Markets in a High-Debt Environment (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866119 , 9789264925915 , 9789264323698
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rapport sur la dette mondiale 2024 : Les marchés obligataires dans un contexte de dette élevée
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Global Debt Report examines sovereign and corporate debt markets, providing insights into current market conditions and associated policy considerations, including possible financial stability risks. This first edition consolidates the Sovereign Borrowing Outlook, previously a separate OECD publication, and introduces new chapters on corporate bond markets and sustainable bonds. Chapter 1 provides an overview of sovereign borrowing globally and an outlook for OECD countries, with a focus on the impact of recent developments in funding conditions and changes to the investor base. Chapter 2 explores global corporate bond market dynamics, build-up of risks and vulnerabilities and the impact of a changing macrofinancial landscape. Chapter 3 looks at trends in global sustainable bond markets and discusses policy considerations such as the sustainability premium, the roles of service providers and market liquidity.
    DOI: 10.1787/91844ea2-en
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  • 32
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    National Contact Point for Responsible Business Conduct Peer Reviews: Kazakhstan 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: This document is the peer review report of the National Contact Point (NCP) of Kazakhstan. The objectives of NCP peer reviews are to assess that the NCP is functioning and operating in accordance with the core effectiveness criteria set out in the implementation procedures; to identify the NCP’s strengths and possibilities for improvement; to make recommendations for improvement; and to serve as a learning tool for all NCPs involved. The peer review of the NCP of Kazakhstan was conducted by a team of reviewers from the NCPs of Egypt, France, and Korea, along with representatives of the OECD Secretariat.
    DOI: 10.1787/9090c11f-en
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  • 33
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    The Limits of DeFi for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from ASEAN (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264808515 , 9789264651999 , 9789264571792
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Decentralised finance, including crypto-asset markets and DeFi protocol activity, has been promoted as a tool to support the democratisation of finance. This report presents quantitative evidence from ASEAN economies that participation in decentralised finance markets has been largely driven by speculative forces and a fear of missing out, rather than by practical use-cases that can promote financial inclusion. Since decentralised finance today involves unregulated or uncompliant financial service provision, the complexity and the non-custodial nature of such activity (particularly DeFi protocol activity) make these practically difficult for retail participation. The report provides policy considerations and discusses other digital finance tools that could be considered as alternative catalysts for financial inclusion, particularly when it comes to MSME financing.
    DOI: 10.1787/f00a0c7f-en
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  • 34
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    Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Esta Guía proporciona una hoja de ruta para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos sobre cómo definir conjuntamente una agenda de desarrollo local. Considera cinco dimensiones: 1. Utilizar el poder de los museos para el desarrollo económico local 2. Aprovechar el papel de los museos para la regeneración urbana y el desarrollo comunitario 3. Catalizar sociedades culturalmente conscientes y creativas 4. Promover los museos como espacios para la inclusión, la salud y el bienestar 5. Integrar el papel de los museos en el desarrollo local.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf427bb7-es
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    Infrastructure for a Climate-Resilient Future (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264762138 , 9789264698642 , 9789264315471
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des infrastructures pour un avenir résilient face au changement climatique
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the impacts of climate change on infrastructure , and key policy areas to be considered to render infrastructure more resilient. It discusses advances and persisting gaps in planning and developing infrastructure across its lifecycle to build in climate resilience and how this can be fostered by place-based approach. The report explores how climate risk awareness and understanding can be strengthened and become a norm for all financing and investment decisions, through standards and financial instruments that integrate climate adaptation and resilience. It includes a spotlight on nature-based solutions and offers insights on how nature can be harnessed as a cost-effective measure to build climate resilience. The report also recognises the specific needs of developing countries as requiring global attention for economic development and through strengthened international partnerships and support. Key policy insights are provided and advocate for national and subnational policy-makers to adopt a multi-level governance approach to resilience, working with infrastructure owners and operators to support decision-making.
    DOI: 10.1787/a74a45b0-en
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  • 36
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    National Contact Point for Responsible Business Conduct Peer Reviews: Hungary 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Hungary
    Abstract: Governments adhering to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are required to set up a National Contact Point (NCP) that functions in a visible, accessible, transparent and accountable manner. This report contains a peer review of the Hungarian NCP, mapping its strengths and accomplishments and also identifying opportunities for improvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/a26a0229-en
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  • 37
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    OECD performance budgeting framework (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Performance Budgeting Framework provides four building blocks to guide countries in strengthening their approach to performance budgeting. These are (i) tools and methods for developing meaningful performance information, (ii) accountability and transparency, (iii) a strong enabling environment, and (iv) the use of performance information to inform decisions around the budget.
    DOI: 10.1787/247e9dcb-en
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  • 38
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    The Role of Guidelines in Fostering Competition Policy in Tunisia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264655379 , 9789264358768 , 9789264506350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le rôle des lignes directrices dans la promotion de la politique de concurrence en Tunisie
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This report builds on the recommendations of the 2022 OECD Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy in Tunisia. It presents an overview of how to develop competition law guidelines across four areas (merger control, pecuniary penalties, leniency programmes and compliance programmes) and includes a comparative analysis of selected jurisdictions, with the view of assisting Tunisian authorities to develop their own guidelines. While competition guidelines can play an important role in fostering competition policy in Tunisia, it should go hand in hand with addressing specific shortcomings in the enforcement and advocacy framework as identified in the Peer Review.
    DOI: 10.1787/82f72c0e-en
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  • 39
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    Scaling Hydrogen Financing for Development (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264761131
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report on scaling up clean hydrogen financing provides a unique and in-depth proposal to transform ideas into attractive investment projects. It highlights how policy and financial risk mitigation mechanisms play a critical role in slashing the funding gap and reducing the cost of hydrogen generation. The findings promise to boost clean hydrogen lighthouse projects to revolutionize this multi-billion-dollar industry, so that emerging markets and developing countries can successfully participate in this nascent sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/0287b22e-en
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  • 40
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    Green Budgeting in OECD Countries 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264859593 , 9789264719675 , 9789264499959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of green budgeting practices across OECD countries based on the 2022 OECD Green Budgeting Survey, as well as the index methodology for the Survey. It takes stock of OECD countries’ progress in bringing climate and environmental considerations into budgeting frameworks and processes. Green budgeting involves a systematic approach across all stages of the budget process, including financial reporting and budget oversight. The growth in green budgeting in OECD countries, as shown in the report, demonstrates the key role of budget offices in ensuring that policy priorities relating to climate change and the environment are taken into account when allocating resources through the budget process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9aea61f0-en
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  • 41
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    How well do online job postings match national sources in European countries? : Benchmarking Lightcast data against statistical and labour agency sources across regions, sectors and occupation (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2024/02
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Data on online job postings represents an important source of information for local labour markets. Many countries lack statistics on labour demand that are sufficiently up-to-date and disaggregated across regions, sectors and occupations. Web-scraped data from online job postings can provide further insights on the trends in labour demand and the skills needed across regions, sectors and occupations. This paper assesses the comparability and validity between Lightcast and other data sources for Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden, for the years 2019 to 2022 across regions, sectors and occupations. It concludes with some recommendations for labour market analysts that want to use data on online job postings for assessing labour demand trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1026d81-en
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  • 42
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    The emergence of strategic budget initiatives (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
    DOI: 10.1787/8053099b-en
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    Production transformation policy review of Bangladesh : investing in the future of a trading nation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b925b06-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 44
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    Financing Cities of Tomorrow : G20/OECD Report for the G20 Infrastructure Working Group under the Indian Presidency (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Finanzierung ; Stadtökonomik ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Stadtentwicklung ; Klimawandel ; Digitalisierung ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: By 2050, the global population living in cities is projected to reach 5 billion, growing from 3.5 billion in 2015. Massive investment in infrastructure will be needed to accommodate this growth, and to adapt infrastructure to climate change and benefit from the digital transition. This report explores three ways to meet this challenge. Firstly, it outlines how new forms of urban planning can help to mobilise private finance for inclusive, resilient and sustainable urban investment. Secondly, it explores how leveraging private investment can help to strengthen cities capacity to support needed investment in a tighter fiscal environment. Finally, it considers the potential opportunities and challenges for mobilising sustainable finance – green, social and sustainable bonds and loans, sustainability-linked bonds and catastrophe bonds – for infrastructure investment by City Governments. The report also includes 17 short case studies from 12 countries that demonstrate innovative practices for creating the Cities of Tomorrow.
    DOI: 10.1787/51bd124a-en
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  • 45
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    OECD-FAO Business Handbook on Deforestation and Due Diligence in Agricultural Supply Chains (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264513082 , 9789264797123 , 9789264997943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwaldung ; Lieferkette ; Landwirtschaft ; Due Diligence ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This handbook was developed by OECD and FAO to help companies embed considerations on deforestation and forest degradation into their corporate due diligence procedures. It is informed by FAO's extensive work and experience on halting deforestation and forest degradation and promoting responsible governance of tenure. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and the associated due diligence framework set out in the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct. This handbook demonstrates how the OECD-FAO Guidance can be applied to address deforestation by contextualising existing recommendations and directing users towards helpful sources of due diligence information.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0d4bca7-en
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    Towards balanced regional attractiveness in Ireland : Enhancing the delivery of the National Planning Framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.62
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Ireland
    Abstract: Ireland is highly centralised and fast growing, creating co-ordination challenges in terms of delivering key investments and in key policy areas like transport, housing and education. Actors across levels of government recognise a need for a more coordinated approach to the delivery of the National Planning Framework, the principal spatial planning strategy of Project Ireland 2040, which includes also the National Development Plan (public investment).The report has three objectives which ultimately aim to support more balanced regional outcomes in Ireland: i) to clarify the gaps in terms of regional attractiveness across and within Ireland’s regions, including in terms of population and investment attraction; ii) to assess the ability for the National Planning Framework – in its current form – to address these gaps, and iii) to consider what multi-level governance reforms and attractiveness policies can be introduced or scaled to generate more territorially-balanced development.
    DOI: 10.1787/3df116ad-en
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    Leveraging technology in insurance to enhance risk assessment and policyholder risk reduction (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.38
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper examines the potential role of emerging technologies and innovation in enhancing risk assessment and encouraging policyholder risk reduction, including: an overview of potential applications of new technologies to risk assessment and risk reduction; an assessment of potential challenges to technology adoption (including regulatory challenges), and; set of potential good practices for creating an enabling environment that supports the use of technology in risk assessment and encouraging risk reduction.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f5c18ac-en
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    Entrepreneurial opportunities and working conditions of self-employed online freelancers in the platform economy : Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.45
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines the experiences of self-employed online freelancers working on digital labour platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on interviews with freelancers and platform managers and experts in Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. Their experiences during COVID-19 reveal issues of asymmetric power vis-à-vis platforms. Notably, they reported lack of transparency and certainty in their contracts with platforms, lack of power in negotiating with clients, and limited ability to engage with clients on other platforms. In addition, they often experienced difficulties in accessing government temporary supports for businesses during the pandemic. The paper puts forward policy recommendations to address these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/ebc310de-en
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    Financing solutions to foster industrial decarbonisation in emerging and developing economies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.226
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Industry decarbonisation is a cornerstone to reach net-zero emissions by this mid-century. The diversity of industrial activities, processes and products, the complexity of global industrial value chains, and the international competition make industry decarbonisation a challenging objective. Annual investments in low-carbon technologies for industry decarbonisation need to increase by a factor of three to five by 2030 compared to current levels to align industrial emissions with net-zero pathways. This paper analyses available financing solutions to scale up investments at pace, especially in emerging and developing economies where industrial production is growing rapidly whilst available finance is limited. It highlights de-risking and financial instruments and models that can help accelerate investments and draws lessons from twelve financing industry decarbonisation case studies which demonstrate how private capital can be mobilised.
    DOI: 10.1787/24a155ab-en
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  • 50
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    Multi-level governance and subnational finance in Asia and the Pacific (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.61
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Armenia ; Australia ; Azerbaijan ; Bangladesh ; Bhutan ; Cambodia ; China, People’s Republic ; Georgia ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Kyrgyzstan ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Mongolia ; Nepal ; New Zealand ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; Sri Lanka ; Tajikistan ; Thailand ; Uzbekistan ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Subnational governments in Asia and the Pacific are key providers of the public services and infrastructure required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Given this role, it is essential that policymakers and development partners understand and support the effective functioning of multi-level governance structures and subnational government finances across the region. This joint OECD-ADB report provides a comprehensive overview of subnational governments across Asia and the Pacific. It covers over 467,000 subnational governments from 26 countries, which represent 53% of the world’s population and 40% of global GDP. On average in 2020, subnational governments in the region accounted for 29% of total public expenditure (8.8% of GDP), 35% of total public revenue (8.5% of GDP) and 38% of public investment (2% of GDP). Harnessing unique data from the 3rd edition of the OECD-UCLG World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment, the analysis highlights how decentralisation and territorial reforms have reconfigured the structures and finances of subnational governments in the region. It covers a range of topics including fiscal rules, financial management capacity, priority-based budgeting, asset management and the use of public-private partnerships.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3e8a2fb-en
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    Improving transparency of incentives for investment facilitation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.35
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper makes the case for greater transparency of investment incentives and explores how governments can enhance transparency of these measures, notably for investment facilitation purposes. It proposes three overarching principles of transparency that can be used to better inform policy design: availability, accessibility and clarity of information. It also sets out a framework and typology to understand the scope of incentives offered in a country and identify what information could support transparency, drawing on data on the use and level of transparency of incentives (including tax, financial and in-kind benefits) in a sample of 15 developing economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab40a2f1-en
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    OECD framework for mapping and quantifying government support for business innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.160
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper resents a measurement framework aiming to support the collection of comprehensive and internationally comparable quantitative and qualitative information on governmental innovation support programmes and instruments. It proposes a taxonomic system with definitions, classifications and reporting conventions aligned with OECD and other international standards. The framework is intended to support future OECD measurement efforts in this area and the analysis of innovation support portfolios within and across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/f30547e7-en
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    Competition Market Study of Tunisia's Retail Banking Sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264711884 , 9789264713765 , 9789264685147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Étude de marché sur la concurrence dans le secteur de la banque de détail en Tunisie
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This market study provides an assessment of competition in three broad areas of the retail banking sector in Tunisia: current accounts, bank loans for micro, small and medium enterprises and mobile payment services. The report identifies areas where competition is not working as well as it could, reducing customers mobility and access to finance and limiting the competitive pressure that fintech companies can exert on traditional banks. The report provides a range of recommendations to improve market outcomes for financial services users and it includes estimates of the expected impact of the implementation of the recommendations on the economy. This competition market study is part of a broader project aiming at fostering pro-competitive reforms in Tunisia.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab995fce-en
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    Dividend Tax Fraud : Raising Awareness of Dividend Stripping Schemes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Fraude fiscale aux dividendes : Renforcer la sensibilisation aux montages d’arbitrage de dividendes
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: Dividend stripping is a type of fraud that is committed through a complex mechanism of trading, selling and repurchasing shares over a certain period to unlawfully avoid payment of dividend taxes, or to claim unjustified tax reimbursements. Dividend stripping in its many forms poses a great challenge to the tax bases of numerous jurisdictions and may create market distortions that corrode the integrity of the financial system. This report is intended to raise awareness of dividend stripping frauds and provides a number of recommendations for countries around recognising the risk, improving domestic co-ordination and expanding international co-operation. In particular, tackling dividend stripping requires strong domestic inter-agency co-ordination and international co-operation, as well as the sharing of information between jurisdictions. Countries may therefore wish to prepare targeted actions and comprehensive strategies against this phenomenon, including not only tax administrations and law enforcement, but also financial regulators and supervisory authorities, as well as anti-money laundering competent authorities. Legislative changes may also be required in some cases.
    DOI: 10.1787/70ee934c-en
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    Determinación del precio de los minerales : Un marco en materia de precios de transferencia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cadre de détermination des prix de transfert appliqué aux prix des minéraux
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Determining the Price of Minerals: A Transfer Pricing Framework
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Taxation
    Abstract: En el sector minero, los ingresos públicos se generan mediante la recaudación de regalías mineras e impuestos sobre la renta calculados sobre el valor del mineral comercializado. Sin embargo, debido a la frecuencia y la escala de las transacciones entre partes vinculadas, el riesgo potencial para los ingresos fiscales que supone la manipulación de los precios de transferencia puede ser elevado, especialmente en torno al valor de los minerales extraídos. Este conjunto de herramientas proporciona orientaciones prácticas y significativas para que los países en desarrollo determinen el precio de los minerales vendidos a partes vinculadas utilizando el principio de plena competencia. Ofrece un marco sobre cómo utilizar los principios de precios de transferencia para aplicar el método del Precio Comparable No Controlado, incluida la identificación de los principales factores económicos que influyen en el precio de los minerales ("marco de precios de los minerales") para garantizar que los países en desarrollo puedan gravar adecuadamente las exportaciones de minerales. También incluye enfoques administrativos simplificados para fijar el precio de las ventas de minerales que podrían reducir la carga administrativa de los países en desarrollo.
    DOI: 10.1787/b006913a-es
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    Towards a Blue Recovery in Samoa : Appraisal Report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264521803 , 9789264619197 , 9789264878525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Samoa
    Abstract: The re-opening of Samoa’s borders in late-2022 kickstarted the country’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This offers an opportunity to rebuild sustainably its tourism, maritime transport, and fisheries sectors. Samoa’s ocean resources can also augment its resilience to future shocks such as climate change. Through an analysis of Samoa’s economic trends and environmental pressures, institutional set-up and policy tools, as well as financing landscape, this report identifies opportunities and challenges for Samoa’s ocean economy to drive sustainable and resilient development. The Samoa Ocean Strategy offers a blueprint for such a pursuit, but there remain gaps and impediments. To address them, the report provides several cross-cutting and sector-specific policy recommendations to accelerate Samoa’s transition to a sustainable ocean economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd8d4112-en
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    Mechanisms to Prevent Carbon Lock-in in Transition Finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264986695 , 9789264476257 , 9789264732964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Klimaschutz ; Emissionshandel ; Theorie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Carbon lock-in occurs when high-emission infrastructure or assets continue to be used, despite the possibility of substituting them with low-emission alternatives, thereby delaying or preventing the transition to near-zero or zero-emission alternatives. Transition finance, which focuses on the dynamic transformation and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, frequently faces the issue of carbon lock-in, particularly in considerations of investment feasibility and eligibility. Despite most transition finance approaches incorporating lock-in avoidance as a core principle, existing transition instruments and approaches put in place varying or limited mechanisms to prevent lock-in. Building on the OECD Guidance on Transition Finance, this report takes stock of how carbon lock-in risk is addressed in existing transition finance approaches (such as taxonomies, roadmaps, or guidance), financial instruments, and relevant public and private investment frameworks and methodologies. The report provides good practices on the integration of credible mechanisms to prevent carbon lock-in, address greenwashing risks and build confidence in the market. It can inform both public and private actors in the development of transition finance approaches, standards for green, transition and sustainability-linked debt, frameworks for corporate transition plans, or broader climate-related disclosure frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5c49358-en
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    Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264323728 , 9789264718036 , 9789264417366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: What has competition got to do with gender? Competition authorities play a crucial role in shaping fair and thriving markets. However, the connection between competition and gender is often overlooked. This Toolkit equips competition authorities with the knowledge and tools necessary to incorporate gender considerations into their work. The Toolkit offers an evidence-based approach, going beyond theory to provide concrete recommendations that can enhance the accuracy of analysis, facilitate cartel investigations and optimise advocacy efforts. Drawing from gender research in related policy areas such as corporate governance, anti-corruption, and behavioural economics, this Toolkit provides a comprehensive framework for integrating gender considerations. By incorporating this Toolkit into their day-to-day operations, competition authorities can contribute even more to the advancement of fair and efficient markets that benefit individuals of all genders.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d789043-en
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    Main Findings from the 2022 OECD Risks that Matter Survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765085 , 9789264918832 , 9789264808416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Verbraucherpreisindex ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Prices of essentials like energy and food have increased dramatically in OECD countries, adding uncertainty to household finances despite a persistently strong labour market post COVID-19. The latest edition of the OECD Risks that Matter (RTM) survey confirms that costs of living are at the top of people's minds even in the world's wealthiest countries: around nine in ten respondents, on average, report feeling concerned about inflation. Drawing on a representative sample of 27 000 respondents across 27 OECD countries, RTM illustrates respondents' perceived economic risks, levels of satisfaction with current social policies, and preferences for future government action on social protection. People are calling on governments to help with the cost-of-living crisis, to spend more on health post COVID-19, and to reinforce support for older people, including in long-term care. Based on a comprehensive cross-national survey of perceptions of social protection, this report offers lessons for the functioning of social programmes as countries emerge from COVID-19, manage the cost-of-living crisis, and plan for future challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/70aea928-en
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    Regions in Industrial Transition 2023 : New Approaches to Persistent Problems (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264999084 , 9789264741720 , 9789264911970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Industrieregion ; Regionaler Strukturwandel ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report builds on work presented in the OECD's 2019 report Regions in Industrial Transition: Policies for People and Places. It considers industrial transition as a complex and enduring challenge in regional development that traditional policy levers have not always been able to satisfactorily address. Beginning with an overview of how to characterise these regions, it then explores why they require tailored policy approaches and posits whether adopting a more experimental path in governance arrangements and policy initiatives could make inroads in meeting industrial transition objectives. The report shares findings emanating from the experiences of eight regions and two countries that designed and implemented experimental initiatives to advance their industrial transition process and Smart Specialisation Strategies, with the support of the European Commission. It features a framework of governance and policy areas that influence industrial transition, and applicable to experimentation. Combining this with insights from each experiment studied, the report presents a toolkit of policy levers for policy makers grappling with industrial transition, and a checklist for those wishing to apply an experimental approach to industrial transition initiatives. Finally, the report contains a synopsis of the initiatives designed and implemented by the regions and countries participating in this project.
    DOI: 10.1787/5604c2ab-en
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    Estudio multidimensional de la República Dominicana : Hacia un mayor bienestar (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626812 , 9789264592452 , 9789264457225
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of the Dominican Republic: Towards Greater Well-being for All
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: La República Dominicana ha experimentado importantes avances socioeconómicos en las últimas décadas. El país ha sido una de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en términos de crecimiento económico, alcanzando el estatus de economía de ingreso medio-alto en 2011. Sin embargo, los avances en las diferentes dimensiones del bienestar han sido insuficientes. En particular, las disparidades socioeconómicas y territoriales siguen siendo importantes, y las instituciones públicas aún enfrentan desafíos relevantes. Para que la República Dominicana avance en una senda de desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, es necesario abordar tres dimensiones críticas. En primer lugar, proporcionar empleos de calidad para todos, con especial énfasis en impulsar la formalización y la transformación productiva. En segundo lugar, movilizar más financiamiento público y privado para el desarrollo, con sistemas fiscales más progresivos y eficaces, un gasto público más eficiente, y mercados de capitales más profundos. En tercer lugar, acelerar la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad, mejorar la inclusión y apoyar la creación de empleo.
    DOI: 10.1787/8044a9c9-es
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    Harnessing "New Space" for Sustainable Growth of the Space Economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Weltraumtechnik ; Raumfahrtpolitik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: "New space", characterised by new commercial players bringing cutting-edge business techniques and funding methods to space activities, has brought disruptive innovation and democratised access to space. But there also reasons for concern, as this has led to an intensified use of the orbital environment, creating more congestion and debris. Furthermore, the vitality of the "new space" ecosystem is under threat from economic shocks and market entrenchment. This G20 background paper examines the emergence of the "new space" ecosystem over the last 15 years, its impact on the space sector and society at large and the role of governments in ensuring sustained and sustainable growth of the sector. The paper provides a definition of "new space" activities to better target policy responses and suggests policy options to address these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/a67b1a1c-en
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    Measuring governments' R&D funding response to COVID-19 : An application of the OECD Fundstat infrastructure to the analysis of R&D directionality (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper presents new evidence on the size and direction of governments' R&D funding response to the COVID-19 pandemic through the exploration of a novel data infrastructure, the OECD Fundstat initiative for the analysis of government-funded R&D projects. The document reports on the exploratory development and application of automatic classification tools to detect relevant COVID-19 R&D funding, map salient topics and classify and allocate project funding according to priorities in the WHO COVID-19 R&D Blueprint, as well as comparing results with similar analysis of scientific publication output data. The results provide new insights on which areas of enquiry were prioritised by governmental R&D funding bodies.
    DOI: 10.1787/4889f5f2-en
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    Assessment of merger control in the Philippines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.34
    Keywords: Fusionskontrolle ; Philippinen ; Finance and Investment ; Philippines
    Abstract: The Philippines has developed their merger control regime quickly and effectively since the Competition Authority was created in 2016, thus establishing a reputed merger control system. This report assesses those important developments and makes policy recommendations to further strengthen the Philippines' merger control regime based on principles of transparency, integrity and procedural fairness. This, in turn, can help promote and protect competition in the economy, which increases productivity and overall economic performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f76f1a7-en
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    DeFi liquidations : Volatility and liquidity (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions no.48
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This work delves into the liquidations mechanism inherent in Decentralised Finance (DeFi) lending protocols and the connection between liquidations and price volatility in decentralised exchanges (DEXs). The analysis employs transactional data of three of the largest DeFi lending protocols and provides evidence of a positive relation between liquidations and post-liquidations price volatility across the main DEX pools. Without directly observing the behaviour of liquidators, these findings indirectly indicate that liquidators require market liquidity to carry out large liquidations and affect market conditions while doing so.
    DOI: 10.1787/0524faaf-en
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    Rethinking Regional Attractiveness in the New Global Environment (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264959125 , 9789264577633 , 9789264470286
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (151 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Standortwettbewerb ; Standortfaktor ; Globalisierung ; Welt ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ireland ; Italy ; Portugal ; Spain ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Rethinking Regional Attractiveness in the New Global Environment report highlights lessons learned from multiple regional case studies from five EU countries (Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden), additional work with Latin American and Caribbean regions, and a series of webinars and one-on-one dialogues on rethinking regional attractiveness. The OECD's innovative multidimensional approach to assessing regional attractiveness considers global engagement beyond international connections and economic factors alone. The methodology considers more than 50 indicators to develop regional attractiveness profiles covering six domains of attractiveness: economic attraction, connectedness, visitor appeal, natural environment, resident well-being, and land-use and housing. The report helps regional and national policy makers to understand how individual regions fare in a new global environment that continues to deal with the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, compounded by the consequences of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine and existing megatrends – all of which produce asymmetric impacts within and between countries and regions – and identify the policy levers available to enhance their attractiveness to the international target groups of investors, talent, and visitors. It also considers the need to co-ordinate across levels of government, across policy fields, and with private stakeholders, and highlights good practices to implement regional attractiveness policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/a9448db4-en
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    Managing Climate Risks and Impacts Through Due Diligence for Responsible Business Conduct : A Tool for Institutional Investors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264632394 , 9789264753150 , 9789264924079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Risiko ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Institutioneller Investor ; Due Diligence ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report explores how institutional investors can apply risk-based due diligence as recommended by the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and help them prevent and mitigate adverse climate impacts associated with their investee companies on society and the environment. It provides practical recommendations on how to conduct due diligence as a way to connect climate commitments at portfolio level with real-economy impacts and draws on other frameworks and tools for assessing, managing or disclosing climate impacts associated with investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/8aee4fce-en
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  • 68
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    Subnational investment promotion and decentralisation in the OECD : Strategies and institutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper explores different frameworks of subnational investment promotion and facilitation and focuses on the link between these frameworks and the degree of and the degree of countries’ decentralisation, their role in regional FDI attractiveness and local development, and their relations with the levels of FDI regional disparities. It also examines characteristics of subnational investment promotion strategies and the quality of institutional relationships within regions, across regions and with the central government.
    DOI: 10.1787/ffd0927d-en
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  • 69
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    Generative artificial intelligence in finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.9
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration in the pace of AI innovation in recent years and the advent of content generating capabilities (Generative AI or GenAI) have increased interest in AI innovation in finance, in part due to the user-friendliness and intuitive interface of GenAI tools. The use of AI in financial markets involving full end-to-end automation without any human intervention remains largely at development phase, but its wider deployment could amplify risks already present in financial markets and give rise to new challenges. This paper presents recent evolutions in AI in finance and potential risks and discusses whether policy makers may need to reinforce policies and strengthen protection against these risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac7149cc-en
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  • 70
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    Assessing net-zero metrics for financial institutions : Supporting the monitoring of financial institutions’ commitments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.37
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Financial markets need clear information and credible metrics to inform climate-related investment and financing decisions. This report explores key challenges and opportunities related to the transparency, specificity and integrity of metrics to support the monitoring of financial institutions’ net-zero commitments. It provides an assessment of metrics put forward in five voluntary frameworks, identifies the type of information and metrics proposed, their common themes and gaps, as well as limitations in underlying methodological guidance that may hinder financial institutions’ ability to report and disclose metrics. The report highlights a need both for continued efforts to develop robust metrics and incentivise improved data disclosure, as well as for international co-operation to reduce fragmentation and provide further transparency on the scope of metrics and underlying methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/dedcfe56-en
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  • 71
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    Open finance policy considerations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Open finance enables the sharing of, and access to, financial sector data. This paper analyses the benefits, risks and implementation challenges of Open finance and provides policy recommendations for the safe and successful implementation of such data-sharing frameworks in finance. It considers the impacts of providing access to customers’ financial data and how to do this responsibly and safely, with due consideration for data privacy. The paper also discusses other consumer safeguards, notably related to consent and liability. Finally, it considers whether there is a need to support the development of technical infrastructure to promote data interoperability.
    DOI: 10.1787/19ef3608-en
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  • 72
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    OECD/INFE 2023 International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.39
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Understanding current levels of financial literacy and needs is key for the effective development of financial literacy strategies and programmes. This report presents the results of an international survey of financial literacy levels among adults. A total of 39 countries and economies, of which 20 are OECD member countries, participated in this third coordinated measurement exercise using the globally recognized OECD/INFE 2022 Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion to measure financial literacy levels among their adult populations. Results provide information about financial literacy levels and cover aspects of financial knowledge, financial behaviour and financial attitudes. In addition, the report provides information on financial inclusion, digital financial literacy levels and levels of financial well-being among adults in the participating countries and economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/56003a32-en
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  • 73
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    Financing SMEs for sustainability – Financial institution strategies and approaches : Results of an OECD survey of public and private financial institutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.46
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Banks and other financial institutions have a central role to play in supporting the net zero transition of the business sector and its millions of SMEs. They are working to integrate climate considerations in various aspects of their operations, including strategy, management and financial products. This calls for the development of new internal capacities and access to SME sustainability data and assessments which are currently difficult to obtain. This policy paper presents the findings of a 2023 survey of public development banks and private financial institutions, conducted by the by the OECD Platform on Financing SMEs for Sustainability. It provides insights on financial institutions' current approaches and plans for the integration of climate considerations in their SME operations. It also provides information on the offer of finance and non-financial support for SMEs’ net zero investments and on related SME climate-related data requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/b3fe3647-en
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    Fiscal equalisation and regional development policies : Is there a case for enhanced synergies? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.58
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation
    Abstract: Fiscal equalisation and regional development policies have often been perceived as separate policy fields. As a result, little is known about their potential interactions and implications for economic growth and welfare. This working paper reviews the two policies, explores the potential for enhanced synergies between the two, and proposes a theoretical framework linking them. The latter, which has not been empirically tested yet, posits that if regional development policies are correctly designed and implemented, their success should result in a drop of income disparities. Coupled with good governance practices and a framework that clearly allocates responsibilities among levels of government, more equal jurisdictions would find it easier to provide similar levels of services with comparable tax rates across the country. Therefore, whilst correctly designed and implemented fiscal equalisation policies remain a tool to patch gaps that may occur due to the shifting variety of revenue potential and spending needs of subnational entities, the need and the size of fiscal equalisation transfers could be significantly reduced if regional development policies in place are effective. This working paper concludes with a discussion on the benefits and challenges of enhancing synergies between the two policies, opening the door for future in-depth research.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d28a879-en
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  • 75
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    Impacts of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on the shipping and shipbuilding markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Belarus ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has had profound effects on the maritime sector. It directly disrupted maritime activities in the Black and Azov seas, causing the suspension of Ukrainian port operations and agricultural exports. Although an export corridor temporarily resumed activities, the termination of the agreement in July 2023 continues to affect Ukrainian shipping. International sanctions against Russia and Belarus have notably targeted shipowners and shipbuilders, restricting Russian ships' access to OECD ports. These sanctions have also halted orders for Russian ship owners in OECD countries, reducing new orders and vessel completions in Russian shipyards. While global seaborne trade and ship demand remain relatively unaffected, the war has prompted longer-term impacts such as altered trading routes, changes in energy demand and costs, potential implications for maritime decarbonisation, and an increase in "dark fleet" vessels.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f925e43-en
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    Financing cost impacts on cost competitiveness of green hydrogen in emerging and developing economies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.227
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Green hydrogen, produced from water and renewable power through the electrolysis process, can play a crucial role in the low-carbon transition to achieve the net-zero emission targets. Currently, the production cost of green hydrogen is not competitive when compared to hydrogen produced from natural gas. High capital costs are a major factor constraining its cost-competitiveness. This working paper utilises financial market data to address the knowledge gap concerning the range of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for green hydrogen projects. It also conducts a survey among investors and financiers to identify key risk factors contributing to the high WACC. The key risks that have been identified include offtaker risks, lack of credible offtakers, price uncertainty of green hydrogen, and the absence of hydrogen trading markets. These risks are closely connected to the available risk mitigation strategies and tools. The paper summarises key risk mitigation strategies identified through case studies of lighthouse green hydrogen projects that have either reached or are nearly point of reaching financial investment decisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/15b16fc3-en
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    Buying social with the social economy : OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems” (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/19
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Produced as part of the OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems” funded by the European Union, it explores the potential of procurement from the social and solidarity economy in creating social dividends, takes stock of global trends in social procurement among both public and private buyers, identifies challenges in access to markets for social and solidarity economy entities, and finally, provides concrete recommendations for policy makers on how to overcome them.
    DOI: 10.1787/c24fccd0-en
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    Integration of socio-economic impact into the development of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) in South Africa (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/07
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is one of the largest and most ambitious research infrastructure ever to be built. South Africa will be hosting one of its two main sites. The decision to host such an ambitious project for a middle-income country required careful consideration of the potential benefits and the associated risks for the socio-economic development of the country and the region more broadly. This working paper describes how the potential impact of SKA for South Africa was envisaged from the start of the project, how this was integrated in the project development, what policy initiatives and interventions were taken to maximize impact and the lessons learned, from South Africa’s science policy perspective, during the early phases of the development of the SKA.
    DOI: 10.1787/04438223-en
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    Museums and local development in Lisbon, Portugal (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/22
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Portugal
    Abstract: This case study assesses the strategies of the Museum of Lisbon as well as the related policies of Lisbon City Council to support local development. Through its five branches located across the city and its diverse partnerships with local stakeholders, the Museum of Lisbon has cemented its role as a community anchor institution. This case study focuses on the five dimensions featured in the OECD-ICOM Guide for Local Governments, Communities and Museums, namely the role of museums in: i) economic development, ii) urban regeneration, iii) education and creativity, iv) inclusion, health and well-being, and on iv) ways to mainstream the role of museums in local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/c11bfea3-en
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    Leveraging cultural and creative sectors for development in the European Union outermost regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/21
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les secteurs de la culture et de la création comme levier de développement des régions ultrapériphériques de l'Union européenne
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; French Guiana ; Mayotte ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This report assesses the current state and future potential of cultural and creative sectors (CCS) in the nine outermost regions of the European Union (EU): Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion, and Saint Martin (France); the Azores and Madeira (Portugal); and the Canary Islands (Spain). Global trends, such as increases in cultural tourism, trade in creative goods and services, and FDI in CCS offer significant opportunities for EU outermost regions to expand their cultural and creative sectors, promote synergies with tourism and help drive job creation. In addition, CCS policies can also boost well-being outcomes and social cohesion through preserving and promoting local cultural heritage and encouraging cultural participation. CCS policy which capitalises on these global trends, whilst recognising the specific context of EU outermost regions, could help promote these areas and contribute to local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/950f214a-en
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    Boosting Social Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise Development in Ireland : In-depth policy review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/20
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: Ireland is home to a vibrant social enterprise community, active in essential sectors such as health, care, and education, as well as local development and cultural and creative sectors. This report provides an in-depth analysis of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in Ireland. It identifies the country’s strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations. An action plan with concrete and actionable measures is also provided to support Ireland in the development of its new national social enterprise policy. Following an overview of the socio-economic landscape (Chapter 1), the report describes factors underpinning social entrepreneurship, social enterprises and the social economy in the context of Ireland (Chapter 2); analyses the institutional and legal framework around social enterprises (Chapter 3); explores conditions and opportunities for access to finance and funding (Chapter 4); navigates developments in access to public and private markets for social enterprises (Chapter 5); looks at the existing state of social impact measurement and data availability on social enterprises (Chapter 6) and concludes with skills and business development for social entrepreneurship (Chapter 7).
    DOI: 10.1787/3115bcb6-en
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    Enhancing Rural Innovation in the United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866683 , 9789264697263 , 9789264367203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: When it comes to high-tech innovations, the United States leads the path amongst OECD economies. However, in the context of the national record-breaking activities in high tech innovation, there lies distinct and growing geographical disparities. This report dives into strategies for better understanding innovation that occurs in rural places, and places outside major metropolitan areas, often going beyond science and technology. It provides analysis and recommendations to support regional development initiatives aimed at closing the gaps in innovation between rural and urban areas. The report includes a special topic chapter on the role of broadband and education in rural areas, exploring trends and providing policy recommendations to enhance rural innovation through these specific and critical framework conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/22a8261b-en
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    SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2024 : Building Resilience in Challenging Times (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264750456 , 9789264514225 , 9789264956445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2024 – Building resilience in challenging times is a unique benchmarking tool to assess and monitor progress in the design and implementation of SME policies against EU and international best practice. It embraces the priorities laid out in the European Union’s SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe and is structured around the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe, which provide a wide range of measures to guide the design and implementation of SME policies. This report marks the fourth edition in this series, following assessments in 2012, 2016, and 2020. It tracks progress made since 2020 and offers the latest key findings on SME development and related policies in the countries of the Eastern Partnership (EaP). It also identifies emerging challenges affecting SMEs in the region and provides recommendations to address them. The 2024 edition benefits from an updated methodology that also offers a deeper analysis of policies to support the digital transformation of SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/3197420e-en
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    The Space Economy in Figures : Responding to Global Challenges (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624795 , 9789264479197 , 9789264431959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Efforts to respond to global challenges have greatly benefited from space technologies that are more advanced, perform more efficiently and are operating at greater scale than ever before. But as the challenges facing society grow and intensify, questions arise as to whether the space sector can continue to deliver on its promise. Reaping the full benefits of what space activities have to offer will require substantial and targeted government action. Key priorities include maintaining the continuity and quality of government civilian missions, levelling the playing field for private actors entering the market, and securing the orbital environment for future generations. This edition of the Space Economy in Figures delves into these topics, drawing from both established and novel economic and policy data sources.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa5494aa-en
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    Pension Markets in Focus 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264390416 , 9789264897410 , 9789264322042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This edition of Pension Markets in Focus provides detailed and comparable statistics on asset-backed pension systems around the world, with data from January to December 2022. It examines the drivers of changes in total assets accumulated, including contributions and benefits paid, as well as financial market developments. In addition, the report assesses the financial sustainability of defined benefit plans (guaranteeing specific payments to plan members) and documents the fees paid by members.
    DOI: 10.1787/28970baf-en
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    Global Insurance Market Trends 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264666405 , 9789264550971 , 9789264522374
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Global Insurance Market Trends provides comparable, cross-country data on insurance markets. It is a comprehensive source of statistical information for government authorities (regulators, finance ministries, and central banks), the insurance sector, the research community, and consumers. The report is based on the inputs from national insurance authorities and supports monitoring and analysis of the insurance sector. This report shows data for 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/e141d5ff-en
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    Misuse of Citizenship and Residency by Investment Programmes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264853775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Citizenship and residency by investment (CBI/RBI) programmes are government-administered programmes that grant citizenship or residency to foreign investors by expediting or bypassing normal migration processes. These programmes can help spur economic growth through foreign direct investment, but they are also attractive to criminals and corrupt officials seeking to evade justice and launder the proceeds of crime reaching into the billions of dollars. This report highlights how CBI programmes can allow criminals more global mobility and help them hide their identity and criminal activities behind shell companies in other jurisdictions. It highlights the vulnerabilities of these complex and international investment migration programmes, including the frequent use of intermediaries, involvement of multiple government agencies, abuse by professional enablers and lack of proper governance of the CBI/RBI programmes. The report proposes measures and examples of good practice, that can help policy makers and those responsible for managing the investment migration programmes address these risks. These include an in-depth analysis and understanding of how criminals can exploit CBI or RBI programmes and incorporating risk mitigation measures, such as multi-layer due diligence, in the design of the investment migration programme.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae7ce5fb-en
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    Determinación del precio de los minerales : Un marco en materia de precios de transferencia - Bauxita (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Determining the Price of Minerals: Application to Bauxite
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cadre de détermination des prix des minéraux appliqué à la bauxite
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Taxation
    Abstract: En el sector minero, los ingresos públicos dependen de que los productos minerales tengan un precio y una medición precisos, pero las complejidades en torno a la fijación de precios surgen de diversos factores. Esta publicación aplica el marco de precios de los minerales -tal como se documenta en la obra conjunta de la OCDE y el IGF “Determinación del precio de los minerales: Un marco para precios de transferencia” para identificar los principales factores económicos que influyen en el precio de la bauxita a la hora de aplicar el método del Precio Comparable No Controlado para garantizar que los países en desarrollo puedan gravar adecuadamente las exportaciones de bauxita. También ofrece ejemplos prácticos de cómo aplicar con precisión el marco de precios de los minerales a la bauxita.
    DOI: 10.1787/777927ec-es
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    Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2021 : Aggregate Trends and Opportunities for Scaling Up Adaptation and Mobilised Private Finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264780460 , 9789264759169 , 9789264720954
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Financement climatique fourni et mobilisé par les pays développés en 2013-2021 : Tendances agrégées et opportunités pour accroître le financement de l'adaptation et la mobilisation de fonds privés
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report presents aggregate trends of annual climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries for the period 2013-2021. It includes breakdowns by climate theme, sector, financial instrument and recipient country grouping for the period 2016-2021. The report also provides key recommendations for international providers to increase financing towards adaptation and more effectively mobilise private finance for climate action, which are both important policy priorities and current bottlenecks. The recommendations in this report draw from two OECD publications on scaling up private climate finance and adaptation finance.
    DOI: 10.1787/e20d2bc7-en
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  • 90
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    Scaling Up Adaptation Finance in Developing Countries : Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264714250 , 9789264901896 , 9789264897014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report analyses current trends of adaptation finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries. It explores potential action areas for international providers to scale up funding for climate change adaptation, including by unlocking the potential of the private sector. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights to the broader and longer-term objective of supporting developing countries’ ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0878862-en
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  • 91
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    Scaling Up the Mobilisation of Private Finance for Climate Action in Developing Countries : Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264422209 , 9789264406827 , 9789264489998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report explores evidence-based action areas to increase and accelerate the mobilisation of private finance for climate action in developing countries, and the role of international public finance providers in doing so. It draws on best-available data to provide disaggregated analysis of the sectoral, geographic and other features of private finance mobilised by public climate finance and presents key economy-wide, sector-specific, and institutional challenges to private finance mobilisation. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights related to mobilising private finance for climate action in developing countries more broadly.
    DOI: 10.1787/17a88681-en
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  • 92
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    Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt : Spotlight on the AfCFTA and Industrialisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890510 , 9789264539907 , 9789264408913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Industrialisierung ; Industriepolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Ägypten ; AfCFTA-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: At a time when global trade is under pressure and countries increasingly turn to regional integration to support their development, this Spotlight is a timely read for policy makers and business leaders in Africa and beyond. It shows how harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) can support industrialisation in Egypt, and more widely in Africa, by tapping the full potential of regional supply chains, including renewable energies, pharmaceuticals, logistics and creative industries. This report builds on and enriches the Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt: Embracing Change, Achieving Prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ac95e0c-en
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  • 93
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    Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Southern African Development Community (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264435650 , 9789264687769 , 9789264546219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Investitionspolitik ; SADC-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is a large and dynamic regional economic community (REC) with the second highest level of regional integration among all African RECs. It has also been at the forefront of regional investment policymaking in Africa, with the Finance and Investment Protocol, the Investment Policy Framework, and the SADC Model Bilateral Investment Treaty. However, like much of Africa, SADC faces difficulties in attracting foreign direct investment which can contribute to sustainable development in the region. This report introduces newly developed OECD tools and analysis to the SADC region, including both FDI Qualities and a database on investment incentives. It is designed as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the SADC investment climate in order to prepare the region for the African Continental Free Trade Area, while also focusing on how to improve sustainable outcomes from investment. The report explores the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation in SADC, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/02c9ef1d-en
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  • 94
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    Financing Uzbekistan’s Green Transition : Capital Market Development and Opportunities for Green Bond Issuance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264852204 , 9789264841307 , 9789264757783
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umweltpolitik ; Anleihe ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; Finanzmarkt ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: The scale of Uzbekistan’s green transition requires a marked increase in private financing to fill the existing spending gap. The outsized role of the state in Uzbekistan’s economy and its underdeveloped domestic capital market act as significant constraints and call for a diversification of sources to finance the green transition. Since 2021, Uzbekistan has made green bonds a central part of its strategy to fill the financing gap and mobilise new sources of capital for its domestic green infrastructure projects. This publication explores the current market and institutional set-up in Uzbekistan, the reforms that have led to recent issuances of both sovereign and corporate thematic bonds, and the remaining barriers to further uptake of the instrument. The report also provides policy recommendations related to the market's institutional set up, Uzbekistan's regulatory framework for debt capital markets and emerging opportunities for further green bond use aimed at key stakeholders, including policy makers and market participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/27d2489d-en
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  • 95
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    FDI Qualities Review of Croatia : Advancing the Strategic Framework for Investment Promotion and Facilitation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264860414 , 9789264602908 , 9789264944237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Kroatien ; Finance and Investment ; Croatia
    Abstract: The FDI Qualities Review of Croatia provides policy recommendations on the design and implementation of a new strategic framework for investment promotion and facilitation in Croatia. It provides an assessment of how foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to sustainable development, including productivity and innovation, job quality and skills development, decarbonisation and regional development. It also examines the institutional and policy framework for investment promotion and facilitation at national and subnational levels. It gives an overview of Croatia’s investment incentives regime, focusing on the effective design and implementation of tax incentives. The report indicates potential areas for institutional and policy reform to improve Croatia’s investment climate and strengthen the economic, social and environmental benefits of FDI.
    DOI: 10.1787/79b2345b-en
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  • 96
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    Right here, right now? New evidence on the economic effects of services trade reform (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.271
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the “when, how and where” of the effects of service trade policy reforms, discussing short-term impacts on services trade as well as on the performance of downstream manufacturing industries. A combination of novel methodological approaches is used to be able to track impacts over time and along the supply chain. The OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index serves as the measure for trade policy reform. Results show that reducing policy barriers to services trade can increase services imports already in the short run, and that benefits continue to grow over time. The impact of services trade reforms may still vary significantly depending on the nature of the policy change, the economic context, and the targeted mode of services supply. Finally, services trade reforms can have sizeable spillover effects on the productivity of manufacturing sectors that use services as intermediate inputs.
    DOI: 10.1787/1159657f-en
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  • 97
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    SMEs in the era of hybrid retail : Evidence from an OECD D4SME survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.41
    Keywords: KMU ; Einzelhandel ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Digitalisation has triggered a profound transformation of the retail sector, primarily composed of SMEs. While retail businesses are embracing more hybrid practices of managing online and brick-and-mortar channels, getting more traditional SME retailers fit for the hybrid era could open up new opportunities, with far reaching implications on the local economy. Through a novel survey conducted in six OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Spain) in co-operation with e-commerce platforms, this report provides new insights to better understand retail SMEs’ perceived advantages and challenges of operating online sales through these platforms, with a particular spotlight on hybrid SME retailers.
    DOI: 10.1787/882f30b0-en
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  • 98
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    Competition Market Study of Ukraine’s Electricity Sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264846586 , 9789264643949 , 9789264631625
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ринкове Дослідження Стану Конкуренції В Електроенергетичному Секторі України
    Keywords: Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Wettbewerb ; Ukraine ; Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This market study analyses Ukraine’s electricity sector from a competition perspective. It provides a detailed description and assessment of the regulatory framework within which the Ukrainian electricity markets operate, as well as an analysis of the obstacles to competition in the wholesale and retail markets. This report includes recommendations to address the underlying causes of ineffective competition that, if implemented in the recovery phase following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, can contribute to achieving a well-functioning, competitive electricity sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/f28f98ed-en
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  • 99
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357334 , 9789264851894 , 9789264651142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: Addressing barriers to private-sector development has been a long-standing ambition of the government of Uzbekistan, with an extensive programme of reforms that began in 2017 redoubling efforts to foster the growth of a more competitive and productive population of private-sector firms. Uzbekistan needs a more dynamic and innovative private sector if it is to meet the challenges and seize the opportunities of the green and digital transitions, which create a new impetus for accelerating these reforms. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Uzbekistan, this report provides new insights into their perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/317ce52e-en
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  • 100
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    Tax and Investment by Multinational Enterprises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.64
    Keywords: Taxation ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper investigates two closely related questions concerning the responses of Multi-National Enterprise (MNE) investment to corporate income taxation using a panel of unconsolidated subsidiary-level and consolidated group-level data from the ORBIS database. First, the paper provides new evidence on the heterogeneity of investment responses to taxation across multinational firms. This paper finds that profit shifting opportunities, access to credit, and market power at the group level are associated with decreased investment sensitivity to taxation among MNE subsidiaries. Second, a new empirical approach is used to investigate how tax changes at the host jurisdiction level affect investment at the MNE group level and whether there are propagation effects to foreign subsidiaries within the same MNE group. This paper finds that taxation in one jurisdiction in which an MNE is active is positively associated with investment in its subsidiaries in other jurisdictions. This finding suggests that the well-document negative relationship between taxation and MNE investment within a host jurisdiction masks the MNE rebalancing the location of its investment to other host jurisdictions in response to changes in cross-jurisdictional tax rate differentials rather than purely decreasing its investment globally.
    DOI: 10.1787/e817ce39-en
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