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  • 2000-2004  (679)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (679)
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  • 2000-2004  (679)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in International Migration : SOPEMI (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199507
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
    DOI: 10.1787/migr_outlook-2002-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Statistics for Industry and Services : 1993-2000 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102729
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
    DOI: 10.1787/stat_indserv-2003-en-fr
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in International Migration : SOPEMI (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2002
    Keywords: Internationale Migration
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Statistics for Industry and Services : 1993-2000 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English , French
    Edition: Edition 2003
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Governance of Public Research : Toward Better Practices (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernance de la recherche publique ; Vers de meilleures pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research; Toward Better Practices (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    MF 9300
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Staatliche Forschung ; Finanzierung ; OECD ; Forschungspolitik ; Forschungseinrichtung ; Reform
    Abstract: This report deals with public sector research. It provides a comprehensive review of the challenges that call for changes in the governance of OECD countries’ science systems. It highlights emerging policy responses developed in these countries indicating better practices to deal with the challenges, and draws policy lessons that can inspire the reform process. Supporting chapters provide detailed descriptions and analyses of the structures of science systems, the procedures for priority setting, the changes to funding, and the management of human resources in R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103764-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Power Generation Investment in Electricity Markets (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report looks at how investors have responded to the need to internalise investment risk in power generation and how these responses have affected the organisation of the power sector and technology choices. This study looks at several cases of volatile prices in IEA countries’ electricity markets, and finds that while market prices can be a sufficient incentive for new investment in peak capacity, government intervention into the market to limit prices may undermine such investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105577-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ownership and Partnership : What Role for Civil Society in Poverty Reduction Strategies? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Appropriation et partenariat ; quel rôle pour la société civile dans les stratégies de réduction de la pauvreté ?
    DDC: 362.5091724
    RVK:
    MK 9200
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; Bürgerliche Gesellschaft ; Armut
    Abstract: Partnership Forums are the means by which the OECD Development Assistance Committee provides a venue for non-governmental actors to express their points of view and to offer their own contributions to development policy and strategy. In December 2000, the DAC and the Development Centre held a Forum on ways of integrating civil society into policy formation in developing countries, and to identify obstacles to such involvement. Participants agreed that civil society's role in poverty-reduction strategies had been an important element in succesful implementation. This book contains 8 papers presented at the Forum, covering experience in a variety of countries with a variety of stakeholders. The wide-ranging discussion concluded that civil-society participation in policy making not only enhances efficiency in implementation, but also contributes to the creation of more pluralistic and democratic political systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019423-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    South American Gas : Daring to tap the Bounty (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: South America is now one of the most attractive regions for investment in natural gas exploration and production, pipelines, LNG facilities and gas-fired power generation. The continent boasts abundant and growing natural gas reserves and several cross-border gas pipelines link gas-rich countries with large energy-hungry markets in neighbouring countries. This study reviews current trends in South America’s gas sector and identifies the challenges ahead for the region to take advantage of its gas resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195820-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    2002 Reports Related to the OECD Model Tax Convention (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.8
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapports de 2002 relatifs au Modèle de convention fiscale de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication includes three recent reports of the Committee on Fiscal Affairs that resulted in changes to the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and Capital (those changes were included in the update adopted by the Council of the OECD on 28 January 2003): "Restricting the Entitlement to Treaty Benefits", "Treaty Characterisation Issues Arising From E-Commerce: Report Adopted by the Committee on Fiscal Affairs", and "Issues Arising Under Article 5 (Permanent Establishment) of the Model Tax Convention".
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099920-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Delivering the Goods : 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Delivering the Goods : 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport
    DDC: 388.324
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Konsumgüterwirtschaft ; Güterverkehr ; Stadt ; City-Logistik
    Abstract: Although delivery of goods is vitally important for residents and industries in urban areas, the presence and operations of goods transport vehicles in urban areas are often regarded more as a nuisance than an essential service. Relatively little has been done by governments to facilitate the essential flows of goods in urban areas and to reduce the adverse impacts of urban goods transport on the communities being served
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; TABLE OF CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Developments in Urban Freight Logistics; Chapter 3 Approaches to Efficient Urban Goods Transport; Chapter 4 Actions Needed The Wider Picture; Annex 1 Members of the OECD Working Group on Urban Freight Logistics; Annex 2 Highlights of Practices in Member Countries; Annex 3 Tool Kit of Possible Measures; Annex 4 Examples of Measures Implemented or Planned in Member Countries; Annex 5 Data Available in Member Countries;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102828-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving Water Management : Recent OECD Experience (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Improving Water Management : Recent OECD Experience
    DDC: 333.91
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Trinkwasserversorgung ; Versorgungswirtschaft
    Abstract: This publication brings together the recent work of the OECD on water management issues. It identifies the main policy challenges addressed by that work for sustainable water management. Among the issues discussed are: performance of water management policies in OECD countries; water pricing; financing of water and wastewater infrastructure; water-related development co-operation; the social aspects of water pricing; biochemical technologies for improving water quality; and aid to the water supply and sanitation sector
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1. Key Trends and Challenges; Chapter 2. Meeting the Challenges: Recent OECD Experience; Chapter 3. Water Pricing in OECD Countries; Chapter 4. Water Pricing in Selected Non-OECD Countries1; Chapter 5. Working in Partnership with the Private Sector; Chapter 6. Technology and Information Needs forImproved Drinking Water Quality; Chapter 7. Aid to the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099500-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liberalising Fisheries Markets : Scope and Effects (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (385 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Liberalising Fisheries Markets : Scope and Effects
    DDC: 338.372
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Fischhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Seefischerei ; Regulierung ; Außenhandel ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: Over the past several decades, the fishing sector has experienced dramatic changes. Production and trade have increased considerably. The relative importance of developing countries has grown as they expanded their fishing efforts and as a result of over-fishing in OECD countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Preface; Executive Summary; Synthesis Report; Chapter 1. Markets and Resource Trends; Chapter 2. Preliminary Assessment; Chapter 3. Analytical Framework; Chapter 4. Inventory of Trade and Other Relevant Measures: National Contributions; Chapter 5. Inventory of Investments Measures; Chapter 6. Case Studies and Other Documentation; Annex 1. Tariff and trade statistics for fish products;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199873-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Governance of Public Research : Toward Better Practices (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Governance of Public Research : Toward Better Practices
    DDC: 352.74
    RVK:
    MF 9300
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Staatliche Forschung ; Finanzierung ; Forschungspolitik ; Forschungseinrichtung ; Reform
    Abstract: Science systems in nearly all OECD countries have experienced increasing pressures for change. These pressures reflect new challenges that go beyond the important issue of ensuring sustained funding for the research enterprise as a whole. These challenges must be addressed in the broader perspective of the governance of public research in order to include wider concerns related to: the decision-making processes for priority setting; the allocation of funds to the public research sector; the management of research institutions and the assessment of their performance in terms of contribution
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Chapter 1 Governing the Science System Challenges and Responses; Chapter 2 Structures of Science Systems; Chapter 3 Priority Setting Issues and Recent Trends; Chapter 4 Public Funding of R D Trends and Changes; Chapter 5 Management of Human Resources in R D;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103764-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099715
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (540 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices
    DDC: 631.4
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Landwirtschaft ; Bodennutzung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Interest in the quality and health of soil has grown with the recognition that soil is vital not only to production of food and fiber, but also the smooth functioning of the ecosystem, and overall environmental stability. Agriculture needs economic soil management practices that provide sufficient food and yet maintain environmental stability, ecological integrity, and the quality of essential resources
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099722-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sweden (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Sweden
    DDC: 331.39809485
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Schweden ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract:  In the face of rapid population ageing, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early-retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people signficantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 THE CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION OF OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 3 PROTECTING PEOPLE WHILE ENHANCING WORK INCENTIVES; Chapter 4 REMOVING DEMAND SIDE BARRIERS; Chapter 5 HELPING OLDER WORKERS TO FIND JOBS AND TO CONTINUE WORKING; Chapter 6 POLICY COHERENCE AND DILEMMAS; Bibliography;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199972-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agriculture and Biodiversity : Developing Indicators for Policy Analysis (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    ZA 54000
    RVK:
    ZB 60400
    RVK:
    WI 2200
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Artenreichtum ; Indikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Indikator ; Agrarökologie
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers from the OECD meeting on Agri-biodiversity Indicators held jointly with the EU and international organisations in November 2001, in Zurich-Rechkenhols, Switzerland. A key outcome was to establish a common agri-biodiversity framework that helps understand the complexity of agri-biodiversity linkages. Papers cover the following topics; agricultural genetic resources, wild species, ecosytems, linking habitats to species and an overview of agri-biodiversity indicators. It includes a set of recommendations to OECD with respect to agri-biodiversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199217-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Territorial Reviews: Vienna-Bratislava, Austria/Slovak Republic 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Austria ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: OECD's Territorial Review of the Vienna/Bratislava region. The Vienna-Bratislava region on the Austrian-Slovak border rapidly increased its competitiveness after 1989, following a 40 year separation by the Iron Curtain. As a result of the removal of many national and international barriers, trade flows and foreign direct investment have flourished, and regional growth, above national averages, has reduced internal disparities. However, new obstacles to further integration have emerged. Institutional reforms and stronger cross-border collaboration will enable the region to improve transport infrastructure, tackle restrictions on labour mobility, and better link the learning and productive systems on both sides of the border.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104693-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Inventions, Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing Practices : Evidence and Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that patents restrict access to the very innovations they are intended to promote. Yet others object to property rights at all for our genetic blueprint. This report presents the findings of an OECD Workshop held in Berlin to establish the impact of patents and licensing on development and access to genetic technology. The workshop drew on empirical studies and concluded that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The report provides recommendations to policy makers for improving the functioning of the licensing system. Please note that this title is only available on line, in pdf format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034730-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The e-Government Imperative (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique; un impératif
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique: un impératif
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: E-government is more about government than about “e”. The spread of new information and communication technologies has spurred major changes at all levels of society and notably in citizen expectations. Governments have also been integrating those technologies into work practices to keep pace and enhance the policy outcomes, service quality, and responsiveness to citizens that determine their effectiveness. E-government initiatives can bolster government effectiveness in important ways like facilitating cross-agency cooperation on complex problems, fostering a customer focus for services, and building relationships with private sector partners. Delay in implementing e-government reforms can thus handicap economic development in this increasingly competitive, rapidly changing world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101197-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory and Industry Co-operation on Nuclear Safety Research : Challenges and Opportunities (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coopération autorités de sûreté-industrie pour la recherche en sûreté nucléaire ; Défis et potentialités
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coopération autorités de sûreté-industrie pour la recherche en sûreté nucléaire : Défis et potentialités
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Regulator-industry co-operation in nuclear safety research has potential advantages as well as disadvantages. This report provides research managers in industry, regulatory organisations and research centres with information on current practices in collaborative safety research in OECD member countries. It identifies means of establishing effective industry-regulator collaboration and provides indications on how to overcome difficulties that can arise. It also advises on possible areas of concern. The report addresses in particular the issue of regulator independence, means to preserve it and ways to demonstrate it to the public while undertaking collaboration with industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103511-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Way Forward in Radiological Protection : An Expert Group Report (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique ; Rapport d'un Groupe d'experts
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique : Rapport d'un Groupe d'experts
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Virtually all national and international radiation protection regulations and standards are based on the recommendations published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). New recommendations, to replace those issued in 1990, are in the process of being developed for issuance in 2005, and it is in the interest of all NEA Member countries to ensure that these recommendations meet the needs of national regulatory organisations and practitioners. Since revisions began at the ICRP in 1999, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been leading discussions regarding what, in the old recommendations, could be improved or changed to make any new recommendations more functional. Based on a preliminary two-year study to identify those areas that should be improved, this report suggests specific improvements that would render the new system easier to understand and apply, and that should be considered for inclusion in the new ICRP recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061453-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Main Economic Indicators : Comparative Methodological Analysis: Wage related statistics Volume 2002 Supplement 3 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This publication compares key aspects of statistical methodologies used by OECD member countries in the compilation of wage related statistics. Such statistics comprise: wages and earnings; minimum wages; costs and prices; unit labour costs; and household income. The focus of the publication is data comparability in the context of international guidelines and recommendations published by the OECD and other international organisations. The publication also outlines the conceptual relationship between each of the wage related statistics covered.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175785-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biotechnology and Healthy Ageing : Policy Implications of New Research (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: If present trends in fertility and life expectancy continue, between one quarter and one third of the population in OECD countries will be over 65 years by 2025. The ageing population will have profound social and economic implications. Not surprisingly, countries are searching for ways to promote healthy ageing. The OECD Workshop on Healthy Ageing and Biotechnology, held in November 2000 in Tokyo, brought together an interdisciplinary group of world experts in molecular biology, geriatrics, epidemiology, health economics, ethics and health policy. Their perspectives are the subject of this book and collectively help provide a better understanding of the issues and relative contribution that biotechnological solutions will make to the promotion of healthy ageing. Please note that this title is only available on line, in pdf format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034747-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Application of the Principles of GLP to Computerised Systems (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL aux systèmes informatiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Application des principes de BPL aux systèmes informatiques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document specifies the application of the Principles of Good Lab Practice regarding the use of computerised systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078710-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quality Assurance and GLP (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance qualité et BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Assurance qualité et BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document defines quality assurance programmes required to meet Good Laboratory Practice princples.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078598-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance for the Preparation of GLP Inspection Reports (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directives pour la préparation de rapports d'inspection en matière de BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Directives pour la préparation de rapports d'inspection en matière de BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document suggests elements and/or concepts that can contribute to a useful report of a Good Laboratory Practice inspection and study audit. It may be used by Member countries as a component of their compliance monitoring programme.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078697-en
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Spain 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Spanien ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Spain's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105751-en
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    The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    DDC: 330.9177
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Understand growth disparities between OECD countries over the past twenty years through identification and analysis of underlying factors. Growth patterns through the 1990s and into this decade have turned received wisdom on its head. For most of the post-war period, OECD countries with relatively low GDP per capita grew faster than richer countries. Since the late 1990s, however, that pattern has broken down with the United States notably drawing further ahead of the field. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of growth drivers across the OECD and the extent to which disparities are attributable to factors like new technology and R&D, macroeconomic policy, education and training, labour market flexibility, product market competition, and barriers to business start-up and closure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199460-en
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  • 29
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    Public Procurement : Lessons from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.208
    Keywords: Development ; Kenya ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Uganda
    Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the public procurement system in three East African countries: Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. In response to both domestic and international pressures, these countries have recently undertaken important initiatives to make their public procurement systems more efficient and transparent in line with international procurement guidelines. The experience of the three countries with the reforms has been quite varied. While Tanzania has moved fast with the reforms and has already put in place a legislative framework for public procurement, Kenya and Uganda have yet to enact procurement legislation. In Kenya, a number of significant changes have already been effected through a ministerial gazette notice pending the coming into force of a Procurement Act. There is also an urgent need for strengthening institutions involved in public procurement, as these institutions tend to lack technical and human resource capabilities. Although the current East ...
    DOI: 10.1787/804363300553
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  • 30
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    Development Redux : Reflections for a New Paradigm (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.215
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: OECD Members, like those of the European Union, have created a new culture of policy interdependence and mutual respect. This gives the lie to the idea that cultures are deterministic, backward-looking realities that prevent some countries from developing and help others to do so. International policy dialogue and co-operation shaped and strengthened by peer pressure can be appropriate not only for the OECD’s membership but for others, especially if they share, at least among themselves, reasonably similar values of governance or, at least, on governance targets ...
    DOI: 10.1787/202613862246
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  • 31
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    Clicks, Bricks and Spondulicks (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des briques, des clics et de l'argent
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: “Clicks, Bricks and Spondulicks” is the title of a seminar organised by PEB to examine the relationship between the built learning environment and information and communications technology (ICT), as well as cost implications. The meeting sought to determine whether educational buildings and ICT should continue to be seen as separate entities competing for the same funds, or whether they should be treated as one holistic component of educational infrastructure. The international seminar, held in Brisbane, Australia, in March 2003, concentrated primarily on vocational training and higher educational buildings. The seminar presented benefits of integrated capital planning strategies, taking into account life cycle expectancies and ICT advances such as online delivery; modes of knowledge production and flexible delivery; government policies and implications for planners; and implications for policy-makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/645201705763
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  • 32
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    Tax Incentives and House Price Volatility in the Euro Area : Theory and Evidence (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.356
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: A problem associated with inflation differentials in monetary unions is that the “crowding-in” effect of lower real interest rates associated with high inflation will initially outweigh the loss of competitiveness (crowding out). The crowding-in effect may produce volatility in house prices, especially if tax regimes favour the occurrence of bubbles. This paper shows that this is the case notably in the smaller countries of the euro area, and this could explain the persistence of inflation differentials in the area to some extent ...
    DOI: 10.1787/410243688730
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    Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark : Phase IV-A: Reactivity Prediction Calculations for Infinite Arrays of PWR MOX Fuel Pin Cells (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The OECD/NEA Expert Group on Burn-up Credit was established in 1991 to address scientific and technical issues connected with the use of burn-up credit in nuclear fuel cycle operations. Following the completion of six benchmark exercises with uranium oxide fuels irradiated in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs), the present report concerns mixed uranium and plutonium oxide (MOX) fuels irradiated in PWRs. The report summarises and analyses the solutions to the specified exercises provided by 37 contributors from 10 countries. The exercises were based upon the calculation of infinite PWR fuel pin cell reactivity for fresh and irradiated MOX fuels with various MOX compositions, burn-ups and cooling times. In addition, several representations of the MOX fuel assembly were tested in order to check various levels of approximations commonly used in reactor physics calculations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103498-en
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    ICT and Economic Growth : Evidence from OECD countries, industries and firms (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC et la croissance économique ; Panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC et la croissance économique : Panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This report examines the impacts of ICT on business performance and the policies that can help seize its benefits. It argues that ICT remains an important technology for the years ahead, as ICT networks have now spread throughout the economy. What counts now is how the technology should be made to work. .
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101296-en
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    OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators : A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité ; Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators provides a systemic approach to measuring the success of stakeholders' chemical safety programmes by detailing targets, activity indicators and outcome indicators. It also provides flexibility for groups to design programmes to assess their own performance related to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to chemical accidents. The SPI (Safety Performance Indicators) serves as a guide to help industry, authorities and communities measure the extent to which actions help improve chemical safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019119-en
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Tertiary Education in Switzerland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; L'enseignement tertiaire en Suisse 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen der nationalen Bildungspolitiken; Die tertiäre Bildung in der Schweiz
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : L'enseignement tertiaire en Suisse 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen der nationalen Bildungspolitiken: Die tertiäre Bildung in der Schweiz
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: OECD reviews of national education policies provide a well-established means for member countries to engage their peers in reviewing their country’s policies. This report is divided into two parts: a background report, prepared by the Swiss authorities, and the OECD examiners’ report. This review makes recommendations for further improvements to the tertiary education system in Switzerland as it grapples with national and global challenges emerging from the transition to a knowledge society.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103092-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Japan's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Japan has ratified the Kyoto protocol and is implementing its 2002 climate change plan. The country has developed an impressive range of policies to address rising CO2 emissions from the energy sector. Some of the measures could be strengthened however, and made more cost-effective. Industry’s use of Kyoto flexible mechanisms could also reduce costs. Nuclear power plays a key role in Japanese energy policy, but the government’s objective of increasing nuclear generation has been impeded by safety-related incidents in recent years. It is vital to restore public confidence, to clarify the role of nuclear power in the liberalised electricity market and to improve the performance of the existing nuclear units. Japan has begun to reform its electricity and natural gas markets, but little competition has developed. The report finds helpful new government measures to further reform markets, but points out that the markets should be closely monitored. More effective measures may be necessary if competition does not develop.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014756-en
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    The Non-profit Sector in a Changing Economy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur à but non lucratif dans une économie en mutation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El sector sin fines de lucro en una economía cambiante
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Recent socio-economic trends, welfare state reform; the emergence of civil society and democracy have highlighted the growing significance of the non-profit sector – a sector between state and market – often associated with concepts such as ‘social economy’, ‘third sector’, ‘voluntary sector’, ‘third system’, ‘independent sector’ and, more recently, ‘social entrepreneurship’. This sector is facing a number of crucial new challenges such as management quality whilst both maintaining the sector's unique social dimension and fostering social innovation. Drawing on contributions from leading experts and academics, this report provides ground-breaking assessment of new trends; reviews the significant non-profit sector developments in EU countries, the US; Canada; Mexico and Australia; and provides tools on how to finance, monitor and evaluate the sector. This book, supported by statistical data, is for policy makers, practitioners, academics and the corporate sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199545-en
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    The future policy for radiological protection : a stakeholder dialogue on the implications of the ICRP proposals; workshop proceedings; Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain, 2 - 4 april 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264105719
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radiation protection
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The future policy for radiological protection
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105713-en
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  • 40
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    Attracting international investment for development : [held in Shanghai on 5 - 6 December 2002] (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264101942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Global Forum on International Investment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Attracting international investment for development
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101944-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Helsinki, Finland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Helsinki, Finlande 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Helsinki, Finlande 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finland
    Abstract: The Greater Helsinki Region emerged from the 1990s as an internationally competitive economy. This review examines the factors contributing to this success and the new development challenges it has created. One critical policy question is the Finnish dependence on the telecom/mobile industry. The current strategic positioning of the Finnish ICT cluster builds on a high-return/high-risk scenario. Long-term regional competitiveness requires a more focused strategy of diversification, i.e. developing ICT activities beyond the current cluster scope. Social inclusion is another crucial issue. Persistent unemployment among the less educated population and growing income disparities are calling for the restructuring of past policies. The Greater Helsinki Region needs to find ways to promote new opportunities of social cohesion. Rapid population growth has resulted from greater economic competitiveness requiring renewed commitment to managed growth and compact development. All of these challenges create needs for greater metropolitan co-ordination that are examined in turn.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199620-en
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  • 42
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    Managing Decentralisation : A New Role for Labour Market Policy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104716
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Decentralising labour market policy is a delicate and challenging subject of political debate. Does decentralisation really enable co-ordination of policies? At the local level, how do we make the best use of decentralised powers? How can greater flexibility be provided in managing policies while still guaranteeing efficiency and accountability? To enhance responsiveness to citizens’ needs, governments increasingly decentralise the way policies are designed and implemented. In the labour market policy area, many stakeholders, from business and local government to community groups and NGOs have been receptive. The OECD invited leading experts and experienced policy makers and practitioners to address these questions and share their experiences in dealing with such issues. This report, supported by statistical data, summarises the lessons learnt from their experiences. It is for researchers, leading experts, business communities, economists in government circles and NGOs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104716-en
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    A New Approach to Authorisation in the Fields of Radiological Protection : The Road Test Report (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103535
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Approaches to radiological protection have been evolving, particularly over the past several years. This has been driven by the emergence of modern concepts of and approaches to risk governance, and by calls from within the radiological protection community for the simplification and clarification of the existing system of protection, as based on the Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been very active in developing its own suggestions as to how the system of radiological protection should evolve to better meet the needs of policy makers, regulators and practitioners. One of those suggestions is that a generic concept of “regulatory authorisation” of certain levels and types of exposure to radiation should replace the current and somewhat complicated concepts of exclusion, exemption and clearance. It has also been suggested that by characterising emerging sources and exposures in a screening process leading into the authorisation process, regulatory authorities could develop a better feeling for the type and scale of stakeholder involvement that would be necessary to reach a widely accepted approach to radiological protection. In order to verify that these suggestions would make the system of radiological protection more understandable, easy to apply, and acceptable, independent consultants have “road tested” the CRPPH concepts of authorisation and characterisation. Their findings, which show that applying these concepts would represent significant improvement, are reproduced herein. Specific approaches for the application of the new CRPPH ideas are also illustrated in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103535-en
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    OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This second comprehensive edition of these Principles is to help public authorities, industry and communities worldwide anticipate accidents involving hazardous substances resulting from technological and natural disasters, as well as sabotage. It addresses the following issues: preventing the occurrence of chemical accidents and near-misses; preparing for accidents through emergency planning, public communication, etc.; responding to accidents and minimising their adverse effects; and following-up to accidents, regarding clean-up, reporting and investigation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101821-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Poland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Pologne 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Pologne 2003
    Keywords: Environment ; Poland
    Abstract: This review of Poland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100961-en
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  • 46
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    The Benefits and Costs of Structural Separation of the Local Loop (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.76
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper is aimed at responding to arguments that have been made about the necessity and benefits of structural separation of the telecommunications local loop.
    DOI: 10.1787/232804472031
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  • 47
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    Comparing Labour Productivity Growth in the OECD Area : The Role of Measurement (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/14
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines how measurement problems affect international comparisons of labour productivity. It suggests that these measurement problems do not significantly affect the assessment of aggregate productivity patterns in the OECD area. However, these problems do influence the more detailed assessment of productivity growth, notably the role of specific sectors and demand components in aggregate performance. The paper shows that there are only a few significant problems regarding the comparability of nominal GDP across OECD countries, the most important being the treatment of software investment. In most cases, efforts are underway to reduce the size of these differences. Measurement differences for real GDP are also important, although several of these factors have impacts that work in different directions. Moreover, several of these problems primarily affect the distribution of total GDP across different expenditure categories and across different activities, not necessarily ...
    DOI: 10.1787/126534183836
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    Measuring Investment in Software (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The latest system of national accounts (SNA93) recommended that purchases of software (and any own-account production) should be capitalised as long as the acquisition satisfied conventional asset requirements. This change added about 1% to GDP in most OECD economies in the mid-1990s. However, the range of the revision has been significantly different across countries, leading many observers to question the comparability of these statistics. An OECD task force set up in October 2001 confirmed that differences in estimation procedures contributed significantly to the differences in software capitalisation rates, and a set of recommendations describing a harmonised method for estimating software were formulated. Most of these recommendations were approved at the OECD 2002 National Accounts Expert meeting. This paper reviews the recommendations in its annexes, giving more expansive explanations in some areas, and provides estimates of changes to GDP levels and growth that might be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/335303788330
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    Social Assistance in Germany (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.58
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: This paper follows the framework developed in past OECD studies for analysis of social assistance programmes that aim to provide low-income clients with adequate financial support while simultaneously promoting their reintegration into labour market and, where necessary, mainstream society. Increasingly, jobless citizens in Germany rely on social assistance: a role for which the programme was never intended. Indeed, there are two other programmes that serve the unemployed in Germany, and this paper discusses social assistance in the context of its relationship to Unemployment Insurance and Assistance benefits. First, this study provides a concise overview of Germany’s public social system, and discusses federal relations inasmuch they have a bearing on the delivery of public assistance benefits. The study discusses the nature of benefits available to social assistance clients in general, and related support measures for particular client-groups, for example, lone parent families ...
    DOI: 10.1787/338133058573
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    The US Health System : An Assessment and Prospective Directions for Reform (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.350
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper assesses the performance of the United States health system in an international context and discusses potential directions for reform. The US health system is unique among OECD countries in its heavy reliance on the private sector for both financing and delivery of health care. The public sector plays a not-insignificant role, providing coverage for the elderly, disabled and poor, and spending as much on health as a share of GDP as is spent in total by many OECD countries. The system is considered highly flexible, capable of evolving quickly to address the changing preferences of consumers and the incentives put in place by the requirements of payers and government regulation. It is also characterised by excellent access by the insured population to the latest advances in medical technology. However, 14 per cent of Americans lack insurance coverage, and the decentralised, multi-payer approach to financing and regulation provides relatively few levers to control ...
    DOI: 10.1787/768340075526
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    Agricultural and Human Health Impacts of Climate Policy in China : A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Guangdong (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.206
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China’s climate policy over the coming decades will be crucial to efforts to slow global warming. While CO2 emissions growth slowed in the 1990s, it is too early to know if this represents the beginning of a long-term downward trend in the carbon intensity of China’s economy. Climate policymaking needs to consider the full range of economic costs and benefits of slowing greenhouse gas emissions growth. Like other developing countries, China’s medium-term preoccupation is with ensuring poverty-reducing economic growth, so climate policy must be both effective and consistent with this developmental goal. This study of health and agricultural productivity effects of a carbon tax shows that there is considerable scope for slowing emissions growth without diminishing economic welfare. The health benefits of reduced local pollution are significant, and the welfare gains from improved agricultural productivity are almost as large. When both health and agricultural benefits of a carbon tax ...
    DOI: 10.1787/110657276654
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    Globalisation in Developing Countries : The Role of Transaction Costs in Explaining Economic Performance in India (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.219
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The quest for large numbers has been going on for some time in international trade economics: models of trade liberalisation have consistently produced results that, compared ex post with real world data, show the right sign but the “wrong” magnitudes. This paper proposes a new approach by considering transaction costs reductions as an important factor explaining developing countries’ actual performances. Rather than presenting econometric estimates of transaction costs from reduced form equations, this study explicitly introduces transaction costs in a system of structural form equations to build a general equilibrium simulation model. A clear mapping of the analytical channels through which changes of transaction costs affect the economic results is thus a primary objective. Additionally to the effect on aggregate income, the large number issue, this paper examines how transaction costs influence income distribution. Numerical simulations based on India are presented ...
    DOI: 10.1787/168464882170
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    Broadband Driving Growth : Policy Responses (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.75
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD's policy response to the challenge of maximising the benefits of broadband Internet services for economic and social development.
    DOI: 10.1787/232838768555
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    National Versus Regional Financing and Management of Unemployment and Related Benefits : The Case of Canada (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: Decentralization looms large in any analysis of Canadian economic and social policy. This trend has been especially pronounced in the area of unemployment insurance (UI) and social assistance (SA) programmes. Provinces now manage SA programmes and retain 100% of any cost savings that they achieve, while the Federal government maintains full responsibility for the passive component of UI. Under a series of provincial-federal Labour Market Development Agreements, since 1997 most of Canada's provinces have taken over administrative responsibility for the employment benefit and support measures (EBSMs) targeted on UI beneficiaries. A number of articles have examined the implications for provincial SA systems of restrictive measures in the UI programme. This paper examines the possibility that provinces may shift actual and potential SA clients onto the insurance system (now called employment insurance, EI). It concludes that within the context of EBSMs, any cost-shifting of this ...
    DOI: 10.1787/023874261242
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    Stroke Care in OECD Countries : A Comparison of Treatment, Costs and Outcomes in 17 Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 103 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.5
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The Ageing-Related Diseases study compares health care systems by examining treatment trends and health outcomes on a disease-by-disease basis. Most of the day-to-day decisions that determine health care system performance are made in treating specific diseases. Therefore, the ARD’s bottom-up approach to comparing health care system performance at the disease level, rather than the more common top-down approach, goes to the heart of health care system performance. This paper presents such an analysis for stroke. There is considerable variation in treatment trends for the same diseases across countries and much of this variation can be explained by differences in structural characteristics of health care systems. A diseaselevel analysis begins with an examination of these characteristics: the economic incentives, policies and regulations that affect individual providers’ decisions for treating a specific disease, defining a particular health care system’s approach. In order ...
    DOI: 10.1787/380362605045
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: South Eastern Europe 2003 : Volume 1: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Europe du Sud-Est 2003 ; Volume 1 ; Albanie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Bulgarie, Croatie, Kosovo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Europe du Sud-Est 2003 : Volume 1 : Albanie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Bulgarie, Croatie, Kosovo
    Keywords: Education ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Montenegro ; Serbia
    Abstract: Educational work is a key element for both human capital formation and the promotion of peace and democratic values. It has therefore been identified as one of the priorities of the Stability Pact. The OECD was asked to be Co-ordinator for “General Education Policy and System Change” within the Education and Youth Task Force, and to carry out “Thematic Reviews of Education Policy” in the countries of the region. The main outcome of this project is a series of reports which provide both country overviews and a regional overview. These reports offer an analysis of the education system and address issues and barriers to reform and recommendations. The recommendations are designed to be of use for national policy-makers and to assist Stability Pact partner countries and institutions target regional assistance in order to achieve the goal of supporting South Eastern Europe towards European integration. These reports are part of the OECD’s ongoing co-operation with non-member economies around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100725-en
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    India's Information Technology Sector : What Contribution to Broader Economic Development? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.207
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: What contribution can information technology (IT) make to India’s overall economic development? This paper provides an analytical framework centred around the concepts of comparative advantage, complementarities, and innovation. There is strong evidence that India has a strong and sustainable comparative advantage in software development and IT-enabled services. Complementarities — in particular some form of domestic hardware industry as well as growing demand for software within the domestic market — are also important to sustain the growth of the IT sector, as well as to broaden its developmental impact. The paper also reviews innovative experiments of IT use to improve interactions between citizens and governments, farmers and corporations, and students and teachers in rural areas. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of opportunities for future growth in IT-enabled services, constraints to such dynamics, and possible policy responses. India faces existing and potential ...
    DOI: 10.1787/415611470546
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : United States (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/12
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has the oldest and most developed venture capital industry in the OECD. Several successful high-technology companies in computers and communications, as well as in healthrelated sectors and services, were venture-backed. Young high-growth firms also benefit from a continuum of complementary finance from business angels, institutional investors and second-tier stock markets. The government played an active role in the early phases of the venture capital industry through the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program and various technology development schemes. A reduction in capital gains tax rates and liberalisation of rules for pension fund investments in risky assets in the late 1970s also unlocked new capital sources. Venture capital activity, however, has been quite cyclical. Periods of high fund-raising and investment in the 1980s and 1990s were followed by market downturns with negative effects on small firm survival and growth. Fundamental structural ...
    DOI: 10.1787/412177706602
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    The Currency Premium and Local-Currency Denominated Debt Costs in South Africa (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.230
    Keywords: Development ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the priorities set out in the Capital Flows Initiative of the NEPAD is to increase private capital flows to Africa, whereby providing African economies with longterm affordable and sustainable resources to finance their development. In this respect, lower debt costs may be of utmost importance in boosting investment and future output growth on the continent. This paper aims at identifying the determinants of South African currency premia — such premia usually form an important element of debt cost in developing countries — in order to assess the scope of South African economic policies for narrowing the spread on local-currency denominated debt. South Africa is one among very few emerging economies able to borrow long-term domestically and abroad in its own currency, the rand, and one of the few to have developed its domestic bond market fairly well. However, the rand nominal exchange rate has proved increasingly unstable and volatile over the last years. As a result ...
    DOI: 10.1787/608773542458
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    Female Labour Force Participation : Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.376
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries, including a number of policy instruments such as the tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, child benefits, paid maternity and parental leaves, and tax incentives to sharing market work between spouses. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), stronger tax incentives to share market work between spouses, childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leaves Unlike childcare subsidies, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Finally, female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082872464507
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    An Environmentally Sustainable Development in Australia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/18
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une conception urbaine écologique en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: The future Kelvin Grove Urban Village in Queensland, Australia, is an example of how principles of environmentally sustainable design have translated into practice. Those responsible for the new project recognise the importance of building design that respects the environment by using resources efficiently and minimising pollution. The site’s master plan requires developers to comply with environmentally sustainable design principles adopted for the site’s buildings.
    DOI: 10.1787/643454680621
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    An Industrial Building Converted into a Girls School in Australia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un bâtiment industriel reconverti en école de filles en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: An industrial building in Perth, Western Australia, has been converted into a secondary school to suit the particular needs of girls with educational and social difficulties. The aim of the building project was to provide a small school for approximately 30 students that caters to the needs of adolescent girls who are unable to operate within the mainstream or independent school systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/645105658528
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    Child Labour in South Asia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.5
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that 19% of children aged 5-14 in Asia and the Pacific are economically active (ILO, 2002). These 127.3 million children constitute 60% of all child labourers worldwide. The aim of this study is to better understand child labour in South Asia through in-depth case studies of the child labour experience in three countries: Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Several themes about child labour emerge in examining data from these three countries. First, any discussion of child labour needs to consider wage work as well as unpaid work including household production activities. Children who work in one type of activity are more likely to work in other activities as well. Thus, focusing on only one aspect of child employment seriously understates child labour supply. Second, there is some evidence of important substitutions of child and adult labour across different household activities that may be very costly for the welfare of the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/586070427316
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    The Effectiveness of Public Expenditure in Portugal (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.349
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: Over the past decade, Portugal has experienced imbalances and inefficiencies in the public sector that have impeded better economic performance. Though Portugal’s total spending as a proportion of GDP is somewhat below the EU average, the rapid and uncontrolled growth of its primary current spending to a level now above the OECD and EU average, is worrying, because it puts at risks long-term fiscal sustainability. This paper points to major shortcomings in the budget management process and in the planning and control of public spending. The paper acknowledges recent action taken by public authorities to address some of the shortcomings and makes recommendations for moving further ahead. It suggests policy options that can make public expenditure more efficient and effective at overall levels. Administrative control, the cost-effectiveness of service provision, and incentives for efficient resource allocation all need to be improved. Ongoing efforts to develop accruals-based ...
    DOI: 10.1787/636037755640
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    Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries : Facts and Policy Responses (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Fertility rates have declined in most OECD countries to levels that are well below those needed to secure generation replacement. While attitudes towards this decline in fertility rates differ across countries, several OECD governments have introduced — or are considering — specific measures aimed at countering it. Such measures are often justified by government’s wish of either reducing some of the negative consequences of population ageing for society as a whole, or of removing obstacles that discourage those women wishing to have more children from doing so, because of the negative economic consequences of childbearing and of the length of the associated responsibilities. This paper provides a comparative overview of the evidence about the size, timing and nature of this decline in fertility rate across “mature” OECD countries, and about the effects of different measures introduced to deal with it. The first chapter of this paper reviews a range of indicators of the fertility ...
    DOI: 10.1787/568477207883
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    Australia's Oak Valley Aboriginal School (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'école aborigène de Oak Valley en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: In the Australian desert, a new school has been built for an Aboriginal community, replacing their previously transient school services. The design took into account the difficult site limitations and the community's needs and traditional values.
    DOI: 10.1787/714337078782
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    The Retirement Effects of Old-Age Pension and Early Retirement Schemes in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.370
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the impact of old-age pension systems and other social transfer programmes on the retirement decision of older males in OECD countries. For each of the 55-59, 60-64 and 65+ age groups, a new panel dataset (22 OECD countries over 1969-1999 or shorter periods in some cases) of retirement incentives embedded in those schemes is constructed for an illustrative worker. The main focus is on the implicit tax rate on working for five more years, which sums up various dimensions of retirement incentives such as the pension accrual rate but also, to a lesser extent, the availability and generosity of benefits. There is currently wide dispersion across OECD countries in implicit tax rates on continued work embedded in old-age pension and early retirement schemes: they are high in most Continental European Countries, compared with Japan, Korea, English-speaking and Nordic countries. Simple cross-country correlations and panel data econometric estimates both show that ...
    DOI: 10.1787/308728704511
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    Consolidating Germany's Finances : Issues in Public Sector Spending Reform (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.366
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: While the German federal fiscal system has been successful in promoting a high standard of living even in regions whose economic capacity is low, tensions have emerged. Firstly, it has been difficult to ensure a sustainable fiscal policy, and the size of the overall deficit makes it difficult for the automatic stabilisers to operate freely. Second, overlapping responsibilities between governments and the financing of public spending programmes via inter-governmental transfers provide individual governments with little incentives to contain costs and demand. Thirdly, social spending often discourages a higher utilisation of labour. Furthermore, public expenditure is going to have to cope with increasing pressure due to the substantial deterioration of the old-age dependency ratio projected for the next years and decades and the continuing fiscal burden associated with reunification. Hence, continuing the process of fiscal consolidation and improving the quality of government ...
    DOI: 10.1787/530550148634
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    Structural Policies and Growth : A Non-Technical Overview (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.355
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In contrast to what has happened throughout the 1960s and 1970s, some of the largest EU countries and Japan are no longer closing the income gap vis-à-vis the United States. Worse, the gap may even be widening since the mid-1990s. While in the case of Japan the gap in GDP per capita is essentially due to the lagging performance in labour productivity, the European Union is trailing mainly in terms of labour resource utilisation, reflecting both lower employment rates and fewer hours worked. This paper provides a brief overview of the main structural factors thought to have contributed to differences in the degree of labour resource utilisation, as well as in the intensity of physical and human capital use and in the pace of technological progress. In doing so, it provides a set of performance and policy indicators which can be used to assess progress achieved in structural reform ...
    DOI: 10.1787/877032331705
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    The Application of the GLP Principles to Field Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL aux études sur le terrain
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document specifies the application of the Good Laboratory Practice principles to field studies, interpreting such concepts as study, test site, study director, management responsibilities, quality assurance, etc. for application in this specific context.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078635-en
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : Norway (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/17
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: The Norwegian venture capital market is oriented towards expansion investments in traditional sectors and suffers from a lack of private risk capital as well as of entrepreneurial demand. Norway needs to increase the entry of innovative start-ups in order to diversify the economy beyond its resource-based sectors. In addition to reducing its dominant role in providing venture capital through privatisation of SND Invest, the government should further privatise industrial holdings, reduce quantitative restrictions on institutional investors, and remove the wealth tax which deters venture investing. This paper analyses trends in Norwegian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process.
    DOI: 10.1787/331327816481
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    Export Diversification in Low-Income Countries : An International Challenge After Doha (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper discusses major policy issues related to commodity dependence and export diversification in low-income countries. Contrary to some widely-held view, it argues that natural resources are not necessarily a “curse” — that they do not condemn low-income countries to underdevelopment but can provide rather a basis for sustained export-led growth. Natural resource-based sectors have potential for export diversification. The OECD “mirror” trade data suggest that many different routes to diversification exist, including resource-based manufacturing and processing of primary products. However, these opportunities are not being exploited in many low-income countries. This is because export diversification is typically a slow process, and this process needs to be sustained by an appropriate and coherent strategy, characterised by a combination of vision, co-ordination and management of conflicting interests. Moreover, the analysis of trade support services in two African countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/043266813306
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    Hongrie (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Hongrie
    Keywords: Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: After the parliamentary elections, Viktor Orbán, leader of the FIDESZ-Magyar Polgári Párt (Alliance of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party), received a mandate from the president of the republic to form a government and to submit his government programme to parliament. He was elected by parliament as prime minister in June 1998. The new government is composed of the prime minister and 17 ministers. Of the latter, 12 were nominated by FIDESZ-MPP, four represent the Independent Small-Holders’ Party, and one was proposed by the third coalition partner, the Hungarian Democratic Forum. The new coalition has an absolute majority in parliament (with some 55 per cent of the seats). The next regular parliamentary elections are scheduled for spring 2002. The president of the republic is Árpád Göncz. In 1995, he was re-elected by parliament for a five-year term of office. Parliament has approved the new government programme for the next four years. Its priorities include the development of the social state; the maintenance of citizens’ security in all spheres of life; and the fostering of economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk183z8t6h-en
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    Globalisation and Poverty Changes in Colombia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.226
    Keywords: Development ; Colombia
    Abstract: Assessing the final impact of globalisation on poverty is a difficult task: i) globalisation affects poverty through numerous channels; ii) some linkages are positive and some are negative and therefore cannot be analysed qualitatively but require quantitative assessments, i.e. formal numerical models; and iii) trade expansion and growth (key aspects of globalisation) are essentially macro phenomena, whereas poverty is fundamentally a micro phenomenon. In this paper we use a new method that combines a micro-simulation model and a standard CGE model. These two models are used in a sequential fashion (as in a recent paper by Robilliard et al., 2002). The CGE model and the micro-simulation model are calibrated using a recent SAM and household survey for Colombia and together they capture the structural features of the economy and its detailed income generation mechanisms. We use this framework to analyse the important income distribution and poverty changes occurred with the great ...
    DOI: 10.1787/652528552076
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  • 75
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    Venture Capital Policies in Canada (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada has one of the highest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. Between 1995 and 2001, Canada realised phenomenal growth in venture capital supply and the creation of over 200 new venture capital funds. However, the largest share of Canadian venture capital goes to follow-on funding of smaller firms -- rather than to new deals involving start-ups -- and to traditional manufacturing sectors. In the late 1990s, the Canadian government began attempts to diversify the sources of venture funds through liberalising rules for institutional and foreign investors, modifying tax incentives and introducing government equity funds. Foreign investors, particularly from the United States, are now the major players and are targeting their funding to technology-based start-ups. This paper analyses trends in Canadian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/767750000035
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  • 76
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    Availability and Characteristics of Surveys on the Destination of Doctorate Recipients in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Disponibilité et caractéristiques des enquêtes sur la destination professionnelle des titulaires de doctorats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As far as we know, there is no study that identifies databases relating to the destination of doctorate recipients, including at international level. Young scientists unquestionably play an important role in research and innovation. Consequently, it is necessary to develop statistical sources to find out about the destinations of doctorate recipents. Such information is extremely valuable to the authorities for framing research and innovation policies. This study has two objectives: first, to review existing statistical sources in the OECD countries, and to discuss their comparability. All told, 21 countries replied to the questionnaire on the existence of such databases, representing 25 data sources available for analysis. The analysis focused on the main aspects of the labour market for young researchers: the existence of queues for academic posts with, correlatively, post-doctoral training, relations between public research systems and industrial ...
    DOI: 10.1787/245308553443
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  • 77
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    Building Capacity to Trade : What Are the Priorities? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.223
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Doha Declaration stresses the “important role” of “well targeted, sustainably financed technical assistance and capacity-building programmes”. It dedicates a whole section to them, and reiterates the commitment of its membership to help the weakest among them participate effectively in the multilateral trade system. What does this mean in practice? What exactly is the purpose of “trade capacity building” (TCB)? Who should provide this assistance and how? Is it all gain for developing countries, or does it entail risks? As more and more funds are earmarked for TCB, often for the benefit of countries with very low absorption capacity, recipients and donors need clear answers to these questions. Based on a recent review of trade capacity building projects administered in African and Caribbean countries, and on recent analytical work in Eastern Africa, this paper attempts to provide some elements of response2 ...
    DOI: 10.1787/074824026731
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  • 78
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    Improving Workers' Skills : Analytical Evidence and the Role of the Social Partners (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: There is a wide consensus that workforce skills are an important determinant for economic growth. Alongside initial education, continuous education and training (hereafter referred to as CET) plays a key role in meeting these skill needs. This report examines possible positive impacts of CET on workers’ performance, and discusses some policy issues with a special focus on the role of the social partners. Access to CET is associated with workers’ characteristics and literacy level Over and above international differences in training participation – with the Nordic countries showing the highest participation rates – access to CET appears to be consistently unequal across socioeconomic groups. In all the countries reviewed, the low-educated and older workers are under-represented in firm-training programmes. The incidence of CET is also positively associated with workers’ literacy levels. Importantly, the erosion of literacy with age seems to be slower in countries with high training ...
    DOI: 10.1787/535875452181
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  • 79
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    Designs for Learning in the Knowledge Age (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concevoir L'apprentissage à l'âge du savoir
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This overview of designs for learning in the Knowledge Age briefly explores the relationship between learning and the built environment, and the role of teachers in designing educational spaces; it calls for a collaborative campaign and suggests future action.
    DOI: 10.1787/656483245788
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  • 80
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    Broadband and Telephony Services Over Cable Television Networks (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.77
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Broadband Internet access is one of the first services where there has been a convergence between communications platforms built for different purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/232788646665
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  • 81
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    Float in Order to Fix? : Lessons from Emerging Markets for EU Accession Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.218
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The so-called “accession economies” preparing to enter the European Union are experiencing increased inward capital flows based upon positive interest spreads and expectations of currency appreciation. While the authorities of these countries have tried to manage these flows and to prevent unjustified appreciation of their currencies, the policy mix they may be tempted to apply can benefit from experiences elsewhere. Episodes of heavy capital inflows are well known to emerging markets and have often ended in tears. The 1990s saw three separate regional currency crises: the European crisis of 1992-93, the Latin American crisis 1994-95, and the Asian crisis 1997- 98 followed by crises in Russia and Brazil, and recently by Turkey and Argentina. Obviously, a major currency crisis every 24 months is too much for policy makers’ comfort. The virulence, speed and contagion of financial crises that have hit prospective entrants to rich-country clubs repeatedly over the past two decades have ...
    DOI: 10.1787/664633553338
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  • 82
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    Financial Market Integration in the Euro Area (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.368
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: Although there is no single yardstick to gauge the degree of integration, there is ample evidence that financial markets in the euro area have some way to go before national demarcation lines will effectively disappear and financial market integration is satisfactory. While there has been a push towards integration from the centre, global developments, such as advances in information technology, falling communication costs and standardisation of products, have been the main drivers, while national policies often acted as an impediment. The integration of financial markets finally became a policy priority with the adoption of the FSAP as part of the Cardiff process launched in 1998. For the European Union to have a fully satisfactory regulatory framework for financial markets in place in 2005, further efforts are needed. This paper takes stock of current developments and proposes a set of further suggestions for policy action ...
    DOI: 10.1787/580278274030
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    Towards Sustainable Development : The Role of Social Protection (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 106 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Three main elements characterise the notion of sustainable development: first, a broad view of human well-being, in which environmental and social elements are important as well as economic ones; second, the view that many of the effects of today's decisions will last over time, thereby affecting the well-being of future generations; third, the view that many of today's problems have their roots in actions and policies in other fields, whose unintended consequences may not be coherent with society's broader priorities and aspirations. While particularly relevant in the environment field, Chapter 1 argues that these notions also permeate analysis of a large range of social concerns. This is so in particular because of their intergenerational dimension. Social problems affecting individuals in a given phase of their life-course often influence their opportunities at a later phase, as well as those of their offspring. Most social programmes also represent a form of intergenerational ...
    DOI: 10.1787/221667753377
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  • 84
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    Indicator Models of Real GDP Growth in Selected OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.364
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Accurate and timely information on the current state of economic activity is an important requirement for the policymaking process. Delays in the publication of official statistics mean that a complete picture of economic developments within a particular period emerges only some time after that period has elapsed. The research described in this paper develops a set of econometric models that provide estimates of GDP growth for a number of major OECD countries and zones in the two quarters following the last quarter for which official data have been published. These models exploit the considerable amount of monthly conjunctural information that becomes available before the release of official national accounts data. Information is incorporated from both ‘soft’ indicators, such as business surveys, and ‘hard’ indicators, such as industrial production and retail sales, and use is made of different frequencies of data and a variety of estimation techniques. An automated procedure is ...
    DOI: 10.1787/275257320252
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  • 85
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    Of Flying Geeks and O-Rings: Locating Software and IT Services in India's Economic Development (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.224
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This paper offers an analytical framework for understanding the evolution of India’s software industry and its place in the broader economy. It then considers how well the framework helps to answer three questions: i) What difference has the IT sector made to aggregate economic performance, at national and at state level? ii) What has been the impact of IT-sector growth on income distribution and on poverty? iii) What policy or other measures might enhance the benefits of the sector’s growth to ordinary Indians? ...
    DOI: 10.1787/165600237462
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  • 86
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    The Environmental Performance of Public Procurement : Issues of Policy Coherence (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale des marchés publics ; Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale des marchés publics : Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Keywords: Environmental policy OECD countries ; Congresses ; Government purchasing Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Green products OECD countries ; Congresses ; Environment ; Governance ; Öffentliche Beschaffung ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: In recent years, a significant number of OECD member countries have introduced initiatives to reduce the environmentally damaging effects of public procurement. Many countries have introduced "greener public purchasing" (GPP) policies in order to increase the recycled content of products or achieve specified levels of energy efficiency in capital equipment. This book examines these issues in detail. It is the outcome of a Workshop on "Greener Public Purchasing", held at the Austrian Ministry of the Environment in Vienna in October 2001.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101562-en
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    The Pig Sector (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur porcin
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Schweinezucht ; Umweltbelastung ; Biodiversität ; Schweinefleischproduktion ; Schweinefleischmarkt ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. It argues that liberalising trade is likely to generate some environmental benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104174-en
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  • 88
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    A Disease-based Comparison of Health Systems : What is Best and at what Cost? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100053
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QX 700
    Keywords: Health Policy ; Health Services for the Aged economics ; Medical care Quality control ; Medical economics ; Medical policy ; Medical technology ; Older people Medical care ; Economic aspects ; Quality of Health Care ; Technology, Medical ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitswesen ; Vergleich
    Abstract: What approach to treating certain ageing-related diseases works best and at what cost? That is, what combination of health care system characteristics, prevention, detection, technology and treatment, is the most cost-effective? The OECD Ageing-Related Diseases study investigated how health systems treat three diseases: ischemic heart disease, stroke and breast cancer. This book includes papers discussing the results of the OECD study with essays by leading experts, and uses a disease-based approach to comparing health-systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100053-en
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  • 89
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    Organic Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.584
    RVK:
    ZA 55300
    RVK:
    ZB 61000
    RVK:
    ZB 85000
    Keywords: Organic farming Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming OECD countries ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Biologische Landwirtschaft ; Umweltfaktor ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The economic performance of organic farms is mixed, with considerable variation in the yields achieved and the premiums received for products within and across OECD countries. This publication reveals that organic agriculture is disadvantaged by current agricultural support policies, and the proliferation of standards and labels has sometimes confused consumers and impeded trade. A key policy challenge is to ensure that both the positive and negative externalities of different agricultural production systems are taken into account.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101517-en
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  • 90
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    ECMT Annual Report 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2002
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This brochure describes the activities of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) during 2002. It also sets out the Resolutions approved by the Council of Ministers of Transport and presents the highlights of the year. It includes an organigramme, contact details for the Secretariat and information on the ECMT member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113080-en
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  • 91
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    Revised Guides for Compliance Monitoring Procedures for Good Laboratory Practice (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078550
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guides révisés pour les systèmes de vérification de respect des bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Guides révisés pour les systèmes de vérification de respect des bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides detailed practical guidance to OECD Member countries on the structure, mechanisms and procedures they should adopt when establishing national Good Laboratory Practice compliance monitoring programmes so that these programmes may be internationally acceptable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078550-en
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  • 92
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    The Application of the OECD Principles of GLP to the Organisation and Management of Multi-site Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL de l'OCDE à l'organisation et la conduite des études multi-site
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Application des principes de BPL de l'OCDE à l'organisation et la conduite des études multi-site
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance on the issues that are involved in the planning, performance, monitoring, recording, reporting and archiving of multi-site non-clinical health and environmental safety studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078772-en
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  • 93
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    OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes de L'OCDE de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Les Principes de L'OCDE de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides the full text of the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice as revised in 1997. The Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) have been developed to promote the quality and validity of test data used for determining the safety of chemicals and chemicals products. It is a managerial concept covering the organisational process and the conditions under which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded and reported. Its principles are required to be followed by test facilities carrying out studies to be submitted to national authorities for the purposes of assessment of chemicals and other uses relating to the protection of man and the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078536-en
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    Venture Capital Policies in Denmark (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark has one of the lowest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. The Danish government tried a number of supply-side initiatives in the 1990s with varying degrees of success. Problems stem from a lack of equity investment culture, the high levels and complexity of taxes, a dominant role played by banks in venture financing, and few contributions from other institutional investors. A new strategy focuses on providing seed capital to start-ups through a reorganised government equity fund and technology incubators. The challenge is to build on this momentum to further diversify early-stage financing and deepen the entrepreneurial culture. This paper analyses trends in Danish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process.
    DOI: 10.1787/467367203414
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  • 95
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    Review of the Development and Reform of the Telecommunications Sector in China (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.69
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The Chinese telecommunications market has experienced double-digit growth in recent years and continues to expand rapidly as demand surges.
    DOI: 10.1787/233204728762
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  • 96
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    The Urban Complex in Cattolica, Italy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2003/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le complexe urbain de Cattolica en Italie
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: The Italian city of Cattolica has developed an urban complex, the Piazza della Repubblica, providing a wide range of services to the public. In renovated facilities, the complex provides a modern and rational architectural setting based on the idea of the traditional town square or "piazza", an area of interaction and exchange characteristic of Italian cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/675546702207
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  • 97
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    Networks of innovation : towards new models for managing schools and systems (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264100350
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Schooling for tomorrow
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Réseaux d'innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Networks of innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réseaux d'innovation : Vers de nouveaux modèles de gestion des écoles et des systèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Networks of Innovation: Towards New Models for Managing Schools and Systems (Hungarian version)
    DDC: 370.7
    RVK:
    QX 800
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Open Source ; Rechnernetz ; Internet
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100350-en
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  • 98
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    Consumer Policy Considerations on the Importance of Accurate and Available WHOIS Data (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.73
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Considérations du point de vue de la politique à l'égard des consommateurs sur l'importance d'avoir des données Whois exactes et disponibles
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Drawing on the 1999 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, this document explains how accurate and available Whois data can contribute to building consumer trust in the online marketplace.
    DOI: 10.1787/233072722141
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engineered barrier systems (EBS) in the context of the entire safety case : workshop proceedings, Oxford, United Kingdom, 25-27 September 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264103554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Engineered barrier systems (EBS) in the context of the entire safety case
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103559-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Italy's energy policies and programmes. This review finds that Italy has made substantial progress in implementing electricity and gas market reforms. The gas market is now fully opened to competition and the electricity market is proceeding towards full opening. The government has reduced its shareholding in ENEL and Eni. New market institutions, notably an energy sector regulator, are now operational. Italy ratified the Kyoto Protocol in June 2002 and launched a national strategy to mitigate climate change in December 2002. But Italy also faces some challenges. High reliance on imported oil and gas raises concerns about security of supply. Energy diversification is restricted since there are few options available apart from natural gas, given the limitations of renewable energy as a source of supply. Timely investments in energy production, transportation and interconnection are crucial for security of supply, but they often meet strong local resistance under the devolution of powers to local authorities. In spite of the progress made, continuous monitoring is needed to further develop competition in the gas and electricity markets and enable energy price reductions. While Italy enjoys relatively low energy and carbon intensities of its economy, these advantages may be eroded over time. More is required to mitigate climate change emissions. As part of the IEA’s periodic review process of its Member countries, this report analyses Italy’s energy sector and policies, and provides proposals and recommendations for the Italian government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014770-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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