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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Complementarity of MDG Achievements : the Case of Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lay, Jann The Complementarity of MDG Achievements
    Abstract: This paper analyzes complementarities between different Millennium Development Goals, focusing on child mortality and how it is influenced by progress in the other goals, in particular two goals related to the expansion of female education: universal primary education and gender equality in education. The authors provide evidence from eight Sub-Saharan African countries using two rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys per country and applying a consistent micro-econometric methodology. In contrast to the mixed findings of previous studies, for most countries the findings reveal strong complementarities between mothers’ educational achievement and child mortality. Mothers’ schooling lifts important demand-side constraints impeding the use of health services. Children of mothers with primary education are much more likely to receive vaccines, a crucial proximate determinant of child survival. In addition, better educated mothers tend to have longer birth intervals, which again increase the chances of child survival. For the variables related to the other goals, for example wealth proxies and access to safe drinking water, the analysis fails to detect significant effects on child mortality, a finding that may be related to data limitations. Finally, the study carries out a set of illustrative simulations to assess the prospects of achieving a reduction by two-thirds in the under-five mortality rate. The findings indicate that some countries, which have been successful in the past, seem to have used their policy space for fast progress in child mortality, for example by extending vaccination coverage. This is the main reason why future achievements will be more difficult and explains why the authors have a fairly pessimistic outlook
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5062
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs : What Has Been Learnt ? (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lay, Jann MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs
    Abstract: This paper reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Based on a simple cross-country regression analysis, the paper argues that average Millennium Development Goal progress is likely to be too slow to meet education and health sector targets in a number of developing countries. The paper further shows that MDG achievement can be described by a transition path with declining rates of progress. More detailed analysis reveals that the transition toward universal primary school enrollment in poor countries with low initial enrollment has accelerated considerably in the more recent past. The main part of the paper then focuses on the role of demand versus supply-side factors in social service utilization in education and health. The review arrives at the following rules of thumb that reflect some of the key determinants of achievement of the Millennium Development Goals: First, specific single policy interventions can have a considerable impact on social service utilization and specific human development outcomes. For example, improving access to basic health services, in particular to vaccination, has been a key factor in reducing child mortality rates in a number of very poor countries. Second, demand-side policies have proved extremely effective, for example in raising school enrollment and attainment levels. However, there may be more scope for targeting the demand-side in the health sector. Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG targets, in particular social service utilization, are likely to be very important
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5320
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuer "Landraub" in Afrika? (2011)
    Details
    ISSN: 1862-3603
    Language: German
    Series Statement: GIGA Focus. Afrika 2011/1
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft Landrecht ; Landnutzung ; Pacht ; Grundeigentum ; Diebstahl ; Nahrungsmittel
    URL: http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_afrika_1101.pdf
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    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Commodity Price Changes On Rural Households : The Case of Coffee In Uganda (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio The Impact of Commodity Price Changes On Rural Households
    Keywords: Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Alternative Crops ; Capital Incomes ; Coffee ; Coffee Farmers ; Coffee Market ; Coffee Prices ; Coffee Production ; Coffee Sector ; Commodity ; Cotton ; Cotton ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Alternative Crops ; Capital Incomes ; Coffee ; Coffee Farmers ; Coffee Market ; Coffee Prices ; Coffee Production ; Coffee Sector ; Commodity ; Cotton ; Cotton ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Alternative Crops ; Capital Incomes ; Coffee ; Coffee Farmers ; Coffee Market ; Coffee Prices ; Coffee Production ; Coffee Sector ; Commodity ; Cotton ; Cotton ; Crops and Crop Management Systems
    Abstract: Policies and external shocks affecting agriculture, the main source of income for rural households, can be expected to have a significant impact on poverty. The authors study the case of Uganda. Throughout the 1990s, more than 90 percent of its poor lived in rural areas and, during the same period, large international price fluctuations as well as an extensive domestic deregulation affected the coffee sector, its main source of export revenues. Using data from three household surveys covering the 1990s, the authors confirm a strong correlation between changes in coffee prices (in a liberalized market) and poverty reduction. This is highlighted by comparing the performance of different households grouped according to their dependence on coffee farming. Regression analysis (based on pooled data from the three surveys) of consumption expenditure on coffee-related variables, other controls, and time-fixed effects corroborates that the mentioned correlation is not spurious. The authors also find that while both poor and rich farmers enter the coffee sector, the price boom benefits the poorer households relatively more, whereas the liberalization seems to create more opportunities for richer farmers. Finally, notwithstanding the importance of the coffee price boom, the agricultural policy framework and the thorough structural reforms in which the coffee market liberalization was embedded have certainly played a role in triggering overall agricultural growth. These factors appear to matter especially in the second half of the 1990s when prices went down but poverty reduction continued
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Globalisation and Poverty Changes in Colombia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.226
    Keywords: Development ; Colombia
    Abstract: Assessing the final impact of globalisation on poverty is a difficult task: i) globalisation affects poverty through numerous channels; ii) some linkages are positive and some are negative and therefore cannot be analysed qualitatively but require quantitative assessments, i.e. formal numerical models; and iii) trade expansion and growth (key aspects of globalisation) are essentially macro phenomena, whereas poverty is fundamentally a micro phenomenon. In this paper we use a new method that combines a micro-simulation model and a standard CGE model. These two models are used in a sequential fashion (as in a recent paper by Robilliard et al., 2002). The CGE model and the micro-simulation model are calibrated using a recent SAM and household survey for Colombia and together they capture the structural features of the economy and its detailed income generation mechanisms. We use this framework to analyse the important income distribution and poverty changes occurred with the great ...
    DOI: 10.1787/652528552076
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Boda-bodas rule : Non-agricultural activities and their inequality implications in Western Kenya (2007)
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 48
    Keywords: Kenia Afrika, Subsahara ; Arbeit ; Geld ; Armut ; Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Engagement in non-agricultural activities in rural areas can be classified into survival-led or opportunity-led. Survival-led diversification would decrease inequality by increasing the incomes of poorer households and thus reduce poverty. By contrast, opportunity-led diversification would increase inequality and have a minor effect on poverty, as it tends to be confined to non-poor households. Using data from Western Kenya, we confirm the existence of the differently motivated diversification strategies. Yet, the poverty and inequality implications differ somewhat from our expectations. Our findings indicate that in addition to asset constraints, rural households also face limited or relatively risky high-return opportunities outside agriculture.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    URL: https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/wp48_lay-etal.pdf
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    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Africa after the Covid-19 lockdowns : economic impacts and prospects (2020)
    Hamburg : GIGA, German Institute of Global and Area Studies
    Details
    ISSN: 1862-3603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Edition: gf_afrika_2006_en.pdf
    Series Statement: GIGA Focus. Afrika 2020/06
    Keywords: Afrika Epidemie ; Krankheit ; Wirtschaftliche Bedingungen ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt ; Wirtschaftlicher Wandel
    Abstract: Aufgrund des COVID-19-Lockdowns ging das südafrikanische Bruttoinlandsprodukt zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Quartal 2020 um 51 Prozent zurück. Ein kürzlich veröffentlichter Bericht der Weltbank schätzt, dass durch die Pandemie 26 bis 40 Millionen Menschen in Afrika südlich der Sahara zusätzlich in die Armut rutschen werden. Gleichzeitig zeigen einige afrikanische Volkswirtschaften erste Anzeichen wirtschaftlicher Erholung.Because of the Covid-19 lockdowns, South Africa`s gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 51 per cent from the first to the second quarter of 2020. A recent World Bank report suggests that an additional 26 to 40 million subSaharan Africans could fall into poverty due to the pandemic. At the same time, some African economies are reporting initial signs of economic recovery.
    URL: https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/gf_afrika_2006_en.pdf
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 8
    Book
    Book
    MDG achievements, determinants, and resource needs : What has been learnt? (2010)
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 137
    Keywords: Politik Entwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Bildung
    Abstract: This paper reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for MDG (Millennium Development Goals) achievement. We first demonstrate that average MDG progress is likely to be too slow to meet the education and health sector targets in a number of developing countries. We also show that MDG achievement can be described by a transition path with declining rates of progress. More detailed analysis reveals that the transition towards universal primary enrollment in poor countries with low initial enrollment has accelerated considerably in the more recent past. The paper then focuses on the role of demand- versus supply-side factors in social service utilization in education and health. The main policy conclusions of the review reflect some of the key determinants of MDG achievement: First, specific single-policy interventions can have a considerable impact on social service utilization and specific human development outcomes. For example, improving access to basic health services, in particular to vaccination, has been a key factor in reducing child mortality rates in a number of very poor countries. Second, demand-side policies have proved extremely effective, for example, in increasing school enrollment and attainment levels. However, there may be more scope for targeting the demand side in the health sector. Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG targets, in particular social service utilization, are likely to be very important.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
    URL: https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/wp137_lay.pdf
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poverty, social mobility, and the middle class: The case of South Africa (2018)
    Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Göttingen, Georg-August Universität 2018
    DDC: 305.5
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4E1-9-4
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lateinamerikas neue Mittelschicht: nachhaltiger Aufstieg? (2013)
    Hamburg
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource, 8 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Focus Lateinamerika Bd. 8
    DDC: 305.5
    Keywords: Mittelstand ; Lateinamerika ; Brasilien
    Abstract: Abstract: Nach Angaben der Weltbank ist die Mittelschicht in Lateinamerika in den Jahren 2003 bis 2009 um 50 Prozent gewachsen, von 103 auf 152 Millionen. Gleichzeitig sank der Bevölkerungsanteil der in Armut lebenden Menschen auf ein historisches Tief. Trotz dieser positiven Entwicklung werden in Lateinamerika zunehmend Stimmen laut, die sich nicht nur gegen den desolaten Zustand der öffentlichen Dienstleistungssysteme wenden, sondern auch die Nachhaltigkeit des sozialen Wandels infrage stellen. Wirtschaftswachstum, strukturelle Verbesserungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, steigendes Bildungsniveau und Rückgang der Einkommensungleichheit gelten als Hauptindizien für das Wachstum der Mittelschicht in Lateinamerika. Dennoch haben die Regierungen entscheidende Investitionen versäumt, und breite Teile der Bevölkerung befinden sich weiterhin in einer unsicheren Lage; ihnen droht unter Umständen ein erneuter Abstieg in die Armut. Um die Nachhaltigkeit der positiven Trends der letzten Jahre zu gewährleist
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , nicht begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-367512
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-367512
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
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