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  • English  (1,711)
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  • 2000-2004  (1,713)
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  • World Bank  (662)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 1.2003 -
    ISSN: 1815-199X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2003 -
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Gesehen am 20.04.2022
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 3
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Former Title: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD e-government studies
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  • 5
    Language: English , French , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Enterprise policy performance assessment
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examen des politiques d'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition
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  • 8
    Language: English , French
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: OECD statistics
    Keywords: Diskette
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Education and skills
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Reviews of national policies for education
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9264101446
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Print version Educational Facilities and Risk Management : Natural Disasters
    DDC: 306.43
    RVK:
    Keywords: Schools Risk management ; Developing countries ; Natural disasters Developing countries ; Buildings Natural disaster effects
    Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge for the populace after an earthquake or other disaster.
    Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, destructive, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge for the populace after an earthquake or other disaster
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Foreword; Table of Contents; INTRODUCTION; RISK ASSESSMENT AND STRENGTHENING EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES AGAINST NATURAL HAZARDS; THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN CREATING AN EARTHQUAKE SAFER ENVIRONMENT; THE UNITED NATIONS RADIUS INITIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF URBAN AREAS AGAINST SEISMIC DISASTERS; RISK PREVENTION AND SCHOOL BUILDING MANAGEMENT INSIGHTS FROM THE STORMS IN FRANCE IN DECEMBER 1999; DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN MEXICO; DISASTER PREPAREDNESS EDUCATION STRATEGIES FOR TURKEY'S SCHOOLS
    Description / Table of Contents: EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RISK MITIGATION LESSONS LEARNED IN ICELANDTHE RESTORATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS; EARTHQUAKE SAFETY PLANNING IN SCHOOLS; THE STRUCTURAL RESTORATION OF EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS IN GREECE;
    Note: Enth. 10 Beitr , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques , Auch als Druck-Ausg. erschienen
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 125-197 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:125-197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 125-197
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:125-197
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Governments often look to private health insurance (PHI) as a possible means of addressing some health system challenges. For example, they may consider enhancing its role as an alternative source of health financing and a way to increase system capacity, or promoting it as a tool to further additional health policy goals, such as enhanced individual responsibility. Yet private health insurance is a complex financing mechanism that affects and interacts with public systems in multiple ways. This is why, when assessing the current and potential role for private health insurance, policy makers need to consider the intricate interactions arising between public and private coverage, and the effects that PHI has upon ...
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 199-219 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:199-219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 199-219
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:199-219
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: A central element of the programme of work of the OECD’s Working Party on Private Pensions has been the development of principles of regulation and supervision and guidelines related to the maintenance and oversight of private pension plans and funds. This work has been done in conjunction with the International Network of Pension Regulators and Supervisors (INPRS). The guidelines set forth below specifically address the rights of pension plan members and beneficiaries, an especially vital aspect of any pension programme. The Working Party previously developed and issued in 2000 broad principles applicable to private occupational pensions, titled “Fifteen Principles for the Regulation of Private Occupational Pensions Schemes”1, which were also approved by the INPRS. In 2002 the Working Party issued “Guidelines for Pension Fund Governance.”2 The document, ...
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 7-58 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:7-58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:7-58
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Financial markets have shown resilience in an environment of marked increases in oil and commodity prices and somewhat diminished expectations about the strength of the economic recovery. Major stock markets, which had risen over most of the first quarter, showed some weakening at the end of March, and again in late May and in mid-August, losing part of the gains they had made since the end of the downturn in the first half of 2003. Since then, however, equity markets have risen moderately or at least held steady and bond markets have absorbed, better than had been feared ...
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 91-121 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:91-121
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 91-121
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:91-121
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In dealing with extreme economic exposures we normally distinguish between natural catastrophes and man-made disasters. Natural catastrophes refer to abrupt events caused by natural hazards, such as windstorm, flood, drought, earthquake, landslides, avalanches, wildfires, etc., that inflict significant economic and human devastation throughout a geographical region. Man-made disasters, in turn, can be categorised as unintended events, caused by accidents, failures, crashes, explosions, fire, etc., and willful events, often referred to as civil unrest and terrorist acts. Until recently, willful events and specifically terrorist acts constituted a relatively modest share of the total catastrophe losses but suddenly turned into a sizeable loss potential with the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in 2001, ...
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 229-239 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:229-239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 229-239
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:229-239
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The scale and pace of pension reform worldwide has created a significant need for the development of comprehensive, comparable pension statistics that can capture the many dimensions of pension systems and assist governments in assessing their programmes and reforms. Indeed, there are presently only scattered bodies of data available on subjects such as retirement income adequacy and trends in coverage, funding and investment. In order to fill this significant data gap in pension statistics, in 2002 the OECD Financial Markets Division (within the Directorate for Financial and Enterprises Affairs), initiated a statistical project with the aim to set up an analytical database ...
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 61-87 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:61-87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 61-87
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:61-87
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: There is an increasing overlap with, and stronger inter-linkages among, banks, capital markets, insurance companies, and other financial institutions such as hedge funds, resulting in a steady blurring of sectoral and product boundaries. Looking ahead, the pace of overall financial sector convergence is unlikely to slowdown so that the future financial landscape will be characterised by ever stronger interdependences and inter-linkages among financial institutions. Increased interdependence and inter-linkages have led to growing convergence among institutions and products in the OECD area. These developments have led to important new challenges for market participants, ...
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 221-228 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:221-228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 221-228
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:221-228
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Financial education has always been important for consumers in helping them budget and manage their income, save and invest efficiently, and avoid becoming victims of fraud. But the importance of financial education has increased in recent years as a result of both financial market developments and demographic, economic and policy changes. Capital markets are becoming more sophisticated and new products are continuously offered, including hybrid instruments whose risk-return characteristics are not immediately discernible. Consumers now have greater access to a variety of credit and savings instruments provided by a range of entities from on-line banks and brokerage firms to community based groups offering counselling and financing aid to low and moderate-income families. They can now use automated teller machines (ATMs) and personal computers to handle ...
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9264015930
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Geological disposal
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Schweizer Jura ; Opalinuston ; Endlager ; Mont Terri ; Ton ; Tonstein ; Gesteinskunde ; Sedimentologie ; Endlagerung ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Hochradioaktiver Abfall ; Unterirdische Lagerung ; Kongress
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264020207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur ; les leçons du passé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur : les leçons du passé
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: The September 11th terrorist attacks, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Hurricane Andrew and the Kobe earthquake are all recent examples of large-scale disasters that have taken a massive toll in human lives, wealth and property. They have disrupted vital systems such as transport and energy supplies and spilled over into neighbouring as well as distant regions. They have also generated widespread anxiety, and in some cases created deep-seated public mistrust of governments' ability to protect their citizens. This book is based on a report prepared between May and July 2003 by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from inside and outside of the OECD. It examines the economic and social impacts of past large-scale disasters, and draws a number of key lessons for the future. Its focus is on better prevention of disasters, and on restoring trust and securing recovery in their aftermath.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Abstract: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9264016988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Supervising private pensions
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264017726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fatores que interferem no desempenho das escolas; Analisando sistemas escolares através do prisma do PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Makes School Systems Perform?; Seeing School Systems through the Prism of PISA (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fatores que interferem no desempenho das escolas: Analisando sistemas escolares através do prisma do PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Makes School Systems Perform?: Seeing School Systems through the Prism of PISA (Slovenian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The report links the results from the OECD PISA 2000 survey to qualitative evidence on important public policy measures in six countries that performed well in PISA. These measures included strategies for educational reform and innovation; issues of governance and resource allocation; national approaches to standard-setting, assessment and system monitoring; the organisation of support systems; the professional development of teachers; and approaches to addressing socio-economic differences in students’ backgrounds. Countries covered: Canada, England, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Sweden.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264006416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (478 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain ; Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lernen für die Welt von morgen; Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 ; Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã; Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World; First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain : Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lernen für die Welt von morgen: Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 : Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã: Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World: First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report presents the first internationally comparable results to OECD's 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Survey of the educational performance of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science in 25 OECD countries. This year, the concentration was on mathematics. Beyond the examination of the relative standing of countries in mathematics, science and reading, the report also looks at a wider range of educational outcomes that include students’ motivation to learn, their beliefs about themselves, and their learning strategies. Furthermore, it examines how performance varies between the genders and between socio-economic groups; and it provides insights into some of the factors that influence the development of knowledge and skills at home and at school, how these factors interact and what the implications are for policy development. Most importantly, the report sheds light on countries that succeed in achieving high performance standards while, at the same time, providing an equitable distribution of learning opportunities. The report presents a wealth of indicators showing how countries compare in various measures of educational performance and factors that affect that performance.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264107861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Allemagne 2004 ; consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform; Deutschland; Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Allemagne 2004 : consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform: Deutschland: Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: This report argues for adjustments to regulatory governance traditions so that necessary changes can take place more quickly, at least cost to the economy and with the participation of all relevant stakeholders.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9781845421496
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 398 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Saleth, R. Maria, 1955 - The institutional economics of water
    DDC: 333.91
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ressourcenökonomik ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserpolitik ; Institutionenökonomik ; Water resources development Economic aspects ; Water-supply Political aspects ; Water resources development Political aspects ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Wasserreserve ; Wasserversorgung ; Volkswirtschaft ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsreform
    Abstract: This outstanding new book provides the most detailed and comprehensive evaluation of water reform and water sector performance from the perspectives of institutional economics and political economy
    Abstract: 1. Water challenge : an institutional diagnosis -- 2. Understanding institutions : nature, performance, and change -- 3. Existing literature : approaches, attempts, and limitations -- 4. Evaluating institutional linkages : towards an alternative methodology -- 5. Analytical framework and empirical models -- 6. empirical context : description and justification -- 7. Institutional changes in the water sector : a cross-country review -- 8. Institution-performance linkages : evidence and evaluation -- 9. Institution-performance linkages : robustness and contextuality -- 10. Institutional sequencing and packaging -- 11. Conclusions with implications for theory and policy
    Note: "A co-publication with the World Bank , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    ISBN: 926410867X
    Language: English
    Pages: 248 S , graph. Darst., Kt
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Migration et emploi
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Migration for Employment
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Migration for Employment
    DDC: 331.6/2/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Personalbeschaffung ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Internationales Abkommen ; OECD-Staaten ; Foreign workers Congresses ; Foreign workers Congresses Legal status, laws, etc ; Employment in foreign countries Congresses ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Description / Table of Contents: Enth. 13 Beitr.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Migration et emploi
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357204 , 9780821357200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (436 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Africa Development Indicators
    Abstract: African Development Indicators 2004 provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It contains more than 500 macroeconomic, sectoral, and social indicators, covering 53 African countries with data from 1970-2002. The book is grouped into 15 chapters: background data; national accounts; prices and exchange rates; money and banking; external sector; external debt and related flows; government finance; agriculture; power, communications, and transportation; public enterprises; labor force and employment; aid flows; social indicators; environmental indicators; and HIPC debt initiative. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the nature of the data and their limitations, followed by a set of statistical tables, charts, and technical notes that define the indicators and identify their specific source. Included this year are new tables on HIV/AIDS, Communications and Transportation, and the HIPC Debt Initiative. Designed to provide all those interested in Africa with a focused and convenient set of data to monitor development programs and aid flows in the region, this is an invaluable reference tools for analysts and policymakers who want a better understanding of the economic and social developments occurring in Africa
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  • 31
    ISBN: 082135616X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 162 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Poor Congresses Developing countries ; Poverty Congresses Developing countries ; Public-private sector cooperation Congresses ; Poor Congresses Developing countries ; Poverty Congresses Developing countries ; Public-private sector cooperation Congresses ; Poor ; Poverty ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Congresses Social policy ; Developing countries Congresses Social policy
    Note: "The articles in this volume were presented at the fifth annual Berlin Workshop, held in July 2002"--P. 1 , Introduction , Making service work for poor people: a scholar's perspective , Why is a World Development Report on making services work for poor people needed? , Poverty in Russia , The role of altruistically motivated organizations in making services work for poor people ; The experience of the private not-for-profit health sector in Uganda , Basic services: a basic right , The Madrasa Early Childhood Programme in East Africa , The role of the private sector ; Evidence from a study of vouchers for private schooling in Colombia , The rural private practicioner , The role of local governments ; Delivering infrastructure: a strategic framework , Employment of farmers and poverty alleviation in China , Incentives and innovations ; Getting health services to the poor: incentives, efficiency, and health system performance , Bolivia's plan for achieving education for all goals , Rushing to help the poor through participation many be self-defeating , Modes of financing ; Tanzania's experience with education , How aid modalities influence the effectiveness of public expenditures in developing countries: a bilateral donor perspective , Financing development , Conclusion: making services work for poor people
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    ISBN: 0821362054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 91 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363.6/096885
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821356976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 78 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.91/009172/4
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic development projects Planning ; Industrial water supply Management ; Water resources development Planning ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Management ; Water-supply, Agricultural Management ; Economic development projects Planning ; Industrial water supply Management ; Water resources development Planning ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Management ; Water-supply, Agricultural Management ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Industrial water supply ; Water resources development ; Water-supply ; Water-supply ; Water-supply, Agricultural
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 42 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no.42
    DDC: 384.6/4
    Keywords: Competition, International ; Telecommunication ; Telephone ; Competition, International ; Telecommunication ; Telephone
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-42)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3186
    Parallel Title: Knack, Stephen F Donor fragmentation and bureaucratic quality in aid recipients
    Keywords: Altruism ; Bureaucracy ; Civil service ; Economic assistance ; Altruism ; Bureaucracy ; Civil service ; Economic assistance
    Note: "January 15, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3192
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Greenfield foreign direct investment and mergers and acquisitions
    Keywords: Consolidation and merger of corporations ; Globalization ; Investments, Foreign ; Privatization ; Consolidation and merger of corporations ; Globalization ; Investments, Foreign ; Privatization
    Note: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3195
    Parallel Title: Evenett, Simon J Government procurement
    Keywords: Free trade ; Government purchasing ; International trade ; Tariff ; Free trade ; Government purchasing ; International trade ; Tariff
    Note: "January 23, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3233
    Parallel Title: Apps, Patricia Gender, time use, and models of the household
    Keywords: Households ; Time-series analysis ; Households ; Time-series analysis
    Note: "March 3, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 5, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3240
    Parallel Title: Campante, Filipe R Inefficient lobbying, populism, and oligarchy
    Keywords: Lobbying ; Oligarchy ; Populism ; Pressure groups ; Lobbying ; Oligarchy ; Populism ; Pressure groups
    Note: "March 11, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 12, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3243
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Competing concepts of inequality in the globalization debate
    Keywords: Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3249
    Parallel Title: Das, Jishnu Equity in educational expenditures
    Keywords: Equality ; Government aid to education ; Equality ; Government aid to education
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3250
    Parallel Title: Keefer, Philip What does political economy tell us about economic development and vice versa?
    Keywords: Decision making ; Economic development ; Separation of powers ; Decision making ; Economic development ; Separation of powers
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3253
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Firms, jobs, and employment in Moldova
    Keywords: Job creation ; Labor market ; Unemployment ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Unemployment
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 19, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3254
    Parallel Title: Yilmaz, Serdar Decentralization or fiscal autonomy?
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Fiscal policy ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Decentralization in government ; Fiscal policy ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 19, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3260
    Parallel Title: Paxson, Christina H Child health and the 1988-92 economic crisis in Peru
    Keywords: Children Health and hygiene ; Infants Mortality ; Children Health and hygiene ; Infants Mortality ; Peru Economic conditions 1968- ; Peru Economic conditions 1968-
    Note: "March 30, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 30, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3262
    Parallel Title: Brenton, Paul The initial and potential impact of preferential access to the U.S. market under the African growth and opportunity act
    Keywords: Foreign trade regulation ; Tariff Law and legislation ; Foreign trade regulation ; Tariff Law and legislation ; Africa Commerce ; United States Commerce ; Africa Commerce ; United States Commerce
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3263
    Parallel Title: Jarvis, Lovell S The impact of Chilean fruit sector development on female employment and household income
    Keywords: Fruit industry ; Income ; Women Employment ; Fruit industry ; Income ; Women Employment
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3268
    Parallel Title: Funderburg, Richard G Location, concentration, and performance of economic activity in Brazil
    Keywords: Industrial location ; Industrial location ; Brazil Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Brazil Economic conditions ; Regional disparities
    Note: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3272
    Parallel Title: Hoon, Hian Teck Trade, capital accumulation, and structural unemployment
    Keywords: Singapore Economic conditions ; Singapore Economic conditions
    Note: "April 8, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3274
    Parallel Title: Ehrhardt, David Avoiding customer and taxpayer bailouts in private infrastructure projects
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public contracts ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public contracts
    Note: "April 12, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3280
    Parallel Title: Das, Jishnu Conditional cash transfers and the equity-efficiency debate
    Keywords: Human capital ; Transfer payments ; Human capital ; Transfer payments
    Note: "April 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3290
    Parallel Title: Bertaud, Alain Analyzing building height restrictions
    Keywords: Buildings Height restrictions ; Buildings Height restrictions
    Note: "April 22, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3306
    Parallel Title: Siegel, Paul Export commodity production and broad-based rural development
    Keywords: Cocoa trade ; Coffee industry ; Exports ; Rural development ; Cocoa trade ; Coffee industry ; Exports ; Rural development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3310
    Parallel Title: Chong, Alberto Bundling services and household welfare in developing countries
    Keywords: Households ; Public welfare ; Households ; Public welfare
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3313
    Parallel Title: Available in another form On the unequal inequality of poor communities
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3316
    Parallel Title: Hoff, Karla Ruth Homeownership, community interactions, and segregation
    Keywords: Homeowners ; Homeowners
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3321
    Parallel Title: Verner, Dorte Education and its poverty-reducing effects
    Keywords: Education ; Poverty ; Education ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3324
    Parallel Title: Lindelow, Magnus Health care decisions as a family matter
    Keywords: Medical care Decision making ; Medical care Decision making
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3328
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3331
    Parallel Title: Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit Fuelwood consumption and participation in community forestry in India
    Keywords: Community forestry ; Fuelwood ; Community forestry ; Fuelwood
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3333
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Globalization, poverty, and inequality since 1980
    Keywords: Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3337
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Do households gain from community-based natural resource management?
    Keywords: Natural resources, Communal ; Natural resources, Communal
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3344
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Disclosure of environmental violations and the stock market in the Republic of Korea
    Keywords: Industrial management Environmental aspects ; Offenses against the environment ; Stock exchanges ; Industrial management Environmental aspects ; Offenses against the environment ; Stock exchanges
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/21/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3342
    Parallel Title: Udell, Gregory F Financing small and medium-size enterprises with factoring
    Keywords: Factoring (Finance) ; Small business Finance ; Factoring (Finance) ; Small business Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/21/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3353
    Parallel Title: Shah, Anwar Implementing decentralized local governance
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/2/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3359
    Parallel Title: Wang, Zhi A flexible modeling framework to estimate interregional trade patterns and input-output accounts
    Keywords: Input-output tables ; Regional economic disparities Mathematical models ; Input-output tables ; Regional economic disparities Mathematical models
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3362
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de Education, information, and smoking decisions
    Keywords: Education ; Smoking ; Education ; Smoking
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3365
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Private provision of rural infrastructure services
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Developing countries Rural conditions ; Developing countries Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Market-oriented reforms of infrastructure in developing countries tend to focus primarily on commercially viable services in urban areas. Nevertheless, an increasing number of countries are beginning to experiment with extending the market paradigm to infrastructure services in rural areas that are often less attractive in commercial terms. In these cases, subsidies are used to close the gap between market requirements and development needs, and are increasingly determined and allocated on a competitive basis. The authors discuss the conditions under which competition among firms for such subsidies successfully used in the telecommunications sector in a number of middle-income countries could also be applied to electricity, water and sanitation, and transportation services in lower-income countries. This paper is a product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3369
    Parallel Title: Hentschel, Jesko Using rapid city surveys to inform municipal social policy
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Household surveys ; Cali (Colombia) Social policy ; Cali (Colombia) Social policy
    Abstract: "Many developing countries assign local governments increasing responsibilities in fighting poverty. This requires local social policy to go beyond the execution of centrally designed and funded education and health programs. Hence, local governments and their partners have both an opportunity and a need to analyze key local bottlenecks for poverty reduction and social development. Drawing on an example from Cali, Colombia, Hentschel describes a tool for such policy formulation at the local level a rapid city household survey. Although the survey uses pre-coded and closed- ended questions, it is contextual in the sense that it is tailor-made to social and economic conditions in Cali. The survey places particular emphasis on collecting key quantitative information, such as household welfare and service access, as well as qualitative information, such as service evaluations and population priorities. Combining the quantitative and qualitative data allows, for example, the mapping of population budget priorities or service satisfaction levels by welfare group. Rapid city household surveys could provide an important tool for the development of local social policies. This paper "a joint product of the Human Development Sector Unit, and the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region" is part of a larger effort in the region to support local and municipal governments in the formulation of social policies"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3374
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Is debt replacing equity in regulated privatized infrastructure in developing countries?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies ; Privatization Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Developing countries ; Case studies ; Privatization Developing countries ; Case studies
    Abstract: "Da Silva, Estache, and Jarvela describe the evolution of the financing structure of regulated privatized utilities and transport companies. To do so, they rely on a sample of 121 utilities distributed over 16 countries, and 23 transport infrastructure operators and 23 transport services operators distributed over 23 countries. The authors show that leverage rates vary significantly across sectors, with the highest rates observed in transport and the lowest in water. Moreover, they also show that the 1997 Asia crisis led operators to adjust their financial structure differently in different regions. Overall, the evidence they present shows that debt is replacing equity in financing the investment needs of utilities and transport services in developing countries. These results raise some questions as to whether the regulator's mandate should be expanded to monitor the financial structure of companies and as to whether the international community should make a stronger commitment to more transparent regulatory accounting systems. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Abstract: "Da Silva, Estache, and Jarvela describe the evolution of the financing structure of regulated privatized utilities and transport companies. To do so, they rely on a sample of 121 utilities distributed over 16 countries, and 23 transport infrastructure operators and 23 transport services operators distributed over 23 countries. The authors show that leverage rates vary significantly across sectors, with the highest rates observed in transport and the lowest in water. Moreover, they also show that the 1997 Asia crisis led operators to adjust their financial structure differently in different regions. Overall, the evidence they present shows that debt is replacing equity in financing the investment needs of utilities and transport services in developing countries. These results raise some questions as to whether the regulator's mandate should be expanded to monitor the financial structure of companies and as to whether the international community should make a stronger commitment to more transparent regulatory accounting systems. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3380
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Genetically modified rice adoption
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic Case studies ; Genetically modified foods Case studies ; Rice Case studies ; Economic assistance, Domestic Case studies ; Genetically modified foods Case studies ; Rice Case studies
    Abstract: "The first generation of genetically modified (GM) crop varieties sought to increase producer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields, while the next generation of GM food research is focusing on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers. "Golden rice" has been genetically engineered to contain a higher level of vitamin A and thereby boost the health of poor people in developing countries. Anderson, Jackson, and Nielsen analyze the potential economic effects of adopting both types of innovation in Asia, including its impact on rice producers and other consumers. They do so using the global economywide computable general equilibrium model known as GTAP. The results suggest that farm productivity gains could be dwarfed by the welfare gains resulting from the potential health-enhancing attributes of golden rice which would boost the productivity of unskilled workers among Asia's poor. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the global economic effects of agricultural biotechnology policies"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3385
    Parallel Title: Freund, Caroline L Loss aversion and trade policy
    Keywords: Commercial policy ; Commercial policy
    Abstract: "Freund and Ozden provide new survey evidence showing that loss aversion and reference dependence are important in shaping people's perception of trade policy. Under the assumption that agents' welfare functions exhibit these behavioral elements, they analyze a model with a welfare-maximizing government and with the lobbying framework of Grossman and Helpman (1994). The policy implications of the augmented models differ in three important ways: There is a region of compensating protection, where a decline in the world price leads to an offsetting increase in protection, such that a constant domestic price is maintained; Protection following a single negative price shock will be persistent; Irrespective of the extent of lobbying, there will be a deviation from free trade that tends to favor loss-making industries. The augmented models are more consistent with the observed structure of protection and, in particular explain why many trade policy instruments are explicitly designed to maintain prices at a given level. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze trade policy formulation"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3388
    Parallel Title: Pelizzo, Riccardo Tools for legislative oversight
    Keywords: Finance, Public ; Legislative oversight ; Representative government and representation ; Finance, Public ; Legislative oversight ; Representative government and representation
    Abstract: "Parliaments are the institutions through which governments are held accountable to the electorate. They have a wide range of tools with which to carry out this oversight function, but until recently little analysis had been undertaken on the characteristics or use of such tools. Pelizzo and Stapenhurst use data for 83 countries that was collected in 2001 to investigate whether the oversight potential relates to three variables, namely the form of government (presidential, semi-presidential, or parliamentary), per capita income levels, and the level of democracy. The authors find that oversight potential is greatly affected by the form of government, per capita income levels, and levels of democracy. Countries with parliamentary forms of government, higher income levels, and which are more democratic have a greater number of oversight tools and greater oversight potential. While the oversight potential follows this general trend, the use of committees of enquiry, interpellations, and ombudsman offices follows a different pattern. The use of interpellations as an oversight tool is most common in high-income countries, less common in low-income countries, and least common in middle-income countries, while the presence of committees of enquiry and ombudsman offices is most common in middle-income countries, less common in high-income countries, and least common in low-income countries. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute--is part of a larger effort in the institute to strengthen parliamentary oversight of public finance in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3392
    Parallel Title: Goodwin, Barry K Risk modeling concepts relating to the design and rating of agricultural insurance contracts
    Keywords: Agricultural insurance ; Risk (Insurance) ; Agricultural insurance ; Risk (Insurance)
    Abstract: "Goodwin and Mahul identify the key issues and concerns that arise in the design and rating of crop yield insurance plans, with a particular emphasis on production risk modeling. The authors show how the availability of data shapes the insurance scheme and the ratemaking procedures. Relying on the U.S. experience and recent developments in statistics and econometrics, they review risk modeling concepts and provide technical guidelines in the development of crop insurance plans. Finally, they show how these risk modeling techniques can be extended to price risk in order to develop crop revenue insurance schemes. This paper--a product of the Financial Sector Operations and Policy Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to develop effective risk management and financial products for agriculture"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3398
    Parallel Title: Zaman, Hassan The scaling-up of microfinance in Bangladesh
    Keywords: Microfinance ; Microfinance
    Abstract: "The microfinance industry in Bangladesh currently provides access to credit to around 13 million poor households. Zaman describes the factors that led to the scaling-up of micro-credit in Bangladesh, the impact this has had on the poor, future challenges in Bangladesh, and possible lessons for other countries. The consensus in the literature is that micro-credit plays a significant role in reducing household vulnerability to a number of risks and that it contributes to improving social indicators. The author argues that strategic donor investments in a handful of well-managed institutions that offer a simple, easily replicable financial product could lead to large gains in access to finance for the poor. However, this approach could sacrifice other objectives of financial sector development, such as product and institutional diversity, which could be promoted after the initial expansion has taken place. Governments can also have a crucial role in promoting access to microfinance by ensuring macroeconomic stability, enforcing a simple regulatory structure, and developing communications networks that reduce transaction costs. Another lesson is that while visionary leadership cannot simply be franchised, the internal management systems that led to the scaling-up can be replicated in other settings. This paper--a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Unit, South Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to understand how successful anti-poverty interventions can be scaled-up"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3399
    Parallel Title: Baker, Judy Analyzing urban poverty
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poverty ; Urban economics ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poverty ; Urban economics
    Abstract: "In recent years an extensive body of literature has emerged on the definition, measurement, and analysis of poverty. Much of this literature focuses on analyzing poverty at the national level, or spatial disaggregation by general categories of urban or rural areas, with adjustments made for regional price differentials. Yet for an individual city attempting to tackle the problems of urban poverty, this level of aggregation is not sufficient for answering specific questions such as where the poor are located in the city, whether there are differences between poor areas, if access to services varies by subgroup, whether specific programs are reaching the poorest, and how to design effective poverty reduction programs and policies. Answering these questions is critical, particularly for large, sprawling cities with highly diverse populations and growing problems of urban poverty. Understanding urban poverty presents a set of issues distinct from general poverty analysis and thus may require additional tools and techniques. Baker and Schuler summarize the main issues in conducting urban poverty analysis, with a focus on presenting a sample of case studies from urban areas that were implemented by a number of different agencies using a range of analytical approaches for studying urban poverty. Specific conclusions regarding design and analysis, data, timing, cost, and implementation issues are discussed. This paper-a product of the Urban Unit, Transport and Urban Development Department-is part of a larger effort in the department to promote strategies for reducing urban poverty"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3402
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Phasing out polluting motorcycles in Bangkok
    Keywords: Air quality management ; Motorcycles ; Air quality management ; Motorcycles
    Abstract: "Xie, Shah, Capannelli and Wang use a contingent valuation method to study the design of economic incentives to phase out polluting motorcycles in Bangkok. Like in many other cities, the government of Bangkok has been considering a series of control measures to discourage and eventually eliminate the use of heavily polluting motorcycles. Two of the possible policy instruments under consideration are charges on those polluting vehicles which are operating in the streets and compensation to those polluting vehicles which would stay off the roads. The policy research questions then include (1) what are the charges implied or compensation provided, given a policy target, and (2) what are the reactions of motorcycle owners to those charges or compensation. To answer those policy questions, the authors conducted a stochastic contingent valuation survey in Bangkok to question motorcycle owners on the likelihood they would keep or give up riding their motorcycles in the streets given certain charges or compensations. Results show that among others, about 80 percent of those motorcycles which did not pass the emission tests would be off the streets if a charge of 1,000 baht a year was levied, while under a one-time compensation of 10,000 baht, the number would be about 50 percent. The authors also estimate the average values of maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for staying on the road and minimum willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for staying off the street, and analyze the determinants of WTP and WTA. Their econometric analysis shows that, among other factors, household income, fuel costs, use of motorcycles, and/or public transit affect the value of WTP and WTA. This paper a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental policy issues in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/14/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3404
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross The corporate governance of banks
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Corporate governance ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Corporate governance
    Abstract: "Levine examines the corporate governance of banks. When banks efficiently mobilize and allocate funds, this lowers the cost of capital to firms, boosts capital formation, and stimulates productivity growth. So, weak governance of banks reverberates throughout the economy with negative ramifications for economic development. After reviewing the major governance concepts for corporations in general, the author discusses two special attributes of banks that make them special in practice: greater opaqueness than other industries and greater government regulation. These attributes weaken many traditional governance mechanisms. Next, he reviews emerging evidence on which government policies enhance the governance of banks and draws tentative policy lessons. In sum, existing work suggests that it is important to strengthen the ability and incentives of private investors to exert governance over banks rather than to rely excessively on government regulators. These conclusions, however, are particularly tentative because more research is needed on how legal, regulatory, and supervisory policies influence the governance of banks. This paper a product of the Global Corporate Governance Forum, Corporate Governance Department is part of a larger effort in the department to improve the understanding of corporate governance reform in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/22/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3410
    Parallel Title: Musalem, Alberto R Pension funds and national saving
    Keywords: Pension trusts ; Saving and investment ; Pension trusts ; Saving and investment
    Abstract: "Murphy and Musalem conduct an empirical study of the effect of the accumulation of pension fund financial assets on national saving using a panel of 43 industrial and developing countries. The authors find evidence suggesting that the accumulation of pension fund financial assets might increase national saving when these funds are the result of a mandatory pension program. By contrast, national saving might be unaffected when pension funds are the result of a public program implemented to foster voluntary pension saving. This paper is a product of the Human Development Group, Middle East and North Africa Region. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Contractual Savings Institutions and National Saving."--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3413
    Parallel Title: Alm, James Stamp duties in Indian states
    Keywords: Stamp duties ; Stamp duties
    Abstract: "Alm, Annez, and Modi review the options for reform of stamp duties on immovable property transfers collected by Indian state governments. After briefly reviewing some of the many administrative difficulties experienced with the tax, they turn to an examination of its economic impacts. A review of stamp duties internationally indicates that Indian rates are exceptionally high, at rates often above 10 percent. Most countries' rates are less than 5 percent, including a number of low and middle-income developing countries. With these high rates, the authors find that while the tax has become the third largest revenue source for many Indian states, it imposes high compliance costs on taxpayers, has been subject to a good deal of evasion and fraud, and the distortionary impacts appear to be large, reducing the responsiveness of real estate markets in Indian cities by discouraging transactions essential to the efficient growth of cities. The authors then study the revenue implications of lowering stamp duty rates, which need to be understood if reform is to be viable. Evidence indicates that the current high duty rates, coupled with weak tax administration, lead to widespread evasion of the tax through underdeclaration. This underdeclaration of property values directly affects collection of other taxes, among them, property taxes and capital gains tax. Moreover, it indirectly affects the collection of all taxes through the impact of underdeclaration on the circulation of black money. Simulations indicate that revenues lost due to a lowering of stamp duty rates closer to international levels are quite likely to be recovered in higher collections of other taxes. However, these taxes would at least in part be collected by other levels of government. So reform could be made a more viable option through appropriately designed intergovernmental transfers. This paper a joint product of the Energy and Infrastructure Sector Unit, South Asia Region, and the Urban Unit, Transport and Urban Development Department is part of a larger effort in the Bank to to assess the impacts of alternative tax systems in urban finance"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3415
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym The challenge of reducing subsidies and trade barriers
    RVK:
    Keywords: Free trade ; International trade ; Subsidies ; Free trade ; International trade ; Subsidies
    Abstract: "This is one of 10 studies for the Copenhagen Consensus Project that sought to evaluate the most feasible opportunities to improve welfare globally and alleviate poverty in developing countries. Anderson argues that phasing out distortionary government subsidies and barriers to international trade will yield an extraordinarily high benefit-cost ratio. A survey is provided of recent estimates using global economywide simulation models of the benefits of doing that by way of the current Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations. Even if adjustment costs are several times as large as suggested by available estimates, the benefit-cost ratio from seizing this opportunity exceeds 20. That is much higher than the rewards from regional or bilateral trade agreements or from providing preferential access for least-developed countries' exports to high-income countries. Such reform would simultaneously contribute to alleviating several of the other key challenges reflected in the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to better understand the likely consequences of further trade liberalization for global economic welfare and its distributional effects, particularly for the poor in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3420
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Have consumers benefited from the reforms in the electricity distribution sector in Latin America?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Rossi bring new empirical evidence on the impact of the choice of ownership and regulatory regime on firms' productivity and prices paid by consumers. They collect the evidence from a sample of electricity distribution companies in Latin America. The authors rely on estimations of labor and operation and maintenance (O&M) input requirement functions using alternative econometric approaches. Their main conclusions are: Private firms perform better (approximately 30 percent) than public firms. The regulatory regimes matter, so that price-cap regulated firms do better than rate-of-return regulated firms, and firms regulated under hybrid regimes have intermediate performance. Private firms operating under rate of return are at most as efficient as public firms. There is no clear pattern of differences in electricity prices according to the regulatory regime. Final prices fell in general but the drop did not match the productivity gains, implying that the operators and the state share some of the gains in the form of rents and higher tax revenue, respectively. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3423
    Parallel Title: Taliercio, Robert Designing performance
    Keywords: Public administration ; Public administration ; Revenue ; Revenue ; Public administration ; Public administration ; Revenue ; Revenue
    Abstract: "During the past decade, diverse developing countries have introduced radical reforms in their collection of taxes. In more than 15 countries, traditional tax departments have been granted the status of semiautonomous revenue authorities (ARAs), which are designed with a number of autonomy-enhancing features, including self-financing mechanisms, boards of directors with high-ranking public and private sector representatives, and sui generis personnel systems. Taliercio addresses gaps in the public management and tax administration literatures by closely examining ARA reforms in Kenya, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Uganda, and Venezuela from their inception to the early 2000s. Using the comparative case study method, he tackles three questions. First, what has motivated the wave of ARA reforms over the past decade? The author argues that from a public management perspective, reformers intended to use autonomy to enhance bureaucratic performance in low-capacity public sectors. Second, is there a connection between autonomy and performance? Focusing on revenue collection, compliance management, taxpayer services, human resource management, and administrative costs, the author suggests that autonomy is associated with higher levels of performance. He also makes the case that higher levels of autonomy are associated with higher levels of performance. Third, if there is a connection between autonomy and performance, which specific design features matter most and why? In spite of the popularity of the ARA reform, there is no consensus on best practice in organizational design. The author offers hypotheses based on the cases about why certain designs work better than others, and makes specific recommendations for the next generation of ARA reforms. This paper a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Department, East Asia and Pacific Region is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand under what conditions public sector performance improves"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3428
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Who suffers from indoor air pollution?
    Keywords: Indoor air pollution ; Indoor air pollution
    Abstract: "In this paper the authors investigate individuals' exposure to indoor air pollution. Using new survey data from Bangladesh, they analyze exposure at two levels--differences within households attributable to family roles, and differences across households attributable to income and education. Within households, they relate individuals' exposure to pollution in different locations during their daily round of activity. The authors find high levels of exposure for children and adolescents of both sexes, with particularly serious exposure for children under 5. Among prime-age adults, they find that men have half the exposure of women (whose exposure is similar to that of children and adolescents). They also find that elderly men have significantly lower exposure than elderly women. Across households, they draw on results from their previous paper (Dasgupta and others, 2004), which relate pollution variation across households to choices of cooking fuel, cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices. They find that these choices are significantly affected by family income and adult education levels (particularly for women). Overall, the authors find that the poorest, least-educated households have twice the pollution levels of relatively high-income households with highly-educated adults. For children in a typical household, pollution exposure can be halved by adopting two simple measures--increasing their outdoor time from 3 to 5 or 6 hours a day, and concentrating outdoor time during peak cooking periods. The authors recognize that weather and other factors may intervene occasionally, and that child supervision outdoors may be difficult for some households. However, the potential benefits are so great that neighbors might well agree to pool outdoor supervision once they became aware of the implications for their children's health. This paper--a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental health issues in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/7/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3431
    Parallel Title: Loayza, Norman Financial development, financial fragility, and growth
    Keywords: Financial services industry ; Intermediation (Finance) ; Financial services industry ; Intermediation (Finance)
    Abstract: "Loayza and Rancire study the apparent contradiction between two strands of the literature on the effects of financial intermediation on economic activity. On the one hand, the empirical growth literature finds a positive effect of financial depth as measured by, for instance, private domestic credit and liquid liabilities (for example, Levine, Loayza, and Beck 2000). On the other hand, the banking and currency crisis literature finds that monetary aggregates, such as domestic credit, are among the best predictors of crises and their related economic downturns (for example, Kaminski and Reinhart 1999). The authors account for these contrasting effects based on the distinction between the short- and long-run impacts of financial intermediation. Working with a panel of cross-country and time-series observations, they estimate an encompassing model of short- and long-run effects using the Pooled Mean Group estimator developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (1999). Their conclusion from this analysis is that a positive long-run relationship between financial intermediation and output growth coexists with a mostly negative short-run relationship. The authors further develop an explanation for these contrasting effects by relating them to recent theoretical models, by linking the estimated short-run effects to measures of financial fragility (namely, banking crises and financial volatility), and by jointly analyzing the effects of financial depth and fragility in classic panel growth regressions. This paper--a product of the Growth and Investment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the sources of growth and volatility"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3438
    Parallel Title: Morrison, Andrew R Addressing gender-based violence in the Latin American and Caribbean region
    Keywords: Women Violence against ; Women Violence against ; Prevention ; Women Violence against ; Women Violence against ; Prevention ; Women Violence against ; Women Violence against ; Prevention ; Women Violence against ; Women Violence against ; Prevention
    Abstract: "Morrison, Ellsberg, and Bott present an overview of gender-based violence (GBV) in Latin America, with special emphasis on good practice interventions to prevent GBV or offer services to its survivors or perpetrators. Intimate partner violence and sexual coercion are the most common forms of GBV, and these are the types of GBV that they analyze. GBV has serious consequences for women's health and well-being, ranging from fatal outcomes, such as homicide, suicide, and AIDS-related deaths, to nonfatal outcomes, such as physical injuries, chronic pain syndrome, gastrointestinal disorders, complications during pregnancy, miscarriage, and low birth-weight of children. GBV also poses significant costs for the economies of developing countries, including lower worker productivity and incomes, and lower rates of accumulation of human and social capital. The authors examine good practice approaches in justice, health, education, and multisectoral approaches. In each sector, they identify good practices for: (1) law and policies; (2) institutional reforms; (3) community-level interventions; and (4) individual behavior change strategies. The authors offer conclusions and recommendations for future work on gender-based violence: It is essential to focus on the prevention of GBV, not just on services for its survivors. Prevention is best achieved by empowering women and reducing gender disparities, and by changing norms and attitudes which foster violence. Interventions should employ a multisectoral approach and work at different levels--individual, community, institutional, and laws and policies. GBV may be common in the Latin America and the Caribbean region, but there are promising approaches available to begin working toward its elimination. This paper--a product of the Poverty Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to address issues of violence and its impact on development"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/22/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3440
    Parallel Title: Levy Yeyati, Eduardo Market discipline under systemic risk
    Keywords: Bank failures ; Capital market ; Risk management ; Bank failures ; Capital market ; Risk management
    Abstract: "Levy-Yeyati, Martinez Peria, and Schmukler show that systemic risk exerts a significant impact on the behavior of depositors, sometimes overshadowing their responses to standard bank fundamentals. Systemic risk can affect market discipline both regardless of and through bank fundamentals. First, worsening systemic conditions can directly threaten the value of deposits by way of dual agency problems. Second, to the extent that banks are exposed to systemic risk, systemic shocks lead to a future deterioration of fundamentals not captured by their current values. Using data from the recent banking crises in Argentina and Uruguay, the authors show that market discipline is indeed quite robust once systemic risk is factored in. As systemic risk increases, the informational content of past fundamentals declines. These episodes also show how few systemic shocks can trigger a run irrespective of ex-ante fundamentals. Overall, the evidence suggests that in emerging economies, the notion of market discipline needs to account for systemic risk. This paper--a product of the Finance Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study market discipline"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/29/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3441
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard M Policies facilitating firm adjustment to globalization
    Keywords: Globalization ; International business enterprises ; Globalization ; International business enterprises
    Abstract: "Hoekman and Javorcik focus on policies facilitating firm adjustment to globalization. They briefly review the effects of trade and investment liberalization on firms, focusing on within-industry effects. They postulate that governments' role in supporting the process is to (1) ensure that firms face "right" incentives to adjust, and (2) intervene in areas where market failures are present. Their main message is that while many policies could be adopted to address market failures, they need to be carefully designed and implemented in a stable macroeconomic environment. An institutional infrastructure that supports the functioning of modern markets is most important. Proactive support policies of whatever stripe should be subject to cost-benefit analysis, based on the existence of an identified market failure, and monitored for performance and cost effectiveness. Transparency and accountability are critical in ensuring that interventions accomplish their intended objectives rather than being vehicles for rent seeking. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the effects of globalization on developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/29/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3445
    Parallel Title: Clarke, George Has private participation in water and sewerage improved coverage?
    Keywords: Sewerage Case studies ; Water-supply Case studies ; Sewerage Case studies ; Water-supply Case studies
    Abstract: "Introducing private sector participation (PSP) into the water and sewerage sectors in developing countries is difficult and controversial. Empirical studies on its effects are scant and generally inconclusive. Case studies tend to find improvements in the sector following privatization, but they suffer from selection bias and it is difficult to generalize their results. To explore empirically the effects of PSP on coverage, Clarke, Kosec, and Wallsten assemble a new dataset of connections to water and sewerage services at the city and province level based on household surveys in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. The household surveys, conducted over a number of years, allow them to compile data before and after the introduction of PSP, as well as from similar (control) regions that never privatized at all. Their analysis reveals that, in general, connection rates to piped water and sewerage improved following the introduction of PSP, consistent with the case study literature. The authors also find, however, that connection rates similarly improved in the control regions, suggesting that PSP may not have been responsible for those improvements. On the other hand, connection rates for the poorest households also tended to increase in the regions with PSP and in the control regions, suggesting that--in terms of connections at least--PSP did not harm the poor. This paper--a product of the Growth and Investment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study the impact of infrastructure reform on poor households"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3450
    Parallel Title: Klinger, Bailey Discovery and development
    Keywords: Economic development ; New products ; Economic development ; New products
    Abstract: "Klinger and Lederman use disaggregated export data to explore the relationship between economic discovery and economic development. They find that discoveries, or episodes, when countries begin exporting a new product are not limited to so-called 'dynamic' industries. Rather, they also occur in traditional sectors such as agriculture. In addition, the data suggest discovery is a component of the stages of productive diversification that occur with development, following a consistent pattern--discovery activity peaks at the lower-middle income level and then declines. Based on this pattern, the authors show that discovery in the 1990s occurred with a higher than expected frequency in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and lower than expected frequency in Sub-Saharan Africa. Discovery is not found to be a product of structural transformation based on changing factor endowments across income levels. Beyond export growth, population, and development, there are no significant and positive relationships between the expected drivers of entrepreneurship and the frequency of discovery. Combined with the finding that higher absorptive capacity and lower barriers to entry are associated with a reduction in discovery, this suggests that market failures arising from imitation and free-riding may be inhibiting the emergence of new export products in developing countries. This paper--a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to understand the role of innovation in development"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3454
    Parallel Title: Lecocq, Franck Will the Kyoto Protocol affect growth in Russia?
    Keywords: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ; Air Pollution ; Economic aspects ; Air Pollution ; Economic aspects ; Russia (Federation) Economic conditions ; Russia (Federation) Economic conditions
    Abstract: "In light of the recent argument that rapid economic growth in Russia over the next decade might result in emissions higher than the Kyoto target, thereby putting much-needed growth at risk, Lecocq and Shalizi revisit the discussion on the costs and benefits of ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Russia. They conclude that even under a very high economic growth assumption, and even under very conservative assumptions about the decoupling between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth, Russia still benefits from a net surplus of emissions allowances, and thus will not see its growth adversely affected by the Kyoto target. In addition, a review of the possible costs and benefits of the Kyoto Protocol suggests that the potential sale of excess allowances far outweighs the other costs. This paper--a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze climate change mitigation and adaptation options"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3460
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment
    Keywords: Education ; Labor market ; Education ; Labor market
    Abstract: "Patrinos and Sakellariou use a nationally representative household survey to estimate returns to schooling in Venezuela from instrumental variables based on a supply-side intervention in the education market. These estimates apply to a subgroup of liquidity-constrained individuals, in the spirit of the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) literature. Returns to schooling estimates which apply to a subgroup of individuals affected by the policy intervention may be more interesting from a policy perspective than the return to the 'average' individual. The authors use an instrument based on the 1980 education reform (the Organic Law of Education) which provided for nine years of compulsory basic education. They also obtain alternative estimates using father's education as an instrument, in an attempt to derive high and low estimates of returns to schooling in Venezuela. The estimates are consistent with recent findings suggesting that the effect of education, at least for certain subgroups affected by a policy intervention, is as large or larger than what is suggested by OLS estimates. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3467
    Parallel Title: Verbeek, Jos Economic growth, income distribution, and poverty in Poland during transition
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Poland Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Economic policy 1990- ; Poland Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Economic policy 1990-
    Abstract: "Paci, Sasin, and Verbeek attempt to analyze the linkages between macroeconomic policies and economic growth variables, their movement over time, and their impact on poverty in the case of Poland. Poland, a middle-income country, is of particular interest because its data sources allow for a relatively detailed analysis of such developments, and the macroeconomic environment and the economic growth variables show a relatively sizable degree of variance. In addition, Poland has struggled in the past few years to reduce poverty while still experiencing positive economic growth. The authors show that in Poland, poverty-reducing growth depends heavily on the ability of the economy to generate jobs. During the early years of transition, net job growth was positive, while after the Russian crisis of 1998, productivity gains were accomplished mostly through labor shedding, henceforth, increasing poverty in Poland. In addition, the authors identify how fiscal and social protection policies affect income distribution and poverty in Poland. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze the links between post-transition economic growth and poverty reduction"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 082135678X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 262 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 331.12/042/0956
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-251) and index
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357417 , 9780821357415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (650 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: The external financing environment facing developing countries has brightened. In 2003, as global growth gained momentum, private capital flows to developing countries increased to
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 80 p) , ill , 26 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.75
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Sustainable development ; Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73)
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082135552X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 347 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.4/6/097281
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 343-347)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    ISBN: 0821358006 , 9780821358009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (287 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    Abstract: The Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE) is one of the world's best known series of conferences for the presentation and discussion of new knowledge about development. First held at World Bank headquarters in Washington D.C. in 1988, the ABCDE has become broader in scope as the world's economies have become more interconnected and challenges have become more complex. Presenting the proceedings of the May 2003 World Bank Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE), the volume imparts new research findings and discussions on key policy issues related to poverty reduction by eminent scholars and practitioners from around the world. Topics include Fostering Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth; Challenges of Development in Lagging Regions; Participation, Inclusion and Results and Scaling Up and Evaluation. Contributors to the volume include, Nicholas Stern, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank; Azim Hasham Premji, Chairman of Bangalore's Wipro Corporation; Francois Bourguignon of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Possiy, France; Partha Dasgupta of Cambridge University; Justin Lin of Hong Kong University; Rakesh Mohan, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India; Jean Philippe Platteau of the University of Namur, Belgium; Karen Polenske of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; T. N. Srinivasan, of Yale University; and Anthony Venables of the London School of Economics. The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2004 is a critical reference guide for development research and will be of interest to practitioners and those studying international development and poverty reduction
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357719 , 9780821357712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (124 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: Contents of Volume 1: Message from the Chairman, The Board of Executive Directors, The World Bank Group, The Development Agenda, Regional Perspectives, Thematic Perspectives, Improving Development Effectiveness, Summary of Fiscal 2004 Activities, and About the World Bank
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3188
    Parallel Title: Saggi, Kamal Trading market access for competition policy enforcement
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Antitrust law ; Free trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Tariff ; Antitrust law ; Free trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Tariff
    Note: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
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