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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4,586)
  • 2005-2009  (4,586)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,975)
  • Paris : OECD  (312)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (299)
Datasource
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Former Title: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD documents
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Physics of plutonium recycling
    Note: Name des Urhebers später: Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles
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  • 3
    Language: English , French , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD e-government studies
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Enterprise policy performance assessment
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fighting corruption in transition economies
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  • 7
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. PISA 2006, science competencies for tomorrow's world
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 1814-7364 , 1814-7364
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Series Statement: OECD publishing
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion des risques dans l'agriculture ; Une approche holistique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Managing risk in agriculture
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Landwirtschaft ; Risikomanagement ; Strategisches Management ; Agrarpolitik ; Konzeption
    Abstract: The sources of risk in agriculture are numerous and diverse, ranging from events related to climate and weather conditions to animal diseases; from changes in agriculture commodities prices to changes in fertilizer and other input prices; and from financial uncertainties to policy and regulatory risks. Agricultural risks are not independent, but rather are linked both to each other and as part of a system that includes all available instruments, strategies and policies designed to manage risk. A holistic approach is thus necessary. This book examines the current magnitude and characteristics of risk-related policies in agriculture and what is known about the quantitative size of agricultural risks. It looks at the on-farm, off-farm, and market instruments available to manage risk, and it explains how the holistic approach helps clarify the role of governments.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u. d. T.: Gestion des risques dans l'agriculture : une approache holistique
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264076037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described by this Test Guideline provides information that allows hazard assessment for short-term exposure to a test article by inhalation, and allows the substance to be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The test method is based on a stepwise procedure, each step using 3 animals of each sex (the preferred species is rat). Animals are exposed in inhalation chambers to a pre-defined concentration for 4 hours. Absence or presence of compound-related mortality of the animals at one step will determine the next step. Animals in severe pain or distress should be humanely killed. The starting concentration is selected from one of four fixed levels corresponding to GHS categories 1-4 for gases, vapours or aerosols. Animals are observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity for a total of at least 14 days. Animals' body weights should be determined at least weekly. All the animals should be subjected to gross necropsy.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Abstract: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264039322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. Japan is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of Japan's tertiary education system; an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in Japan; an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in Japan; and recommendations for future policy development. This review of tertiary education in Japan forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264077171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Combined heat and power and district heating and cooling (DHC) represent a series of proven, reliable and cost-effective technologies that are already making an important contribution to meeting global heat and electricity demand.This report follows the March 2008 report that hightlighted the energy, economic and environmental benefits of CHP and DHC (IEA, 2008). That report also provides a technical introduction to CHP/DHC and describes its global status and potential.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264079205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook on deriving capital measures of intellectual property products
    RVK:
    Keywords: Immaterialgüterrechte ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Economics ; Immaterialgut ; Immaterielles Wirtschaftsgut ; Messung ; System of National Accounts ; Kapitalbildung
    Abstract: The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be recorded as capital formation. This is a natural extension to the 1993 SNA, which recommends recording many acquisitions of software and databases, mineral exploration, and entertainment, artistic and literary originals as capital formation, too. These products have a common characteristic, namely that their value reflects the underlying intellectual property they embody, which is why they are referred to collectively in this publication as intellectual property products (IPPs). But they also share another important characteristic: their measurement is not straightforward, and in the absence of clear guidance it is highly likely that estimates will not be comparable between countries. This Handbook is designed to provide that guidance by considering IPPs collectively, based on their common characteristics, by type, based on any specificities, such as data availability, and by detailed transaction - for example the valuation of IPPs that have been produced for internal use by their developers, the valuation of unsuccessful IPPs, and the production of IPPs produced and made freely available by government.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Abstract: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Measuring government activity
    DDC: 352
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Government productivity Measurement ; Public administration Evaluation ; Governance ; Regierung ; Verwaltungshandeln ; Messung ; Regierung ; Verwaltungshandeln ; Messung
    Abstract: The size and the economic significance of the public sector make it a major contributor to economic growth and social welfare. The goods and services government provides, its redistributive and regulatory powers, and how those are exercised affect the way business is conducted and people live their lives in every country. Citizens are entitled to understand how government works and how public revenues are used. This book provides a significant contribution to developing a coherent, reliable system for data collection and analysis. It summarises the available OECD and other international data on public sector inputs and processes. It also examines the existing internationally comparable data on outputs and outcomes, and recommends new approaches to measurement.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Mesurer l'activité des administrations
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073951
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Políticas de pesca y acuicultura de Chile ; Informe de base
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. An appraisal of the Chilean fisheries sector
    Keywords: Fisheries Chile ; Agriculture and Food ; Chile ; Chile ; Fischerei ; Aquakultur
    Abstract: Chile is one of the major players in the world fishing scene. But during the past fifty years, Chile has had to face issues of over-investment, sharp declines in catch levels, disputes among stakeholders, fleet downsizing, and aquaculture diseases, among others. This report describes the challenging and complex learning process that the Chilean fisheries and aquaculture sector has undergone and the evolution of its policies and management systems. Governance of the industrial, artisanal and aquaculture industries has followed different paths of policy development and current management reflects the particular pressures confronting each segment of the sector. And policy evolution continues, with a range of initiatives underway to meet the current challenges. The Chilean state has been one of the main forces behind these developments, laying the foundation for a strong and robust fisheries and aquaculture sector.
    Note: Span. Ausg. u.d.T.: Políticas de pesca y acuicultura de Chile
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264076372
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 ; Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 : Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay, which provides mechanistical information, and can be used for screening and prioritization purposes. The test system utilises the hERalpha-HeLa-9903 cell line derived from a human cervical tumor and stably transfected. This cell line can measure the ability of a test chemical to induce hERalpha-mediated transactivation of luciferase gene expression. The cells are exposed to 7 non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test chemical for 20-24 hours to induce the reporter gene products. Four reference chemicals should be included in each experiment: a strong estrogen (17beta-estradiol), a weak estrogen (17alpha-estradiol), a very weak estrogen (17alpha-methyltestosterone) and a negative control (corticosterone). The activity of the luciferase enzyme is measured in a luminometer. A test chemical is considered to be positive if the maximum response induced is equal to or exceeds 10% of the response of the positive control (1 nM 17alpha-estradiol) in at least two of two or two of three runs. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264064072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report explores the educational performance and attitudes of males and females during childhood and adolescence. It opens with a general summary of gender differences measured outside of the PISA assessment programme and then considers the knowledge gained about gender-related issues from PISA 2000, PISA 2003 and PISA 2006 when reading, mathematics and science respectively were the major domains of assessment. Among the key findings: in reading in PISA 2000, females significantly outscored males in all countries; in mathematics in PISA 2003, males outscored females somewhat; in the combined science scale in PISA 2006, there was no overall significant difference observed between males and females. However, when examining the various science competencies, knowledge components and attitudes to science, there were some marked differences.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264049048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Finland's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of the strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264071223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 ; Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 : Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for this study. For rodents, each dose group and concurrent control group intended for the carcinogenicity phase of the study should contain at least 50 animals of each sex, while for the chronic toxicity phase of the study should contain at least 10 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels should be used, in addition to the concurrent control group for both the chronic toxicity phase and the carcinogenicity phase of the study. The three main routes of administration are oral, dermal, and inhalation. The Test Guideline focuses on the oral route of administration. The period of dosing and duration of the study is normally 12 months for the chronic phase, and 24 months for the carcinogenicity phase. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology. All these observations permit the detection of neoplastic effects and a determination of carcinogenic potential as well as the general toxicity.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264070806
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 ; Toxicité subchronique par inhalation ; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 : Toxicité subchronique par inhalation : 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 413 (TG 413) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a period of 90 days, and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 10 male and 10 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 90 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test chemical. The results of the study include measurement and daily and detailed observations (haematology and clinical chemistry), as well as ophthalmology, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. This Test Guideline allows the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, interim sacrifices, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264073616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Économie de la lutte contre le changement climatique ; Politiques et options pour une action globale au-delà de 2012
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The economics of climate change mitigation
    DDC: 530
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimaschutz ; Entwicklungsländer ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Environmental economics ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Economic aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Government policy ; Environment ; Entwicklungsländer ; Klimaänderung ; Klimaschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Soziale Kosten ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: Against the background of a projected doubling of world greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century, this book explores feasible ways to abate them at least cost. Through quantitative analysis, it addresses key climate policy issues including: an ideal set of climate policy tools; the size of the economic and environmental costs of incomplete country or sector coverage of climate change mitigation policies; how to concretely develop a global carbon market; the case for, and what can we reasonably expect from, R&D and technology support policies; and the incentives for major emitting countries to join a climate change mitigation agreement.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Économie de la lutte contre le changement climatique
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Online identity theft
    DDC: 364.16/33
    RVK:
    Keywords: Phishing ; Identity theft ; Internet fraud ; Identity theft Prevention ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Identitätsdiebstahl ; Phishing
    Abstract: Using widely available Internet tools, internet thieves trick unsuspecting computer users into providing personal data, which they then use for illicit purposes, causing mistrust of online payment and banking services. This book defines identity theft and studies how it is perpetrated, outlines what is being done to combat the major types of ID theft, and recommends specific ways that ID theft can be addressed in an effective, global manner.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264070783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 ; Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation ; étude sur 28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 : Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation : étude sur 28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 412 (TG 412) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a limited period of time (28 days), and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 5 male and 5 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 28 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test article. This guideline allows the study director the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264055513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The changing boundaries of social enterprises
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nonprofit-Organisation ; Sozialwirtschaft ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entrepreneurship ; Nonprofit-Organisation
    Abstract: Social enterprises are entering a new phase of consolidation after overcoming various challenges over the last 10 years in their efforts to foster sustainable local development, help create local wealth and jobs, and fight social exclusion. This book contains recommendations for national and local policy makers and presents a set of international best practices based on new legislation that has been enacted, novel frontiers that have opened up, and support and financial tools that have been developed.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068322
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of pears in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in pears.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264060753
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Manual includes detailed explanations on how to implement the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended; copies of the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL (Annex A), including Appendices 3 and 4, and Appendix 8 which have been amended by C(2008)156; the updated consolidated lists of waste subject to the Green and Amber control procedures (Annexes B and C); other relevant information to facilitate the implementation of the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, such as applicable international transport agreements and a sample contract; and queries of the interactive database aiming to facilitate the paperwork of all parties involved in transboundary movements of wastes by providing the necessary information to complete the forms for the notification and movement documents. The database includes the information required by the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended and some practical information for each OECD member country (http://www2.oecd.org/waste).
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264059726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative ; Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies; Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative : Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies: Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Governments face the challenge of rationalising and minimising administrative burdens imposed by bureaucratic requirements. At the same time, they need to use administrative procedures as a source of information and a tool for implementing public policies. Administrative simplification strategies are designed to streamline procedures, reduce complexity, paperwork and uncertainty. This guide draws on the experience of, and policy dialogue between, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Middle East and North African countries (MENA). It reviews common barriers to designing and implementing a strategy for administrative simplification and offers 22 approaches to overcome them, providing a synthesis of good practices among policy makers and practitioners working on cutting red tape.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264054950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Integrating climate change adaptation into development co-operation
    DDC: 363.73874
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Environment ; Development ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Abstract: The negative impacts of climate change will hit poor people and poor countries disproportionately, and further compromise the achievement of their development objectives. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation provides essential information and advice on how to facilitate the integration of adaptation into development processes. The objectives of this policy guidance are to: i) promote understanding of the implications of climate change on development practice and the associated need to mainstream climate adaptation in development co-operation agencies and partner countries; ii) identify appropriate approaches for integrating climate change adaptation into development policies at national, sectoral and project levels and in urban and rural contexts; and iii) identify practical ways for donors to support developing country partners in their efforts to reduce their vulnerability to climate variability and climate change. While efforts to integrate climate change adaptation will be led by developing country partners, international donors have a critical role to play in supporting such efforts.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conduire les politiques de développement régional ; Les indicateurs de performance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Governing regional development policy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Regional planning ; Regional planning Case studies ; Regional economics ; Regional economics Case studies ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Regionalpolitik ; Anreizsystem ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This report examines both the challenges and the opportunities associated with designing and using indicator systems as a tool for the governance of regional development policy. It draws on the experiences of a number of OECD countries and provides an in-depth look at the cases of Italy, the United Kingdom (England), the United States and the European Union. It builds on previous OECD work on the governance of regional development policy by extending lessons about contractual relations among levels of government to performance indicator systems.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. OECD Managing water for all
    DDC: 338.4/336361
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wasser ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environmental impact charges / OECD countries / Statistics ; Water quality management / OECD countries / Finance ; Environment ; OECD ; Wasser ; Wasserversorgung ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Water is a key prerequisite for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. This report, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation, summarises the results of OECD work in this area.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: De l'eau pour tous
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264075962
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1; OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1: OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: A lo largo de la última década, México ha experimentado una reforma económica y política significativa. Durante este periodo se han registrado importantes mejoras en la salud de las finanzas públicas que deja a México en mejor postura para soportar la actual crisis económica global. Desde 2006 el gobierno mexicano ha avanzado con la aprobación de una serie de leyes y reformas dirigidas a enfrentar los retos estructurales, mejorar la responsabilidad y transparencia fiscales, y crear un proceso y un marco presupuestarios más eficientes y transparentes en línea con las prácticas internacionales. El informe comenta las recientes reformas en México y los sistemas actuales para la formulación del presupuesto, la función del Congreso, la ejecución del presupuesto y la gestión financiera, así como la rendición de cuentas de los resultados (presupuesto basado en resultados). Además, el informe formula propuestas para futuras reformas.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. China is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of China's tertiary education system; an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in China; an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in China; and recommendations for future policy development. This review of tertiary education in China forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264050815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: What does PISA actually assess? This book presents all the publicly available questions from the PISA surveys. Some of these questions were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys and others were used in developing and trying out the assessment. After a brief introduction to the PISA assessment, the book presents three chapters, including PISA questions for the reading, mathematics and science tests, respectively. Each chapter presents an overview of what exactly the questions assess. The second section of each chapter presents questions which were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, that is, the actual PISA tests for which results were published. The third section presents questions used in trying out the assessment. Although these questions were not used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, they are nevertheless illustrative of the kind of question PISA uses. The final section shows all the answers, along with brief comments on each question.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264068391
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of potatoes in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in potatoes.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264039360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This review, designed to help Spain understand how improving tertiary education can help it achieve its economic and social goals, presents an overview of Spain's tertiary education system, an account of trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendation for future development.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060074
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Keywords: Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The radical transformation that Spanish rural areas have experienced in the past few decades suggest, as it has occurred in many OECD countries, a new approach to rural policy. Spain has recently undertaken a major reform of its rural policies, including the merger of the Ministry of Agriculture with the Ministry of the Environment and the recently approved Law on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas. This new framework creates a multi-sectoral and place-based “rural policy of state”, making Spain better equipped to address the challenges and opportunities of rural areas. This report – undertaken at the same time as the reforms were being implemented – will interest both policy makers engaged in similar reform processes and others working on issues such the “political economy” of reforms, rural tourism, renewable energies, rural clusters, development of peri-urban areas and public service delivery in remote rural areas.
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/07
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Determining comparability of effort between mitigation actions and targets proposed by different countries is an ongoing issue for international climate negotiations. A number of indicators have been proposed to reflect comparability of effort and differences in national circumstances; key amongst these are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (per capita), GDP per capita, as well as GHG mitigation potential. This paper focuses on mitigation potential to provide a comparative assessment between six OECD member economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. GHG mitigation potential is defined to be the level of GHG emission reductions that could be realised, relative to the projected emission baseline in a given year, for a given carbon price. Data for the selected countries were obtained across the time horizon of 2005-2050 from a total of 19 models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies. The paper examines the implications of model structure, and assesses how baseline scenarios vary between the models, before analysing the GHG mitigation potential estimates. GHG mitigation potential is compared for carbon prices of USD 20, 50 and 100/tCO2e. For an assumed carbon price of USD 50/tCO2e, mitigation potential in Japan is estimated to be relatively lower than for the other five economies, ranging from 5-20% emission reduction from baseline in 2020. Although noticeably fewer models report data for Mexico at this price level, the models show deeper potential reductions in the range of 25-37% at the same carbon price. Mitigation potential estimates for Australia, Canada and the US show a wider range of 14-39% reduction relative to 2020 baselines. The EU shows a relatively tighter range of 16-29% emission reductions to 2020. The results of this study show greater emission reduction potentials in the year 2050 than in the year 2020 across the six economies examined, reflecting structural and technical changes that occur over time, including the availability of carbon capture and storage from 2030. In general, the paper finds closer agreement across the models for mitigation potential in 2020 than for later years, reflecting greater uncertainty as projections extend into the future.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060531
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade: Free, Fair and Open?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international : Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Der internationale Handel hat Auswirkungen auf den Preis und die Verfügbarkeit von fast allem, was wir kaufen. Zudem hat er Einfluss auf eine Vielzahl anderer Bereiche wie Beschäftigung, Umwelt und Armutsbekämpfung. Und er wird seinerseits von einer Fülle verschiedener Faktoren beeinflusst, von der natürlichen Ressourcenausstattung bis hin zu Modetrends. Die OECD ist eine führende Quelle für Daten, Analysen und Politikempfehlungen in Handelsfragen. Gestützt auf dieses umfassende Fachwissen wird in OECD Insights: Internationaler Handel deutlich gemacht, dass es ohne Handel – wenn überhaupt – nur selten gelungen ist, Wohlstand zu erreichen oder zu sichern. Handel allein ist jedoch nicht genug. Es bedarf darüber hinaus Maßnahmen in Bereichen wie Beschäftigung, Bildung oder Gesundheit, um das Wohlergehen der Menschen zu fördern und die Herausforderungen der globalisierten Wirtschaft zu bewältigen.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/04
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.740
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: Japan, a relatively energy-efficient country, has been active in combating climate change. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Japan is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6% relative to 1990 over the period 2008-12. As of 2007, however, its emissions were up by 9%. Japan has relied primarily on voluntary measures, which are monitored by the government, without binding commitments or price signals on carbon. It is essential to improve the policy framework to achieve its ambitious longer-term target of a 60% to 80% emission reduction by 2050 in a cost-effective manner. Japan should shift from voluntary measures to market-based instruments, notably a mandatory and comprehensive emission trading scheme, supplemented if necessary, by carbon taxes in areas not covered by trading, which minimise abatement costs and promote innovation to reduce emissions. Trading schemes should be linked to those in other countries, while expanding Japan’s use of a well-functioning Clean Development Mechanism. Continued public support for R&D in emission reduction technology, particularly in basic research, is important.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264048096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The PISA 2006 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2006 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses. The reader will find a wealth of information on the test and sample design, methodologies used to analyse the data, technical features of the project and quality control mechanisms.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les pensions privées 2008
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As the role of private pension systems grows in importance, there is a need to monitor their development and review their performance in an international context, especially following the crisis in the financial markets in 2008. This first edition of the OECD Private Pensions Outlook provides essential data on assets, investments, membership, and industry structure based on the latest official statistics, as well as a framework for evaluating the trends shaping the pensions industry, based on the role of the private pensions in relation to the public pension system. It also provides comprehensive country profiles, describing private pension arrangements in individual OECD countries. This edition's special feature covers the implications for pensions and private pensions policy of the financial crisis. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs linking graphs and tables via the internet to Excel® table containing the underlying data.
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  • 48
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Including Pupils with Special Educational Needs in Schools in Ireland
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Rédigées à l’attention des chefs d’établissements, des conseils d’administration et des concepteurs, ces directives fournissent des indications en matière de planification et de conception de l’espace avec pour objectif la fourniture d’installations d’apprentissage permanentes conçues pour les élèves ayant des besoins éducatifs spéciaux dans les 26 comtés de l’Irlande. Ces directives reflètent nombre des changements récents dans le système éducatif irlandais, des changements qui ont accentué la nécessité de créer des espaces supplémentaires en mesure d’accueillir l’éventail croissant de services d’enseignement et de soutien destinés aux élèves présentant des troubles autistiques, des troubles émotifs et/ou des problèmes comportementaux, des troubles du langage, des déficiences auditives ou visuelles, des troubles multisensoriels ou d’autres besoins.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.85
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Durabilité et innovation dans les écoles du Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This article recommends approaches to take in designing sustainable educational environments. The authors present recent examples of UK school buildings that reduce carbon emissions and capitalise on renewable energy sources, and predict how schools will respond to energy needs in the future.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.34
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC).
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.88
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.94
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.22
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 153 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.47
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264060906
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (445 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation; 15 Mexican States 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Abstract: Aunque México ha presentado estabilidad macroeconómica en años recientes, el país aún padece de un estancamiento en el crecimiento de su productividad. En un contexto mundial, la competitividad de México a largo plazo necesitará mayor acción tanto en el sector público como en el privado para estimular la innovación y el crecimiento económico en todas las regiones del territorio nacional. En este informe se revisan tanto las políticas nacionales como estatales de México y la manera en que pueden fomentar mejor los sistemas de innovación regional; incluye una semblanza de 15 estados.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2009/01
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.89
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Crises de la dette souveraine et indicateurs d'alerte : le rôle du marché obligataire primaire
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: During the 1990s and the 2000s a variety of crises affected the stability of international capital markets: from the European Monetary System crisis in 1992-93 and the emerging market crises to today’s financial crisis have been present in the arenas of capital markets. These crises stimulated the theoretical and empirical literature on the economics of the crises in several ways, among other things on the determinants of a crisis, its impact on domestic output, and policy implications. In most of the recent crises public sector financing difficulties combined with currency problems dominated the collapse of these countries. Both unsustainable fiscal and monetary policies were important factors behind these crises (...)
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264076280
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 232; Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est destinée à évaluer les effets des substances chimiques sur la reproduction des collemboles dans le sol. Folsomia candida, qui se reproduit par parthénogénèse, est l’espèce recommandée, mais une autre espèce telle que Folsomia Fimetaria, dont la reproduction est sexuée, peut aussi être utilisée si les critères de validité sont remplis. Cette Ligne directrice peut être utilisée pour des substances solubles ou insolubles, mais elle ne s’applique pas aux substances volatiles. L’objectif est de déterminer les effets toxiques de la substance sur la mortalité des adultes et sur le taux de reproduction exprimé respectivement par la CLx et la CEx, ou par les valeurs CSEO/CMEO. Le nombre de concentrations d’essai varie en fonction des effets à mesurer. Pour une approche combinée visant à déterminer les CSEO/CMEO, huit concentrations formant une série géométrique, quatre réplicats pour chaque concentration et huit réplicats témoins sont utilisés. Dans chaque récipient d’essai, 10 juvéniles F. candida (ou 10 males et 10 femelles F. fimetaria) sont placés sur 30 g de sol artificiel modifié OCDE contenant 5 % de matière organique. La durée d’un essai de reproduction définitif est de 4 semaines pour F. candida et de 3 semaines pour F. fimetaria.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Impact des flambées d'épizooties et des nouvelles pratiques de lutte sur les marchés et les échanges agricoles : Le cas de la fièvre aphteuse
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les marges extensives des échanges agricoles
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.737
    Keywords: Economics ; Erdölpreis ; Geschichte 2009
    Abstract: Crude oil prices have trended up since the end of the 1990s, peaking at a historic high in mid-2008 that was followed by a steep price correction with a subsequent rebound. This paper considers major forces behind the evolution of the oil price, using a simple model of supply and demand elasticities as a benchmark, highlights implications for inflation and economic activity and draws some conclusions for macroeconomic policy. The analysis suggests that the run-up in crude oil prices since 2003 was due to both vigorous oil demand growth by emerging markets and, from the middle of the decade onward, a weaker than expected oil supply response to rising prices. Prices are unlikely to fall back to levels seen in the first years of the decade either over the short or medium term.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 113 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness calls upon donor and partner countries to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of country systems in a way that guarantees ownership and sustainable results. Within this context, the current paper provides a synthesis of major elements and approaches of institutional assessment that may be applied to environmental management. It suggests that while a large number of diagnostic tools are in use, their level of elaboration is not sufficient for systemic sector-specific capacity assessments that would match partners’ and donors’ needs. In order to facilitate the improvement of these tools, the paper provides an inventory of core functions for environmental management. This inventory may be used by those involved in capacity assessments to consider more amply specifics of the environmental sector. Each function will need to be associated with benchmarks reflecting the multifaceted nature of institutional capacity. The evolving approaches to environmental management, as well as changes in the international and country context, impose the need to regularly update both the list of functions and complementary benchmarks.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.732
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: Despite progress over the past two decades Mexico?s health and education indicators remain well below the average of the OECD and some of its Latin American emerging market peers. Health insurance coverage is incomplete, especially for low-income families, and access to health services is highly uneven. There are several separate vertically integrated insurance networks, which increases administrative costs and results in an inefficient use of facilities. In education, lower secondary schools enroll only two thirds of the relevant age group and the quality of education is low, as indicated by poor PISA scores. This reflects poor teaching quality, a consequence of non-transparent teacher selection processes until recently, and limited school autonomy in budgeting, instruction and personnel decisions. Accountability to the government and parents is also low as there is no national exit exam after secondary education and the existing evaluation schemes are fragmented. Recent health and education reforms have started to address these issues, but more needs to be done to increase the efficiency of spending by increasing the coverage of health insurance, reducing the fragmentation of the health system, increasing enrolment in lower secondary education, and improving the quality of teaching.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.677
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This paper constructs a broad measure of financial conditions for the United States, Japan, the Euro Area and the United Kingdom, by extending monetary condition indices which are traditionally used to gauge the impact of monetary policy on the economy. In addition to changes in the exchange rate and short and long interest rates, the change in credit availability, corporate bond spreads and household wealth are taken into account to gauge the evolution of financial conditions. Since the onset of the financial crisis, financial conditions have tightened by an unprecedented degree in the four countries/regions and this is evaluated to exert a major drag on activity.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.77
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 170 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2009/02
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cities are part of the climate change problem, but they are also a key part of the solution. This report offers a comprehensive analysis of how cities and metropolitan regions can change the way we think about responding to climate change. Cities consume the vast majority of global energy and are therefore major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, the exposed infrastructure and prevalent coastal location of many cities makes them common targets for climate change impacts such as sea level rise and fiercer storms. This report illustrates how local involvement through ?climate-conscious? urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities. Six main chapters analyse the link between urbanisation, energy use and CO2 emissions; assess the potential contribution of local policies in reducing global energy demand and the trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives at the local scale; discuss complementary and mutually reinforcing policies such as the combination of compact growth policies with those that improve mass transit linkages; and evaluate a number of tools, including the ?greening? of existing fiscal policies, financing arrangements to combat climate change at the local level, and green innovation and jobs programmes. One of the main messages of this report is that urban policies (e.g. densification or congestion charges) can complement global climate policies (e.g. a carbon tax) by reducing global energy demand, CO2 emissions and the overall abatement costs of reducing carbon emissions. To inform the groundswell of local climate change action planning, the report highlights best practices principally from OECD member countries but also from certain non-member countries.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264041844
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth; The Economics and Politics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth: The Economics and Politics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Cette publication démontre que les ressources naturelles peuvent contribuer à la croissance, à l’emploi, aux exportations et aux recettes budgétaires dans les pays à faible revenu où le capital naturel représente un quart de la richesse totale. Elle souligne l’importance de l’adoption de mesures qui encouragent une gestion durable de ces ressources. Elle met enfin en évidence la nécessité de bien appréhender les enjeux politiques de la gestion des ressources naturelles pour favoriser une croissance économique à long terme qui profite aux pauvres. La partie I propose une vue d’ensemble des enjeux économiques et politiques de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles. Elle décrit les caractéristiques propres aux ressources naturelles et les difficultés de gestion qui en résultent, le rôle que peut jouer une gestion durable des ressources naturelles à l’appui d’une croissance pro-pauvres, et les enjeux politiques et en matière de gouvernance associés à ces ressources naturelles. Elle formule ensuite des recommandations à l’intention des responsables des politiques quant aux moyens à mobiliser pour concrétiser les approches préconisées dans la publication. La partie II analyse sept secteurs en particulier : la pêche, la forêt, la faune et la flore sauvages, l’écotourisme, la productivité des sols, la sécurité relative à l’eau, les ressources minérales et les énergies renouvelables.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2009/02
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.35
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are to meet the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This builds on the numeracy framework developed for the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL). Numeracy is broadly defined and complemented with a definition of ‘numerate behaviour’. Four facets of numerate behaviour are identified and described to guide the development of assessment tasks.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.276
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.83
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/16
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.699
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of financial crises on potential output. For this purpose a univariate autoregressive growth equation is estimated on an unbalanced panel of OECD countries over the period 1960 to 2007. Our results suggest that the occurrence of a financial crisis negatively and permanently affects potential output. In particular, financial crises are estimated to lower potential output by around 1.5 to 2.4% on average. The magnitude of the effect increases with the severity of the crisis. The occurrence of a deep crisis is found to decrease potential output by nearly 4%, almost twice the amount observed for the average of crises. These results are robust to the use of an alternative measure of potential output, changes in the methodology and in the sample periods.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: In developing countries, 6 out of 10 people die from infectious diseases. Nearly 1 billion humans suffer from a neglected infectious disease, according to the World Health Organisation. Yet less than 1% of the new drugs placed on the market from 1975 to the turn of the century were developed for these diseases. This book looks at ways of improving the availability of medicines for infectious diseases through strengthened coherence in health, trade, science and technology, development co-operation and finance.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264046016
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; Russian Federation 2008; Strengthening the Policy Framework for Investment
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: En 2007, les flux d’investissements internationaux de la Russie ont atteint des niveaux record qui font de ce pays l’un des principaux destinataires et émetteurs d’IDE dans le monde. La Russie pourrait accroître sa capacité d’attirer les investissements internationaux en renforçant la concurrence bénéfique et en ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives d’investissement. L’adoption par les entreprises russes de pratiques commerciales internationales normalisées peut également améliorer la réputation et la de fiabilité de la Russie en tant que destinataire et émetteur d’IDE. L’étude de la politique d’investissement énergétique de la Russie réalisée à partir du Cadre d’action pour l’investissement de l’OCDE définit différentes mesures essentielles pour faire face aux besoins d’investissement considérables du pays dans le domaine de l’énergie et surmonter les difficultés inhérentes à ce secteur.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059887
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: En dépit des progrès accomplis ces dernières années, il est de plus en plus manifeste que certains des principaux objectifs environnementaux des pays de l’OCDE ne sont pas en voie d’être atteints. Cette étude examine les stratégies et instruments utilisés par les pouvoirs publics pour garantir la conformité aux réglementations en matière de prévention et de réduction de la pollution, en particulier dans le secteur industriel. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse comparative de la mise en application des dispositions environnementales dans six pays membres de l’OCDE (États-Unis, Finlande, France, Japon, Pays-Bas et Royaume-Uni), ainsi qu’en Chine et en Russie. L'étude propose aux responsables de l’action publique et aux organismes chargés de la réglementation sur l'environnement et autres parties prenantes une analyse approfondie de la conception, de la gestion et des principaux éléments qui constituent les programmes mis en place par les pouvoirs publics pour veiller au respect de la réglementation. Mettant plus particulièrement l’accent sur la promotion et la surveillance de la conformité aux réglementations et sur les mesures prises en cas de non-respect, elle recense et compare les bonnes pratiques observées dans les pays étudiés, les situe dans le contexte de la culture réglementaire de chaque pays et met en évidence les tendances clés observées à l’échelle internationale.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264059245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'emploi informel dans les pays en développement ; Une normalité indépassable ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Is informal normal?
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Entwicklungsländer ; Employment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schattenwirtschaft ; Beschäftigung
    Abstract: The informal sector deprives states of revenues and workers of social protection. It also, however, frequently constitutes the most dynamic part of the economy and creates massive employment. Informal employment is ubiquitous and growing. The financial crisis that began in 2008 has made the management of informal employment even more challenging. Responding to this emerging challenge is critical, not only for the well being of millions of workers but also for social development. Is Informal Normal? provides evidence for policy makers on how to deal with this issue of crucial importance for developing and developed countries alike. This book includes StatLinks, URLs linking charts and graphs to Excel files containing the data. “In countries such as China, the exceptional scale of rural to urban migration amplifies the challenges from informality. This work provides valuable analytical results for understanding this major transformation, its problems and impacts.” -Professor Li Shi, Beijing Normal University “This volume is an important contribution to the current policy debates on the informal economy. It recommends providing support to the working poor in the informal economy, making formal structures more efficient and flexible and creating more formal jobs.” -Professor Marty Chen, Harvard Kennedy School and WIEGO “The strengths of this volume are many: evidence that “Informal Is Normal;” references to many newer studies and ways of thinking; the consistent three-pronged strategy; accessibility. Is Informal Normal? will serve as a reference in the literature on informality for years to come.” -Professor Gary Fields, Cornell University
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264062689
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Aid
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de l'aide ; Pratiques des pays membres du CAD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thioléron, Elisabeth Managing aid
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; OECD ; OECD Development Assistance Committee ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Development co-operation donors are held accountable for the way they manage aid and the development results they achieve. They want to see more partner country ownership, greater use of partner country systems, and work better together. This involves decentralising responsibility, concentrating efforts, managing for results, creating new systems, changing staff profiles, and building capacity in donor and partner countries. This book outlines what individual donors are doing to fulfil their development co-operation ambitions and their part of the international agreements – reached in Paris in 2005 (Paris Declaration) and Accra in 2008 (Accra Agenda for Action) – to make aid more effective.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Adema, Willem Chile
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Armut ; Einkommensverteilung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Altersvorsorge ; Chile ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Chile ; Chile ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses in detail the implications of recent developments in Chile's labour market and social policy and considers the available policy options from the perspective of OECD countries’ experience. The report finds that Chile has enjoyed rising living standards over two decades of strong economic growth. The incidence of poverty is now much lower and there is better access to adequate housing, education and healthcare. Nevertheless, Chile’s income distribution remains disturbingly unequal by OECD standards. This is partly due to Chile’s a relatively low employment rate, especially for women, but it also reflects a segmented labour market, where much of the recent job creation has occurred in relatively low-productive sectors. Moreover, despite the existence of an internationally renowned pension programme, Chile’s social protection system as a whole has still a relatively long way to go before reaching the standards of developed countries in terms of effective coverage and capacity to assist needy households. Chilean policy makers have begun to develop and implement a series of ambitious reforms, intended to promote the twin goals of work and equity.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting consumer education
    DDC: 381.33
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Verbrauchererziehung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD
    Abstract: Consumers today are challenged by growing amounts of information and wider choices of products, requiring them to develop skills and knowledge for making good choices in complex markets. This publication examines the approaches that governments use to promote consumer education in OECD and some non-OECD countries, highlighting the policies and measures that have been particularly effective. It also analyses recent trends, the role of stakeholders, steps being taken to evaluate the effectiveness of current programmes and the principal challenges.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Educación Superior en Chile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tertiary education in Chile
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Chile ; Education ; Chile ; Chile ; Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung
    Abstract: This joint OECD and World Bank review gives a brief overview of post-secondary education in Chile and describes its development over the past twenty years. It presents an analysis of the system and identifies key directions for policy reform in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students. It concludes with a set of key recommendations concerning the structure of the system and its labour market relevance; access and equity, governance and management; research, development and innovation; internationalisation; and financing.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264067127
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Impact Analysis; A Tool for Policy Coherence
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’analyse d’impact de la réglementation (AIR) est une démarche systémique d’évaluation critique des effets positifs et négatifs de la réglementation en projet ou en vigueur, ainsi que des substituts non réglementaires. Cette publication rassemble des travaux récents de l’OCDE portant sur les aspects méthodologiques et les expériences nationales résultant de la mise en œuvre de l’AIR. Les différents chapitres de l’ouvrage traitent d’un certain nombre des défis auxquels se trouve confrontée l’efficacité de l’AIR, notamment les facteurs systémiques qui influent sur sa qualité, les cadres méthodologiques qui peuvent lui être utiles pour améliorer la réglementation ainsi que les orientations concernant son emploi qui permettent d’éviter de réglementer inutilement des marchés concurrentiels. Un examen de l’application de l’AIR en matière de gouvernement d’entreprise dans un certain nombre de pays de l’OCDE est également proposé. Au total, cette publication constitue une source d’indications pratiques particulièrement utiles sur les moyens de renforcer l’efficacité des méthodes d’AIR afin de promouvoir la prospérité économique grâce à une réglementation de meilleure qualité.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264073111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (498 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie politique de la réforme ; Retraites, emplois et déréglementation dans dix pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tompson, William The political economy of reform
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: This report examines why some policy reforms get implemented and others languish by examining 20 structural reform efforts in 10 OECD countries over the past two decades. The case studies cover a wide variety of reform attempts in three key areas: pensions, labour- and product-market regulation. Key factors in the political, economic and reform-specific arenas are identified as helping or hindering reform, and these findings are cross-checked using a relatively simple set of Spearman rank correlations. The report’s two-pronged analytical approach – quantitative and qualitative – results in unique insights for policy makers designing, adopting and implementing structural policy reforms.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264059269
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Is Informal Normal ?; Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries
    Keywords: Employment ; Development
    Abstract: Le secteur informel prive les États de recettes publiques et les salariés de protection sociale. Cependant, il constitue souvent la partie la plus dynamique de l’économie et crée massivement des emplois. L’emploi informel est omniprésent et croissant. La crise financière qui a débuté en 2008 a fait de la gestion de l’emploi informel un sujet encore plus brûlant. Il est impératif de répondre à ce nouveau défi, non seulement pour le bien-être de millions de salariés mais aussi pour le développement social. Cet ouvrage donne des indications aux responsables politiques sur les moyens de traiter cette question d’une importance essentielle pour les pays en développement comme pour les pays industrialisés. « Dans des pays comme la Chine, l’ampleur exceptionnelle des migrations rurales vers les villes amplifie les problèmes posés par l’économie informelle. Ces travaux offrent des résultats analytiques précieux pour la compréhension de cette transformation majeure, de ses problèmes et de ses impacts. » Professeur Li Shi, Université Normale de Pékin « Cet ouvrage constitue une contribution importante aux débats actuels de politique économique sur l’économie informelle. Il recommande l’attribution d’aides aux travailleurs pauvres de l’économie informelle, ce qui permettrait de rendre les structures formelles plus efficientes, plus souples et plus créatrices d’emplois formels ». Professeur Marty Chen, Harvard Kennedy School et WIEGO « Les qualités de cet ouvrage sont nombreuses : des données montrant que « l’économie informelle est normale » ; des références à de nombreuses études et modes de pensée plus récents ; la stratégie cohérente à trois volets ; l’accessibilité. Ce livre servira de référence dans les travaux sur l’économie informelle au cours des années à venir ». Professeur Gary Fields, Université de Cornell
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. Urban planning will shape future trends and the concentration of population, socio-economic activity, poverty and infrastructure in urban areas translates into particular vulnerability to increased climate hazards. City governments and urban stakeholders will therefore be essential in the design and delivery of cost-effective adaptation policies. Further, by empowering local governments, national policies could leverage existing local experiments, accelerate policy responses, foster resource mobilization and engage local stakeholders. This paper presents a framework for multilevel governance, showing that advancing governance of climate change across all levels of government and relevant stakeholders is crucial to avoid policy gaps between local action plans and national policy frameworks (vertical integration) and to encourage cross-scale learning between relevant departments or institutions in local and regional governments (horizontal dimension). Vertical and horizontal integration allows two-way benefits: locally-led or bottom-up where local initiatives influence national action and nationally-led or top-down where enabling frameworks empower local players. The most promising frameworks combine the two into hybrid models of policy dialogue where the lessons learnt are used to modify and fine-tune enabling frameworks and disseminated horizontally, achieving more efficient local implementation of climate strategies.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264071230
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 453; Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'objectif d'une étude combinée de toxicité chronique/cancérogénèse est l’identification des effets cancérigènes et chroniques dans des espèces mammifères, et la détermination des relations dose-effets à la suite d’une exposition prolongée et répétée. Le rat est typiquement utilisé dans cette étude. Pour les rongeurs, chaque groupe de dose et groupe témoin de la phase « cancérogénèse » contient au moins 50 animaux de chaque sexe, tandis que pour la phase « toxicité chronique », chaque groupe contient 10 animaux de chaque sexe. Au moins trois niveaux de dose et un témoin sont utilisés pour chacune des phases « cancérogénèse » et « Toxicité chronique ». Les trois voies d'administration principales sont les voies orales, cutanées, et l’inhalation. La Ligne directrice traite plus particulièrement de la voie orale. La durée de l'étude est normalement de 12 mois pour la phase « toxicité chronique » et de 24 mois pour la phase « cancérogénèse ». Le rapport d’étude inclut des mesures (pesée) et observations détaillées régulières (examen hématologique, analyse d'urine, chimie clinique), tout comme des procédures d'autopsie et l'histopathologie. Toutes ces observations permettent la détection des effets néoplasiques et la détermination du potentiel cancérigène, ainsi que la détermination de la toxicité générale.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264076235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 230; 21-day Fish Assay; A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay: A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo de certaines substances actives sur le système endocrinien sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). Cet essai couvre le dépistage de l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique, et l’inhibition de l’aromatase. L’essai a été validé sur le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), le médaka japonnais (Oryzias latipes) et le poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio); cependant le poisson-zèbre ne permet pas de détecter l’activité androgénique. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, en fonction de l’espèce testée, un ou deux biomarqueur(s) sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique ou sur l’inhibition de l’aromatase. Ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. La vitellogénine est dosée chez le tête-de-boule, le medaka japonais et le poisson-zèbre tandis que les caractères sexuels secondaires sont mesurés chez le tête-de-boule et le medaka japonais uniquement.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.94
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.35
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.703
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: The possibility that a country’s external current account may adjust nonlinearly to shocks is attracting increasing attention in the empirical literature. To shed further light on this issue in the context of emerging-market economies, this paper uses Brazilian data to estimate the determinants of the current account in a smooth-transition vector-autoregressive (ST-VAR) setting. We allow for the transition parameters and the model coefficients to be estimated simultaneously by non-linear constrained maximum likelihood. We find strong evidence of non-linearity in the VAR when (lagged) government consumption and investment are used as the variables governing transition across regimes. The computation of non-linear impulse response functions suggests that the system’s history, as well as the sign and magnitude of shocks, affect the current account’s responses to exogenous changes in income, government consumption and investment. In particular, responses to fiscal shocks depend on whether they are positive or negative and whether they follow periods of fiscal expansions or contractions. Current account responses to a positive fiscal impulse are much stronger when conditioned on periods of fiscal expansion (rising government consumption) than retrenchment. The importance of conditioning history and the magnitude of shocks in the current account’s response to shocks is confirmed by forecast error variance decomposition analysis.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.23
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper discusses the most relevant issues concerning teacher evaluation in primary and secondary education by reviewing the recent literature and analysing current practices within the OECD countries. First, it provides a conceptual framework highlighting key features of teacher evaluation schemes. In particular, it emphasises the importance of clarifying the purposes of teacher appraisal, whether summative when designed to assure that the practices enhancing student learning are undertaken or formative when conducted for further professional development objectives. It also encompasses the diverse criteria and instruments commonly used to assess teachers as well as the actors generally involved in the process and potential consequences for teachers’ professional life. Second, it deals with a number of contentious points, including the question of the use of student outcomes to measure teaching performance, the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches given the purpose emphasised and resource restrictions, the implementation difficulties resulting from different stakeholders’ interests and possible ways to overcome these obstacles. Finally, it provides an account of current empirical evidence, pointing out mixed results stemming from difficulties in assessing the effects of such evaluation schemes on teaching quality, teachers’ motivation and student learning. It concludes by considering the circumstances under which teacher evaluation systems seem to be more effective, fair and reliable. Developing a comprehensive approach to evaluate teachers is critical to make demands for educational best practice compatible with teachers’ appropriation of the process as well as to enhance the decisive attractiveness and recognition of the teaching profession.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.44
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.84
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264072992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 112 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.78
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.662
    Keywords: Economics ; South Africa
    Abstract: Unemployment in South Africa is extremely high and unevenly distributed, being concentrated among young less-skilled blacks. The legacies of apartheid can explain part of the increase in labour supply and inability of the economy to absorb it which produced the extreme levels of unemployment, but more could have been done to unwind those legacies and other policies and institutions have contributed to the dysfunction of the labour market. Notably, improvements in product market regulation to strengthen competition could help expand formal sector employment. Changes in municipal laws and regulations to ease migration and facilitate informal employment are also likely to be particularly important. Improving the implementation of employment protection legislation could also help reduce unemployment. Efforts to tackle crime could help reduce the brain drain and attract skilled immigrants, which would likely boost demand for less-skilled workers via complementarities. Over the longer term, improvements in basic education will be key to reducing the excess supply of less-skilled workers.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The international discussion about global climate change now revolves around what the necessary set of policies and technologies will be needed to realize reduction goals. Stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations at 450 to 550 parts per million will require policy changes along with innovation and large-scale adoption of GHG-reducing technologies throughout the global energy system. Innovations will need to be supported by international cooperation and behavioral changes to further realize the benefits of technological advances. Much discussion has therefore focused on policies that target technology directly, including research and development (R&D) activities and technology-specific incentives, as well as policies and agreements that increase diffusion and adoption. This paper reviews the recent literature on trends and prospects for innovation in climate change mitigation, to identify the most important international and domestic actions necessary to technologically alter energy systems in a direction that can achieve GHG stabilization targets while also meeting other societal goals. It provides an overview of key technical issues associated with the development, diffusion, and adoption of technologies that mitigate climate change. It examines the role of environment and innovation policy measures to encourage innovation, and it outlines the conditions that trigger these advances. The review highlights that establishing a GHG emission price is essential from a technology perspective. Such a price should be coupled with public R&D support. The review discusses policy features that impact on environmentally oriented R&D, the diffusion of environmental innovations, their deployment in developing countries. In particular, the paper outlines the positive role of international technology-oriented agreements as part of the architecture of an international climate change policy.
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