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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (580)
  • 2010-2014  (580)
  • 2013  (580)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (580)
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Language
Years
  • 2010-2014  (580)
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for The Gambia
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Bhutan is situated between the Tibetan Plateau in the North and Indian plains in the south. The development philosophy in Bhutan is embedded in the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) that, as a public policy strategy, seeks to address a more meaningful purpose of development that goes beyond the fulfillment of material satisfaction. The concept is grounded in the four pillars of development; socio-economic, environment, culture, and good governance. Bhutan s record on growth and development has made it a top performer in the South Asian region. The average annual growth rate of GDP over 1980-2010 in country was more than 7.6 percent, one of the highest in the South Asian sub-continent (SAS). Bhutan, with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of about US
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Inclusive innovation seeks to expand access to essential goods and services, thereby improving quality of life, and enhancing economic empowerment through knowledge creation, acquisition, adaption, absorption, and deployment efforts targeted directly at the needs of excluded populations. Inclusive innovation is of high relevance for the Chinese authorities, but the concept is new to the Chinese government from both conceptual and policy perspective. So far China has emphasized frontier innovation, yet has recognized the importance of inclusive innovation in addressing increasing disparity between the rich and poor. In China many efforts are being made in the domain of inclusive innovation, but there is no clear strategy and implementation plan. This report aims to help build awareness and set the stage for the potential implementation and operationalization of inclusive innovation policy in China and possibly in other countries. This report is presented in four Chapters and an Executive Summary. Chapter I presents the concept of inclusive innovation and why it is relevant for China. Chapter II discusses the current landscape for inclusive innovation in China. Chapter III presents international experience and examples. Chapter IV outlines some policy options for consideration by the Chinese authorities
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This note assesses recent macroeconomic developments in Belarus and presents a medium-term economic outlook for 2013-2016 in three scenarios. These scenarios are sensitive to underlying assumptions and are provided to illustrate the main macroeconomic policy choices, available to Belarus. The first scenario (baseline scenario) assumes that the authorities continue macroeconomic policies of the past year, with alternating phases of policy loosening and tightening, motivated by attempts to balance growth and stability. The second scenario (expansionary scenario) assumes that the authorities pursue more aggressive expansionary policies (compared to the baseline scenario) to boost growth in the short term. Prioritizing growth at the expense of stability will reignite macroeconomic imbalances.The third scenario (sustainable growth scenario) assumes that the authorities put in place policies that ensure macroeconomic stability and provide a basis for sustainable growth. This includes a policy framework that (i) maintains the flexible exchange rate regime; (ii) sustains tight monetary policy, namely containing credit growth, including under government directed lending programs to contain inflation and real exchange rate appreciation; (iii) balances wage growth so that it does not exceed productivity growth; (iv) maintains tight fiscal policy and a balanced budget over the medium term. These three scenarios highlight the main macroeconomic trade-offs that Belarus is facing in the current environment. This note is organized as follows: Section one highlights recent macroeconomic trends; Section two provides the three macroeconomic scenarios; and Section three provides the Bank's recommendations for macroeconomic and structural policies. Annex one outlines the structural modernization agenda that could support sustainable medium term growth. Annex two provides detailed assumptions, underlying the three scenarios. Annex three presents the results of simple sensitivity analysis of the potential impact of price declines in potash fertilizer
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Agriculture is the economic foundation of many Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, employing about 60 percent of the workforce and contributing an average of 30 percent of gross domestic product. Yet agricultural growth rates for SSA declined in the 2000 and food insecurity remains a concern, with malnourishment only dropping from 34 to 30 percent in two decades. Various projections suggest that food production must increase by 70-100 percent by 2050 to meet the demands of a world with 9 billion people and changing diets. In SSA this will require considerable investments in agricultural development-research, institutional support and infrastructural development. Ensuring food security under a changing climate is one of the major challenges of our era. African agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture seeks to increase productivity in an environmentally and socially sustainable way, strengthen farmers' resilience to climate change, and reduce agriculture's contribution to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon storage on farmland. Climate-smart agriculture includes proven practical techniques-such as mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation, integrated crop-livestock management, agroforestry, improved grazing, and improved water management-but also innovative practices such as better weather forecasting, early warning systems and risk insurance. Climate-smart agriculture fully incorporates attention to climate risk management. Climate-smart agriculture offers some unique opportunities to tackle food security, adaptation and mitigation objectives. African countries will particularly benefit from climate-smart agriculture given the central role of agriculture as a means to poverty alleviation and the major negative impacts that climate change is likely to have on the African continent
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report highlights the great potential of the agribusiness sector in Africa by drawing on experience in Africa as well as other regions. The evidence demonstrates that good policies, a conducive business environment, and strategic support from governments can help agribusiness reach its potential. Africa is now at a crossroads, from which it can take concrete steps to realize its potential or continue to lose competitiveness, missing a major opportunity for increased growth, employment, and food security. The report pursues several lines of analysis. First, it synthesizes the large body of work on agriculture and agribusiness in Africa. Second, it builds on a diagnosis of specific value chains. As part of this effort, the value chain for Africa's largest and fastest-growing food import, rice, is benchmarked in Senegal and Ghana against Thailand's rice value chain. Third, 170 agribusiness investments by the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) in Africa and Southeast Asia are analyzed to gain perspective on the elements of success and failure. Fourth, the report synthesizes perspectives from the private sector through interviews with 23 leading agribusiness investors and a number of other key informants. In conclusion, the report offers practical policy advice based on the experience of countries from within and outside Africa. The huge diversity of Africa's agro-ecological, market, and business environments, however, necessarily means that each country (and indeed regions within countries) will need to adapt the broad guidance provided here to the local context. Annex 1, concerning the rice value chain, was authored by John Orchard, Tim Chancellor, Roy Denton, Amadou Abdoulaye Fall, and Peter Jaeger. Annex 2, containing interviews with 23 leading agribusiness players in Africa, was authored by Peter White
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update is a comprehensive, twice-yearly review of the region's economies prepared by the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank. In this edition, the report notes that in China, growth slowed to 7.8 percent in 2012 due to rebalancing efforts. Risks emanating from the Eurozone and the U.S. have declined since the middle of last year. While still fragile, there are signs of a turnaround in real activity in high income economies, thus external demand for the East Asia and Pacific region’s exports will stabilize this year. Movements in high-income country currencies, such as the yen, are likely to affect trade and investment flows in the region in the short term, but a return to sustained growth in Japan would benefit the region as a whole. An emerging issue is the risk of overheating in some of the larger economies. Policymakers need to continue to be vigilant to react to shocks in the world economy, but be prepared to withdraw stimulus as the world economy recovers. For countries that show some signs of inflationary pressures, it would be a good time to rebuild policy buffers
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update is a comprehensive, twice-yearly review of the region's economies prepared by the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank. In this edition, the report notes that real GDP growth in East Asia has been moderating after a sharp rebound from the global crisis. Inflation has become the key short-run challenge for the authorities in the region, complicated by a surge in portfolio capital inflows and rapidly increasing food and commodity prices that hit low-income households disproportionately. Over the medium-term, East Asia has the potential to sustain rapid increases in living standards even as the global economy enters a more challenging phase
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p)
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The report highlights the important links between good governance on a level legal and regulatory playing field, and the ability of investment to stimulate growth. Investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been strong over the last two decades in comparison with Latin America and Eastern Europe. However, in the oil exporting countries, it has been primarily supported by large and expanding public investments. Oil importers, in contrast, have shown more strength in private investment, which has increased in recent years. A concern with reliance on public investment is that in economies with weak governance there is no evidence that public investment stimulates growth. In contrast, in countries with an adequate level of protection of property rights and legal institutions, public investment is strongly linked to growth. The report also makes a strong case for private investment in services and manufacturing as engines of job creation and income growth in the region
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: A Report for the World Ba ...
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p)
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: South Asia is regaining its economic momentum, but the recovery in the world’s region with the largest number of poor people could falter in the absence of a stronger investment climate. The combined growth of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka was just 4.7% in 2012, substantially below pre-crisis levels. Much of the recent slowdown in economic growth can be attributed to stagnating investment. Total fixed investment grew by 2.6% in 2012, down from a high of 16.7% in 2010. The performance varies widely across the region. At the same time, the region is now more vulnerable because current account balances have widened, foreign direct investment has slowed, and persistently high inflation has limited the ability for central banks to use monetary policy to counter any economic downturn. Because of rising imports, countries in South Asia are also more vulnerable to increases in commodity prices. Therefore, the outlook remains cautiously optimistic with a relatively large downside risk. A pick-up of growth to 5.5% can be expected in 2013 dependent on ongoing efforts to rebuild policy buffers and boost private investment
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p)
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Four years after the onse ...
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Este informe reune los resultados de una serie de presentaciones realizadas por los expertos lideres en cuestiones relacionadas a la sostenibilidad institucional de las microfinanzas y las presenta en ocho capitulos. Esta dirigido a miembros de juntas directivas, gerentes y miembros del personal de IMFs, asi como tambien para los entes reguladores gubernamentales, supervisores y miembros del personal de agencias donantes. Los primeros cuatro capitulos incluyen temas sobre gestion de riesgo: sistemas de gestion de riesgos, buena gobernabilidad, tasas de interes y microseguros. Los ultimos cuatro capitulos incluyen cuatro temas sobre desarrollo de un nuevo producto y metodologias de entrega eficientes: microfinanzas para vivienda, micro-arrendamiento, sistemas y productos de preparacion contra desastres y nuevas tecnologias. Los objetivos de la serie fueron los siguientes: fortalecer las IMFs a traves de la diseminacion de enfoques innovadores en la gestion de riesgo, control de costos, gobernabilidad y nuevas tecnologias. Fomentar un intercambio Sur-Sur de experiencias y lecciones aprendidas. Promover mayores vinculos entre las IMFs en la region y entre las IMFs y los reguladores y supervisores gubernamentales. Y poner en relieve la habilidad del Banco para movilizar la pericia tecnica internacional en microfinanzas
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to describe the process and summarize the results from the pilot implementation of statistical models for measuring the value-added of Bulgarian schools through analysis of the national student' assessments results. This report presents the technical aspects of the pilot and the key outcomes in terms of value-added measure for each of the schools included in the analysis. The report documents all data processing, adjustments, and procedures run as part of the school value added modeling and in this respect, it is also intended expert statisticians and researchers. The national student assessment results in Bulgaria are reported on a non-transformed raw point scale accompanied by a table that allows a transformation of the raw points to the six-grade rating scale, adopted for measuring students' performance. Based on this, each school receives an average score and some means of comparison with other schools in the country. Analyzing the test results through value-added analysis is a new approach for the country and the findings from this pilot are intended to inform policy makers in Bulgaria about the advantages and limitations of value-added measures (VAMs) in the context of the Bulgarian education system, its student assessment framework, and the data collected and used by the education management information system
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: President of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim, discusses Russia's economy and it's global role. The collaboration between Russian experts and international partners brought the tuberculosis epidemic in Tomsk under control. Local successes like in Tomsk can be scaled up to become part of a global solution. Continuous learning is at the heart of these solutions. Russia is known worldwide for its educational system, for pushing the boundaries of science, and for applying what we call the "science of delivery" to many issues. What is next for Russia's Economic Future? What is the strategy for replacing oil and gas that currently account for two-thirds of the country's exports? Russia needs to diversify to an innovation-based economy. There are signs of success in Russia's regions. The Bank's 20-year collaboration with Russia's regions shows that our partnership has evolved over time into a strong engagement. The Bank needs Russia as a global development partner
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group discusses the role of private sector as being essential for ending poverty by 2030, and for building shared prosperity so that the bottom 40 percent of the population shares in economic growth. He stresses the need to create a favorable environment in which it's easier to start a formal business with improved regulation and technology. He mentions that many leaders in the developing world are actively looking for ways to work more closely with private sector. He speaks about the need of Canadians and other international firms to invest in the developing world. He expresses the keen interest of World Bank to partner in developing countries and asks the government of Canada to help bend the arc of history and banish extreme poverty from this earth
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, called this an extremely important day. Man-made climate change is real and is having a significant impact-- an increasing impact. We are convinced that there is no way that we will be able to end poverty by 2030, without tackling climate change in the most serious manner. He praised the Green Climate Fund as a source of enormous optimism and hope in the fight against climate change, and said the Fund was an "historic opportunity" to protect future generations
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: In 2011, the World Bank Group commenced a multi- year program designed to support countries in systematically examining and strengthening the performance of their education systems. Part of the Bank's new Education Sector Strategy, this evidence based initiative, called SABER (Systems Approach for Better Education Results), is building a toolkit of diagnostics for examining education systems and their component policy domains against global standards, best practices, and in comparison with the policies and practices of countries around the world. By leveraging this global knowledge, the SABER tools fill a gap in the availability of data and evidence on what matters most to improve the quality of education and achievement of better results. SABER School Autonomy and Accountability is the first of three SABER domains to be implemented as part of phase two of the Pacific Benchmarking for Education Results (PaBER) initiative. Funded by AusAID, the PaBER initiative aims to link policy with implementation to identify areas to strengthen policy, improve knowledge dissemination, and improve the quality of education and student performance across the pacific. Specifically, the PaBER project focuses at the primary level of an education system. The project concept and determination of three pilot countries Samoa, the Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea was agreed upon at the Pacific Forum Education Ministers Meeting and is being coordinated through the Secretariat of the Pacific Board for Educational Assessment (SPBEA). The SABER School Autonomy and Accountability tool assists in analyzing how well developed the set of policies are in a given country to foster managerial autonomy, assess results, and use information from assessments to promote accountability. The five main policy goals that can help benchmark an education system's policies that enable school autonomy and accountability were as follows: 1) school autonomy in the planning and management of the school budget; 2) school autonomy in personnel management; 3) role of the School Council in school governance; 4) school and student assessments; and 5) accountability
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: Yemen has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important component of efforts to improve education quality and learning outcomes because it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decision making needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Yemen decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems.The goal of SABER-Student Assessment is to promote stronger assessment systems that contribute to improved education quality and learning for all
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: Oman has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important component of efforts to improve education quality and learning outcomes because it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decisionmaking needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Oman decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. The key policy areas for the student assessment status are as follows: (i) Classroom Assessment; (ii) Examinations; (iii) National Large-Scale Assessment (NLSA); and (iv) International Large-Scale Assessment (ILSA)
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) is used for conducting rapid assessments of energy use in cities. It helps prioritize sectors with significant energy savings potential, and identifies appropriate energy efficiency interventions across six sectors-transport, municipal buildings, water and waste water, public lighting, solid waste, and power and heat. It is a simple, low-cost, user-friendly, and practical tool that can be applied in any socioeconomic setting. While this work focuses on the growth poles in Romania, the analysis was limited to the boundary of the center city of Brasov, due to the difficulty of collecting individual indicators for all the constituent localities of a metropolitan area. The report details the analysis carried out and the recommendations derived as a result, for district heating maintenance and upgrade, non-motorized transport, public transport development, parking restraint measures, municipal buildings audit and retrofit, street lighting timing program, and active leakage of water and pressure management
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) is used for conducting rapid assessments of energy use in cities. It helps prioritize sectors with significant energy savings potential, and identifies appropriate energy efficiency interventions across six sectors-transport, municipal buildings, water and waste water, public lighting, solid waste, and power and heat. It is a simple, low-cost, user-friendly, and practical tool that can be applied in any socioeconomic setting. This report is based on the implementation of the TRACE tool in Iasi in July 2013 and it outlines ideas on what the city could further do to improve its energy efficiency performance. It details the analysis carried out and the recommendations derived as a result, for energy efficiency action plan and strategy, district heating maintenance and upgrade, non-motorized transport, public transport development, traffic flow optimization, parking restraint measures, municipal building benchmarking program, traffic restraint measures, municipal buildings audit and retrofit, and street lighting timing program
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The countries of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region are confronting a number of demographic challenges over the coming decades. These include shrinking populations and labor forces because of below replacement-level fertility and older age structures, high mortality in a large portion of the region, aging populations and high dependency ratios, shrinking youth populations and less new entrants to the labor force, and relatively immobile populations. The report is structured as follows. After this introduction, the second section reviews population trends in the ECA region over the past two decades. Following that is a review of the literature on the issue of aging globally and specifically in the ECA region. This includes the implications of population aging on economic growth and, employment, and public expenditures. The next section looks at projections of demographic trends in the ECA region for the period 2010 to 2040, including aging trends. Following this is an examination of the role that migration and mobility play in the aging process among the ECA countries in the future. The final section concludes by discussing policy options and areas for further research and analysis
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The report's main objective is to provide policy makers, regulators, and the private sector, primarily in emerging economies and developing countries, with a tool for enforcing international best practice and for developing strategies for successful reforms in the area of construction regulation. This paper is divided into the following eight chapters: 1) the importance of construction regulation reform. The first chapter defines three overarching goals of construction-regulation reform and addresses why and how these efforts can pay off; 2) reforms as good regulation not deregulation. This chapter points out that deregulating is not the answer; 3) the distribution and focus of construction regulation reform. Leveraging eight years of data from the doing business reports, this chapter provides an overview of reforms initiated within the doing business scenario and the key regional trends; 4) eight key policies affecting process efficiency, transparency, regulatory outcomes, and costs. This chapter provides a concise description of eight priority policy areas; 5) initiating reform and addressing typical challenges. Based on international experience, this chapter focuses on how to start reforms and covers issues including who should be involved in construction-regulation reform and how reform should be sequenced; 6) an overview of best practices. This chapter summarizes the best practices around four major issues, namely, building codes, procedures and transparency, payment of fees, and measures concerning stakeholder liability and accountability; 7) performance measures and evaluation of building regulatory systems. This chapter defines guiding principles for leading the reform effort and includes a meaningful set of indicators and a framework for monitoring outcomes; and 8) ten case studies. This chapters 10 in-depth case studies round out the discussion
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Debt Management Performance Assessment
    Abstract: After a prolonged economic downturn in the early 1990s Georgia has succeeded in improving economic performance. The Government of Georgia undertook large-scale reforms that encouraged increased output growth. Over the period 2003-2012 the Georgian economy grew at an average annual rate of 6.6 percent. Privatization, new simplified tax codes introduced in 2005 and 2010 which reduced the complexity and number of taxes, the cancellation of import duties on approximately 90 percent of goods, and an 88 percent reduction in the number of licenses for doing business resulted in increasing foreign investment inflows into the country. Large external public borrowing to finance energy imports during the first years of independence resulted in a quick accumulation of external debt stock, which exceeded 80 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the end of 1994. As a result of strong performance in 1996-1998 when the country's economy grew at 10 percent annually on average, the external debt declined sharply to below 58 percent of GDP. However, depreciation of the Lari against the US dollar during the Russian crisis diminished these achievements. The declining of the debt-to-GDP ratio resumed in 2000. From June 17-26, 2013, a World Bank tea
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2011, only 17.3 percemt of adults in Tanzania had an account at a formal financial institution and 56 percemt did not have any access to financial services. Most of the population lives in rural areas with very low incomes and poor infrastructure, and women are especially disadvantaged. Such limited access to formal financial services also inhibits financial literacy - awareness of benefits and risks, and how to take advantage of opportunities. Despite significant challenges, all institutional elements of the formal financial sector in Tanzania are in place, helping its gradual expansion, and in some segments technology is driving rapid growth - particularly in mobile and electronic payments. Still, gaps and weaknesses in financial consumer protection and financial education remain some of the main obstacles to sustainability and greater trust in the financial sector. This Diagnostic Review was requested by the Ministry of Finance of Tanzania in November 2012. It provides a detailed assessment of Tanzania's institutional, legal and regulatory framework against the World Bank's Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection. Three segments of the financial sector have been analyzed: banking, microfinance, and pensions. Insurance and securities segments will be considered at a later stage. Volume I of the Review summarizes the key findings and recommendations and Volume II presents a detailed assessment of each financial segment compared to the Good Practices
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) was designed to address these challenges by the World Bank, based on a comprehensive review of available conceptual and empirical materials regarding experience in land governance. The objective of LGAF is was developed as a diagnostic tool for a systematic evaluating and benchmarking legal framework, policies and practices regarding land and land use. This document represents the country report for Vietnam's national LGAF Study. This important exercise was undertaken by team of national experts, with support from the World Bank, and in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) in 2013. The Study's objective was to provide the means for better understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the Vietnamese land sector; establish a consensus on the status of land governance in the country and identify priority actions for regulatory and institutional changes and the piloting of new approaches to improve land governance on a broader scale.The Study's Report describes the process for LGAF implementation and the country context. The assessment of land governance is also presented, as well as the policy analysis, conclusions and recommendations. The report is intended to serve as a reference guide for policy makers and land practitioners in the government and non-government organizations such as private sector, academe and other groups to help shape the direction, focus and support for the land sector, and how progress in improving governance can be effectively monitored
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Land is a vital resource for any nation. It serves as the platform for carrying out social, cultural, and economic activities. The land governance assessment framework was developed by World Bank and its partners to provide a tool for diagnosis of land governance issues, establish benchmarks, and monitor progress over time. It comprises a set of detailed indicators to be rated on a scale of pre - coded statements. The process helps to establish a consensus and priority actions on: (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change; and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This document represents the country report for the Philippines. It describes the process for implementation and the country context. The assessment of land governance is also presented, as well as the policy analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. The report is intended to serve as a reference guide for government and other land practitioners in non-government organizations, private sector, academe, and other groups to help shape the direction, focus, and support for the land sector, and how progress in improving governance can be effectively monitored
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Mobile financial services offer significant opportunities for improving the efficiency of financial services by expanding access and lowering transaction costs. The rapid public acceptance of these services in many countries, including the Philippines, Brazil, India, Uganda, and Kenya has demonstrated that the technology is mature and brings real benefits to people who previously cannot access financial products or services. International Finance Corporation (IFC) has recognized the potential of using mobile money as a mechanism to deliver financial inclusion and, in November 2012 mobile money was formally adopted as a significant part of its access to finance work. With growing number of operations and a growing number of customers involved in the service, formalized risk management which balances the assurance of an enabling environment that is conducive to innovation and economic development against consumer protection concerns becomes more and more important. This importance is amplified in annexures A and B to this document, which highlight emerging fraud trends in Uganda
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Syria has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important component to improving education quality and learning outcomes as it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decision-making needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Syria decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under the World Bank's systems approach for better education results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. Assessment systems tend to be comprised of three main types of assessment activities, each of which serves a different purpose and addresses different information needs. These three main types are: classroom assessment, examinations, and large-scale, system level assessments
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this case study is to document an example of the successful design and implementation of housing micronance (HMF) products by analyzing the approach taken by the First Micronance Bank of Afghanistan (FMFB-A) from 2009 to 2013. This report aims to encourage other lenders to follow suit and offer housing-related loans to low-income earners. It is part of IFC's MENA Micronance Knowledge Management project, which aims to raise awareness among micronanceinstitutions (MFIs) about the importance of risk management, product development, and transformation. FMFB-A was established in 2003 with the mission to reduce poverty and promote nancial inclusion by providing its clients with access to nancial services. Shareholders of FMFB-A are the Aga Khan Agency for Micronance (AKAM), Aga Khan Foundation USA, the German Development Bank (KfW), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). FMFB-A has a nation-widepresence in Afghanistan and serves over 53,000 clients with an outstanding portfolio of 64.5 million dollars. Housing nance accounts for about 17 percent of its total portfolio. FMFB-Ais currently the only MFI in Afghanistan that offers a housing micronance product. FMFB-A implemented a rigorous, albeit exible, approach to the roll-out of its HMF products in Afghanistan. The idea to develop an HMF product at FMFB-A started in 2007 as a response to client demand. Its aim has been to increase access to housing micronance for Afghanistan's low-income households in urban and rural areas. It also sought to improve the quality of housing for this segment by offering construction technical assistance (CTA) services
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This economic report records the economic activities of Georgia for the year 2013. The growth slow-down in 2013, largely viewed as temporary, reflected to a large extent policy uncertainty that began with the late-2012 parliamentary elections and is expected to last until the October 2013 Presidential elections, and attempts by the new government to trim public investment spending. In the absence of a clear communications strategy and a well-structured development strategy that elaborated the government's policy direction, a weakening of consumer and investor confidence since November 2012 along with a cut in public investment spending, contributed to slower growth. Both tax and non-tax revenues fell behind budget estimates in the first half of the year reflecting the economic slowdown. The revenue shortfall was driven by a drop in VAT on imports. Demand for imported investment goods has been particularly weak. The external position of the country improved, as imports declined significantly, mainly because of lower demand generated by public investment spending. Commodity imports fell by 19 percent while exports rose 8 percent during the first six months of 2013. Credit growth softened as demand for loans declined even in the face of cuts in the Central Bank rate. The twelve month increase in credit slowed to 12 percent by July 2013 from 24 percent in July 2012. Slower lending and higher deposits have led to excess liquidity in the system
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This regular economic report records the economic activities of Uzbekistan for the year 2013-2014. Uzbekistan's outlook remains largely dependent on commodity prices. The chief external factors affecting economic performance of Uzbekistan are favorable global commodity price trends for gold, gas, cotton, and copper. Although remittance inflows may suffer as the outlook weakens for Russia, government increases in wages and social payments will help to sustain private consumption. Thus, growth in Uzbekistan is not expected to slow down considerably, as surplus current account, high fiscal savings, external reserves, ongoing investment program and wage increase and remittance inflow in 2013-14 would mitigate the impacts of a continued global slowdown. However, the poor business environment will continue to deter most Western investors, and the authorities likely to continue impeding private-sector activity by retaining currency controls and high tariffs and excise taxes on imports. Inflation is expected to remain at around 7 percent in 2013-15. Global food prices are forecast to gradually decline, and more modest growth in net foreign assets and monetary indicators would offset higher government spending and limit inflationary pressure. Although the short-term growth outlook remains favorable, downside risks are high due to a still weak global situation. The first risk is external and stems from a possible slowdown in economic activity in Russia (and a consequent reduction in remittance flows to Uzbekistan) and likely lower prices for some of Uzbekistan's traditional commodity exports. The second risk is internal and comes from inappropriate integration of generally sound macroeconomic policies with weak structural policies in the country that negatively affect business incentives and hamper improvements in productivity and appropriate job creation making long term growth unsustainable
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This regular economic report records the economic activities of Kyrgyz Republic for the year 2013. The growth performance of the Kyrgyz Republic has been encouraging and largely in line with our forecasts from the Spring 2013 update. Real Gross domestic product (GDP) expanded by 8 percent in the first eight months of 2013 (year-on-year) driven by a recovery in gold production at the Kumtor mine. The non-gold economy also performed well, as strong private transfers from abroad and higher credit to the private sector fueled private consumption and investment. At the same time, the contribution of the public sector was more limited with government spending kept under control. Following a slow start, officially recorded exports have started to recover. Macroeconomic policies have been supportive of stability and stronger economic activity. The baseline scenario for 2014 remains optimistic, though headwinds have been gaining strength. The challenge to sustain high economic growth rates in the medium term is considerable. Monetary policy needs to be cautious to prevent the build-up of risks in the financial sector and limit inflationary pressures. Second, creation of a vibrant and competitive private sector will require significant upgrading of the country's institutional, physical and human capital. A business environment characterized by efficient institutions, reliable infrastructure and highly-skilled labor will help realize the country's growth potential and reduce poverty
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The main purpose of the South Africa Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) is to determine reforms that will continue to improve the quality of financial reporting in South Africa. The review, requested by the Minister of Finance, was conducted to assess the status of implementation of policy recommendations in the prior 2003 ROSC A&A report, assess the institutional framework underpinning accounting and auditing practices in comparison with international standards and good practices in order to identify any emerging issues that require strengthening, share good practices adopted in the country, and propose policy recommendations addressing areas that require improvements. Implementation of the policy recommendations will further enhance the quality of financial reporting in the country, a key pillar that contributes to enhancing the business environment and advancement of governance and financial accountability in both the private and public sector entities. The review focuses on private sector. Financial reporting in public sector is assessed under public expenditure and financial accountability framework
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  • 36
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Series Statement: LAC Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Este informe semestral - un producto de la oficina del Economista Jefe para America Latina y el Caribe (LAC) del Banco Mundial-examina los desafios de corto y mediano plazo a los que se enfrenta LAC, a medida que los factores externos que fueron decisivos en el buen desempeno de la region en la ultima decada pierden fuerza. Como es costumbre en esta serie, el Capitulo 1 presenta un repaso de los eventos mas recientes en la economia global y su impacto en LAC. El capitulo 2 estudia de manera minuciosa los patrones de demanda domestica y de oferta observados en LAC en la ultima decada. En particular documentamos el aumento de la demanda domestica en la region, especialmente el componente de inversion, en la decada del 2000. Mas aun, mostramos que este aumento de la demanda domestica ocurrio en paralelo con una gran expansion del sector servicios. En vista de estos patrones, examinamos los desafios que la region enfrenta en materia de crecimiento a medida que los vientos externos que ayudaron a la region en la ultima decada pierden fuerza
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  • 37
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p)
    Series Statement: LAC Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Este informe semestral, producido por la Oficina del Economista Jefe para America Latina y el Caribe del Banco Mundial, examina los retos a los que America Latina y el Caribe (LAC por sus siglas en ingles, Latin America and the Caribbean) se enfrentan en el corto y medio plazo conforme pierden fuerza los factores externos que resultaron decisivos para el desempeno reciente. En concreto, el informe analiza el papel del tipo de cambio como herramienta contra-ciclica para amortiguar los choques externos negativos. Como es costumbre en esta serie, el Capitulo 1 repasa el estado de la economia mundial y sus implicaciones para las perspectivas de corto y medio plazo de LAC. Ademas, examina las vulnerabilidades de la region en un periodo en que los vientos favorables estan amainando. El Capitulo 2 describe el nuevo papel del tipo de cambio en LAC como amortiguador de choques en el marco de las transformaciones importantes que la region ha realizado en el frente macrofinanciero durante la ultima decada. Finalmente, el Capitulo 3 analiza pormenorizadamente las politicas de intervencion para suavizar el tipo de cambio
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: El Grupo del Banco Mundial ha establecido objetivos ambiciosos pero alcanzables en torno a los cuales centrara la labor que desarrolla para superar estos desafios historicos. Especificamente, la institucion procurara poner fin a la pobreza extrema en todo el mundo para 2030 y promover la prosperidad compartida en los paises en desarrollo, lo que supondra fomentar el aumento de los ingresos del 40% mas pobre de la poblacion. Se procurara lograr estos objetivos de un modo sostenible en lo ambiental, social y economico, de modo de garantizar que los avances en el desarrollo no afecten el bienestar de las generaciones actuales y futuras. El presente informe anual se centra en las operaciones del Banco Internacional de Reconstruccion y Fomento (BIRF) y la Asociacion Internacional de Fomento (AIF), denominados colectivamente Banco Mundial. Lo invitamos a leer este informe para conocer mas sobre la labor del Banco Mundial, las actividades que desarrolla y los resultados que obtiene en las seis regiones donde trabaja, asi como sus logros en la superacion de la pobreza y la creacion de oportunidades para los habitantes de los paises en desarrollo. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update is a comprehensive, twice-yearly review of the region's economies prepared by the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank. In this edition, the report notes that growth in developing East Asia and Pacific has remained strong, though it has been slowing from its post-crisis peaks. Domestic demand and investment were generally strong and aided by loosening of monetary policy in some countries. Overall the number of people living in poverty has been cut in half in the last decade in East Asia and Pacific. Domestic demand has proved resilient to shocks; most countries run current account surpluses and hold high levels of international reserves; and banking systems are generally well-capitalized. As external demand is likely to remain weak, countries in developing East Asia and Pacific need to rely less on exports and more on domestic demand to maintain high growth
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Developing economies in East Asia and Pacific are projected to grow at 7.1 % in 2013, down from 7.5 percent last year. While the pace of growth is slowing, the region will still contribute 40% of global growth and one-third of global trade this year †“ higher than any other region in the world. In China, growth is moderating as the country rebalances to pursue a more sustainable growth path. In 2013, it is expected to meet the official indicative growth target of 7.5%. The Federal Reserve’s decision to delay tapering of quantitative easing stabilized markets for now, giving countries some reprieve and a second chance to take measures to lower risks from future volatility. In the long term, as higher global interest rates are likely to affect investment, accelerating growth and poverty reduction depends critically on structural reforms. Countries need to improve their investment climate and invest more in infrastructure, while making public investment more efficient. They also need to address fiscal risks and create space to support long-term growth. The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update is a comprehensive, twice-yearly review of the region's economies prepared by the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821399026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The World Bank's Results 2013 provides the Bank's shareholders, partners, and external stakeholders with an integrated view of results and performance in recent years. It covers the World Bank and reports on aggregate results that countries have achieved with Bank support against the backdrop of global development results. The report also asseses the Bank's operational and organizational performance at the corporate level and serves as a companion to the World Bank Corporate Scorecard 2013
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  • 42
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: El robo de activos publicos de los paises emergentes es un grave problema para su desarrollo. Los costes sociales de la corrupcion superan con mucho al valor de los activos robados por los lideres publicos. La corrupcion debilita la confianza en las instituciones publicas, dana el clima de inversion privada y arruina los mecanismos de puesta en marcha de programas de alivio de la pobreza tales como los de salud publica y educacion. Recuperar el producto de la corrupcion es complejo. El proceso puede ser abrumador incluso para el mas experimentado de los profesionales y es excepcionalmente dificil para los que trabajan en el contexto de estados fallidos, corrupcion generalizada o con recursos limitados. Este manual practico tiene como objetivo lidiar con los retos estrategicos, de organizacion, de investigacion y legales para la recuperacion de activos robados tanto mediante la confiscacion penal, la confiscacion sin condena, las acciones civiles u otras alternativas. Proporciona metodos comunes para la recuperacion de activos robados localizados en otras jurisdicciones, identifica los retos que los profesionales podrian encontrar y presenta buenas practicas
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  • 43
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Este informe ofrece una vision general de los avances recientes en la produccion y consumo de la bioenergia. Se examinan los temas principales y las posibles implicaciones economicas de estos avances, evaluando su impacto potencial en el uso de la tierra y el medioambiente, especialmente con respecto a los bosques. El informe examina tanto la biomasa solida como los biocombustibles liquidos, identificando oportunidades y retos en el nivel regional y nacional. La bioenergia supone una oportunidad para que aquellos paises con tierras apropiadas para los cultivos energeticos desarrollen una fuente propia de energia renovable. La mayoria de los paises que estan potenciando el desarrollo de la bioenergia persiguen, al menos, uno de los siguientes objetivos: aumentar la seguridad energetica, estimular el desarrollo rural, reducir el impacto del consumo de energia sobre el cambio climatico, o mejorar el medioambiente en sentido amplio. El desarrollo de la bioenergia ofrece tanto desafios como oportunidades para el desarrollo economico y el medioambiente. Si bien puede crear oportunidades para la generacion de renta y empleo y puede incrementar el acceso de la poblacion mas pobre a mejores tipos de energia existen por ejemplo serias dudas sobre su efecto en la lucha contra el cambio climatico o el medioambiente
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9780821398388
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p)
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Environment and Sustainable Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Les forets du bassin du C ...
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: Reliable evidence is needed to design policies that will allow overcoming Timor-Leste's remaining challenges in provision of quality education. In recent post-conflict years, aided by availability of oil revenues, Timor-Leste has been able to considerably improve availability of schools and access to education. This report presents findings of the 2012 Education Survey, collaboration between the Ministry of Education, the National Directorate of Statistics, AusAID and the World Bank. The survey collected detailed information at all primary, pre-secondary and secondary schools in the country. Its objectives were to support the improvement of Timor-Leste's education quality and service delivery through building a solid information source and analytical foundation which will allow for sound, evidence-based policy making. The survey results indicate that student absenteeism should be a major cause for concern. More than one third of grade one students were absent from school on the day of the survey, in some districts it was half or even more. Education levels of primary school teachers are low, with the majority only having secondary education. For 71 percent of primary school teachers the highest level of education is secondary school, for 6 percent it is even lower. Both demand and supply side interventions are needed to tackle the challenges faced. Some key policy areas should be: 1) improving school attendance through creating appropriate demand-side incentives; 2) enhancing teacher quality; 3) strengthening instruction language policy; 4) improving education system management; 5) improving school infrastructure and learning environment; and 6) ensuring adequate supply of textbooks
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Abstract: Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) have been introduced in Romania as a prerequisite for accessing EU funds under the Regional Operational Program (ROP). The IDPs designed for growth poles represent a specific category of strategic planning documents as: 1) they need to be considered within the frame of the national policy to whose implementation they contribute; and 2) they represent a first endeavor to think of development across functional areas rather than confined to the administrative borders of the main cities. The objectives of this report are: i) to carry out a strategic evaluation of the seven IDPs and assess how the current plans compare with the diagnostic of the challenges identified in the work on urban development; and ii) to provide clear recommendations for the improvement of existing IDPs which will contribute to the elaboration of the future generation of plans implemented during the next programming period and will help improve the targeting of investments to enhance their economic impact
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: Brunei Darussalam has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important component of improving education quality and learning outcomes as it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decisionmaking needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Brunei decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. This paper has the following areas covered under SABER: (i) classroom assessment; (ii) examinations; (iii) National Large-Scale Assessment (NLSA); and (iv) International Large-Scale Assessment (ILSA)
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: Bahrain has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important part of improving education quality and learning outcomes as it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decision-making needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Bahrain decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. SABER-Student Assessment is a component of the SABER program that focuses specifically on benchmarking student assessment policies and systems. The goal of SABER-Student Assessment is to promote stronger assessment systems that contribute to improved education quality and learning for all
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The main impetus for this report (and for the reports prepared for the other six growth poles) is a request received from the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration. The request came within the context of on-going preparations for the 2014-2020 programming period, with energy efficiency being one the major themes of the Europe 2020 strategy, and a critical priority for all EU member countries. Within Romania, local authorities that will want to access energy efficiency funds under the 2014-2020 Regional Operational Program will need to first prepare energy efficiency strategies. The TRACE tool is specifically targeted at local authorities, and is a good instrument for drafting such strategies after the 1989 Revolution; Romania began its transition from a centralized system to a market-run economy. Today the country is a member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. After more than a decade of economic restructuring and political change, the country has taken significant steps to catch up with the economic performance of more developed EU countries. Although radical reforms brought about significant changes, the standard of living of Romanians is still behind the EU average. Cluj-Napoca (Cluj) is one of cities where such disparities are less pronounced, as the region is more developed and prosperous than most regions in the country. Cluj has developed quite well in the past few years, and it has become one of the most flourishing cities in the country, having a good growing potential. At present, the city is an important economic center, home to several local brands that have become famous nationwide as well as in Europe. Moreover, Cluj is known today as the 'capital' of the IT sector in the country, due to an aggressive expansion of this field in recent years
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) is used for conducting rapid assessments of energy use in cities. It helps prioritize sectors with significant energy savings potential, and identifies appropriate energy efficiency interventions across six sectors-transport, municipal buildings, water and waste water, public lighting, solid waste, and power and heat. It is a simple, low-cost, user-friendly, and practical tool that can be applied in any socioeconomic setting. This report is based on the implementation of the TRACE tool in Constanta in July 2013 and it outlines ideas on what the city could further do to improve its energy efficiency performance. It details the analysis carried out and the recommendations derived as a result, for district heating maintenance and upgrade, non-motorized transport, public transport development, parking restraint measures, municipal building benchmarking program, municipal buildings audit and retrofit, street lighting timing program, energy efficiency action plan and strategy, and awareness raising campaigns
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness and returns on investments of HIV prevention programs implemented during 2006-2010 and to identify the optimal allocation of resources across combinations of programs for an effective HIV prevention response to inform the prioritization of funding and health resources in Vietnam. The spending-outcome relationships and an epidemiological model were used to compare observed conditions with counterfactual scenarios of reduced or no programs to calculate the cost-effectiveness and estimate healthcare costs saved and thus the return on investment. Model simulations of epidemic projections over many combinations of possible resource allocations were used to identify optimal allocations for reducing new infections over the next HIV budget period
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: The Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) initiative produces comparative data and knowledge on education policies and institutions with the aim of helping countries systematically strengthen their education systems. SABER evaluates the quality of education policies against evidence-based global standards using new diagnostic tools and detailed policy data. The SABER country reports give all stakeholders in educational results-from administrators, teachers and parents to policy-makers and business people-an accessible, objective snapshot showing how well the policies of their country's education system are geared toward ensuring that all children and youth learn. This report focuses specifically on policies in the area of teachers
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: The Madagascar Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) has the following objectives: (i) to facilitate the integration of environment-development priorities in a future Country Assistance Strategy (CAS); (ii) to provide analytical information that can underpin the development of future World Bank operations in the environment sector; and (iii) to serve as an initial analysis of environment sector governance issues for future budgetary assistance lending to the Government if such an operation is pursued in the future upon resolution of the current political crisis. The CEA also aims to contribute to debate and dialogue with the Government and development partners on environment-development linkages and priorities in Madagascar. The current CEA is the first ever prepared for Madagascar. It also draws on a range of sector-based analytical work including a sector wide analysis undertaken by the World Bank in 2003, an environment sector policy note prepared by the World Bank in 2010, and work carried out by technical and financial partners in the sector. It also draws on a range of analytical work carried out by the World Bank in related sectors including governance analyses of the mining and forestry sectors, a national public expenditure review, and a feasibility study of the development of a program for introducing ethanol cook-stoves in households. The CEA has been carried out in the context of the World Bank environment strategy 2012 and the World Bank Interim Strategy Note (ISN) for Madagascar
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Global financial conditions have improved substantially since July 2012, a reflection of the cumulative steps taken by high-income countries' central banks. Gross capital flows to developing countries, which weakened in mid-2012 due to Euro area turmoil, bounced back in the second half of the year. Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to developing countries are expected to have declined slightly in 2012 following increased uncertainty in global financial markets. Gross capital flows have remained strong so far in 2013, with January and February flows 47 percent higher than in the same period in 2012. The level of net capital flows going to developing countries is set to rise through 2015
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The global economy appears to be transitioning toward a period of more stable albeit moderate pace of growth. Global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which slowed in mid-2012, is recovering and a modest acceleration in quarterly GDP is expected during the course of 2013. In the developing world growth remains solid, but there are some signs of easing. More than four years after the financial crisis started, global industrial output is only 5.3 percent higher than its pre-crisis peak. While the global financial market conditions continue to improve, eventual phasing out of quantitative easing in advanced economies is beginning to worry investors. The improvement in financial conditions can be seen in lower yields on long-term debt, higher stock market returns and near-record flow of gross capital to developing countries. Vietnam's economy is experiencing its longest spell of slow growth since the onset of economic reforms in the late-1980s. Real GDP grew by 5 percent in 2012, the lowest level since 1998. The economy extended its slow growth into the first half of 2013, registering a growth rate of 4.9 percent in the first quarter and 5 percent in the second quarter. This is the first time that Vietnam has experienced two consecutive years of sub-5 percent growth in the first half of the year since it started publishing quarterly GDP. In fact what had distinguished Vietnam from other countries is its ability to recover rapidly after an economic shock-be it during the East Asian crisis in 1999 or the global financial crisis in 2009. However, Vietnam has found it harder to take timely and decisive actions to jumpstart its economy from the current growth slowdown. Vietnam is the only large developing country in the East Asia and Pacific region other than China whose post-crisis growth rate has been lower than its pre-crisis level
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents an analysis of the early childhood development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Swaziland and recommendations to move forward. This report is part of a series of reports prepared by the World Bank using the systems approach for better education results (SABER) - ECD framework and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition, and social and child protection policies and interventions in Swaziland, along with regional and international comparisons
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Ukraine has extensive public infrastructure inherited from the Soviet times but much of it has fallen into disrepair over the past decades and needs major rehabilitation or replacement so that growth may continue. Creating fiscal space for investing more is one of the critical tasks that facing the country, but a constrained fiscal space together with the use of investments as a stimulus for growth call for more efficiency in public investment management practices. There are a number of fundamental issues that need to be addressed if Ukraine is to make progress in its reform ambitions for public investment management (PIM). The most significant are: (1) most projects avoid scrutiny due to loopholes in classification (lack of definition of a public investment project); (2) there is no effective economic appraisal and appraisal review procedures in place due to limited human resource (HR) capacity, and no common technical standards; (3) the PIM system does not seem to block new projects from entering the budget but allows ministries to delay ongoing ones and squeeze in new ones; and (4) lack of strategic guidance with which to prioritize complicates project selection. One of the fundamental building blocks of a sound PIM system is a clear, legal definition of what counts as a public investment project and what does not. It should be pointed out that this already high discrepancy is only a comparative measure of input values. Developing projects that are output and performance driven should yield even greater efficiencies. Between 2000 and 2008, Ukraine was an average growth performer in a fast growing region, with gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging 7 percent. As the global financial crisis hit the Ukrainian economy it contracted by 15 percent in 2009, exposing its underlying macroeconomic and structural vulnerabilities. As a result of the insufficient structural transformation and impact of the economic crisis, Ukraine now faces substantial fiscal pressures that threaten economic stability and growth. The Government of Ukraine recognized the need for a modern public financial management (PFM) system and put considerable emphasis on several aspects of PFM reforms. Training for the development of capacity in the PIM system is tricky in Ukraine. It is becoming clear that due to the dynamic nature of the Ukrainian civil service, officials are rapidly moving from one area of the Administration to another
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The G20 countries have increasingly recognized the importance of green growth in recent years, and many countries are demonstrating strong leadership through effective and progressive policies.The focus has so far been on creating new economic opportunities while solving environmental and resource scarcity challenges. However, governments do not act alone-the private sector is a natural partner, providing new technologies, business models and investment opportunities across a variety of sectors to help scale-up transformation. Since the 2008 Pittsburgh G20 Summit, inorder to foster these partnerships and leadership by the private sector there has beena surge in related intergovernmental, non-governmental and private sector platforms, to actively promote government policies and public-private partnerships to deliver greater investment in resource-efficient, low-carbon infrastructure and services. As the largest development finance institution dedicated to private sector development,with a strong emphasis on sustainability,International Finance Corporation (IFC) was commissioned to undertake an extensive literature review as a stocktaking exercise on existingmechanisms to mobilize private capital for inclusive green growth (IGG) investmentsin developing countries, as preparation for LosCabos. This overview starts with the high-level findings of the expanded literature review. In order to help readers navigate the vast amounts of information reviewed, a software tool has been developed that allows searches by theme, geography, sector, instrument, and nother interests. The overview then provides a mapping of financial flows relevant to IGG based on existing information and identifies gaps in our knowledge along sectoral and geographical lines
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Group of 20 (G20) nations increasingly recognize the importance of green growth, and many countries are demonstrating strong leadership through effective and progressive policies. However, governments do not act alone, the private sector is an important partner, providing new technologies, business models and investment opportunities across a variety of sectors to help scale up transformation. In 2012 the G20 Development Working Group commissioned the International Finance Corporation, as the largest development finance institution dedicated to private sector development with a strong emphasis on sustainability, to take stock of mechanisms to mobilize private capital, including from institutional investors, for inclusive green growth investments in developing countries. This work is intended to inform the creation of a public-private G20 Dialogue Platform on Inclusive Green Investment. Insurers can materially engage in green growth in several ways: by helping spread the costs of everyday as well as catastrophic losses (their core business) that so often represent a setback to development efforts; accurately evaluating and communicating risks to inform public and private decision making; offering innovative risk management products and services; providing influential input to the public policy processes; and directly investing some of their substantial assets (more than
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report reviews practical and implementable interventions that have significantpotential for the creation of an enabling environment for private sector adaptation and the promotion of climate resilient development paths. While there is a broad spectrum of conditions favorable to climate change adaptation, five priority areas are highlighted in this report: data and information, institutional arrangements, policies, economic incentives, and communication, technology and knowledge. In each of these areas, specific interventions of promoting private sector adaptation are analyzed, with an emphasis on them expected economic, social and environmental returns. Measures, indicators and examples are also provided to inform private sector organizations and policy makers about where conditions for adaptation investment are favorable, and what specific improvements can enhance a country's environment for attracting private investment in climate change adaptation. Acknowledging that further work needs to be done to develop detailed guidance and indices for objective evaluation of levels of the enabling environment for adaptation, this study aims to produce initial indicators for systematic support of climate resilient development in the private sector context
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) Accounting and Auditing (A&A) assess accounting and auditing practices in participating countries. They form part of a joint initiative that is implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to review the quality of implementation of twelve internationally recognized core standards (the ROSC program). These standards and their related codes are relevant to economic stability and private and financial sector development. The program was developed at the end of the 1990s, in the wake of financial crises that affected many countries in several regions of the world. Since its inception in early 2000, the ROSC A&A program has concluded evaluations of the A&A environment in more than one hundred countries around the world. ROSC A&A reports have been produced for all countries of the Europe and Central Asia Region, except Russia. Initiatives to reassure investors about the quality of financial reporting of public interest entities, including listed companies, banks and insurance companies will also be essential
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The implementation of a functioning scheme for the support of electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES-E) in Russia has suffered from considerable delays. This report aims to analyze the role of regions as alternative drivers of RE policy in Russia. In particular, it examines how regions can stimulate the development of renewable energy sources in their electricity systems by establishing RES-E tariffs. The analysis focuses on the possibility for regional authorities to require network companies to purchase RES-E at regulated prices to compensate losses on their network. The implementation of regional renewable energy support policies in response to limited regulatory progress at federal government level is not uncommon in federal states. The analysis focuses on the possibility for regional authorities to require network companies to purchase RES-E at regulated prices to compensate losses on their network. The report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two introduces the division of powers for renewable energy regulation between the federal and regional levels of government. Section three reviews progress achieved so far with the regulation of RE support at federal government level. Section four discusses the policy objectives that, in the context of limited federal interest for RES-E, can drive regional clean energy policies. Section five analyzes federal regulatory and political obstacles to the adoption of regional RES-E tariffs in Russia, in particular RES-E tariffs for the electricity that network companies purchase to compensate losses on their network. Section six makes recommendations of ways to overcome the obstacles by making use of the broader regulatory powers under the Federal Energy Efficiency Law. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9780821398760
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p)
    Series Statement: Latin America and Caribbean Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Tras decadas de estancamiento, la poblacion de clase media en America Latina y el Caribe ha aumentado en un 50%-de aproximadamente 100 millones de personas en 2003 a 150 millones (o un 30% de la poblacion del continente) en 2009. Durante este periodo, el porcentaje de la poblacion pobre disminuyo notablemente, del 44% al 30%. La movilidad economica y el crecimiento de la clase media en America Latina analiza la naturaleza, los determinantes y las posibles consecuencias de este notable proceso de transformacion social. Los autores proponen una original definicion de la clase media, hecha a la medida de America Latina y centrada en el concepto de seguridad economica. Segun esta definicion, el grupo social mas grande de la region actualmente no son ni los pobres ni la clase media, sino un estrato de personas vulnerables situadas entre el umbral de la pobreza y los requisitos minimos para disfrutar de un modo de vida mas seguro, propio de la clase media. El auge de la clase media refleja los cambios recientes en la movilidad economica. La movilidad intergeneracional-un concepto contrario a la desigualdad de oportunidades-ha mejorado ligeramente pero sigue siendo muy limitada. Tanto el nivel educativo como los logros educativos siguen siendo sumamente dependientes del nivel de escolarizacion de los padres. Sin embargo, se ha producido un aumento real de la movilidad de los ingresos. En los ultimos 15 anos, al menos el 43% de los habitantes de America Latina ha cambiado de clase social, en la mayoria de los casos en un sentido ascendente. Los autores sostienen que hay numerosos beneficios potenciales en el auge de esta clase media, si bien advierten que la materializacion de esos beneficios depende en gran medida de que los paises consigan anclar la clase media en torno a un nuevo contrato social, mas cohesivo, que ponga de relieve la necesidad de incluir a todos aquellos que han quedado rezagados. La movilidad economica y el crecimiento de la clase media en America Latina despertara un gran interes entre los responsables de las politicas en America Latina y en otras regiones, entre los funcionarios de las instituciones multilaterales y entre estudiantes y docentes de economia, politicas publicas y ciencias sociales
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p)
    Series Statement: Latin America and the Caribbean Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: This semiannual report examines the short and medium-term challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as the external factors that were instrumental in the region’s recent performance recede. In particular, we address the role of the exchange rate as a counter-cyclical policy tool to buffer adverse external shocks. As is customary in this series, Chapter 1 starts by providing an overview of the global economy and its implications for the short and medium-term prospects of the LAC region. It also examines the vulnerabilities of the region as tailwinds recede. Chapter 2 describes the new role of the exchange rate as a shock absorber in LAC amid the important transformations observed in the region in the past decade on the macro-financial front. Finally, Chapter 3 gives a detailed look at exchange rate-smoothing policy interventions
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update is a comprehensive, twice-yearly review of the region's economies prepared by the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank. In 2011, an estimated 38 million people will move out of poverty, and the proportion of people living on less than US
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update is a comprehensive, twice-yearly review of the region's economies prepared by the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank. In this edition, the report notes that the region is expected to contribute almost 40 percent of global growth in 2012, and a similar share in 2013.China’s economic slowdown affected the region’s economic performance. China’s growth is projected to reach 7.9 percent this year, 1.4 percentage points lower than last year’s 9.3 percent and the lowest growth rate since 1999. For 2014, we expect most countries in the region to benefit from a mild recovery in advanced countries as well as continued strong domestic demand. For economies in the region that face difficulties in budget execution, particularly of the capital budget, fiscal interventions could focus on increasing private domestic demand, such as targeted social assistance or investment tax credits
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p)
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The impact of the global financial and economic crisis on the Middle East and North Africa region was relatively mild. Lack of integration and a large public sector helped insulate the region to some extent, but now these and other factors are slowing down the speed of its economic recovery. The report examines the major factors threatening the recovery and those that obstruct long-term growth †“ especially non-oil export growth, which in net terms contributed little to regional growth during the past decade, with non-oil exports remaining below potential in many countries in the region. The report emphasizes several major areas in need of policy makers’ attention, including restrictive trade policies, particularly those affecting trade in services; governance issues linked to uneven application of rules and regulations; inefficient and inflexible labor markets and scarcity of skills, innovation and technological capabilities
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Le Groupe de la Banque mondiale s'est fixe des objectifs ambitieux mais realisables sur lesquels asseoir le travail qu'il entreprend pour relever ces defis historiques. Plus precisement, l'institution fera son possible pour mettre fin a l'extreme pauvrete a l'echelle mondiale d'ici 2030 et promouvoir une prosperite partagee dans les pays en developpement, ce qui supposera favoriser la croissance des revenus pour les 40 % les plus pauvres de la population. L'institution cherchera a atteindre ces objectifs de facon viable sur le plan environnemental, social et economique afin de s'assurer que les acquis du developpement ne compromettent pas le bien-etre des generations actuelles et futures. Le present Rapport annuel couvre les activites de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement (BIRD) et de l'Association international de developpement (IDA) qui, reunies, prennent le nom de Banque mondiale. Nous vous exhortons a le lire pour en apprendre davantage sur le travail accompli par la Banque mondiale - les activites et les realisations qu'elle aide a promouvoir dans les six regions geographiques ou elle mene ses operations, ainsi que les resultats du travail consistant a aider a vaincre la pauvrete et creer des opportunites pour les populations des pays en developpement. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: This paper is based on an evaluation of the Zambian lending portfolio carried out in early 2011. The paper begins by explaining the demand for good governance (DFGG) concept, identifying its increasing prevalence as a theme in World Bank discourse, locating it in a broader development agenda, and drawing out its implications for World Bank projects. The paper then presents the Zambian lending projects as a case study, drawing out the factors that contribute to DFGG success and failure on the ground. The relevance of this Zambian case study is that it demonstrates some of the particular challenges of trying to move DFGG commitments from paper to practice. Nine projects are considered in total. Each project is assessed for DFGG mechanisms in the following four categories: transparency and information, participation and consultation, monitoring and oversight, and capacity enhancement. The established mechanisms are considered according to a set of following four criteria s: effectiveness, efficiency, inclusiveness, and sustainability. This paper presents a background and explanation of the DFGG concept, describing its increasing prevalence as a theme in World Bank discourse, its location in a broader development agenda as well as its implications for World Bank projects. It further illustrates the Zambian lending projects as case studies, drawing out the factors that contribute to DFGG successes and failure on the ground. The paper concludes with specific recommendations on how interventions can be more experimental in their philosophy, more analytical in their preparation, and more managerial in their attempts to address internal obstacles
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Abstract: This report looks at the growth poles policy in Romania to determine ways to increase its effectiveness and efficiency for the next programming cycle (2014-2020). The growth poles policy in Romania has been initiated in 2008, as a means to support a balanced economic development of the country, while still targeting investments to maximize economic impact. A total of seven growth poles have been designated and are currently supported as such, via an integrated development plan designed for each. In an effort respond to all the above the Romanian Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (MRDPA) has engaged with the World Bank in a broader advisory services partnership implemented between 2012-2013. The current review is a result of this joint work. The report is grouped into three main parts. The first part sets out the context of analysis, including a brief presentation of growth poles policy objectives as well as the European policy context, and conceptual debates in which it is framed. The second part includes a set of recommendations regarding the growth poles policy for the next programming cycle (2014-2020). The third part includes an analysis of each of the growth poles, presenting specific recommendations for each
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the issues to end extreme poverty in the World, promoting shared prosperity, and taking bold action on climate change. He speaks about accelerating the high growth rate in the developing world, and to translate this into poverty reduction and job creation. It must be inclusive to curb inequality. He insists that we must avert or mitigate potential shocks such as climate disasters or new crises in food, fuel, and finances. Climate change is not just an environmental challenge, but also a fundamental threat to economic development. He also believes that the combined efforts of the United Nations and the World Bank Group on the political and security fronts can make a major difference in moving fragile states out of fragility. He fields questions about a BRICS development bank, Chinese growth and inequality, the World Bank Group's financial commitments on climate change, Peruvian poverty, loan conditionality, monetary policies of emerging countries, China's urbanization, Caribbean economies, the Arab Spring countries, and Mexican economic reform
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses climate change as being a fundamental threat to economic development and the fight against poverty. He releases the new climate change report "Climate Extremes: Regional Impacts and the Case for Resilience" which talks about the challenges we'd be facing if the global temperature rose by two degrees Celsius. He talks about developing tools that help countries better assess and adapt to climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions tracking, helping countries become more energy-efficient, and advising them on building more climate-resilient infrastructure. He speaks about working with partners on building low-carbon climate-resilient cities, transforming the way to maximize productivity and resilience and doubling global renewable energy and efficiency. In conclusion, he says that the world needs to find innovative ways to set an appropriate price on carbon and roll back fossil fuel subsidies. He fielded questions on the U.N. climate policy process, corruption in lending to Africa, the role of China in slowing emissions, the role of bilateral agreements, getting youth involved, energy efficiency in the United States, and barriers to investment in low carbon industries
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the state of the global economy, and lessons drawn to the future of the World Bank Group. He mentioned strengthening Group financial discipline to become more efficient and to grow revenues. He promises that the World Bank Group will openly share our knowledge and experience with all 188 member countries, the private sector, and civil society. He wants to create a culture that retains the most motivated and talented people and attracts the best and brightest to the World Bank Group. He believes to chart a path toward universal financial access by bringing together multiple approaches and technologies. He promises to reduce transaction times by a third from conception of a project to first disbursement of funds. He concludes by saying that, working together with governments and development partners, have helped lift hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) subsector, including programs and policies that affect young children in the Solomon Islands. This was a collaborative effort between UNICEF and World Bank Group, as it combines World Bank Group's SABER-ECD framework, which includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition, and social and child protection policies and interventions in the Solomon Islands, along with regional and international comparisons, as well as the regionally developed UNICEF National Situational Analysis-ECD, which takes a greater in-depth look at the following system components, which have been highlighted by the Pacific Region as priority components for quality Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) implementation: policy/legislation and governance; human resources; curriculum, child assessment, and environment; performance monitoring and assessment; and community partnerships. The government of the Solomon Islands (SIG) recognizes the importance of providing early learning opportunities for young children. In 2008 the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (MEHRD) endorsed a National Early Childhood Education Policy Statement, targeting age's three to five, which states its commitment to develop a quality Early Childhood Education (ECE) sector. This commitment has been reflected in both the National Education Action Plan, 2013-2015, and the Education Strategic Framework, 2007-2015. However, the statement clearly identified 'in relation to quality practice, the payment and training of teachers, relevant curriculum, effective management, community awareness about the value of ECCE and children's access and participation in ECCE' as challenges to the implementation of ECCE services
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: The United Arab Emirates has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important component of efforts to improve education quality and learning outcomes as it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decision making needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, United Arab Emirates decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under The World Bank'sSystems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. The goal of SABER-Student Assessment is to promote stronger assessment systems that contribute to improved education quality and learning for all
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: Iraq has focused on increasing student learning outcomes by improving the quality of education in the country. An effective student assessment system is an important component of efforts to improve education quality and learning outcomes because it provides the necessary information to meet stakeholders' decisionmaking needs. In order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Iraq decided to benchmark this system using standardized tools developed under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. The key policy areas for this student assessment status are as follows: (i) Classroom Assessment; (ii) Examinations; (iii) National Large-Scale Assessment (NLSA); and (iv) International Large-Scale Assessment (ILSA)
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The main impetus for this ...
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) is used for conducting rapid assessments of energy use in cities. It helps prioritize sectors with significant energy savings potential, and identifies appropriate energy efficiency interventions across six sectors-transport, municipal buildings, water and waste water, public lighting, solid waste, and power and heat. It is a simple, low-cost, user-friendly, and practical tool that can be applied in any socioeconomic setting. This report is based on the implementation of the TRACE tool in Ploiesti in February 2013, and it outlines ideas on what the city could further do to improve its energy efficiency performance. It details the analysis carried out and the recommendations derived as a result, for energy efficiency action plan, district heating maintenance and upgrade, non-motorized transport, public transport development, parking restraint measures, traffic restraint measures, municipal buildings audit and retrofit, and street lighting timing program
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to economic development and job creation is increasingly recognized across the world. With an expected 58 percent of gross value added in 2012, SMEs are perceived to be the backbone of the economy especially within the European Union (EU). Although they faced particularly challenging economic conditions in 2011-12, SMEs within the EU still account for more than 98 percent of all enterprises and 67 percent of total employment. For such businesses, access to finance is a key factor for business start-up, development, survival, and growth. In September-October 2012, the World Bank Centre for financial reporting reform (CFRR) surveyed Austrian banks with a view to understanding the role played by financial information and audits in lending decisions. Respondents to the survey represent approximately one third of the sector based on total assets. The survey also assessed how banks measure the quality of the financial information they receive as part of a loan application. The purpose of this report is to inform the accounting and auditing profession, policy makers, and SMEs and their representative institutions about banks' requirements and expectations regarding the scope of financial information provided by SMEs when applying for a credit
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The private sector, through investment and job creation, plays a crucial role in a country's fight against poverty. Where an effective private sector is lacking, business registration reform has been shown to be one of the essential first steps toward fostering private-sector growth. The easier, faster, and cheaper the business registration process becomes, the higher the number of businesses in an economy. A number of recent studies have found that simpler registration processes translate into advantages for workers and employers, including greater employment opportunities, more productive jobs, and higher total factor productivity. In addition, society as a whole benefits from registration reform. Business registration reform also has the potential to reduce both informality and gender disparity in entrepreneurship. This toolkit provides a systematic analysis of various reform options and is meant to serve as a guide for policy makers and practitioners implementing business registration reform. The toolkit thus displays the fundamentals of international good practice that can be adapted to specific country contexts in a coherent, consistent, and sustainable way
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: This paper provides a framework for analyzing teacher policies in education systems around the world in order to support informed education policy decisions. It provides a lens through which governments, World Bank staff, and other interested parties can focus the attention on what the relevant dimensions regarding teacher policies are, what teacher policies seem to matter most to improve student learning, and how to think about prioritization among competing policy options for teacher policy reform. The focus of the paper is the description of the conceptual framework to analyze and assess teacher policies, as well as a review of the evidence base that supports it. As such, the paper does not go into details regarding the processes and products of the SABER-Teachers program. Readers interested in knowing more about the methodology followed by the SABER-Teachers program to collect and analyze data on teacher policies around the world should consult the companion Background Papers, as well as the website of the initiative (see annex one). The document is organized as follows. Section one provides an overview of the general approach, main components and objectives of the framework, as well as an explanation of the evidence base that supported its development. Section two focuses on the first component of the framework and describes the categories that are relevant to produce a comprehensive descriptive account of the teacher policies that are in place in a given education system. Section three, in turn, focuses on policy guidance. It reviews those policies that, based on the available evidence to date, are known to matter most to improve student outcomes. It describes in detail the evidence supporting each of these policies, as well as the ways in which high performing education systems combine them to ensure outstanding student outcomes. The document concludes presenting an account of how the framework is expected to evolve as new evidence on teacher policies becomes available
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Although the Parliament of Rwanda has passed an impressive array of financial sector laws since 2008, the laws relevant to financial consumer protection are very limited and in some cases overlapping. Consumer protection in Rwandan banking, microfinance, and insurance sectors is fragmented because of insufficiently defined roles and responsibilities among institutions and unclear enforcement capacity. While there are some strong provisions in some areas such as electronic money transfer, electronic transmission, credit information, and market conduct regulation in the insurance industry, many other areas are lagging. Rwandan authorities recognize that a sound financial consumer protection framework is fundamental to improving usage and quality of financial services, access to them, and overall deepening of the financial sector. This World Bank diagnostic review was requested by the National Bank of Rwanda (BNR) in November 2012. Modules on banking and microfinance sectors were developed based on publicly available information and data during the World Bank mission in Rwanda, and the review of the insurance sector was conducted through a desk review using the data obtained from BNR data requests and questionnaires, and the analysis is therefore constrained by it. Volume I of the review summarizes its key findings and recommendations, and volume II provides a detailed assessment against the World Bank's good practices on financial consumer protection
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    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Macroeconomic stability in Vietnam is improving, underpinned by moderating inflation and strengthening external accounts. Headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation has stabilized, aided by subdued credit growth and easing of food price increases. The decline in core inflation has been more gradual. Pressure on the Vietnamese currency has also eased substantially. A sustained recovery in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth remains hampered however by slow-moving structural reforms and global uncertainty. With rising pressures on the budget, the government is faced with some crucial fiscal policy choices, as it seeks to balance the objectives of economic expansion and macroeconomic stability. This paper explores crucial issues such as trade facilitation, competitiveness and growth, poverty and inequality, corruption and economic growth in Vietnam, the external economic environment, and recent economic developments in Vietnam
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jamaica has made many notable achievements in the fight against HIV/AIDS, which include a robust treatment program and improved HIV prevention programs that increasingly focus on the key drivers of the HIV epidemic and which are based on evidence. These attainments have resulted in a sustained decline in the estimated incidence of HIV and in a reduction in AIDS mortality. The national response to HIV/AIDS in Jamaica is currently financed by the Government as well as by several external sources, including the World Bank, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) and the United States government. It is expected, however, that external financing will cease or be significantly reduced in the next two years. As a result, a substantial increase in domestic financing for the national HIV/AIDS response will be needed. However, public debt levels are high, and the country is feeling the repercussions of the global financial crisis, thus the availability of domestic resources is and will be very tight. Any shortfall in financing whether domestic, external or both will have serious implications for the delivery of HIV services. The Government of Jamaica requested this study so as to inform its future HIV/AIDS policy response. This study is one input in a series of actions that the Government will undertake to formulate a future sustainability plan and investment framework for the National HIV Program. This study was led and financed by the World Bank and conducted in collaboration with the Government of Jamaica and United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The study aimed to assess the sustainability of Jamaica's National HIV Program from a fiscal perspective. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to: 1) review current spending on HIV/AIDS and the sources of financing; 2) estimate the fiscal burden of the national HIV/AIDS response and assess the outlook for external financing of the HIV program; 3) project how the epidemic will unfold as well as what the costs would be under different potential scenarios; and 4) provide recommendations to inform policy decisions
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The nexus of improved energy access, direct health benefits and reduced indoor air pollution can be achieved in part through expanding access to clean cookstoves and fuels. This is of particular significance to approximately three billion people, mainly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, who still rely on solid fuels (traditional biomass and coal) for cooking and heating. Large-scale adoption and sustained use of clean cookstoves is not materializing due to a variety of context specific barriers both on the consumer and producer/distributor sides. While financing in terms of a lack of investment and working capital appear to be constraints for producers, lack of information, awareness, and cultural barriers dominate for consumers and should not be underestimated. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach across four key drivers that have been identified through reviewing successful programs: awareness raising; markets and preferences; technologies and standards; and innovative financing
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Sexual violence (SV) is recognized as a significant problem in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). SV can contribute to high levels of mental health symptoms, impaired functioning, and experiences of social stigmatization in female survivors, many of whom also face extreme economic hardship and poverty. This report provides results addressing the impact of a mental health intervention, cognitive processing therapy (CPT), on specific domains of social, physical, and economic functioning, and on the reduction of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and feelings of stigma and shame, associated with being an SV survivor
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In many developing countries, given their poor economic circumstances, weather observing networks are usually installed using funds from international development and aid agencies to enhance the capability of local national hydro-meteorological services (NHMS) and to accomplish humanitarian objectives. This paper discusses non-traditional approaches for establishing sustainable weather observing networks in developing countries, beginning with a brief overview of the importance of data from such networks to a NHMS. Some of the challenges inherent in establishing and maintaining weather and climate observing networks in developing countries are described. This is followed by a discussion of how these challenges may be addressed through the development of weather observing networks based on facilities and capabilities of the local cellular telephone network, such as the open lattice tower pictured in the background of the cover photograph. The paper reviews and summarizes currently available scientific, technical, and commercial literature regarding use of cell phone towers as observing sites. It provides a few illustrative examples of non-traditional technologies well-suited to making cell-tower based observations. The paper concludes with recommendations concerning how one may work with NHMSs in developing countries to improve the sustainability of their observing networks. These recommendations are focused on partnerships, in the sense of true business relationships, involving the NHMSs with, for example, local telephone companies, other in-country utilities, and commercial and private sector instrument manufacturers and data services. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This economic report records the economic activities of Azerbaijan for the year 2013. Economic growth picked up in the first half of 2013 on the back of higher public investment and moderation in the decline in oil production. The continued decline in oil production, even though at a slower pace than in 2012, lowered the fiscal and current account surplus. Fiscal performance was however better than what was budgeted due to higher oil prices and pick-up in growth. A fall in oil exports lowered the current account surplus and net capital outflows from Azerbaijan continued for the sixth year in a row. Diversification remains high on the policy agenda but the country has a long way to go. Limited progress has been made on most of the components of human capital and institutions, and a lot more needs to be done. In the absence of alternate sources of growth, the hydrocarbon sector will continue to determine the economic performance of Azerbaijan over the medium-term. The decline in oil production is expected to be partially offset by an increase in natural gas production. With a fall in oil related fiscal revenues, public expenditures are expected to be scaled back thereby reducing non-oil growth. Hence, economic expansion is estimated at 4.5 percent per year over the medium-term
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In this paper two main medical malpractice systems are discussed - tort liability system in the US and no-fault system adopted in OECD countries- most notably in Sweden. These systems were discussed from administrative issues, deterrence, financing,compensation, costs occur to parties involved in malpractice cases, quality of care and finally their impact on health care costs. Tort liability system is a "social insurance of a market society" where patients are compensated when the negligence is proved to be the cause of the injury, whereas no-fault system is a "social insurance of goodwill" where the patients are compensated without proof of providers' fault. Tort litigation system has been criticized for being inefficient, unfair, and costly to both patients, health care providers and to health care system. No-fault system is introduced as an alternative totort system and adopted by many developed OECD countries. Although the system is more efficient and less costly for providing compensation to patients, it limits the patient's right to appeal, and it appears that there is a trade-off between deterrence and the lower litigation costs. In order to overcome problems associated with the tort litigation system, several methods are suggested as an alternative current tort system in the US. These methods are discussed briefly at the end of the paper to provide information on different methods so that the countries who are in a process of planning to set a medical malpractice system could tailor some of suggested methods to their needs. There is no perfect medical malpractice system when the costs of litigation, deterrence, quality of care, financing, and fairness of compensation are considered simultaneously. Therefore, countries should adopt medical malpractice system by tailoring their functions to the conditions and the needs of the country
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This economic report records the economic activities of Armenia for the year 2013. A steep decline in construction caused economic growth to weaken to 0.6 percent in the second quarter of 2013 (year-on-year) from 7.5 percent in the first quarter and 7.2 percent in 2012 as a whole. Developments of the current account were more favorable than expected earlier. The volume of metal exports rose substantially, more than offsetting lower international prices for copper and remittances remained high despite the slowdown of economic growth in Russia. For a third year in a row, fiscal policy is likely to be tighter because of lower than budgeted capital spending. This outcome reflects delays in the North-South corridor infrastructure project. With continued sluggish growth expected in Armenia's main trading partners, including Russia and the European Union (EU), we project growth of about 4-5 percent a year over the medium term. Armenia's authorities recognize the need to improve the business environment and competitiveness. The government's medium-term reform agenda, supported by a new Development Policy Operation from the World Bank, reflects these priorities. It includes critical business climate and public administration reforms, aimed at strengthening competitiveness and public sector efficiency. These are expected to contribute to job creation through reducing the costs of doing business for firms, expanding access to credit to Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and increasing opportunities for employment and job creation through increased trade and connectivity within and outside Armenian borders
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In January 2013, International Finance Corporation (IFC) launched a research project entitled women on corporate boards in Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia, and Serbia. The purpose of the project was to gather information on the representation of women on corporate boards and to learn about the determinants of female board membership in these countries. Which skills and knowledge do women need to possess to become a member of a board? Do women's decision-making and leadership styles differ from those of their male counterparts? Are there are any impediments for women aspiring to board membership? And what useful lessons can be learned to inform policy? The research was carried out over a period of four months. It started with desktop research conducted over a two-week period between January 21 and February 3, 2013 and which aimed at identifying around 30 female and male board members in each country covered by the project who were willing to participate. Interviews with board members were conducted between February 5 and March 23, 2013. The report presents research results. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: On 28 May, 2013, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted decree no. 449 on the mechanism for the promotion of renewable energy (RE) on the wholesale electricity and capacity market. Decree no. 449 integrates support for renewable energy sources for electricity (RES-E) into the capacity market. This is a very different approach to that applied in most of the existing support mechanisms in other countries, where RES-E is promoted on the basis of the electricity output (MWh) rather than the installed capacity (MW or MW per month) of RE installations. Promoting RES-E through the capacity market is a way for the Russian authorities to overcome some of the legal and technical challenges faced by previous support initiatives and, importantly, to control the costs of RE. This approach fits well with the specific regulatory architecture of the Russian wholesale electricity market, which comprises both an energy and capacity segment. This report introduces Russia's new capacity-based scheme and examines how the Russian authorities have integrated the variability of RE sources into the regulation of capacity supply. This analysis will highlight the risk of legal uncertainty affecting the business case for RE investors under the capacity-based scheme. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Global capital re-balancing has highlighted structural weakness and vulnerability in South Asia, acting as a wake-up call for policy makers. While recent economic developments in advanced countries are encouraging, large parts of the region continue to slow. Portfolio outflows, triggered by the prospect of unwinding Quantitative Easing (QE) in the US, have made current account deficits more difficult to finance across emerging markets. Meanwhile, supply-side constraints and macroeconomic imbalances remain a challenge in most South Asian countries. But the depreciation of regional currencies offers an opportunity to stimulate growth and create space for reforms to improve the investment climate. While the medium-term outlook for the region remains cautiously positive, two highly complementary policies are central for needed higher and sustainable growth. First, continuing to tighten the stance of fiscal and monetary policy will help to promote macroeconomic stability and raise tax revenue to reduce vulnerability. Second, removing supply-side constraints, both regulatory and physical, will pave the way for increasing investment and growth. Given the recent economic turmoil across emerging market economies, this edition's focus section examines the relationship between the transmission of economic shocks from India to the rest of South Asia, as well as from the world to South Asia. The main findings of the analysis suggest that, independent of global business cycle movements, India plays an important role in influencing growth across the region, and that this effect has increased since the 2008 global crisis. Furthermore, the United States played a larger role in influencing global cyclical real GDP movements before the global crisis, but since then its independent influence has diminished as all regions are moving together with greater frequency. Nonetheless, much of the cyclical real GDP variation in the region remains idiosyncratic
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (223 p)
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The global economy appears to be transitioning toward a more stable period. Although acute risks have diminished, real-side activity remains sluggish †“ especially in high-income Europe. Most developing countries have fully recovered from the crisis. Although growth is slower than during the boom period, it is in line with underlying potential, and output is projected to pick up only gradually to around 5.8 percent by 2015. High unemployment and spare capacity remain pressing problems in developing Europe and the Middle East and North Africa. With a more stable external environment, new risks and challenges are gaining prominence, including the potential impact on exporting countries of a faster than anticipated decline in commodity prices, the possibility that the eventual withdrawal of quantitative easing exposes vulnerabilities in developing countries, and the need to resort increasingly to supply-side rather than demand stimulus policies to achieve stronger growth
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The post-revolutionary economies of MENA - Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen - have been recovering after a period of growth decelerations in 2011. In Egypt and Tunisia, the growth dips of 2011 were less dramatic than the declines observed during previous transitions. The recovery has been relatively quick but the transition process is far from complete and uncertainty about the political and reform process remains a binding constraint to private investment. Consequently, post-transition growth is below potential and is lower than growth prior to the Arab Spring, with negative consequences for employment and poverty. Events in the post-revolution economies have affected other countries in MENA. Macroeconomic fundamentals weakened in most developing MENA countries in 2011-12 as growth slowed and governments responded to social pressures with expansionary fiscal policies. The regional growth outlook for 2013 reflects weaker expected global economic activity, especially in the EU, and moderating oil prices. Regional economic growth is expected to decelerate to 3.5% in 2013 from 5.5% in 2012. Prolonged political and policy uncertainty and social unrest are serious downside risks to the outlook
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  • 96
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: La importancia de la educacion terciaria en crecimiento economico y en la competitividad esta siendo cada vez mas reconocida como un factor critico, no solo en paises de economias medias y avanzadas, sino tambien en paises de economias en desarrollo. El acceso a un curriculum solido, de rango mundial, contribuye a configurar unos recursos humanos expertos, productivos y flexibles, que pueden influir positivamente en las actividades productivas, creando, aplicando y divulgando los nuevos conocimientos y sus tecnologias. Las Universidades de Investigacion surgen como instituciones claves en las economias del conocimiento del siglo XXI. El camino hacia la excelencia academica: la constitucion de Universidades de Investigacion de Rango Mundial amplia el analisis del estudio publicado en El desafio de crear Universidades de Rango Mundial (Salmi 2009), exponiendo los resultados extraidos del analisis de las recientes experiencias ensayadas en 11 universidades, ubicadas en 9 paises, universidades que se han confrontado con el reto de constituir, en circunstancias muy dificiles, instituciones de investigacion de exito. Este informe generara gran interes en directivos de instituciones de educacion terciaria y en dirigentes politicos que esten considerando posibles reformas e innovaciones dirigidas a mejorar la situacion actual de su pais en el contexto global
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: Recent assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that many regions of the world will experience biome-level changes, suggesting that areas that presently feature deserts, rainforest, or tundra may no longer have the same type of vegetation by the end of this century. As biomes shift, so will the spatial distribution of natural-ecosystems and agro-ecological zones. Likewise, the distribution patterns of plants, diseases and pests, fish populations and ocean circulation will change, causing potentially significant impacts on food production and livelihoods. This study focuses on MENA, due to current high levels of water stress and a long history of autonomous adaptation knowledge and practices linked to changing patterns of temperature and rainfall. The study sites selected in cooperation with national counterparts reflect important rainfed areas in the main agro-ecological zones defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The key findings for all the four countries are presented in this report
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: For the 2014-2020 programming period, the Government of Romania (GoR) is considering a new approach presented by the European Commission (EC) - community-led local development (CLLD). Through CLLD, empowered communities have the opportunity to directly shape and own the process of local development, during all stages of EU - funded interventions, from concept design through implementation. If Romania ultimately pursues CLLD, the critical task facing the government is to design an optimal implementation framework for the new approach - this is precisely the focus and scope of the current integrated intervention tool (IIT). The preparation of this IIT entailed a number of steps, including extensive field work to define relevant subtypes of urban marginalized communities and to review past experiences with urban integration in Romania. This summary covers multiple sections, in line with the key chapters of the main IIT report. It first reviews CLLD's main features and best practice principles at the EU level. It focuses on Romania, making some recommendations for where CLLD can apply and what it will require in terms of coordinating different sources of funding. It also covers the main six stages of operationalizing CLLD in Romania, as follows: launch: preparations through capacity building and information campaigns; call for expressions of interest regarding the potential submission of local integration strategies (LISs); mobilization of the community for the establishment of local action groups (LAG) and development of LIS by each LAG; selection of strategies to be financed; implementation of LISs approved for financing, including selection and implementation of individual projects under these strategies; and phase-out activities and evaluation
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: The President of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim, pointed to the serious consequences to global economic outlook of failing to tackle the challenges of climate change. He remarked that the risks associated with climate change could threaten international peace and security. The Bank is stepping up mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk management work
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group discusses the opportunity to create a world free from the stain of poverty and economic exclusion. He states that the environmental challenge is a fundamental threat to economic development and the fight against poverty in the world. He believes that assuring growth is inclusive is both a moral imperative and a crucial condition for sustained economic development for any country. The World Bank Group is now working on a revamped strategy to significantly strengthen our climate change interventions and help catalyze urgent action among global partners on the scale required. Progress is never inevitable. He concludes by saying that if we act today, if we work relentlessly toward these goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity, we have the opportunity to create a world for our children which is defined not by stark inequities but by soaring opportunities
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