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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (148)
  • MFK München
  • Online-Ressource  (148)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (148)
  • 2004  (148)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (131)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport  (12)
  • Santa Monica, CA : RAND  (5)
  • Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
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  • Online-Ressource  (148)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (148)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 193-225
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 193-225
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The intricate issue of detecting and forecasting macroeconomic cycles turning points has been once more perfectly illustrated with the global downturn experienced by most countries around the world in 2000-2001. Governments and Central Banks are very sensitive to economic indicators showing signs of deterioration in order to adjust their policies sufficiently in advance to avoid further deterioration or even a recession. These indicators require at least two qualities: they must be reliable and they must provide a readable signal as soon as possible. In this paper, we discuss ...
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 163-184
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure des stocks de capital, des services du capital et de la productivité multifactorielle
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 163-184
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Capital services measures have long been recognised as the appropriate concept to capture capital input in production and productivity analysis. However, only few countries’ statistical agencies construct and publish such capital services measures. This paper describes capital services measures developed by OECD and presents estimation methods and results for the G7 countries. By way of example, the consequences of applying capital services measures instead of measures of gross or net capital stocks in the computation of rates of multi-factor productivity growth are examined for three countries, the United States, France and Australia ...
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité des dépenses publiques : L'expérience des pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. Based on detailed country reviews for over two-thirds of OECD countries, this paper identifies three main areas for action: the budget process; management practices; and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 255-274
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Tariff Bindings, Unused Protection and Agricultural Trade Liberalisation
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 255-274
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Les précédentes évaluations quantitatives des effets de la libéralisation des échanges agricoles présumaient que les réductions négociées des tarifs consolidés se traduisent par une diminution correspondante des taux tarifaires effectivement appliqués. Toutefois, cette méthode surestime la réduction effective des tarifs appliqués et, partant, les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges, puisque les taux appliqués sont souvent très inférieurs aux tarifs consolidés dans les listes issues du cycle d’Uruguay. À l’aide de données sur les taux appliqués et consolidés et du modèle GTAP-CGE, les auteurs chiffrent l’ampleur du biais consécutif. Il apparaît que la distorsion des estimations est particulièrement prononcée pour les réductions tarifaires faibles et pour les pays où les écarts entre taux consolidés et taux appliqués sont importants. Afin d’éviter de formuler des avis erronés, les spécialistes de l’analyse quantitative des politiques soucieux d’informer les décideurs des effets probables de réductions tarifaires négociées devraient donc prendre en ...
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 60 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les femmes sur le marché du travail : Évidence empirique sur le rôle des politiques économiques et autres déterminants dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leave. On the other hand, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes remain major determinants of female participation. Simulations illustrate the potentially significant impact that some of the examined policies could exert on female participation ...
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 95-128
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 36 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measures of Restrictions on Inward Foreign Direct Investment for OECD Countries
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 95-128
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Ce document présente de nouvelles mesures des restrictions visant les investissements directs étrangers (IDE) dans les pays de l’OCDE. Différentes sortes de restrictions sont considérées : les limites de la participation étrangère, les procédures d’examen sélectif ou de notification, et les restrictions concernant la gestion et les opérations des entreprises. Ces restrictions sont calculées pour neuf secteurs et onze sous-secteurs, dont la plupart relèvent du domaine des services. Les données sont ensuite agrégées en une mesure composite pour l’économie dans son ensemble. Selon ces indicateurs agrégés, ces deux dernières décennies, et plus particulièrement les années 90, ont vu un assouplissement considérable des restrictions frappant l’IDE. Les pays de l’OCDE sont désormais généralement ouverts aux IDE, même s’il subsiste des différences importantes d’un pays et d’un secteur à l’autre. Les pays les plus ouverts sont à présent européens, du moins en ce qui concerne les restrictions statutaires. La majorité des restrictions restantes se trouvent dans les services. Il n’y a presque plus de restrictions légales dans le secteur manufacturier ...
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 129-167
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 41 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Decline in Private Saving Rates in the 1990s in OECD Countries: How Much Can Be Explained by Non-wealth Determinants?
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 129-167
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La baisse substantielle des taux d’épargne privée observée dans plusieurs pays de l’OCDE durant la fin des années 90 a coïncidé dans bien des cas avec une forte hausse de la richesse financière nette des ménages. Ce phénomène a été interprété par plusieurs analystes comme indiquant que la forte augmentation des valeurs mobilières et immobilières durant cette période avait été traitée par les ménages comme une hausse permanente de la richesse, entraînant une baisse non soutenable de l’épargne, et faisant ainsi surgir la crainte d’un éventuel effet de richesse négatif. À l’aide de techniques d’estimation pour un panel d’équations dynamiques, cette étude examine les principaux déterminants de l’épargne privée pour un échantillon de 15 pays de l’OCDE et constate que la baisse de l’épargne observée après 1995 peut être largement expliquée par des déterminants fondamentaux autres que la richesse financière, y compris en période hors échantillon. Parmi ces déterminants, c’est la hausse de l’épargne publique qui a contribué le plus à la désépargne privée entre 1995 et 2000. À en juger par les résultats, il ne semble guère que les consommateurs aient réagi trop fortement au boom du marché boursier des années 90, même dans les pays où les taux d’épargnes ont tombés à des niveaux sans précédent. Par contre, les résultats donnent à penser qu’un assouplissement de ...
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 7-50
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comportement de départ à la retraite dans les pays de l'OCDE : L'impact des systèmes de pension de vieillesse et d'autres programmes de transferts sociaux
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 7-50
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the impact of old-age pension systems and other social transfer programmes on the retirement decision of older males in OECD countries. For each of the 55-59, 60-64 and 65+ age groups, a new panel dataset of retirement incentives embedded in those schemes is constructed, focusing mainly on the implicit tax rate on continued work. These currently differ widely across OECD countries: they are high in most Continental European Countries, compared with Japan, Korea, English-speaking and Nordic countries. Simple cross-country correlations and panel data econometric estimates both show that implicit taxes on continued work have sizeable effects on the departure of older male workers from the labour force ...
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 71-92
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 71-92
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In this paper, we develop a likelihood approach for quantification of qualitative survey data on expectations and perceptions and we propose a new test for expectation consistency (unbiasedness). Our quantification scheme differs from existing methods primarily by using prior information (perhaps derived from economic theory or well established empirical relations) on the underlying process driving the variable of interest. To investigate the properties of our novel quantification scheme and to analyze the size and power properties of the new expectation consistency test, we perform Monte Carlo simulation studies. Overall, the simulation results are very encouraging and show that efficiency gains from including prior information can be substantial relative to existing quantification schemes. Finally, we provide an empirical illustration...
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 13-41
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 13-41
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses survey data in order to analyse and assess the empirical properties of consumers’ inflation expectations in the euro area and explores their role in explaining the observed dynamics of inflation. The probability approach is used to derive quantitative estimates of euro area inflation expectations from the qualitative data from the European Commission’s Consumer Survey. The paper subsequently analyses the empirical properties of the estimated inflation expectations by considering the extent to which they fulfil some of the necessary conditions for rationality. The results suggest an intermediate form of rationality. In particular, the surveyed expectations are an unbiased predictor of future price developments and they incorporate – though not always completely – the information contained in a broad set of macroeconomic variables. In addition, although persistent deviations between consumers’ expectations and the rational outcome have occurred, consumers are shown to rationally adjust their expectations in order to eventually “weed out” any systematic expectational errors...
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research regularly conducts business tendency surveys (BTS) amongst manufacturing firms. The information thus generated is available with a publication lead to the official Swiss sales, production, order and inventory statistics. It is shown that the survey data can be used to generate reasonably precise estimates of the reference series with leads of at least one quarter. Specifically, cross-correlations of quarterly series are computed to screen the data for pairs of highly correlated business tendency survey series and corresponding official statistics. All pairs are identified where the maximum correlation shows up simultaneously or with a lead of the survey based series and exceeds a given threshold...
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282103265
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Edition 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Europa ; Transport
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    ISBN: 9780833035349 , 0833037552 , 9781282451308 , 1282451308 , 0833035347 , 9780833037121 , 9780833037558 , 0833037129
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxix, 525 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Print version Muslim world after 9/11
    Schlagwort(e): September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 ; Islam and politics ; Islamic fundamentalism ; National security ; September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 Influence ; Islam and politics ; Islamic fundamentalism ; National security ; September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2001) ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Government ; International ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) ; Islam and politics ; Islamic fundamentalism ; National security ; International relations ; Islamic countries ; United States ; United States ; Islamic countries ; United States Relations ; Islamic countries Relations ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: The Middle East : the cradle of the Muslim world / David Thaler -- The Maghreb / Rollie Lal -- Turkey : "recessed" Islamic politics and convergence with the west / Ian O. Lesser -- Iran : what future for the Islamic state? / C. Christine Fair -- Islam and politics in Pakistan / C. Christine Fair -- Islam in India / Rollie Lal -- Central Asia : "apocalypse soon" or eccentric survival? / Cheryl Benard -- Southeast Asia : moderate tradition and radical challenge / Angel M. Rabasa -- Islam in West Africa : the case of Nigeria / Peter Chalk -- Muslim diasporas and networks / Theodore Karasik, Cheryl Benard
    Kurzfassung: The Middle East : the cradle of the Muslim world / David Thaler -- The Maghreb / Rollie Lal -- Turkey : "recessed" Islamic politics and convergence with the west / Ian O. Lesser -- Iran : what future for the Islamic state? / C. Christine Fair -- Islam and politics in Pakistan / C. Christine Fair -- Islam in India / Rollie Lal -- Central Asia : "apocalypse soon" or eccentric survival? / Cheryl Benard -- Southeast Asia : moderate tradition and radical challenge / Angel M. Rabasa -- Islam in West Africa : the case of Nigeria / Peter Chalk -- Muslim diasporas and networks / Theodore Karasik, Cheryl Benard
    Anmerkung: "MG-246 , Includes bibliographical references (pages 491-501) and index
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    ISBN: 9780833036537 , 0833057987 , 9781598753752 , 1598753754 , 9780833057983 , 083303653X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxv, 228 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Print version Health status and medical treatment of the future elderly
    Schlagwort(e): Older people Medical care ; Economic aspects ; Medical care Mathematical models ; Older people Health and hygiene ; Forecasting ; Medical care, Cost of Forecasting ; Older people ; Medical care ; Older people ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medicare economics ; Population Dynamics ; Health Expenditures trends ; Health Services for the Aged economics ; Health Planning ; Health Status Aged ; Aged ; Health Planning ; Health Status ; Population Dynamics ; Health Expenditures trends ; Health Services for the Aged economics ; Aged Public Health ; Public Health ; Health & Biological Sciences ; United States ; MEDICAL ; Health Policy ; Medical care, Cost of ; Forecasting ; Medical care ; Mathematical models ; United States ; Electronic book
    Kurzfassung: The ability to predict future health care costs reasonably accurately is critical to planning for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The models used for such projections to date, however, are limited in terms of their capacity to take into account the complex array of factors likely to affect future spending. To improve CMS's ability to map the effects on spending of such factors as medical breakthroughs and demographic trends, RAND Health developed the Future Elderly Model (FEM), a demographic-economic model framework of health spending projections that enables the user to answer "what-if" questions about the effects of changes in health status and disease treatment on future health care costs. What distinguishes the FEM from other models is its inclusion of a multidimensional characterization of health status, which allows the user to include a richer set of demographic controls as well as comorbid conditions and functional status. This report describes the development of the FEM and its application in four clinical areas: cardiovascular disease, the biology of aging and cancer, neurological disease, and changes in health care services. Beside those involved in planning at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, it should be of interest to health policy planners and health economists
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Prospects for medical advances in the 21st century -- The medical expert panels -- The future elderly model (FEM) -- Health expenditures -- Health status -- The health status of future Medicare entering cohorts -- Scenarios -- Usefulness to the Office of the Actuary -- Conclusions.
    Anmerkung: "TR-169-CMS, August 2004, prepared for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services , Includes bibliographical references (pages 214-228)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    ISBN: 9780833036520 , 083304060X , 9781598750737 , 1598750739 , 9780833040602 , 0833036521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 160 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Print version Challenges and potential of a collaborative approach to education reform
    DDC: 371.2/00973
    Schlagwort(e): Collaborating for Education Reform Initiative ; Collaborating for Education Reform Initiative ; School improvement programs Case studies ; Education, Urban Case studies ; Community and school Case studies ; School improvement programs ; Education, Urban ; Community and school ; EDUCATION ; Educational Policy & Reform ; General ; Community and school ; Education, Urban ; School improvement programs ; United States ; Collaborating for Education Reform Initiative ; Case studies ; EDUCATION ; Administration ; General ; Electronic books ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Kurzfassung: Dissatisfied with the results of earlier efforts to improve educational outcomes in U.S. schools, the Ford Foundation developed a program called the Collaborating for Education Reform Initiative (CERI) that provided grants to collaboratives of community-based organizations in urban settings as a way to address systemic barriers to high-quality teaching and learning. Eight collaboratives signed on, and, over four years, the RAND Corporation assessed the progress of the program. The authors of this report found that the eight sites made varying degrees of progress and, while none had reached the final outcomes desired, some of the collaboratives offered considerable promise. Although success is far from certain, by adopting such techniques as clear communication of expectations, engaging school staff, and using data to alter strategies as necessary, collaboratives stand a better chance of becoming self-sustaining and positively affecting student learning
    Kurzfassung: Dissatisfied with the results of earlier efforts to improve educational outcomes in U.S. schools, the Ford Foundation developed a program called the Collaborating for Education Reform Initiative (CERI) that provided grants to collaboratives of community-based organizations in urban settings as a way to address systemic barriers to high-quality teaching and learning. Eight collaboratives signed on, and, over four years, the RAND Corporation assessed the progress of the program. The authors of this report found that the eight sites made varying degrees of progress and, while none had reached the final outcomes desired, some of the collaboratives offered considerable promise. Although success is far from certain, by adopting such techniques as clear communication of expectations, engaging school staff, and using data to alter strategies as necessary, collaboratives stand a better chance of becoming self-sustaining and positively affecting student learning
    Anmerkung: "MG-216 , Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-160)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9780833034892 , 0833036165 , 0833034898 , 9780833036162
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 volume)
    Paralleltitel: Print version Perry, Walt L Exploring information superiority
    DDC: 355.3/3041/0973
    Schlagwort(e): Information warfare ; Command and control systems ; Information warfare ; Command and control systems ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Command and control systems ; Information warfare ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Biological & Chemical Warfare ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Assessing how technology contributes to information superiority and decision dominance a major challenge, in part because it demands quantitative measures for what are usually considered qualitative concepts. The authors have developed a mathematical framework to aid these efforts. Additional work, such as data fitting, experimentation, linking decisions and actions, historical analysis, and gaming will further advance knowledge in this area
    Kurzfassung: Assessing how technology contributes to information superiority and decision dominance a major challenge, in part because it demands quantitative measures for what are usually considered qualitative concepts. The authors have developed a mathematical framework to aid these efforts. Additional work, such as data fitting, experimentation, linking decisions and actions, historical analysis, and gaming will further advance knowledge in this area
    Anmerkung: "MR-1467 , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9780833036599 , 0833036599 , 9780833040657 , 0833040650 , 9781598751154 , 1598751158
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 723 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Print version Expanding the reach of education reforms
    DDC: 371.2/00973
    Schlagwort(e): Educational change ; Education Standards ; School improvement programs ; Educational change ; Education ; School improvement programs ; School improvement programs ; United States ; EDUCATION ; Administration ; General ; Education ; Standards ; Educational change ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Framing the Problem -- Cognitively Guided Instruction: Challenging the Core of Educational Practice-- The National Writing Project: Scaling Up and Scaling Down -- Impediments to Scaling Up Effective Comprehensive School Reform Models -- Scaling Up Success For All: Lessons for Policy and Practice -- Taking Education Programs to Scale: Lessons from the Field -- Reaching for Coherence in School Reform: The Case of America's Choice -- A Different Way of Growing -- Co-nect at the Crossroads: Four Considerations on Getting to Scale -- Scaling Up Turning Points Through Autonomous Regional Centers -- Scaling Up Talent Development High Schools: Lessons Learned from Comprehensive High School Reform -- Taking High Schools That Work to Scale: The Evolution of a High School Reform Program -- The First Few Years of Edison Schools: Ten Lessons in Getting to Scale -- School Districts as Learning Organizations: A Strategy for Scaling Education Reform -- Choices and Consequences in the Bay Area School Reform Collaborative: Building the Capacity to Scale Up Whole-School Improvement Chapter Sixteen: Leveraging the Market to Scale Up School Improvement Programs: A Fee-for-Service Primer for Foundations and Nonprofits -- Summary: Toward a More Systematic Approach to Expanding the Reach of Educational Interventions -- Appendix: Contributors Program Descriptions and Contact Information
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Framing the Problem -- Cognitively Guided Instruction: Challenging the Core of Educational Practice-- The National Writing Project: Scaling Up and Scaling Down -- Impediments to Scaling Up Effective Comprehensive School Reform Models -- Scaling Up Success For All: Lessons for Policy and Practice -- Taking Education Programs to Scale: Lessons from the Field -- Reaching for Coherence in School Reform: The Case of America's Choice -- A Different Way of Growing -- Co-nect at the Crossroads: Four Considerations on Getting to Scale -- Scaling Up Turning Points Through Autonomous Regional Centers -- Scaling Up Talent Development High Schools: Lessons Learned from Comprehensive High School Reform -- Taking High Schools That Work to Scale: The Evolution of a High School Reform Program -- The First Few Years of Edison Schools: Ten Lessons in Getting to Scale -- School Districts as Learning Organizations: A Strategy for Scaling Education Reform -- Choices and Consequences in the Bay Area School Reform Collaborative: Building the Capacity to Scale Up Whole-School Improvement Chapter Sixteen: Leveraging the Market to Scale Up School Improvement Programs: A Fee-for-Service Primer for Foundations and Nonprofits -- Summary: Toward a More Systematic Approach to Expanding the Reach of Educational Interventions -- Appendix: Contributors Program Descriptions and Contact Information
    Anmerkung: "MG-248-FF"--Page 4 of cover , At foot of t.p.: Rand Education , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 227-257
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 227-257
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; New Zealand
    Kurzfassung: This paper fits Markov switching models to quarterly New Zealand aggregate GDP growth rates for the period 1978:1 to 2003:2 in order to analyse changes in mean and volatility over time. The models considered are drawn from a simple class of parsimonious, four state, Markov switching models which encompass a wide range of stationary time series behaviour from linear AR(1) models to non-linear models with persistent cycles and outliers. An overall objective is to use the models to help understand and identify changes in the historical growth performance of New Zealand's small open economy, particularly pre and post wide ranging economic reforms. Conclusions to emerge are that, in contrast to the 1980s, New Zealand GDP growth experienced an unusually long period of time in high growth and low volatility regimes since the early 1990s. In addition, New Zealand does not appear to have ...
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  • 19
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 7-93
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 89 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Influence of Policies on Trade and Foreign Direct Investment
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 7-93
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Ce document évalue l’importance des politiques frontalières et non frontalières pour l’intégration économique mondiale. L’étude est axée sur quatre orientations largement préconisées : supprimer les restrictions explicites du commerce et de l’IDE ; promouvoir la concurrence intérieure ; améliorer la réactivité du marché du travail ; mettre en place des équipements infrastructurels de niveau approprié. L’analyse, qui couvre l’IDE et les échanges de biens et services, s’efforce de rendre compte des principaux mécanismes de mondialisation et de traiter la plupart des modes de fourniture de services transfrontières. En dépit d’une libéralisation généralisée ces deux dernières décennies, il apparaît possible de réduire encore les obstacles de politique économique à l’intégration des marchés de l’OCDE. Les barrières qui subsistent ont un impact notable sur les flux bilatéraux d’échanges et d’IDE, et les estimations donnent à penser que les réglementations intérieures anticoncurrentielles et les dispositions restrictives du marché du travail entravent l’intégration tout autant que les restrictions explicites du commerce et de l’IDE. A en juger par des scénarios de suppression de ces obstacles, une libéralisation plus poussée des échanges, de l’IDE et des marchés intérieurs des produits et du travail pourrait avoir des effets quantitatifs considérables sur l’intégration internationale ...
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  • 20
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 169-254
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 88 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fiscal Relations across Government Levels
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 169-254
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Le transfert de compétences budgétaires aux collectivités territoriales n'a pas toujours procédé de façon linéaire au cours des deux dernières décennies, malgré certains avantages reconnus. La décentralisation peut contribuer au renforcement du processus démocratique, permettre aux collectivités territoriales d'adapter l'offre de services publics aux préférences locales et introduire de la concurrence entre localités, permettant ainsi d'améliorer l'efficience du secteur public. La décentralisation peut néanmoins générer des pertes d'efficacité, rendre difficile la mise en place de politiques redistributives et compliquer la mise en oeuvre de politiques macroéconomiques cohérentes. Du côté des dépenses, la décentralisation peut être sous-optimale dès lors que sont importants les économies d'échelle et les effets de « spillover » géographique – effets fréquents car peu de biens publics sont des biens purement locaux par nature. Du côté des revenus, rares sont les assiettes fiscales qui peuvent être gérées au niveau local sans risquer de mettre en péril les objectifs nationaux ou de soulever des problèmes sérieux de redistribution. Cet article propose un cadre d'analyse des relations budgétaires entre l'État et les collectivités territoriales en s'appuyant sur les expériences mises en place dans différents ...
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 171-191
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 21 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 171-191
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In an important paper, Diebold and Rudebusch (1991) find that, despite good performance for post revision historical versions, the U.S. Index of Leading Economic Indicators (LEI) fails to improve forecasts in real time out-of-sample tests. This paper revisits the issue of real-time performance of the LEI using growth rate forecast specifications. We contrast real-time out-of-sample tests of LEI forecasts using „composition-changing” or „as-published” versions of the LEI with those based on „composition-constant” indexes. The goal is ...
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  • 22
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 185-200
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Vers une harmonisation des estimations de l'investissement en logiciels
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 185-200
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The latest system of national accounts (SNA93) recommended that purchases of software (and any ownaccount production) should be treated as investment as long as the acquisition satisfied conventional asset requirements. This change added about 1 per cent to GDP in most OECD economies in the mid-1990s. However, the range of the revision has been significantly different across countries, leading many observers to question the comparability of these statistics. An OECD task force has formulated a set of recommendations describing a harmonised method for estimating software and this paper provides estimates of changes to GDP levels and growth that might be expected if the OECD recommendations were applied. Estimates of changes are also presented using an alternative harmonised method. Whichever harmonised method is applied, the impact on GDP levels is likely to be significant, and in some countries about 1 per cent of GDP ...
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 93-108
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 93-108
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Methods for continuously monitoring business cycles are compared. A turn in a leading index can be used to predict a turn in the business cycle. Three likelihood based methods for turning point detection are compared in detail by using the theory of statistical surveillance and by simulations. One of the methods is a parametric likelihood ratio method. Another includes a non-parametric estimation procedure. The third is based on a Hidden Markov Model. Evaluations are made of several features such as knowledge of shape and parameters of the curve, types and probabilities of transitions and smoothing. Results on the expected delay time [of](to) a correct alarm and the predictive value of an alarm are discussed...
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  • 24
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Interest rates play a key role in free market economies. According to the Taylor rule, shortterm interest rates depend on deviations of the current inflation rate from a normative value and of the output gap. Given the difficulty of observing the output gap, we postulate that alternative indicators of pressure on capacity should be monitored, especially those obtained from business surveys. Primarily, our work compares those empirically observed capacity utilization figures (CU) with the difference between actual and potential GDP, and tries to assess monetary policy on the basis of these indicators. The analysis of monetary policy is done in the first case by using a simple single equation framework and in a next step by using a more advanced vector autoregressive model. Given the fact that the survey measure of output gap captures only manufacturing and thus omits the important service sector which has a high share in value added we constructed a more comprehensive measure of capacity utilization (CU*). The new indicator is based on CU in manufacturing industry and on the confidence indicator for services...
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  • 25
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this article is to reassess the validity of the consumer confidence (or sentiment) indices in anticipating the evolution of economic activity by considering a fairly high number of countries across the world (i.e. France, Germany, Italy, UK, USA, Japan, Canada and Australia) over a period of about thirty years, from the beginning of the seventies till the end of 2002 (quarterly data). To our knowledge this is the first attempt to analyse the consumer confidence index for several countries over such a long period of time. We model the CSIoutput relationship in a cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) framework, by considering a common set of variables for all countries. Our findings suggest that: (a) what appears to be the main driving forces of consumer confidence cannot be simply summarised on the basis of ...
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123201
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Lithuania
    Kurzfassung: The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) has adopted a new approach to strengthening its work on road safety. It is now working to contribute more effectively to the debate on the improvement of road safety policies by conducting peer reviews of the measures and policies enacted by member countries. Lithuania is the first country to undertake this type of review in the safety field. This review, carried out by experts from Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden and the ECMT Secretariat, is an effective way for Lithuania to openly examine its policies and practices through detailed expert comment, discussion and insight on its activities. The peer review process is used extensively within the OECD and its affiliated organisations, always originating at the request of the country being reviewed. Apart from providing an open appraisal of national policies, the review process should help relevant Ministries obtain needed resources and implement effective policies and practice.
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103197
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (197 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La réforme des taxes et des redevances dans les transports
    DDC: 336.278388094
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the economic principles for efficient systems of taxation and provides a framework for international comparisons of transport taxes and charges. It investigates the price and tax changes likely to result from the reform of transport charges to maximise efficiency, and their impact on motorists, hauliers and users of other transport services. The report also assesses the impact of national differences in taxation on the competitiveness of hauliers internationally.
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    DDC: 362.6094897
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the Finland's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106420
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Czech Republic 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: La République tchèque, à l'aube de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne, a connu une croissance relativement régulière et attiré un flux important d’investissements directs étrangers. L'un des défis majeurs auxquels la République tchèque doit faire face est de préserver le rôle de la région de la capitale de Prague et de ses environs comme moteurs de la croissance de l'économie nationale, tout en assurant un développement adéquat dans d'autres régions. Cette étude examine les sujets suivants : le chômage, l’aide à l’entreprenariat et l’adaptation aux nouvelles technologies ainsi que les obstacles indirects à la mobilité du travail.
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107687
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les flux mondiaux de connaissances et le développement économique
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Global knowledge flows are becoming a key driver of economic development. How can countries develop effective policies to reap benefits? This report aims to answer this question and highlights these key areas: promoting cross-border alliances involving firms and universities; simulating knowledge transfers from foreign direct investment ventures; attracting highly-skilled workers from overseas and creating vibrant innovation systems. This book, published in collaboration with Scottish Enterprise, is for policy makers, practitioners and academics.
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017092
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La evaluacion del desarrollo economico y del empleo a nivel local
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development is one of the few books to examine best practices in evaluating programmes for local and regional economic and employment development. Appropriate for a non-technical readership, this book contains policy proposals for central and local governments aimed at improving the practice of evaluation, enlarging the evidence base for policy and developing a culture of evaluation.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264020412
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Understanding Economic Growth; A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Understanding Economic Growth: A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Particulièrement riche en données factuelles et chiffrées, cet ouvrage est un instrument très précieux d’analyse de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE. Il examine le profil de croissance des pays de l'OCDE cette dernière décennie et identifie les facteurs fondamentaux de la croissance. Il montre en quoi (et pourquoi) les réactions de chaque économie diffèrent face à l’évolution de ces facteurs. L’ouvrage étudie la croissance au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l’entreprise. Il analyse également la contribution des technologies de l’information (TI) à chacun de ces niveaux.Étayé par plus de 50 tableaux et graphiques, l’ouvrage permet de mieux comprendre la véritable nature de la croissance économique. En 2000, à l’apogée de la nouvelle économie, on encensait les TI qui, croyait-on, transformeraient radicalement les économies de l'OCDE et auraient des effets bénéfiques considérables. Mais le récent ralentissement économique a détruit plusieurs des mythes qu’avaient suscités les TI. Quelle est la véritable contribution des TI à la croissance économique ? Comprendre la croissance économique traite de ces questions en profondeur et apporte un nouvel éclairage sur la croissance économique. Dans une nouvelle présentation agréable, l’ouvrage est une introduction idéale pour comprendre la genèse de la croissance économique. Il intéressera un large public d’économistes et d’étudiants en économie. Pour en savoir plus : Les Sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l’OCDE (2003) et Les TIC et la croissance économique : panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE (2003).
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106413
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; République Tchèque 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE: République Tchèque 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: One of the major challenges facing the Czech Republic is to preserve the role of the Capital city Region of Prague and its surroundings as growth engines for the national economy, while ensuring adequate development in other regions. This report examines the performance and potential of the various Czech regions, examines strategies and policies for fostering better regional peformance, and looks at the institutions involved and makes recommendations for their improvement.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108479
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This brochure presents highlights from OECD Forum 2004. It includes texts of keynote speeches and summaries of each session.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299429
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Cet ouvrage nous aide à comprendre les causes des disparités de la croissance d’un pays de l'OCDE à l’autre au cours des vingt dernières années en mettant en évidence et en analysant les facteurs qui les sous-tendent. Tout au long des années 90 et depuis le début de la décennie actuelle, l’évolution de la croissance n’a cessé de balayer les idées reçues. Durant la majeure partie de l’après-guerre, les pays dont le PIB par habitant était relativement faible ont connu une croissance plus rapide que les pays plus riches. Ce schéma est toutefois devenu obsolète à la fin des années 90, lorsque les États-Unis se sont nettement détachés des autres pays. Cette publication donne un aperçu complet des moteurs de la croissance dans la zone OCDE et explique dans quelle mesure les disparités observées sont à rapprocher de facteurs tels que les nouvelles technologies et la R&D, la politique macroéconomique, l’éducation et la formation, la flexibilité du marché du travail, la concurrence sur les marchés de produits et les obstacles à la création d’entreprises ou à leur disparition.
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  • 36
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.412
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the factors influencing the price of oil and its likely evolution over the next quarter century. It begins by investigating the fundamental forces shaping long-term oil price developments, highlighting the importance of growth-led demand for oil, particularly that emanating from fast-growing, energy-intensive developing countries, and the implications of increasingly geographically concentrated oil reserves. The paper presents oil price projections to 2030 and examines the sensitivity of the projections to the assumptions about growth and non-OPEC supply. While certain combinations of factors could lead to a significantly higher oil price, the projections also suggest that the optimal strategy of resource-rich oil producers would be to prevent it rising too far. The paper then documents short-term influences on the oil price, which peaked at $50 a barrel in 2004, and notes that they have probably led to a significant departure from the long-run equilibrium price ...
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020207
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur ; les leçons du passé
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur : les leçons du passé
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The September 11th terrorist attacks, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Hurricane Andrew and the Kobe earthquake are all recent examples of large-scale disasters that have taken a massive toll in human lives, wealth and property. They have disrupted vital systems such as transport and energy supplies and spilled over into neighbouring as well as distant regions. They have also generated widespread anxiety, and in some cases created deep-seated public mistrust of governments' ability to protect their citizens. This book is based on a report prepared between May and July 2003 by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from inside and outside of the OECD. It examines the economic and social impacts of past large-scale disasters, and draws a number of key lessons for the future. Its focus is on better prevention of disasters, and on restoring trust and securing recovery in their aftermath.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282113219
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.125
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'intégration européenne des transports ferroviaires de marchandises
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The Round Table looks at how the European railway landscape is being reshaped. In doing so, it presents lessons which stand to benefit transport policy throughout Europe.
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.403
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: Russia in 2003 embarked on the restructuring of its electricity sector. The reform is intended to introduce competition into electricity production and supply, leaving dispatch, transmission and distribution as regulated natural monopolies with non-discriminatory third-party access to the networks. The ultimate aim of the reform is to create conditions that will encourage both investment in new capacity and greater efficiency of both production and consumption. The overall approach embodied in the reform is promising. However, there remains a serious risk that its aims could be subverted by special-interest lobbying during the lengthy implementation phase. If the reform is to succeed, the marketised segments of the sector must be characterised by real competition based on economically meaningful prices. There are two dangers here. The first is that private-sector interests will secure strategic holdings that allow them to exercise market power or even local monopoly power. The ...
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.382
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Euro Area ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This paper is concerned with how stylised differences in monetary policy transmission mechanisms and product and labour market rigidities between the US and euro-area economies affect their resilience to temporary shocks. To address this issue, a small general equilibrium model with long-run neoclassical and short-run neo-Keynesian features is calibrated to replicate the key properties of the US economy (as in the US Fed’s FRB-US model). To this model, features of the euro area’s financial and then product and labour markets are added sequentially with a view to replicating what is generally agreed are aspects of the functioning of the euro-area economy (as captured by the ECB’s Area-Wide Model). Most of the analysis is conducted assuming identical monetary policy reaction functions, although the sensitivity of the results to this assumption is tested. The results illustrate the importance of adjustment patterns in financial, product and labour markets for economies’ ...
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  • 42
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 108 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.406
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides, for all OECD countries, an estimate of the net tax cost per currency unit of contribution to a tax-favoured retirement savings plan, using a present-value methodology. The latter takes into account the future flows of revenues foregone on accrued income and of revenues collected on benefit withdrawals corresponding to a unit contribution made in a given year. The net tax cost is first calculated for nine (five-year) age groups, which have different relative income levels and investment time horizons, and is then averaged across age groups. In order to take into consideration the relevant country-specific features of savings taxation, the paper also provides an overview of the tax treatment of private pension arrangements and alternative savings vehicles. The results indicate that the size of tax subsidy varies significantly across countries, ranging from nearly 40 cents per unit of contribution (Czech Republic) to around zero (Mexico, New Zealand). Over half of ...
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.409
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gestion des dépenses publiques en France
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France
    Kurzfassung: Since the early 1990s, when France's general government deficit reached a disturbing 6 per cent of GDP, the country's public finances have progressed substantially, even though significantly further improvement is required. This paper examines the tools available to policy-makers to meet this challenge. The clearest message is that, given the relatively small size of the State Budget in total spending, the challenge cannot be met by the State sector alone. Social security, as the principal source of spending pressure, must play a role, but so too must sub-national government -- especially if current plans to transfer additional responsibilities to the local level go through. If policy-makers are to succeed in directing public expenditure so as to create this room, they will have to clarify governance structures so that those who administer programmes face appropriate incentives to control costs and maximise programme efficiency ...
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.379
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the relationship between the output gap and inflation in Japan by estimating Phillips curves and testing for changes since the advent of low inflation and/or the stabilisation of the rate of change of inflation. The work provides empirical support for the hypothesis of a change in the relationship between output and inflation in an environment of low inflation for Japan. In particular, there is evidence that the slope of the Phillips curve becomes flatter when the inflation rate is below ½ per cent (quarter-on-quarter, non-annualised) and also that there has been a break in the relationship between demand pressures and inflation in Japan since the beginning of the 1990s. Evidence is also found that the relationship changes when the inflation rate is either rising rapidly or falling sharply. At such times, changes in demand pressure have stronger effects on inflation. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications, including corrections for the ...
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  • 45
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.393
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides estimates of the implicit fiscal assets as well as of the evolution over time of fiscal costs and revenues related to tax-favoured retirement saving regimes in 17 OECD countries, taking into account current and future contributions, asset accumulation and withdrawals, all of which will be strongly influenced by future demographic developments. The main results show that in the case where tax incentives are assumed to lead essentially to saving diversion rather than creation, the net budgetary cost of tax-favoured schemes would remain large, despite the sharp rise in revenues collected from withdrawals as population ages. The paper shows that this cost would significantly be reduced if tax-favoured schemes succeed in promoting additional private savings. It then explores a number of policy options to maximize the amount of additional saving ...
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.405
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: An ambitious reform to increase efficiency of the Portuguese health care system was launched in 2002. In contrast to previous attempts of gradual reforms, which were never fully implemented, the strategy has been to create a big bang in the health sector, making changes essentially irreversible. The reform has two main aims: to deliver better-quality public health services than at present but at no higher cost; and to reduce the underlying growth rate of public health-care spending over the medium term. New legislation approved includes the separation of the functions of regulation, financing and provision of health care services; setting up new models of financing for providers, which impose harder budget constraints; the introduction of incentives towards productivity, management and quality improvements; the possibility for the private sector to play a larger role in service provision; and the promotion of generic drugs. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the ...
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.391
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses two factors which may cause cyclically-adjusted budget balances to give a misleading picture of underlying fiscal trends. It first explores the implications of recent large asset-market related fluctuations in government revenues for the measurement of structural budget balances. And second, it reviews the impact of the increased recourse to stopgap “one-off” measures to control deficits. The results confirm that since the late 1990s revenues have been more buoyant than would have been warranted by the registered rate of nominal output growth and the impact of tax measures. The study suggests that from 1995 to 2000 the average contribution of “unwarranted” revenues to year-to-year changes in cyclically-adjusted budget positions ranged from negligible to around ½ per cent of GDP, the main countries affected being the United States, the United Kingdom, France and some Nordic countries. Conversely, the subsequent decline in tax receipts has been sharper than could ...
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123140
    Sprache: Russisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Russian Federation
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.378
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in economic growth as it affects economic efficiency and the allocation of resources, and can also lead to improved labour market performance. This paper examines product market competition and economic performance in the European Union. The Community’s competition rules, which apply whenever anti-competitive practices have an implication for cross-border trade, are enforced primarily by the Commission’s Directorate General for Competition, and complement national competition legislation. Reforms have been adopted recently to sharpen the toolkit and to increase the role of national authorities in the enforcement process. However, the toolkit could still be made more effective. Competition policy is complemented by, and partly overlapping with, the regulation of newly liberalised network industries. Despite the EU’s commendable efforts in this area, competition is still undermined by dominant incumbents in some ...
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , Diagramme, Tabellen
    Serie: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2004/01
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Over the past years, non-standard, flexible employment contracts have gained in importance in many OECD countries. This has made it difficult for statisticians to apply standard classifications of working arrangements to measure and analyse labour market developments. This paper presents a new classification of atypical working arrangements, developed by Istat, the Italian Statistical Institute. The paper also uses this classification to quantify the level of atypical jobs and their development between 1996 and 2002 ...
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.397
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the extent to which fiscal policy actions may be offset by simultaneous, anticipatory changes in private saving, as well as the determinants of that offset. The conditions under which private agents will engage in forward-looking consumption-smoothing behaviour are quite strict and unlikely to hold fully in practice. However, based on a sample of at most 21 OECD countries spanning the period 1970-2002, there is strong evidence of partial, yet substantial, offsetting movements in aggregate private and public saving. The overall offset is estimated at between about one-third and one-half, depending on model specification, and applies both to public consumption and revenue shifts. This is consistent with a marked degree of anticipatory private sector behaviour, insofar as the ex ante saving “leakage” embedded in the pure Keynesian or IS/LM type models would be expected to be smaller and apply only to revenues and transfers. Wealth effects, as in the case of rising equity and housing prices, are found to have an important complementary impact on saving, usually in reinforcing the direct saving offset. Initial conditions, as reflected in debt/GDP ratios are also found to influence the size of the offset.
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.384
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, public expenditure in Slovakia was characterised by substantial social transfers and high public sector wage expenses. This paper analyses the main features of Slovakia’s public expenditure system, reviews expenditure trends, and discusses recent reform initiatives. The latter have concerned the introduction of medium-term budget projections, the switch towards performance-based budgeting, the limitation of extra-budgetary funds, the devolution of spending power to sub-central administrative units, changes to the public employment regime, and reforms of the social security system. These initiatives are critically assessed and a number of recommendations concerning implementation and further reform steps are developed ...
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.402
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight control over the sector’s infrastructure and over information flows within it. The sector as it is currently constituted is highly unlikely to be able to sustain sufficient output growth to satisfy both rising export commitments and domestic demand. There is significant potential for accelerating the growth of non-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform advanced in the paper address two sets of issues. First, there is an urgent need to increase transparency in the sector and transfer many of the regulatory functions now performed by Gazprom to state bodies. Secondly, there is a longer-term need for a ...
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.383
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Concurrence sur les marchés de produits et performance économique en Suisse
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in ensuring dynamic economic growth. This paper examines product market competition and its link with economic performance in Switzerland whose growth has been weaker than in most OECD countries since 1980. It shows that substantial progress in reforming product markets can be made in many areas, which would contribute to reduce the excessive price differential vis-à-vis other countries and stimulate growth. These reforms should focus on the legal framework of competition, the network industries, the health sector, the revision of the Domestic Market Act, agriculture, the restriction on parallel imports and, more generally, the opening up of services to foreign competition ...
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264103214
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: En los países miembros de la OCDE resulta sorprendente el espectro, número y crecimiento de los programas de apoyo para la iniciativa empresarial y la microempresa. Buena parte del interés de política por fomentar la iniciativa empresarial se refleja en la convicción de que la creación de nuevas empresas contribuirá a facilitar el logro de importantes objetivos económicos y sociales. El aumento en el ritmo de creación de empresas es hoy una inquietud casi universal para las autoridades locales, al igual que para los gobiernos centrales que desean combatir la marginación económica local. Sin embargo, a pesar del amplio interés de política, pocos estudios han analizado sistemáticamente la relación entre la creación de nuevas empresas y el desarrollo económico local. Esta publicación analiza las principales rutas a través de las cuales la creación de empresas y su desarrollo puede tener un impacto sobre las economías locales. Así, se analiza la evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre la iniciativa empresarial y las economías locales. Asimismo, se demuestra que aunque la creación de empresas puede resultar un componente crucial para el desarrollo económico local, el fomento de la iniciativa empresarial no constituye una panacea para el desarrollo. Por ello, se discuten a profundidad una serie de limitaciones potenciales de las estrategias orientadas hacia la iniciativa empresarial y cómo estas limitaciones pueden contrarrestarse. Este libro presenta detalladas recomendaciones de política tanto en el ámbito gubernamental local como nacional. Las recomendaciones se relacionan con tres ámbitos temáticos: estrategia, financiamiento y diseño de programas. Se espera que estos lineamientos sean de utilidad para los gobiernos centrales y locales en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de programas y estrategias eficaces en términos de costos. En este sentido, la presente publicación describe los tipos de investigación que deben llevarse a cabo para lograr un mejor entendimiento de los temas clave de política.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789282123232
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.124
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politiques spatiales et transports ; Le rôle des incitations réglementaires et fiscales
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politiques spatiales et transports : Le rôle des incitations réglementaires et fiscales
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This ECMT Round Table contains four papers that show how a disconnect between transport policy planning and spatial policy planning and measures have curtailed the effectiveness of transport policy. The papers discuss ways to overcome the lack of coordination between transport and spatial policies and formulate proposals on how fiscal incentives can help to avoid the failure of interjurisdictional co-ordination.
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Kurzfassung: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015326
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les nouvelles formes de gouvernance et le développement économique
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: New forms of governance are emerging. Government, business and civil society are increasingly seeking ways to develop and pursue economic development strategies and solve socio-economic problems jointly. Regional strategic platforms, partnerships, open governments and other agents of change help release the potential of their area thanks to better co-ordination, and adaptation of public policies to local conditions. This book examines how the new forms of governance overcome administrative, political and financial obstacles and impact local prosperity and the quality of life. These new approaches are illustrated with the results of some of the ambitious initiatives taken by Belgium, the Czech Republic, Mexico, Norway, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264016231
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the UK's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
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  • 60
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.395
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The paper set out four types of market structure clusters (based on an OECD benchmark) to assess different entry barriers, both endogenous and policy-induced that may affect the ability of enterprises in emerging countries to penetrate international markets. This framework is then applied to analyse the trade specialisation of Argentina, Brazil and Chile (ABC) compared to that of three OECD countries, Ireland, Korea and Mexico ...
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  • 61
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.401
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In recent years the euro area has shown less resilience to the negative and largely OECD-wide common shocks than the English-speaking countries, but most of the smaller euro area countries have fared better than the large ones. This paper reviews policy issues that are important in fostering a speedy adjustment to shocks. We argue that the small countries are well placed to adjust swiftly to asymmetric shocks, because they are well integrated with the rest of the area. An activist fiscal policy is not needed and also not powerful enough to smooth the cycle. However, asset bubbles are a cause of concern as their limited weight means that the common monetary policy is more likely to be out of line with their cyclical position. Large countries are less well placed to cope with shocks and sluggish adjustment can be expected. Reforms should focus on raising trade linkages via the completion of the single market, on improving wage and price flexibility and on making their housing markets ...
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  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.394
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The paper examines the linkages between housing markets and the business cycle in OECD countries, focusing on how differences in the degree of resilience to economic shocks can be affected by the structural characteristics of housing and mortgage markets. The paper focuses specifically on: the transmission channel from housing wealth to consumption and on the factors behind house price variability, which help to determine whether the housing sector plays a stabilising role or not. Estimates of the marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth are presented for ten OECD countries, where it is found that the strongest impact on consumption is in countries that have large, efficient and responsive mortgage markets. Particularly important in this regard is the degree of mortgage market “completeness” -- i.e. the extent to which the market is able to offer a variety of products and to serve a broad range of potential borrowers -- in particular, the extent to which they provide ...
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.385
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses the extent to which the fall in risk premia of a number of financial assets, which occurred throughout 2003, was due to improvements in factors specific to individual markets at that time or to general economic fundamentals coupled with OECD-wide abundant liquidity. Regarding the latter two factors, principal component analysis was used here to identify a common trend in risk premia in equity, corporate bond and emerging markets since early 1998. The analysis finds that both economic fundamentals and liquidity have played a statistically significant role in driving the common factor. It also finds that liquidity (measured as the GDP weighted average of M3 of the three major economies less its trend) performs better than similarly weighted short-term interest rates. By spring 2004, the common factor in different risk premia had fallen below what could be explained by economic fundamentals and liquidity ...
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.410
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the state of the Russian banking sector in 2004 and assesses the most important reform initiatives of the last two years, including deposit insurance legislation, a major reform of the framework for prudential supervision, steps to increase transparency in the sector, and measures to facilitate the development of specific banking activities. The overall conclusion that emerges from this analysis is that the Russian authorities’ approach to banking reform is to be commended. The design of the reform strategy reflects an awareness of the need for a ‘good fit’ between its major elements, and the main lines of the reform address some of the principal problems of the sector. The major lacuna in the Russian bank reform strategy concerns the future of state-owned banks. Despite a long-standing official commitment to reducing the role of the state – and of the Bank of Russia in particular – in the ownership of credit institutions, there is still a need for a much more ...
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264015005
    Sprache: Slowakisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Slovak Republic 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: SPECIAL FEATURERationalising public spending
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264101142
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (117 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE ; Rapport sur les États-Unis 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur les États-Unis 2003
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This report surveys the legal provisions and the institutions in place in the United States to combat bribery of foreign public officials and evaluates their effectiveness. It examines the mechanisms introduced, in both the public and private sectors, to prevent and detect acts of bribery of foreign public officials. It also reviews the effectiveness of mechanisms for investigating and prosecuting the offence of bribery of foreign public officials and related offences such as fraud and money-laundering. The report concludes with specific recommendations regarding prevention and detection, as well as prosecution and punishment. Key legal provisions to deter, prevent and fight corruption as submitted by the United States to the review process are also included.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789282113226
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.125
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. European Integration of Rail Freight Transport
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.:
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: European Integration of Rail Freight Transport
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Europäische Union ; Verkehrspolitik ; Eisenbahngüterverkehr ; Eisenbahnnetz ; Integration
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table Ronde examine précisément la recomposition du paysage ferroviaire européen. Elle en tire des leçons précieuses pour la politique des transports en Europe.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264019171
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Die in den neunziger Jahren und auch noch zu Beginn dieses Jahrzehnts beobachteten Wachstumsmuster haben die früheren Theorien auf den Kopf gestellt. Während des größten Teils der Nachkriegszeit wurde in den OECD-Ländern mit vergleichsweise geringem Pro-Kopf-BIP ein stärkeres Wirtschaftswachstum verzeichnet als in den reicheren Ländern. In den neunziger Jahren wurde diese scheinbare Gesetzmäßigkeit dann aber durchbrochen. Namentlich die Vereinigten Staaten, deren Pro-Kopf-BIP im Vergleich zu den anderen großen Volkswirtschaften bereits relativ hoch war, konnten ihren Vorsprung ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre weiter vergrößern. Die Wirtschaftsleistung der meisten kontinentaleuropäischen Länder ist demgegenüber nach wie vor schwach, und die japanische Wirtschaft stagniert weiterhin. Wo liegen die Hauptursachen für die Wachstumsunterschiede innerhalb der OECD? Bis zu welchem Grad sind sie auf neue Technologien und FuE zurückzuführen? Welche Rolle spielt die makroökonomische Politik? Wie wichtig sind Aus- und Weiterbildung? Welchen Einfluss haben Arbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmarktflexibilität und Produktmarktwettbewerb? Führen Startups dem Markt Kapital und neue Ideen zu? Welche Bedeutung haben die Hemmnisse für Unternehmensgründungen und ‑aufgaben? Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über diese Fragen und liefert neue Erkenntnisse über die Antriebskräfte des Wirtschaftswachstums in den OECD-Ländern.
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017047
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the Italy's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105980
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Montréal, Canada 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE: Montréal, Canada 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: Metropolitan areas in many OECD countries are fragmented into various territorial units, which do not correspond to the larger geography of economic and social problems. While the ensuing mismatch is not a new phenomenon, increasingly, fragmentation appears as one of the root causes of metropolitan dysfunctions, such as internal fiscal disparities, urban sprawl, and spatial polarisation, which in turn constitute an obstacle for competitiveness. This review examines the case of the metropolitan region of Montreal which has undergone one of the most radical institutional reforms in OECD countries. On the one hand, the amalgamations of municipalities led to the creation of the two new cities of Montreal and Longueuil. On the other hand, a new metropolitan body was set up to cover the whole functional and economic area — the Montreal Metropolitan Community (CMM). These institutional reforms provide a valuable opportunity to meet the challenges of Montreal's competitiveness. The new governance framework needs however to be consolidated, especially with regards to clarification of competencies and fiscal responsibilities and resources. Streamlining institutional structures and fiscal resources will not be enough. Implementing and not simply elaborating a comprehensive economic strategy for the whole metropolitan region will be the main challenge for Montreal in the following years.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 ; quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 : quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, media attention has focused almost exclusively on spectacular space missions. However, space actors have also faced their fair share of setbacks: the Columbia tragedy, extravagant cost overruns and painful reductions in public support to space ventures.Over the years, advances in space technologies have led to the development of increasingly sophisticated military and civil space assets. Where is the space sector heading now? What are the obstacles to its further development? What are its future prospects? What are the applications that are likely to be successful in the future? To answer these questions, this report adopted a scenario-based approach to explore the future evolution of major components of the space sector (military space, civil space, commercial space) over the next thirty years. It covers four major factors of change: geopolitical developments, socio-economic developments, energy and the environment, technology. "Outstanding review, especially useful for the three sophisticated scenarios, useful to many futurists." Future Survey, August 2004.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264019331
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique ; Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique : Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This book is a unique tool providing facts, figures and analysis of economic growth in OECD countries. The analysis focuses on the growth patterns of OECD countries during the last decade and identifies the fundamental drivers of growth. It also looks at how and why countries react differently to these drivers. It examines growth at the macro-economic level, industry level and firm level and also analyses the contribution of information technology (IT) at each of these levels. Packed with over 50 tables and figures, the book provides unique data to better understand the reality of economic growth.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789282113103
    Sprache: Russisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy; Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports ; Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy: Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports : Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.387
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. However, in Japan the promotion of competition has long been compromised by ministerial guidance and exemptions from the competition law. Thus, the level and growth of productivity have been low in many domestically oriented sectors and consumer welfare has suffered under high prices and the slow introduction of new goods and services. This misallocation of resources contributes to explaining why the Japanese economy had difficulty in coming out of the quasi-stagnation of the past decade. Recognising that gains from more pro-competition policies are substantial, the Japanese government has now made the promotion of competitive markets a cornerstone of its economic policy. Reforms to promote product market competition in Japan should inter alia focus on strengthening the legal framework by increasing fines to a deterrent level and introducing cartel destabilising measures, such as a leniency ...
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.398
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Regulatory reform efforts in a broad range of industries have resulted in increased importance of competitive forces as a means to allocate resources and improve economic efficiency. A number of indicators suggest that such forces have been stronger in the United States than in most other OECD countries for some time. This has contributed to sizeable productivity gains and good economic performance over the past decade or so. Nonetheless, despite the generally pro-competitive thrust of policies, a number of challenges remain. Although there are few sectors of the economy from which competition policy and law are completely excluded, given the high risk of sanctions and damages for violation, many anomalous exemptions and special regimes have found their way into US legislation. Contrary to other OECD countries, government related firms are exempted from competition enforcement. Intellectual property rights create special challenges for competition policy and some problems have followed their strengthening over the past two decades, such as the soaring cost of patent litigation. The generally favourable experience with deregulation created pressures for liberalisation in network industries, where the United States has rather been a laggard, at least in the electricity sector. Reforms in the 1990s have entailed some positive results but also some setbacks, reflecting both the difficulties in ensuring competition in such industries and policy mistakes.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.407
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Innovationsfähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Key indicators show Germany belonging to the countries in the OECD with strong innovation activity even though some weakening in Germany’s position relative to other OECD countries has occurred recently. While the redirection of resources towards unification-related spending as well as low economic growth have contributed to this development, more fundamental structural issues have also played a role. Germany has benefited less than other high-performing countries from the surge in new technologies, such as ICT and biotechnology, as innovation activities continue to focus on sectors, such as machinery and automobiles, in which Germany has a long record of strong export performance. Some features of the regulation of capital, product and labour markets are hampering the supply of risk capital, the creation of new firms and the reallocation of labour. In addition, firms are finding it increasingly difficult to recruit highly qualified labour. Measures to improve the framework ...
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  • 77
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.390
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United States
    Kurzfassung: In this paper the OECD’s interlink model is used to explore several possible channels through which a narrowing of the US current account deficit could occur. The shocks considered include dollar depreciation, fiscal consolidation, and an improvement in the non-price competitiveness of US producers. A key conclusion is that shocks would have to be very large in order to materially reduce the US external deficit. In part, this is because second-round effects, including domestic policy responses, tend to offset the shocks’ initial impact. In addition, it is clear that each of the channels for narrowing the deficit involves risks to growth in the rest of the world, particularly in Japan where the authorities have limited room to use monetary or fiscal policy to offset any contractionary pressures. The exchange rate simulations highlight the fact that more exchange rate flexibility in Asia would spread the burden of adjustment more evenly across US trading partners. Attention is also ...
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.411
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Euro Area
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the determinants of money demand (M3) in the euro area. It specifically examines the potential impact of financial and housing wealth on money demand. It tests the hypothesis, whether wealth associated with increases in asset prices is used to finance liquidity holdings in a standard portfolio context. Regressing velocity on interest rates and a wealth variable (a composite of residential property and stocks) within an error-correction framework provides evidence of positive wealth effects from financial and housing assets on money demand in the long run, but no significant impact in the short run. Tests suggests that the long-run and dynamic money demand equations are stable and have not been disrupted by the adoption of the euro on 1 January 1999, while the impact of wealth on money demand may have increased ...
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  • 79
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.380
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. This paper presents a reform strategy for progress in this direction, based on detailed country reviews for over twothirds of OECD countries. Three main areas for action are identified: the budget process; management practices and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.400
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: After the launch of the single currency the euro exchange rate fell and interest rates had converged towards the (low) German level. These shocks have worked out differently for the small and large countries. Housing markets have acted as an important vehicle of transmission of these shocks onto economic activity and inflation. Simulations with a stylised econometric model for the euro area economy, making a distinction between the small and large countries in terms of the estimated parameters, illustrate this mechanism ...
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.414
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: With almost 50 per cent of the working age population not working, improving labour market performance represents an essential and daunting challenge for Poland. While some of today’s joblessness is cyclical in nature, most of it appears to be structural. This paper argues that to increase employment levels policy will need to focus on reducing significantly the inactivity traps inherent in the Polish personal transfer system, while improving the efficiency and targeting of social transfers to ensure resources flow to those truly in need. Simultaneously, efforts must be extended to increase firms' propensity to hire the outof-work, by lowering the costs of low-skill labour, reducing associated administrative and regulatory costs and in the longer term by providing graduates with more relevant skills. This paper outlines reforms in each of these areas which, if implemented, would serve to reverse the recent decline in employment and improve the fairness of income ...
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  • 82
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.396
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on real exchange rates, as defined by the relative price of nontradables to tradables in Argentina, Brazil, Chile (ABC) and Mexico from 1990 to 2002. The real exchange rate is determined in the long-run by the Balassa-Samuelson effect, but in the medium run also by government expenditure and terms of trade. Another determinant is fixed exchange rate regimes, which force exporters to adjust their local price of tradables. Moreover, fixed regimes attract portfolio inflows that increase demand and prices for nontradables. The econometric results of the paper confirm the impact of exchange rate regimes on relative prices in all countries except Chile, which maintained exchange rate flexibly and adopted capital controls ...
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Knowledge management
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.399
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Maintaining rapid economic growth depends increasingly on productivity gains, particularly in the service sector. Competition has an important role to play in achieving such gains. However, Korea’s development strategy has tended to weaken competition and has left a legacy of government intervention. Strengthening competition requires upgrading competition policy, increasing openness to international trade and foreign direct investment and improving the regulatory framework in network industries. In particular, the power of the Korea Fair Trade Commission should be expanded, while raising the level of sanctions and scaling back special treatment for certain sectors. Barriers to imports remain above the OECD average, particularly in agriculture, while the stock of inward direct investment is among the lowest in the OECD area. Restructuring plans in the network industries, notably electricity and gas, have lagged behind schedule. Price distortions and the absence of independent ...
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.381
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Hungary
    Kurzfassung: The establishment of competitive markets has been one of the cornerstones Hungarian economic policy over the past decade, alongside a successful strategy of attracting foreign investment. Broad statistical measures show no signs of endemically weak domestic competition, though the country’s relatively low productivity among domestic business likely signals some sheltering from international competition. The generally healthy level of competition is partly because competition legislation and its enforcement are of a good standard. Nevertheless, room for improvement is suggested in a number of areas. In particular, it is argued that individuals should be able to initiate legal actions directly, i.e. without having to proceed via the competition authority. And, it is suggested that sanctions against individuals in hard-core cartel cases are introduced. In examining specific sectors, this paper is critical of the pace of progress towards competition in the network industries. The rail ...
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.389
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Norway
    Kurzfassung: Norwegian growth has been strong over the past decade. This development has been supported by the off-shore sector, but depleting oil reserves implies that growth will have to rely increasingly on the mainland economy. Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. Recognising the benefits of competition, the government wants to introduce regulatory reforms to stimulate economic growth. However, the promotion of competition has often conflicted with other policy objectives, such as maintaining a regionally dispersed population and a high degree of public ownership. This has lead to weak competition in a number of sectors, resulting in high prices, weak innovative activity and inefficient resource allocation. Reforms to promote product market competition in Norway should therefore inter alia focus on separating the public sector’s roles and functions as owner and regulator. This requires an increase in the independence of sector ...
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.386
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: Immigration could offer one way for Denmark to expand its labour supply, thereby lowering the dependency ratio, at least for some time, and easing the task of ensuring fiscal sustainability. However, these beneficial effects are obtained only if immigrants are in work. Yet a significant proportion of immigrants have found it quite difficult to get work in Denmark, while the country has been relatively unattractive to high-skilled foreigners. Furthermore, the structure of the economy not only makes it difficult for low-skilled foreigners to gain a foothold in the labour market, but also provides generous social benefits that have caught many of the least skilled immigrants in a benefit trap. A heightened appreciation of these problems, including a tighter focus on the economic situation of the immigrants already present, have underpinned the main changes in policies on immigration in recent years ...
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.404
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an in depth analysis of Russia’s recent growth, with a view to understanding the prospects for its continuation. It examines in detail the main drivers of growth, as well as the main developments and policies that have been underlying it. A key finding is that the role of the oil sector, and particularly privately owned oil companies, has been vastly more important in driving economic growth since 2001 than most analyses have recognised. The oil sector’s contribution to growth has hitherto been severely underestimated as official data do not account for transfer pricing and thus fail to reflect fully the importance of the hydrocarbon sector in the Russian economy. The paper further argues that prudent postcrisis fiscal policy, by balancing the federal budget over the oil-price cycle, has also been essential for creating a macroeconomic environment conducive to strong growth. Looking forward, it is argued that - given its economic structure - Russia is bound to ...
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.388
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: Vigorous product market competition plays a central role in bolstering productivity growth. Sweden has strengthened competition legislation and deregulated a number of sectors, including electricity, telecommunications and parts of transport, over the past 10 to 15 years. This paper examines the current state of product market competition and proposes further measures. A stronger institutional framework would facilitate identification and elimination of anti-competitive behaviour, such as hard-core cartels. Efforts to inject effective competition into a range of network industries have been broadly successful, but specific measures could increase competition in several sectors, such as retail and construction. There is also room to boost competition in Sweden’s large and decentralised public sector and in its interactions with the private sector, so that competitive neutrality applies to all public sector activities ...
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.413
    Schlagwort(e): Wettbewerbspolitik ; Wettbewerbsrecht ; Deregulierung ; Finnland ; Economics ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: Following the deep recession in the early 1990s growth has been strong, but the scope for economic catch-up remains considerable and cross-country empirical evidence suggests that enhancing competition is an important means of achieving this. Structural reforms to strengthen competition in the early 1990s did boost growth and were also ahead of similar developments in the EU. However, indicators suggest that relatively weak competition remains in a number of sectors. Moreover, potential competition is reduced by a sparse population and relative long distances to large markets, which together with the prevalence of local monopolies and public ownership in many network industries, point to the need for greater vigilance to sustain and promote competition. Further reforms to promote product market competition should focus on fundamental changes in the regulatory approach as well as more incremental measures to intensify competition. The competition authority should concentrate ...
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264105997
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Montreal, Canada 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Montreal, Canada 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: Dans de nombreux pays de l'OCDE, les zones métropolitaines sont morcelées en diverses unités territoriales qui ne correspondent pas à la zone géographique plus large où se posent les problèmes économiques et sociaux. Si le déséquilibre qui en découle n'est pas un phénomène nouveau, le morcellement apparaît de plus en plus comme une des causes majeures des dysfonctionnements des grandes villes comme les disparités fiscales internes, l’étalement urbain et la polarisation spatiale qui constituent à leur tour un obstacle à la compétitivité. Ce rapport examine le cas de la région métropolitaine de Montréal qui a connu l'une des plus audacieuses réformes institutionnelles parmi les pays de l'OCDE. D'un côté, on a procédé à des fusions de municipalités pour créer deux nouvelles villes : Montréal et Longueuil. De l'autre, la grande région économique fonctionnelle s'est dotée d'une nouvelle structure, la Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal, représentant 63 municipalités. Ces réformes institutionnelles constituent une occasion appréciable de relever le défi de la compétitivité de Montréal. Certains aspects du nouveau cadre de gouvernance métropolitaine demandent cependant à être consolidés, en particulier en ce qui concerne la clarification des compétences, des responsabilités et des ressources fiscales. La rationalisation des structures institutionnelles et des ressources fiscales ne sera toutefois pas suffisante. La mise en œuvre, et pas seulement l’élaboration, d’une stratégie économique globale pour toute la région métropolitaine constituera pour Montréal le principal défi à relever dans les années à venir. L’Examen Territorial de Montréal s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’examens territoriaux nationaux et thématiques, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements dans trois domaines: la gouvernance à plusieurs niveaux, le développement durable aux échelons régional et local, et les réseaux régionaux au service de la compétitivité.
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.408
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: This article investigates issues related to industrial restructuring in Russia. Based on extensive sectoral data it examines, more particularly, levels and changes in labour productivity, unit labour costs and revealed comparative advantages for a large number of Russian industrial sectors. The main findings are the following. First, impressive increases in labour productivity have been achieved since 1997, especially during the post-crisis period. Secondly, this has been true for all major sectors, with the exception of those which are still predominantly state controlled or which suffer from strong state interference. Thirdly, there have been significant relative adjustments within the industrial sector, as labour productivity increased more in less productive sectors. Since the crisis, relative unit labour costs have also adjusted considerably, as less competitive sectors experienced relatively slower wage growth and larger labour force reductions. Fourthly, international ...
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264101166
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Serie: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on the United States 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on the United States 2003
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Les États-Unis ont été le premier pays à mettre hors la loi les actes de corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales commis par leurs ressortissants et par les sociétés relevant de leur droit grâce à l’adoption du Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) de 1977. Vingt ans plus tard, les États-Unis ont signé, en compagnie de trente-quatre autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption). Le Congrès des États-Unis a réagi à la signature de la Convention en amendant le FCPA en octobre 1998. Par la suite, les États-Unis ont ratifié la Convention de l’OCDE et déposé leur instrument de ratification auprès de l’OCDE à la fin de 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place aux États-Unis pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par les États-Unis lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par les États-Unis des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.392
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: After nearly fifteen years of transition, the countries of Central Europe have entered the European Union on 1 May 2004. For the four countries that are members of the OECD (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovak Republic), accession follows multiyear efforts of economic stabilisation and structural transformation, which have brought them large benefits. Although convergence towards higher levels of income appears to be a distant prospect at current trend growth rates, this is not a predetermined outcome. The experience of prior entrants suggests that much leeway is available within the framework of the European Union to undertake pro-growth policies. The most promising prospect in this respect appears to reside with employment creation, which has been so far lacking and led to a rather imbalanced pattern of growth. Bringing down labour taxes, easing employment protection legislation and reducing out-of-work benefits would make important contributions in this respect. While ...
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018327
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Territorial Review of Mexico City highlights the region’s great potential for further growth, which is linked to the concentration of headquarters, educational establishments and research facilities, as well as high levels of FDI and rich cultural resources. However, it also reveals that this growth is constrained by low levels of human capital, inadequate infrastructure and widespread, acute poverty. The current governance framework, characterised by modest co-operation, also remains a sticking point for the region’s development.
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  • 97
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.371
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In the face of the substantial ageing of population expected to occur in OECD countries over coming decades, policies that boost labour-force participation attract considerable interest. There remain large cross-country divergences in participation rates that are largely accounted for by differences in participation of specific groups, in particular prime-age women, older workers and also youth. This suggests that policies targeting these groups could have important effects. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the potential impact of several policy reforms is able to attenuate or to offset the adverse trend in aggregate participation rates that would otherwise occur because of ageing population. It uses a simple dynamic modelling framework that generates longer-term projections of participation rates and labour supplies in OECD countries and alternative scenarios of policy reforms. The main outcome of this analysis is that the combined effect of possible reforms targeting ...
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108493
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2004; Forum Highlights
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264298842
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (69 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2002; Forum Highlights
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2002: Forum Highlights
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015951
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (223 p.)
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: This review outlines the key issues which will be important in shaping the future development of Athens, identifies trends in governmental policies and highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Athens Region. Three policy areas identified as requiring particular attention have been examined: Enhancing economic development and the competitiveness of the Athens Region; Improving governance, in particular spatial planning and implementing regulatory reforms; and capturing benefits of the Olympic Games in the post-Olympic period.
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