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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,714)
  • KOBV  (9)
  • Bayreuth UB  (4)
  • HU Berlin
  • English  (1,716)
  • 2005-2009  (1,716)
  • World Bank  (1,090)
  • Safari, an O’Reilly Media Company.  (626)
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Material
Language
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Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : TSO | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780113310609
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (166 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This publication has been designed to be a role specific handbook for senior managers and project board members, which describes how to oversee projects, The guide sets PRINCE2 in the wider context of project management (but still non-specific for industry sector) and describes or cross-references techniques which support the PRINCE2 method. being managed using PRINCE2.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 16, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378007 , 9780821378007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 244 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.196/979200954
    RVK:
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; Demography Statistics ; Developing Countries Statistics ; Financing, Government statistics & numerical data ; HIV Infections Statistics economics ; HIV Infections epidemiology ; AIDS (Disease) ; Demography ; Developing Countries ; Financing, Government ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections
    Description / Table of Contents: Dynamics of the HIV epidemic in South Asia / David Wilson and Mariam ClaesonResponding to HIV in Afghanistan / Jed Friedman and Edit V. Velenyi -- Development impact of HIV and AIDS in South Asia / Markus Haacker -- Economic cost of HIV and AIDS in India / Sanghamitra Das, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay, and Tridip Ray -- The fiscal burden of AIDS treatment on South Asian health care systems / Mead Over -- Recurrent costs of India's free ART program / Indrani Gupta, Mayur Trivedi, and Subodh Kandamuthan.
    Note: Errata slip inserted , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377825 , 0821377833 , 9780821377826 , 9780821377833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 171 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Health, nutrition, and population series
    DDC: 362.109597
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Vietnam's health system since DOI MOIRecent trends in Vietnam's health sector performance -- Health insurance -- Reforming health insurance -- Service delivery -- Reforming service delivery -- Decentralization and government stewardship.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 0821379194 , 0821379232 , 9780821379196 , 9780821379233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 163 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 163
    DDC: 332/.042
    Keywords: Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379820 , 9780821379837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.1/04257
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services
    Description / Table of Contents: China's health challenges at the start of the new millenniumThe rural health reforms of the 2000s -- Looking toward a new decade : the big picture -- Financing rural insurance coverage -- Improving service delivery : a question of incentives -- Enhancing accountability and incentives in public health -- The longer-term reform agenda.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-238) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137799X , 9780821377994
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 180 pages) , illustrations , 27 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330.91724
    Keywords: Economic forecasting ; Economic forecasting ; Economic history 1990- ; International economic relations ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 7
    ISBN: 0821377906 , 0821379143 , 9780821377901 , 9780821379141
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 100 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    DDC: 338.3/727
    Keywords: Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Description / Table of Contents: Global trends in fisheriesThe economic performance of world marine capture fisheries -- Estimate of net economic loss in the global marine fishery -- Results -- The way forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9780821376454 , 9780821378250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 160 pages) , illustrations, maps , 27 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Water resources development ; Water-supply
    Abstract: Introduction -- Water scarcity in China : current situation -- Water resources management in China : an overview of determinant variables -- Improving water governance -- Deepening water rights administration and developing water markets -- Improving efficiency and equity in water pricing -- Protecting ecosystems in river basins through market-oriented eco-compensation instruments -- Controlling water pollution -- Preventing water pollution disasters -- Summary, action plan and issues for the future.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152) and index
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821374443 , 9780821377406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 308 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.1/042
    Keywords: Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Equality ; Health services accessibility ; Health aspects ; Poor ; World health ; Medical care ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Cross-cultural studies ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: An unacceptable realityApproaching a complex and persistent problem -- The importance of "listening" -- A menu of pro-poor policies -- Brazil, filling the cracks in universal coverage -- Cambodia: contracting with nongovernmental organizations to serve the poor -- Cambodia: health equity fund for the poor -- Chile: integrated services program for the poor -- Colombia: expanding health insurance for the poor -- India: community-based health care services -- Indonesia: health cards for the poor -- Kenya: expanding immunization reach through campaigns -- The Kyrgyz Republic: health financing reform and the poor -- Mexico: paying the poor to use health services -- Mexico: providing subsidized health insurance to the poor -- Nepal: participatory planning -- Rwanda: community-based health insurance -- Tanzania: social marketing for malaria prevention -- Vigilance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-294) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.9
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is one of a series of pocket-sized books intended to provide a quick reference to development data on different topics. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 provides data for more than 20 key indicators on business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821375695 , 0821375709 , 9780821375693 , 9780821375709
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 v. in 1) , ill , 29 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.1068/4
    Keywords: Money laundering ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Money laundering ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Money laundering ; Terrorism ; Terrorism
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Effects on economic development and international standards2. Legal requirements to meet international standards -- 3a. Regulatory and institutional requirements for AML/CFT -- 3b. Compliance requirements for financial institutions -- 4. Building an effective financial intelligence unit -- 5. Domestic (inter-agency) and international cooperation -- 6. Combating the financing of terrorism -- 7. Investigating money laundering and terrorist financing.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378489
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.90511
    Abstract: Now in its eigth edition, this pocket-sized reference on key development data for over 200 countries provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators about people, environment, economy, technology and infrastructure, trade, and finance
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376683 , 9780821376683
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 145 pages) , illustrations , 26 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 337.611
    Keywords: Economic forecasting ; Tunisia Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-145)
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  • 14
    ISBN: 0821377159 , 0821377175 , 9780821377154 , 9780821377178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 98 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Trends and policy options no. 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 333.793/2
    Keywords: Electric utilities Management ; Public utilities Management ; Evaluation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Water utilities Management
    Note: "Helping to eliminate poverty through private involvement in infrastructure." , Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91) and index
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380230 , 0821380249 , 9780821380239 , 9780821380246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 117 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.6/420984
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business Management ; Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business Management ; Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business
    Abstract: This book presents qualitative and quantitative analyses on Bolivia's informal sector, the reasons why firms are informal, and the impact of normalization on their profitability. The analysis finds that the impact of tax registration on profitability depends on firm size and the ability to issue tax receipts, and presents a set of prioritized policy implications for policy makers. In the short term, the first priority should be to increase the benefits of formalization through training, access to credit and markets, and business support. The second is to increase information on how to formalize and its benefits. In the medium term, the priority is to simplify formalization, regulatory and taxation procedures and reduce their costs. Increasing even-handed enforcement of taxation and regulation is also important but not a priority for micro and small firms. Measures to boost the productivity of micro and small firms in general will both help overall economic growth, employment, and, formalization.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : increasing formality and productivity of Bolivian firmsThe informal sector in Bolivia today -- The productivity of micro and small firms -- Informality and profitability in micro and small firms -- Policy recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 0821378503 , 9780821378502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxix, 127 p) , ill. (some col.), map , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; World Bank ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Economic development ; Energy policy ; Environmental policy ; Economic aspects ; Government policy ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation
    Note: "Kenneth Chomitz was the evaluation manager and main author for this study"--P. xiii , At head of title: IEG World Bank , Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank | [Tunisia] : Infrastructure Consortium for Africa | [Washington, D.C.] : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    ISBN: 0821377302 , 0821377310 , 9780821377307 , 9780821377314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 111 pages) , color illustrations , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 658.15/224
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments, Foreign ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104) and index
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378786 , 9780821379370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 194 p) , ill. , col. maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.75096711
    Keywords: Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests
    Description / Table of Contents: The historic and environmental contextThe advent of forest reform -- Objectives and content of the reforms -- A summary of impacts -- In-depth analysis of impacts -- Ten years of forest sector reform.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137754X , 0821377558 , 9780821377543 , 9780821377550
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 pages) , color illustrations , 27 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 332.1/75086942096
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Financial services industry ; Microfinance
    Abstract: Overview -- Banking the poor -- Starting to bank -- Adding customer services -- Building branchless banking -- Promoting access to banking -- Extending credit to entrepreneurs -- Increasing disclosure -- Data sources and methodology.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76)
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  • 20
    ISBN: 0821380176 , 0821380192 , 9780821380178 , 9780821380192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlix, 311 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 337.1/729
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy
    Abstract: The main objective of this report is to help policymakers in the Caribbean design an agenda of policy actions to accelerate trade integration and growth, and to reduce poverty. Each part of the report focuses on a key question and provides an in-depth analysis of the issues raised, laying the foundations for policy recommendations described in the last chapter of the report. Part I asks whether the Caribbean's economic and trade system are sound enough to sustain the new era of its global trade relations. Part II addresses the opportunities and challenges that the new trade environment offers to the Caribbean. Part III assesses the impact of the recently-negotiated Economic Partnership Agreement on growth and poverty reduction using two types of macroeconomic models. The report concludes with policy priorities for accelerating Caribbean integration into the world economy and for reaping the benefits of global competition.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Overview of economic and trade system context. Macroeconomic and structural constraints on trade reform in the CaribbeanCaribbean regional and global trading relations -- Trade patterns and flows, and competitiveness issues -- pt. 2. Challenges and new opportunities. New areas of opportunities and challenges -- Capitalizing on a changing international environment -- pt. 3. Quantifying the impact of trade reform on growth, job creation, and poverty. Quantifying the gains from global trade integration : a dynamic macroeconomic analysis -- From diagnosis to policy recommendations.
    Note: "Document of the World Bank and the Organization of American States, co-produced with the Governments of CARIFORUM Countries , Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-311)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380060 , 0821380079 , 9780821380062 , 9780821380079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxix, 167 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 338.4/33621009598
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform economics ; Insurance, Health economics ; National Health Programs economics ; Population Dynamics ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; Population Dynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: Socioeconomic and health systems contextIndonesia's health financing system -- Assessment of health financing performance -- Key policy issues, options, and costs -- Policy options : finding resources for health -- Conclusions and next steps.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 0821378740 , 0821378759 , 9780821378748 , 9780821378755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 451 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435091724
    Keywords: Debt relief ; Debt relief ; Debt relief ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: "This book is the outcome of a conference titled 'Debt relief and beyond: a World Bank conference on debt and development,' held in October 2008 at the World Bank in Washington, D.C."--Preface , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Africa Region Human Development Department/World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381245 , 0821381253 , 9780821381243 , 9780821381250
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 45 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 175
    DDC: 344.67/074
    Keywords: Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher ; Private universities and colleges
    Note: "William Saint and Christine Lao, March 2009 : This paper expands on an initial survey completed by Christine Lao in April 2007. Both authors served as consultants to the Africa Region Human Development Department of the World Bank. However, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or of the governments they represent"---publisher's galley , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 24
    ISBN: 0821377760 , 9780821377765
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 187 p) , col. ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 337.56051
    Keywords: Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; China ; China ; India ; India ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-177) and index , Report prepared by a team led by Miria Pigato , Statement of responsibility from cover
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379348 , 0821379550 , 9780821379349 , 9780821379554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 282 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.1209172/4
    Keywords: International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade ; Labor ; Labor market ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview: the promises and perils of globalization / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.]A review of the globailization literature: implications for employment, wages, and labor standards / Drusilla Brown -- Globalization and working conditions : a framework for county studies / Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Cambodia / Samsen Neak and Raymond Robertson -- The effect of globalization on working conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Honduras / Douglas Marcouiller and Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions: evidence from Indonesia / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.] -- Export processing zones in Madagascar: the impact of the dismantling of clothing quotas on employment and labor standards / Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 26
    ISBN: 0821375873 , 0821375881 , 9780821375877 , 9780821375884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 764 pages) , illustrations , 28 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 338.1082091724
    Keywords: Agricultural laborers ; Agricultural laborers ; Women agricultural laborers ; Women agricultural laborers ; Women in agriculture ; Women in agriculture
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 336.3435
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of the Global Development Finance 2009, Volume II: Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Country Briefs
    DDC: 967.8
    Abstract: The World Bank is in the initial stages of developing a new annual series of World Bank Country Briefs. Tanzania- the second report in the series - will be published in the winter of 2009. These short, country-specific reports examine the economic, social, environmental, and business landscape of developing countries, focusing on issues critical to development. Overview; People and Poverty; Environment; Economy; Governance and Business Environment; Global Links; Statistical Appendix
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 363.7
    Abstract: This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals
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  • 30
    ISBN: 0821379003 , 9780821379004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 98 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 162
    DDC: 362.1094
    Keywords: Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Consumer Satisfaction ; Data Collection ; Health Services ; Quality of Life ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: Key factors affecting satisfaction with life in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet UnionEmployment, sources of income, and the poor in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union -- Satisfaction with publicly-provided health services in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380516 , 0821380524 , 9780821380512 , 9780821380529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 88 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.5/820982
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Argentina ; Argentina ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy
    Abstract: Argentina approaches its bicentennial as an independent republic and has a window of opportunity in social protection policy. Following the most serious economic crisis in its history during 2001-02, the country mobilized an effort to provide income support to the population in need. Now, as growth has returned and social indicators have recovered to pre-crisis levels, there is an opening to move from emergency income support programs to a more comprehensive, long-term, and sustainable strategy for social protection. The emergency response was effective, as it helped the country to overcome the worst of the crisis. The centerpiece of the strategy, plan Jefes y Jefas, provided benefits to nearly two million households during a period when poverty affected more than half the population and unemployment reached record levels. The number of beneficiaries slowly declined beginning in 2003, and was at nearly one-third of its maximum value by early 2008. This reduction was achieved by the reentry of beneficiaries into the formal labor market, the loss of eligibility, and the shift of beneficiaries to familias and seguro de capacitacion y empleo (Seguro), the successor programs to Jefes. Now that the crisis has passed, the policy debate has shifted toward the future of social protection over the longer term. The improvement in overall economic conditions since 2003 has resulted in a decline in unemployment, poverty, and inequality, and a recovery of formal employment and real salaries to pre-crisis levels. These positive trends have generated opportunities to consider longer-term and structural issues, including a debate over the future of whether this new type of noncontributory social policies, based on income transfers to households and individuals, should continue.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Income transfer programs and social protectionIncome support policies in Argentina : origins and development -- Opinions and preferences toward income support -- Income support and the role of the provinces -- Policy options and future challenges -- Reflections, challenges, and policy considerations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9780821379585 , 9780821379592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 127 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.910962
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Egypt ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981- ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981-
    Note: "Written by Ismail Arslan, with contributions by consultants Ataman Aksoy ... [et al.]"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA , Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 304.6
    Abstract: This handy pocket guide is a quick reference for users interested in the gender statistics. It presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 countries in an easy country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force, political participation and the Millennium Development Goals. The book's summary pages cover regional and income group aggregates
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
    ISBN: 0821375407 , 0821375415 , 9780821375402 , 9780821375419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 251 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Development practice in education
    DDC: 372.12/06
    Keywords: Education and state Case studies ; Education, Elementary Case studies Costs ; School enrollment Case studies ; Education and state Case studies ; Education, Elementary Case studies Costs ; School enrollment Case studies ; Education and state ; Education, Elementary ; School enrollment ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    ISBN: 0821378023 , 9780821378021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 271 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewBackground country study for Kenya -- Background country study for Zambia -- Background country study for Rwanda -- Background country study for the Dominican Republic.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376489 , 0821376543 , 9780821376485 , 9780821376546
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 236 pages) , illustrations , 28 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 332.1/532091724
    Keywords: World Bank ; Economic assistance Social aspects ; Poverty ; Unemployment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 37
    ISBN: 082137818X , 9780821378182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 67 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 166
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Health promotion ; Integrated delivery of health care ; World health ; Health promotion ; Integrated delivery of health care ; World health ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMethodology -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377094 , 0821377108 , 9780821377093 , 9780821377109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 128 pages) , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Trends and policy options no. 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 333.1/6
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Land use, Urban ; Public land sales
    Note: "Helping to eliminate poverty through private involvement in infrastructure." , Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-117) and index
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377531 , 0821379399 , 9780821377536 , 9780821379394
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 142 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Countries and regions
    DDC: 338/.0640951
    Keywords: Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-134) and index
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  • 40
    ISBN: 0821378155 , 9780821378151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 321 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.4/73621
    Keywords: Medical economics ; Medical fees ; Medical economics ; Medical fees ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; National Health Programs ; Rate Setting and Review methods ; Reimbursement Mechanisms ; Reimbursement, Incentive ; Medical economics ; Medical fees ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; National Health Programs ; Rate Setting and Review ; Reimbursement Mechanisms ; methods ; Reimbursement, Incentive
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview : what, how, and who : an introduction to provider payment systemsPrimary health care per capita payment systems -- Case-based hospital payment systems -- Hospital global budgeting -- A primer on contracting -- Health management information systems : linking purchasers and providers.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378880 , 0821379437 , 9780821378885 , 9780821379431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 338 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.109172/4
    Keywords: Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Services ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing Countries ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Services ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
    Description / Table of Contents: Review of strategies to strengthen health servicesReview of strategies to strengthen the performance of health organizations -- Review of strategies to improve health care provider performance -- Review of community empowerment strategies for health -- Analysis of cross-country changes in health services -- Institutional context of health services -- Evaluation of changes in health results in World Bank-assisted health projects -- Seven country case studies -- From evidence to learning and doing.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379992 , 082138001X , 9780821379998 , 9780821380017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxii, 150 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 342.6029
    RVK:
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Sierra Leone ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This publication addresses the question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. The publication is a collection of eight papers written by authors who were closely involved in the decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003-07. During this period, Sierra Leone's government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone's progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone's progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this reform process is the leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Yongmei ZhouEstablishing the legislative, political and administrative framework for local government and decentralization in Sierra Leone / Emmanuel Gaima -- Fiscal decentralization : building the financial capacity of local governments / Adams Sanpha Kargbo -- Administrative decentralization : building the non-financial capacity of local governments / Alhassan Kanu -- Decentralization in practice / Katherine Whiteside Casey -- Impact of decentralization on public services : evidence to date / Elizabeth Foster and Rachel Glennester -- Civic engagement in local governance / Yongmei Zhou and Ye Zhang -- Landscape of local authority in Sierra Leone : how traditional and modern justice and governance systems interact / Ryann Elizabeth Manning -- Reflections and conclusions on positives and problems resulting from devolution to date / Emmanuel Gaima.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380141 , 0821380168 , 9780821380147 , 9780821380161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.6/420820984
    Keywords: Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business Management ; Sex differences ; Women-owned business enterprises Management ; Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business Management ; Sex differences ; Women-owned business enterprises Management ; Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business ; Women-owned business enterprises
    Abstract: Bolivia's informal economic sector is the largest in Latin America, and women-owned businesses tend to be overrepresented in the informal sector and to be less profitable than firms in the formal sector. This study seeks to better understand gender-based differences in firms' tendencies toward formality, the impact of formality on profits, and the productivity of small informal firms. Using data from firm surveys, national household surveys, and qualitative data from focus groups, the study conducts a gender analysis of formality and productivity in six different sectors in Bolivia. The findings shed new light on how gender-based differences contribute to a firm's decision to become formal and the consequences of this decision for profitability. The outcomes of the study suggest that policies should focus on increasing the productivity and scale of women-owned businesses. Two general priorities emerge: promoting women's access to productive assets to facilitate growth and productivity and providing an enabling environment for women's entrepreneurship by expanding women's choices and capacity to respond to market opportunities.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Men and women in Bolivia's informal sectorGender, formality, and profitability -- Gender-specific constraints to productivity -- Implications of policies to increase the formalization and productivity of female owners of small and micro firms.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (434 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts
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  • 45
    ISBN: 0821379968 , 0821379976 , 9780821379967 , 9780821379974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 42 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 167
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378708 , 9780821378700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 42 p) , ill., map , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9881
    Keywords: Namibia ; Namibia ; Namibia ; Namibia Economic conditions ; Namibia Politics and government 1990- ; Namibia Social conditions ; Namibia Economic conditions ; Namibia Politics and government 1990- ; Namibia Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-39)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821381472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: The World Bank Annual Report 2009, Year in Review, explores the impact of the global financial and economic crisis in developing countries, and fast-track funding and programs that can help member countries withstand the debacle. In addition, new and ongoing programs and projects in health, climate change, infrastructure, and several other areas are highlighted. A new feature this year is personal-impact stories for each region, relaying the positive effects of World Bank assistance on individuals
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  • 48
    ISBN: 0821380486 , 9780821380482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 222 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.951/132
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Beijing (China) ; Shanghai (China) ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and overviewChina's development and its megacities -- Manufacturing industry: locomotive for innovation and growth -- Pitfalls of early deindustrialization -- Economic composition, resources, and the emerging innovation potentials in Beijing and Shanghai -- Making industries innovative.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 49
    ISBN: 0821382535 , 9780821382530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 173 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 184
    Keywords: European Parliament ; European Parliament ; Securities ; Securities ; Securities ; Securities
    Description / Table of Contents: Regulatory framework and oversightScope of the securities regualtions -- Objectives of the securities regulations in Europe and the United States -- Implementation of the different objectives -- Post-financial crisis lessons -- Conclusion and areas for future research.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-173)
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  • 50
    ISBN: 0821381261 , 082138127X , 9780821381267 , 9780821381274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 114 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management
    Description / Table of Contents: The world bank and biodiversity conservation: a contribution to action for climate changeNatural ecosystems and mitigation -- Ecosystem-based adaptation: reducing vulnerability -- Biodiversity conservation and food, water, and livelihood security: emerging issues -- Implementing ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4806
    Parallel Title: Byrd, William A Public finance, security, and development
    Keywords: Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security ; Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security
    Abstract: "Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple linkages between public finance, security, and development were explicitly taken into account. At the extreme, in some cases better public finance management could have more impact on security than would more troops. The paper first outlines three core linkages between security and development-through the investment climate, human and social capital, and institutions. The authors then propose three complementary tools to analyze the security sector from the point of view of public finance management, service delivery, and governance. This conceptual framework is applied to the case of Afghanistan. The paper closes by drawing some conclusions about possible entry points for dialogue in this difficult area. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4809
    Parallel Title: Urdapilleta, Eduardo Banking in Brazil
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking
    Abstract: " The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light on financial performance and its drivers at a disaggregated level. The study illustrates how differences across market segments - which tend to be averaged out in aggregate analysis - need to be taken into account when analyzing performance and designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4811
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Effects of privatization and ownership in transition economies
    Keywords: Privatization ; Privatization
    Abstract: "The paper evaluates the effects of privatization in the post-communist economies and China. In post-communist economies privatization to foreign owners results in a rapid improvement in performance of firms, while performance effects of privatization to domestic owners are less impressive and vary across regions, coinciding with differences in policies and institutional development. In China relatively more estimates suggest that privatization to domestic owners improves the level of performance. Concentrated private ownership has a stronger positive effect on performance than dispersed ownership in the post-communist economies, but foreign joint ventures rather than wholly owned foreign firms have a positive effect in China. Worker or collective ownership does not have a negative effect. In the post-communist economies new firms are equally or more efficient than firms privatized to domestic owners, and foreign start-ups are more efficient than domestic ones. Privatization is not associated with lower employment. When accompanied by complementary reforms, privatization has a positive effect on economic growth. Three factors appear to drive the more positive effect of privatization to foreign than domestic owners. Domestic managers have more limited skills and access to world markets, domestically privatized firms have been more subject to tunneling and in some countries new large shareholders artificially decreased performance. The important policy implication is that privatization per se does not guarantee improved performance, at least not in the short- to medium-run. Type of private ownership, corporate governance, access to know-how and markets, and the legal and institutional system matter for firm performance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4812
    Parallel Title: Kudo, Ines Measuring beginner reading skills
    Keywords: Education ; Reading ; Education ; Reading
    Abstract: "Based on analysis of reading performance data from 475 third-graders in Peru, this study makes recommendations on improving reading tests, choice of reading standards, and how to present the results at the school and individual levels. The paper reviews the literature on using reading skills measurement in the early grades to guide policymaking, strengthen accountability, and improve education quality. It uses data generated from the same students using two common approaches to measuring reading skills: an individually-administered oral fluency test, and a group-administered written comprehension test designed by the Ministry of Education for the 2006 universal standard test of second grade reading comprehension. These two approaches have sometimes been presented as competing alternatives, but the paper shows that it is better if they are used together, as complements. Based on psychometric analysis, the paper shows that both the oral and written tests adequately measured students' reading abilities. The results show that reading fluency and comprehension are correlated: fluent readers are more likely to understand what they read than non-fluent readers. The strength of the fluency-comprehension relationship depends on the level of fluency, the difficulty of the questions, and social characteristics of the school. The paper recommends using improved versions of both tests to evaluate early grade reading skills, as a central element of a system of accountability for results. It proposes a model for reporting test results desgned to highlight the importance of reading standards, mobilize the education community to reach them, track progress, and identify students in need of extra support. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4817
    Parallel Title: Iarossi, Giuseppe The investment climate in 16 Indian states
    Keywords: Investments States ; Investments States
    Abstract: "In this paper, the author attempts to identify the characteristics of the business climate in India that can help explain the different performance of individual states in terms of investment and growth. The paper develops a new Investment Climate Index aimed at summarizing the aspects of the business environment that entrepreneurs consider when deciding whether to invest. Using this index, the author explores the investment climate in several typologies of Indian states and identify the key features of a poor business environment in India. The analysis shows that infrastructure and institutions remain the main bottlenecks in the country's private sector development. More specifically, power, transportation, corruption, tax regulations, and theft are major factors explaining the poor business environment in some Indian states. Infrastructure appears to be the single most important constraint, as it is particularly binding in states that show low levels of domestic investment and GDP growth. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4818
    Parallel Title: Vollmer, Sebastian Political institutions and human development
    Keywords: Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development
    Abstract: "Institutions are a major field of interest in the study of development processes. The authors contribute to this discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human development. First, they elaborate a theoretical argument why and under what conditions democracies compared to autocratic political systems might perform better with regards to the provision of public goods. Due to higher redistributive concerns matched to the needs of the population democracies should show a higher level of human development. In the following they analyze whether our theoretical expectations are supported by empirical facts. The authors perform a static panel analysis over the period of 1970 to 2003. The model confirms that living in a democratic system positively affects human development measured by life expectancy and literacy rates even controlling for GDP. By analyzing interaction effects they find that the performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of health provision in more unequal societies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4821
    Parallel Title: Wagstaff, Adam Social health insurance vs. tax-financed health systems
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Health insurance
    Abstract: "This paper exploits the transitions between tax-financed health care and social health insurance in the OECD countries over the period 1960-2006 to assess the effects of adopting social health insurance over tax finance on per capita health spending, amenable mortality, and labor market outcomes. The paper uses regression-based generalizations of difference-in-differences and instrumental variables to address the possible endogeneity of a country's health system. It finds that adopting social health insurance in preference to tax financing increases per capita health spending by 3-4 percent, reduces the formal sector share of employment by 8-10 percent, and reduces total employment by as much as 6 percent. For the most part, social health insurance adoption has no significant impact on amenable mortality, but for one cause-breast cancer among women-social health insurance systems perform significantly worse, with 5-6 percent more potential years of life lost. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4822
    Parallel Title: V. Del Carpio, Ximena Leveling the intra-household playing field
    Keywords: Child labor ; Transfer payments ; Child labor ; Transfer payments
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes changes in the allocation of child labor within the household in reaction to exogenous shocks created by a social program in Nicaragua. The paper shows that households that randomly received a conditional cash transfer compensated for some of the intra-household differences, as they reduced child labor more for older boys who used to work more and for boys who were further behind in school. The results also show that households that randomly received a productive investment grant, in addition to the basic conditional cash transfer benefits, both targeted at women, show an increased specialization of older girls in nonagricultural and domestic work, but no overall increase in girls' child labor. The findings suggest that time allocation and specialization patterns in child labor within the household are important factors to understand the impact of a social program. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4824
    Parallel Title: Delavande, Adeline Measuring subjective expectations in developing countries
    Keywords: Social surveys ; Social surveys
    Abstract: "The majority of economic decisions taken by individuals are forward looking and thus involve their expectations of future outcomes. Understanding the expectations that individuals have is thus of crucial importance to designing and evaluating policies in health, education, finance, migration, social protection, and many other areas. However, the majority of developing country surveys are static in nature and do not contain information on the subjective expectations of individuals. Possible reasons given for not collecting this information include fears that poor, illiterate individuals do not understand probability concepts, that it takes far too much time to ask such questions, or that the answers add little value. This paper provides a critical review and new analysis of subjective expectations data from developing countries and refutes each of these concerns. The authors find that people in developing countries can generally understand and answer probabilistic questions, such questions are not prohibitive in time to ask, and the expectations are useful predictors of future behavior and economic decisions. The paper discusses the different methods being tried for eliciting such information, the key methodological issues involved, and the open research questions. The available evidence suggests that collecting expectations data is both feasible and valuable, suggesting that it should be incorporated into more developing country surveys. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4829
    Parallel Title: Hostland, Doug Low-income countries' access to private debt markets
    Keywords: Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign
    Abstract: "Private debt flows to developing countries surged to record levels over the period 2003-07. A few low-income countries have gained access to the international bond market but the bulk of the flows have continued to go to just a few large middle-income countries. Most low-income countries still heavily depend on concessional loans and grants from the official sector to meet their financing needs. The paper provides an overview of low-income countries' access to cross-border bank lending and bond issuance in the international market over the past few decades. It highlights some stylized facts that characterize salient features of low-income countries' experience in external borrowing from the private sector and discusses the various factors that influence governments' and corporations' decisions to seek external financing along with creditors' decisions to provide the financing. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects for low-income countries' access to private debt markets over the medium term. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4848
    Parallel Title: Portugal-Pérez, Alberto Assessing the impact of political economy factors on rules of origin under NAFTA
    Keywords: Certificates of origin ; Certificates of origin
    Abstract: "Rules of origin are legitimate policy instruments to prevent trade deflection in a preferential trade agreement short of a customs union. Trade deflection takes place when a product imported into the preferential trade agreement through the member with the lowest external tariff is transhipped to a higher-tariff member, while yielding a benefit for the re-exporter. Yet, when captured by special interest groups, rules of origin can restrict trade beyond what is needed to prevent trade deflection. By how much do political economy factors account for the stringency of rules of origin? This study quantifies the impact of both determinants - those considered "justifiable" because they prevent trade deflection and those deemed to arise from "political economy" forces - on the restrictiveness of rules of origin under the North American Free Trade Agreement, approximated by a restrictiveness index. The main finding is that political economy forces, especially from the United States, raised significantly the restrictiveness of the rules of origin. Indeed, in industries where political-economy forces were strong prior to the North American Free Trade Agreement, as when the U.S. Most Favored Nation tariff was high or the revealed comparative advantage of Mexico (the United States) was strong (weak), more stringent rules of origin were introduced. Thus, stricter rules of origin are associated with higher production costs reducing the potential benefits of enhanced market access that is initially pursued by this type of agreement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4854
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio (Un)bundling infrastructure procurement
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply ; Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply
    Abstract: "Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is partly because of high technical complexity and partly because of auction design flaws. The division of lot contracts is an important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions and size of contracts. Larger works could benefit from economies of scale and scope, but large contracts might undermine competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows that bidder entry is crucially endogenous, especially because it is determined by the auctioneer's bundling and unbundling strategy. If water treatment plant and distribution network works are bundled in a single lot package, competition would be significantly reduced, and this adverse entry effect would in turn raise the public procurement costs of infrastructure. There is no evidence of positive scope economies in the bidder cost structure. It is important to account for the underlying cost structure for designing efficient auction mechanisms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4856
    Parallel Title: Söderbom, Måns Market integration and structural transformation in a poor rural economy
    Keywords: Rural development ; Rural development
    Abstract: "By developing a simple theoretical model of the impact of market integration on sectoral output and employment in a poor rural setting, this paper demonstrates that trade can induce asymmetric growth. Under certain, plausible, assumptions, the non-farm sector will grow much faster than the agricultural sector when markets become integrated. Promoting market integration may thus be an effective way of encouraging diversification beyond agriculture and catalysing structural change in poor rural economies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4858
    Parallel Title: Lanjouw, Peter Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and non-farm employment in rural India
    Keywords: Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Abstract: "The authors analyze five rounds of National Sample Survey data covering 1983, 1987/8, 1993/4, 1999/0, and 2004/5 to explore the relationship between rural diversification and poverty. Poverty in rural India declined at a modest rate during this period. The authors provide region-level estimates that illustrate considerable geographic heterogeneity in this progress. Poverty estimates correlate well with region-level data on changes in agricultural wage rates. Agricultural labor remains the preserve of the uneducated and also to a large extent of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Although agricultural labor grew as a share of total economic activity over the first four rounds, it had fallen back to the levels observed at the beginning of the survey period by 2004. This all-India trajectory masks widely varying trends across states. During this period, the rural non-farm sector grew modestly, mainly between the last two survey rounds. Regular non-farm employment remains largely associated with education levels and social status that are rare among the poor. However, casual labor and self-employment in the non-farm sector reveal greater involvement by disadvantaged groups in 2004 than in the preceding rounds. The implication for poverty is not immediately clear - the poor may be pushed into low-return casual non-farm activities due to lack of opportunities in the agricultural sector rather than being pulled by high returns offered by the non-farm sector. Econometric estimates reveal that expansion of the non-farm sector is associated with falling poverty via two routes: a direct impact on poverty that is likely due to a pro-poor marginal incidence of non-farm employment expansion; and an indirect impact attributable to the positive effect of non-farm employment growth on agricultural wages. The analysis also confirms the important contribution to rural poverty reduction from agricultural productivity, availability of land, and consumption levels in proximate urban areas. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4859
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Welfare impacts of rural electrification
    Keywords: Income ; Rural electrification ; Income ; Rural electrification
    Abstract: "Lack of access to electricity is one of the major impediments to growth and development of the rural economies in developing countries. That is why access to modern energy, in particular to electricity, has been one of the priority themes of the World Bank and other development organizations. Using a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005 of some 20,000 households in rural Bangladesh, this paper studies the welfare impacts of households' grid connectivity. Based on rigorous econometric estimation techniques, this study finds that grid electrification has significant positive impacts on households' income, expenditure, and educational outcomes. For example, the gain in total income due to electrification can be as much as 30 percent and as low as 9 percent. Benefits go up steadily as household exposure to grid electrification (measured by duration) increases and eventually reach a plateau. This paper also finds that rich households benefit more from electrification than poor households. Finally, estimates also show that income benefits of electrification on an average exceed cost by a wide margin. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4865
    Parallel Title: Lloyd, P. J Global distortions to agricultural markets
    Keywords: Agricultural prices ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural prices ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state
    Abstract: "Despite recent reforms, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions can be poor guides to the policies' economic effects. Recent theoretical literature provides indicators of trade and welfare-reducing effects of price and trade policies which this paper builds on to develop more-satisfactory indexes. The authors exploit a new Agricultural Distortion database to generate estimates of them for developing and high-income countries over the past half century. These better approximations of the trade and welfare effects of sector policies are generated without a formal model of global markets or even price elasticity estimates. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4868
    Parallel Title: Van Kooten, G. C Wind power development
    Keywords: Wind power ; Wind power
    Abstract: "This study reviews the prospects of wind power at the global level. Existing studies indicate that the earth's wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1 percent of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40 percent annual growth in wind generating capacity over the past 25 years. More than 98 percent of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. It has been estimated that wind power could supply 7 to 34 percent of global electricity needs by 2050. However, wind power faces a large number of technical, economic, financial, institutional, market, and other barriers. To overcome these barriers, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital subsidies, tax incentives, tradable energy certificates, feed-in tariffs, grid access guarantees and mandatory standards. Besides these policies, climate change mitigation initiatives resulting from the Kyoto Protocol (e.g., CO2-emission reduction targets in developed countries and the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries) have played a significant role in promoting wind power. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/19/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4869
    Parallel Title: Kinda, Tidiane Firms' productive performance and the investment climate in developing economies
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Investments ; Industrial productivity ; Investments
    Abstract: "Drawing on the World Bank Investment Climate Assessment surveys, this paper investigates the relationship between firm-level technical efficiency and the investment climate for 22 developing economies and eight manufacturing industries. The authors first propose three measures of firms' productive performance: labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency. They show that, on average, enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa have performed poorly compared with other countries in the sample. The exception is Morocco, whose various measures of firm-level productivity rank close to the ones of the most productive economies. The analysis also reveals that the competitiveness of countries in the region has been handicapped by high unit labor cost, compared with main competitors like China and India. The empirical results show then? that the investment climate matters for firms' productive performance. This is true (depending on the industry) for the quality of various infrastructure, the experience and education level of the labor force, the cost of and access to financing, as well as different dimensions of the government-business relation. The analysis reveals that some industries, more exposed to international competition, are more sensitive to investment climate deficiencies. For some industries, this is also true for small and medium domestic enterprises that do not have the possibility to influence their investment climate or choose their location. These findings bear clear policy implications by showing that increasing firms' size and improving the investment climate (in particular of small and medium firms and industries more exposed to international competition) could constitute a powerful means of industrial development and competitiveness, in the Middle East and North Africa region in particular. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/25/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4873
    Parallel Title: Coolidge, Jacqueline G Small businesses in South Africa
    Keywords: Small business Taxation ; Small business Taxation
    Abstract: "The authors use firm-level survey data on 998 small and medium enterprises registered for tax in South Africa regarding tax compliance costs to investigate the use of outsourcing to complete tax compliance tasks. Overall, about 43 percent of the enterprises do all their tax compliance work in-house, 11 percent outsource all their tax compliance work, and the remaining 46 percent use a combination of both ("partial outsourcing"). The data display an inverted-U shape for outsourcing of tax compliance tasks: the smallest firms (those under R 300,000 turnover or well under US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4880
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Household surveys have long been used to estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in education and health indicators, but they have not been used to the same extent to assess trends in the access to or coverage of modern infrastructure services. In this paper, we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample of sub-Saharan African countries in order to collect comparable information across countries on coverage of piped water, flush toilets, electricity, and landline telephones over time. The results suggest that coverage rates for electricity, flush toilets have improved slightly over the last decade. Coverage of piped water has declined, at the same time as coverage of landline (as well as cellular) telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure coverage has either increased or remained stable in rural Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households coverage remains virtually inexistent. If business as usual continues, it would take a very long time to reach universal or widely shared coverage even in countries where coverage has improved. These results point to the need to increase efforts by governments and international community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4882
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Natural resources and reforms
    Keywords: Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Abstract: "The authors use a sample of 133 countries to investigate the link between the abundance of natural resources and micro-economic reforms. Previous studies suggest that natural resource abundance gives rise to governments that are less accountable to the public and states that are oligarchic, and that it leads to the erosion of social capital. These factors are likely to hamper economic reforms. The authors test this hypothesis using data on micro-economic reforms from the World Bank's Doing Business database. The results provide a robust support for the "resource curse" view: a move from the 75th percentile to the 25th percentile on resource abundance equals 10.9 percentage points more reform. This is a large effect given that the mean probability of reform in the sample is 57.1 percent. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4933
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Tax policy to reduce carbon emissions in South Africa
    Keywords: Carbon taxes ; Carbon taxes
    Abstract: "Noting that South Africa may be one of the few African countries that could contribute to mitigating climate change, the authors explore the impact of a carbon tax relative to alternative energy taxes on economic welfare. Using a disaggregate general-equilibrium model of the South African economy, they capture the structural characteristics of the energy sector, linking a supply mix that is heavily skewed toward coal to energy use by different sectors and hence their carbon content. The authors consider a "pure" carbon tax as well as various proxy taxes such as those on energy or energy-intensive sectors like transport and basic metals, all of which achieve the same level of carbon reduction. In general, the more targeted the tax to carbon emissions, the better the welfare results. If a carbon tax is feasible, it will have the least marginal cost of abatement by a substantial amount when compared to alternative tax instruments. If a carbon tax is not feasible, a sales tax on energy inputs is the next best option. Moreover, labor market distortions such as labor market segmentation or unemployment will likely dominate the welfare and equity implications of a carbon tax for South Africa. This being the case, if South Africa were able to remove some of the distortions in the labor market, the cost of carbon taxation would be negligible. In short, the discussion of carbon taxation in South Africa can focus on considerations other than the economic welfare costs, which are likely to be quite low. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4938
    Parallel Title: MacCracken, Michael C Beyond mitigation
    Keywords: Climatic changes Risk management ; Environmental geotechnology ; Greenhouse gases ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Environmental geotechnology ; Greenhouse gases
    Abstract: "Global climate change is occurring at an accelerating pace, and the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are forcing climate change continue to increase. Given the present pace of international actions, it seems unlikely that atmospheric composition can be stabilized at a level that will avoid "dangerous anthropogenic interference" with the climate system, as called for in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Complicating the situation, as GHG emissions are reduced, reductions in the offsetting cooling influence of sulfate aerosols will create an additional warming influence, making an early transition to climate stabilization difficult. With significant reductions in emissions (mitigation) likely to take decades, and with the impacts of projected climate change-even with proactive adaptation-likely to be quite severe over the coming decades, additional actions to offset global warming and other impacts have been proposed as important complementary measures. Although a number of possible geoengineering approaches have been proposed, each has costs and side effects that must be balanced against the expected benefits of reduced climate impacts. However, substantial new research is needed before comparison of the relative benefits and risks of intervening is possible. A first step in determining whether geoengineering is likely to be a useful option is the initiation of research on four interventions to limit the increasing serious impacts: limiting ocean acidification by increasing the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and upper ocean; limiting the increasing intensity of tropical cyclones; limiting the warming of the Arctic and associated sea level rise; and sustaining or enhancing the existing sulfate cooling influence. In addition, in depth consideration is needed regarding the governance structure for an international geoengineering decision-making framework in the event that geoengineering becomes essential. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4940
    Parallel Title: Norgaard, Kari Marie Cognitive and behavioral challenges in responding to climate change
    Keywords: Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Public opinion ; Global warming ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Public opinion ; Global warming
    Abstract: "Climate scientists have identified global warming as the most important environmental issue of our time, but it has taken over 20 years for the problem to penetrate the public discourse in even the most superficial manner. While some nations have done better than others, no nation has adequately reduced emissions and no nation has a base of public citizens that are sufficiently socially and politically engaged in response to climate change. This paper summarizes international and national differences in levels of knowledge and concern regarding climate change, and the existing explanations for the worldwide failure of public response to climate change, drawing from psychology, social psychology and sociology. On the whole, the widely presumed links between public access to information on climate change and levels of concern and action are not supported. The paper's key findings emphasize the presence of negative emotions in conjunction with global warming (fear, guilt, and helplessness), and the process of emotion management and cultural norms in the construction of a social reality in which climate change is held at arms length. Barriers in responding to climate change are placed into three broad categories: 1) psychological/conceptual, 2) social and cultural, and 3) structural (political economy). The author provides policy considerations and summarizes the policy implications of both psychological and conceptual barriers, and social and cultural barriers. An annotated bibliography is included. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Many countries are convinced that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) should be an important component of their growth strategy. To encourage FDI, they have improved their business climates, developed various guarantees for investors, and offered incentives. In the real world, Investment Promotion Intermediaries (IPIs) face tight budget and human resource constraints. Allocating scarce resources among the various possible activities is a major component of developing an effective promotion strategy. Research, including that covered in this report, suggests that many IPIs are failing to devote enough attention to the most basic-and least costly-promotion function, one that, if it fails, undermines all other promotion activities. Provision of services to potential investors-and particularly the provision of information-is basic to all promotion. Image-building efforts can be hugely expensive. Similarly, targeted missions and personal selling are costly in terms of both time and effort. FDI offers the prospects of growth and jobs to host countries, but attracting it requires a good deal of effort. Effective investment promotion is not only less costly than adding on more incentives for investors; reform and incentives are unlikely to accomplish their goals without promotion. Promotion efforts will, however, fail to attract desired investment if IPIs are not skilled at the most basic function: collecting and providing to potential investors relevant and timely information. Ensuring that this function works well should be the top priority in the promotion strategy and in the development of management systems
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) for Timor-Leste identifies environmental priorities through a systematic review of environmental issues in natural resources management and environmental health in the context of the country's economic development and environmental institutions. Lack of data has been the main limitation in presenting a more rigorous analysis. Nevertheless, the report builds on the best available secondary data, presents new data on the country's wealth composition, and derives new results on the costs of water and air pollution. The CEA calls for urgent attention to gaps in the environmental management framework, the lack of capacity to implement the few regulations in place, and the high cost of indoor air pollution and poor water, sanitation, and hygiene. Timor-Leste is a young country that regained independence in 2002, and it has emerged from a bitter past burdened by colonialism and violent conflicts. It is still a fragile state facing enormous challenges. The report also points out the lack of clean water, appropriate sanitation, and hygiene as an environmental priority. The CEA estimates that this imposes an economic cost of about
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities in addressing road safety in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. It presents information on the size, characteristics, and causes of the problem; presents evidence on the effectiveness of measures that countries world-wide have adopted to improve road safety; briefly describes current international road safety policy; and discusses a range of strategies and actions that could be undertaken by the World Bank in coordination and partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), multilateral development banks, other international agencies and donors, as well as with private and civil society institutions. A primary audience of this report is internal-particularly managers and staff of the World Bank working in the transport, health, education, and governance sectors, to raise awareness about the multisectoral nature of the road safety challenge and of effective options to address it. It proposes ways that the World Bank might engage more to support ECA countries in tackling this issue, working in partnership with other international agencies and donors. The secondary audience is external policymakers, senior analysts, program managers, and their advisers in the governments of ECA countries, private sector officials, and civil society and international organizations working in this field. The goal is to support discussion on appropriate choices and instruments for advancing the road safety agenda as a top development priority over the short and medium term
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is a part of larger welfare and social policy work agenda which the Turkish State Planning Organization and the World Bank are carrying out collaboratively. The work agenda includes the preparation of a number of conceptualized, and in part of co-authored, analytical studies on topics ranging from examines the equity determinants to investigating the links between poverty, employment creation, and growth. Further, the work agenda comprises a number of human development dialogues for which we are inviting international experts and practioners to share their experiences about social policy reforms with the Turkish government and the wider academic and non-governmental public. This report examines life chances. Life chances for today Turkish people, most importantly future generation, today's children. The results presented in this report show that life chances differ in important dimensions today, and that Turkey could immensely improve its human and economic development potential by maximizing such opportunities
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Serbian insurance sector remains small and underdeveloped. Over the last three years, the market experienced very little growth in real terms mainly due to weak economic growth, premium payment difficulties in the industrial sector, which forced many corporate policyholders to cancel their insurance, and fierce price competition among the growing number of players. With consumption of 76 Pounds and 10 Pounds per capita for non-life and life insurance, respectively, Serbia lags behind most of its neighbors in Southeastern and Central Europe. In 2009 the industry accounted for only 4.6 percent of total assets and 5.6 percent of total capital in the Serbian financial sector. Although in 2008 the total gross premium written (GPW) for both life and non-life was SRD 52.2 billion (dinars), representing a 5.3 percent annual inflation-adjusted increase over the previous year, in 2009 the sector is likely to experience an 8 percent contraction due to the impact of the economic crisis
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: One of the problems in discussing one-stop shops is that everyone seems to have a different idea of what one is. There have been one-stop shops since at least the 1920s, mostly in the retail trade, epitomized by the development of supermarkets and, in recent years, internet sales outlets. This book is about one particular type of service, namely, business registration, and the various one-stop shops that exist now and might exist in the future. If there is confusion about what constitutes a one-stop shop, there are also a variety of views about business registration. In some countries all businesses have to be registered, in others, only those companies with a legal existence separate from their owners. In some countries, registration is the responsibility of the courts; in others, it is an administrative function handled by a government ministry, semi-autonomous agency, or chamber of commerce. Registration may be a function of a central institution or may be affected at a local level. In all these areas, there is change when it comes to implementing a one-stop shop. It is hardly surprising therefore that there are many different views about what constitutes, or should constitute, a one-stop shop
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Indonesian economic quarterly reports on and synthesizes the past three month s key developments in Indonesia s economy. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook for Indonesia s economic and social welfare. Its coverage ranges from the macro economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. Indonesia s economy appears to be broadly backed on track. Economic activity has been picking up, inflation has remained moderate, financial markets have risen, and the newly reelected government, having established the strong fundamentals that supported Indonesia through the global crisis, appears to be now gearing up for new investments in Indonesia s physical infrastructure, human services and institutions of state. Indonesia seems well-positioned to get back on its pre-crisis growth trajectory, with the possibility of further acceleration and more inclusive growth. The sustainability of the global recovery is still not entirely clear and portfolio flows into emerging markets, which have surged in the last nine months, may as easily be reversed as policy makers elsewhere move to unwind the large monetary and fiscal stimulus efforts initiated over the last year
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Over the last decade, consumer credit in the Russian Federation has expanded from almost nothing to 9.2 percent of GDP in 2008, at 84 percent average annual growth in 2003-2008 year for five years. Yet, the increases have been uneven throughout the Russian population: more than 40 percent are still financially excluded and only 16 percent have bank accounts. A 2008 survey found that Russian consumers had low levels of financial literacy and lacked awareness of their rights as financial consumers. Three-quarters of the survey's respondents said they would like to receive financial education in order to protect themselves financially and plan for the future. Similar trends of the booming credit markets amid significant gaps in financial literacy around the world have contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008 and emphasized the importance of consumer protection and financial education programs for the long-term health of the financial sector. Responding to a request from Russian authorities, the World Bank conducted a diagnostic review to help Russia design an effective consumer protection and financial literacy framework. This review, presented in two volumes, outlines the key findings and recommendations in Volume I, and analyzes the existing rules and practices in Russia, in comparison with international good practices - in Volume II. Banking, non-bank credit, securities, insurance, private pensions, and credit reporting segments are covered
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington DC : World Bank | Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821377450 , 0821377469 , 0821377477 , 9780821377451 , 9780821377468 , 9780821377475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 195 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330.98
    Keywords: Children Government policy ; Children Government policy ; Equality ; Equality ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 1945- ; Caribbean Area Social conditions 1945- ; Latin America Economic conditions 1982- ; Latin America Social conditions 1982-
    Abstract: Inequality of opportunity : what it is, how it can be measured, and why it matters -- A human opportunity index for children -- Uses and policy applications of the human opportunity index -- Inequality of economic opportunity in seven Latin American countries -- Inequality of opportunity in educational achievement in five Latin American countries.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082138077X , 9780821380772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxx, 100 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 363.8/56
    Keywords: Malnutrition ; Nutrition policy ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition policy ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Health Resources economics ; Malnutrition economics ; Malnutrition prevention & control ; Nutrition Policy economics ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition policy ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Health Resources ; Malnutrition ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : why scale up?Methodology : estimating the costs -- What will it cost and what are the potential benefits? -- Phasing the scale-up.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-92) and index
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Abstract: A Development Emergency: the title of this year's Global Monitoring Report, the sixth in an annual series, could not be more apt. The global economic crisis, the most severe since the Great Depression, is rapidly turning into a human and development crisis. No region is immune. The poor countries are especially vulnerable, as they have the least cushion to withstand events. The crisis, coming on the heels of the food and fuel crises, poses serious threats to their hard-won gains in boosting economic growth and reducing poverty. It is pushing millions back into poverty and putting at risk the very survival of many. The prospect of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, already a cause for serious concern, now looks even more distant. A global crisis must be met with a global response. The crisis began in the financial markets of developed countries, so the first order of business must be to stabilize these markets and counter the recession that the financial turmoil has triggered. At the same time, strong and urgent actions are needed to counter the impact of the crisis on developing countries and help them restore strong growth while protecting the poor. Global Monitoring Report 2009, prepared jointly by the staff of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, provides a development perspective on the global economic crisis. It assesses the impact on developing countries, their growth, poverty reduction, and other MDGs. And it sets out priorities for policy response, both by developing countries themselves and by the international community. This report also focuses on the ways in which the private sector can be better mobilized in support of development goals, especially in the aftermath of the crisis
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Keywords: Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 0821382675 , 9780821382677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 84 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Nov. 2009 ed
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Uniform Title: East Asia & Pacific update.
    Keywords: East Asia ; Pacific Area ; East Asia Economic conditions ; Pacific Area Economic conditions ; East Asia Economic conditions ; Pacific Area Economic conditions
    Note: "East Asia and Pacific update November 2009 , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4807
    Parallel Title: Demirgüç-Kunt, Aslı Are all the sacred cows dead?
    Keywords: Economic policy ; Financial crises ; Economic policy ; Financial crises
    Abstract: "The recent global financial crisis has shaken the confidence of developed and developing countries alike in the very blueprint of financial and macro policies that underlie the western capitalist systems. In an effort to contain the crisis from spreading, the authorities in the US and many European governments have taken unprecedented steps of providing extensive liquidity, giving assurances to bank depositors and creditors that include blanket guarantees, and structuring bail-out programs that include taking large ownership stakes in financial institutions, in addition to establishing programs for direct provision of credit to non-financial institutions. Emphasizing the importance of incentives and tensions between short term and longer term policy responses to crisis management, this paper draws on a large body of research evidence and country experiences to discuss the implications of the current crisis for financial and macroeconomic policies going forward. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4810
    Parallel Title: Münich, Daniel Unemployment and worker-firm matching
    Keywords: Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment
    Abstract: "The paper tests three hypotheses about the causes of unemployment in the Central-East European transition economies and in a benchmark market economy (Western part of Germany). The first hypothesis (H1) is that unemployment is caused by inefficient matching. Hypothesis 2 (H2) is that unemployment is caused by low demand. Hypothesis 3 (H3) is that restructuring is at work. Our estimates suggest that the west and east German parts of Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia are consistent with H2 and H3. Hungary provides limited support to all three hypotheses. Poland is consistent with H1. The economies in question hence contain one broad group of countries and one or two special cases. The group comprises the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic and (possibly) East Germany. These countries resemble West Germany in that they display increasing returns to scale in matching and unemployment appears to be driven by restructuring and low demand. The East German case is complex because of its major active labor market policies and a negative trend in efficiency in matching. In some sense, East Germany resembles more Poland, which in addition to restructuring and low demand for labor appears to suffer from a structural mismatch reflected in relatively low returns to scale in matching. Finally, our data provide evidence that goes counter to one of the main predictions of the theories of transition, namely that the turnover (inflow) rate in the transition countries would rise dramatically at the start of the transition, be temporarily very high and gradually decline and approach the level observed in otherwise similar market economies such as West Germany. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4813
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Month of birth and children's health in India
    Keywords: Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene ; Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene
    Abstract: "The authors use data from three waves of the India National Family Health Survey to explore the relationship between the month of birth and the health outcomes of young children in India. They find that children born during the monsoon months have lower anthropometric scores compared with children born during the fall and winter months. The authors propose and test four hypotheses that could explain such a correlation. The results emphasize the importance of seasonal variations in affecting environmental conditions at the time of birth and determining the health outcomes of young children in India. Policy interventions that affect these conditions could effectively impact the health and achievement of these children, in a manner similar to nutrition and micronutrient supplementation programs. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4814
    Parallel Title: Chen, Dandan Vocational schooling, labor market outcomes, and college entry
    Keywords: Education, Secondary ; Vocational education ; Education, Secondary ; Vocational education
    Abstract: "This paper examines the differentiated outcomes of vocational and general secondary academic education, particularly in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data from a panel of two waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 1997 and 2000, the paper tracks a cohort of high school students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and/or earnings premium; (2) attendance at vocational schools leads to significantly lower academic achievement as measured by national test scores; and (3) There is no stigma attached to attendance at vocational schools that results in a disadvantage in access to tertiary education; rather, it is the lower academic achievement associated with attendance at vocational school that lowers the likelihood of entering college. The empirical approach of this paper addresses two limitations of the existing literature in this area. First, it takes into account the observation censoring issue due to college entry when evaluating labor market outcomes of secondary school graduates. Second, using an instrumental variable approach, the paper also treats endogeneity of household choice of vocational versus academic track of secondary education, teasing out the net effect of secondary school choice on labor market and schooling outcomes. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4816
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class
    Keywords: Middle class ; Middle class
    Abstract: "The "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line of developing countries, but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle class" is defined as those who are not poor by US standards. Although barely 80 million people in the developing world entered the Western middle class over 1990-2002, economic growth and distributional shifts allowed an extra 1.2 billion people to join the developing world's middle class. Four-fifths came from Asia, and half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up just above
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4819
    Parallel Title: Mitra, Pradeep Convergence in institutions and market outcomes
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics
    Abstract: "This paper uses firm-level data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys to study the process of convergence of transition countries with developed market economies. The study focuses on competition and market structure, finance and the structure of lending to firms, and how firms respond to the economic environment by restructuring. The authors find substantial evidence of convergence in a number of dimensions. The pattern of growth at the country, sector, and firm levels shows rapid growth of the new private sector and of the micro and small-firm sectors, with the size distribution of firms moving toward the pattern observed in the surveys of developed market economies. In finance, increasing reliance on retained earnings in transition countries reflects a maturation of the sector as new firms come to rely less on informal and family sources of finance. The authors find evidence of an inverse-U pattern, with the peak of restructuring activity taking place in 2002, the middle of the period analyzed. Throughout, the regional patterns suggest greater convergence in the transition countries that joined the European Union in 2004 than in the other, lower-income transition economies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4823
    Parallel Title: Kenny, Charles Why do people die in earthquakes?
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; Earthquakes
    Abstract: "Every year, around 60,000 people die worldwide in natural disasters. The majority of the deaths are caused by building collapse in earthquakes, and the great majority occurs in the developing world. This is despite the fact that engineering solutions exist that can almost completely eliminate the risk of such deaths. Why is this? The engineering solutions are both expensive and technically demanding, so that the benefit-cost ratio of such solutions is often unfavorable compared with other interventions designed to save lives in developing countries. Nonetheless, a range of public disaster risk-reduction interventions (including construction activities) are highly cost effective. The fact that such interventions often remain unimplemented or ineffectively executed points to a role for issues of political economy. Building regulations in developing countries appear to have limited impact in many cases, perhaps because of limited capacity and the impact of corruption. Public construction is often of low quality - perhaps for similar reasons. This suggests approaches that emphasize simple and limited disaster risk regulation covering only the most at-risk structures and that (preferably) can be monitored by non-experts. It also suggests a range of transparency and oversight mechanisms for public construction projects. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4827
    Parallel Title: Docquier, Frédéric Measuring skilled migration rates
    Keywords: Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration ; Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "Recent changes in information and communication technologies have contributed to a dramatic increase in the degree of integration and interdependency of countries, markets, and people. Against this background, one aspect of particular concern for small states is the international movement of people. This paper focuses on this particularly important aspect of globalization, with emphasis on the movement of skilled people and its relationship with country size. In addition to overall skilled migration, it provides evidence that controls for migration age in order to distinguish between those educated in the home country and those educated abroad. The authors discuss the growth implications of the brain drain from small countries and policies that may help control it. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4831
    Parallel Title: Hou, Xiaohui Wealth
    Keywords: Child labor ; Education ; Wealth ; Child labor ; Education ; Wealth
    Abstract: "The relationship between wealth and child labor has been widely examined. This paper uses three rounds of time-series, cross-sectional data to examine the relationship between wealth and child labor and schooling. The paper finds that wealth is crucial in determining a child's activities, but that this factor is far from being a sufficient condition to enroll a child in school. This is particularly the case for rural girls. Nonparametric analysis shows a universal increase in school enrollment for rural girls from 1998 to 2006. This increase is independent of wealth (measured by per capita expenditure). Multinomial logit regression further shows that wealth is insignificant in determining rural girls' activity decisions. Thus, interventions to increase school enrollment should incorporate broad-targeted, demand-side interventions as well as supply-side interventions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4833
    Parallel Title: Ferre, Celine Age at first child
    Keywords: Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy ; Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy
    Abstract: "Completing additional years of education necessarily entails spending more time in school. There is naturally a rather mechanical effect of schooling on fertility if women tend not to have children while continuing to attend high school or college, thus delaying the beginning of and shortening their reproductive life. This paper uses data from the Kenyan Demographic and Health Surveys of 1989, 1993, 1998, and 2003 to uncover the impact of staying one more year in school on teenage fertility. To get around the endogeneity issue between schooling and fertility preferences, the analysis uses the 1985 Kenyan education reform as an instrument for years of education. The authors find that adding one more year of education decreases by at least 10 percentage points the probability of giving birth when still a teenager. The probability of having one's first child before age 20, when having at least completed primary education, is about 65 percent; therefore, for this means a reduction of about 15 percent in teenage fertility rates for this group. One additional year of school curbs the probability of becoming a mother each year by 7.3 percent for women who have completed at least primary education, and 5.6 percent for women with at least a secondary degree. These results (robust to a wide array of specifications) are of crucial interest to policy and decision makers who set up health and educational policies. This paper shows that investing in education can have positive spillovers on health. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4839
    Parallel Title: Fink, Guenther Determinants of international emergency aid
    Keywords: Disaster relief ; Natural disasters ; Disaster relief ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "The authors use an original data set covering more than 400 recent natural disasters to analyze the determinants of international emergency aid. Although humanitarian need is a major determinant of emergency relief payments, the results imply that political and strategic factors play a crucial role in the emergency aid allocation. On average, donor governments favor smaller, geographically closer, and oil exporting countries, and display significant biases in favor of politically less aligned countries as well as toward their former colonies. The authors also test and reject the independence of donors' aid decisions, finding strong evidence for bandwagon effects in humanitarian assistance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4842
    Parallel Title: Torre, Augusto de la Regulatory reform
    Keywords: Subprime mortgage loans ; Subprime mortgage loans
    Abstract: "The Subprime crisis largely resulted from failures to internalize systemic risk evenly across financial intermediaries and recognize the implications of Knightian uncertainty and mood swings. A successful reform of prudential regulation will need to integrate more harmoniously the three paradigms of moral hazard, externalities, and uncertainty. This is a tall order because each paradigm leads to different and often inconsistent regulatory implications. Moreover, efforts to address the central problem under one paradigm can make the problems under the others worse. To avoid regulatory arbitrage and ensure that externalities are uniformly internalized, all prudentially regulated intermediaries should be subjected to the same capital adequacy requirements, and unregulated intermediaries should be financed only by regulated intermediaries. Reflecting the importance of uncertainty, the new regulatory architecture will also need to rely less on markets and more on "holistic" supervision, and incorporate countercyclical norms that can be adjusted in light of changing circumstances. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/17/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4847
    Parallel Title: Rogers, F. Halsey No more cutting class?
    Keywords: Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence ; Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence
    Abstract: "Expanding and improving basic education in developing countries requires, at a minimum, teachers who are present in the classroom and motivated to teach, but this essential input is often missing. This paper describes the findings of a series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits reveal that teachers are absent at high rates in countries such as India, Indonesia, Uganda, Ecuador, and Zambia, reducing the quality of schooling for children, especially in rural, remote, and poor areas. More broadly, poor teacher management and low levels of teacher accountability afflict many developing-country education systems. The paper presents evidence on these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and performance and reduce avoidable absenteeism. It concludes with policy options for developing countries to explore as they work to meet Education for All goals and improve quality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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