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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrating land financing into subnational fiscal management (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Peterson, George E Integrating land financing into subnational fiscal management
    Abstract: Land assets have become an important source of financing capital investments by subnational governments in developing countries. Land assets, often with billions of dollars per transaction, rival and sometimes surpass subnational borrowing or fiscal transfers for capital spending. While reducing the uncertainty surrounding future debt repayment capacity, the use of land-based revenues for financing infrastructure can entail substantial fiscal risks. Land sales often involve less transparency than borrowing. Many sales are conducted off-budget, which makes it easier to divert proceeds into operating budgets. Capital revenues from sales of land assets exert a much more volatile trend and could create an incentive to appropriate auction proceeds for financing the operating budget, particularly in times of budget shortfalls during economic downturns. Furthermore, land collateral and expected future land-value appreciation for bank loans can be linked with macroeconomic risks. It is critical to develop ex ante prudential rules comparable to those governing borrowing, to reduce fiscal risks and the contingent liabilities associated with the land-based revenues for financing infrastructure
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5409
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La plusvalia de la tierra como opcion para el financiamiento de la infraestructura urbana (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821383322
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p)
    Series Statement: Trends and Policy Options (PPIAF)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: La plusvalia de la tierra como opcion para el financiamiento de la infraestructura urbana esta cobrando importancia creciente en el mundo en desarrollo. Por que es tan dificil financiar las inversiones en infraestructura urbana, cuando los valores de las tierras por lo general aumentan a un ritmo mayor que el costo de la inversion? En 'La plusvalia de la tierra como opcion para el financiamiento de la infraestructura urbana' se analiza la teoria en que se apoyan los distintos instrumentos de financiamiento basado en el valor de la tierra, como el impuesto a la plusvalia, las exacciones a los urbanizadores, los cargos por impacto y el intercambio de tierras fiscales por infraestructura. En este trabajo se incluyen numerosos estudios de casos que ilustran de que modo se han aplicado los distintos instrumentos para este tipo de financiamiento y las ensenanzas derivadas de estas experiencias. Esta guia practica ha sido disenada para contribuir a que el financiamiento basado en la recuperacion de plusvalias tenga una mayor presencia en los presupuestos de capital de las ciudades, de modo de fortalecer la inversion en obras de infraestructura y los mercados de suelo urbano
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8329-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploiter la valeur du foncier pour financer les infrastructures urbaines (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821383315
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: Trends and Policy Options (PPIAF)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Le financement d'infrastructures urbaines a partir du foncier prend de l'importance dans les pays en developpement. Pourquoi est-il si difficile de financer des investissements d'infrastructure urbaine lorsque l'augmentation de la valeur des terrains est generalement superieure au cout des investissements ? L'ouvrage intitule Exploiter la valeur du foncier pour financer les infrastructures urbaines examine la theorie qui sous-tend divers instruments de financement par le foncier, tels que les prelevements sur les plus-values, les contributions des promoteurs, les taxes sur l'impact et l'echange de biens fonciers publics contre des infrastructures. A l'aide de nombreuses etudes de cas, l'ouvrage montre comment les instruments de financement base sur le foncier ont ete mis en oeuvre et decrit les enseignements tires de ces experiences. Ce guide pratique vise a accroitre le role du financement reposant sur le foncier dans les budgets d'equipement des villes de maniere a renforcer le financement des infrastructures urbaines et les marches fonciers urbains
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8327-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Capturing the Value of Public Land for Urban Infrastructure : Centrally Controlled Landholdings (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Peterson, George E Capturing the Value of Public Land for Urban Infrastructure
    Abstract: Government entities in India hold large amounts of public land. Their landholdings include some of the most valuable property in the country. Parts of this patrimony lie vacant or underutilized. Public sector bodies also own large blocs of land that sometimes stand in the way of efficient completion of urban infrastructure networks. At the same time, urban India is deficient in basic infrastructure-both network infrastructure needed to support economic growth and urban service infrastructure needed to meet basic household needs like water supply, waste removal, and transportation. This condition raises fundamental questions. Are some of government landholdings "surplus" or not needed for service provision? If so, can their economic value be captured to help finance infrastructure investment? This report aims to document evolving government policies toward pubic land management. It examines how active public entities are in identifying "surplus" lands and attempting to monetize them. Public bodies in India have proved reluctant to surrender landholdings. The report therefore considers practical alternatives that have emerged, such as land trading among public institutions. Land exchange can clear the way for completion of important urban infrastructure projects, without requiring public landowners to declare their property "surplus" and suitable for market disposition
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6665
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unlocking Land Values for Urban Infrastructure Finance : International Experience - Considerations for Indian Policy (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Peterson, George E Unlocking Land Values for Urban Infrastructure Finance
    Abstract: Despite strong economic growth, investment in basic urban infrastructure-water supply, wastewater removal and treatment, roads, and other capital-intensive systems-has failed to keep pace with urban growth, leaving a critical urban infrastructure deficit. At the same time, urban lands in these many developing countries are among the most expensive in the world. Much of this land is owned by public authorities. Significant parts of it lie vacant, unused for public service provision or inappropriate for conversion to higher-valued economic activity. A composite public-sector balance sheet for India's urban areas would show an asset mix strong on public-sector landholdings but weak on infrastructure. This raises the following questions: Can some excess public-sector land be exchanged for infrastructure, in a manner that is politically acceptable and economically efficient? Can public land sales be a realistic source of finance for critically needed urban infrastructure investment? This paper considers the policy context that has shaped different land-disposal and earmarking initiatives, provides details about the actual workings of institutions, and examines international experience in infrastructure investment. This study contributes to the consultative process underway in India to consider strategies to unlock public land values to help finance urban infrastructure investment
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6683
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land Leasing And Land Sale As An Infrastructure-Financing Option (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Peterson, George E Land Leasing And Land Sale As An Infrastructure-Financing Option
    Keywords: Budgets ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt ; Fees ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Management ; Housing ; Infrastructure ; Land ; Local Governments ; Management ; Municipal Financial Management ; Municipalities ; Private Sector ; Public ; Public Sector ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Subnational Governance ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Urban Governance and Management ; Budgets ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt ; Fees ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Management ; Housing ; Infrastructure ; Land ; Local Governments ; Management ; Municipal Financial Management ; Municipalities ; Private Sector ; Public ; Public Sector ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Subnational Governance ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Urban Governance and Management ; Budgets ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt ; Fees ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Management ; Housing ; Infrastructure ; Land ; Local Governments ; Management ; Municipal Financial Management ; Municipalities ; Private Sector ; Public ; Public Sector ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Subnational Governance ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Urban Governance and Management
    Abstract: Municipal land sales provide one option for financing urban infrastructure investment. In countries where land is owned by the public sector, land is by far the most valuable asset on the municipal balance sheet. Selling land or long-term leasing rights to land use while investing the proceeds in infrastructure facilities can be viewed as a type of portfolio asset adjustment. This paper shows that in China many municipalities have financed more than half of their high rates of infrastructure investment from land sales, for periods of 10 to 15 years. Much of the remaining investment has been financed by municipal borrowing against the collateral of land values. Other countries also have turned to land sales and leasing for infrastructure finance. From a local perspective, land sales have the advantage that they typically are free from the intergovernmental restrictions that require higher-level approval for increases in local tax rates or user fees and that restrict local government borrowing. However, financing municipal infrastructure investment through land sales creates special risks that are not recognized in most intergovernmental fiscal frameworks. One danger involves the use of proceeds to finance operating budgets. Risk exposure is exaggerated by the highly volatile nature of urban land markets and evidence that in some countries urban land values in 2006 reflected a real estate bubble. In the past, Hong Kong, a jurisdiction that has relied heavily on land-leasing to finance its infrastructure budget, has seen land sales fall to zero at the bottom of the real estate cycle. The greatest financial sector risk stems from municipal borrowing based on inflated land values offered as collateral to banks. Sound intergovernmental fiscal management will require tighter regulation of municipalities' financial leveraging of land assets to avoid excessive risk taking by local governments
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lessons for the urban century : decentralized infrastructure finance in the World Bank (2008)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821375245 , 0821375253 , 9780821375242 , 9780821375259
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 92 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Infrastructure
    DDC: 332.1/532
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; World Bank ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Municipal finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decentralization in Latin America : learning through experience (1997)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082133865X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v, 38 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 336.8
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Political participation ; Decentralization in government ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Political participation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unlocking land values to finance urban infrastructure (2009)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821377094 , 0821377108 , 9780821377093 , 9780821377109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 128 pages) , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Trends and policy options no. 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 333.1/6
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Land use, Urban ; Public land sales
    Note: "Helping to eliminate poverty through private involvement in infrastructure." , Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-117) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7709-3
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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