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  • Dordrecht : Springer  (351)
  • Linguistics  (263)
  • Artificial intelligence
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of Linguistic Annotation (2017)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789402408812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 1459 p. 264 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Social Sciences
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Handbook of linguistic annotation ; Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Database management ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Application software ; Computational linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computerlinguistik ; Annotation
    Abstract: This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers. Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one
    Abstract: Part One -- Introduction -- Designing annotation schemes: from theory to model -- Designing Annotation schemes: from model to representation -- Community standards -- Creating annotations -- Using annotations -- Part Two: Case Studies -- General Corpora -- Treebanks -- Semantic annotation -- Discourse level annotation -- Speech (transcribed) -- Biomedical annotations
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0881-2
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    URL: Inhaltstext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modality in Argumentation : A Semantic Investigation of the Role of Modalities in the Structure of Arguments with an Application to Italian Modal Expressions (2017)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789402410631
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 488 p. 66 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 29
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Social Sciences
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rocci, Andrea Modality in argumentation
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    RVK:
    ET 660
    Keywords: Logic ; Language and languages Philosophy ; Semantics ; Sociolinguistics ; Linguistics ; Language and languages Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Semantics ; Sociolinguistics ; Modalität ; Argumentationstheorie ; Argumentstruktur ; Italienisch ; Modalität
    Abstract: This book addresses two related questions that have first arisen in Toulmin’s seminal book on the uses of argument. The first question is the one of the relationship between the semantic analysis of modality and the structure of arguments. The second question is the one of the distinctive place, or role, of modality in the fundamental structure of arguments. These two questions concern how modality, as a semantic category, relates to the fundamental structure of arguments. The book addresses modality and argumentation also according to another perspective by looking at how different linguistic modal expressions may be taken as argumentative indicators. It explores the role of modal expressions as argumentative indicators by using the Italian modal system as a case study. At the same time, it uses predictions/forecasts in the business-financial daily press to investigate the relation between modality and the context of argumentation
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Meaning and argumentation -- Chapter 2: Three views of modality in Toulmin -- Chapter 3: Relative modality and argumentation -- Chapter 4: Types of conversational backgrounds and arguments -- Chapter 5: Case studies of Italian modal constructions in context -- Conclusion -- Index
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1063-1
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Computational Methods for Corpus Annotation and Analysis (2014)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401786454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 186 p. 22 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Lu, Xiaofei Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis
    RVK:
    ST 306
    Keywords: Translators (Computer programs) ; Applied linguistics ; Linguistics ; Korpus ; Computerlinguistik
    Abstract: In the past few decades the use of increasingly large text corpora has grown rapidly in language and linguistics research. This was enabled by remarkable strides in natural language processing (NLP) technology, technology that enables computers to automatically and efficiently process, annotate and analyze large amounts of spoken and written text in linguistically and/or pragmatically meaningful ways. It has become more desirable than ever before for language and linguistics researchers who use corpora in their research to gain an adequate understanding of the relevant NLP technology to take full advantage of its capabilities. This volume provides language and linguistics researchers with an accessible introduction to the state-of-the-art NLP technology that facilitates automatic annotation and analysis of large text corpora at both shallow and deep linguistic levels. The book covers a wide range of computational tools for lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discourse analysis, together with detailed instructions on how to obtain, install and use each tool in different operating systems and platforms. The book illustrates how NLP technology has been applied in recent corpus-based language studies and suggests effective ways to better integrate such technology in future corpus linguistics research. This book provides language and linguistics researchers with a valuable reference for corpus annotation and analysis.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8645-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paraconsistency: Logic and Applications (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400744387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 375 p. 31 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 26
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Tanaka, Kōji, 1965 - Paraconsistency
    RVK:
    CC 2600
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Parakonsistente Logik
    Abstract: A logic is called 'paraconsistent' if it rejects the rule called 'ex contradictione quodlibet', according to which any conclusion follows from inconsistent premises. While logicians have proposed many technically developed paraconsistent logical systems and contemporary philosophers like Graham Priest have advanced the view that some contradictions can be true, and advocated a paraconsistent logic to deal with them, until recent times these systems have been little understood by philosophers. This book presents a comprehensive overview on paraconsistent logical systems to change this situation. The book includes almost every major author currently working in the field. The papers are on the cutting edge of the literature some of which discuss current debates and others present important new ideas. The editors have avoided papers about technical details of paraconsistent logic, but instead concentrated upon works that discuss more "big picture" ideas. Different treatments of paradoxes takes centre stage in many of the papers, but also there are several papers on how to interpret paraconistent logic and some on how it can be applied to philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and metaphysics
    Abstract: A logic is called 'paraconsistent' if it rejects the rule called 'ex contradictione quodlibet', according to which any conclusion follows from inconsistent premises. While logicians have proposed many technically developed paraconsistent logical systems and contemporary philosophers like Graham Priest have advanced the view that some contradictions can be true, and advocated a paraconsistent logic to deal with them, until recent times these systems have been little understood by philosophers. This book presents a comprehensive overview on paraconsistent logical systems to change this situation. The book includes almost every major author currently working in the field. The papers are on the cutting edge of the literature some of which discuss current debates and others present important new ideas. The editors have avoided papers about technical details of paraconsistent logic, but instead concentrated upon works that discuss more 'big picture' ideas. Different treatments of paradoxes takes centre stage in many of the papers, but also there are several papers on how to interpret paraconistent logic and some on how it can be applied to philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and metaphysics.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Part 2. Applications ; An Approach to Human-Level Commonsense Reasoning , Paraconsistency: Introduction , Distribution in the Logic of Meaning Containment and in Quantum Mechanics , Wittgenstein on Incompleteness Makes Paraconsistent Sense , Pluralism and "Bad" Mathematical Theories: Challenging our Prejudices , Arithmetic Starred , Notes on Inconsistent Set Theory , Sorting out the Sorites , Are the Sorites and Liar Paradox of a Kind? , Vague Inclosures , Part 1. Logic ; Making Sense of Paraconsistent Logic: The Nature of Logic, Classical Logic and Paraconsistent Logic , On Discourses Addressed by Infidel Logicians , Information, Negation, and Paraconsistency , Noisy vs. Merely Equivocal Logics , Assertion, Denial and Non-classical Theories , New Arguments for Adaptive Logics as Unifying Frame for the Defeasible Handling of Inconsistency , Consequence as Preservation: Some Refinements , On Modal Logics Defining Jaśkowski's D2-Consequence , FDE: A Logic of Clutters , A Paraconsistent and Substructural Conditional Logic
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4438-7
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Compounding in Modern Greek (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400749603
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 301 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Morphology 2
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Ralli, Angela Compounding in Modern Greek
    RVK:
    FC 5151
    Keywords: Greek philology ; Phonology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Greek philology ; Phonology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Greek language, Modern ; Compound words
    Abstract: One of the core challenges in linguistics is elucidating compounds-their formation as well as the reasons their structure varies between languages. This book on Modern Greek rises to the challenge with a meticulous treatment of its diverse, intricate compounds, a study as grounded in theory as it is rich in data. Enhancing our knowledge of compounding and word-formation in general, its exceptional scope is a worthy model for linguists, particularly morphologists, and offers insights for students of syntax, phonology, dialectology and typology, among others.The author examines first-tier themes such as the order and relations of constituents, headedness, exocentricity, and theta-role saturation. She shows how Modern Greek compounding relates to derivation and inflection, and charts the boundaries between compounds and phrases. Exploring dialectically variant compounds, and identifying historical changes, the analysis extends to similarly formed compounds in wholly unrelated languages.
    Description / Table of Contents: Compounding in Modern Greek; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; References; Chapter 2: Defining a Greek Compound; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Greek as a Stem-Based Language; 2.3 In Search of a Definition; 2.3.1 Single Stress; 2.3.2 Bound Constituents; 2.3.3 Structural Position; 2.3.4 Linking Element; 2.3.5 Semantic Opacity; 2.3.6 Lexical Integrity; 2.3.7 Graphic Unity; 2.3.8 Compounds Versus Syntactic Constructions; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Grammatical Category and Constituents; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Nouns; 3.3 Adjectives; 3.4 Verbs
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.5 Other Categories3.5.1 Adverbs; 3.5.2 Compounds with a Pronoun or a Cardinal Number; 3.6 Summary; References; Chapter 4: Compound Marking; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Properties; 4.2.1 Stem-Driven Presence; 4.2.2 Lexically Marked Absence; 4.3 Linking Elements Cross-Linguistically; 4.4 Previous Analyses; 4.5 Morphological Status; 4.6 The Parameter of Overtly Expressed Paradigmatic Inflection; 4.7 Position; 4.8 The Morphological-Category Parameter; 4.9 Origin; 4.10 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Stress and Morphological Structure; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Type of Inflection
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.3 The Position of Stress5.4 Special Categories; 5.4.1 Verbal Compounds; 5.4.2 Compounds Ending in a Derived Item; 5.4.3 Neuters in -i; 5.5 More Compound Structures; 5.6 Recursion in Compounding; 5.7 Summary; References; Chapter 6: Headedness and Classification; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Classification; 6.3 Headedness; 6.3.1 The Notion of Head; 6.3.2 Position; 6.3.3 Exocentricity; 6.4 Summary; References; Chapter 7: Constraints, Allomorphy and Form of Compound Constituents; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Bare-Stem Constraint; 7.2.1 Apparent Counter Examples; 7.3 Allomorphy
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.3.1 Allomorphy in Compounding7.3.2 Allomorphs of Ancient Greek Origin; 7.4 Compound Types; 7.4.1 -Learned Compound Constituents; 7.4.2 +Learned Compound Constituents; 7.4.3 Mixed Types; 7.5 Summary; References; Chapter 8: Coordinative Compounds; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 What Is a Coordinative Compound?; 8.3 Classification; 8.4 Headedness; 8.5 Historical Development; 8.6 Coordinative Compounds in Modern Greek Dialects; 8.7 Summary; References; Chapter 9: Verbal and Deverbal Compounds; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Categories; 9.2.1 Exocentric Formations; 9.2.2 Endocentric Formations
    Description / Table of Contents: 9.3 Compound-Internal Theta-Role Saturation9.4 Configurations; 9.5 Meaning; 9.6 Summary; References; Chapter 10: Deverbal Compounds with Bound Stems; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 State of the Art; 10.3 Compounds or Derived Words?; 10.4 Grammatical Category of Bound Stems; 10.5 Headedness and Restrictions; 10.6 Productivity; 10.7 Summary; References; Chapter 11: Compounding Versus Derivation and Inflection; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Compounding Versus Derivation; 11.2.1 Order of Application; 11.2.2 Affixoids; 11.3 Compounding Versus Inflection; 11.4 Summary; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 12: Compounds Versus Phrases
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Tables -- Introduction -- Defining a Greek compound -- 2. Grammatical category and constituents -- 3. Compound marking -- 4. Stress and morphological structure -- 5. Headedness and classification -- 6. Constraints, allomorphy and form of constituents -- 7. Coordinative compounds -- 8. Verbal and deverbal compounds -- 9. Deverbal compounds with bound stems -- 10. Compounding versus derivation and inflection -- 11. Compounds versus phrases -- Appendix I  Greek: a brief history . Periodization . Geography - Dialectal variation . References -- Appendix II Greek inflection: an overview . Verbal inflection . Nominal inflection . References -- Appendix III List of compounds -- Subject Index..
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4960-3
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Studies in the Composition and Decomposition of Event Predicates (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400759831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 252 p. 21 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 93
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Studies in the composition and decomposition of event predicates
    RVK:
    ET 690
    RVK:
    ET 675
    RVK:
    ET 670
    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Verbalphrase ; Ereignissemantik
    Abstract: This detailed, perceptive addition to the linguistics literature analyzes the semantic components of event predicates, exploring their fine-grained elements as well as their agency in linguistic processing. The papers go beyond pure semantics to consider their varying influences of event predicates on argument structure, aspect, scalarity, and event structure.The volume shows how advances in the linguistic theory of event predicates, which have spawned Davidsonian and neo-Davidsonian notions of event arguments, in addition to ‘event structure’ frameworks and mereological models for the eventuality domain, have sidelined research on specific sets of entailments that support a typology of event predicates. Addressing this imbalance in the literature, the work also presents evidence indicating a more complex role for scalar structures than currently assumed. It will enrich the work of semanticists, psycholinguists, and syntacticians with a decompositional approach to verb phrase structure
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies in the Composition and Decomposition of Event Predicates; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: The (De)composition of Event Predicates; 1.1 Subatomic Semantics of Event Predicates; 1.2 Aspectual Composition; 1.2.1 Event-Argument Homomorphism; 1.2.2 Scales, Degrees, Generalized Paths; 1.2.3 The Contribution of the Verb vs. Other Elements; 1.2.4 Aspectual Tests, Coercion, Quantified Incremental Arguments; 1.3 Adverbial Modification; 1.3.1 Interaction with Event Structure; 1.3.2 Interaction with Scales; 1.3.3 Interaction with Temporal Structure; 1.4 Experimental Studies of Event Predicates
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.5 ConclusionReferences; Chapter 2: On the Criteria for Distinguishing Accomplishments from Activities, and Two Types of Aspectual Misfits; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Criteria for the Distinction Between Activities and Accomplishments; 2.2.1 Telos; 2.2.2 The Subinterval Property (Homogeneity) and Cumulativity; 2.2.3 Specifying Temporal Extent; 2.2.4 Entailments Between Simple Tense and Progressive Sentences; 2.2.5 Result States; 2.2.6 Iteration; 2.2.7 Accomplishments Can Have Two Readings Where Activities Have Only One; 2.2.8 Partial Completion; 2.3 Accomplishments Entail Activities
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.4 Delimited Situations Without a Predetermined Telos2.4.1 The Problem; 2.4.2 Hallman's Solution; 2.4.3 A Pragmatic Explanation; 2.5 Predicates with Selected Non-specific DPs; 2.5.1 (Unstressed) Some, a Few, Many/a Lot Of; 2.5.2 At Most, at Least; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Lexicalized Meaning and Manner/Result Complementarity; 3.1 Manner/Result Complementarity: A Constraint on Verb Meaning?; 3.2 Manners, Results and the Relation Between Them; 3.3 Putative Counterexamples to Manner/Result Complementarity; 3.4 A Potential Counterexample from the Change of State Domain
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.5 A Potential Counterexample from the Motion Domain3.5.1 The Manner Lexicalized by Climb; 3.5.2 Where Does the Inference of Upwardness Come From?; 3.5.3 Transitive Climb Does Not Lexicalize Direction; 3.5.4 The Direction-Only Use of Climb; 3.6 Potential Counterexamples Are Systematic, Even if Sporadic; 3.7 Concluding Words: The Lesson from the Problematic Verbs; References; Chapter 4: Oriented Adverbs and Object Experiencer Psych-Verbs; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Subjective Adverbs: Typology and Ambiguities; 4.2.1 Dispositional Adverbs; 4.2.1.1 Introduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1.2 The Manner Reading: Two Previous Analyses4.2.2 Psychological Adverbs; 4.2.2.1 Ernst 2002; 4.2.2.2 Geuder 2000/2004; 4.2.3 Relative and Absolute Transparent Adverbs; 4.2.4 The Manner Reading of Adverbs with a Transparent Use; 4.2.5 Evaluative Reading; 4.2.6 Result Reading; 4.3 Subjective Adverbs and Weakly Agentive Predicates; 4.3.1 Convince Cleverly; 4.3.2 Convince Patiently; 4.3.3 Psychological Adverbs; 4.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Two Sources of Scalarity Within the Verb Phrase; 5.1 Scalarity and the Verb Phrase; 5.2 Eventive and Evaluative Uses of Half
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.2.1 Two Readings
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Boban Arsenijević, Berit Gehrke & Rafael Marín: Introduction: The (De)composition of Event Predicates -- 2. Anita Mittwoch: On the Criteria for Distinguishing Accomplishments from Activities, and Two Types of Aspectual Misfits -- 3. Beth Levin & Malka Rappaport Hovav: Lexicalized Meaning and Manner/Result Complementarity -- 4. Fabienne Martin: Oriented Adverbs and Object Experiencer Psych-verbs -- 5. M. Ryan Bochnak: Two Sources of Scalarity within the Verb Phrase -- 6. Jens Fleischhauer: Interaction of Telicity and Degree Gradation in Change of State Verbs   -- 7. Kyle Rawlins: On Adverbs of (Space and) Time -- 8. Oliver Bott: The Processing Domain of Aspectual Information -- 9. Evie Malaia, Ronnie B. Wilbur & Christine Weber-Fox: Event End-Point Primes the Undergoer Argument: Neurobiological Bases of  Event Structure Processing.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5983-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The Laws of Robots : Crimes, Contracts, and Torts (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400765641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 200 p. 22 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Law, Governance and Technology Series 10
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pagallo, Ugo The laws of robots
    RVK:
    PZ 3250
    RVK:
    SR 850
    Keywords: Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers Law and legislation ; Civil law ; Criminal Law ; Law ; Law ; Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers Law and legislation ; Civil law ; Criminal Law ; Computer ; Privatrecht ; Strafrecht ; Roboter ; Recht
    Abstract: This book explores how the design, construction, and use of robotics technology may affect today’s legal systems and, more particularly, matters of responsibility and agency in criminal law, contractual obligations, and torts. By distinguishing between the behaviour of robots as tools of human interaction, and robots as proper agents in the legal arena, jurists will have to address a new generation of “hard cases.” General disagreement may concern immunity in criminal law (e.g., the employment of robot soldiers in battle), personal accountability for certain robots in contracts (e.g., robo-traders), much as clauses of strict liability and negligence-based responsibility in extra-contractual obligations (e.g., service robots in tort law). Since robots are here to stay, the aim of the law should be to wisely govern our mutual relationships
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: On Law, Philosophy and Technology; 2.1 The Philosophy of Law and Robots; 2.1.1 The Law in Literature; 2.1.2 Sources, Concepts, and Legal Reasoning; 2.1.3 The Levels of Abstraction; 2.2 The Principle of Responsibility; 2.2.1 Immunity; 2.2.2 Strict Liability; 2.2.3 Personal Fault; 2.2.4 Responsibility for a Robot; 2.3 Agency and Accountability of Artificial Agents; 2.3.1 A Moral Threshold; 2.3.2 Agents Before the Law; 2.4 Who Pays?; Chapter 3: Crimes; 3.1 Sci-Fi Scenarios
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 The States of Mind and Criminal Acts3.3 Robots and Just Wars; 3.3.1 What Robots Might Change; 3.3.2 Just Causes of War; 3.3.3 Conditions of Just Wars; 3.3.4 Proportionality; 3.4 The Phenomenology of Picciotto Roboto; 3.4.1 Picciotto by Design; 3.4.2 Crimes of Intent; 3.4.3 Crimes of Negligence; 3.5 A Failure of Causation?; Chapter 4: Contracts; 4.1 Pacts, Clauses and Risk; 4.2 The Artificial Doctor; 4.2.1 Parties, Counterparties and Third Parties; 4.2.2 Producers, Users and Patients; 4.3 Robo-Traders; 4.3.1 Artificial Greediness; 4.3.2 The Robot and the Principal
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3.3 A New Agent in Town4.4 Modern Robots, Ancient Slaves; 4.4.1 The Digital Peculium; 4.5 The UV Revolution; 4.5.1 AI Chauffeurs and Intelligent Car Sharing; 4.5.2 Unjust Damages; Chapter 5: Torts; 5.1 Bad Intentions; 5.2 Children, Pets and Negligence; 5.2.1 American Parents; 5.2.2 Italian Parents; 5.3 AI Employees and Strict Liability Rules; 5.3.1 The Digital Peculium Revisited; 5.4 Burdens of Proof; 5.4.1 The Precautionary Principle; 5.4.2 Robotic Openness; Chapter 6: Law as Meta-technology; 6.1 Robots as Legal Persons; 6.1.1 The Front of Robotic Liberation; 6.1.2 The Pragmatic Stance
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.2 Robots as Strict Agents6.3 Sources of Good and Evil; 6.4 Levels of Complexity; 6.4.1 Technologies of Social Control; 6.4.2 The Political Requirement; Conclusions; References
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6564-1
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  • 8
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    Different Kinds of Specificity Across Languages (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400753105
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 207 p. 220 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 92
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Different kinds of specificity across languages
    RVK:
    ES 460
    Keywords: Comparative linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Comparative linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Definiteness (Linguistics) ; Semantics ; Konferenzschrift 2007 ; Definitheit ; Kontrastive Semantik
    Abstract: This anthology of papers analyzes a range of specificity markers found in natural languages. It reflects the fact that despite intensive research into these markers, the vast differences between the markers across languages and even within single languages have been less acknowledged. Commonly regarded specific indefinites are by no means a homogenous class, and so this volume fills a gap in our understanding of the semantics and pragmatics of indefinites. The papers explore differences and similarities among these specificity markers, concentrating on the following issues: whether specificity is a purely semantic or also a pragmatic notion; whether the contribution of specificity markers is located on the level of the at-issue content; whether some kind of speaker-listener asymmetry concerning the identification of the referent is involved; and the behavioral scope of these indefinites in the context of other quantifiers, negation, attitude verbs, and intensional/modal operators
    Abstract: This anthology of papers analyzes a range of specificity markers found in natural languages. It reflects the fact that despite intensive research into these markers, the vast differences between the markers across languages and even within single languages have been less acknowledged. Commonly regarded specific indefinites are by no means a homogenous class, and so this volume fills a gap in our understanding of the semantics and pragmatics of indefinites.The papers explore differences and similarities among these specificity markers, concentrating on the following issues: whether specificity is a purely semantic or also a pragmatic notion; whether the contribution of specificity markers is located on the level of the at-issue content; whether some kind of speaker-listener asymmetry concerning the identification of the referent is involved; and the behavioral scope of these indefinites in the context of other quantifiers, negation, attitude verbs, and intensional/modal operators.
    Description / Table of Contents: Different Kinds of Specificity Across Languages; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; References; Chapter 2: Specificity Markers and Nominal Exclamatives in French; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Un N Précis Versus un N; 2.2.1 An Anti-singleton Indefinite; 2.2.2 A Selective Indefinite; 2.2.3 Background and Scope; 2.3 Un Certain N Versus un N (Précis); 2.3.1 Un Certain N And un N Précis; 2.3.2 Un Certain N Versus un N; 2.3.2.1 The Uses of un Certain N; 2.3.2.2 The Evidential Value of un Certain N; 2.3.3 Intermediate Conclusion; 2.4 The Puzzle of Exclamative Nominal Sentences
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.4.1 The Guise of the Surprise2.4.2 A Temporal Conflict; 2.4.3 Some Speculations About Evaluative Items; 2.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: The Interpretation of the German Specificity Markers Bestimmt and Gewiss; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Syntax of Bestimmt and Gewiss; 3.3 Semantic Differences Between Bestimmt and Gewiss; 3.3.1 Identifiability; 3.3.2 The Scope-Taking Behaviour of `Bestimmt' and `Gewiss'; 3.3.2.1 Negation; 3.3.2.2 Nominal Quantifiers; 3.3.2.3 Conditionals; 3.3.2.4 Intensional Operators; 3.4 A Comparison to Other Specificity Markers; 3.5 A Formal Analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.5.1 Technicalities: Concealed Questions Under Cover3.5.2 The Meaning of `Bestimmt'; 3.5.2.1 Pragmatic Issues; 3.5.2.2 Identifiability; 3.5.2.3 Scope: Nominal Quantifiers; 3.5.2.4 Scope: Negation; 3.5.2.5 Scope: Intensional Operators and Conditionals; 3.5.3 Technicalities: Conventional Implicatures; 3.5.4 The Meaning of `Gewiss'; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Pragmatic Variation Among Specificity Markers; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Specificity Marking in English and Russian; 4.3 Felicity Conditions on Specificity; 4.3.1 ThisR-Indefinites and Noteworthiness
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3.2 OdinR-Indefinites and Identifiability4.3.3 Felicity Conditions: Noteworthiness vs. Identifiability; 4.3.4 Shades of Identifiability; 4.3.5 Crosslinguistic Evidence; 4.4 Anti-uniqueness; 4.4.1 A Possible Answer: Maximize Presupposition; 4.4.2 Deriving the Anti-uniqueness Effects on OdinR; 4.5 Possessive Constructions; 4.5.1 Types of Possessive Constructions in Russian; 4.5.2 Possessive Constructions and Specificity in Russian; 4.5.3 The Puzzle; 4.6 Conclusion and Further Questions; References; Chapter 5: Certain Presuppositions and Some Intermediate Readings, and Vice Versa
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Introduction5.2 Choice Functions and Intermediate Readings; 5.2.1 Wide-Scope Indefinites and Choice Functions; 5.2.2 Existential Closure versus Choice Functions from Context; 5.3 Different Kinds of Exceptional Scope: A Certain and Some; 5.4 The Meaning for Some and a Presuppositional Explanation of Schwarz's Generalization; 5.5 Presuppositions of a Certain; 5.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Exceptional Scope: The Case of Spanish; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Domain Restriction and Exceptional Scope: Un vs. Algún; 6.2.1 Singleton Indefinites; 6.2.2 Un vs. Algún
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.2.3 Testing the Prediction: Un vs. Algún in Relative Clauses and Conditionals
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5310-5
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  • 9
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    New Domains and Methodologies (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400762503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 296 p. 58 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Yearbook of corpus linguistics and pragmatics ... 1
    Series Statement: Yearbook of corpus linguistics and pragmatics ...
    RVK:
    ES 900
    Keywords: Information systems ; Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Information systems ; Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Applied linguistics ; Information systems ; Language and languages ; Linguistics ; Korpus ; Pragmatik
    Abstract: The Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2013 discusses current methodological debates on the synergy of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics research. The volume presents insightful Pragmatic analyses of corpora in new technological domains and devotes some chapters to the pragmatic description of spoken corpora from various theoretical traditions. The Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics series will give readers insight into how Pragmatics can be used to explain real corpus data, and, in addition, how corpora can explain Pragmatic intuitions, and from there, develop and refine theory. Corpus Linguistics can offer a meticulous methodology based on mathematics and statistics, while Pragmatics is characterized by its efforts to interpret intended meaning in real language. This yearbook offers a platform to scholars who combine both research methodologies to present rigorous and interdisciplinary findings about language in real use
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; New Domains and Methodologies in Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics Research, an Introduction; References; Part I: Current Theoretical Issues in Pragmatics and Corpus Linguistics Research; Advancing the Research Agenda of Interlanguage Pragmatics: The Role of Learner Corpora; 1 Pragmatics in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Critical Assessment; 1.1 Interlanguage Pragmatics and Its Scope of Inquiry; 1.2 Modeling L2 Pragmatic Knowledge; 2 Going Beyond Speech Acts: The Role of Learner Corpora; 3 Case Studies; 3.1 Data and Methodology; 3.2 Emphatic Do; 3.3 Demonstrative Clefts
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 ConclusionReferences; Corpus Linguistics and Conversation Analysis at the Interface: Theoretical Perspectives, Practical Outcomes; 1 Introduction; 2 Corpus Linguistics: Epistemology and Ontology; 3 Conversation Analysis: Epistemology and Ontology; 4 A CLCA Methodology; 5 Discussion; 6 Conclusion; References; Small Corpora and Pragmatics; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Small Corpora in Corpus Linguistics; 2 The Use of Small Corpora in Pragmatic Research: A Selective Review; 3 A Case Study: 'We' in Small Corpora; 3.1 Frequency; 3.2 Family Discourse: Inclusive and Exclusive WE
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3 Workplace Discourse: The Indexical Ground of WE4 Summary and Conclusions; References; Part II: New Domains for Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics; Multiword Structures in Different Materials, and with Different Goals and Methodologies; 1 Introduction; 2 Forerunners: Concordances, Collocational Frames and Collocation; 3 Three Methods Exploring MWSs in SLA; 3.1 The Phraseological Method; 3.2 The Lexical Bundle Method; 3.3 The Comprehensive Method; 4 Comparison Between the Phraseological, Lexical Bundles and Comprehensive Methods: Time-Economy and Quality; 4.1 Time-Economy and Quality
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2 Qualitative Aspects: The Phraseological Method4.3 Qualitative Aspects: The Lexical Bundle Method; 4.4 Qualitative Aspects: The Comprehensive Method; 4.5 Main Points of Comparison Between the Three Methods; 5 An Empirical Study: Two Methods Illustrated on the Basis of the Same Material; 5.1 Material; 5.2 Task; 5.3 The Comprehensive Method: Categories and Inclusion; 5.4 The Lexical Bundle Method: Length of Bundles; 6 Comparison of a Selection of Results from the Empirical Study; 6.1 Numbers of MWS and LB Types in the Four Sub-corpora; 6.2 The Most Frequent MWSs and LBs
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.3 Types Captured by Both Methods6.4 Patterns Captured by One Method Only; 7 Conclusions; Appendices; Appendix A. Lexical Bundles - English; Appendix B. MWS - English; Appendix C. NSs and NNSs: Alphabetical Lists of Bundles; Example: A- Headed Bundles in the English Material; NS: Alphabetical List of A- Headed Bundles; NNS: Alphabetical List of A- Headed Bundles; Appendix D. Lexical Bundles - Spanish; Appendix E. MWSs - Spanish; References; Discourse Functions of Recurrent Multi-word Sequences in Online and Spoken Intercultural Communication; 1 Introduction; 2 What Are Multi-word Sequences?
    Description / Table of Contents: 3 Multi-word Sequences and Functional Language Use
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6250-3
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  • 10
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    Agreement Technologies (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400755833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 645 p. 133 illus) , digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2013 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law, Governance and Technology Series 8
    Parallel Title: Print version Agreement Technologies
    DDC: 006.3
    RVK:
    ST 300
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Data processing ; Datenverarbeitung ; Künstliche Intelligenz
    Abstract: More and more transactions, whether in business or related to leisure activities, are mediated automatically by computers and computer networks, and this trend is having a significant impact on the conception and design of new computer applications. The next generation of these applications will be based on software agents to which increasingly complex tasks can be delegated, and which interact with each other in sophisticated ways so as to forge agreements in the interest of their human users. The wide variety of technologies supporting this vision is the subject of this volume. It summarises the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action project on Agreement Technologies (AT), during which approximately 200 researchers from 25 European countries, along with eight institutions from non-COST countries, cooperated as part of a number of working groups. The book is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of Agreement Technologies, written and coordinated by the leading researchers in the field. The results set out here are due for wide dissemination beyond the computing sector, involving law and social science as well.
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. I. Foundations -- pt. II. Semantics in agreement technologies -- pt. III. Norms -- pt. IV. Organisations and institutions -- pt. V. Argumentation and negotiation -- pt. VI. Trust and reputation -- pt. VII. Applications.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Part I Foundations -- 1 Agreement Technologies: A Computing perspective; Sascha Ossowski, Carles Sierra and Vicente Botti -- 2 Agreement and Relational Justice: A Perspective from Philosophy and Sociology of Law; Pompeu Casanovas -- 3 Agreements as the Grease (not the Glue) of Society: A Cognitive and Social Science Perspective; Fabio Paglieri -- Part II Semantics in Agreement Technologies -- 4 Agreement Technologies and the Semantic Web; Axel Polleres -- 5 Logical formalisms for Agreement Technologies; Antoine Zimmermann -- 6 Reconciling heterogeneous knowledge with ontology matching; Cássia Trojahn and George Vouros -- 7 Semantics in Multi-Agent Systems; Nicoletta Fornara, Gordan Ježi´c, Mario Kušek, Ignac Lovrek, Vedran Podobnik, Krunoslav Tržec -- 8 SemanticWeb Services in Agreement Technologies; Zijie Cong and Alberto Fernández -- 9 Using ontologies to manage resources in Grid computing-practical aspects; Michał Drozdowicz, Maria Ganzha, Katarzyna Wasielewska, MarcinPaprzycki and Paweł Szmeja -- Part III Norms -- 10 Deontic logic; Jan Broersen, Dov Gabbay, Andreas Herzig, Emiliano Lorini, John-Jules Meyer, Xavier Parent and Leendert van der Torre -- 11 (Social) Norms and Agent-Based Simulation; Giulia Andrighetto, Stephen Cranefield, Rosaria Conte, Martin Purvis, Maryam Purvis, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Daniel Villatoro -- 12 Norms in Game Theory; Davide Grossi, Luca Tummolini and Paolo Turrini -- 13 AI and Law; Giovanni Sartor and Antonino Rotolo -- 14 Normative Agents; Michael Luck, Samhar Mahmoud, Felipe Meneguzzi, Martin Kollingbaum, Timothy J. Norman, Natalia Criado and Moser SilvaFagundes -- 15 Norms and Trust; Rino Falcone, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Andrew Jones and Eugénio Oliveira -- 16 Norms and Argumentation; Nir Oren, Antonino Rotolo, Leendert van der Torre and Serena Villata -- Part IV Organisations and Institutions -- 17 Describing agent organisations; Estefanía Argente, Olivier Boissier, Sergio Esparcia, Jana Görmer, Kristi Kirikal and Kuldar Taveter -- 18 Modelling Agent Institutions; Nicoletta Fornara, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Pablo Noriega, Eugénio Oliveira and Charalampos Tampitsikas -- 19 Organisational Reasoning Agents; Olivier Boissier and M. Birna van Riemsdijk -- 20 Adaptive Agent Organisations; Estefanía Argente, Holger Billhardt, Carlos Cuesta, Sergio Esparcia, Jana Görmer, Ramón Hermoso, Kristi Kirikal, Marin Lujak, José-Santiago Pérez-Sotelo and Kuldar Taveter --  Part V Argumentation and Negotiation -- 21 The Added Value of Argumentation; Sanjay Modgil, Francesca Toni, Floris Bex, Ivan Bratko, Carlos I. Chesñevar, Wolfgang Dvoˇrák, Marcelo A. Falappa, Xiuyi Fan, Sarah Alice Gaggl, Alejandro J. García, María P. González, Thomas F. Gordon, João Leite, Martin Možina, Chris Reed, Guillermo R. Simari, Stefan Szeider, Paolo Torroni and Stefan Woltran --  22 Trends in Multiagent Negotiation: from Bilateral Bargaining to Consensus Policies; Enrique de la Hoz, Miguel A. López-Carmona and Iván Marsá-Maestre -- Part VI Trust and Reputation -- 23 A Socio-Cognitive Perspective of Trust; Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugénio Oliveira -- 24 Qualitative Assessment Dynamics - QAD; Denis Trˇcek -- 25 Argumentation and Trust; Andrew Koster, Jordi Sabater-Mir and Marco Schorlemmer -- 26 Ontology, Semantics and Reputation; Andrew Koster and Jeff Z. Pan -- 27 Attacks and Vulnerabilities of Trust and Reputation Models; Jose M. Such -- 28 Reputation and Organisations; Olivier Boissier, Jomi Fred Hübner and Laurent Vercouter -- 29 Building Relationships with Trust; Carles Sierra and John Debenham -- Part VII Applications -- 30 Arguing to Support Customers: the Call Centre Study Case; Stella Heras, Jaume Jordán, Vicente Botti and Vicente Julián -- 31 Agreement Technologies for Supporting the Planning and Execution of Transports; Paul Davidsson, Marie Gustafsson Friberger, Johan Holmgren, Andreas Jacobsson and Jan A. Persson -- 32 ANTE: Agreement Negotiation in Normative and Trust-enabled Environments; Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, António J. M. Castro and Eugénio Oliveira -- 33 mWater, a Case Study for Modeling Virtual Markets; Antonio Garrido, Adriana Giret, Vicente Botti and Pablo Noriega -- 34 v-mWater: an e-Government Application for Water Rights Agreements; Pablo Almajano, Tomas Trescak, Marc Esteva, Inmaculada Rodríguez and Maite López-Sánchez -- 35 Coordinating Emergency Medical Assistance; Marin Lujak and Holger Billhardt -- 36 An environment to build and track agent-based business collaborations; Toni Penya-Alba, Boris Mikhaylov, Marc Pujol-González, Bruno Rosell, Jesús Cerquides, Juan A. Rodríguez-Aguilar, Marc Esteva, Àngela Fàbregues, Jordi Madrenas, Carles Sierra, Carlos Carrascosa, Vicente Julián, Mario Rodrigo and Matteo Vasirani -- 37 A Virtual Selling Agent which is Persuasive and Adaptive; Fabien Delecroix, Maxime Morge and Jean-Christophe Routier -- A Editors’ Short Bios. .
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    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5583-3
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  • 11
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    Semantics of Genitive Objects in Russian : A Study of Genitive of Negation and Intensional Genitive Case (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400752252 , 128369817X , 9781283698177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 186 p. 4 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 89
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kagan, Olga, 1977 - Semantics of genitive objects in Russian
    RVK:
    KG 1676
    RVK:
    KQ 1170
    Keywords: Russian language ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Russian language ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Russian language ; Grammar ; Russian language ; Case ; Russisch ; Negation ; Genitiv ; Russisch ; Negation ; Genitiv
    Abstract: The genitive/accusative opposition in Slavic languages is a decades-old linguistic conundrum. Shedding new light on this perplexing object-case alternation in Russian, this volume analyzes two variants of genitive objects that alternate with accusative complements-the genitive of negation and the intensional genitive. The author contends that these variants are manifestations of the same phenomenon, and thus require an integrated analysis. Further, that the choice of case is sensitive to factors that fuse semantics and pragmatics, and that the genitive case is assigned to objects denoting properties at the same time as they lack commitment to existence.Kagan’s subtle analysis accounts for the complex relations between case-marking and other properties, such as definiteness, specificity, number and aspect. It also reveals a correlation between the genitive case and the subjunctive mood, and relates her overarching subject matter to other instances of differential object-marking.
    Description / Table of Contents: Semantics of Genitive Objects in Russian; Preface; 1 Introducing the Problem: Structural Case Alterations; 2 Outline of the Book; 3 Methodology, Data and Judgments; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Non-Canonical Genitive: How Many Cases?; 1.1 Genitive Objects and the Inherent/Structural Distinction; 1.2 Three Subtypes of Non-canonical Genitive Case; 1.2.1 Partitive Genitive; 1.2.2 Genitive of Negation; 1.2.3 Intensional Genitive; 1.3 Reorganization of the Subtypes of Non-canonical Genitive; 1.3.1 The Organization of Non-canonical Genitive in Previously Proposed Accounts
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3.2 Genitive of Negation and Intensional Genitive as a Single Phenomenon1.3.2.1 Genitive/Accusative Alternation; 1.3.2.2 Native Speakers´ Judgments; 1.3.2.3 Semantic Properties That Affect Case-Assignment; 1.3.2.4 Licensing Operators; 1.3.2.5 GenNeg and Intensional Genitive Cross-Linguistically; 1.3.2.6 Genitive of Negation and Intensional Genitive: A Summary; 1.3.3 Irrealis Genitive as Opposed to Partitive Genitive; 1.3.3.1 Properties of the NP; 1.3.3.2 Verbal Aspect; 1.3.3.3 Second Genitive; 1.3.3.4 Cross-Linguistic Data; 1.3.4 Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 2: Previously Proposed Accounts2.1 The Configurational Approach; 2.1.1 Bailyn (1997); 2.1.2 Harves (2002a, b); 2.1.3 Configurational Approach: The Shortcomings; 2.1.3.1 Unaccusativity Hypothesis; 2.1.3.2 Not All Passive and Unaccusative Verbs License GenNeg; 2.1.3.3 GenNeg Assignment to Specific and Definite NPs; 2.1.3.4 Further Shortcomings; 2.2 The Empty Quantifier Approach; 2.2.1 Syntactic Approaches; 2.2.1.1 Pesetsky (1982); 2.2.1.2 Bailyn (2004); 2.2.2 Semantic Approaches; 2.2.2.1 Pereltsvaig (1998, 1999); 2.2.2.2 The [+/-Q] Feature: Neidle (1988)
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.3 Perspectival Center: Borschev and Partee2.4 Intermediary Conclusion; 2.5 Unaccusativity Hypothesis; References; Chapter 3: Subjunctive Mood and the Notion of Commitment; 3.1 Subjunctive Mood: An Introduction; 3.2 Farkas (2003): The [+/-Decided] Feature; 3.2.1 The Choice of Mood; 3.2.2 Classes of Propositional Attitude Predicates; 3.2.2.1 Epistemic Predicates; 3.2.2.2 Fiction Predicates; 3.2.2.3 Desiderative Predicates; 3.2.2.4 Directive Predicates; 3.2.2.5 A Note on Weak Intensional Predicates; 3.2.2.6 Subjunctive Mood and the [+Decided] Feature
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2.3 Subjunctive Mood in Other Environments3.2.3.1 Counterfactual Conditionals; 3.2.3.2 Imperative Sentences; 3.2.3.3 Exclamative Sentences; 3.2.3.4 Negation; 3.2.4 A Summary; References; Chapter 4: Irrealis Genitive: Formulating the Analysis; 4.1 Non-semantic Factors; 4.1.1 Variation in Judgments and Dialects; 4.1.2 Register; 4.1.3 Idiosyncratic Properties of Verbs; 4.2 Analysis; 4.2.1 Property Type; 4.2.2 Existential Commitment; 4.2.3 Relating Semantic Type to EC; References; Chapter 5: Irrealis Genitive and Relative Existential Commitment: Part 1; 5.1 Preview: The Importance of REC
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.2 Case-Assignment and the Strong/Weak Distinction
    Description / Table of Contents: ​ Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- Preface . 1. Introducing the Problem: Structural Case Alterations . 2. Outline of the Book . 3. Methodology, Data and Judgments -- Chapter 1. 1.1 Genitive Objects and the Inherent/Structural Distinction --  Chapter 2. 2.1. The Configurational Approach -- Chapter 3. 3.1. Subjunctive Mood: An Introduction -- Chapter 4. 4.1. Non-Semantic Factors . Chapter 5. 5.1. Preview: The Importance of REC -- Chapter 6. 6.1. Irrealis Genitive in Negative Contexts -- Chapter 7. 7.1. Aspect and Number Affect Case-Assignment -- Chapter 8. 8.1. Differential Object Marking -- Conclusion -- Bibliography..
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5225-2
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  • 12
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    Intelligent Data Mining in Law Enforcement Analytics : New Neural Networks Applied to Real Problems (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400749146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 516 p. 185 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    PL 625
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Methodology ; Social Sciences ; Social sciences ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Methodology
    Abstract: This book provides a thorough summary of the means currently available to the investigators of Artificial Intelligence for making criminal behavior (both individual and collective) foreseeable, and for assisting their investigative capacities. The volume provides chapters on the introduction of artificial intelligence and machine learning suitable for an upper level undergraduate with exposure to mathematics and some programming skill or a graduate course. It also brings the latest research in Artificial Intelligence to life with its chapters on fascinating applications in the area of law enforcement, though much is also being accomplished in the fields of medicine and bioengineering. Individuals with a background in Artificial Intelligence will find the opening chapters to be an excellent refresher but the greatest excitement will likely be the law enforcement examples, for little has been done in that area. The editors have chosen to shine a bright light on law enforcement analytics utilizing artificial neural network technology to encourage other researchers to become involved in this very important and timely field of study.
    Description / Table of Contents: Dedication -- Preface.- Chapter 1. Introduction to Artificial Networks and Law Enforcement Analytics; William J. Tastle -- Chapter 2. Law Enforcement and Artificial Intelligence; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 3. The General Philosophy of Artificial Adaptive Systems; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 4. A Brief Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms and the Genetic Doping Algorithm; M. Buscema, M. Capriotti -- Chapter 5. Artificial Adaptive Systems in Data Visualization: Pro-Active data; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 6. The Metropolitan Police Service Central Drug Trafficking Database: Evidence of Need; Geoffrey Monaghan and Stefano Terzi -- Chapter 7. Supervised Artificial neural Networks: Back Propagation Neural Networks; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 8. Pre-Processing Tools for Non-Linear Data Sets; Massimo Buscema, Alessandra Mancini and Marco Breda -- Chapter 9. Metaclassifiers; Massimo Buscema, Stefano Terzi -- Chapter 10. Auto Identification of a Drug Seller Utilizing a Specialized Supervised Neural Network; Massimo Buscema and Marco Intraligi -- Chapter 11. Visualization and Clustering of Self-Organizing Maps; Giulia Massini -- Chapter 12. Self-Organizing Maps: Identifying Non-Linear Relationships in Massive Drug Enforcement Databases; Guila Massini -- Chapter 13. Theory of Constraint Satisfaction Neural Networks; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 14. Application of the Constraint Satisfaction Network; Marco Intraligi and Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 15. Auto-Contractive Maps, h Function and the Maximally regular Graph: A new methodology for data mining; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 16. Analysis of a Complex Dataset Using the Combined MST and Auto Contractive Map; Giovanni Pieri -- Chapter 17. Auto Contractive Mapsand Minimal Spanning tree: Organization of Complex datasets on criminal behavior to aid in the deduction of network connectivity; Giula Massini and Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 18. Data Mining Using Non-linear Auto Associative Artificial Neural Networks: The Arrestee Dataset; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 19. Artificial Adaptive System for Parallel Querying of Multiple Databases; Massimo Buscema.-.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4914-6
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  • 13
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    Collected Papers VI. Literary Reality and Relationships (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400715189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 414 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 206
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Schütz, Alfred, 1899 - 1959 Collected papers ; 6: Literary reality and relationships
    RVK:
    MQ 3755
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Linguistics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Linguistics ; Literatur ; Interaktion
    Abstract: This book contains texts devoted by Alfred Schutz to the 'normative' areas of literature and ethics. It includes writings dealing with the author-reader relationship, multiple realities, the literary province of meaning, and Schutz's views on equality. Never published in English commentaries on Goethe's novel and the account of personality in the social world appear in this volume.
    Abstract: The three essays in this volume illuminate Alfred Schutz’s understanding of literature and literary relationships. The first, “Life Forms and Meaning Structures,” presents such ideal life-forms as duration, memory, the speaking ego, and the I in relation to the Thou. This essay also describes the fundamental nature of human experience, its pluralized realms, the passage of time, perspectival interpretation, action and its impediments-all concepts which make possible an understanding of literature and literary themes. The essay goes on to discuss opera, and the relationship between music and language in opera. The second essay, “The Problem of Personality in the Social World,” offers insights into the unity the social person achieves, temporality, and the role of the body and the importance of pragmatic relevances. This shows how, even before he arrived in the United States, Schutz went beyond his 1932 Phenomenology of the Social World in a pragmatic direction. This essay anticipates Schutz’s 1945 essay, “On Multiple Realities,” by discussing reality-spheres of working, phantasy, dreams, and theory. Reality-spheres are vital for understanding literature, as shown in the third essay, which translates for the first time two Goethe manuscripts produced by Schutz in 1948. The first text, on Lehrjahre, reveals Schutz actually interpreting a piece of literature, tracing the themes of art and life and fate and freedom through the text. The second, a commentary on Goethe’s Wanderjahre, presents an inchoate theory of literature. Defending Goethe’s 1829 version of the Wanderjahre novel, Schutz argues that critics miss the point that readers of literature adopt a specific kind of epoché in which they enter a reality-sphere governed by “the logic of the poetic event,” whose rules are not those of everyday life or theoretical contemplation. In sum, this volume brings out the distinctive character of literary reality and the relationships between author and reader, and invites the reader to derive a sense of how Schutz himself read literature.
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial Introduction by Michael Barber -- Life Forms and Meaning Structures -- The Problem of Personality in the Social World” -- Two Goethe Texts: “Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre” (Wilhelm Meister’s Year of Apprenticeship) and “Zu Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahren” (On Wilhelm Meister’s Years of Travel).
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1518-9
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
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    Debate Dynamics: How Controversy Improves Our Beliefs (2013)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400745995 , 128363385X , 9781283633857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 255 p. 102 illus., 12 illus. in color, digital)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 357
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Betz, Gregor Debate dynamics: how controversy improves our beliefs
    RVK:
    ES 675
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Argumentationstheorie ; Debatte
    Abstract: Is critical argumentation an effective way to overcome disagreement? And does the exchange of arguments bring opponents in a controversy closer to the truth? This study provides a new perspective on these pivotal questions. By means of multi-agent simulations, it investigates the truth and consensus-conduciveness of controversial debates. The book brings together research in formal epistemology and argumentation theory. Aside from its consequences for discursive practice, the work may have important implications for philosophy of science and the way we construe scientific rationality as well.
    Description / Table of Contents: Debate Dynamics: How Controversy Improves Our Beliefs; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: General Introduction; 1.1 The Aims of Argumentation; 1.2 An Example of a Controversial Argumentation; 1.3 Modeling Controversial Debate; 1.4 Results Pertaining to Consensus-Conduciveness; 1.5 Results Pertaining to Truth-Conduciveness; 1.6 Objections and Caveats; 1.7 Putting the Approach in Perspective; Chapter 2: An Introduction to the Theory of Dialectical Structures; 2.1 Fundamental Concepts; 2.2 Degrees of Justification; 2.3 The Space of Coherent Positions; 2.4 Normalized Closeness Centrality
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.5 Inferential Density2.6 The General Design of the Simulations; Part I: Why Do We Agree? On the Consensus-Conduciveness of Controversial Argumentation; Chapter 3: Introduction to Part I; 3.1 Outline of Part I; 3.2 Main Results and Their Justification; Chapter 4: The Consensual Dynamics of Simple Random Debates; 4.1 Setup; 4.2 Results; 4.3 Discussion; 4.4 Results, Continued; 4.5 Discussion, Continued; Chapter 5: The Consensual Dynamics of Random Debates with Explicit Background Knowledge; 5.1 Setup; 5.2 Results; 5.3 Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6: Comparing the Consensual Dynamics of Four Proponent-Specific Argumentation Strategies in Dualistic Debates6.1 Setup; 6.2 Results; 6.3 Discussion; Chapter 7: The Consensual Dynamics of Argumentation Strategies in Many-Proponent Debates; 7.1 Setup; 7.2 Results; 7.3 Discussion; Chapter 8: The Consensual Dynamics of Debates with Core Updating; 8.1 Setup; 8.2 Results; 8.3 Discussion; Chapter 9: The Consensual Dynamics of Debates with Core Argumentation; 9.1 Setup; 9.2 Results; 9.3 Discussion; Part II: How Do We Know? On the Truth-Conduciveness of Controversial Argumentation
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10: Introduction to Part II10.1 Outline of Part II; 10.2 Main Results and Their Justification; Chapter 11: The Veritistic Dynamics of Simple Random Debates; 11.1 Setup; 11.2 Results; 11.2.1 Truth's Attraction: How Rapidly Does the Proponents' Verisimilitude Increase?; 11.2.2 The Verisimilitude of Consensus Positions: Is Mutual Agreement a Good Indicator of Having Reached the Truth?; 11.2.3 The Verisimilitude of Stable Positions: Are Proponent Positions Which Remain Relatively Stable Closer to the Truth?; 11.3 Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 12: The Veritistic Dynamics of Random Debates with Explicit Background Knowledge12.1 Setup; 12.2 Results; 12.3 Discussion; Chapter 13: Comparing the Veritistic Dynamics of Four Proponent-Specific Argumentation Strategies in Dualistic Debates; 13.1 Setup; 13.2 Results; 13.3 Discussion; Chapter 14: The Veritistic Dynamics of Argumentation Strategies in Many-Proponent Debates; 14.1 Setup; 14.2 Results; 14.2.1 Truth's Attraction: How Rapidly Does the Proponents' Verisimilitude Increase?
    Description / Table of Contents: 14.2.2 The Verisimilitude of Consensus Positions: Is Mutual Agreement a Good Indicator of Having Reached the Truth?
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4599-5
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
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    Dynamic Semantics (2012)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400748699
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 127 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 91
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. Dekker, Paul Dynamic semantics
    RVK:
    ET 440
    Keywords: Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Linguistik ; Pragmatik ; Semantik ; Semantik
    Abstract: The integrated theory of dynamic interpretation set out here will be a surprise to advanced researchers in linguistics. It combines classical formal semantics and modern dynamic semantics without altering the fundamental paradigm. At the book's core lies a pragmatically motivated notion of a dynamic conjunction of meanings, an idea that is worked out in full formal detail. This is applied to linguistic phenomena that involve anaphora, quantification and modality. The author demonstrates that in each area of application existing data can be neatly combined with new dynamic insights, but more im
    Abstract: The integrated theory of dynamic interpretation set out here will be a surprise to advanced researchers in linguistics. It combines classical formal semantics and modern dynamic semantics without altering the fundamental paradigm. At the books core lies a pragmatically motivated notion of a dynamic conjunction of meanings, an idea that is worked out in full formal detail. This is applied to linguistic phenomena that involve anaphora, quantification and modality. The author demonstrates that in each area of application existing data can be neatly combined with new dynamic insights, but more importantly, there is a genuine further pay-off: the work generates treatments of phenomena that were not initially intended, with functional readings of pronouns and quantifiers, Hob-Nob sentences, and insights into what we now call Pierces Puzzle. The outcome of a decade of work by the Amsterdam School of dynamic semantics, this volume condenses and reflects upon a vital body of research.
    Description / Table of Contents: Dynamic Semantics; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; 2 Predicate Logic with Anaphora; 2.1 Static and Dynamic Semantics; 2.2 First Order Satisfaction in PLA; 2.3 Logical Properties of PLA; 2.4 On the Representation of Information; References; 3 Information Update and Support; 3.1 Coreference and Modality; 3.2 Update and Support; 3.3 Information Exchange; 3.4 On the Contextualist Debate; References; 4 Quantification and Modality; 4.1 Terms and Quantifiers; 4.2 Knowing Who and Believing What; 4.3 Alethic and Epistemic Modality; 4.4 On Situations and States; 4.4.1 E- and D-type Pronouns
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.4.2 Information StatesReferences; Conclusion; Index;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4869-9
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
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    Differential subject marking (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402064975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 72
    DDC: 400
    RVK:
    ET 670
    RVK:
    ET 690
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Konferenzschrift 2004 ; Subjekt ; Markiertheit ; Nominalphrase
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6497-5
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  • 17
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    The Linearization Of Affixes: Evidence From Nuu-Chah-Nulth (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402065484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 73
    DDC: 497.9555
    RVK:
    EE 4031
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Indic philology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Hochschulschrift ; Nootka-Sprache ; Affigierung ; Morphosyntax
    Abstract: This book examines the problem of linearization from a new perspective: that of the linearization of affixes. The author's driving proposition is that affixation provides a means of satisfying the universal requirement to linearize linguistic outputs. This proposition is tested using original data from Nuu-chah-nulth ('Nootka'; Wakashan family), an endangered Amerindian language that is remarkable for its complex morphology.
    Abstract: "The linearization of syntactic constructs stands at the forefront of current research on the syntax-phonology interface. This book examines the problem of linearization from a new perspective: that of the linearization of affixes. The driving proposal of this book is that affixation provides a means of satisfying the universal requirement that linguistic outputs be linearized. This hypothesis is tested against extensive original data from Nuu-chah-nulth (""Nootka"", Wakashan family), an endangered Amerindian language remarkable for its complex morphology. This volume introduces typologically rare affixation effects to current theoretical debates surrounding the division of labour between the modules of the grammar."
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Introduction; PF Incorporation; Clausal Architecture of Nuu-chah-nulth; Nominal Complements of Affixal Predicates; Verbal Complements of Affixal Predicates; Implications; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6548-4
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  • 18
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    New Horizons in The Analysis of Control and Raising (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Heidelberg] : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402061769
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 71
    DDC: 415
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Greek philology ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Kontrolle ; Raising ; Generative Syntax ; GB-Theorie ; Minimalist program
    Abstract: Raising and control have figured in every comprehensive model of syntax for forty years. Recent renewed attention to them makes this collection a timely one. The contributions, representing some of the most exciting recent work, address many fundamental research questions. What beside the canonical constructions might be subject to raising or control analyses? What constructions traditionally treated as raising or control might not actually be so? What classes of control must be recognized? How do tense, agreement, or clausal completeness figure in their distribution? The chapters address these and other relevant issues, and bring new empirical data into focus.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Looking Out Over the Horizon; Raising in DP Revisited; The Late Development of Raising: What Children Seem to Think about Seem; Raising of Major Arguments in Korean (and Japanese); Not Really ECM, not Exactly Control: The 'Quasi-ECM' Construction in Greek; Control in Modern Greek: It's Another Good Move; Finiteness and Control in Greek; Moving Forward with Romanian Backward Control and Raising; Agreement and Flotation in Partial and Inverse Partial Control Configurations; Null Subjects in Brazilian Portuguese and Finnish: They are not Derived by Movement
    Description / Table of Contents: On (Non-)Obligatory ControlControl and Wh-infinitivals; Control via Selection; Movement-Resistant Aspects of Control; Back Matter
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6176-9
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  • 19
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    Handbook of Spatial Logics (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402055874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    RVK:
    SK 130
    Keywords: Science Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Geometry ; Topology ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Raum ; Mathematische Logik
    Abstract: Johan Benthem
    Abstract: A spatial logic is a formal language interpreted over any class of structures featuring geometrical entities and relations, broadly construed. In the past decade, spatial logics have attracted much attention in response to developments in such diverse fields as Artificial Intelligence, Database Theory, Physics, and Philosophy. The aim of this handbook is to create, for the first time, a systematic account of the field of spatial logic. The book comprises a general introduction, followed by fourteen chapters by invited authors. Each chapter provides a self-contained overview of its topic, descr
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Contributing Authors; Second Readers xxi; Chpater 1 What is Spatial Logic?; Chapter 2 First-Order Mereotopology; Chapter 3 Axioms, Algebras and Topology; Chpater 4 Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Using Constraint Calculi; Chapter 5 Modal Logics of Space; Chapter 6 Topology and Epistemic Logic; Chapter 7 Logical Theories for Fragments of Elementary Geometry; Chapter 8 Locales and Toposes as Spaces; Chapter 9 Spatial Logic + Temporal Logic = ?; Chapter 10 Dynamic Topological Logic; Chapter 11 Logic of Space-Time and Relativity Theory; Chapter 12 Discrete Spatial Models
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 13 Real Algebraic Geometry and Constriaint DatabasesChapter 14 Mathematical Morphology; Chapter 15 Spatial Resoning and Ontology: Parts, Wholes, and Locations; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5587-4
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  • 20
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    Words and Intelligence II : Essays in Honor of Yorick Wilks (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402058332
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 36
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Computational linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wilks, Yorick 1939-
    Abstract: Yorick Wilks is a central figure in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. This book celebrates Wilks's career from the perspective of his peers in original chapters each of which analyses an aspect of his work and links it to current thinking in that area. This volume forms a two-part set together with Words and Intelligence I: Selected Works by Yorick Wilks, by the same editors.
    Abstract: Yorick Wilks is a central figure in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. His influence has extends to many areas of these fields and includes contributions to Machine Translation, word sense disambiguation, dialogue modeling and Information Extraction. This book celebrates the work of Yorick Wilks from the perspective of his peers. It consists of original chapters each of which analyses an aspect of his work and links it to current thinking in that area. His work has spanned over four decades but is shown to be pertinent to recent developments in language proc
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Yorick Alexander Wilks: A Meaningful Journey; Metaphor, Semantic Preferences and Context-Sensitivity; Towards a New Generation of Language Resources in the Semantic Web Vision; Information Access and Natural Language Processing: A Stimulating Dialogue; Three Steps in Wilks Work: From Theory to Resources to Practice; Preference Syntagmatics; Historical Ontologies; An Amorphous Object Must be Cut by a Blunt Tool; Homer, the Author of The Iliad and the Computational-Linguistic Turn; Philosophical Engineering; Machine Translation and the World Wide Web
    Description / Table of Contents: Semantic Primitives: The Tip of the IcebergMolecules, Meaning and Post-Modernist Semantics
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-5833-0
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  • 21
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    Code-Switching in Bilingual Children (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402057847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 37
    DDC: 404.2083
    RVK:
    ER 920
    RVK:
    ER 930
    RVK:
    ES 930
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Applied linguistics ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Beispielsammlung ; Kind ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Sprachwechsel ; Deutsch ; Sprachwechsel ; Italienisch
    Abstract: This volume demonstrates that mixed utterances in young bilinguals can be analyzed in the same way as adult code-switching. It provides new insights not only in the field of code-switching and of language mixing in young bilinguals, but also in issues concerning general questions on linguistic theory which are difficult to be answered with monolingual data.
    Abstract: The goal of this volume is to prove that mixed utterances in young bilinguals can be analyzed in the same way as adult code-switching. Analyzing a rich corpus of spontaneous child data, the author provides detailed empirical evidence for latest minimalist assumptions on the architecture of mind and confirms that code-switching is only constrained by the two grammars of the languages involved. The data show that the quantity of mixing in children depends on an individual choice rather than on language development, language dominance, or other factors. Besides critically reviewing the literature on language mixing in children and adults, this work offers a thorough grammatical analysis of the code-switching data of five Italian/German children. The book provides new insights not only in the field of code-switching and of language mixing in young bilinguals, but also in issues concerning general questions on linguistic theory which are difficult to be answered with monolingual data.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Bilingualism and Bilingual First Language Acquisition; Early mixing; The theoretical framework; Code-switching; Data; The analysis of early mixing; The analysis of code-switching; Findings and conclusions; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5784-7
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  • 22
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    Cognitive Aspects of Bilingualism (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402059353
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 404/.2019
    RVK:
    ER 930
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Applied linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages ; Consciousness ; Kognition ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Psycholinguistik
    Abstract: This work has a uniquely cognitive-functional perspective on bi-lingualism. This means that it makes a clear distinction between real world and projected world. Information conveyed by language must be about the projected world. Both the experimental results and the systematic claims in this volume call for a weak form of whorfianism. The authors examine too some relatively unexplored issues of bilingualism, such as, among others, gender systems in the bilingual mind, synergic concepts, and ontological categorization.
    Abstract: A unique feature of this book is that chapters favor that line of cognitive linguistics which makes a clear distinction between real world and projected world. Information conveyed by language must be about the projected world. Both the experimental results and the systematic claims in this volume call for a weak form of whorfianism. Also, chapters add some relatively unexplored issues of bilingualism to the well-known ones, such as gender systems in the bilingual mind, context and task, synergic concepts, blending, the relationship between lexical categorization and ontological categorization among others.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; The Neurofunctional Components of the Bilingual Cognitive System; Synergic Concepts in the Bilingual Mind; Matrix: Schematic Universals. How Many Minds Does a Bilingual Have?; Grammatical Gender in the Bilingual Lexicon: A Psycholinguistic Approach; Bilingualism and Cognitive Arithmetic; The Role of Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Experiences in Bilinguals' Divergent Thinking; Task and Context Effects in Bilingual Lexical Processing; Representation and Skill in Second Language Learners and Proficient Bilinguals
    Description / Table of Contents: Second Language Gender System Affects First Language Gender ClassificationBeyond Language: Childhood Bilingualism Enhances High-Level Cognitive Functions; Cross-Linguistic and Cognitive Structures in the Acquisition of WH-Questions in an Indonesian-Italian Bilingual Child
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5935-3
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  • 23
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    Arabic Computational Morphology : Knowledge-based and Empirical Methods (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402060465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 38
    DDC: 492.70973
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Arabic languages ; Computational linguistics ; Semitic languages ; Arabisch ; Morphologie
    Abstract: This is the first comprehensive overview of computational approaches to Arabic morphology. The subtitle aims to reflect that widely different computational approaches to the Arabic morphological system have been proposed. The book provides a showcase of the most advanced language technologies applied to one of the most vexing problems in linguistics. It covers knowledge-based and empirical-based approaches.
    Abstract: The morphology of Arabic poses special challenges to computational natural language processing systems. The exceptional degree of ambiguity in the writing system, the rich morphology, and the highly complex word formation process of roots and patterns all contribute to making computational approaches to Arabic very challenging. Indeed many computational linguists across the world have taken up this challenge over time, and many of the researchers with a track record in this research area have contributed to this book. The book's subtitle aims to reflect that widely different computational approaches to the Arabic morphological system have been proposed. These accounts fall into two main paradigms: the knowledge-based and the empirical. Since morphological knowledge plays an essential role in any higher-level understanding and processing of Arabic text, the book also features a part on the role of Arabic morphology in larger applications, i.e. Information Retrieval (IR) and Machine Translation (MT).
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Arabic Computational Morphology: Knowledge-based and Empirical Methods; On Arabic Transliteration; Issues in Arabic Morphological Analysis; A Syllable-based Account of Arabic Morphology; Inheritance-based Approach to Arabic Verbal Root-and-Pattern Morphology; Arabic Computational Morphology: A Trade-off Between Multiple Operations and Multiple Stems; Grammar-Lexis Relations in the Computational Morphology of Arabic; Learning to Identify Semitic Roots; Automatic Processing of Modern Standard Arabic Text; Supervised and Unsupervised Learning of Arabic Morphology
    Description / Table of Contents: Memory-based Morphological Analysis and Part-of-speech Tagging of ArabicLight Stemming for Arabic Information Retrieval; Adapting Morphology for Arabic Information Retrieval*; Arabic Morphological Representations for Machine Translation; Arabic Morphological Generation and its Impact on the Quality of Machine Translation to Arabic; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6046-5
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  • 24
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    Handbook of Philosophical Logic (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402063244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 14
    RVK:
    CC 2400
    Keywords: Logic ; Linguistics Science_xLogic design ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic design ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Logik
    Abstract: The fourteenth volume of the Second Edition covers central topics in philosophical logic that have been studied for thousands of years, since Aristotle: Inconsistency, Causality, Conditionals, and Quantifiers. These topics are central in many applications of logic in central disciplines such as computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and philosophy. This book is indispensable to any advanced student or researcher using logic in these areas. The chapters are comprehensive and written by major figures in the field
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Logics of Formal Inconsistency; Causality; On Conditionals; Quantifiers in Formal and Natural Languages; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6324-4
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  • 25
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    Evaluation of Text and Speech Systems (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402058172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 37
    RVK:
    ES 847
    RVK:
    ES 945
    RVK:
    ES 950
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computer science ; Computational linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Gesprochene Sprache ; Automatische Spracherkennung ; Dialogsystem ; Evaluation
    Abstract: In its nine chapters, this book provides an overview of the state-of-the-art and best practice in several sub-fields of evaluation of text and speech systems and components. The evaluation aspects covered include speech and speaker recognition, speech synthesis, animated talking agents, part-of-speech tagging, parsing, and natural language software like machine translation, information retrieval, question answering, spoken dialogue systems, data resources, and annotation schemes. With its broad coverage and original contributions this book is unique in the field of evaluation of speech and language technology. This book is of particular relevance to advanced undergraduate students, PhD students, academic and industrial researchers, and practitioners.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Speech and Speaker Recognition Evaluation; Evaluation of Speech Synthesis; Modelling and Evaluating Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Talking Animated Interface Agents; Evaluating Part-of-Speech Tagging and Parsing; General Principles of User-Oriented Evaluation; An Overview of Evaluation Methods in TREC Ad Hoc Information Retrieval and TREC Question Answering; Spoken Dialogue Systems Evaluation Niels Ole Bernsen, Laila Dybkjær and Wolfgang Minker; Linguistic Resources, Development, and Evaluation of Text and Speech Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: Towards International Standards for Language ResourcesBack Matter
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5817-2
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Inhaltstext
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    Computing Meaning Volume 3 (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402059582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 83
    DDC: 401/.43/0285
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Computational linguistics ; Semantics
    Abstract: This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5958-2
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  • 27
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    Inductive dependency parsing (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402048890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 216 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 34
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Nivre, Joakim, 1962 - Inductive dependency parsing
    RVK:
    ES 940
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Information systems ; Computational linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Dependenzgrammatik ; Syntaktische Analyse
    Abstract: Natural Language Parsing -- Dependency Parsing -- Inductive Dependency Parsing -- Treebank Parsing -- Conclusion
    Abstract: This book provides an in-depth description of the framework of inductive dependency parsing, a methodology for robust and efficient syntactic analysis of unrestricted natural language text. This methodology is based on two essential components: dependency-based syntactic representations and a data-driven approach to syntactic parsing. More precisely, it is based on a deterministic parsing algorithm in combination with inductive machine learning to predict the next parser action. The book includes a theoretical analysis of all central models and algorithms, as well as a thorough empirical evaluation of memory-based dependency parsing, using data from Swedish and English. Offering the reader a one-stop reference to dependency-based parsing of natural language, it is intended for researchers and system developers in the language technology field, and is also suited for graduate or advanced undergraduate education
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4889-0
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Cover
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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    Contributions to the Science of Text and Language : Word Length Studies and Related Issues (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402040689
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 31
    DDC: 415.9
    RVK:
    ET 760
    RVK:
    KD 2300
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Computer science ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wortlänge ; Wortlänge
    Abstract: Required reading for computational linguists, this work contains a series of important contributions to the science of language, focusing on the study of word length. The book includes an introduction to the history and state of the art of word length studies. The studies included unify contributions from three crucial fields of study in linguistics: linguistics and text analysis, mathematics and statistics, and corpus and database design. Together they provide a comprehensive approach to the quantitative study of text and language.
    Abstract: This volume contains a collection of contributions to the science of language, focusing on the study of word length in particular. Within a synergetic framework, the word turns out to be a central linguistic unit, as is clearly outlined in the Editor's preface. The book's first chapter is an extensive introduction to the history and state of the art of word length studies. The studies included unify contributions from three important linguistic fields, namely, linguistics and text analysis, mathematics and statistics, and corpus and data base design, which together give a comprehensive approach to the quantitative study of text and language and word length studies. The broad spectrum of word length studies covered within this volume will be of interest to experts working in the fields of general linguistics, text scholarship and related fields, and, understanding language as one example of complex semiotic systems, the volume should be of interest for scholars from other fields as well.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Introductory Remarks: on the Science of Language in Light of the Language of Science; History and Methodology of Word Length Studies; Information Content of Words in Texts; Zero-Syllable Words in Determining Word Length; Within-Sentence Distribution and Retention of Content Words and Function Words; On Text Corpora, Word Lengths, and Word Frequencies in Slovenian; Text Corpus as an Abstract Data Structure; About Word Length Distribution; The Fall of the Jers in the Light of Menzerath's Law; Towards the Foundations of Menzerath's Law; Aspects of the Typology of Slavic Languages
    Description / Table of Contents: Multivariate Statistical Methods in Quantitative Text AnalysesWord Length and Word Frequency; Developing the Croatian National Corpus and Beyond; About Word Length Counting in Serbian; Word-Length Distribution in Present-Day Lower Sorbian Newspaper Texts; Towards a Unified Derivation of Some Linguistic Laws; Back Matter
    Note: International conference proceedings , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4068-7
    URL: Volltext
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  • 29
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    Modeling Theory in Science Education (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402021404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 24
    DDC: 507
    RVK:
    CC 3200
    Keywords: Education ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Science Study and teaching ; Physics ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Unterricht
    Abstract: This book is the culmination of over twenty years of work toward a pedagogical theory that promotes experiential learning of model-laden theory and inquiry in science. The book focuses as much on course content as on instruction and learning methodology, presenting practical aspects that have repeatedly demonstrated their value in fostering meaningful and equitable learning of physics and other science courses at the secondary school and college levels.
    Abstract: Presents practical aspects to foster learning of physics and other science courses at the secondary school and college levels. This book shows how a scientific theory that is the object of a given science course can be organized around a limited set of basic models. It also introduces special tools, including modeling schemata
    Description / Table of Contents: Fundamental Tenets of Modeling Theory; Modeling Schemata; Paradigmatic Evolution; Modeling Program; Learning Cycles;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-2140-2
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  • 30
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    Topic and Focus : Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Meaning and Intonation (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402047961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics & Philosophy S., v. 82
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    ET 775
    RVK:
    ET 425
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Applied Linguistics ; Phonology ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Bedeutung ; Intonation ; Thema-Rhema-Gliederung
    Abstract: Contains a collection of papers exploring the cross-linguistic expression of topic and focus. This book presents a collection of a diverse set of perspectives from some of the leading scholars in the areas of semantics and intonation. It examines both semantic and intonational features of topic and focus from a broad typological perspective
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Gorka Elordieta; Constraints on Intonational Prominence of Focalized Constituents; Ardis Eschenberg; Polish Narrow Focus Constructions; David Gil; Intonation and Thematic Roles In Riau Indonesian; Matthew Gordon; The Intonational Realization of Contrastive Focus in Chickasaw; Carlos Gussenhoven; Types of Focus in English; Nancy Hedberg and Juan M. Sosa; The Prosody of Topic and Focus in Spontaneous English Dialogue; Emiel Krahmer and Marc Swerts; Perceiving Focus; Manfred Krifka; The Semantics of Questions and the Focusation of Answers; Chungmin Lee
    Description / Table of Contents: Contrastive (Predicate) Topic, Intonation and Scalar MeaningsKimiko Nakanishi; Prosody and Scope Interpretations of the Topic Marker WA in Japanese; Ho-Hsien Pan; Focus and Taiwanese Unchecked Tones; Elisabeth Selkirk; Bengali Intonation Revisited: An Optimally Theoretic Analysis in which FOCUS Stress Prominence Drives FOCUS Phrasing; Mark Steedman; Information-Structural Semantics for English Intonation; Klaus Von Heusinger; Discourse Structure and Intonational Phrasing;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4796-1
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    ERGATIVITY (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402041884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 65
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    ET 300
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ergativ ; Ergativ
    Abstract: The overarching theme of this volume is the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. The book contains cutting-edge theoretical papers by top authors in the field, who also conduct original field work and bring new data to light. It contains articles that apply the most recent theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and then explore the issues that emerge. Languages investigated in the text include Basque, Georgian, and Hindi.
    Abstract: This book contains cutting edge theoretical papers by top authors in the field, who also conduct original field work and bring new data to light. It contains articles that apply the most recent theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and explore issues that emerge. The articles are written by linguists with expertise in bringing original data to bear on complex theoretical issues. The overall theme of the volume is the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. The main sections are on the nature of ergative and absolutive case, the antipassive, split ergativity, and ergativity in languages not generally considered to be ergative. Languages investigated are Basque, Chukchi, Georgian, Halkomelem Salish, Hindi, Inuktitut, Kirundi, Malagasy, Niuean, Nuumiipuutímt, Russian, Tongan, and Warlpiri.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Locus of Ergative Case Assignment: Evidence from Scope; Neither Absolutive nor Ergative is Nominative or Accusative; Eccentric Agreement and Multiple Case Checking; Syntactic Ergativity in Tongan; A Parametric Syntax of Aspectually Conditioned Split-Ergativity; Split Absolutive; Deriving Split Ergativity in the Progressive; On 'Ergativity' in Halkomelem Salish; Tree-Geometric Relational Hierarchies and Nuumiipuutímt (Nez Perce) Case; Antipassive Morphology and Case Assignment in Inuktitut; The Ergativity Parameter: A View from Antipassive; Ergativity and Change in Inuktitut
    Description / Table of Contents: Ergativity in Austronesian LanguagesThe Split Verb as a Source of Morphological Ergativity
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4188-8
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    CASE AND LINKING IN LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION : Evidence from German (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402043444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: STUDIES IN THEORETICAL PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 34
    DDC: 435
    RVK:
    GC 7328
    Keywords: Germanic Languages ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Deutsch ; Kasus ; Satzerzeugung
    Abstract: The German language, due to its verb-final nature, relatively free order of constituents and morphological Case system, poses challenges for models of human syntactic processing which have mainly been developed on the basis of head-initial languages with little or no morphological Case. The verb-final order means that the parser has to make predictions about the input before receiving the verb. What are these predictions? What happens when the predictions turn out to be wrong? Furthermore, the German morphological Case system contains ambiguities. How are these ambiguities resolved under the normal time pressure in comprehension? Based on theoretical as well as experimental work, the present monograph develops a detailed account of the processing steps that underly language comprehension. At its core is a model of linking noun phrases to arguments of the verb in the developing phrase structure and checking the result with respect to features such as person, number and Case. This volume contains detailed introductions to human syntactic processing as well as to German syntax which will be helpful especially for readers less familiar with psycholinguistics and with Germanic.
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION; INTRODUCING THE HUMAN SENTENCE PROCESSING MECHANISM; WORD ORDER AND CASE IN GERMAN; FIRST-PASS PREFERENCES IN SYNTACTIC-FUNCTION AMBIGUITIES; THE MENTAL REPRESENTATION OF CASE; A MODEL OF LINKING AND CHECKING; CASE CHECKING AND THE HSPM I: ON LEXICAL REACCESS; CASE CHECKING AND THE HSPM II: THE ROLE OF WORKING MEMORY; IN DEFENSE OF SERIAL PARSING; SUMMARY:LINKING,CHECKING,ANDBEYOND
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4344-9
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  • 33
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    Balkan sprachbund morpho-syntactic features (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402044885
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in natural language and linguistic theory v. 67
    DDC: 400
    RVK:
    KD 1820
    RVK:
    KD 2200
    RVK:
    KD 3770
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Comparative Linguistics ; Phonology ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Greek philology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Balkansprachen ; Morphosyntax ; Balkansprachen ; Sprachbund ; Morphosyntax
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4488-7
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  • 34
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    Cross-linguistic Variation in Sentence Processing : Evidence from RC Attachment Preferences in Greek (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402046902
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 36
    DDC: 489.35
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Neugriechisch ; Fremdsprachenlernen ; Satzerzeugung ; Weiterführender Nebensatz
    Abstract: This book argues in favour of cross-linguistic variation in sentence processing by providing empirical data from ambiguity resolution in Greek as L1 and L2. It is maintained that in highly inflected languages, like Greek, initial parsing decisions are determined by the interaction of morphological and lexical cues rather than by universal parsing principles.
    Abstract: This book argues in favour of cross-linguistic variation in sentence processing by providing empirical data from ambiguity resolution in Greek as L1 and L2. It is maintained that in highly inflected languages, like Greek, initial parsing decisions are determined by the interaction of morphological and lexical cues rather than by universal parsing principles. During the initial parse, discourse-level information is constrained by lexical considerations, which indicates that the human sentence processor is a multi-stage mechanism. The L2 data show that parsing preferences are not totally determined by frequency records and that L2 sentence processing is mainly guided by lexical information and less so by other sources of information.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Sentence Processing Models; Aspects of the Grammar of Greek; RC Attachment Preferences in Isolated Sentences; Context Effects in RC Attachment Preferences; Ambiguity Resolution Strategies in a Second Language; Conclusion
    Note: Based on a Ph.D. thesis--University of Essex, 2002 , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4690-1
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  • 35
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    John Dee: Interdisciplinary Studies in English Renaissance Thought (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402042461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas/Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 193
    DDC: 130.92
    RVK:
    CE 5300
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Dee, John 1527-1608
    Abstract: "The career of John Dee has played a significant role in recent historiographical debates about the relationship between magic and science in the early modern period. This collection of interdisciplinary essays, which addresses a wide range of Dee's diverse intellectual activities (including mathematics, astronomy, navigation, astrology, alchemy, cabala and "angel magic"), seeks to enlarge the scope of this debate, as well as presenting new archival and bibliographical discoveries relating to Dee and his collaborators and colleagues"--Dust jacket
    Abstract: "The career of the sixteenth-century English mathematician and natural philosopher John Dee (1527-1609) has played a significant role in recent historiographical debates about the relationship between magic and science in the early modern period. This collection of interdisciplinary essays, which addresses a wide range of Dee's diverse intellectual activities (including mathematics, astronomy, navigation, astrology, alchemy, cabala and ""angel magic"") seeks to enlarge the scope of this debate, as well as presenting new archival and bibliographical discoveries relating to Dee and his collaborators and colleagues. The essays in the volume present new views on the nature of Dee's various projects, as well as the uses to which he put the books and manuscripts in his library at Mortlake (one of the largest private collections in Elizabethan England)."
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION; JOHN DEE'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY REVISITED; WINGS (OR STAIRS) TO THE HEAVENS; LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON?; JOHN DEE AND ASTROLOGY IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND; JOHN DEE'S INTEREST IN THE APPLICATION OF NAUTICAL SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS AND LAW TO ENGLISH NAVAL AFFAIRS; JOHN DEE'S COLUMBIAN ENCOUNTER; JOHN DEE AND THE KABBALAH; THE ALCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF JOHN DEE'S MONAS HIEROGLYPHICA; JOHN DEE AND THE MAGIC TABLES IN THE BOOK OF SOYGA; PARACELSUS, SCRYING, AND THE LINGUA ADAMICA; JOHN DEE'S ANGELIC CONVERSATIONS AND THE ARS NOTORIA
    Description / Table of Contents: THE NEXUS OF ANGELOLOGY, ESCHATOLOGY, AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHYIN JOHN DEE'S ANGEL CONVERSATIONS AND LIBRARYABSENT PRESENCES; IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF EDWARD KELLEY; ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO "JOHN DEE'S LIBRARY CATALOGUE"; RECENT WORKS ON JOHN DEE (1988-2005)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Sixteen contributions, based on presentations made at an interdisciplinary colloquium held at Birkbeck College, University of London, Apr. 1995 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4246-9
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    Semantics in Acquisition (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402044854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in theoretical psycholinguistics v. 35
    DDC: 401.43
    RVK:
    ER 910
    RVK:
    ER 925
    Keywords: Comparative Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Semantik ; Spracherwerb
    Abstract: Contains a collection of writings that focuses on semantic phenomena and their interpretation in the analysis of the language of a learner. This volume addresses a variety of phenomena such as: temporal aspect and tense, specificity, quantification, scope, finiteness, focus structure, and focus particles
    Description / Table of Contents: 'Mismatches' of Form and Interpretation; Watching Noun Phrases Emerge: Seeking Compositionality; Cross-Linguistic Acquisition of Complement Tense; Everybody Knows; The Effect of Context on Children'S Interpretations of Universally Quantified Sentences; Structure and Meaning in the Acquisition of Scope; Time for Children: An Integrated Stage Model of Aspect and Tense; State Change and Temporal Reference in Inuktitut Child Language; Temporal Adverbials and Early Tense and Aspect Markers in the Acquisition of Dutch; On Finiteness; Functions of Finiteness in Child Language
    Description / Table of Contents: Additive Particles and Scope Marking in Child German(Un)Stressed ook in Child Dutch
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4485-2
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    Arguing on the Toulmin Model : New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402049385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Argumentation library v. 10
    DDC: 168
    Keywords: Logic ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Toulmin, Stephen Edelston 1922-2009 ; Logik ; Toulmin, Stephen Edelston 1922-2009 ; Argumentation ; Argumentationstheorie ; Toulmin, Stephen Edelston 1922-2009 ; Argumentationstheorie
    Abstract: In The Uses of Argument (1958), Stephen Toulmin proposed a model for the layout of arguments: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Since then, Toulmin's model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. This book assembles the best contemporary reflection in these fields, extending or challenging Toulmin's ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments.
    Abstract: In The Uses of Argument, first published in 1958, Stephen Toulmin proposed a new model for the layout of arguments, with six components: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Toulmin's model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in the fields of speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. The present volume aims to bring together the best contemporary reflection in these fields on the Toulmin model and its current appropriation. The volume includes 24 articles by 27 scholars from 10 countries. All the essays are newly written, have been selected from among those received in response to a call for papers, and have been revised extensively in response to referees' comments. They are not exegetical but substantive, extending or challenging Toulmin's ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments. Collectively, they represent the only comprehensive book-length study of the Toulmin model. They point the way to new developments in the theory of argument, including a typology of warrants, a comprehensive theory of defeaters, a rapprochement with formal logic, and a turn from propositions to speech acts as the constituents of argument.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Introduction; Reasoning in Theory and Practice; A Citation-Based Reflection on Toulmin and Argument; Complex Cases and Legitimation Inference: Extending the Toulmin Model to Deliberative Argument in Controversy; A Metamathematical Extension of the Toulmin Agenda; Toulmin's Model of Argument and the Question of Relativism; Systematizing Toulmin's Warrants: An Epistemic Approach; Warranting Arguments, the Virtue of Verb; Evaluating Inferences: The Nature and Role of Warrants; 'Probably'
    Description / Table of Contents: The Voice of the Other: A Dialogico-Rhetorical Understanding of Opponent and of Toulmin's RebuttalEvaluating Arguments Based on Toulmin's Scheme; Good Reasoning on the Toulmin Model; The Fluidity of Warrants: Using the Toulmin Model to Analyse Practical Discourse; Artificial Intelligence & Law, Logic and Argument Schemes; Multiple Warrants in Practical Reasoning; The Quest for Rationalism without Dogmas in Leibniz and Toulmin; From Arguments to Decisions: Extending the Toulmin View; Using Toulmin Argumentation to Support Dispute Settlement in Discretionary Domains
    Description / Table of Contents: Toulmin's Model and the Solving of Ill-Structured ProblemsArguing By Question: A Toulminian Reading of Cicero's Account of the Enthymeme; The Uses of Argument in Mathematics; Translating Toulmin Diagrams: Theory Neutrality in Argument Representation; The Toulmin Test: Framing Argumentation within Belief Revision Theories; Eight Theses Reflecting on Stephen Toulmin; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 407-424) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4938-5
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  • 38
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    ABDUCTIVE REASONING : LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO DISCOVERY AND EXPLANATION (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402039072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese Library 330
    RVK:
    CC 2500
    Keywords: Logic ; Pragmatism ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Artificial intelligence ; Erklärung ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Abduktiver Schluss ; Abduktion
    Abstract: Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; Foreword; 1 LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION; 2 WHAT IS ABDUCTION; 3 ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE; 4 ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION; 5 SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION; 6 EMPIRICAL PROGRESS; 7 PRAGMATISM; 8 EPISTEMIC CHANGE; References; Author Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3907-7
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Inhaltstext
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  • 39
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    Advances in Open Domain Question Answering (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402047466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, speech, and language technology
    DDC: 006.54
    Keywords: Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Text processing (Computer science ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Digitale Sprachverarbeitung ; Frage-Antwort-System
    Abstract: "This new Springer volume provides a comprehensive and detailed look at current approaches to automated question answering. The level of presentation is suitable for newcomers to the field as well as for professionals wishing to study this area and/or to build practical QA systems. The book can serve as a ""how-to"" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers. It can also be used to teach graduate courses in Computer Science, Information Science and related disciplines."
    Abstract: Automated question answering - the ability of a machine to answer questions, simple or complex, posed in ordinary human language - is one of the most exciting technological developments. This book looks at the various approaches to automated question answering. It serves as a "how-to" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Some Advanced Features of LCC's Poweranswer; A Statistical Approach For Open Domain Question Answering; Coreference in Q&A; Questions and Intentions; Question Answering as Dialogue with Data; Coping With Alternate Formulations of Questions And Answers; Sentence Ranking Using Keywords and Meta-Keywords; Question Answering By Passage Selection; Query Modulation For Web-Based Question Answering; Question Answering by Predictive Annotation; Question Answering Supported By Multiple Levels Of Information Extraction; How to Select an Answer String?
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluating Question Answering System PerformanceEvaluating Interactive Question Answering; Habitability in Question-Answering Systems; Question Answering: Technology for Intelligence Analysis; Reverse-Engineering Question/Answer Collections From Ordinary Text; New Directions in Question Answering; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4746-6
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  • 40
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    Remnant Raising and Vso Clausal Architecture : A Case Study of San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402043086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 66
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    EE 5140
    Keywords: Linguistics ; San Lucas Quiavini ; Zapotekisch ; Syntax
    Abstract: San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec, an endangered and little-examined indigenous language of Mexico, shows a range of syntactic and morphological phenomena incompatible with standard Minimalist accounts of verb movement. This work proposes a VP-remnant raising account for these phenomena, motivated by Kayne's (1992) antisymmetry program. The book also examines the consequences of phrasal remnant movement for negation constructions, and the interpretation of tense, aspect, and mood.
    Abstract: San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec, an endangered and little-examined indigenous language of Mexico, shows a range of syntactic and morphological phenomena incompatible with standard Minimalist accounts of verb movement: verbs and clearly phrasal constituents behave identically in a number of syntactic constructions, and the ordering of verbal morphemes is problematic for standard assumptions of verbal head movement. This work proposes a VP-remnant raising account for these phenomena, motivated by Kayne’s (1992) Antisymmetry program. This work also examines consequences of phrasal remnant movement for negation constructions, question formation, and the interpretation of tense, aspect, and mood.
    Description / Table of Contents: An Introduction to San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec; Background and Theoretical Assumptions; The Syntax of Verb Raising in SLQZ: Arguments for VP Raising; Further Consequences of VP-Remnant Movement: Some Common Negation Structures in SLQZ; More on the Structure of the Left Periphery: The Syntax of Questions; The Interaction of Tense and Aspect in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4308-2
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  • 41
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    Programming for Peace : Computer-Aided Methods for International Conflict Resolution and Prevention (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402043901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Advances in Group Decision and Negotiation 2
    DDC: 303.69
    RVK:
    ST 270
    Keywords: Political Science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konfliktlösung ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Friedenssichernde Maßnahme
    Abstract: Sadly enough, war, conflicts and terrorism appear to stay with us in the 21st century. But what is our outlook on new methods for preventing and ending them? Present-day hard- and software enables the development of large crisis, conflict, and conflict management databases with many variables, sometimes with automated updates, statistical analyses of a high complexity, elaborate simulation models, and even interactive uses of these databases. In this book, these methods are presented, further developed, and applied in relation to the main issue: the resolution and prevention of intra- and international conflicts. Conflicts are a worldwide phenomenon. Therefore, internationally leading researchers from the USA, Austria, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland have contributed.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Conflict Resolution by Democracies and Dictatorships: Are Democracies Better in Resolving Conflicts?; Trade Liberalization and Political Instability in Developing Countries; Computer Assisted Early Warning - the FAST Example; Country Indicators for Foreign Policy Developing an Indicators-Based User Friendly Risk Assessment and Early Warning Capability; The Confman.2002 Data Set Developing Cases and Indices of Conflict Management to Predict Conflict Resolution; Events, Patterns, and Analysis Forecasting International Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
    Description / Table of Contents: Forecasting Conflict in the Balkans using Hidden Markov ModelsNeural Computation for International Conflict Management; Modeling International Negotiation Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches; Machine Learning Methods for Better Understanding, Resolving, and Preventing International Conflicts; Information, Power, and War; Modeling Effects of Emotion and Personality on Political Decision-Making; New Methods for Conflict Data; Peacemaker 2020 A System for Global Conflict Analysis and Resolution; A Work of Fiction and A Research Challenge
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4390-2
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 42
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    Aspectual Inquiries (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402030338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 62
    DDC: 415/.63
    RVK:
    ET 480
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Aspekt
    Abstract: The study of the linguistic reflexes of aspect has been an active field of research in various sub-disciplines of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics (including discourse theory) and acquisition studies. However, communication and dissemination of results across these various subfields has often been indirect. The different angles brought together give us a comprehensive picture of the representation of aspect in the mind/brain of the speaker. The papers in this volume represent the results of a workshop on the syntax, semantics and acquisition of aspect held in 2002 whose purpose was to foment active cross-disciplinary communication. A number of the papers examine the syntactic representation of lexical or situation aspect, while others focus on the syntactic interaction of lexical aspect with grammatical aspect, and of grammatical aspect and tense. Other papers examine the role of aspect in discourse representations, while a third group of papers reports on results of empirical studies on the acquisition of aspect in both first and second language acquisition, and patterns of loss of morphosyntactic reflexes of aspect in language attrition.
    Description / Table of Contents: Issues and Interfaces in the Study of Aspect; Topic or Aspect; Some Notes on the Syntax of Quantity; Articulated vPS and the Computation of Aspectual Classes; Flavors of v; Semi-Copulas; PP, FP and the Telic/Atelic Distinction in Norwegian Motion Constructions; The Spatio-Temporal Path and Aspectual Composition; Aspect and Temporal Modification; Aspectual Entities and Tense in Discourse; Stage Structure and Stage Salience for Event Semantics; Aspectual Viewpoints, Speech Act Functions and Discourse Structure; Child Non-Finite Clauses and the Mood-Aspect Connection; Imperfect Imperfectives
    Description / Table of Contents: L2 Acquisition of Aspectual Distinctions in PolishAspect Lost, Aspect Regained; Tracking the Elusive Imperfect in Adult L2 Acquisition
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [421]-449) and index , The papers in this volume represent the results of the Workshop on the Syntax, Semantics, and Acquisition of Aspect, held at the University of Iowa in May 2002 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3033-9
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  • 43
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    Ellipsis and Nonsentential Speech (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402023019
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: En]Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 81
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    ET 680
    Keywords: Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ellipse ; Satz
    Abstract: The papers in this volume address two main topics:Q1: What is the nature, and especially the scope, of ellipsis in natural language? Q2: What are the linguistic/philosophical implications of what one takes the nature/scope of ellipsis to be? Each of these main topics includes a large sub-part that deals specifically with nonsentential speech. Within the first main topic, Q1, there arises the sub-issue of whether nonsentential speech falls within the scope of ellipsis or not, within the second main topic, Q2, there arises the sub-issue of what linguistic/philosophical implications follow, if nonsentential speech does/does not count as ellipsis. This book is unique in that it offers the reader, Papers on the boundary between philosophy and linguistics, Applications of advanced work in theoretical linguistics to traditional philosophical questions, It is the only volume of papers ever published on sub-sentential speech, Major contribution to our understanding of ellipsis in natural language, presently a central topic in syntactic theory. This book is of interest to professionals and advanced graduate students in the fields of philosophy of language, semantics, and syntax.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Against Reconstruction in Ellipsis; The Semantics of Nominal Exclamatives; Nonsententials in Minimalism; A Note on Alleged Cases of Nonsentential Assertion; On the Interpretation and Performance of Non-Sentential Assertions; Non-Sentences, Implicature, and Success in Communication; The Link between Sentences and 'Assertion': An Evolutionary Accident?; Knowledge by Acquaintance and Meaning in Isolation; Co-Extensive Theories and Unembedded Definite Descriptions; The Ellipsis Account of Fiction-Talk; Quinean Interpretation and Anti-Vernacularism
    Description / Table of Contents: Saying What You Mean: Unarticulated Constituents and Communication
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-2301-4
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  • 44
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    Handbook of Word-Formation (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402035968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 64
    DDC: 410
    RVK:
    ET 350
    RVK:
    HF 240
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wortbildung
    Abstract: This is the most comprehensive bookto date on word formation in terms of scope of topics, schools and theoretical positions.All contributions were written by the leading scholars in their respective areas.
    Abstract: This volume traces the many strands of study in the field of word formation that have developed since the seminal work of Marchand and Lees in the 1960s. In mapping the state of the art, it avoids a biased approach by presenting different, but mutually complementary frameworks within which research into word formation has taken place. It covers the historical development of theories of word formation within generative grammar, and affords a solid introduction to the treatment of word formation in cognitive grammar, natural morphology, optimality theory, Lexeme Morpheme Base Morphology, onomasiological theory, and other recent frameworks. Each topic is presented by an expert who has contributed significantly to the field. In addition to surveying theoretical developments from both European and North American perspectives, it looks specifically at individual English word formation processes (derivation, compounding, conversion) and reviews some of the ways in which they have been analyzed since Marchand's comprehensive treatment nearly five decades ago.
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic Terminology; Word-Formation and Phonology; Word-Formation and Inflectional Morphology; Word-Formation and Syntax; Hans Marchand and the Marchandeans; Chomsky's Remarks and the Transformationalist Hypothesis; The Lexicalist Approach to Word-Formation and the Notion of the Lexicon; Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology; Onomasiological Approach to Word-Formation; Cognitive Approach to Word-Formation; Word-Formation in Natural Morphology; Word-Formation in Optimality Theory; Productivity: Theories; Constraints on Productivity; Lexicalization and Institutionalization
    Description / Table of Contents: English Word-Formation ProcessesThe Latest Trends In English Word-Formation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3596-9
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  • 45
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    Anaphora and Type Logical Grammar (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402039058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Trends in Logic, Studia Logica Library 24
    RVK:
    ET 770
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic ; Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Mathematische Logik
    Abstract: Develops a hybrid architecture that allows to incorporate anaphora resolution into grammatical deduction. After giving an introduction into Type Logical Grammar in general, this book discusses the formal properties of this connective
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; List of Tables; 1 TYPE LOGICAL GRAMMAR THE FRAMEWORK; 2 THE PROBLEM OF ANAPHORA; 3 LAMBEK CALCULUS WITH LIMITED CONTRACTION; 4 PRONOUNS AND QUANTIFICATION; 6 INDEFINITES; References; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3905-0
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 46
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    Roots and Patterns : Hebrew Morpho-syntax (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402032448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 63
    DDC: 492.456
    RVK:
    EM 5830
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Semitic Languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Hebräisch ; Morphosyntax ; Wortwurzel ; Hebräisch ; Morphosyntax ; Wortwurzel
    Abstract: In-depth investigation of Hebrew verb morphology in light of cutting edge theories of morphology and lexical semantics An original theory about the semantic content of roots An account of how roots function in word-formation A wide empirical basis containing a complete corpus of verb-creating roots in Hebrew
    Abstract: This book is simultaneously a theoretical study in morphosyntax and an in-depth empirical study of Hebrew. Based on Hebrew data, the book defends the status of the root as a lexical and phonological unit and argues that roots, rather than verbs or nouns, are the primitives of word formation. A central claim made throughout the book is the role of locality in word formation, teasing apart word formation from roots and word formation from existing words syntactically, semantically and phonologically. The book focuses on Hebrew, a language with rich verb morphology, where both roots and noun- and verb-creating morphology are morphologically transparent. The study of Hebrew verbs is based on a corpus of all Hebrew verb-creating roots, offering, for the first time, a survey of the full array of morpho-syntactic forms seen in the Hebrew verb. While the focus of this study is on how roots function in word-formation, a central chapter studies the information encoded by the Hebrew root, arguing for a special kind of open-ended value, bounded within the classes of meaning analyzed by lexical semanticists. The book is of wide interest to students of many branches of linguistics, including morphology, syntax and lexical semantics, as well as of to students Semitic languages.
    Description / Table of Contents: Roots: Where Syntax, Morphology, and the Lexicon Meet; The Noun-Verb Asymmetry in Hebrew: When Are Patterns Obligatory?; The Contents of the Root: Multiple Contextualized Meaning in Hebrew; The Morphological Consequences of MCM: An Intermediate Summary; Roots Across Patterns in Hebrew; A Theory of Hebrew Verbal Morpho-Syntax; Roots in Word-Formation: The Root Hypothesis Revisited
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-281) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3244-7
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  • 47
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    The Integration of Phonetic Knowledge in Speech Technology (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402026379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 25
    RVK:
    ST 306
    Keywords: Applied Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Sprachverarbeitung ; Phonetik
    Abstract: Continued progress in Speech Technology in the face of ever-increasing demands on the performance levels of applications is a challenge to the whole speech and language science community. Robust recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech in varied environments, good comprehensibility and naturalness of expressive speech synthesis are goals that cannot be achieved without a change of paradigm. This book argues for interdisciplinary communication and cooperation in problem-solving in general, and discusses the interaction between speech and language engineering and phonetics in particular. With a number of reports on innovative speech technology research as well as more theoretical discussions, it addresses the practical, scientific and sometimes the philosophical problems that stand in the way of cross-disciplinary collaboration and illuminates some of the many possible ways forward. Audience: Researchers and professionals in speech technology and computational linguists.
    Description / Table of Contents: Phonetic Knowledge in Speech Technology; Can Phonetic Knowledge be Used to Improve the Performance of Speech Recognisers and Synthesisers?; Prosodic Models, Automatic Speech Understanding, and Speech Synthesis: Towards the Common Ground?; Phonetic Time Maps; Introducing Phonetically Motivated, Heterogeneous Information into Automatic Speech Recognition; Introducing Contextual Transcription Rules in Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition; From Here to Utility; Pronunciation Modeling; Phonetic Knowledge in Text-to-Speech Synthesis; Is Phonetic Knowledge of Any Use for Speech Technology?
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-2637-4
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 48
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    Yearbook of Morphology 2004 (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402029004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Comparative Linguistics ; Phonology ; Sign Language
    Note: Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-2900-4
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  • 49
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    Journeys to a Graveyard : Perceptions of Europe in Classical Russian Travel Writing (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402039096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 192
    DDC: 914.045
    RVK:
    KI 1931
    Keywords: History ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Regional planning ; Russland ; Reisebericht ; Westeuropabild
    Abstract: Journeys to a Graveyard examines the descriptions provided by eight Russian writers of journeys made to western European countries between 1697 and 1880. The descriptions reveal the mentality and preoccupations of the Russian social and intellectual elites during this period. The travellers' perceptions of western European countries are treated here as an ambivalent response to a civilization with which Russia was belatedly coming into close contact as a result of the imperial ambition of the Russian state and the westernization of the Russian elites. The travellers perceived the most advanced European countries as superior to Russia in terms of material achievement and the maturity and refinement of their cultures, but they also promoted a view of Russia as in other respects superior to the western nations. Heavily influenced from the late eighteenth century by Romanticism and by the rise of nationalism in the west, they tended to depict European civilization as moribund. By this means they managed to define their own emergent nation in a contrastive way as having youth and promising futurity.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Piotr Tolstoi: a travel diary; Fonvizin: letters from foreign journeys; Karamzin: The Letters of a Russian Traveller; Pogodin: A Year in Foreign Lands; Botkin: Letters on Spain; Herzen: Letters from France and Italy; Dostoevskii: Winter Notes on Summer Impressions; Saltykov-Shchedrin: Across the Border
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3909-3
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  • 50
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    Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402030376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 69
    RVK:
    PC 5720
    Keywords: Law ; Artificial intelligence ; Law Philosophy ; Humanities ; Datenbank ; Urheberrecht ; Gesetzgebung ; Datenbank ; Urheberrecht ; Gesetzgebung
    Abstract: Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form
    Abstract: "Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases" is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form of open texture, transformation using argumentation concepts and evaluation and deployment approaches are discussed at length.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Legal Issues in the Data Selection Phase; Legal Issues in the Data Pre-Processing Phase; Legal Issues in the Data Transformation Phase; Data Mining with Rule Induction; Uncertain and Statistical Data Mining; Data Mining Using Neural Networks; Information Retrieval and Text Mining; Evaluation, Deployment and Related Issues; Conclusion
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-254) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3037-1
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    Multimodal Intelligent Information Presentation (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402030512
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 27
    RVK:
    ES 900
    Keywords: Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Multimedia systems ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Sprache ; Information ; Präsentation
    Abstract: Intelligent Multimodal Information Presentation relates to the ability of a computer system to automatically produce interactive information presentations, taking into account the specifics about the user, such as needs, interests and knowledge, and engaging in a collaborative interaction that helps the retrieval of relevant information and its understanding on the part of the user. The volume includes descriptions of some of the most representative recent works on Intelligent Information Presentation and a view of the challenges ahead.
    Abstract: Intelligent Multimodal Information Presentation relates to the ability of a computer system to automatically produce interactive information presentations, taking into account the specifics about the user, such as needs, interests and knowledge, and engaging in a collaborative interaction that helps the retrieval of relevant information and its understanding on the part of the user. The volume includes descriptions of some of the most representative recent works on Intelligent Information Presentation and a view of the challenges ahead
    Description / Table of Contents: Greta. A Believable Embodied Conversational Agent; Multimodal Communication in Virtual Environments; Generating Embodied Information Presentations; Resource-Adaptive Personal Navigation; Intelligent Interactive Information Presentation for Cultural Tourism; Supporting Mobile Users through Adaptive Information Presentation; Autobriefer: A System for Authoring Narrated Briefings; Generating Tailored Worked-Out Problem Solutions to Help Students Learn from Examples; Multilingual Personalized Information Objects; Generating Multimedia Presentations from Plain Text to Screen Play
    Description / Table of Contents: Intelligent Information Presentation for Tutoring SystemsMaintaining Visibility Constraints for View Management in 3D User Interfaces; Simulation Meets Hollywood; Presentation Technologies for People with Disabilities; Fusion and Coordination for Multimodal Interactive Information Presentation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3051-7
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    Perspectives on Aspect (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402032325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 32
    DDC: 401.9
    RVK:
    ET 660
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Germanic Languages ; Romance Languages ; Semantics ; Slavic languages ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Tempus ; Kontrastive Linguistik ; Aspekt
    Abstract: This book offers both a retrospective view on how theories of aspectuality have developed over the past 30 years, and presents current, new directions of aspectuality research.The articles in this book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of the following languages: English and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nahk-Daghestanian languages.
    Abstract: The aim of this book is two-fold: to offer a retrospective view on the past thirty years of research on aspectuality and temporality as well as to develop new perspectives on the future development of the field. Articles contain overviews of the development of the field and/or present the state of the art of current research, suggesting new and upcoming lines of research. An important theme throughout the book is typological variation, and the relevance of empirical data for theory formation. Together the articles in the book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of English, and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nakh-Daghestanian languages. Audience: Scholars and students of aspectuality in semantics and at the syntax-semantics interface.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introducing Perspectives on Aspect; Aspectual Composition: Surveying the Ingredients; Quantized Direct Objects Don't Delimit After All; Quantification and Aspect; Prepositions and Results in Italian and English: An Analysis from Event Decomposition; Atelicity, Pluractionality, and Adverbial Quantification; On Accumulating and Having IT All; Adverbs of Completion in an Event Semantics; Eventualities, Grammar, and Language Diversity; From Habituals to Futures; Perfective Aspect and Accomplishment Situations in Mandarin Chinese; The Past Perfective and Present Perfect in African-American English
    Description / Table of Contents: Tense and Aspectual be in Child African American EnglishUnmarked Already
    Note: "In December 2001 the Utrecht Institute of Linguistics hosted a conference entitled Perspectives on Aspect"--pref , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3232-3
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    Reasoning Robots : The Art and Science of Programming Robotic Agents (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402030697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Applied Logic Series 33
    RVK:
    ST 308
    RVK:
    CC 5200
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Roboter ; Programmierung ; Prädikatenlogik ; Stufe 1
    Abstract: "The book provides an in-depth and uniform treatment of a mathematical model for reasoning robotic agents. The book also contains an introduction to a programming method and system based on this model. The mathematical model, known as the ""Fluent Calculus'', describes how to use classical first-order logic to set up symbolic models of dynamic worlds and to represent knowledge of actions and their effects. Robotic agents use this knowledge and their reasoning facilities to make decisions when following high-level, long-term strategies. The book covers the issues of reasoning about sensor input, acting under incomplete knowledge and uncertainty, planning, intelligent troubleshooting, and many other topics. The mathematical model is supplemented by a programming method which allows readers to design their own reasoning robotic agents. The usage of this method, called ""FLUX'', is illustrated by many example programs. The book includes the details of an implementation of FLUX using the standard programming language PROLOG, which allows readers to re-implement or to modify and extend the generic system. The design of autonomous agents, including robots, is one of the most exciting and challenging goals of Artificial Intelligence. Reasoning robotic agents constitute a link between knowledge representation and reasoning on the one hand, and agent programming and robot control on the other. The book provides a uniform mathematical model for the problem-driven, top-down design of rational agents, which use reasoning for decision making, planning, and troubleshooting. The implementation of the mathematical model by a general PROLOG program allows readers to practice the design of reasoning robotic agents. Since all implementation details are given, the generic system can be easily modified and extended."
    Description / Table of Contents: Special Fluent Calculus; Special FLUX; General Fluent Calculus; General FLUX; Knowledge Programming; Planning; Nondeterminism; Imprecision*; Indirect Effects: Ramification Problem*; Troubleshooting: Qualification Problem; Robotics
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [313]-323) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3069-X
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    Yearbook of Morphology 2005 (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402040665
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    DDC: 415
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Phonology ; Psycholinguistics ; Morphologie
    Abstract: Discusses several theoretical issues such as: the role of inflectional paradigms in morphological analysis, the differences between words and affixes, and the adequacy of competing models of word structure. This work also discusses the role of phonological factors in shaping complex words
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; JAMES P. BLEVINS /Word-based declensions in Estonian; HANS-OLAV ENGER /Do affixes have meaning? Polarity in the Toten dialect ofNorwegian meets morphological theory; JANET GRIJZENHOUT and MARTINA PENKE /On the interaction of phonology and morphology in languageacquisition and German and Dutch Broca's Aphasia: the caseof inflected verbs; ANDREW KOONTZ-GARBODEN /On the typology of state/change of state alternations; CHRISTIAN LEHMANN /Pleonasm and hypercharacterisation; MARY PASTER /Pulaar verbal extensions and phonologically driven affix order
    Description / Table of Contents: ANDREA D. SIMS /Declension hopping in dialectal Croatian: Two predictionsof frequencyGREGORY T. STUMP /Referrals and morphomes in Sora verb inflection; ANDREW CARSTAIRS-McCARTHY /Affixes, stems and allomorphic conditioning in paradigmfunction morphology; GREGORY T. STUMP /Some criticisms of Carstairs-McCarthy's conclusions; Book reviews; Paul Boucher (ed.), Many Morphologies (Peter Arkadiev); Danielle Corbin, Pierre Corbin and Martine Temple (eds.), Lexique 16 (Claudio Iacobini); Laurie Bauer, A Glossary of Morphology (Geert Booij)
    Description / Table of Contents: Piet van Sterkenburg (ed.), Linguistics Today - Facing a Greater Challenge (Geert Booij)Book Information; Proceedings of the 4th Mediterranean Morpholohy Meeting, Catania, 21-23 September 2004
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4066-0
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  • 55
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    The Dynamics of Thought (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402033995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 300
    DDC: 128.3
    RVK:
    CC 4400
    Keywords: Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Animal behavior ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftliches Denken ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of some of the most important philosophical papers by Peter Gärdenfors. Spanning a period of more than 20 years of his research, they cover a wide ground of topics, from early works on decision theory, belief revision and nonmonotonic logic to more recent work on conceptual spaces, inductive reasoning, semantics and the evolutions of thinking. Many of the papers have only been published in places that are difficult to access. The common theme of all the papers is the dynamics of thought. Several of the papers have become minor classics and the volume bears witness of the wide scope of Gärdenfors' research and of his crisp and often witty style of writing. The volume will be of interest to researchers in philosophy and other cognitive sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Probabilistic Reasoning and Evidentiary Value; Unreliable Probabilities, Risk Taking, and Decision Making; Rights, Games and Social Choice; The Dynamics of Belief Systems: Foundations vs. Coherence Theories; The Role of Expectations in Reasoning; How Logic Emerges from the Dynamics of Information; Induction, Conceptual Spaces and AI; Three Levels of Inductive Inference; Frameworks for Properties: Possible Worlds vs. Conceptual Spaces; The Pragmatic Role of Modality in Natural Language; The Social Stance; The Emergence of Meaning; Does Semantices Need Reality?
    Description / Table of Contents: The Nature of Man - Games That Genes Play?The Detachment of Thought; Cognitive Science: From Computers to Anthills as Models of Human Thought
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3399-0
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    Advances in Natural Multimodal Dialogue Systems (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402039331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 30
    RVK:
    ET 760
    Keywords: Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Multimedia systems ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer system performance ; Diskursanalyse
    Abstract: The main topic of this volume is natural multimodal interaction. The book is unique in that it brings together a great many contributions regarding aspects of natural and multimodal interaction written by many of the important actors in the field. Topics addressed include talking heads, conversational agents, tutoring systems, multimodal communication, machine learning, architectures for multimodal dialogue systems, systems evaluation, and data annotation.
    Abstract: The main topic of this volume is natural multimodal interaction. The book is unique in that it brings together a great many contributions regarding aspects of natural and multimodal interaction written by many of the important actors in the field. It is a timely update of Multimodality in Language and Speech Systems by Björn Granström, David House and Inger Karlsson and, at the same time, it presents a much broader overview of the field. Its 17 chapters provide a broad and detailed impression of where the fairly new field of natural and multimodal interactivity engineering stands today. Topics addressed include talking heads, conversational agents, tutoring systems, multimodal communication, machine learning, architectures for multimodal dialogue systems, systems evaluation, and data annotation. This title will prove very valuable to scientists, researchers and practitioners working in the fields of natural interactive systems, multimodal systems, conversational agents, spoken dialogue systems, natural language processing applications, advanced human-computer interfaces, analysis of multimodal data, evaluation of multimodal systems, and educational systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural and Multimodal Interactivity Engineering - Directions and Needs; Social Dialongue with Embodied Conversational Agents; A First Experiment in Engagement for Human-Robot Interaction in Hosting Activities; Form; On the Relationships Among Speech, Gestures, and Object Manipulation in Virtual Environments: Initial Evidence; Analysing Multimodal Communication; Do Oral Messages Help Visual Search?; Geometric and Statistical Approaches to Audiovisual Segmentation; The Psychology and Technology of Talking Heads: Applications in Language Learning
    Description / Table of Contents: Effective Interaction with Talking Animated Agents an Dialogue SystemsControlling the Gaze of Conversational Agents; Mind: A Context-Based Multimodal Interpretation Framework in Conversational Systems; A General Purpose Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring Systems; Miamm - A Multimodal Dialogue System Using Haptics; Adaptive Human-Computer Dialogue; Machine Learning Approaches to Human Dialogue Modelling
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3933-6
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    Information, Interaction and Agency (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402040948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 121.3
    RVK:
    QC 010
    Keywords: Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Economics, Mathematical ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Wirtschaftsethik
    Abstract: Contemporary epistemological and cognitive studies, as well as recent trends in computer science and game theory have revealed an increasingly important and intimate relationship between Information, Interaction, and Agency. Agents perform actions based on the available information and in the presence of other interacting agents. From this perspective Information, Interaction, and Agency neatly ties together classical themes like rationality, decision-making and belief revision with games, strategies and learning in a multi-agent setting. Unified by the central notions Information, Interaction, and Agency, the essays in this volume provide refreshing methodological perspectives on belief revision, dynamic epistemic logic, von Neumann games, and evolutionary game theory, all of which in turn are central approaches to understanding our own rationality and that of other agents.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminary; Logics for Epistemic Programs; A Counterexample to Six Fundamental Principles of Belief Formation; Comparing Semantics of Logics for Multi-Agent Systems; A Characterization of Von Neumann Games in Terms of Memory; An Evolutionary Game Theoretic Perspective on Learning in Mult-Agent Systems; Evolution of Conventional Meaning and Conversational Principles; Nonmonotonic Inferences and Neural Networks; A Model of Jury Decisions Where All Jurors Have the Same Evidence; A Sat-Based Approach to Unbounded Model Checking for Alternating-Time Temporal Epistemic Logic
    Description / Table of Contents: Update Semantics of Security ProtocolsBack matter
    Note: "Reprinted from Synthese 139:2 and 142:2 (2004), Special section: Knowledge, rationality & action , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4094-6
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    Argumentation Machines : New Frontiers in Argument and Computation (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics
    Abstract: This book represents the first coherent published work in bringing together various branches of artificial intelligence with argumentation and rhetoric, and, as such, aims to play a key role in the establishment of a new field of scholarly research. The volume not only offers in-depth assessments of existing research, but also represents a substantial advance in the state of the art, and lays out a roadmap for future work in this newly emerging cross-disciplinary field. Audience: This book is of interest to academics, researchers, PhD and graduate students in philosophy of argument, logic, informal logic, critical thinking, rhetoric, artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems, computational linguistics, natural language processing, law, cognitive science and the interdisciplinary areas between these fields
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0431-1
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  • 59
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    Predicates and Their Subjects (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401006903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 74
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Semantics ; Syntax. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Predicates and their Subjects is an in-depth study of the syntax-semantics interface focusing on the structure of the subject-predicate relation. Starting from where the author's 1983 dissertation left off, the book argues that there is syntactic constraint that clauses (small and tensed) are constructed out of a one-place unsaturated expression, the predicate, which must be applied to a syntactic argument, its subject. The author shows that this predication relation cannot be reduced to a thematic relation or a projection of argument structure, but must be a purely syntactic constraint. Chapters in the book show how the syntactic predication relation is semantically interpreted, and how the predication relation explains constraints on DP-raising and on the distribution of pleonastics in English. The second half of the book extends the theory of predication to cover copular constructions; it includes an account of the structure of small clauses in Hebrew, of the use of `be' in predicative and identity sentences in English, and concludes with a study of the meaning of the verb `be'
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0690-3
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  • 60
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    Subject Clitics in the Northern Italian Dialects : A Comparative Study Based on the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402027383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 287 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Syntax. ; Comparative linguistics ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: This book provides an analysis of Subject Clitics concentrating on Astigiano and Turinese, two dialects spoken in the North of Italy, in the areas of Asti and Turin respectively. In the wake of structural economy, this book accounts for the structural position and function of Subject Clitics inside the computational system and for their morphological and distributional properties. It also provides an empirical and theoretical comparison between Piedmontese Subject Clitics and Subject Clitics in other Northern Italian dialects. At the theoretical level the higher goal of this book is to promote structure minimality by proposing a treatment of elements of agreement such as Subject Clitics which is compatible with the elimination of Agreement central to the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995). *It has a significant empirical impact as it deals with data not discussed in previous works on Subject Clitics; *It presents a novel theoretical treatment of Subject Clitics by incorporating minimalist guidelines and Optimality Theory to such a complex topic; *It presents a detailed review of recent works on Subject Clitics; *It proposes a novel theoretical treatment of the variation that characterises the use of Subject Clitics across the Northern Italian Dialects; *It opens several paths for future research in the fields of Romance Linguistics and Theoretical Syntax. Overall the view of Subject Clitics and sentence structure maintained in this book contrasts with the breaking down of functional categories into a myriad of syntactically and semantically distinct projections that has prevailed in several recent studies on Subject Clitics and Romance Syntax in general
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2738-3
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    Mystery in its Passions: Literary Explorations (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400710177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 374 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 82
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Aesthetics ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Through mystery, literature reveals to us the Great Unknown. While we are absorbed by the matters at hand with the present enactment of our life, groping for clues to handle them, it is through literature that we discover the hidden strings underlying their networks. Hence our fascination with literature. But there is more. The creative act of the human being, its proper focus, holds the key to the Sezam of life: to the great metaphysical/ontopoietic questions which literature may disclose. First, it leads us to the sublimal grounds of transformation in the human soul, source of the specifically human significance of life (Analecta Husserliana, Volume III, XIX, XXIII, XXVII) Second, it leads us to the unveiling of the hidden workings of life in the twilight of knowing in a dialectic between The Visible and the Invisible, (Volume LXXV, 2002, Analecta Husserliana) down to the ontopoietic truth. (Volume LXXVI, 2002, Analecta Husserliana) This prying into the unknown which provokes the human being as he or she attempts to conquer, step by step, a space of existence, finds its culmination in the phenomenon of mystery as the subject of the present collection. Its formulation brings us to the greatest question of all: the enigmatic solidarity -in-distinctiveness of human cognition and existence. Papers are written by: Tony E. Afejuku, Gary Backhaus, Paul G. Beidler, Matthew J. Duffy, Raffaela Giovagnoli, Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei, Matti Itkonen, Lawrence Kimmel, Catherine Malloy, Vladimir L. Marchenkov, Nancy Mardas, Howard Pearce, Bernadette Prochaska, Victor Gerald Rivas, M.J. Sahlani, Dennis Skocz, Jadwiga S. Smith, Mara Stafecka, Max Statkiewicz, Mariola Sulkowska, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Leon U. Weinman, Tim Weiss
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1017-7
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    Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music : Proceedings of the Seventh International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 253 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 102
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The International Colloquium on Cognitive Science, held in Donostia - San Sebastián every two years since 1989, is one of the main regular meeting points for a diversity of researchers in this exciting multi-disciplinary area of inquiry. This volume brings together some of the most important contributions to that colloquium. Besides the various interdisciplinary origins and standpoints of the participating researchers, the volume also reflects the richness, fruitfulness, and great miscellany of research in cognitive science today. In Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music, a wide variety of topics that are crucial to human beings, are addressed from a cognitive perspective by some of the world's leading scientists. Philosophers, linguists, logicians, psychologists, musicians, and anyone interested in what cognitive science has to say about these topics, should not miss it
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0548-6
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    A Theory of Immediate Awareness : Self-Organization and Adaptation in Natural Intelligence (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401701839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Systems theory ; Epistemology. ; Neurosciences ; Artificial intelligence ; System theory. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Control theory.
    Abstract: This book presents a realist, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary theory of immediate awareness showing it is the most primitive cognitive network underlying all our natural intelligence. Including preattentive and attention processes, as well as primitive relations of the senses, imagination and memory, immediate awareness is a kind of knowing deeply embedded and interwoven throughout our multiple kinds of natural intelligence. It permits as well as drives our knowing how, our bodily intelligence. Against the Cartesian mind-body split found in earlier and current theories, the author shows how immediate awareness permits emergent properties of mind in multilayered primitive relations of touching and moving in bodily kinesthetic intelligence. Contrary to existing theories, she argues that sensation is not cognitively "neutral", nor does it require a "representation" in order to be accessible to cognitive processes
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0183-9
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    The Brain from 25,000 Feet : High Level Explorations of Brain Complexity, Perception, Induction and Vagueness (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401702935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 317
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Computer vision ; Evolution (Biology) ; Neurosciences ; Artificial intelligence ; Evolutionary biology. ; Philosophy. ; Optical data processing.
    Abstract: In The Brain from 25,000 Feet, Mark A. Changizi defends a non-reductionist philosophy and applies it to a variety of problems in the brain sciences. Some of the key questions answered are as follows. Why do we see visual illusions, and why are illusions inevitable for any finite-speed vision machine? Why aren't brains universal learning machines, and what does the riddle of induction and its solution have to do with human learning and innateness? The author tackles such questions as why the brain is folded, and why animals have as many limbs as they do, explaining how these relate to principles of network optimality. He describes how most natural language words are vague and then goes on to explain the connection to the ultimate computational limits on machines. There is also a fascinating discussion of how animals accommodate greater behavioral complexity. This book is a must-read for researchers interested in taking a high-level, non-mechanistic approach to answering age-old fundamental questions in the brain sciences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0293-5
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    Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments : Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 2003 (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401701952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 535 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 2
    Series Statement: Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Learning. ; Instruction. ; Education ; Artificial intelligence ; Educational technology. ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: Designing for Learning in Networked Learning Environments is of interest to researchers and students, designers, educators, and industrial trainers across various disciplines including education, cognitive, social and educational psychology, didactics, computer science, linguistics and semiotics, speech communication, anthropology, sociology and design. Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a genuinely interdisciplinary field that strives to create a better understanding of collaborative learning that is mediated by a diverse set of computational technologies. The theme of CSCL 2003 "Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments" reflects a commitment to influence educational practice in times of the Internet. The contributions in this volume include discussions on knowledge building, designing and analysing group interaction, design of collaborative multimedia and 3D environments, computational modelling and analysis, software agents, and much more
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0195-2
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    Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science : Selected Contributed Papers from the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Kraków, 1999 (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401726122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 396 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 320
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science is a collection of outstanding contributed papers presented at the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science held in Kraków in 1999. The Congress was a follow-up to the series of meetings, initiated once by Alfred Tarski, which aimed to provide an interdisciplinary forum for scientists, philosophers and logicians. The articles selected for publication in the book comply with that idea and innovatively address current issues in logic, metamathematics, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, and cognitive science, as well as philosophical problems of biology, chemistry and physics. The volume will be of interest to philosophers, logicians and scientists interested in foundational problems of their disciplines
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- I: Logic and Metamathematics. 1. A classification of logics over FLew. 2. On representing semantics in finite models. 3. Spectra of formulae with Henkin quantifiers. 4. On SigmaN-definability in arithmetic. 5. Arithmetic complexity of the predicate logics. 6. Straightforward proof of Köbler-Messner's result. 7. On the persistent difficulty of disjunction -- II: Science. 8. Science, lifeworld and realism. 9. Explaining laws by reduction. 10. Akaike's theorem and Bayesian methodology. 11. Does a living system have a state? 12. Do genes code for traits? 13. Chemistry and the completeness of physics. 14. The thermodynamic arrow of time. 15. Modal interpretations. 16. Cartwright's models are not adequate for EPR -- III: Language. 17. Radical anti-realism and substructural logics. 18. The minimalist conception of truth. 19. Truth and satisfaction by the empty sequence. 20. Truth, propositions and context. 21. Actuality and possibility. 22. Possible worlds semantics and the liar -- IV: Cognition. 23. The triplet modeling of concept connections. 24. Evaluation and testing in creativity. 25. Assessment in the limits of scientific inquiry. 26. Inferential traps in an escalation process -- Index of Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2612-2
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    Optimality Theory and Language Change (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401001953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Phonology ; Linguistic anthropology. ; Syntax. ; Anthropological linguistics ; Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Optimality Theory and Language Change: -discusses many optimization and linguistic issues in great detail; -treats the history of a variety of languages, including English, French, Germanic, Galician/Portuguese, Latin, Russian, and Spanish; -shows that the application of OT allows for innovative and improved analyses; -allows researchers that appeal to OT to see the connections of their (usually synchronic) work with diachronic studies; -contains a complete bibliography on Optimality Theory and language change. This volume may be used as one of the texts in courses on historical phonology or syntax that treat these topics from generative approaches or that give a general survey of various frameworks of research into these areas. Likewise, the volume may serve as a text for courses in phonology, syntax and Optimality Theory that have a component dedicated to extensions of linguistic theory to historical change. It is of interest for historical linguists, researchers into Optimality Theory and linguistic theory, and for phonologists and syntacticians with an interest in historical change
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0195-3
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    Zutot 2002 (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401001991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Zutot: Perspectives on Jewish Culture 2
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Philosophy, Asian. ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Philology ; Historical linguistics. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Zutot: Perspectives on Jewish Culture aims to fill a gap that has become more and more conspicuous among the wealth of scholarly periodicals in the field of Jewish Studies. Whereas existing journals provide space to medium - and large sized articles, they neglect the small but poignant contributions, which may be as important as the extended, detailed study. The yearbook Zutot serves as a platform for small but incisive contributions, and provides them with a distinct context. The substance of these contributions is derived from larger perspectives and, though not always presented in an exhaustive way, will have an impact on contemporary discussions. Zutot covers Jewish Culture in its broadest sense, i.e. encompassing various academic disciplines - literature, languages and linguistics, philosophy, art, sociology, politics and history - and reflects binary oppositions such as religious and secular, high and low, written and oral, male and female culture
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0199-1
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  • 69
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    Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401701457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Language Policy 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; South Asian Languages ; Language and languages ; Language and education. ; Languages. ; Applied linguistics ; Sociolinguistics ; History ; Asia—Languages. ; Language and languages—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin examines and reviews the ecological context (including, e.g., the historical, political and educational issues) of language planning in 14 countries in the Pacific basin: Japan, the two Koreas, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The planning goals pursued in these states are then examined in terms of an overarching view of language planning. The book provides the only up-to-date overview and review of language policy in the region and challenges those interested in language policy and planning to think about how such goals might be achieved in the context of language ecology. In a world where languages and their uses and users are changing rapidly, and where governments and other political bodies are driving planned language change, there is a need to understand and consider how and why language planning is done. The book will be of interest to specialists interested in language and education, and to more general readers wishing to understand the dynamics of history and politics and its impact on language and language-in-education policy decisions
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0145-7
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    Authoring Tools for Advanced Technology Learning Environments : Toward Cost-Effective Adaptive, Interactive and Intelligent Educational Software (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401708197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 557 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Computers. ; Multimedia information systems. ; Multimedia systems ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Educational technology. ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Application software. ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: This edited book gives a comprehensive picture of the state of the art in authoring systems and authoring tools for advanced technology instructional systems. Issues of authoring, cost-effectiveness, interoperability and re-usability have been at the forefront in recent years in educational software in general and in the field of advanced, adaptive and intelligent educational software more specifically. This book includes descriptions of fifteen systems and research projects from almost every significant effort in the field of advanced technology authoring systems. Included is a chapter comprising an extensive overview of the field, summarizing the work of dozens of systems and projects and providing an analytical framework for comparing them
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Contents:Preface -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Section I: Authoring Tutors for Device and Process Simulations -- Section III: Authoring Tutors That Include Instructional Strategies -- Section IV: Special Purpose Authoring Tools -- Section V: General Theories and Designs -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0819-7
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    The Navajo Sound System (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 55
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    Keywords: Indic philology ; Indian languages. ; Linguistics ; Indians—Languages.
    Abstract: This book is a phonetic fieldwork study of the sound system of an important Native American language. It is one of the few monograph-length phonetic investigations of an indigenous North American language. As the field of typological studies grows, it is evident that the languages of the Americas have to be included in order to obtain a complete picture of natural human language, especially since the American Indian languages show significantly different typological features. The Navajo Sound System: -provides a baseline description of the phonetics of the Navajo language, as it is spoken on the Navajo reservation today; | -is based on an instrumental analysis of recordings collected from native speakers; -is important to classroom education (language instruction) and clinical (speech pathology and audiology) settings; -helps broaden our knowledge of sound systems beyond the range of English and more well studied languages; -is a complement to the seminal Young and Morgan grammars and dictionaries of Navajo language
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0207-3
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    The Logical Grammar of Abelard (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401702393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 235 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Philosophy. ; Medieval philosophy. ; Philosophy, medieval ; Logic ; Historical linguistics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Abelard is one of the foremost protagonists of the "twelfth-century Renaissance". He 'picks up the baton' from Boethius resuming the activity of commenting on Aristotle's works. The present book focuses on the logical-grammatical analysis of natural language, which for Abelard is a fragment of "scientific Latin". Tools of modern categorial grammar are employed to clarify many of the problems raised by historiography (such as meaning, abstract entities and universals). Among the merits of the volume is the fact that it has enlightened the radical interplay between the traditions of Aristotle's and Priscian's commentators and, in this context, Abelard's peculiar role in exploring a new field of linguistic inquiry. An ample analysis of grammatical sources and critical literature allows to evaluate the progress which is at the basis of the forthcoming terministic logic. The book is aimed at scholars of medieval philosophy as well as historians of logic and linguistics
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface. 1: Grammatical Sources. 1.1. Grammatici logicis consistientes. 1.2. Categorization. 1.3. Lexical categories. 1.4. Composition. 1.5. The meaning relation. 1.6. Predication and truth -- 2: Categories and Lexicon. 2.1. Categorization. 2.2. Categories and type meanings. 2.3. Semantic categories. 2.4. Derived expressions. 2.5. Non-defined expressions -- 3: Grammatical Composition. 3.1. Syntactic rules. 3.2. Pronouns and determiners. 3.3. Expressions composed of common nouns and adjectives. 3.4. Expressions composed of 'est' and nominal phrases. 3.5.Complex sentences. 3.6. Modal phrases. 3.7. Determined modal expressions -- 4: Meaning. 4.1. Problems of semantic representation. 4.2. Denotations of terms and sentences. 4.3. The meaning relation. 4.4. Composition of meanings. 4.5. Transfers of meaning. 4.6. The conceptual meaning -- 5: Predication and truth. 5.1. Praedicari de pluribus. 5.2. The meaning of predicative link. 5.3. The truth: Consequentia de propositionibus ad res. 5.4. The truth of categorical propositions. 5.5. The truth of hypothetical propositions. 5.6. A model for modalities -- Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0239-3
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    Ecology of Language Acquisition (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401703413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 225 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Educational Linguistics 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistic anthropology. ; Anthropological linguistics ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: While most research on language acquisition continues to consider the individual primarily in closed-system terms, Ecology of Language Acquisition emphasizes the emergence of linguistic development through children's and learners' interactions with their environment - spatial, social, cultural, educational, and so on - bringing to light commonalities between primary language development, child and adult second-language learning, and language acquisition by robots. Such a situated, context-responsive perspective on acquisition is able to interrelate insights from a variety of paradigms and disciplines while avoiding unjustifiable appeals to normativity. The theoretical and empirical studies presented here challenge a number of dominant ideas in language acquisition theory and mark an important new research orientation. This work should be of interest to language acquisition researchers and professionals in a wide range of specialisms
    Description / Table of Contents: Notes on the Authors -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Towards an ecology of language acquisition -- 2. Critical realism, ecological psychology, and imagined communities: foundations for a naturalist theory of language acquisition -- 3. A tale of two computer classrooms: the ecology of project-based learning -- 4. From joint attention to language acquisition: how infants learn to control others' behavior -- 5. Beyond cognitive determination: interactionism in the acquisition of spatial semantics -- 6. Language socialization in children's religious education: the discursive and affective construction of identity -- 7. An integrational linguistic view of coming into language: reflexivity and metonymy -- 8. The ecology of an SLA community in a computer-mediated environment -- 9. Robot babies: what can they teach us about language acquisition?- 10. Borrowing words: appropriations in child second language discourse -- 11. Language acquisition behind the scenes: collusion and play in educational settings -- Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0341-3
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    Current and New Directions in Discourse and Dialogue (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401000192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 381 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computer science ; Semantics. ; Image processing. ; Speech processing systems. ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Signal processing. ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Semiotics. ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: This volume is unique in its breadth of coverage on key topics in the field from a variety of leading researchers. In one volume, readers gain exposure to several perspectives in the areas of corpus annotation and analysis, dialogue system construction; as well as theoretical perspectives on communicative intention, context-based generation, and modelling of discourse structure. In this book you will find high quality articles representing current and new directions in discourse and dialogue with an emphasis on Dialogue Systems; Corpora and Corpus Tools; and Semantic and Pragmatic Modelling of Discourse and Dialogue. The majority of the articles included come from the most outstanding papers presented at the 2nd SIGdial workshop on Discourse and Dialogue held in conjunction with Eurospeech 2001. The contents are supplemented with four invited papers from internationally recognized researchers in discourse and dialogue
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0019-2
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    Non-Projecting Words : A Case Study of Swedish Particles (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401000536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 58
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Scandinavian languages ; Syntax. ; Grammar. ; Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Germanic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Focusing primarily on Swedish, a Germanic language whose particles have not previously been studied extensively, Non-Projecting Words: A Case Study on Swedish Particles develops a theory of non-projecting words in which particles are morphologically independent words that do not project phrases. Particles have long constituted a puzzle for Germanic syntax, as they exhibit properties of both morphological and syntactic constructs. Although non-projecting words have appeared in the literature before, it has gone largely unnoticed that such structures violate the basic tenets of X-bar theory. This work identifies these violations and develops a formally explicit revision of X-bar theory that can accommodate the requisite "weak" projections. The resulting theory, stated in terms of Lexical-Functional Grammar, also yields a novel classification of clitics, and it sheds new light on a range of recent theoretical proposals, including economy, multi-word constructions, and the primitives of lexical semantics. At an abstract level, we see that the modular, parallel-projection architecture of LFG is essential to the description of a variety of otherwise recalcitrant facts about non-projecting words
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0053-6
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    Superminds : People Harness Hypercomputation, and More (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 339 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 29
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: This is the first book-length presentation and defense of a new theory of human and machine cognition, according to which human persons are superminds. Superminds are capable of processing information not only at and below the level of Turing machines (standard computers), but above that level (the "Turing Limit"), as information processing devices that have not yet been (and perhaps can never be) built, but have been mathematically specified; these devices are known as super-Turing machines or hypercomputers. Superminds, as explained herein, also have properties no machine, whether above or below the Turing Limit, can have. The present book is the third and pivotal volume in Bringsjord's supermind quartet; the first two books were What Robots Can and Can't Be (Kluwer) and AI and Literary Creativity (Lawrence Erlbaum). The final chapter of this book offers eight prescriptions for the concrete practice of AI and cognitive science in light of the fact that we are superminds
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0283-7
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    Concepts of Meaning : Framing an Integrated Theory of Linguistic Behavior (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401701976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 92
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Epistemology. ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Concepts of Meaning includes contributions from well-known philosophers of language and semanticists. It is a useful collection for students in philosophy of language, semantics and epistemology. This work discusses new research in semantics, theory of truth, philosophy of language and theory of communication from a trans-disciplinary perspective. An integrated theory of linguistic behavior should provide a framework to make behavior intelligible. This work addresses issues such as sentence meaning, utterance meaning, speaker's intention and reference, linguistic context, circumstances and background theories. Readers will learn that interpretation is a result of a complex pattern
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0197-6
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    Resource-Sensitivity, Binding and Anaphora (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401000376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 80
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics
    Abstract: The structure and properties of any natural language expression depend on its component sub-expressions - "resources" - and relations among them that are sensitive to basic structural properties of order, grouping, and multiplicity. Resource-sensitivity thus provides a perspective on linguistic structure that is well-defined and universally-applicable. The papers in this collection - by J. van Benthem, P. Jacobson, G. Jäger, G-J. Kruijff, G. Morrill, R. Muskens, R. Oehrle, and A. Szabolcsi - examine linguistic resources and resource-sensitivity from a variety of perspectives, including: - Modal aspects of categorial type inference; - Multi-dimensional type structures and grammatical architecture;- Resource-sensitive aspects of binding and anaphora;- Resource-sensitive inference and discourse context. In particular, the book contains a number of papers treating anaphorically-dependent expressions as functions, whose application to an appropriate argument yields a type and an interpretation directly integratable with the surrounding grammatical structure. To situate this work in a larger setting, the book contains two appendices: - an introductory guide to resource-sensivity;- notes on the historical background of resource-sensitive approaches to binding and anaphora
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributing Authors -- Introduction -- Part I: Resources, Structures, and Composition. 1. Categorial Grammar at a Cross-Roads. 2. Language, Lambdas, and Logic -- Part II: Resources, Binding, and Anaphora. 3. Binding without pronouns (and pronouns without binding). 4. Resource Sharing in Type Logical Grammar. 5. Binding Across Boundaries. 6. On Bound Anaphora in Type Logical Grammar. 7. Structural Communication in Binding. 8. Binding on the Fly: Cross-Sentential Anaphora in Variable-Free Semantics -- Part III: Appendices. 9. Resource-Sensitity - A Brief Guide. 10. Some Precursors -- Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0037-6
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  • 79
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    Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401001816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (520p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Translation and interpretation. ; Translating and interpreting ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation is of relevance to researchers and program developers in the field of Machine Translation and especially Example-Based Machine Translation, bilingual text processing and cross-linguistic information retrieval. It is also of interest to translation technologists and localisation professionals. Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation fills a void, because it is the first book to tackle the issue of EBMT in depth. It gives a state-of-the-art overview of EBMT techniques and provides a coherent structure in which all aspects of EBMT are embedded. Its contributions are written by long-standing researchers in the field of MT in general, and EBMT in particular. This book can be used in graduate-level courses in machine translation and statistical NLP
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0181-6
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  • 80
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    The Turing Test : The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401001052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: The Turing Test gives the most comprehensive, in depth and contemporary assessment of this classic topic in artificial intelligence. This is the first book to elaborate in such detail the numerous conflicting points of view on many aspects of this multifaceted, controversial subject. It offers new insights into Turing's own interpretation and traces the history of the debate about the merits of the Turing test in more detail than anywhere else. Turing's famous predictions (1950) are assessed fifty years after they were made. The book also gives competing views about how the Turing test should be interpreted, and novel contemporary criticisms of the test. Justifications for the test and its future applications are suggested and alternatives to the Turing test are examined in detail. Recent results of the Loebner competition are analyzed. This highly readable volume is essential reading for research on the Turing test and for teaching undergraduate and graduate students in philosophy, computer science, and cognitive science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0105-2
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  • 81
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    The Structure of Coordination : Conjunction and Agreement Phenomena in Spanish and Other Languages (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401001199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 187 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Arabic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Syntax. ; Arabic language. ; Linguistics ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Oriental languages.
    Abstract: This book analyzes the structure of coordination from two perspectives: the symmetrical properties the construction imposes on its conjuncts, and how conjuncts interact with other categories outside coordination with respect to agreement and other grammatical phenomena. It focuses on data from Spanish as this language is characterized by its rich pattern of overt agreement between the subject and the verb, between nouns and adjectives, and also between clitics and lexical DP objects and indirect objects. -It offers a simple, unified theory of coordination within current syntactic frameworks -It provides a succinct summary of the main analysis of coordination, highlighting the most important generalizations they have made -It proposes explicit analyses for long-standing problems in issues of coordination -It provides a detailed description of agreement patterns in different languages (primarily Spanish), and the connection between agreement and word order -It presents a detailed account of the connection between switch-reference and coordination
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0119-9
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  • 82
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    Zutot 2001 (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401737302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Zutot: Perspectives on Jewish Culture 1
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Philosophy, Asian. ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Philology ; Historical linguistics. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: The yearbook aims to fill a gap that has become more and more conspicuous among the wealth of scholarly periodicals in the field of Jewish Studies. Whereas existing journals provide space to medium - and large sized articles, they neglect the small but poignant contributions, which may be as important as the extended, detailed study. The yearbook serves as a platform for small but incisive contributions, and provides them with distinct context. The substance of these contributions is derived from larger perspectives and though not always presented in an exhaustive way, will have an impact on contemporary discussions. The yearbook covers Jewish Culture in its broadest sense, i.e. encompassing various academic disciplines - literature, languages and linguistics, philosophy, art, sociology, politics and history - and reflects binary oppositions such as religious and secular, high and low, written and oral, male and female culture
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3730-2
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  • 83
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    The Discovery of the Artificial : Behavior, Mind and Machines Before and Beyond Cybernetics (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401598705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; History
    Abstract: The book provides a valuable text for undergraduate and graduate courses on the historical and theoretical issues of Cognitive Science, Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, Neuroscience, and the Philosophy of Mind. The book should also be of interest for researchers in these fields, who will find in it analyses of certain crucial issues in both the earlier and more recent history of their disciplines, as well as interesting overall insights into the current debate on the nature of mind. From the reviews: "..a book that will help those studying social sciences to realize the mechanical roots of the ongoing debate about cognition, but at the same time will help scholars of AI to put their discourse on intelligence in a historical and social perspective
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Chemical machines and action systems -- 2. Nervous conduction: early connectionism, physical analogies and machines -- 3. The Robot Approach -- 4. Behavior, purpose and teleology -- 5. Cybernetics and the origins of Artificial Intelligence -- 6. New steps towards the artificial -- 7. The many forms of the artificial -- References. List of machines -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9870-5
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  • 84
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    Contemporary Tools and Techniques for Studying Writing (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401004688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 163 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Writing 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Learning. ; Instruction. ; Artificial intelligence ; Cognitive psychology. ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: This book brings together methods designed by psychologists, linguists, and practitioners who aim to study writing both within the laboratory and the workplace. The methods presented link writing research with investigations of working memory, automatic semantic analysis, and writing in the workplace. Unlike previous volumes on writing, the primary focus of this book is upon the computer-based techniques and methods available today that enable and foster new systematic investigations of writing theories and processes. The main target audience for this volume is writing professionals, including people who study writing processes and products, teachers of writing, as well as those, like journalists, whose careers depend on managing multiple constraints and audiences for their work. Most of the software mentioned in this book is available free of charge on the website: http://www.psychologysoftware.com
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0468-8
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  • 85
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    The German Perfect : Its semantic composition and its interactions with temporal adverbials (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401005524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 275 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 78
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Semantics ; Syntax. ; Linguistics ; Pragmatism ; Historical linguistics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: This book provides an extensive account of perfect constructions in German, of its numerous meaning effects, and of its interaction with temporal adverbials and temporal subclauses. By doing this, it takes the semantics of the whole German tense system into account, provides analyses of several temporal adverbials and their intricate behavior, and offers new ideas concerning the semantics of temporal subclauses. Although one of the main goals of the book is to integrate the results of the study into a formal semantic framework, it also considers many pragmatic factors as well as aspects concerning German syntax. The book will be of interest to scholars and advanced students interested in issues regarding tense, aspect, temporal adverbials, and temporal subclauses
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0552-4
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  • 86
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    Syllables in Tashlhiyt Berber and in Moroccan Arabic (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Kluwer International Handbooks of Linguistics 2
    Series Statement: International Handbooks of Linguistics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Arabic languages ; Phonology ; Semitic languages ; Arabic language. ; Linguistics ; African Languages ; Oriental languages. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: This book deals with syllable structure in the two main languages spoken in Morocco. Its theoretical outlook is that of generative phonology. We first deal with Tashlhiyt Berber. This language has a syllable structure with properties which are highly unusual. On the one hand, complex consonant sequences are a common occurrence in the surface representations. On the other hand, syllable structure is very simple. The way these two conflicting demands are reconciled is by allowing vowelless syllables. Any consonant may act as a syllable nucleus. Nuclear status is preferentially assigned to segments which are more sonorous than their neighbours. In the last two chapters we argue that our conclusions about Tashlhiyt Berber carry over to a certain extent to Moroccan Arabic. The inventories of syllable types of the two languages are very similar. Unlike Tashlhiyt, Moroccan Arabic has an epenthetic vowel, but it also allows vowelless syllables
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0279-0
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  • 87
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    The Acquisition of Spanish Morphosyntax : The L1/L2 Connection (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002912
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 250 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Syntax. ; Psycholinguistics ; Romance languages ; Applied linguistics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Recent developments in linguistic theory, as well as the growing body of evidence from languages other than English, provide new opportunities for deeper explorations into how language is represented in the mind of learners. This collection of new empirical studies on the acquisition of Spanish morphosyntax by leading researchers in the field of language acquisition, specifically contributes to the characterization of the L1 / L2 connection in acquisition. Using L1 and L2 Spanish data from children and adults, the authors seek to address the central questions that have occupied developmental psycholinguists in the final decades of the previous century and that will no doubt continue engaging them into the present one
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0291-2
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  • 88
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    Multimodality in Language and Speech Systems (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401723671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 243 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Image processing. ; Speech processing systems. ; Multimedia information systems. ; Multimedia systems ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Signal processing. ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: This book covers the topic of multimodality from a large number of different perspectives and provides the advanced student/researcher with a current survey of theories of multimodal communication between people as well as reviewing many aspects of multimodal input/output in technical systems. Chapters dealing with human-human multimodal communication include speech-gesture systems, semiotics of gesture, structure and functions of face-to-face communication, emotional relations and intercultural variation, and human-human communication which is mediated by computer for the handicapped. Chapters dealing with human-machine communication and interfaces cover the technology and science of creating talking faces, technology and methods for the development of animated interface agents in intelligent multimedia systems, and the integration of multimodal input and output in the computer interface. The book also covers computer processing and understanding of signal and symbol input from speech, text, and visual images
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2367-1
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  • 89
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    Yearbook of Morphology 2001 (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401737265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phonology ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Historical linguistics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The Yearbook of Morphology series, published since 1988, has proven to be an eminent support for this upswing of morphological research, since it contains articles on topics which are central in the current theoretical debates which are frequently referred to. In the Yearbook of Morphology 2001 a number of articles is devoted to the notion of productivity, and the role of analogy in coining new words. In relation to this topic, constraints on affix ordering in a number of Germanic languages are investigated. A second topic of this volume is the necessity and the role of the paradigm in morphological analyses; arguments for and against the formal role of the paradigm are presented. Thirdly, this volume discusses a number of general issues in morphological theory such as the relation between form and meaning in morphology, the accessibility of the internal morphological structure of complex words, and the interaction of morphology and prosody in truncation processes
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3726-5
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  • 90
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    In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science : Volume Two of the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Cracow, August 1999 (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 316
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy. ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: This is the second of two volumes containing papers submitted by the invited speakers to the 11th international Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Cracow in 1999, under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited speakers are the leading researchers and accordingly the book presents the current state of the intellectual discourse in the respective fields
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0475-5
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  • 91
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    Themes in Arabic and Hebrew Syntax (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401003513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 53
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Arabic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Regional planning ; Semitic languages ; Grammar. ; Syntax. ; Arabic language. ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Oriental languages. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: This collection spans diverse themes in the syntax of Arabic, Modern Arabic dialects and Hebrew. The original contributors are written by specialists with an eye to both broad theoretical and conceptual issues as well as empirical detail. The editors' introduction sets in Generative Grammar. Among the topics discussed in this collection are VSO and SVO, cliticization and agreement, questions and the syntax of wh-movement, cognate objects, adjectival Construct State , Though construction, Gapping, causatives, the syntax of negation and the semantics of the Nominal sentence. It is the only collection of its kind targeting theoretical linguists and specialists in Semitic language alike
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0351-3
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  • 92
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    Storage and Computation in the Language Faculty (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401003551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psychology, clinical ; Psycholinguistics ; Historical linguistics. ; Neuropsychology.
    Abstract: Traditionally, computation - the rule-driven manipulation of symbols - as opposed to (lexical) storage, has been the main focus of research in the language faculty. There is, however, increasing evidence of a prominent role of storage. Constructions that could be computed not necessarily always are. In this volume, the relative roles of computation and storage are discussed, both theoretically and on the basis of linguistic, psycholinguistic, and brain-imaging evidence, with respect to a wide range of language phenomena, such as morphological processing, syntactic processing, limitations of parsing mechanisms, neural substrates of short-term storage versus computation, and the processing of discourse. Each chapter has been written by one or more outstanding experts in the field. The contributions are thorough, but at the same time free from unnecessary technical detail, so that the volume is accessible to experienced readers as well as students in linguistics, psychology, and other cognitive sciences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0355-1
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  • 93
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    Features, Categories and the Syntax of A-Positions : Cross-Linguistic Variation in the Germanic Languages (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401006040
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 381 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Syntax. ; Linguistics ; Germanic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Features, Categories, and the Syntax of A-Positions investigates various aspects of the distribution of nominal arguments, and in particular the cross-linguistic variation that can be found among the Germanic languages in this domain of the syntax. The empirical topics that are discussed include variable vs. fixed argument order, the distribution of subjects with respect to adjuncts, expletive constructions, and oblique subjecthood. These and many other phenomena are analyzed within a theoretical framework which is based on the Minimalist Program. The book argues that the traditional theoretical devices accounting for the distribution of arguments in generative syntax (abstract Case, the Extended Projection Principle) should be eliminated from the grammar and that their apparent effects can be derived from the feature specifications of syntactic categories. Furthermore, it is shown that several aspects of the cross-linguistic variation found in the syntax of arguments can be related to variation in the domain of inflectional morphology
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Features, Categories and Checking, Towards Deriving the EPP and Abstract Case -- 3. Syntactic Effects of Morphological Case -- 4. Subjecthood and Agreement -- 5. On Expletives -- 6. Oblique Case and Subjecthood. Or: Why Icelandic is Different -- 7. Conclusion. References -- Language Index -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0604-0
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    Agent-Based Defeasible Control in Dynamic Environments (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 479 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: This last volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems is - together with Volume 6 - devoted to the topics Reasoning and Dynamics, covering both the topics of "Dynamics of Reasoning", where reasoning is viewed as a process, and "Reasoning about Dynamics", which must be understood as pertaining to how both designers of, and agents within dynamic systems may reason about these systems. The present volume presents work done in this context and is more focused on "reasoning about dynamics", viz. how (human and artificial) agents reason about (systems in) dynamic environments in order to control them. In particular modelling frameworks and generic agent models for modelling these dynamic systems and formal approaches to these systems such as logics for agents and formal means to reason about agent-based and compositional systems, and action & change more in general are considered
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1741-0
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  • 95
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    The Logic of Metaphor : Analogous Parts of Possible Worlds (2001)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401596541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 299
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The Logic of Metaphor uses techniques from possible worlds semantics to provide formal truth-conditions for many grammatical classes of metaphors. It gives logically precise and practically useful syntactic and semantic rules for generating and interpreting metaphors. These rules are implemented in a working computer program. The book treats the lexicon as a conceptual network with semantics provided by an intensional predicate calculus. It gives rules for finding analogies in such networks. It shows how to analyse texts containing metaphors both syntactically and semantically and how to use structural similarities between parts of possible worlds to provide truth-conditions for metaphors. Meanings for metaphors are linked to the modal logics of identity and indiscernibility. The book shows how to extend deductive and adductive inference systems so as to handle metaphors and how to handle novel metaphorical word-senses. Indispensable reading for philosophers, logicians, linguists and computer scientists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9654-1
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  • 96
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    Cooperative Agents : Applications in the Social Sciences (2001)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401711777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 216 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 32
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Systems theory ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation. ; System theory. ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Control theory. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Agent-based modelling on a computer appears to have a special role to play in the development of social science. It offers a means of discovering general and applicable social theory, and grounding it in precise assumptions and derivations, whilst addressing those elements of individual cognition that are central to human society. However, there are important questions to be asked and difficulties to overcome in achieving this potential. What differentiates agent-based modelling from traditional computer modelling? Which model types should be used under which circumstances? If it is appropriate to use a complex model, how can it be validated? Is social simulation research to adopt a realist epistemology, or can it operate within a social constructionist framework? What are the sociological concepts of norms and norm processing that could either be used for planned implementation or for identifying equivalents of social norms among co-operative agents? Can sustainability be achieved more easily in a hierarchical agent society than in a society of isolated agents? What examples are there of hybrid forms of interaction between humans and artificial agents? These are some of the sociological questions that are addressed
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1177-7
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  • 97
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    The Processing of Tense : Psycholinguistic Studies on the Interpretation of Tense and Temporal Relations (2001)
    Dordrecht : Springer
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    ISBN: 9789401005685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 312 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: This book presents an in-depth study of the processing of tense, more specifically the English past tense. Against a detailed theoretical background, it presents a number of psycholinguistic studies examining how and when the language processor assigns an interpretation to tense morphology. In so doing, it looks at several specific topics: temporal anaphora resolution, adverb preposing and discourse relations, and the sequence-of-tense ambiguity. The picture which emerges is one in which the processor is not guided by preceding context in making interpretive decisions regarding tense, as previous work has suggested. Rather, sentence-level linguistic structure appears to cue the processor in deciding which of multiple possible interpretations to assign to a past-tense marker. The book also offers novel theoretical perspectives on issues of both linguistic (temporal adverbs, sentence- and discourse-level temporal interpretation) and psycholinguistic (models of semantic processing) interest. This work will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in linguistics and psycholinguistics working on semantic processing, temporal interpretation, and discourse processing
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0568-5
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  • 98
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    Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines (2001)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401009737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 25
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: An important collection of studies providing a fresh and original perspective on the nature of mind, including thoughtful and detailed arguments that explain why the prevailing paradigm - the computational conception of language and mentality - can no longer be sustained. An alternative approach is advanced, inspired by the work of Charles S. Peirce, according to which minds are sign-using (or `semiotic') systems, which in turn generates distinctions between different kinds of minds and overcomes problems that burden more familiar alternatives. Unlike conceptions of minds as machines, this novel approach has obvious evolutionary implications, where differences in semiotic abilities tend to distinguish the species. From this point of view, the scope and limits of computer and AI systems can be more adequately appraised and alternative accounts of consciousness and cognition can be more thoroughly criticised. Readership: Intermediate and advanced students of computer science, AI, cognitive science, and all students of the philosophy of the mind
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0973-7
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  • 99
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    Embedded V-To-C in Child Grammar: The Acquisition of Verb Placement in Swiss German (2001)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401007986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Syntax. ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: How children acquire competence in verb placement in languages in which verb placement in matrix clauses does not coincide with that in embedded clauses is not well understood. Verb-Second languages like German and Dutch display the verb-final pattern in embedded clauses, which can be confusing for a developing child. This book addresses this problem in the context of Swiss German, itself a Germanic dialect. Numerous examples are given of natural language produced by two children who were consistently followed between the ages of 4 and 6. Unexpectedly, since previous literature has suggested that children master verb placement very early in their linguistic development, these children move the verb in any type of embedded clause, leading to many verb-placement errors. After introducing the problem and describing the data in detail, a technical analysis is developed in terms of a minimally split-CP, which is rather successful in accounting for these data. The book should interest advanced students and researchers in both language acquisition and syntax
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0798-6
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  • 100
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    Computing Meaning : Volume 2 (2001)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401005722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 306 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 77
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. Computational semantics is concerned with the computation of the meanings of linguistic objects such as text fragments, spoken dialogue utterances, and e-mail messages. The meaning of such an object is determined partly by linguistic information and partly by information from the context in which the object occurs. The information from these sources is combined by processes that infer which interpretation of the object applies in the given context. This applies not only to notoriously difficult aspects of interpreting linguistic objects, such as indexicals, anaphora, and metonymy, but also to establishing the precise reference of common nouns and the scopes of noun phrases. The central issue in computational semantics is how processes of finding and combining the relevant linguistic and contextual information into contextually appropriate meanings can be organised. Traditional approaches of applying context information to disambiguated natural language expressions do not work well, due to the massive ambiguity in natural language. Recent work in computational semantics suggests, alternatively, to represent linguistic semantic information in formal structures with underspecification, and to apply context information in inference processes that result in further specification of these representations. Underspecified representation and inference are therefore the key topics in this book. The book is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who take an interest in the computation of meaning, and who want to know what is happening in this exciting field of research
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0572-2
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