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  • Dordrecht : Springer  (578)
  • Linguistics  (263)
  • Genetic epistemology  (241)
  • Artificial intelligence
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789402410631
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 488 p. 66 illus, online resource)
    Serie: Argumentation Library 29
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Serie: Social Sciences
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rocci, Andrea Modality in argumentation
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Language and languages Philosophy ; Semantics ; Sociolinguistics ; Linguistics ; Language and languages Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Semantics ; Sociolinguistics ; Modalität ; Argumentationstheorie ; Argumentstruktur ; Italienisch ; Modalität
    Kurzfassung: This book addresses two related questions that have first arisen in Toulmin’s seminal book on the uses of argument. The first question is the one of the relationship between the semantic analysis of modality and the structure of arguments. The second question is the one of the distinctive place, or role, of modality in the fundamental structure of arguments. These two questions concern how modality, as a semantic category, relates to the fundamental structure of arguments. The book addresses modality and argumentation also according to another perspective by looking at how different linguistic modal expressions may be taken as argumentative indicators. It explores the role of modal expressions as argumentative indicators by using the Italian modal system as a case study. At the same time, it uses predictions/forecasts in the business-financial daily press to investigate the relation between modality and the context of argumentation
    Kurzfassung: Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Meaning and argumentation -- Chapter 2: Three views of modality in Toulmin -- Chapter 3: Relative modality and argumentation -- Chapter 4: Types of conversational backgrounds and arguments -- Chapter 5: Case studies of Italian modal constructions in context -- Conclusion -- Index
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789402408812
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 1459 p. 264 illus, online resource)
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Serie: Social Sciences
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Handbook of linguistic annotation ; Volume 1
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    Schlagwort(e): Database management ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Application software ; Computational linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computerlinguistik ; Annotation
    Kurzfassung: This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers. Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one
    Kurzfassung: Part One -- Introduction -- Designing annotation schemes: from theory to model -- Designing Annotation schemes: from model to representation -- Community standards -- Creating annotations -- Using annotations -- Part Two: Case Studies -- General Corpora -- Treebanks -- Semantic annotation -- Discourse level annotation -- Speech (transcribed) -- Biomedical annotations
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401786454
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 186 p. 22 illus, online resource)
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Serie: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Lu, Xiaofei Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Translators (Computer programs) ; Applied linguistics ; Linguistics ; Korpus ; Computerlinguistik
    Kurzfassung: In the past few decades the use of increasingly large text corpora has grown rapidly in language and linguistics research. This was enabled by remarkable strides in natural language processing (NLP) technology, technology that enables computers to automatically and efficiently process, annotate and analyze large amounts of spoken and written text in linguistically and/or pragmatically meaningful ways. It has become more desirable than ever before for language and linguistics researchers who use corpora in their research to gain an adequate understanding of the relevant NLP technology to take full advantage of its capabilities. This volume provides language and linguistics researchers with an accessible introduction to the state-of-the-art NLP technology that facilitates automatic annotation and analysis of large text corpora at both shallow and deep linguistic levels. The book covers a wide range of computational tools for lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discourse analysis, together with detailed instructions on how to obtain, install and use each tool in different operating systems and platforms. The book illustrates how NLP technology has been applied in recent corpus-based language studies and suggests effective ways to better integrate such technology in future corpus linguistics research. This book provides language and linguistics researchers with a valuable reference for corpus annotation and analysis.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400752252 , 128369817X , 9781283698177
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 186 p. 4 illus, digital)
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 89
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kagan, Olga, 1977 - Semantics of genitive objects in Russian
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Russian language ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Russian language ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Russian language ; Grammar ; Russian language ; Case ; Russisch ; Negation ; Genitiv ; Russisch ; Negation ; Genitiv
    Kurzfassung: The genitive/accusative opposition in Slavic languages is a decades-old linguistic conundrum. Shedding new light on this perplexing object-case alternation in Russian, this volume analyzes two variants of genitive objects that alternate with accusative complements-the genitive of negation and the intensional genitive. The author contends that these variants are manifestations of the same phenomenon, and thus require an integrated analysis. Further, that the choice of case is sensitive to factors that fuse semantics and pragmatics, and that the genitive case is assigned to objects denoting properties at the same time as they lack commitment to existence.Kagan’s subtle analysis accounts for the complex relations between case-marking and other properties, such as definiteness, specificity, number and aspect. It also reveals a correlation between the genitive case and the subjunctive mood, and relates her overarching subject matter to other instances of differential object-marking.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Semantics of Genitive Objects in Russian; Preface; 1 Introducing the Problem: Structural Case Alterations; 2 Outline of the Book; 3 Methodology, Data and Judgments; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Non-Canonical Genitive: How Many Cases?; 1.1 Genitive Objects and the Inherent/Structural Distinction; 1.2 Three Subtypes of Non-canonical Genitive Case; 1.2.1 Partitive Genitive; 1.2.2 Genitive of Negation; 1.2.3 Intensional Genitive; 1.3 Reorganization of the Subtypes of Non-canonical Genitive; 1.3.1 The Organization of Non-canonical Genitive in Previously Proposed Accounts
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1.3.2 Genitive of Negation and Intensional Genitive as a Single Phenomenon1.3.2.1 Genitive/Accusative Alternation; 1.3.2.2 Native Speakers´ Judgments; 1.3.2.3 Semantic Properties That Affect Case-Assignment; 1.3.2.4 Licensing Operators; 1.3.2.5 GenNeg and Intensional Genitive Cross-Linguistically; 1.3.2.6 Genitive of Negation and Intensional Genitive: A Summary; 1.3.3 Irrealis Genitive as Opposed to Partitive Genitive; 1.3.3.1 Properties of the NP; 1.3.3.2 Verbal Aspect; 1.3.3.3 Second Genitive; 1.3.3.4 Cross-Linguistic Data; 1.3.4 Conclusion; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 2: Previously Proposed Accounts2.1 The Configurational Approach; 2.1.1 Bailyn (1997); 2.1.2 Harves (2002a, b); 2.1.3 Configurational Approach: The Shortcomings; 2.1.3.1 Unaccusativity Hypothesis; 2.1.3.2 Not All Passive and Unaccusative Verbs License GenNeg; 2.1.3.3 GenNeg Assignment to Specific and Definite NPs; 2.1.3.4 Further Shortcomings; 2.2 The Empty Quantifier Approach; 2.2.1 Syntactic Approaches; 2.2.1.1 Pesetsky (1982); 2.2.1.2 Bailyn (2004); 2.2.2 Semantic Approaches; 2.2.2.1 Pereltsvaig (1998, 1999); 2.2.2.2 The [+/-Q] Feature: Neidle (1988)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2.3 Perspectival Center: Borschev and Partee2.4 Intermediary Conclusion; 2.5 Unaccusativity Hypothesis; References; Chapter 3: Subjunctive Mood and the Notion of Commitment; 3.1 Subjunctive Mood: An Introduction; 3.2 Farkas (2003): The [+/-Decided] Feature; 3.2.1 The Choice of Mood; 3.2.2 Classes of Propositional Attitude Predicates; 3.2.2.1 Epistemic Predicates; 3.2.2.2 Fiction Predicates; 3.2.2.3 Desiderative Predicates; 3.2.2.4 Directive Predicates; 3.2.2.5 A Note on Weak Intensional Predicates; 3.2.2.6 Subjunctive Mood and the [+Decided] Feature
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.2.3 Subjunctive Mood in Other Environments3.2.3.1 Counterfactual Conditionals; 3.2.3.2 Imperative Sentences; 3.2.3.3 Exclamative Sentences; 3.2.3.4 Negation; 3.2.4 A Summary; References; Chapter 4: Irrealis Genitive: Formulating the Analysis; 4.1 Non-semantic Factors; 4.1.1 Variation in Judgments and Dialects; 4.1.2 Register; 4.1.3 Idiosyncratic Properties of Verbs; 4.2 Analysis; 4.2.1 Property Type; 4.2.2 Existential Commitment; 4.2.3 Relating Semantic Type to EC; References; Chapter 5: Irrealis Genitive and Relative Existential Commitment: Part 1; 5.1 Preview: The Importance of REC
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.2 Case-Assignment and the Strong/Weak Distinction
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ​ Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- Preface . 1. Introducing the Problem: Structural Case Alterations . 2. Outline of the Book . 3. Methodology, Data and Judgments -- Chapter 1. 1.1 Genitive Objects and the Inherent/Structural Distinction --  Chapter 2. 2.1. The Configurational Approach -- Chapter 3. 3.1. Subjunctive Mood: An Introduction -- Chapter 4. 4.1. Non-Semantic Factors . Chapter 5. 5.1. Preview: The Importance of REC -- Chapter 6. 6.1. Irrealis Genitive in Negative Contexts -- Chapter 7. 7.1. Aspect and Number Affect Case-Assignment -- Chapter 8. 8.1. Differential Object Marking -- Conclusion -- Bibliography..
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISBN: 9789400755833
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 645 p. 133 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. 2013 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series 8
    Paralleltitel: Print version Agreement Technologies
    DDC: 006.3
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Data processing ; Datenverarbeitung ; Künstliche Intelligenz
    Kurzfassung: More and more transactions, whether in business or related to leisure activities, are mediated automatically by computers and computer networks, and this trend is having a significant impact on the conception and design of new computer applications. The next generation of these applications will be based on software agents to which increasingly complex tasks can be delegated, and which interact with each other in sophisticated ways so as to forge agreements in the interest of their human users. The wide variety of technologies supporting this vision is the subject of this volume. It summarises the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action project on Agreement Technologies (AT), during which approximately 200 researchers from 25 European countries, along with eight institutions from non-COST countries, cooperated as part of a number of working groups. The book is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of Agreement Technologies, written and coordinated by the leading researchers in the field. The results set out here are due for wide dissemination beyond the computing sector, involving law and social science as well.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: pt. I. Foundations -- pt. II. Semantics in agreement technologies -- pt. III. Norms -- pt. IV. Organisations and institutions -- pt. V. Argumentation and negotiation -- pt. VI. Trust and reputation -- pt. VII. Applications.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Part I Foundations -- 1 Agreement Technologies: A Computing perspective; Sascha Ossowski, Carles Sierra and Vicente Botti -- 2 Agreement and Relational Justice: A Perspective from Philosophy and Sociology of Law; Pompeu Casanovas -- 3 Agreements as the Grease (not the Glue) of Society: A Cognitive and Social Science Perspective; Fabio Paglieri -- Part II Semantics in Agreement Technologies -- 4 Agreement Technologies and the Semantic Web; Axel Polleres -- 5 Logical formalisms for Agreement Technologies; Antoine Zimmermann -- 6 Reconciling heterogeneous knowledge with ontology matching; Cássia Trojahn and George Vouros -- 7 Semantics in Multi-Agent Systems; Nicoletta Fornara, Gordan Ježi´c, Mario Kušek, Ignac Lovrek, Vedran Podobnik, Krunoslav Tržec -- 8 SemanticWeb Services in Agreement Technologies; Zijie Cong and Alberto Fernández -- 9 Using ontologies to manage resources in Grid computing-practical aspects; Michał Drozdowicz, Maria Ganzha, Katarzyna Wasielewska, MarcinPaprzycki and Paweł Szmeja -- Part III Norms -- 10 Deontic logic; Jan Broersen, Dov Gabbay, Andreas Herzig, Emiliano Lorini, John-Jules Meyer, Xavier Parent and Leendert van der Torre -- 11 (Social) Norms and Agent-Based Simulation; Giulia Andrighetto, Stephen Cranefield, Rosaria Conte, Martin Purvis, Maryam Purvis, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Daniel Villatoro -- 12 Norms in Game Theory; Davide Grossi, Luca Tummolini and Paolo Turrini -- 13 AI and Law; Giovanni Sartor and Antonino Rotolo -- 14 Normative Agents; Michael Luck, Samhar Mahmoud, Felipe Meneguzzi, Martin Kollingbaum, Timothy J. Norman, Natalia Criado and Moser SilvaFagundes -- 15 Norms and Trust; Rino Falcone, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Andrew Jones and Eugénio Oliveira -- 16 Norms and Argumentation; Nir Oren, Antonino Rotolo, Leendert van der Torre and Serena Villata -- Part IV Organisations and Institutions -- 17 Describing agent organisations; Estefanía Argente, Olivier Boissier, Sergio Esparcia, Jana Görmer, Kristi Kirikal and Kuldar Taveter -- 18 Modelling Agent Institutions; Nicoletta Fornara, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Pablo Noriega, Eugénio Oliveira and Charalampos Tampitsikas -- 19 Organisational Reasoning Agents; Olivier Boissier and M. Birna van Riemsdijk -- 20 Adaptive Agent Organisations; Estefanía Argente, Holger Billhardt, Carlos Cuesta, Sergio Esparcia, Jana Görmer, Ramón Hermoso, Kristi Kirikal, Marin Lujak, José-Santiago Pérez-Sotelo and Kuldar Taveter --  Part V Argumentation and Negotiation -- 21 The Added Value of Argumentation; Sanjay Modgil, Francesca Toni, Floris Bex, Ivan Bratko, Carlos I. Chesñevar, Wolfgang Dvoˇrák, Marcelo A. Falappa, Xiuyi Fan, Sarah Alice Gaggl, Alejandro J. García, María P. González, Thomas F. Gordon, João Leite, Martin Možina, Chris Reed, Guillermo R. Simari, Stefan Szeider, Paolo Torroni and Stefan Woltran --  22 Trends in Multiagent Negotiation: from Bilateral Bargaining to Consensus Policies; Enrique de la Hoz, Miguel A. López-Carmona and Iván Marsá-Maestre -- Part VI Trust and Reputation -- 23 A Socio-Cognitive Perspective of Trust; Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugénio Oliveira -- 24 Qualitative Assessment Dynamics - QAD; Denis Trˇcek -- 25 Argumentation and Trust; Andrew Koster, Jordi Sabater-Mir and Marco Schorlemmer -- 26 Ontology, Semantics and Reputation; Andrew Koster and Jeff Z. Pan -- 27 Attacks and Vulnerabilities of Trust and Reputation Models; Jose M. Such -- 28 Reputation and Organisations; Olivier Boissier, Jomi Fred Hübner and Laurent Vercouter -- 29 Building Relationships with Trust; Carles Sierra and John Debenham -- Part VII Applications -- 30 Arguing to Support Customers: the Call Centre Study Case; Stella Heras, Jaume Jordán, Vicente Botti and Vicente Julián -- 31 Agreement Technologies for Supporting the Planning and Execution of Transports; Paul Davidsson, Marie Gustafsson Friberger, Johan Holmgren, Andreas Jacobsson and Jan A. Persson -- 32 ANTE: Agreement Negotiation in Normative and Trust-enabled Environments; Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, António J. M. Castro and Eugénio Oliveira -- 33 mWater, a Case Study for Modeling Virtual Markets; Antonio Garrido, Adriana Giret, Vicente Botti and Pablo Noriega -- 34 v-mWater: an e-Government Application for Water Rights Agreements; Pablo Almajano, Tomas Trescak, Marc Esteva, Inmaculada Rodríguez and Maite López-Sánchez -- 35 Coordinating Emergency Medical Assistance; Marin Lujak and Holger Billhardt -- 36 An environment to build and track agent-based business collaborations; Toni Penya-Alba, Boris Mikhaylov, Marc Pujol-González, Bruno Rosell, Jesús Cerquides, Juan A. Rodríguez-Aguilar, Marc Esteva, Àngela Fàbregues, Jordi Madrenas, Carles Sierra, Carlos Carrascosa, Vicente Julián, Mario Rodrigo and Matteo Vasirani -- 37 A Virtual Selling Agent which is Persuasive and Adaptive; Fabien Delecroix, Maxime Morge and Jean-Christophe Routier -- A Editors’ Short Bios. .
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400759343
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p. 5 illus, digital)
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 119
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Virtuous thoughts
    DDC: 191
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Sosa, Ernest 1940- ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Ethik
    Kurzfassung: This collection is a major contribution to the understanding and evaluation of Ernest Sosa’s profound and wide-ranging philosophy, in epistemology and beyond. A balanced, fair and critical volume, it offers a sensitive appreciation of his wide philosophical purview, a nuanced assessment of the detail of his thought, and a spur to exploring the linkages between the varied topics explored by the subtle mind of this great American scholar.The papers explore a wealth of Sosa’s academic interests, including his work on philosophical method, the philosophy of mind and language, metaphysics, and value theory, in addition to his output on epistemology itself. It offers, for example, a rebuttal of the counterarguments to Sosa’s reliabilist theory of introspective justification, which itself concludes with some objections to Sosa’s stated views on the ‘speckled hen’ problem. Other authors track the connections of his virtue theory to his advocacy of bi-level epistemology, provide reflections on Sosa’s views on the epistemological tradition, and examine the nexus of his beliefs on intuition and philosophical methodology. This volume is an insightful reckoning of Sosa’s academic account
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Virtuous Thoughts: The Philosophy of Ernest Sosa; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Virtue, Intuition, and Philosophical Methodology; 1 The Role of Intuitions in the Epistemology of Philosophy; 1.1 What Are Intuitions?; 1.2 Perceptual Models; 1.3 Factive Models; 1.4 Competence Models; 1.5 Mistaken Intuitions Justifying; 1.6 Virtue Without Intuition?; 2 Challenges to Intuition; 2.1 Calibration; 2.2 Experimentalist Critiques; 2.3 Do Survey Results Reflect Disagreement?; 2.4 Defeaters; 2.5 Arbitrariness; Bibliography; Chapter 2: Objective Value and Requirements; 1; 2; 3; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 3: Realism and Relativism1 Introduction; 2 Four Forms of Realism; 2.1 The External World; 2.2 Supervenient Things; 2.3 Subjects; 2.4 Value; 3 Motivations and Prospects for Realism and Relativism; 3.1 Seeking Viae Mediae; 3.2 Realist Relativism?; 3.3 The Epistemology of Our Commitment to Realism; 3.4 Toward an Ethical Approach to Metaphysics; Bibliography; Chapter 4: The Metaphysics of Persons; 1 Personal Identity; 2 The Nature of Persons; 3 Are Cartesian Souls Intelligible?; 4 Is Dualistic Interaction Possible?; 5 The Explosion of Reality; Bibliography
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 5: Self-Conception: Sosa on De Se Thought1 The Problem of De Re Thought; 2 Sosa's Account of De Se Thoughts; 3 The Token-Reflexive Account of De Se Thoughts; 4 De Se Thoughts and Immunity to Error Through Misidentification; References; Chapter 6: Introspective Justification and the Fineness of Grain of Experience; 1 The Problem of the Speckled Hen; 2 Challenging the Same Experience Assumption: Fumerton's Proposals; 2.1 An Indeterminate Number of Speckles? Fineness of Grain Revisited; 2.2 Fumerton's Acquaintance with Determinables as a Solution; 2.3 Attention as a Solution
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2.4 Awareness of Correspondence3 Challenging the Same Concepts and Different Justification Assumptions: Feldman's Proposal; 3.1 Kinds of Concepts and Feldman's Inferentialism; 3.2 Inferentialism Versus Sosa's Theory; 4 Conclusion; Bibliography; Chapter 7: Truth and Epistemology; 1 Sosa on the Nature of Truth; 2 Sosa on the Role of Truth in Epistemology; References; Chapter 8: Bi-Level Virtue Epistemology; 1 Foundationalism and Coherentism; 2 Internalism and Externalism; 3 Knowledge, Performance and Safety; 4 Meta-Aptness and Knowing Full Well; 5 Conclusion; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 9: Safety and Epistemic Frankfurt Cases1 The Problems with Sensitivity; 2 Sosa on Safety; 3 Epistemic Frankfurt Cases; 4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 10: Reflective Knowledge and the Pyrrhonian Problematic; 1 The Pyrrhonian Problematic; 2 Reflective Knowledge; 3 Reflective Knowledge and the Pyrrhonian Problematic; 4 Evaluation; References; Chapter 11: The Virtues of Testimony; 1 Testimonial Knowledge and Sosa's General Epistemology; 2 Sosa on the Nature of Testimony; 3 Sosa on Testimonial Knowledge; 4 Conclusion; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 12: Historical Reflections: Sosa's Perspective on the Epistemological Tradition
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface -- Virtue, Intuition and Philosophical Methodology; Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa -- Objective Value and Requirements; Noah Lemos -- Realism and Relativism; Allan Hazlett -- The Metaphysics of Persons; Gary Rosenkrantz -- Self-Conception: Sosa on De Se Thought;  Manuel García-Carpintero -- Introspective Justification and the Fineness of Grain of Experience: Sosa on Specked Hens; Michael Pace -- Truth and Epistemology; Matt McGrath and Jeremy Fantl -- Bi-Level Virtue Epistemology; John Turri -- Safety and Epistemic Frankfurt Cases; Juan Comesaña.- Reflective Knowledge and the Pyrrhonian Problematic; John Greco -- The Virtues of Testimony; Jennifer Lackey -- Historical Reflections: Sosa’s Perspective on the Epistemological Tradition; Baron Reed -- Appendix.
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400749603
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 301 p, digital)
    Serie: Studies in Morphology 2
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Ralli, Angela Compounding in Modern Greek
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Greek philology ; Phonology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Greek philology ; Phonology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Greek language, Modern ; Compound words
    Kurzfassung: One of the core challenges in linguistics is elucidating compounds-their formation as well as the reasons their structure varies between languages. This book on Modern Greek rises to the challenge with a meticulous treatment of its diverse, intricate compounds, a study as grounded in theory as it is rich in data. Enhancing our knowledge of compounding and word-formation in general, its exceptional scope is a worthy model for linguists, particularly morphologists, and offers insights for students of syntax, phonology, dialectology and typology, among others.The author examines first-tier themes such as the order and relations of constituents, headedness, exocentricity, and theta-role saturation. She shows how Modern Greek compounding relates to derivation and inflection, and charts the boundaries between compounds and phrases. Exploring dialectically variant compounds, and identifying historical changes, the analysis extends to similarly formed compounds in wholly unrelated languages.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Compounding in Modern Greek; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; References; Chapter 2: Defining a Greek Compound; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Greek as a Stem-Based Language; 2.3 In Search of a Definition; 2.3.1 Single Stress; 2.3.2 Bound Constituents; 2.3.3 Structural Position; 2.3.4 Linking Element; 2.3.5 Semantic Opacity; 2.3.6 Lexical Integrity; 2.3.7 Graphic Unity; 2.3.8 Compounds Versus Syntactic Constructions; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Grammatical Category and Constituents; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Nouns; 3.3 Adjectives; 3.4 Verbs
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.5 Other Categories3.5.1 Adverbs; 3.5.2 Compounds with a Pronoun or a Cardinal Number; 3.6 Summary; References; Chapter 4: Compound Marking; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Properties; 4.2.1 Stem-Driven Presence; 4.2.2 Lexically Marked Absence; 4.3 Linking Elements Cross-Linguistically; 4.4 Previous Analyses; 4.5 Morphological Status; 4.6 The Parameter of Overtly Expressed Paradigmatic Inflection; 4.7 Position; 4.8 The Morphological-Category Parameter; 4.9 Origin; 4.10 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Stress and Morphological Structure; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Type of Inflection
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.3 The Position of Stress5.4 Special Categories; 5.4.1 Verbal Compounds; 5.4.2 Compounds Ending in a Derived Item; 5.4.3 Neuters in -i; 5.5 More Compound Structures; 5.6 Recursion in Compounding; 5.7 Summary; References; Chapter 6: Headedness and Classification; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Classification; 6.3 Headedness; 6.3.1 The Notion of Head; 6.3.2 Position; 6.3.3 Exocentricity; 6.4 Summary; References; Chapter 7: Constraints, Allomorphy and Form of Compound Constituents; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Bare-Stem Constraint; 7.2.1 Apparent Counter Examples; 7.3 Allomorphy
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 7.3.1 Allomorphy in Compounding7.3.2 Allomorphs of Ancient Greek Origin; 7.4 Compound Types; 7.4.1 -Learned Compound Constituents; 7.4.2 +Learned Compound Constituents; 7.4.3 Mixed Types; 7.5 Summary; References; Chapter 8: Coordinative Compounds; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 What Is a Coordinative Compound?; 8.3 Classification; 8.4 Headedness; 8.5 Historical Development; 8.6 Coordinative Compounds in Modern Greek Dialects; 8.7 Summary; References; Chapter 9: Verbal and Deverbal Compounds; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Categories; 9.2.1 Exocentric Formations; 9.2.2 Endocentric Formations
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 9.3 Compound-Internal Theta-Role Saturation9.4 Configurations; 9.5 Meaning; 9.6 Summary; References; Chapter 10: Deverbal Compounds with Bound Stems; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 State of the Art; 10.3 Compounds or Derived Words?; 10.4 Grammatical Category of Bound Stems; 10.5 Headedness and Restrictions; 10.6 Productivity; 10.7 Summary; References; Chapter 11: Compounding Versus Derivation and Inflection; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Compounding Versus Derivation; 11.2.1 Order of Application; 11.2.2 Affixoids; 11.3 Compounding Versus Inflection; 11.4 Summary; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 12: Compounds Versus Phrases
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Tables -- Introduction -- Defining a Greek compound -- 2. Grammatical category and constituents -- 3. Compound marking -- 4. Stress and morphological structure -- 5. Headedness and classification -- 6. Constraints, allomorphy and form of constituents -- 7. Coordinative compounds -- 8. Verbal and deverbal compounds -- 9. Deverbal compounds with bound stems -- 10. Compounding versus derivation and inflection -- 11. Compounds versus phrases -- Appendix I  Greek: a brief history . Periodization . Geography - Dialectal variation . References -- Appendix II Greek inflection: an overview . Verbal inflection . Nominal inflection . References -- Appendix III List of compounds -- Subject Index..
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  • 8
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400753105
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 207 p. 220 illus, digital)
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 92
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Different kinds of specificity across languages
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Comparative linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Comparative linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Definiteness (Linguistics) ; Semantics ; Konferenzschrift 2007 ; Definitheit ; Kontrastive Semantik
    Kurzfassung: This anthology of papers analyzes a range of specificity markers found in natural languages. It reflects the fact that despite intensive research into these markers, the vast differences between the markers across languages and even within single languages have been less acknowledged. Commonly regarded specific indefinites are by no means a homogenous class, and so this volume fills a gap in our understanding of the semantics and pragmatics of indefinites. The papers explore differences and similarities among these specificity markers, concentrating on the following issues: whether specificity is a purely semantic or also a pragmatic notion; whether the contribution of specificity markers is located on the level of the at-issue content; whether some kind of speaker-listener asymmetry concerning the identification of the referent is involved; and the behavioral scope of these indefinites in the context of other quantifiers, negation, attitude verbs, and intensional/modal operators
    Kurzfassung: This anthology of papers analyzes a range of specificity markers found in natural languages. It reflects the fact that despite intensive research into these markers, the vast differences between the markers across languages and even within single languages have been less acknowledged. Commonly regarded specific indefinites are by no means a homogenous class, and so this volume fills a gap in our understanding of the semantics and pragmatics of indefinites.The papers explore differences and similarities among these specificity markers, concentrating on the following issues: whether specificity is a purely semantic or also a pragmatic notion; whether the contribution of specificity markers is located on the level of the at-issue content; whether some kind of speaker-listener asymmetry concerning the identification of the referent is involved; and the behavioral scope of these indefinites in the context of other quantifiers, negation, attitude verbs, and intensional/modal operators.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Different Kinds of Specificity Across Languages; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; References; Chapter 2: Specificity Markers and Nominal Exclamatives in French; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Un N Précis Versus un N; 2.2.1 An Anti-singleton Indefinite; 2.2.2 A Selective Indefinite; 2.2.3 Background and Scope; 2.3 Un Certain N Versus un N (Précis); 2.3.1 Un Certain N And un N Précis; 2.3.2 Un Certain N Versus un N; 2.3.2.1 The Uses of un Certain N; 2.3.2.2 The Evidential Value of un Certain N; 2.3.3 Intermediate Conclusion; 2.4 The Puzzle of Exclamative Nominal Sentences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2.4.1 The Guise of the Surprise2.4.2 A Temporal Conflict; 2.4.3 Some Speculations About Evaluative Items; 2.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: The Interpretation of the German Specificity Markers Bestimmt and Gewiss; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Syntax of Bestimmt and Gewiss; 3.3 Semantic Differences Between Bestimmt and Gewiss; 3.3.1 Identifiability; 3.3.2 The Scope-Taking Behaviour of `Bestimmt' and `Gewiss'; 3.3.2.1 Negation; 3.3.2.2 Nominal Quantifiers; 3.3.2.3 Conditionals; 3.3.2.4 Intensional Operators; 3.4 A Comparison to Other Specificity Markers; 3.5 A Formal Analysis
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.5.1 Technicalities: Concealed Questions Under Cover3.5.2 The Meaning of `Bestimmt'; 3.5.2.1 Pragmatic Issues; 3.5.2.2 Identifiability; 3.5.2.3 Scope: Nominal Quantifiers; 3.5.2.4 Scope: Negation; 3.5.2.5 Scope: Intensional Operators and Conditionals; 3.5.3 Technicalities: Conventional Implicatures; 3.5.4 The Meaning of `Gewiss'; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Pragmatic Variation Among Specificity Markers; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Specificity Marking in English and Russian; 4.3 Felicity Conditions on Specificity; 4.3.1 ThisR-Indefinites and Noteworthiness
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.3.2 OdinR-Indefinites and Identifiability4.3.3 Felicity Conditions: Noteworthiness vs. Identifiability; 4.3.4 Shades of Identifiability; 4.3.5 Crosslinguistic Evidence; 4.4 Anti-uniqueness; 4.4.1 A Possible Answer: Maximize Presupposition; 4.4.2 Deriving the Anti-uniqueness Effects on OdinR; 4.5 Possessive Constructions; 4.5.1 Types of Possessive Constructions in Russian; 4.5.2 Possessive Constructions and Specificity in Russian; 4.5.3 The Puzzle; 4.6 Conclusion and Further Questions; References; Chapter 5: Certain Presuppositions and Some Intermediate Readings, and Vice Versa
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.1 Introduction5.2 Choice Functions and Intermediate Readings; 5.2.1 Wide-Scope Indefinites and Choice Functions; 5.2.2 Existential Closure versus Choice Functions from Context; 5.3 Different Kinds of Exceptional Scope: A Certain and Some; 5.4 The Meaning for Some and a Presuppositional Explanation of Schwarz's Generalization; 5.5 Presuppositions of a Certain; 5.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Exceptional Scope: The Case of Spanish; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Domain Restriction and Exceptional Scope: Un vs. Algún; 6.2.1 Singleton Indefinites; 6.2.2 Un vs. Algún
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 6.2.3 Testing the Prediction: Un vs. Algún in Relative Clauses and Conditionals
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  • 9
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400765641
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXV, 200 p. 22 illus, digital)
    Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series 10
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Pagallo, Ugo The laws of robots
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers Law and legislation ; Civil law ; Criminal Law ; Law ; Law ; Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers Law and legislation ; Civil law ; Criminal Law ; Computer ; Privatrecht ; Strafrecht ; Roboter ; Recht
    Kurzfassung: This book explores how the design, construction, and use of robotics technology may affect today’s legal systems and, more particularly, matters of responsibility and agency in criminal law, contractual obligations, and torts. By distinguishing between the behaviour of robots as tools of human interaction, and robots as proper agents in the legal arena, jurists will have to address a new generation of “hard cases.” General disagreement may concern immunity in criminal law (e.g., the employment of robot soldiers in battle), personal accountability for certain robots in contracts (e.g., robo-traders), much as clauses of strict liability and negligence-based responsibility in extra-contractual obligations (e.g., service robots in tort law). Since robots are here to stay, the aim of the law should be to wisely govern our mutual relationships
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: On Law, Philosophy and Technology; 2.1 The Philosophy of Law and Robots; 2.1.1 The Law in Literature; 2.1.2 Sources, Concepts, and Legal Reasoning; 2.1.3 The Levels of Abstraction; 2.2 The Principle of Responsibility; 2.2.1 Immunity; 2.2.2 Strict Liability; 2.2.3 Personal Fault; 2.2.4 Responsibility for a Robot; 2.3 Agency and Accountability of Artificial Agents; 2.3.1 A Moral Threshold; 2.3.2 Agents Before the Law; 2.4 Who Pays?; Chapter 3: Crimes; 3.1 Sci-Fi Scenarios
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.2 The States of Mind and Criminal Acts3.3 Robots and Just Wars; 3.3.1 What Robots Might Change; 3.3.2 Just Causes of War; 3.3.3 Conditions of Just Wars; 3.3.4 Proportionality; 3.4 The Phenomenology of Picciotto Roboto; 3.4.1 Picciotto by Design; 3.4.2 Crimes of Intent; 3.4.3 Crimes of Negligence; 3.5 A Failure of Causation?; Chapter 4: Contracts; 4.1 Pacts, Clauses and Risk; 4.2 The Artificial Doctor; 4.2.1 Parties, Counterparties and Third Parties; 4.2.2 Producers, Users and Patients; 4.3 Robo-Traders; 4.3.1 Artificial Greediness; 4.3.2 The Robot and the Principal
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.3.3 A New Agent in Town4.4 Modern Robots, Ancient Slaves; 4.4.1 The Digital Peculium; 4.5 The UV Revolution; 4.5.1 AI Chauffeurs and Intelligent Car Sharing; 4.5.2 Unjust Damages; Chapter 5: Torts; 5.1 Bad Intentions; 5.2 Children, Pets and Negligence; 5.2.1 American Parents; 5.2.2 Italian Parents; 5.3 AI Employees and Strict Liability Rules; 5.3.1 The Digital Peculium Revisited; 5.4 Burdens of Proof; 5.4.1 The Precautionary Principle; 5.4.2 Robotic Openness; Chapter 6: Law as Meta-technology; 6.1 Robots as Legal Persons; 6.1.1 The Front of Robotic Liberation; 6.1.2 The Pragmatic Stance
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 6.2 Robots as Strict Agents6.3 Sources of Good and Evil; 6.4 Levels of Complexity; 6.4.1 Technologies of Social Control; 6.4.2 The Political Requirement; Conclusions; References
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 10
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400744387
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 375 p. 31 illus, digital)
    Serie: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 26
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Tanaka, Kōji, 1965 - Paraconsistency
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Parakonsistente Logik
    Kurzfassung: A logic is called 'paraconsistent' if it rejects the rule called 'ex contradictione quodlibet', according to which any conclusion follows from inconsistent premises. While logicians have proposed many technically developed paraconsistent logical systems and contemporary philosophers like Graham Priest have advanced the view that some contradictions can be true, and advocated a paraconsistent logic to deal with them, until recent times these systems have been little understood by philosophers. This book presents a comprehensive overview on paraconsistent logical systems to change this situation. The book includes almost every major author currently working in the field. The papers are on the cutting edge of the literature some of which discuss current debates and others present important new ideas. The editors have avoided papers about technical details of paraconsistent logic, but instead concentrated upon works that discuss more "big picture" ideas. Different treatments of paradoxes takes centre stage in many of the papers, but also there are several papers on how to interpret paraconistent logic and some on how it can be applied to philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and metaphysics
    Kurzfassung: A logic is called 'paraconsistent' if it rejects the rule called 'ex contradictione quodlibet', according to which any conclusion follows from inconsistent premises. While logicians have proposed many technically developed paraconsistent logical systems and contemporary philosophers like Graham Priest have advanced the view that some contradictions can be true, and advocated a paraconsistent logic to deal with them, until recent times these systems have been little understood by philosophers. This book presents a comprehensive overview on paraconsistent logical systems to change this situation. The book includes almost every major author currently working in the field. The papers are on the cutting edge of the literature some of which discuss current debates and others present important new ideas. The editors have avoided papers about technical details of paraconsistent logic, but instead concentrated upon works that discuss more 'big picture' ideas. Different treatments of paradoxes takes centre stage in many of the papers, but also there are several papers on how to interpret paraconistent logic and some on how it can be applied to philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and metaphysics.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Part 2. Applications ; An Approach to Human-Level Commonsense Reasoning , Paraconsistency: Introduction , Distribution in the Logic of Meaning Containment and in Quantum Mechanics , Wittgenstein on Incompleteness Makes Paraconsistent Sense , Pluralism and "Bad" Mathematical Theories: Challenging our Prejudices , Arithmetic Starred , Notes on Inconsistent Set Theory , Sorting out the Sorites , Are the Sorites and Liar Paradox of a Kind? , Vague Inclosures , Part 1. Logic ; Making Sense of Paraconsistent Logic: The Nature of Logic, Classical Logic and Paraconsistent Logic , On Discourses Addressed by Infidel Logicians , Information, Negation, and Paraconsistency , Noisy vs. Merely Equivocal Logics , Assertion, Denial and Non-classical Theories , New Arguments for Adaptive Logics as Unifying Frame for the Defeasible Handling of Inconsistency , Consequence as Preservation: Some Refinements , On Modal Logics Defining Jaśkowski's D2-Consequence , FDE: A Logic of Clutters , A Paraconsistent and Substructural Conditional Logic
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  • 11
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400752436
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p. 13 illus, digital)
    Serie: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 9
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Norms in technology
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Technik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Technik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Kurzfassung: This book offers a fusion of philosophy and technology, delineating the normative landscape that informs today s technologies and tomorrow s inventions. It examines what is deemed to be the internal norms that govern the ever-expanding technical universe
    Kurzfassung: This book is a distinctive fusion of philosophy and technology, delineating the normative landscape that informs today’s technologies and tomorrow’s inventions. The authors examine what we deem to be the internal norms that govern our ever-expanding technical universe. Recognizing that developments in technology and engineering literally create our human future, transforming existing knowledge into tomorrow’s tools and infrastructure, they chart the normative criteria we use to evaluate novel technological artifacts: how, for example, do we judge a ‘good’ from a ‘bad’ expert system or nuclear power plant? As well as these ‘functional’ norms, and the norms that guide technological knowledge and reasoning, the book examines commonly agreed benchmarks in safety and risk reduction, which play a pivotal role in engineering practice.Informed by the core insight that, in technology and engineering, factual knowledge relating, for example, to the properties of materials or the load-bearing characteristics of differing construction designs is not enough, this analysis follows the often unseen foundations upon which technologies rest-the norms that guide the creative forces shaping the technical landscape to come. The book, a comprehensive survey of these emerging topics in the philosophy of technology, clarifies the role these norms (epistemological, functional, and risk-assessing) play in technological innovation, and the consequences they have for our understanding of technological knowledge.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Norms in Technology; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1 The Many Relations Between Norms and Technology; 2 Two Types of Instrumental Norms; 3 Norms, Risk and Safety; 3.1 The Illusion of Nonnormative Risk Assessment; 3.2 The Undesirability of Risks; 3.3 Prioritization Among Incomparable Risks; 3.4 Probability Weighing; 3.5 Safety Norms in Engineering Practice; 4 The Structure of the Book; Part I: Normativity in Technological Knowledge and Action; Chapter 2: Extending the Scope of the Theory of Knowledge; 1 Introduction; 2 Science and Engineering Knowledge; 3 Engineering Knowledge
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4 Exploring Types of Engineering Knowledge5 Will the Justified True Belief Account Work?; 6 Bearers of Knowledge: Beliefs, Actions and Other Categories; 7 Conclusion; Appendix : Edison's Patent; References; Chapter 3: Rules, Plans and the Normativity of Technological Knowledge; 1 Introduction; 2 Technological Rules and Norms; 3 Plans and Agents; 4 Normativity in Technological Knowledge; 5 Towards an Epistemology of Routines; 6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Beliefs, Acceptances and Technological Knowledge; 1 Introduction: Can Technological Knowledge Be a Matter of Beliefs Only?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2 Types of Acceptances3 Types of Technological Knowledge; 4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Policy Objectives and the Functions of Transport Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Background and Observations; 2.1 Swedish Transport Policy Objectives; 2.2 Conceptions of Objectives and Rationality; 3 Normative Implications and Lessons Learned; 3.1 Goals Are Subject to Evaluation and Updating; 3.2 There Is a Trade-Off Between Precision and Flexibility; 3.3 Different Kinds of Goals Require Different Approaches; 4 Philosophical Relevance; 4.1 Future Generations
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.2 Standard of Measurement (Axiological Commensurability)4.3 Fairness; 5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 6: Rational Goals in Engineering Design: The Venice Dams; 1 Introduction; 2 The Function of Engineering Goals; 3 Designing the MOSE System; 4 Precision; 5 Evaluability; 6 Approachability; 7 Consistency; 8 Concluding Remarks; References; Part II: Normativity and Artefact Norms; Chapter 7: Valuation of Artefacts and the Normativity of Technology; 1 Introduction; 2 Classifying Value Statements; 2.1 Quantitative Classification; 2.2 Classification in Terms of Value Standards
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3 Categories of Technological Objects4 Functional Value Statements in Technology; 4.1 Function and Value: A First Approximation; 4.2 Four Types of Categories; 4.3 Asymmetries in the Use of Value Terms; 5 Norms; 6 Conclusion; Appendix: The Logic of Category-Specified Value; Categories and Their Elements; Subcategories; Value Predicates; Some Valid Inference Principles; References; Chapter 8: Artefactual Norms; 1 Introduction; 2 What's in a Norm?; 3 Artefact Use and Norms; 3.1 Compatibility; 3.2 Interference; 3.3 Quality; 4 Artefact Design and Norms; 4.1 Marketability; 4.2 Manufacturability
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.3 Transportability, Installability
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface -- Introduction -- Part I. Normativity in Technological Knowledge and Action.-Chapter 1.  Extending the scope of technological knowledge: Anthonie W.M. Meijers and Peter Kroes -- Chapter 2. Rules, plans and the normativity of technological knowledge: Wybo Houkes -- Chapter 3. Beliefs, acceptances and technological knowledge: Marc J. de Vries and Anthonie W.M. Meijers -- Chapter 4. Policy objectives and the functions of transport systems: Holger Rosencrantz -- Chapter 5. Rational Goals in Engineering Design: The Venice Dams Case: Karin Edvardsson Björnberg -- Part 2. Normativity and Artefact Norms -- Chapter 6. Valuation of Artefacts and the Normativity of Technology: Sven Ove Hansson -- Chapter 7. Artifactual norms: Krist Vaesen -- Chapter 8. Instrumental Artifact Functions and Normativity: Jesse Hughes -- Chapter 9. The goodness and kindness of artefacts: Maarten Franssen -- Part 3. Normativity and Technological Risks -- Chapter 10. The Non-Reductivity of Normativity in Risks: Niklas Möller -- Chapter 11. Risk and Degrees of Rightness: Martin Peterson and Nicolas Espinoza -- Chapter 12. Naturalness, Artifacts, and Value: Per Sandin -- Chapter 13. Trust in Technological Systems: Philip J. Nickel -- Index.     ​.
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  • 12
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400760134
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 151 p, digital)
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 45
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness
    Kurzfassung: As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality
    Kurzfassung: As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Complexity, Self-Organization and Natural Evolution; 1.1 Entropy and the "Intermediate State"; 1.2 Algorithmic Complexity and Self-Referentiality; 1.3 Cellular Automata and Self-Organization; Notes; Chapter 2: Embodiment Processes and Biological Computing; 2.1 The Game of Life and the Alternative Splicing; 2.2 The Interface Between Ruler and Coder; 2.3 The Recipe at Work: The Role of the Simulation Tools at the Evolutionary Level; 2.4 Reflexive Domains vs. Self-Organizing Domains; Notes
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 3: Randomness, Semantic Information and Limitation Procedures3.1 Logic and Probability: The Role of Constituents; 3.2 Semantic Information and Algorithmic Complexity; 3.3 Surface Information vs. Depth Information: The Biological Computer; 3.4 Non-standard Models and Limitation Procedures; Notes; Chapter 4: Natural Language and Boolean Semantics: the Genesis of the Cognitive Code; 4.1 Intensional Language and Natural Logic; 4.2 Logic and Ontology; 4.3 Meaning as Use and the Unfolding of Cognitive Activity; Notes; Chapter 5: Morphogenesis and the Emergence of Meaning
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.1 Eigenforms, Categorial Intuitions and Rational Perception5.2 Meaning Clarification and the "Thinking I"; 5.3 Knowledge and Reality: The Role of Conceptual Constructions; Notes; Bibliography; Name Index; Subject Index
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789400759831
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 252 p. 21 illus, digital)
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 93
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Studies in the composition and decomposition of event predicates
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Verbalphrase ; Ereignissemantik
    Kurzfassung: This detailed, perceptive addition to the linguistics literature analyzes the semantic components of event predicates, exploring their fine-grained elements as well as their agency in linguistic processing. The papers go beyond pure semantics to consider their varying influences of event predicates on argument structure, aspect, scalarity, and event structure.The volume shows how advances in the linguistic theory of event predicates, which have spawned Davidsonian and neo-Davidsonian notions of event arguments, in addition to ‘event structure’ frameworks and mereological models for the eventuality domain, have sidelined research on specific sets of entailments that support a typology of event predicates. Addressing this imbalance in the literature, the work also presents evidence indicating a more complex role for scalar structures than currently assumed. It will enrich the work of semanticists, psycholinguists, and syntacticians with a decompositional approach to verb phrase structure
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Studies in the Composition and Decomposition of Event Predicates; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: The (De)composition of Event Predicates; 1.1 Subatomic Semantics of Event Predicates; 1.2 Aspectual Composition; 1.2.1 Event-Argument Homomorphism; 1.2.2 Scales, Degrees, Generalized Paths; 1.2.3 The Contribution of the Verb vs. Other Elements; 1.2.4 Aspectual Tests, Coercion, Quantified Incremental Arguments; 1.3 Adverbial Modification; 1.3.1 Interaction with Event Structure; 1.3.2 Interaction with Scales; 1.3.3 Interaction with Temporal Structure; 1.4 Experimental Studies of Event Predicates
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1.5 ConclusionReferences; Chapter 2: On the Criteria for Distinguishing Accomplishments from Activities, and Two Types of Aspectual Misfits; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Criteria for the Distinction Between Activities and Accomplishments; 2.2.1 Telos; 2.2.2 The Subinterval Property (Homogeneity) and Cumulativity; 2.2.3 Specifying Temporal Extent; 2.2.4 Entailments Between Simple Tense and Progressive Sentences; 2.2.5 Result States; 2.2.6 Iteration; 2.2.7 Accomplishments Can Have Two Readings Where Activities Have Only One; 2.2.8 Partial Completion; 2.3 Accomplishments Entail Activities
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2.4 Delimited Situations Without a Predetermined Telos2.4.1 The Problem; 2.4.2 Hallman's Solution; 2.4.3 A Pragmatic Explanation; 2.5 Predicates with Selected Non-specific DPs; 2.5.1 (Unstressed) Some, a Few, Many/a Lot Of; 2.5.2 At Most, at Least; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Lexicalized Meaning and Manner/Result Complementarity; 3.1 Manner/Result Complementarity: A Constraint on Verb Meaning?; 3.2 Manners, Results and the Relation Between Them; 3.3 Putative Counterexamples to Manner/Result Complementarity; 3.4 A Potential Counterexample from the Change of State Domain
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.5 A Potential Counterexample from the Motion Domain3.5.1 The Manner Lexicalized by Climb; 3.5.2 Where Does the Inference of Upwardness Come From?; 3.5.3 Transitive Climb Does Not Lexicalize Direction; 3.5.4 The Direction-Only Use of Climb; 3.6 Potential Counterexamples Are Systematic, Even if Sporadic; 3.7 Concluding Words: The Lesson from the Problematic Verbs; References; Chapter 4: Oriented Adverbs and Object Experiencer Psych-Verbs; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Subjective Adverbs: Typology and Ambiguities; 4.2.1 Dispositional Adverbs; 4.2.1.1 Introduction
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.2.1.2 The Manner Reading: Two Previous Analyses4.2.2 Psychological Adverbs; 4.2.2.1 Ernst 2002; 4.2.2.2 Geuder 2000/2004; 4.2.3 Relative and Absolute Transparent Adverbs; 4.2.4 The Manner Reading of Adverbs with a Transparent Use; 4.2.5 Evaluative Reading; 4.2.6 Result Reading; 4.3 Subjective Adverbs and Weakly Agentive Predicates; 4.3.1 Convince Cleverly; 4.3.2 Convince Patiently; 4.3.3 Psychological Adverbs; 4.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Two Sources of Scalarity Within the Verb Phrase; 5.1 Scalarity and the Verb Phrase; 5.2 Eventive and Evaluative Uses of Half
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.2.1 Two Readings
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Boban Arsenijević, Berit Gehrke & Rafael Marín: Introduction: The (De)composition of Event Predicates -- 2. Anita Mittwoch: On the Criteria for Distinguishing Accomplishments from Activities, and Two Types of Aspectual Misfits -- 3. Beth Levin & Malka Rappaport Hovav: Lexicalized Meaning and Manner/Result Complementarity -- 4. Fabienne Martin: Oriented Adverbs and Object Experiencer Psych-verbs -- 5. M. Ryan Bochnak: Two Sources of Scalarity within the Verb Phrase -- 6. Jens Fleischhauer: Interaction of Telicity and Degree Gradation in Change of State Verbs   -- 7. Kyle Rawlins: On Adverbs of (Space and) Time -- 8. Oliver Bott: The Processing Domain of Aspectual Information -- 9. Evie Malaia, Ronnie B. Wilbur & Christine Weber-Fox: Event End-Point Primes the Undergoer Argument: Neurobiological Bases of  Event Structure Processing.
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  • 14
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400745995 , 128363385X , 9781283633857
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 255 p. 102 illus., 12 illus. in color, digital)
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 357
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Betz, Gregor Debate dynamics: how controversy improves our beliefs
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Argumentationstheorie ; Debatte
    Kurzfassung: Is critical argumentation an effective way to overcome disagreement? And does the exchange of arguments bring opponents in a controversy closer to the truth? This study provides a new perspective on these pivotal questions. By means of multi-agent simulations, it investigates the truth and consensus-conduciveness of controversial debates. The book brings together research in formal epistemology and argumentation theory. Aside from its consequences for discursive practice, the work may have important implications for philosophy of science and the way we construe scientific rationality as well.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Debate Dynamics: How Controversy Improves Our Beliefs; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: General Introduction; 1.1 The Aims of Argumentation; 1.2 An Example of a Controversial Argumentation; 1.3 Modeling Controversial Debate; 1.4 Results Pertaining to Consensus-Conduciveness; 1.5 Results Pertaining to Truth-Conduciveness; 1.6 Objections and Caveats; 1.7 Putting the Approach in Perspective; Chapter 2: An Introduction to the Theory of Dialectical Structures; 2.1 Fundamental Concepts; 2.2 Degrees of Justification; 2.3 The Space of Coherent Positions; 2.4 Normalized Closeness Centrality
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2.5 Inferential Density2.6 The General Design of the Simulations; Part I: Why Do We Agree? On the Consensus-Conduciveness of Controversial Argumentation; Chapter 3: Introduction to Part I; 3.1 Outline of Part I; 3.2 Main Results and Their Justification; Chapter 4: The Consensual Dynamics of Simple Random Debates; 4.1 Setup; 4.2 Results; 4.3 Discussion; 4.4 Results, Continued; 4.5 Discussion, Continued; Chapter 5: The Consensual Dynamics of Random Debates with Explicit Background Knowledge; 5.1 Setup; 5.2 Results; 5.3 Discussion
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 6: Comparing the Consensual Dynamics of Four Proponent-Specific Argumentation Strategies in Dualistic Debates6.1 Setup; 6.2 Results; 6.3 Discussion; Chapter 7: The Consensual Dynamics of Argumentation Strategies in Many-Proponent Debates; 7.1 Setup; 7.2 Results; 7.3 Discussion; Chapter 8: The Consensual Dynamics of Debates with Core Updating; 8.1 Setup; 8.2 Results; 8.3 Discussion; Chapter 9: The Consensual Dynamics of Debates with Core Argumentation; 9.1 Setup; 9.2 Results; 9.3 Discussion; Part II: How Do We Know? On the Truth-Conduciveness of Controversial Argumentation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 10: Introduction to Part II10.1 Outline of Part II; 10.2 Main Results and Their Justification; Chapter 11: The Veritistic Dynamics of Simple Random Debates; 11.1 Setup; 11.2 Results; 11.2.1 Truth's Attraction: How Rapidly Does the Proponents' Verisimilitude Increase?; 11.2.2 The Verisimilitude of Consensus Positions: Is Mutual Agreement a Good Indicator of Having Reached the Truth?; 11.2.3 The Verisimilitude of Stable Positions: Are Proponent Positions Which Remain Relatively Stable Closer to the Truth?; 11.3 Discussion
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 12: The Veritistic Dynamics of Random Debates with Explicit Background Knowledge12.1 Setup; 12.2 Results; 12.3 Discussion; Chapter 13: Comparing the Veritistic Dynamics of Four Proponent-Specific Argumentation Strategies in Dualistic Debates; 13.1 Setup; 13.2 Results; 13.3 Discussion; Chapter 14: The Veritistic Dynamics of Argumentation Strategies in Many-Proponent Debates; 14.1 Setup; 14.2 Results; 14.2.1 Truth's Attraction: How Rapidly Does the Proponents' Verisimilitude Increase?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 14.2.2 The Verisimilitude of Consensus Positions: Is Mutual Agreement a Good Indicator of Having Reached the Truth?
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  • 15
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400715189
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VI, 414 p, digital)
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 206
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Schütz, Alfred, 1899 - 1959 Collected papers ; 6: Literary reality and relationships
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Linguistics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Linguistics ; Literatur ; Interaktion
    Kurzfassung: This book contains texts devoted by Alfred Schutz to the 'normative' areas of literature and ethics. It includes writings dealing with the author-reader relationship, multiple realities, the literary province of meaning, and Schutz's views on equality. Never published in English commentaries on Goethe's novel and the account of personality in the social world appear in this volume.
    Kurzfassung: The three essays in this volume illuminate Alfred Schutz’s understanding of literature and literary relationships. The first, “Life Forms and Meaning Structures,” presents such ideal life-forms as duration, memory, the speaking ego, and the I in relation to the Thou. This essay also describes the fundamental nature of human experience, its pluralized realms, the passage of time, perspectival interpretation, action and its impediments-all concepts which make possible an understanding of literature and literary themes. The essay goes on to discuss opera, and the relationship between music and language in opera. The second essay, “The Problem of Personality in the Social World,” offers insights into the unity the social person achieves, temporality, and the role of the body and the importance of pragmatic relevances. This shows how, even before he arrived in the United States, Schutz went beyond his 1932 Phenomenology of the Social World in a pragmatic direction. This essay anticipates Schutz’s 1945 essay, “On Multiple Realities,” by discussing reality-spheres of working, phantasy, dreams, and theory. Reality-spheres are vital for understanding literature, as shown in the third essay, which translates for the first time two Goethe manuscripts produced by Schutz in 1948. The first text, on Lehrjahre, reveals Schutz actually interpreting a piece of literature, tracing the themes of art and life and fate and freedom through the text. The second, a commentary on Goethe’s Wanderjahre, presents an inchoate theory of literature. Defending Goethe’s 1829 version of the Wanderjahre novel, Schutz argues that critics miss the point that readers of literature adopt a specific kind of epoché in which they enter a reality-sphere governed by “the logic of the poetic event,” whose rules are not those of everyday life or theoretical contemplation. In sum, this volume brings out the distinctive character of literary reality and the relationships between author and reader, and invites the reader to derive a sense of how Schutz himself read literature.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Editorial Introduction by Michael Barber -- Life Forms and Meaning Structures -- The Problem of Personality in the Social World” -- Two Goethe Texts: “Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre” (Wilhelm Meister’s Year of Apprenticeship) and “Zu Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahren” (On Wilhelm Meister’s Years of Travel).
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  • 16
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400754287 , 1283634449 , 9781283634441
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 94 p. 4 illus, digital)
    Serie: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Entscheidung ; Vernunft ; Neurowissenschaften
    Kurzfassung: This book carries out an epistemological analysis of the decision, including a critical analysis through the continuous reference to an interdisciplinary approach including a synthesis of philosophical approaches, biology and neuroscience. Besides this it represents the analysis of causality here seen not from the formal point of view, but from the 'embodied' point of view. ?
    Kurzfassung: This book carries out an epistemological analysis of the decision, including a critical analysis through the continuous reference to an interdisciplinary approach including a synthesis of philosophical approaches, biology and neuroscience. Besides this it represents the analysis of causality here seen not from the formal point of view, but from the "embodied" point of view
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Epistemology of Decision; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Introduction; Rationality and NeuroeconomicsPart I; 1 Rationality and Experimental Economics; 1.1 The Theory of Rational Choice; 1.2 Game Theory; 1.3 Teleology, Instrumentalism and Interpretivism; 1.4 Experimental Economics; 1.5 Criticism of Experimental Economics; References; 2 Neuroeconomics; 2.1 Neuroeconomics and Causality; 2.2 Game Theory and Neuroscience; 2.3 The Role of Social Cognition; 2.4 Empathy Basic and Empathy Re-Enactive; 2.5 Doubts, Feasibility and Future of Neuroeconomics; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Biological ApproachesPart II3 Evolutionary Economics and Biological Complexity; 3.1 Biology and the Economy; 3.2 Economic Progress and Evolutionism; 3.3 The Computational Methods and the Engineering Approach; 3.4 Complexity; References;
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789400761100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 270 p. 4 illus., 3 illus. in color, digital)
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 107
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Coherence: insights from philosophy, jurisprudence and artificial intelligence
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic epistemology ; Computers Law and legislation ; Law ; Law ; Genetic epistemology ; Computers Law and legislation ; Law ; Philosophy ; Sense of coherence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kohärenz ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Kurzfassung: This book is a thorough treatise concerned with coherence and its significance in legal reasoning. The individual chapters present the topic from the general philosophical perspective, the perspective of legal-theory as well as the viewpoint of cognitive sciences and the research on artificial intelligence and law. As it has turned out the interchange of knowledge among these disciplines is very fruitful for each of them, providing mutual inspiration and increasing understanding of a given topic. This book is a unique resource for anyone interested in the concept of coherence and the role it plays in reasoning. As this book captures important contemporary issues concerning the ongoing discussion on coherence and law, those interested in legal reasoning should find it particularly helpful. By presenting such a broad scope of views and methods on approaching the issue of coherence we hope to promote the general interest in the topic as well as the academic research that centers around coherence and law.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Three Kinds of Coherentism; Jaap Hage -- Coherence and Reliability in Judicial Reasoning; Stefan Schubert and Erik J. Olsson -- Coherence and Probability: A Probabilistic Account of Coherence; William Roche -- Coherence: An Outline in Six Metaphors and Four Rules; Juan Manuel Peréz Bermejo -- Legal Interpretation and Coherence; Bartosz Brożek -- Normative Inconsistency and Logical Theories. A First Critique of Defeasibilism; Giovanni Battista Ratti -- The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity; Aldo Schiavello -- Pattern Languages & Institutional Facts.Functions and Coherences in the Law; Kenneth Ehrenberg -- Consistency and Coherence in the “Hypertext” of Law. A Textological Approach; Wojciech Cyrul -- Case Classification, Similarities, Spaces of Reasons, and Coherences; Marcello Guarini -- Coherence as Constraint Satisfaction: Judicial Reasoning Support Mechanism; Jaromír Šavelka -- Limits of Constraint Satisfaction Theory of Coherence as a Theory of (Legal) Reasoning; Michał Araszkiewicz -- Ten Theses on Coherence in Law; Amalia Amaya.  Introduction -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Three Kinds of Coherentism; Jaap Hage -- Coherence and Reliability in Judicial Reasoning; Stefan Schubert and Erik J. Olsson -- Coherence and Probability: A Probabilistic Account of Coherence; William Roche -- Coherence: An Outline in Six Metaphors and Four Rules; Juan Manuel Peréz Bermejo -- Legal Interpretation and Coherence; Bartosz Brożek -- Normative Inconsistency and Logical Theories. A First Critique of Defeasibilism; Giovanni Battista Ratti -- The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity; Aldo Schiavello -- Pattern Languages & Institutional Facts.Functions and Coherences in the Law; Kenneth Ehrenberg -- Consistency and Coherence in the “Hypertext” of Law. A Textological Approach; Wojciech Cyrul -- Case Classification, Similarities, Spaces of Reasons, and Coherences; Marcello Guarini -- Coherence as Constraint Satisfaction: Judicial Reasoning Support Mechanism; Jaromír Šavelka -- Limits of Constraint Satisfaction Theory of Coherence as a Theory of (Legal) Reasoning; Michał Araszkiewicz -- Ten Theses on Coherence in Law; Amalia Amaya.  .
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Cover
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400749146
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 516 p. 185 illus, digital)
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Methodology ; Social Sciences ; Social sciences ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Methodology
    Kurzfassung: This book provides a thorough summary of the means currently available to the investigators of Artificial Intelligence for making criminal behavior (both individual and collective) foreseeable, and for assisting their investigative capacities. The volume provides chapters on the introduction of artificial intelligence and machine learning suitable for an upper level undergraduate with exposure to mathematics and some programming skill or a graduate course. It also brings the latest research in Artificial Intelligence to life with its chapters on fascinating applications in the area of law enforcement, though much is also being accomplished in the fields of medicine and bioengineering. Individuals with a background in Artificial Intelligence will find the opening chapters to be an excellent refresher but the greatest excitement will likely be the law enforcement examples, for little has been done in that area. The editors have chosen to shine a bright light on law enforcement analytics utilizing artificial neural network technology to encourage other researchers to become involved in this very important and timely field of study.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Dedication -- Preface.- Chapter 1. Introduction to Artificial Networks and Law Enforcement Analytics; William J. Tastle -- Chapter 2. Law Enforcement and Artificial Intelligence; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 3. The General Philosophy of Artificial Adaptive Systems; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 4. A Brief Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms and the Genetic Doping Algorithm; M. Buscema, M. Capriotti -- Chapter 5. Artificial Adaptive Systems in Data Visualization: Pro-Active data; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 6. The Metropolitan Police Service Central Drug Trafficking Database: Evidence of Need; Geoffrey Monaghan and Stefano Terzi -- Chapter 7. Supervised Artificial neural Networks: Back Propagation Neural Networks; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 8. Pre-Processing Tools for Non-Linear Data Sets; Massimo Buscema, Alessandra Mancini and Marco Breda -- Chapter 9. Metaclassifiers; Massimo Buscema, Stefano Terzi -- Chapter 10. Auto Identification of a Drug Seller Utilizing a Specialized Supervised Neural Network; Massimo Buscema and Marco Intraligi -- Chapter 11. Visualization and Clustering of Self-Organizing Maps; Giulia Massini -- Chapter 12. Self-Organizing Maps: Identifying Non-Linear Relationships in Massive Drug Enforcement Databases; Guila Massini -- Chapter 13. Theory of Constraint Satisfaction Neural Networks; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 14. Application of the Constraint Satisfaction Network; Marco Intraligi and Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 15. Auto-Contractive Maps, h Function and the Maximally regular Graph: A new methodology for data mining; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 16. Analysis of a Complex Dataset Using the Combined MST and Auto Contractive Map; Giovanni Pieri -- Chapter 17. Auto Contractive Mapsand Minimal Spanning tree: Organization of Complex datasets on criminal behavior to aid in the deduction of network connectivity; Giula Massini and Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 18. Data Mining Using Non-linear Auto Associative Artificial Neural Networks: The Arrestee Dataset; Massimo Buscema -- Chapter 19. Artificial Adaptive System for Parallel Querying of Multiple Databases; Massimo Buscema.-.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 19
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400760677
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 273 p, digital)
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 106
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Neutrality and theory of law
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Criminology ; Law ; Law ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Criminology ; Criminology ; Genetic epistemology ; Law ; Philosophy of law ; Law ; Philosophy ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Rechtswissenschaft ; Rechtstheorie ; Rechtspositivismus ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Kriminologie
    Kurzfassung: This book brings together twelve of the most important legal philosophers in the Anglo-American and Civil Law traditions. The book is a collection of the papers these philosophers presented at the Conference on Neutrality and Theory of Law, held at the University of Girona, in May 2010. The central question that the conference and this collection seek to answer is: Can a theory of law be neutral? The book covers most of the main jurisprudential debates. It presents an overall discussion of the connection between law and morals, and the possibility of determining the content of law without appealing to any normative argument. It examines the type of project currently being held by jurisprudential scholarship. It studies the different approaches to theorizing about the nature or concept of law, the role of conceptual analysis and the essential features of law. Moreover, it sheds some light on what can be learned from studying the non-essential features of law. Finally, it analyzes the nature of legal statements and their truth values. This book takes the reader a step further to understanding law
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface -- The Province of Jurisprudence Underdetermined; Juan Carlos Bayón -- Necessity, Importance, and the Nature of Law; Frederick Schauer -- Ideals, Practices, and Concepts in Legal Theory; Brian Bix -- Alexy Between Positivism and non-Positivism; Eugenio Bulygin -- The Architecture of Jurisprudence ; Jules Coleman -- Norms, Truth and Legal Statements; Jorge Rodríguez -- Juristenrecht. Inventing Rights, Obligations, and Powers; Riccardo Guastini -- The Demarcation Problem in Jurisprudence: A New Case for Skepticism; Brian Leiter -- Normative Legal Positivism, Neutrality, and the Rule of Law; Bruno Celano -- On the Neutrality of Charter Reasoning; Wilfrid Waluchow -- Between Positivism and Non-Positivism? A Third Reply to Eugenio Bulygin; Robert Alexy -- The Scientific Model of Jurisprudence; Dan Priel -- Jurisprudential Methodology: Is Pure Interpretation Possible?; Kevin Walton.    ​.
    URL: Cover
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  • 20
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400751378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 161 p, digital)
    Serie: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 31
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic
    Kurzfassung: This compelling reevaluation of the relationship between logic and knowledge affirms the key role that the notion of judgement must play in such a review. The commentary repatriates the concept of judgement in the discussion, banished in recent times by the logical positivism of Wittgenstein, Hilbert and Schlick, and the Platonism of Bolzano. The volume commences with the insights of Swedish philosopher Per Martin-Löf, the father of constructive type theory, for whom logic is a demonstrative science in which judgement is a settled feature of the landscape. His paper opens the first of four sections that examine, in turn, historical philosophical assessments of judgement and reason; their place in early modern philosophy; the notion of judgement and logical theory in Wolff, Kant and Neo-Kantians like Windelband; their development in the Husserlian phenomenological paradigm; and the work of Bolzano, Russell and Frege. The papers, whose authors include Per Martin-Löf, Göran Sundholm, Michael Della Rocca and Robin Rollinger, represent a finely judged editorial selection highlighting work on philosophers exercised by the question of whether or not an epistemic notion of judgement has a role to play in logic. The volume will be of profound interest to students and academicians for its application of historical developments in philosophy to the solution of vexatious contemporary issues in the foundation of logic. ​
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Judgement and the Epistemic Foundation of Logic; Preface; Contents; Introduction; Bibliography; Part I: Constructivism, Judgement and Reason; Chapter 1: Verificationism Then and Now; Chapter 2: Demonstrations Versus Proofs, Being an Afterword to Constructions, Proofs, and the Meaning of the Logical Constants; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Containment and Variation; Two Strands in the Development of Analyticity from Aristotle to Martin-Löf; Bibliography; Part II: Judgement and Reason in the Seventeenth Century; Chapter 4: Descartes' Theory of Judgement: Warranted Assertions, the Key to Science*
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Descartes' Debate with Scholastic Logic over the Foundations of Science2 The Rules for the Forming of True Judgements; 3 The Many Uses of the Concept of Judgement in Descartes' Mathesis; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Striving, Oomph, and Intelligibility in Spinoza; 1 Descartes and the Great Intelligibility Trade-Off; 2 Strengthening Intelligibility; 3 Weakening Intelligibility; Bibliography; I. Works by Descartes; II. Works by Spinoza; III. Works by Leibniz; IV. Works by Hume; V. Other Works; Part III: Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Bolzano
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 6: The Role of Wolff's Analysis of Judgements in Kant's Inaugural Dissertation1 Wolff's Analysis of Judgements; 2 Meier's Notion of Condition; 3 The Strategy of Kant's Dissertation; 4 Three Classes of Subreption; Bibliography; Chapter 7: Windelband on Beurteilung; 1 Windelband's Definition of Judgement; 2 Windelband's Three-Step Argument; 3 Judgeable Content; 4 Assessing Under Assumption of Epistemic Values; 5 The Nature of Epistemic Assessment; Bibliography; I. Primary; II. Secondary; Chapter 8: A Priori Knowledge in Bolzano, Conceptual Truths, and Judgements
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 The Apriori in Bolzano1.1 Concepts and Conceptual Truths; 1.2 Conceptual Truths and Judgements A Priori; 1.2.1 Conceptual Truths and Analytic Truths; 1.2.2 Empirical Analytic Truths; 1.2.3 Synthetic Conceptual Truths; 1.3 How Are Synthetic Judgements A Priori Possible?; 2 Understanding (C1): Bolzano's Epistemology; 2.1 Judgements and Subjective Representations; 2.2 Bolzano's Analysis of the Concept of Knowledge; 2.2.1 Confidence; 2.2.2 How Much Confidence?; 3 Understanding (C2): Knowing a Concept; 3.1 The Correspondence Assumption; 3.2 Having a Representation, Clarity, and Distinctness
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4 Definitions, Proofs, and Synthetic Truths4.1 Knowledge and Proof; 4.2 Two Remaining Problems; 4.3 The Case of Fundamental Truths; 5 Conclusion; Bibliography; Part IV: Husserl, Frege and Russell; Chapter 9: Immanent and Real States of Affairs in Husserl's Early Theory of Judgement: Reflections on Manuscripts from 1893/1894 and Their Background in the Logic of Brentano and Stumpf; 1 Introduction; 2 Brentano and Stumpf on Contents of Judgement; 2.1 Brentano; 2.2 Stumpf; 2.3 Excursus: Other Students of Brentano; 3 Husserl's Theory of Judgement (1893/1894)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.1 Psychological Studies in Elementary Logic
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface -- Part 1. Constructivism, Judgement, and Reason -- Chapter 1. Verificationism then and now: Per Martin-Löf -- Chapter 2. Demonstrations versus Proofs, being an afterword to 'Constructions, Proofs and the meaning of Logical Constants': Göran Sundholm -- Chapter 3. Containment and Variation: Two Strands in the Development of Analyticity from Aristotle to Martin-Löf: Göran Sundholm -- Part 2. Judgement and Reason in the Seventeenth Century -- Chapter 4. Decartes' Theory of Judgement: Warranted Assertions, the Key to Science: Elodie Cassan -- Chapter 5. Striving, Oomph, and Intelligibility in Spinoza: Michael Della Rocca -- Part 3. Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Bolzano -- Chapter 6. The Role of Wolff's Analysis of Judgments in Kant's Inaugural Dissertation: Johan Blok -- Chapter 7. Windelband on 'Beurteilung’: Arnaud Dewalque -- Chapter 8. A Priori Knowledge in Bolzano; Conceptual Truths and Judgements: Stefan Roski -- Part 4. Husserl, Frege and Russell -- Chapter 9. Immanent and Real States of Affairs in Husserl's Early Theory of Judgement: Robin Rollinger -- Chapter 10. Frege and Russell on Assertion: Jeremy Kelly.​.
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400753570 , 1283936097 , 9781283936095
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 215 p. 23 illus, digital)
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 362
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Bayesian argumentation
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer simulation ; Applied linguistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Applied psychology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer simulation ; Applied linguistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Applied psychology ; Reasoning (Psychology) ; Congresses ; Logic ; Congresses ; Thought and thinking ; Congresses ; Probabilities ; Congresses ; Bayesian statistical decision theory ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift ; Argumentationstheorie ; Bayes-Entscheidungstheorie
    Kurzfassung: Relevant to, and drawing from, a range of disciplines, the chapters in this collection show the diversity, and applicability, of research in Bayesian argumentation. Together, they form a challenge to philosophers versed in both the use and criticism of Bayesian models who have largely overlooked their potential in argumentation. Selected from contributions to a multidisciplinary workshop on the topic held in Lund, Sweden, in autumn 2010, the authors count legal scholars and cognitive scientists among their number, in addition to philosophers. They analyze material that includes real-life court cases, experimental research results, and the insights gained from computer models.The volume provides a formal measure of subjective argument strength and argument force, robust enough to allow advocates of opposing sides of an argument to agree on the relative strengths of their supporting reasoning. With papers from leading figures such as Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn, the book comprises recent research conducted at the frontiers of Bayesian argumentation and provides a multitude of examples in which these formal tools can be applied to informal argument. It signals new and impending developments in philosophy, which has seen Bayesian models deployed in formal epistemology and philosophy of science, but has yet to explore the full potential of Bayesian models as a framework in argumentation. In doing so, this revealing anthology looks destined to become a standard teaching text in years to come.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Bayesian Argumentation; Foreword; Contents; Bayesian Argumentation: The Practical Side of Probability; 1 Introduction; 2 The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; 3 Chapter Overview; 3.1 The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; 3.2 The Legal Domain; 3.3 Modeling Rational Agents; 3.4 Theoretical Issues; References; Part I: The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; Testimony and Argument: A Bayesian Perspective; 1 Introduction; 2 Testimony, Argumentation and the `Third Way´; 3 Some Problems for MAXMIN; 4 A Bayesian Perspective; 5 Message Content and Message Source: Exploring Norms and Intuitions
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 6 Rehousing Argumentation Schemes Within a Bayesian Framework7 Concluding Remarks; References; Why Are We Convinced by the Ad Hominem Argument?: Bayesian Source Reliability and Pragma-Dialectical Discussion Rules; 1 Types of the Argumentum Ad Hominem; 2 The Pragma-Dialectical Approach; 3 The Bayesian Approach; 4 An Experiment on the Argument Ad Hominem; 5 Method; 6 Results and Discussion; 7 Conclusion; Appendix: Experimental Materials; Abusive; Circumstantial; Tu Quoque; Control; References; 1 Introduction; 2 Survey of Relevant Uncertainties; Part II: The Legal Domain
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A Survey of Uncertainties and Their Consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation2.1 The Example Case; 2.2 Factual Uncertainty; 2.3 Normative Uncertainty; 2.4 Moral Uncertainty; 2.5 Empirical Uncertainty; 2.6 Interdependencies; 3 Desirable Attributes for a Probabilistic Argument Model to Assist Litigation Planning; 3.1 Assessment of Utilities; 3.2 Easy Knowledge Engineering; 3.3 Conflict Resolution and Argument Weights; 4 Sample Assessment of Graphical Models; 4.1 A Graphical Structure of the Analysis; 4.2 Casting the Example into a Graphical Model; 4.3 Generic Bayesian Networks
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5 Carneades5.1 A Brief Introduction to the Carneades Model; 5.2 Carneades Bayesian Networks; 5.3 Carneades Bayesian Networks with Probabilistic Assumptions; 5.4 Introduction to Argument Weights; 6 Extension of Carneades to Support Probabilistic Argument Weights; 7 Desiderata for Future Developments; 7.1 Weights Subject to Argumentation; 7.2 Inform Weights from Values; 8 Conclusions and Future Work; References; Was It Wrong to Use Statistics in R v Clark? A Case Study of the Use of Statistical Evidence in Criminal Courts; 1 Introduction; 2 Factual Background; 3 Existing Explanations
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.1 The Flaws in Meadow´s Calculation3.2 The Psychological Effect of the Statistical Evidence; 3.3 The Prosecutor´s Fallacy; 3.4 Bayes´ Theorem; 3.5 The Insignificance of the SIDS Statistics; 4 The Contrastive Explanation; 5 Conclusion; References; Part III: Modeling Rational Agents; A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation and Polarization; 1 Introduction; 2 The Laputa Simulation Framework; 3 The Underlying Bayesian Model; 4 Interpreting Laputa; 5 Do Bayesian Inquirers Polarize?; 6 Conclusion and Discussion; Appendix; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Degrees of Justification, Bayes´ Rule, and Rationality
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction: Frank Zenker.​- Part 1 -- The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation -- Chapter 1. Testimony and Argument: A Bayesian Perspective: Ulrike Hahn, Mike Oaksford and Adam J.L. Harris -- Chapter 2. Why are we convinced by the Ad Hominem Argument?: Source Reliability or Pragma-Dialectics: Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn.- Part 2. The Legal Domain.-Chapter 3. A survey of uncertainties and their consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation: Matthias Grabmair and Kevin D. Ashley -- Chapter 4. What went wrong in the case of Sally Clark? A case-study of the use of Statistical Evidence in Court: Amid Pundik -- Part 3. Modeling Rational Agents -- Chapter 5. A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation: Erik J. Olsson -- Chapter 6. Degrees of Justification, Bayes' Rule, and Rationality: Gregor Betz -- Chapter 7. Argumentation with (Bounded) Rational Agents: Robert van Rooij and Kris de Jaeghery -- Part 4. Theoretical Issues -- Chapter 8. Reductio, Coherence, and the Myth of Epistemic Circularity: Tomoji Shogenji -- Chapter 9. On Argument Strength: Niki Pfeiffer -- Chapter 10 -- Upping the Stakes and the Preface Paradox: Jonny Blamey -- References.​.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400755642 , 1283909006 , 9781283909006
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 109 p, online resource)
    Serie: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Epistemology ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economic history ; Social sciences ; Genetic epistemology ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economics Methodology ; Social sciences Methodology ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Praktische Vernunft ; Theoretische Vernunft ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie
    Kurzfassung: Table of contents -- Summary -- Preface -- Chapter I: Introduction -- Chapter II: Nancy Cartwright, Capacities and Nomological Machines: The Role of Theoretical Reason in Science -- Chapter III: Sen’s Capability Approach: The Role of Practical Reason in Social Science -- Chapter IV: The Contributions of Aristotle’s Thought to the Capability Approach -- Chapter V: Socio-Economic Machines and Practical Models of Development: The Role of the Human Development Index -- Chapter VI: Conclusion: Theoretical and Practical Reason in Economics
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the book is to argue for the restoration of theoretical and practical reason to economics. It presents Nancy Cartwright and Amartya Sen’s ideas as cases of this restoration and sees Aristotle as an influence on their thought. It looks at how we can use these ideas to develop a valuable understanding of practical reason for solving concrete problems in science and society. Cartwright’s capacities are real causes of events. Sen’s capabilities are the human person’s freedoms or possibilities. They relate these concepts to Aristotelian concepts. This suggests that these concepts can be combined. Sen’s capabilities are Cartwright’s capacities in the human realm; capabilities are real causes of events in economic life. Institutions allow us to deliberate on and guide our decisions about capabilities, through the use of practical reason. Institutions thus embody practical reason and infuse certain predictability into economic action. The book presents a case study: the UNDP’s HDI
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Theoreticaland PracticalReason in Economics; Preface; Contents; Summary; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Nancy Cartwright, Capacities and Nomological Machines: The Role of Theoretical Reason in Science; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Cartwright-Aristotle Connection; 2.2.1 The Connection; 2.2.2 The Ontology of Capacities; 2.2.3 The Epistemology of Capacities; 2.3 Cartwright's Skepticism About Capacities in the Social Realm; 2.3.1 Cartwright's Skepticism; 2.3.2 Julian Reiss's Interpretation and Proposal; 2.4 Socio-Economic Machines; 2.5 Conclusion; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3 Sen's Capability Approach: The Role of Practical Reason in Social Science3.1 Introducing the Capability Approach; 3.2 Some Problems in Sen's CA; 3.2.1 Identification of Valuable Capabilities: The Debate Over Lists of Capabilities; 3.2.2 Heterogeneity and Incommensurability; References; 4 The Contributions of Aristotle's Thought to the Capability Approach; 4.1 Aristotle on Lists; 4.1.1 The Supposedly Aristotelian List; 4.1.2 The True Aristotelian List; 4.1.3 Back to Sen; 4.2 "Practical Comparability" as a Way of Overcoming Incommensurability14; 4.2.1 The Aristotelian Conception
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.2.1.1 Commensuration4.2.1.2 Comparison by Intensity or Degree of Quality; 4.2.1.3 Comparison by Priority; 4.2.2 Back to Sen; 4.3 Some Conclusions Regarding the Aristotelian Contribution to the CA; 4.4 Capabilities and Capacities; 4.5 Conclusion; References; 5 Chapter Socio: -Economic Machines and Practical Models of Development: The Role of the HDI; 5.1 Socio-Economic Machines; 5.2 The HDI4; 5.3 Some Problems with Index Numbers and the HDI; 5.4 Theoretical and Practical Reason in the HDI
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.5 Conclusion: The Role of the HDI for the Construction of a Normative Socio-Economic Machine of Human DevelopmentReferences; 6 Conclusion: Theoretical and Practical Reason in Economics; Reference
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400762503
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VI, 296 p. 58 illus, digital)
    Serie: Yearbook of corpus linguistics and pragmatics ... 1
    Serie: Yearbook of corpus linguistics and pragmatics ...
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Information systems ; Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Information systems ; Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Applied linguistics ; Information systems ; Language and languages ; Linguistics ; Korpus ; Pragmatik
    Kurzfassung: The Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2013 discusses current methodological debates on the synergy of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics research. The volume presents insightful Pragmatic analyses of corpora in new technological domains and devotes some chapters to the pragmatic description of spoken corpora from various theoretical traditions. The Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics series will give readers insight into how Pragmatics can be used to explain real corpus data, and, in addition, how corpora can explain Pragmatic intuitions, and from there, develop and refine theory. Corpus Linguistics can offer a meticulous methodology based on mathematics and statistics, while Pragmatics is characterized by its efforts to interpret intended meaning in real language. This yearbook offers a platform to scholars who combine both research methodologies to present rigorous and interdisciplinary findings about language in real use
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Contents; New Domains and Methodologies in Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics Research, an Introduction; References; Part I: Current Theoretical Issues in Pragmatics and Corpus Linguistics Research; Advancing the Research Agenda of Interlanguage Pragmatics: The Role of Learner Corpora; 1 Pragmatics in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Critical Assessment; 1.1 Interlanguage Pragmatics and Its Scope of Inquiry; 1.2 Modeling L2 Pragmatic Knowledge; 2 Going Beyond Speech Acts: The Role of Learner Corpora; 3 Case Studies; 3.1 Data and Methodology; 3.2 Emphatic Do; 3.3 Demonstrative Clefts
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4 ConclusionReferences; Corpus Linguistics and Conversation Analysis at the Interface: Theoretical Perspectives, Practical Outcomes; 1 Introduction; 2 Corpus Linguistics: Epistemology and Ontology; 3 Conversation Analysis: Epistemology and Ontology; 4 A CLCA Methodology; 5 Discussion; 6 Conclusion; References; Small Corpora and Pragmatics; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Small Corpora in Corpus Linguistics; 2 The Use of Small Corpora in Pragmatic Research: A Selective Review; 3 A Case Study: 'We' in Small Corpora; 3.1 Frequency; 3.2 Family Discourse: Inclusive and Exclusive WE
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.3 Workplace Discourse: The Indexical Ground of WE4 Summary and Conclusions; References; Part II: New Domains for Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics; Multiword Structures in Different Materials, and with Different Goals and Methodologies; 1 Introduction; 2 Forerunners: Concordances, Collocational Frames and Collocation; 3 Three Methods Exploring MWSs in SLA; 3.1 The Phraseological Method; 3.2 The Lexical Bundle Method; 3.3 The Comprehensive Method; 4 Comparison Between the Phraseological, Lexical Bundles and Comprehensive Methods: Time-Economy and Quality; 4.1 Time-Economy and Quality
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.2 Qualitative Aspects: The Phraseological Method4.3 Qualitative Aspects: The Lexical Bundle Method; 4.4 Qualitative Aspects: The Comprehensive Method; 4.5 Main Points of Comparison Between the Three Methods; 5 An Empirical Study: Two Methods Illustrated on the Basis of the Same Material; 5.1 Material; 5.2 Task; 5.3 The Comprehensive Method: Categories and Inclusion; 5.4 The Lexical Bundle Method: Length of Bundles; 6 Comparison of a Selection of Results from the Empirical Study; 6.1 Numbers of MWS and LB Types in the Four Sub-corpora; 6.2 The Most Frequent MWSs and LBs
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 6.3 Types Captured by Both Methods6.4 Patterns Captured by One Method Only; 7 Conclusions; Appendices; Appendix A. Lexical Bundles - English; Appendix B. MWS - English; Appendix C. NSs and NNSs: Alphabetical Lists of Bundles; Example: A- Headed Bundles in the English Material; NS: Alphabetical List of A- Headed Bundles; NNS: Alphabetical List of A- Headed Bundles; Appendix D. Lexical Bundles - Spanish; Appendix E. MWSs - Spanish; References; Discourse Functions of Recurrent Multi-word Sequences in Online and Spoken Intercultural Communication; 1 Introduction; 2 What Are Multi-word Sequences?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3 Multi-word Sequences and Functional Language Use
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 1283698137 , 9789400750432 , 9781283698139
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 308 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 207
    Paralleltitel: Print version The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl
    DDC: 142.7
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938
    Kurzfassung: The present volume containing the dissertation of Dorion Cairns is the first part of a comprehensive edition of the philosophical papers of one of the foremost disseminators and interpreters of Husserlian phenomenology in North-America. Based on his intimate knowledge of Husserl's published writings and unpublished manuscripts and on the many conversations and discussions he had with Husserl and Fink during his stay in Freiburg i. Br. in 1931-1932. Cairns's dissertation is a comprehensive exposition of the methodological foundations and the concrete phenomenological analyses of Husserl's transcendental phenomenology. The lucidity and precision of Cairns's presentation is remarkable and demonstrates the secure grasp he had of Husserl's philosophical intentions and phenomenological distinctions. Starting from the phenomenological reduction and Husserl's Idea of Philosophy, Cairns proceeds with a detailed analysis of intentionality and the intentional structures of consciousness. In its scope and in the depth and nuance of its understanding, Cairns's dissertation belongs beside the writings on Husserl by Levinas and Fink from the same period
    Kurzfassung: The present volume containing the dissertation of Dorion Cairns is the first part of a comprehensive edition of the philosophical papers of one of the foremost disseminators and interpreters of Husserlian phenomenology in North-America.Based on his intimate knowledge of Husserl’s published writings and unpublished manuscripts and on the many conversations and discussions he had with Husserl and Fink during his stay in Freiburg i. Br. in 1931-1932. Cairns’s dissertation is a comprehensive exposition of the methodological foundations and the concrete phenomenological analyses of Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. The lucidity and precision of Cairns’s presentation is remarkable and demonstrates the secure grasp he had of Husserl’s philosophical intentions and phenomenological distinctions. Starting from the phenomenological reduction and Husserl’s Idea of Philosophy, Cairns proceeds with a detailed analysis of intentionality and the intentional structures of consciousness. In its scope and in the depth and nuance of its understanding, Cairns’s dissertation belongs beside the writings on Husserl by Levinas and Fink from the same period.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl; Editorial Foreword; Preface; Summary6; Contents; Chapter 1: The Transcendental Phenomenological Reduction: Husserl's Concept of the Idea of Philosophy; Appendix; Chapter 2: General Nature of Intentionality; Chapter 3: General Structure of the Act-Correlate*; Chapter 4: Thetic Quality; Chapter 5: Act-Horizon; Chapter 6: Founded Structures; Chapter 7: Direct and Indirect, Impressional and Reproductive, Consciousness; Chapter 8: Evidence; Chapter 9: Fulfilment; Chapter 10: Pure Possibility; Chapter 11: Recapitulation and Program
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 12: The Egological ReductionChapter 13: Primordial Sense-Perception; Chapter 14: Primordial Sense-Perception (Continued); Chapter 15: The Founding Strata of Primordial Sense-Perception; Chapter 16: The Constitution of Immanent Objects, and the General Nature of Association; Chapter 17: Spontaneity in General Attention; Chapter 18: Doxic Explication; Chapter 19: The Ego-Aspect of Evidence and the Evidence of Reflection; Chapter 20: Syntactical Acts and Syntactical Objects; Chapter 21: The Eidos and the Apriori; Chapter 22: Value Objects and Practical Objects
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 23: Conceptualization and ExpressionChapter 24: The Transcendental Ego; Chapter 25: The Transcendental Monad; Chapter 26: The Other Mind and the Intersubjective World; Chapter 27: Conclusion; Index;
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. The Transcendental Phenomenological Reduction: Husserl's concept of the Idea of Philosophy -- a. Appendix to Chapter 1 -- 2. General Nature of Intentionality -- 3. General Structure of the Act-Correlate -- 4. Thetic Quality -- 5. Act-Horizon -- 6. Founded Structures -- 7. Direct and Indirect, Impressional and Reproductive, Consciousness -- 8. Evidence -- 9. Fulfilment -- 10. Pure Possibility -- 11. Recapitulation and Program. 12. The Egological Reduction -- 13. Primordial Sense-Perception.-  14. Primordial Sense-Perception (Continued) -- 15. The Founding Strata of Primordial Sense-Perception -- 16. The Constitution of Immanent Objects, and the General Nature of Association.-  17. Spontaneity in General Attention -- 18. Doxic Explication -- 19. The Ego-Aspect of Evidence and the Evidence of Reflection -- 20. Syntactical Acts and Syntactical Objects -- 21. The Eidos and the Apriori -- 22. Value Objects and Practical Objects.-  23. Conceptualization and Expression.-  24. The Transcendental Ego.-  25. The Transcendental Monad -- 26. The Other Mind and the Intersubjective World -- 27. Conclusion.​.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789400744356
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 385 p. 18 illus, digital)
    Serie: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 27
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Ontology ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Ontology ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
    Kurzfassung: This book brings together philosophers, mathematicians and logicians to penetrate important problems in the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. In philosophy, one has been concerned with the opposition between constructivism and classical mathematics and the different ontological and epistemological views that are reflected in this opposition. The dominant foundational framework for current mathematics is classical logic and set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC). This framework is, however, laden with philosophical difficulties. One important alternative foundational programme that is actively pursued today is predicativistic constructivism based on Martin-Löf type theory. Associated philosophical foundations are meaning theories in the tradition of Wittgenstein, Dummett, Prawitz and Martin-Löf. What is the relation between proof-theoretical semantics in the tradition of Gentzen, Prawitz, and Martin-Löf and Wittgensteinian or other accounts of meaning-as-use? What can proof-theoretical analyses tell us about the scope and limits of constructive and predicative mathematics?
    Kurzfassung: This book brings together philosophers, mathematicians and logicians to penetrate important problems in the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. In philosophy, one has been concerned with the opposition between constructivism and classical mathematics and the different ontological and epistemological views that are reflected in this opposition. The dominant foundational framework for current mathematics is classical logic and set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC). This framework is, however, laden with philosophical difficulties. One important alternative foundational programme that is actively pursued today is predicativistic constructivism based on Martin-Löf type theory. Associated philosophical foundations are meaning theories in the tradition of Wittgenstein, Dummett, Prawitz and Martin-Löf. What is the relation between proof-theoretical semantics in the tradition of Gentzen, Prawitz, and Martin-Löf and Wittgensteinian or other accounts of meaning-as-use? What can proof-theoretical analyses tell us about the scope and limits of constructive and predicative mathematics?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Epistemology versus Ontology; Contents; Introduction; 1 Background; 2 Martin-Löf: Pioneer and Land Clearer; 3 Contributions to This Volume; 3.1 Part I: Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics; 3.2 Part II: Foundations; Acknowledgments; On the Philosophical Work of Per Martin-Löf; Notes on the Contributors; Part I Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics; Chapter 1: Kant and Real Numbers; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Mathematics Within Subjective Limits; 1.3 Kant's Discussion with Rehberg; 1.4 Infinite Sequences as Concepts and as Objects; 1.5 Concluding Remark; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 2: Wittgenstein's Diagonal Argument: A Variationon Cantor and Turing2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Three Diagonal Arguments; 2.2.1 The Halting Problem; 2.2.2 Turing's First Argument; 2.2.3 The Argument from the Pointerless Machine; 2.3 Wittgenstein's Diagonal Argument; 2.4 The Positive Russell Paradox; 2.5 Interpreting Wittgenstein; References; Chapter 3: Truth and Proof in Intuitionism; 3.1 Early Intuitionistic Accounts of Propositions, Assertions, and Proof; 3.1.1 Heyting on Propositions and Assertions; 3.1.2 Heyting on Proofs; 3.1.3 The BHK-Interpretation; 3.2 Dummett's Verificationism
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.2.1 A Correction of the Intuitionistic Meaning-Theory3.2.2 Truth in Verificationism and the Knowability Principle; 3.3 Martin-Löf's Type Theory; 3.4 Martin-Löf's Siena Lectures and a Subsequent Paper; 3.5 The Epistemic Approach to Meaning and Truth Being Abandoned; 3.6 Reasons for the Shift; 3.6.1 Is the Ontological Standpoint Compatible with Intuitionism?; 3.6.2 Reasons for Rejecting the Knowability Principle; 3.6.3 Are the Proofs of the BHK-Interpretation Representations of Proof Acts?; 3.6.4 An Alternative Argument for the Epistemic Nature of Proof-Objects; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 4: Real and Ideal in Constructive Mathematics4.1 Explanations from Above and Explanations from Below; 4.2 The Dynamic Process in Logic and in Foundations; 4.3 Real and Ideal Notions in Constructive Topology; References; Chapter 5: In the Shadow of Incompleteness: Hilbert and Gentzen; 5.1 A Puzzle; 5.2 Results, Methods, and Problems; 5.3 Unprovability in General, First; 5.4 Unprovability of Consistency, Second; 5.5 Hilbert's Response; 5.6 The New Student; 5.7 An Impasse; 5.8 Toward a Solution; 5.9 New Perspectives; References; Chapter 6: Evolution and Logic
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 6.1 Hume's Analysis of Causality6.2 Evolutionistic Understanding of Causality; 6.3 Evolutionistic Understanding of Logic; 6.4 Foundations of Mathematics; 6.5 Martin-Löf Type Theory and the Synthetic A Priori; 6.6 Ontology; 6.7 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 7: The ``Middle Wittgenstein'' and Modern Mathematics; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Grammar and Geometry; 7.3 Grammar and the Axiomatic Method; 7.4 Grammar and the Theory of Relativity; 7.5 Mental Verbs and the Method of Ideal Elements; 7.6 Wittgenstein and Hertz; References
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 8: Primitive Recursive Arithmetic and Its Role in the Foundations of Arithmetic: Historical and Philosophical Reflections: In Honor of Per Martin-Löf on the Occasion of His Retirement
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400748699
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 127 p, digital)
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 91
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. Dekker, Paul Dynamic semantics
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Linguistik ; Pragmatik ; Semantik ; Semantik
    Kurzfassung: The integrated theory of dynamic interpretation set out here will be a surprise to advanced researchers in linguistics. It combines classical formal semantics and modern dynamic semantics without altering the fundamental paradigm. At the book's core lies a pragmatically motivated notion of a dynamic conjunction of meanings, an idea that is worked out in full formal detail. This is applied to linguistic phenomena that involve anaphora, quantification and modality. The author demonstrates that in each area of application existing data can be neatly combined with new dynamic insights, but more im
    Kurzfassung: The integrated theory of dynamic interpretation set out here will be a surprise to advanced researchers in linguistics. It combines classical formal semantics and modern dynamic semantics without altering the fundamental paradigm. At the books core lies a pragmatically motivated notion of a dynamic conjunction of meanings, an idea that is worked out in full formal detail. This is applied to linguistic phenomena that involve anaphora, quantification and modality. The author demonstrates that in each area of application existing data can be neatly combined with new dynamic insights, but more importantly, there is a genuine further pay-off: the work generates treatments of phenomena that were not initially intended, with functional readings of pronouns and quantifiers, Hob-Nob sentences, and insights into what we now call Pierces Puzzle. The outcome of a decade of work by the Amsterdam School of dynamic semantics, this volume condenses and reflects upon a vital body of research.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Dynamic Semantics; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; 2 Predicate Logic with Anaphora; 2.1 Static and Dynamic Semantics; 2.2 First Order Satisfaction in PLA; 2.3 Logical Properties of PLA; 2.4 On the Representation of Information; References; 3 Information Update and Support; 3.1 Coreference and Modality; 3.2 Update and Support; 3.3 Information Exchange; 3.4 On the Contextualist Debate; References; 4 Quantification and Modality; 4.1 Terms and Quantifiers; 4.2 Knowing Who and Believing What; 4.3 Alethic and Epistemic Modality; 4.4 On Situations and States; 4.4.1 E- and D-type Pronouns
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4.4.2 Information StatesReferences; Conclusion; Index;
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400711808
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. 2011 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective 2
    Paralleltitel: Print version Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation
    DDC: 501
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy
    Kurzfassung: This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science, 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences, 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences, 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences, 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. This volume is accordingly divided in five sections, each section containing papers coming from the meetings focussing on one of these five themes. However, these sections are not completely independent and detached from each other. For example, an important connecting thread running through a substantial number of papers in this volume is the concept of probability: probability plays a central role in present-day discussions in formal epistemology, in the philosophy of the physical sciences, and in general methodological debates---it is central in discussions concerning explanation, prediction and confirmation. The volume thus also attempts to represent the intellectual exchange between the various fields in the philosophy of science that was central in the ESF workshops.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: TABLE OF CONTENTS; PREFACE:EXPLANATION, PREDICTION, CONFIRMATION; Team A Formal Methods; THE NO MIRACLES INTUITION AND THE NO MIRACLES ARGUMENT; 1. THE NO MIRACLES INTUITION; 2. THE 'NO MIRACLES ARGUMENT'; THE SCOPE AND LIMITS OF THE NO MIRACLES ARGUMENT1; REFERENCES; CAUSATION, ASSOCIATION AND CONFIRMATION; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. COHERENCE AS PROBABILISITIC ASSOCIATION; 3. CONFIRMATION; 4. CETERUS PARIBUS; 5. FOCUSED CORRELATION; 6. CAUSAL STRUCTURE; 7. CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; AN OBJECTIVE BAYESIAN ACCOUNT OF CONFIRMATION; ABSTRACT; 1 CARNAPIAN CONFIRMATION
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2 THE BAYESIAN APPROACH TO CONFIRMATION3 LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE; 4 CARNAP'S RESOLUTION; 5 PROBLEMS WITH CARNAP'S RESOLUTION; 6 A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE; 7 THE BAYESIAN APPROACH REVISITED; 8 OBJECTIVE BAYESIAN EPISTEMOLOGY; 9 OBJECTIVE BAYESIAN CONFIRMATION THEORY; BIBILIOGRAPHY; AN EXPLICATION OF THE USE OF INFERENCE TO THE BEST EXPLANATION ; 1. PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF IBE; 2. HEURISTICS; 3. APPLYING THE LOGIC OF QUESTIONS: PRELIMINARIES; 4. TWO COMPARATIVE CRITERIA OF EXPLANATORY POWER; 5. APPLICATIONS TO SOME PERSISTENT QUESTIONS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A FORMAL LOGIC FOR THE ABDUCTION OF SINGULAR HYPOTHESES11 INTRODUCTION; 2 THE PROBLEM; 3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF ABDUCTIVE REASONING; 4 INFORMAL PRESENTATION OF THE LOGIC LArs; 5 THE LOGIC LArs; 6 CONCLUSION AND OPEN PROBLEMS; PROBABILITIES IN BRANCHING STRUCTURES; REAL AND OTHER POSSIBILITIES; PROBABILITIES IN BRANCHING TIME; EXTENDING THE ACCOUNT: BRANCHING SPACE-TIMES; CONCLUSIONS; BIBLIOGRAPHY; Team B Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences ; CAUSALITY AND EXPLANATION: ISSUES FROM EPIDEMIOLOGY; 1. EPIDEMIOLOGY PARADIGMS; 2. OVERCOMING THE BLACK BOX PARADIGM. THE SEARCH FOR MECHANISMS
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3. MECHANISTIC EXPLANATIONS OF LAYERED DISEASESINVARIANCE, MECHANISMS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY; REFERENCES; WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE PRAGMATIC-ONTIC ACCOUNT OF MECHANISTIC EXPLANATION?; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. WORRIES; 3. CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; CAUSALITY AND EVIDENCE DISCOVERY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXISTENCE AND CAUSALITY; NON-RANDOMISED EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; INFERENCES TO CAUSAL RELEVANCE FROM EXPERIMENTS; 1 THEORY AND EXPERIENCE; 2 CAUSAL ANALYSIS; 2.1 Causal models; 2.2 Theory of causal regularities; 2.3 Principles of causal reasoning; 2.3.1 Method of Difference; 2.3.2 Assumptions
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2.3.3 Inferring a causal factor2.3.4 More complex designs; 2.3.5 Other inference patterns; 2.4 Difference tests in practice: notebook entries; 3 METHODOLOGY OF CAUSAL MODELS; REFERENCES; COMPARING PART-WHOLE REDUCTIVE EXPLANATIONS IN BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS1; ABSTRACT; 1. BIOLOGY, PHYSICS, AND NAGEL'S REDUCTIONIST SHADOW; 2. TEMPORALITY IN PART-WHOLE REDUCTIVE EXPLANATIONS; 2.1 Part-Whole Reductive Explanations; 2.2 Temporality; 3. COMPOSITION, CAUSATION, AND THE DIFFERENCE TIME MAKES; 3.1 Composition and Causation; 3.2 Intrinsicality and Fundamentality
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4. EXAMPLES: PART-WHOLE REDUCTIVE EXPLANATIONS IN BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9781402099311
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: 1
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 343
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Aesthetics ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Goodman, Nelson 1906-1998 ; Nominalismus
    Kurzfassung: "Nelson Goodman's disparate writings are often written about only within their own particular discipline, such that the epistemology is discussed in contrast to others' epistemology, the aesthetics is contrasted with more traditional aesthetics, and the ontology and logic is viewed in contrast to both other contemporary philosophers and to Goodman's historical predecessors. This book argues that that is not an adequate way to view Goodman. The separate disciplines of ontology, epistemology, and aesthetics should be viewed as sequential steps within his thought, such that each provides the ground rules for the next section and, furthermore, providing the reasons for limitations on the terms available to the subsequent writing(s). This is true not merely because this is the general chronology of his writing, but more importantly because within his metaphysics lies Goodman's basic nominalist ontology and logic, and it is upon those principles that he builds his epistemology and, furthermore, it is the sum of both the metaphysics and the epistemology, with the nominalist principle as the guiding force, which constructs the aesthetics. At the end of each section of this book, the consequent limitations imposed on his terms and concepts available to him are explicated, such that, by the end of the book, the book delineates the constraints imposed upon the aesthetics by both the metaphysics and the epistemology."--P. [4] of cover
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-168) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 29
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402064975
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 72
    DDC: 400
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Konferenzschrift 2004 ; Subjekt ; Markiertheit ; Nominalphrase
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402065484
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 73
    DDC: 497.9555
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Indic philology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Hochschulschrift ; Nootka-Sprache ; Affigierung ; Morphosyntax
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the problem of linearization from a new perspective: that of the linearization of affixes. The author's driving proposition is that affixation provides a means of satisfying the universal requirement to linearize linguistic outputs. This proposition is tested using original data from Nuu-chah-nulth ('Nootka'; Wakashan family), an endangered Amerindian language that is remarkable for its complex morphology.
    Kurzfassung: "The linearization of syntactic constructs stands at the forefront of current research on the syntax-phonology interface. This book examines the problem of linearization from a new perspective: that of the linearization of affixes. The driving proposal of this book is that affixation provides a means of satisfying the universal requirement that linguistic outputs be linearized. This hypothesis is tested against extensive original data from Nuu-chah-nulth (""Nootka"", Wakashan family), an endangered Amerindian language remarkable for its complex morphology. This volume introduces typologically rare affixation effects to current theoretical debates surrounding the division of labour between the modules of the grammar."
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Introduction; PF Incorporation; Clausal Architecture of Nuu-chah-nulth; Nominal Complements of Affixal Predicates; Verbal Complements of Affixal Predicates; Implications; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402055874
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Science Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Geometry ; Topology ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Raum ; Mathematische Logik
    Kurzfassung: Johan Benthem
    Kurzfassung: A spatial logic is a formal language interpreted over any class of structures featuring geometrical entities and relations, broadly construed. In the past decade, spatial logics have attracted much attention in response to developments in such diverse fields as Artificial Intelligence, Database Theory, Physics, and Philosophy. The aim of this handbook is to create, for the first time, a systematic account of the field of spatial logic. The book comprises a general introduction, followed by fourteen chapters by invited authors. Each chapter provides a self-contained overview of its topic, descr
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: CONTENTS; Preface; Contributing Authors; Second Readers xxi; Chpater 1 What is Spatial Logic?; Chapter 2 First-Order Mereotopology; Chapter 3 Axioms, Algebras and Topology; Chpater 4 Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Using Constraint Calculi; Chapter 5 Modal Logics of Space; Chapter 6 Topology and Epistemic Logic; Chapter 7 Logical Theories for Fragments of Elementary Geometry; Chapter 8 Locales and Toposes as Spaces; Chapter 9 Spatial Logic + Temporal Logic = ?; Chapter 10 Dynamic Topological Logic; Chapter 11 Logic of Space-Time and Relativity Theory; Chapter 12 Discrete Spatial Models
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 13 Real Algebraic Geometry and Constriaint DatabasesChapter 14 Mathematical Morphology; Chapter 15 Spatial Resoning and Ontology: Parts, Wholes, and Locations; Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402050435
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 3
    DDC: 121
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Griechenland ; Argumentation ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Wissensbasis ; Geschichte 400 v. Chr.-300
    Kurzfassung: This book offers the first synoptic study of how the primary elements in knowledge structures were analysed in antiquity from Plato to late ancient commentaries. It argues that, in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition, the question of starting points was treated from two distinct points of view: as a question of how we acquire basic knowledge; and as a question of the premises we may immediately accept in the line of argumentation.
    Kurzfassung: If we know something, do we always know it through something else? Does this mean that the chain of knowledge should continue infinitely? Or, rather, should we abandon this approach and ask how we acquire knowledge? Irrespective of the fact that very basic questions concerning human knowledge have been formulated in various ways in different historical and philosophical contexts, philosophers have been surprisingly unanimous concerning the point that structures of knowledge should not be infinite. In order for there to be knowledge, there must be at least some primary elements which may be called 'starting points'. This book offers the first synoptic study of how the primary elements in knowledge structures were analysed in antiquity from Plato to late ancient commentaries, the main emphasis being on the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition. It argues that, in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition, the question of starting points was treated from two distinct points of view: from the first perspective, as a question of how we acquire basic knowledge, and from the second perspective, as a question of the premises we may immediately accept in the line of argumentation. It was assumed that we acquire some general truths rather naturally and that these function as starting points for inquiry. In the Hellenistic period, an alternative approach was endorsed: the very possibility of knowledge became a central issue when sceptics began demanding that true claims should always be distinguishable from false ones.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: CONTENTS; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations and a Note on the Texts; Introduction; The Topic, Scope, and Aim of this Book; The Structure of the Book; A Brief Survey of the Existing Literature; PART I: PLATONIC-ARISTOTELIAN TRADITION; 1. Theories of Argumentation; 1.1 Plato; 1.2 Aristotle; 1.3 Later Developments; 2. Intellectual Apprehension; 2.1 The Connection between the Two Contexts; 2.2 Perception; 2.3 From Perception to Intellection; PART II: ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES; 3. Hellenistic Philosophy; 3.1 Is there a Starting Point for Knowledge?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3.2 Is There a Transition from the Evident to the Non-Evident?3.3 What is Left for the Sceptic?; 3.4 What Does a Doctor Know? - Medical Empiricism as an Alternative Approach to Scientific Knowledge; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index of Names; Index Locorum; Index of Topics
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-312) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402058172
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 37
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Computer science ; Computational linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Gesprochene Sprache ; Automatische Spracherkennung ; Dialogsystem ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: In its nine chapters, this book provides an overview of the state-of-the-art and best practice in several sub-fields of evaluation of text and speech systems and components. The evaluation aspects covered include speech and speaker recognition, speech synthesis, animated talking agents, part-of-speech tagging, parsing, and natural language software like machine translation, information retrieval, question answering, spoken dialogue systems, data resources, and annotation schemes. With its broad coverage and original contributions this book is unique in the field of evaluation of speech and language technology. This book is of particular relevance to advanced undergraduate students, PhD students, academic and industrial researchers, and practitioners.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Speech and Speaker Recognition Evaluation; Evaluation of Speech Synthesis; Modelling and Evaluating Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Talking Animated Interface Agents; Evaluating Part-of-Speech Tagging and Parsing; General Principles of User-Oriented Evaluation; An Overview of Evaluation Methods in TREC Ad Hoc Information Retrieval and TREC Question Answering; Spoken Dialogue Systems Evaluation Niels Ole Bernsen, Laila Dybkjær and Wolfgang Minker; Linguistic Resources, Development, and Evaluation of Text and Speech Systems
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Towards International Standards for Language ResourcesBack Matter
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402057847
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 37
    DDC: 404.2083
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Applied linguistics ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Beispielsammlung ; Kind ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Sprachwechsel ; Deutsch ; Sprachwechsel ; Italienisch
    Kurzfassung: This volume demonstrates that mixed utterances in young bilinguals can be analyzed in the same way as adult code-switching. It provides new insights not only in the field of code-switching and of language mixing in young bilinguals, but also in issues concerning general questions on linguistic theory which are difficult to be answered with monolingual data.
    Kurzfassung: The goal of this volume is to prove that mixed utterances in young bilinguals can be analyzed in the same way as adult code-switching. Analyzing a rich corpus of spontaneous child data, the author provides detailed empirical evidence for latest minimalist assumptions on the architecture of mind and confirms that code-switching is only constrained by the two grammars of the languages involved. The data show that the quantity of mixing in children depends on an individual choice rather than on language development, language dominance, or other factors. Besides critically reviewing the literature on language mixing in children and adults, this work offers a thorough grammatical analysis of the code-switching data of five Italian/German children. The book provides new insights not only in the field of code-switching and of language mixing in young bilinguals, but also in issues concerning general questions on linguistic theory which are difficult to be answered with monolingual data.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Bilingualism and Bilingual First Language Acquisition; Early mixing; The theoretical framework; Code-switching; Data; The analysis of early mixing; The analysis of code-switching; Findings and conclusions; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402055812
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 252
    DDC: 121
    Schlagwort(e): Science Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Erklärung ; Philosophie
    Kurzfassung: The nature of scientific explanation has been an important topic in philosophy of science for many years. This book highlights some of the conceptual problems that still need to be solved and points out a number of fresh philosophical ideas to explore. Anyone interested in causal and probabilistic explanation, explanation-seeking questions and contrastive explanations, inference to the best explanation, or explanations within the special sciences should find something of interest in this book.
    Kurzfassung: The nature of scientific explanation has been an important topic in philosophy of science for many years. This book highlights some of the conceptual problems that still need to be solved and points out a number of fresh philosophical ideas to explore
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; EXPLANATIONS ARE ABOUT CONCEPTS AND CONCEPT FORMATION; WHAT TO ASK OF AN EXPLANATION-THEORY; THE IDEA OF CONTRASTIVE EXPLANANDUM; THE PRAGMATIC-RHETORICAL THEORY OF EXPLANATION; CAUSAL EXPLANATION PROVIDES KNOWLEDGE WHY; CAUSAL EXPLANATION AND MANIPULATION; ASSESSING THE EXPLANATORY POWER OF CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS; SOME NOTES ON UNIFICATIONISM AND PROBABILISTIC EXPLANATION; SELECTION AND EXPLANATION; IBE AND EBI; EXPLAINING WITH EQUILIBRIA68; EXPLANATION AND ENVIRONMENT; BIOLOGICAL NOTIONS OF INNATENESS AND EXPLANATION OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION; ASPECT KINDS; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402056529
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 336
    DDC: 121.68
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Pragmatism ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Peirce, Charles S. 1839-1914 ; Semiotik
    Kurzfassung: Diagrammatology investigates the role of diagrams for thought and knowledge. Based on the general doctrine of diagrams in Charles Peirce's mature work, Diagrammatology claims diagrams to constitute a centerpiece of epistemology. This book reflects Peirce's work on the issue in Husserl's contemporaneous doctrine of categorical intuition and charts the many unnoticed similarities between Peircean semiotics and early Husserlian phenomenology.
    Kurzfassung: "Diagrammatology investigates the role of diagrams for thought and knowledge. Based on the general doctrine of diagrams in Charles Peirce's mature work, Diagrammatology claims diagrams to constitute a centerpiece of epistemology. The book reflects Peirce's work on the issue in Husserl's contemporanous doctrine of ""categorial intuition"" and charts the many unnoticed similarities between Peircean semiotics and early Husserlian phenomenology. Diagrams, on a Peircean account, allow for observation and experimentation with ideal structures and objects and thus furnish the access to the synthetic a priori of the regional and formal ontology of the Husserlian tradition. The second part of the book focuses on three regional branches of semiotics: biosemiotics, picture analysis, and the theory of literature. Based on diagrammatology, these domains appear as accessible for a diagrammatological approach which leaves the traditional relativism and culturalism of semiotics behind and hence constitutes a realist semiotics."
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 0stjfm.pdf; 0stj01.pdf; 0stj02.pdf; 0stj03.pdf; 0stj04.pdf; 0stj05.pdf; 0stj06.pdf; 0stj07.pdf; 0stj08.pdf; 0stj09.pdf; 0stj10.pdf; 0stj11.pdf; 0stj12.pdf; 0stj13.pdf; 0stj14.pdf; 0stj15.pdf; 0stj16.pdf; 0stj17.pdf; 0stj18.pdf; 0stjpers.pdf; 0stjapp.pdf; 0stjnotes.pdf; 0stjbib.pdf; 0STJERNauthorindex.pdf; 0STJERsubjectindex.pdf
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 483-496) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781402058332
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 36
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Computational linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wilks, Yorick 1939-
    Kurzfassung: Yorick Wilks is a central figure in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. This book celebrates Wilks's career from the perspective of his peers in original chapters each of which analyses an aspect of his work and links it to current thinking in that area. This volume forms a two-part set together with Words and Intelligence I: Selected Works by Yorick Wilks, by the same editors.
    Kurzfassung: Yorick Wilks is a central figure in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. His influence has extends to many areas of these fields and includes contributions to Machine Translation, word sense disambiguation, dialogue modeling and Information Extraction. This book celebrates the work of Yorick Wilks from the perspective of his peers. It consists of original chapters each of which analyses an aspect of his work and links it to current thinking in that area. His work has spanned over four decades but is shown to be pertinent to recent developments in language proc
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Yorick Alexander Wilks: A Meaningful Journey; Metaphor, Semantic Preferences and Context-Sensitivity; Towards a New Generation of Language Resources in the Semantic Web Vision; Information Access and Natural Language Processing: A Stimulating Dialogue; Three Steps in Wilks Work: From Theory to Resources to Practice; Preference Syntagmatics; Historical Ontologies; An Amorphous Object Must be Cut by a Blunt Tool; Homer, the Author of The Iliad and the Computational-Linguistic Turn; Philosophical Engineering; Machine Translation and the World Wide Web
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Semantic Primitives: The Tip of the IcebergMolecules, Meaning and Post-Modernist Semantics
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9781402063541
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library 153
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Metaphysics ; Science Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftlicher Fortschritt
    Kurzfassung: Answers questions raised by the incommensurability thesis. This book provides a conception of science in which scientific progress is based on both rational and empirical considerations
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; The Deductive Model; The Basis Of The Logical Empiricist Conception Of Science; The Basis Of The Popperian Conception Of Science; The Logical Empiricist Conception Of Scientific Progress; The Popperian Conception Of Scientific Progress; Popper, Lakatos, And The Transcendence Of The Deductive Model; Kuhn, Feyerabend, And In Commensurability; The Gestalt Model; The Perspectivist Conception Of Science; Development Of The Perspectivist Conception In The Context Of The Kinetic Theory Of Gases; The Set-Theoretic Conception Of Science
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Application Of The Perspectivist Conception To The Views Of Newton, Kepler And GalileoBack Matter;
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402059353
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 404/.2019
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Applied linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages ; Consciousness ; Kognition ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Psycholinguistik
    Kurzfassung: This work has a uniquely cognitive-functional perspective on bi-lingualism. This means that it makes a clear distinction between real world and projected world. Information conveyed by language must be about the projected world. Both the experimental results and the systematic claims in this volume call for a weak form of whorfianism. The authors examine too some relatively unexplored issues of bilingualism, such as, among others, gender systems in the bilingual mind, synergic concepts, and ontological categorization.
    Kurzfassung: A unique feature of this book is that chapters favor that line of cognitive linguistics which makes a clear distinction between real world and projected world. Information conveyed by language must be about the projected world. Both the experimental results and the systematic claims in this volume call for a weak form of whorfianism. Also, chapters add some relatively unexplored issues of bilingualism to the well-known ones, such as gender systems in the bilingual mind, context and task, synergic concepts, blending, the relationship between lexical categorization and ontological categorization among others.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; The Neurofunctional Components of the Bilingual Cognitive System; Synergic Concepts in the Bilingual Mind; Matrix: Schematic Universals. How Many Minds Does a Bilingual Have?; Grammatical Gender in the Bilingual Lexicon: A Psycholinguistic Approach; Bilingualism and Cognitive Arithmetic; The Role of Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Experiences in Bilinguals' Divergent Thinking; Task and Context Effects in Bilingual Lexical Processing; Representation and Skill in Second Language Learners and Proficient Bilinguals
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Second Language Gender System Affects First Language Gender ClassificationBeyond Language: Childhood Bilingualism Enhances High-Level Cognitive Functions; Cross-Linguistic and Cognitive Structures in the Acquisition of WH-Questions in an Indonesian-Italian Bilingual Child
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9781402060465
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 38
    DDC: 492.70973
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Arabic languages ; Computational linguistics ; Semitic languages ; Arabisch ; Morphologie
    Kurzfassung: This is the first comprehensive overview of computational approaches to Arabic morphology. The subtitle aims to reflect that widely different computational approaches to the Arabic morphological system have been proposed. The book provides a showcase of the most advanced language technologies applied to one of the most vexing problems in linguistics. It covers knowledge-based and empirical-based approaches.
    Kurzfassung: The morphology of Arabic poses special challenges to computational natural language processing systems. The exceptional degree of ambiguity in the writing system, the rich morphology, and the highly complex word formation process of roots and patterns all contribute to making computational approaches to Arabic very challenging. Indeed many computational linguists across the world have taken up this challenge over time, and many of the researchers with a track record in this research area have contributed to this book. The book's subtitle aims to reflect that widely different computational approaches to the Arabic morphological system have been proposed. These accounts fall into two main paradigms: the knowledge-based and the empirical. Since morphological knowledge plays an essential role in any higher-level understanding and processing of Arabic text, the book also features a part on the role of Arabic morphology in larger applications, i.e. Information Retrieval (IR) and Machine Translation (MT).
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Arabic Computational Morphology: Knowledge-based and Empirical Methods; On Arabic Transliteration; Issues in Arabic Morphological Analysis; A Syllable-based Account of Arabic Morphology; Inheritance-based Approach to Arabic Verbal Root-and-Pattern Morphology; Arabic Computational Morphology: A Trade-off Between Multiple Operations and Multiple Stems; Grammar-Lexis Relations in the Computational Morphology of Arabic; Learning to Identify Semitic Roots; Automatic Processing of Modern Standard Arabic Text; Supervised and Unsupervised Learning of Arabic Morphology
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Memory-based Morphological Analysis and Part-of-speech Tagging of ArabicLight Stemming for Arabic Information Retrieval; Adapting Morphology for Arabic Information Retrieval*; Arabic Morphological Representations for Machine Translation; Arabic Morphological Generation and its Impact on the Quality of Machine Translation to Arabic; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402066788
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 134 S.) , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 370
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Genetic epistemology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Education Philosophy ; Pädagogik ; Empirische Forschung ; Neoliberalismus ; Szientismus
    Kurzfassung: "This volume offers a critical examination of the growing pressure to apply scientific principles as a means to improve education. The authors trace the ideology of scientism to the early faith Auguste Comte placed in science and the scientific method as a panacea to all human problem solving. By revealing many of the epistemological problems confronted by the social sciences, including education, the authors undermine the prevailing view that a science of education is possible or desirable. Besides revealing the epistemological problems associated with education research, they suggest that the instrumentalism and micro level responsibility related to scientism in education constitute a manipulative ideological smokescreen to distract public attention away from the structural inequities that generate disparate academic outcomes among students in industrialized democracies. The book deals a severe blow to the belief that science is a suitable lens through which to view or strengthen educational practice. ""One begins this book with the skeptical belief that it can t be right. The task of reading, then, is to locate where Hyslop-Margison goes wrong to reach his radical and disturbing conclusions. At the very least, even the most skeptical will have to recognize that the unsayable that current educational research has proven largely fruitless for discernable reasons is certainly plausible. He brilliantly brings an issue that has been considered too eccentric to contemplate into the heart of current educational discourse. Everyone concerned with educational research researchers and those policy-makers, administrators, and other educational workers who draw on the products of educational research should read this important book carefully."" Kieran Egan, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University"
    Kurzfassung: "This volume offers a critical examination of the growing pressure to apply scientific principles as a means to improve education. The authors trace the ideology of scientism to the early faith Auguste Comte placed in science and the scientific method as a panacea to all human problem solving. By revealing many of the epistemological problems confronted by the social sciences, including education, the authors undermine the prevailing view that a science of education is possible or desirable. Besides revealing the epistemological problems associated with education research, they suggest that the instrumentalism and micro level responsibility related to scientism in education constitute a manipulative ideological smokescreen to distract public attention away from the structural inequities that generate disparate academic outcomes among students in industrialized democracies. The book deals a severe blow to the belief that science is a suitable lens through which to view or strengthen educational practice. ""One begins this book with the skeptical belief that it can t be right. The task of reading, then, is to locate where Hyslop-Margison goes wrong to reach his radical and disturbing conclusions. At the very least, even the most skeptical will have to recognize that the unsayable that current educational research has proven largely fruitless for discernable reasons is certainly plausible. He brilliantly brings an issue that has been considered too eccentric to contemplate into the heart of current educational discourse. Everyone concerned with educational research researchers and those policy-makers, administrators, and other educational workers who draw on the products of educational research should read this important book carefully."" Kieran Egan, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University"
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Introduction; Education Research; Epistemological Problems in Social Science Research; Empirical Research in Education; Education Research as Analytic Truths; Empirical Research as Neo-liberal Ideology; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-130) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402059582
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 83
    DDC: 401/.43/0285
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Computational linguistics ; Semantics
    Kurzfassung: This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402063244
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: 2nd Edition
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 14
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Linguistics Science_xLogic design ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic design ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Logik
    Kurzfassung: The fourteenth volume of the Second Edition covers central topics in philosophical logic that have been studied for thousands of years, since Aristotle: Inconsistency, Causality, Conditionals, and Quantifiers. These topics are central in many applications of logic in central disciplines such as computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and philosophy. This book is indispensable to any advanced student or researcher using logic in these areas. The chapters are comprehensive and written by major figures in the field
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Logics of Formal Inconsistency; Causality; On Conditionals; Quantifiers in Formal and Natural Languages; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402061271
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 9
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic epistemology ; Science Algorithms ; Computer science ; Algorithms ; Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Algorithmische Lerntheorie
    Kurzfassung: This is the first book to collect essays from philosophers, mathematicians and computer scientists working at the exciting interface of algorithmic learning theory and the epistemology of science and inductive inference. Readable, introductory essays provide engaging surveys of different, complementary, and mutually inspiring approaches to the topic, both from a philosophical and a mathematical viewpoint.
    Kurzfassung: This is the first book to collect essays from philosophers, mathematicians and computer scientists working at the exciting interface of algorithmic learning theory and the epistemology of science and inductive inference. Readable, introductory essays provide engaging surveys of different, complementary, and mutually inspiring approaches to the topic, both from a philosophical and a mathematical viewpoint. Building upon this base, subsequent papers present novel extensions of algorithmic learning theory as well as bold, new applications to traditional issues in epistemology and the philosophy of science. The volume is vital reading for students and researchers seeking a fresh, truth-directed approach to the philosophy of science and induction, epistemology, logic, and statistics.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Introduction to the Philosophy and Mathematics of Algorithmic Learning Theory; Inductive Inference Systems for Learning Classes of Algorithmically Generated Sets and Structures; Deduction, Induction, and beyond in Parametric Logic; How Simplicity Helps You Find the Truth without Pointing at it; Induction over the Continuum; Logically Reliable Inductive Inference; Some Philosophical Concerns about the Confidence in 'Confident Learning'; How to Do Things with an Infinite Regress; Trade-Offs; Two Ways of Thinking about Induction; Between History and Logic; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 45
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402059612
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Synthese Library 338
    DDC: 121
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Education Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Philosophy of mind ; Deontologie ; Glaube ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Meinung ; Handlung ; Verantwortung
    Kurzfassung: Believing the wrong thing can have drastic consequences. The question of when a person is not only ill-guided, but genuinely at fault for holding a particular belief goes to the root of our understanding of such notions as criminal negligence and moral responsibility. This book explores the conditions under which someone may be deemed blameworthy for holding a particular belief, drawing on contemporary epistemology, ethics and legal scholarship.
    Kurzfassung: Believing the wrong thing may sometimes have drastic consequences. The question as to when a person is not only ill-guided, but genuinely at fault for holding a particular belief is an important one: It touches upon the roots of our understanding of such notions as criminal negligence and moral responsibility. The answer to this question may influence the extent to which we are willing to submit each other to punishments ranging from mild resentment to harsh prison terms. This book presents an extensive effort to shed light on the conditions under which we may appropriately deem someone blameworthy for holding a particular belief. It regiments and unifies several debates within contemporary epistemology, ethics and legal scholarship. Finally, the book brings a new philosophical look on issues like our power to control beliefs and the extent and nature of foresight.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Introduction; Belief and Acceptance; Approaching a Conception of Epistemic Blameworthiness; Blameworthy Belief as Inexcusably Undesirable Belief; Epistemic Undesirability; Bruce Russell's Basic Analysis of the Notion of Epistemic Blameworthiness; Doxastic Control; Direct Content-Directed Doxastic Control or Doxastic Voluntarism; Direct Property-Directed Doxastic Control or Property Voluntarism; Indirect Content-Directed Doxastic Control or Doxastic Pascalianism; Indirect Property-Directed Doxastic Control or Property Pascalianism; Intellectual Obligations
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Foresight and Blameworthy Inadvertence to RiskEpistemic Blameworthiness Analysed; Epistemic Autonomy; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 46
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Heidelberg] : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402061769
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 71
    DDC: 415
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Greek philology ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Kontrolle ; Raising ; Generative Syntax ; GB-Theorie ; Minimalist program
    Kurzfassung: Raising and control have figured in every comprehensive model of syntax for forty years. Recent renewed attention to them makes this collection a timely one. The contributions, representing some of the most exciting recent work, address many fundamental research questions. What beside the canonical constructions might be subject to raising or control analyses? What constructions traditionally treated as raising or control might not actually be so? What classes of control must be recognized? How do tense, agreement, or clausal completeness figure in their distribution? The chapters address these and other relevant issues, and bring new empirical data into focus.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Looking Out Over the Horizon; Raising in DP Revisited; The Late Development of Raising: What Children Seem to Think about Seem; Raising of Major Arguments in Korean (and Japanese); Not Really ECM, not Exactly Control: The 'Quasi-ECM' Construction in Greek; Control in Modern Greek: It's Another Good Move; Finiteness and Control in Greek; Moving Forward with Romanian Backward Control and Raising; Agreement and Flotation in Partial and Inverse Partial Control Configurations; Null Subjects in Brazilian Portuguese and Finnish: They are not Derived by Movement
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: On (Non-)Obligatory ControlControl and Wh-infinitivals; Control via Selection; Movement-Resistant Aspects of Control; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 47
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402043086
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 66
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; San Lucas Quiavini ; Zapotekisch ; Syntax
    Kurzfassung: San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec, an endangered and little-examined indigenous language of Mexico, shows a range of syntactic and morphological phenomena incompatible with standard Minimalist accounts of verb movement. This work proposes a VP-remnant raising account for these phenomena, motivated by Kayne's (1992) antisymmetry program. The book also examines the consequences of phrasal remnant movement for negation constructions, and the interpretation of tense, aspect, and mood.
    Kurzfassung: San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec, an endangered and little-examined indigenous language of Mexico, shows a range of syntactic and morphological phenomena incompatible with standard Minimalist accounts of verb movement: verbs and clearly phrasal constituents behave identically in a number of syntactic constructions, and the ordering of verbal morphemes is problematic for standard assumptions of verbal head movement. This work proposes a VP-remnant raising account for these phenomena, motivated by Kayne’s (1992) Antisymmetry program. This work also examines consequences of phrasal remnant movement for negation constructions, question formation, and the interpretation of tense, aspect, and mood.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An Introduction to San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec; Background and Theoretical Assumptions; The Syntax of Verb Raising in SLQZ: Arguments for VP Raising; Further Consequences of VP-Remnant Movement: Some Common Negation Structures in SLQZ; More on the Structure of the Left Periphery: The Syntax of Questions; The Interaction of Tense and Aspect in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec;
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402033407
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 243
    DDC: 169
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophie ; Analogie ; Indische Philosophie ; Indische Philosophie ; Analogielehre
    Kurzfassung: This book is unusual in many respects. It was written by a prolific author whose tragic untimely death did not allow to finish this and many other of his undertakings. It was assembled from numerous excerpts, notes, and fragments according to his initial plans. Zilberman's legacy still awaits its true discovery and this book is a second installment to it after The Birth of Meaning in Hindu Thought (Kluwer, 1988). Zilberman's treatment of analogy is unique in its approach, scope, and universality for Western philosophical thought. Constantly compared to eastern and especially classical Indian interpretations, analogy is presented by Zilberman as an important and in many ways primary method of philosophizing or philosophy-building. Due to its universality, this method can be also applied in linguistics, logic, social analysis, as well as historical and anthropological research. These applications are integral part of Zilberman's book. A prophetic leap to largely uncharted territories, this book could be of considerable interest for experts and novices in the field of analogy alike.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introductory Essay; On the Composition of This Book; Analogy in Western Philosophy and Indian Approaches to Analogy: Introduction; Analogy in Navya-Nyaya; History of Indian Logic; The Indian Type of Cultural Tradition; Revelation of the Mechanism of Tradition in a form of Grammatical Paradigms of Indian Logic; The Teaching of \mathop S` S`a [(n)\dot]n.kara on Intuition and the Organization of Philosophical Texts in Order to Perceive the Transcendental
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Mima \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{Missing close brace\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}}}{m} Extra close brace"" /〉sa/On Certainty of Perception in Mima \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{Missing close bracAdvaita-Vedanta: 'Sariraka-Bha \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{Missing close brace\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}}}{S} Extra close brace"" /〉ya'; Upadesa-Sahasri (Note 1); Writing and Tradition; Tradition of the Idea of Man; The Hellenic Type of cultural Tradition; The Western Type of Cultural Tradition
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 49
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402039072
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
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    Serie: Synthese Library 330
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    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Pragmatism ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Artificial intelligence ; Erklärung ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Abduktiver Schluss ; Abduktion
    Kurzfassung: Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preliminaries; Contents; Foreword; 1 LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION; 2 WHAT IS ABDUCTION; 3 ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE; 4 ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION; 5 SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION; 6 EMPIRICAL PROGRESS; 7 PRAGMATISM; 8 EPISTEMIC CHANGE; References; Author Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 50
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402044885
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in natural language and linguistic theory v. 67
    DDC: 400
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Comparative Linguistics ; Phonology ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Greek philology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Balkansprachen ; Morphosyntax ; Balkansprachen ; Sprachbund ; Morphosyntax
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9781402046902
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
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    Serie: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 36
    DDC: 489.35
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Neugriechisch ; Fremdsprachenlernen ; Satzerzeugung ; Weiterführender Nebensatz
    Kurzfassung: This book argues in favour of cross-linguistic variation in sentence processing by providing empirical data from ambiguity resolution in Greek as L1 and L2. It is maintained that in highly inflected languages, like Greek, initial parsing decisions are determined by the interaction of morphological and lexical cues rather than by universal parsing principles.
    Kurzfassung: This book argues in favour of cross-linguistic variation in sentence processing by providing empirical data from ambiguity resolution in Greek as L1 and L2. It is maintained that in highly inflected languages, like Greek, initial parsing decisions are determined by the interaction of morphological and lexical cues rather than by universal parsing principles. During the initial parse, discourse-level information is constrained by lexical considerations, which indicates that the human sentence processor is a multi-stage mechanism. The L2 data show that parsing preferences are not totally determined by frequency records and that L2 sentence processing is mainly guided by lexical information and less so by other sources of information.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Sentence Processing Models; Aspects of the Grammar of Greek; RC Attachment Preferences in Isolated Sentences; Context Effects in RC Attachment Preferences; Ambiguity Resolution Strategies in a Second Language; Conclusion
    Anmerkung: Based on a Ph.D. thesis--University of Essex, 2002 , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781402047961
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics & Philosophy S., v. 82
    DDC: 100
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Applied Linguistics ; Phonology ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Bedeutung ; Intonation ; Thema-Rhema-Gliederung
    Kurzfassung: Contains a collection of papers exploring the cross-linguistic expression of topic and focus. This book presents a collection of a diverse set of perspectives from some of the leading scholars in the areas of semantics and intonation. It examines both semantic and intonational features of topic and focus from a broad typological perspective
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: CONTENTS; Preface; Gorka Elordieta; Constraints on Intonational Prominence of Focalized Constituents; Ardis Eschenberg; Polish Narrow Focus Constructions; David Gil; Intonation and Thematic Roles In Riau Indonesian; Matthew Gordon; The Intonational Realization of Contrastive Focus in Chickasaw; Carlos Gussenhoven; Types of Focus in English; Nancy Hedberg and Juan M. Sosa; The Prosody of Topic and Focus in Spontaneous English Dialogue; Emiel Krahmer and Marc Swerts; Perceiving Focus; Manfred Krifka; The Semantics of Questions and the Focusation of Answers; Chungmin Lee
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Contrastive (Predicate) Topic, Intonation and Scalar MeaningsKimiko Nakanishi; Prosody and Scope Interpretations of the Topic Marker WA in Japanese; Ho-Hsien Pan; Focus and Taiwanese Unchecked Tones; Elisabeth Selkirk; Bengali Intonation Revisited: An Optimally Theoretic Analysis in which FOCUS Stress Prominence Drives FOCUS Phrasing; Mark Steedman; Information-Structural Semantics for English Intonation; Klaus Von Heusinger; Discourse Structure and Intonational Phrasing;
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9781402033957
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Theory and Decision Library A 39
    DDC: 121.3
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Rationalität ; Sprachphilosophie ; Kulturtheorie ; Evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Kurzfassung: For the first time in history, scholars working on language and culture from within an evolutionary epistemological framework, and thereby emphasizing complementary or deviating theories of the Modern Synthesis, were brought together. Of course there have been excellent conferences on Evolutionary Epistemology in the past, as well as numerous conferences on the topics of Language and Culture. However, until now these disciplines had not been brought together into one all-encompassing conference. Moreover, previously there never had been such stress on alternative and complementary theories of the Modern Synthesis. Today we know that natural selection and evolution are far from synonymous and that they do not explain isomorphic phenomena in the world. 'Taking Darwin seriously' is the way to go, but today the time has come to take alternative and complementary theories that developed after the Modern Synthesis, equally seriously, and, furthermore, to examine how language and culture can merit from these diverse disciplines. As this volume will make clear, a specific inter- and transdisciplinary approach is one of the next crucial steps that needs to be taken, if we ever want to unravel the secrets of phenomena such as language and culture.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction to evolutionary epistemology, language and culture; Evolutionary epistemology: The non-adaptationist approach; Like cats and dogs: Radical constructivism and evolutionary epistemology; The biological boundary conditions for our classical physical world view; Is the real world something more than the world of our experience? Relations between Neo-Darwinism, transcendental philosophy and cognitive sciences; Universal Darwinism and process essentialism; Darwinism, traditional linguistics and the new Palaeolithic Continuity Theory of language evolution
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The extended mind model of the origin of language and cultureFrom changes in the world to changes in the words; Evolutionary epistemology and the origin and evolution of language: Taking symbiogenesis seriously; The self-organization of dynamic systems: Modularity under scrutiny; Against human nature; Cognition, evolution, and sociality; Cultural evolution, the Baldwin effect, and social norms; Cultural creativity and evolutionary flexibility; Some ideas to study the evolution of mathematics; Computer modelling as a tool for understanding language evolution
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Simulating the syntax and semantics of linguistic constructions about timeEvolutionary game-theoretic semantics and its foundational status; Towards a quantum evolutionary scheme: Violating Bell's inequalities in language
    Anmerkung: Conference held at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402041273
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Methodos Series 3
    DDC: 300.72
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic epistemology ; Regional planning ; Statistics ; Social sciences ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hierarchie ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Naturwissenschaften
    Kurzfassung: Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preliminaries; Table of contents; Introduction; Hierarchy: A Short History of a Word in Western Thought; Hierarchical Organization of biological and ecological systems; Size, Scale and the Boat Race; Hierarchy, Complexity, Society; Hierarchy in Lexical Organisation of Natural Languages; Hierarchy in Cities and City Systems; Alternative Explanations of Hierarchical Differentiation in Urban Systems; Conclusion; Author Index; Subject Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [201]-206) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402040689
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 31
    DDC: 415.9
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Computer science ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wortlänge ; Wortlänge
    Kurzfassung: Required reading for computational linguists, this work contains a series of important contributions to the science of language, focusing on the study of word length. The book includes an introduction to the history and state of the art of word length studies. The studies included unify contributions from three crucial fields of study in linguistics: linguistics and text analysis, mathematics and statistics, and corpus and database design. Together they provide a comprehensive approach to the quantitative study of text and language.
    Kurzfassung: This volume contains a collection of contributions to the science of language, focusing on the study of word length in particular. Within a synergetic framework, the word turns out to be a central linguistic unit, as is clearly outlined in the Editor's preface. The book's first chapter is an extensive introduction to the history and state of the art of word length studies. The studies included unify contributions from three important linguistic fields, namely, linguistics and text analysis, mathematics and statistics, and corpus and data base design, which together give a comprehensive approach to the quantitative study of text and language and word length studies. The broad spectrum of word length studies covered within this volume will be of interest to experts working in the fields of general linguistics, text scholarship and related fields, and, understanding language as one example of complex semiotic systems, the volume should be of interest for scholars from other fields as well.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Introductory Remarks: on the Science of Language in Light of the Language of Science; History and Methodology of Word Length Studies; Information Content of Words in Texts; Zero-Syllable Words in Determining Word Length; Within-Sentence Distribution and Retention of Content Words and Function Words; On Text Corpora, Word Lengths, and Word Frequencies in Slovenian; Text Corpus as an Abstract Data Structure; About Word Length Distribution; The Fall of the Jers in the Light of Menzerath's Law; Towards the Foundations of Menzerath's Law; Aspects of the Typology of Slavic Languages
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Multivariate Statistical Methods in Quantitative Text AnalysesWord Length and Word Frequency; Developing the Croatian National Corpus and Beyond; About Word Length Counting in Serbian; Word-Length Distribution in Present-Day Lower Sorbian Newspaper Texts; Towards a Unified Derivation of Some Linguistic Laws; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: International conference proceedings , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781402047473
    Sprache: Englisch , Latein
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (vi, 324 Seiten)
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Amsterdam studies in Jewish thought v. 11
    Serie: Amsterdam studies in Jewish thought
    DDC: 212.6
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    Schlagwort(e): Metaphysics ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Thomas von Aquin, Heiliger 1225-1274 ; Maimonides, Moses 1135-1204 ; Gotteserkenntnis
    Kurzfassung: This in-depth study of Thomas Aquinas' Quaestio de Attributis binds together the findings of previous research on the unique history of this text by reconstructing the historical circumstances surrounding its composition, shows that the Quaestio contains Aquinas' final answer to the dispute on the divine attributes, and thoroughly examines his interpretation of Maimonides' position on the issue of the knowledge of God by analysing this and other texts related to it chronologically and doctrinally.
    Kurzfassung: Presents a study of Thomas Aquinas' "Quaestio de attributis", which binds together the findings of research on the history of this text by reconstructing the historical circumstances surrounding its composition. This book also shows that the "Quaestio" contains Aquinas' final answer to the dispute on the divine attributes
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Dispute on the Divine Attributes; Aquinas and Maimonides on the Divine Names; The Quaestio de Attributis and Zechariah 14, 9; The Quaestio de Attributis and the Limits of Natural Knowledge; The Knowledge of the Existence of God
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [307]-317) and indexes , Revision of the author's thesis (Ph.D.)--Hebrew University, 2001 , Text in English and Latin , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402043444
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: STUDIES IN THEORETICAL PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 34
    DDC: 435
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    Schlagwort(e): Germanic Languages ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Deutsch ; Kasus ; Satzerzeugung
    Kurzfassung: The German language, due to its verb-final nature, relatively free order of constituents and morphological Case system, poses challenges for models of human syntactic processing which have mainly been developed on the basis of head-initial languages with little or no morphological Case. The verb-final order means that the parser has to make predictions about the input before receiving the verb. What are these predictions? What happens when the predictions turn out to be wrong? Furthermore, the German morphological Case system contains ambiguities. How are these ambiguities resolved under the normal time pressure in comprehension? Based on theoretical as well as experimental work, the present monograph develops a detailed account of the processing steps that underly language comprehension. At its core is a model of linking noun phrases to arguments of the verb in the developing phrase structure and checking the result with respect to features such as person, number and Case. This volume contains detailed introductions to human syntactic processing as well as to German syntax which will be helpful especially for readers less familiar with psycholinguistics and with Germanic.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION; INTRODUCING THE HUMAN SENTENCE PROCESSING MECHANISM; WORD ORDER AND CASE IN GERMAN; FIRST-PASS PREFERENCES IN SYNTACTIC-FUNCTION AMBIGUITIES; THE MENTAL REPRESENTATION OF CASE; A MODEL OF LINKING AND CHECKING; CASE CHECKING AND THE HSPM I: ON LEXICAL REACCESS; CASE CHECKING AND THE HSPM II: THE ROLE OF WORKING MEMORY; IN DEFENSE OF SERIAL PARSING; SUMMARY:LINKING,CHECKING,ANDBEYOND
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402044854
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in theoretical psycholinguistics v. 35
    DDC: 401.43
    RVK:
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    Schlagwort(e): Comparative Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Semantik ; Spracherwerb
    Kurzfassung: Contains a collection of writings that focuses on semantic phenomena and their interpretation in the analysis of the language of a learner. This volume addresses a variety of phenomena such as: temporal aspect and tense, specificity, quantification, scope, finiteness, focus structure, and focus particles
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 'Mismatches' of Form and Interpretation; Watching Noun Phrases Emerge: Seeking Compositionality; Cross-Linguistic Acquisition of Complement Tense; Everybody Knows; The Effect of Context on Children'S Interpretations of Universally Quantified Sentences; Structure and Meaning in the Acquisition of Scope; Time for Children: An Integrated Stage Model of Aspect and Tense; State Change and Temporal Reference in Inuktitut Child Language; Temporal Adverbials and Early Tense and Aspect Markers in the Acquisition of Dutch; On Finiteness; Functions of Finiteness in Child Language
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Additive Particles and Scope Marking in Child German(Un)Stressed ook in Child Dutch
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402041198
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Serie: Studies in German Idealism 6
    DDC: 193
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy ; Philosophy of Mind ; Pragmatism ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Hochschulschrift ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Körper ; Praxis
    Kurzfassung: Kant is generally conceived to have offered little attention to the fact that we experience the world in and through our bodies. This book argues that this standard image of the great German philosopher is radically wrong. Not only does Kant - throughout his career and in works published before and after the Critique of pure reason - reflect constantly upon the fact that human life is embodied, but the Critique of pure reason itself may be read as a critical reflection aimed at exploring some significant philosophical implications of this fact. Bringing this aspect of Kant's philosophy into focus is important, not only because it sheds new light on our understanding of Kant's work, but also because it is relevant to contemporary discussions in philosophy about embodiment, learning and practice. By taking his philosophy of embodiment into account, the author makes Kant stand out as a true contemporary in new and unexpected ways.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION; THE EMBODIED MIND; BODY AND SPACE; RATIONALITY AND EMBODIED PRACTICE; THE BODY IN THE CRITIQUE; SPATIAL EXPERIENCE AND THE BODY IN THE CRITIQUE; SPATIAL SCHEMATISM; KANT'S TRANSCENDENTAL EPISTEMOLOGY; QUANTITY; THE RELATIONAL CATEGORIES;
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402042072
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in history and philosophy of science v. 20
    DDC: 121
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Musgrave, Alan 1940- ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Musgrave, Alan 1940- ; Philosophie
    Kurzfassung: Alan Musgrave has consistently defended two positions that he regards as commonsensical: critical realism and critical rationalism. In this volume a group of internationally-renowned authors discuss themes that are relevant in one way or another to Musgrave's work. Rather than a standard celebratory festschrift, this book offers a new examination of topics of current interest in philosophy. The contributory essays are followed by responses from Alan Musgrave himself.
    Kurzfassung: Alan Musgrave has consistently defended two positions that he regards as commonsensical - critical realism and critical rationalism. In defence of critcal realism he argues for the objective existence of the external world as opposed to idealism, as well as arguing for scientific realism against all anti-realist accounts of science. His critical rationalism is drawn from the work of Karl Popper and stands opposed to inductivist and irrationalist methodologies. In defence of these positions, Musgrave's writings have covered a wide range of topics in epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, history of science, theories of truth, and economic theory. In this volume a group of internationally-renowned authors discuss themes that are relevant in one way or another to Musgrave's work. This is not intended as a standard celebratory festschrift but rather as a new examination of topics of current interest in philosophy. The contributory essays are followed by responses from Alan Musgrave himself.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Where Does the Burden of Theory Lie?; Testimony, Induction and Reasonable Belief; Theory-Confirmation and History; Critical Rationalism and its Failure to Withstand Critical Scrutiny; Methodological Rules, Rationality, and Truth; Why is it Rational to Believe Scientific Theories are True?; Thinking About the Ultimate Argument for Realism; The Unseen World; Why Alan Musgrave Should Become an Essentialist; The Metaphysics of Realism and Structural Realism; Scientific Realism and Mathematical Nominalism: A Marriage Made in Hell
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A Methodological Critique of the Semantic Conception of TheoriesA Refutation of Peircean Idealism; Historiography as a Hypothetico-Deductive Science: A Criticism of Methodological Historism; Ptolemy's Musical Models for Mind-Maps and Star-Maps; Responses
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 61
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402046216
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 12
    DDC: 170
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    Schlagwort(e): Ethics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Political science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Metaphysik ; Kultur ; Ethik
    Kurzfassung: The Latin root of the English word culture ties together both worship and the tilling of the soil. In both interpretations the outcome is the same: a rightly-directed culture produces either a bountiful harvest or falls short of the mark, materially or spiritually. This volume offers a critical examination of the nature and depth of our contemporary cultural crisis, focused on its lack of traditional orientation and moral understanding.
    Kurzfassung: The Latin root of the English word culture ties together both worship and the tilling of the soil. In each case, the focus is the same: a rightly-directed culture produces either a bountiful harvest or falls short of the mark, materially or spiritually. This volume critically explores the nature and depth of our contemporary cultural crisis: its lack of traditional orientation and moral understanding. Prime among the issues at stake are the meaning and significance of birth, copulation, suffering, and death, expressed in debates regarding human embryo-experimentation and stem cell research, the character of moral and scientific norms, as well as more fundamentally, the character of an adequate epistemology for coming to appreciate the deep nature of reality and its normative implications. Given varying background ontological, epistemological, and axiological presuppositions, different moral positions and political objections will appear as not merely morally permissible but as socially and politically obligatory. The volume is addressed to philosophers, theologians, bioethicists and public policy professionals as it critically assesses the increasing void between the traditional Christian metaphysical and moral understandings that guided the flourishing of Christian culture and today's very secular, and frequently empty, cultural backdrop.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A ccepting God's Offer of Personal Communion in the Words and Deeds of Christ, Handed on in the Body of Christ, His Church; Whose Nature? Natural Law in a Pluralistic World; Intellectual Virtues and the Prospects of A Christian Epistemology; God Manifested in God's Works: The Knowledge of God in the Reformed Tradition; Holy Knowing: A Wesleyan Epistemology; Subversive Natural Law: MacIntyre and African-American Thought; Is there a Distinctive American Version of Natural Law?; Why did the Principle of Double Effect Appear in the West?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: How much Guidance can a Secular Natural Law Ethic Offer? A Study of Basic Human Goods in Ethical Decision-MakingOn Women's Health Care: In Search of Nature and Norms; Toward an Inclusive Epistemology; Using Natural Law to Guide Public Morality: The Blind Leading the Deaf; Ethical Life and the Natural Law: Hegel and the Limits of Morality
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402039171
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Synthese library v. 331
    DDC: 570.1
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Life sciences ; Philosophy ; Models, Biological ; Computational Biology trends ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Biologie ; Naturphilosophie ; Selbstorganisation ; Selbstorganisation ; Biowissenschaften ; Emergenz
    Kurzfassung: Self-organization constitutes one of the most important theoretical debates in contemporary life sciences. The present book explores the relevance of the concept of self-organization and its impact on such scientific fields as: immunology, neurosciences, ecology and theories of evolution. Historical aspects of the issue are also broached. Intuitions relative to self-organization can be found in the works of such key western philosophical figures as Aristotle, Leibniz and Kant. Interacting with more recent authors and cybernetics, self-organization represents a notion in keeping with the modern world's discovery of radical complexity. The themes of teleology and emergence are analyzed by philosophers of sciences with regards to the issues of modelization and scientific explanation. The implications of self-organization for life sciences are here approached from an interdisciplinary angle, revealing the notion as already rewarding and full of promise for the future.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Complex Adaptative Systems Approach to Biology; Emergence and Reductionism: from the Game of Life to Science of Life; Formalizing Emergence: the Natural After-Life of Artificial Life; Analysis and Synthesis of Regulator Networks in Terms of Feedback Circuits; Properties Emerging from Sensorimotor Interfaces: Interaction Between Experimentation and Modeling in Neurosciences; Neuronal Synchrony and Cognitive Functions; About Biology and Subjectivity in Psychiatry; Self-Organization and Meaning in Immunology; Kant and the Intuitions of Self-Organization
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: On a ""Mathematical Neo-Aristotelism"" in Leibniz""Essential Force"" and ""Formative Force"": Models for Epigenesis in the 18th Century; From Logic to Self-Organization-Learning about Complexity; The Concept of Emergence in the XIXth Century: from Natural Theology to Biology; Artificial Life and the Sciences of Complexity: History and Future; Self-Organization in Second-Order Cybernetics: Deconstruction or Reconstruction of Complexity; Teleology in Self-Organizing Systems; Phenomenology and Self-Organization; A Role for Mathematical Models in Formalizing Self-Organizing systems
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Explanation and Causality in Self-Organizing SystemsSelf-Organization, Selection and Emergence in the Theories of Evolution
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402021404
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Serie: Science & Technology Education Library 24
    DDC: 507
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Science Study and teaching ; Physics ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Unterricht
    Kurzfassung: This book is the culmination of over twenty years of work toward a pedagogical theory that promotes experiential learning of model-laden theory and inquiry in science. The book focuses as much on course content as on instruction and learning methodology, presenting practical aspects that have repeatedly demonstrated their value in fostering meaningful and equitable learning of physics and other science courses at the secondary school and college levels.
    Kurzfassung: Presents practical aspects to foster learning of physics and other science courses at the secondary school and college levels. This book shows how a scientific theory that is the object of a given science course can be organized around a limited set of basic models. It also introduces special tools, including modeling schemata
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Fundamental Tenets of Modeling Theory; Modeling Schemata; Paradigmatic Evolution; Modeling Program; Learning Cycles;
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402049385
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Argumentation library v. 10
    DDC: 168
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Toulmin, Stephen Edelston 1922-2009 ; Logik ; Toulmin, Stephen Edelston 1922-2009 ; Argumentation ; Argumentationstheorie ; Toulmin, Stephen Edelston 1922-2009 ; Argumentationstheorie
    Kurzfassung: In The Uses of Argument (1958), Stephen Toulmin proposed a model for the layout of arguments: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Since then, Toulmin's model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. This book assembles the best contemporary reflection in these fields, extending or challenging Toulmin's ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments.
    Kurzfassung: In The Uses of Argument, first published in 1958, Stephen Toulmin proposed a new model for the layout of arguments, with six components: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Toulmin's model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in the fields of speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. The present volume aims to bring together the best contemporary reflection in these fields on the Toulmin model and its current appropriation. The volume includes 24 articles by 27 scholars from 10 countries. All the essays are newly written, have been selected from among those received in response to a call for papers, and have been revised extensively in response to referees' comments. They are not exegetical but substantive, extending or challenging Toulmin's ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments. Collectively, they represent the only comprehensive book-length study of the Toulmin model. They point the way to new developments in the theory of argument, including a typology of warrants, a comprehensive theory of defeaters, a rapprochement with formal logic, and a turn from propositions to speech acts as the constituents of argument.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Introduction; Reasoning in Theory and Practice; A Citation-Based Reflection on Toulmin and Argument; Complex Cases and Legitimation Inference: Extending the Toulmin Model to Deliberative Argument in Controversy; A Metamathematical Extension of the Toulmin Agenda; Toulmin's Model of Argument and the Question of Relativism; Systematizing Toulmin's Warrants: An Epistemic Approach; Warranting Arguments, the Virtue of Verb; Evaluating Inferences: The Nature and Role of Warrants; 'Probably'
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Voice of the Other: A Dialogico-Rhetorical Understanding of Opponent and of Toulmin's RebuttalEvaluating Arguments Based on Toulmin's Scheme; Good Reasoning on the Toulmin Model; The Fluidity of Warrants: Using the Toulmin Model to Analyse Practical Discourse; Artificial Intelligence & Law, Logic and Argument Schemes; Multiple Warrants in Practical Reasoning; The Quest for Rationalism without Dogmas in Leibniz and Toulmin; From Arguments to Decisions: Extending the Toulmin View; Using Toulmin Argumentation to Support Dispute Settlement in Discretionary Domains
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Toulmin's Model and the Solving of Ill-Structured ProblemsArguing By Question: A Toulminian Reading of Cicero's Account of the Enthymeme; The Uses of Argument in Mathematics; Translating Toulmin Diagrams: Theory Neutrality in Argument Representation; The Toulmin Test: Framing Argumentation within Belief Revision Theories; Eight Theses Reflecting on Stephen Toulmin; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 407-424) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402042461
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas/Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 193
    DDC: 130.92
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Dee, John 1527-1608
    Kurzfassung: "The career of John Dee has played a significant role in recent historiographical debates about the relationship between magic and science in the early modern period. This collection of interdisciplinary essays, which addresses a wide range of Dee's diverse intellectual activities (including mathematics, astronomy, navigation, astrology, alchemy, cabala and "angel magic"), seeks to enlarge the scope of this debate, as well as presenting new archival and bibliographical discoveries relating to Dee and his collaborators and colleagues"--Dust jacket
    Kurzfassung: "The career of the sixteenth-century English mathematician and natural philosopher John Dee (1527-1609) has played a significant role in recent historiographical debates about the relationship between magic and science in the early modern period. This collection of interdisciplinary essays, which addresses a wide range of Dee's diverse intellectual activities (including mathematics, astronomy, navigation, astrology, alchemy, cabala and ""angel magic"") seeks to enlarge the scope of this debate, as well as presenting new archival and bibliographical discoveries relating to Dee and his collaborators and colleagues. The essays in the volume present new views on the nature of Dee's various projects, as well as the uses to which he put the books and manuscripts in his library at Mortlake (one of the largest private collections in Elizabethan England)."
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION; JOHN DEE'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY REVISITED; WINGS (OR STAIRS) TO THE HEAVENS; LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON?; JOHN DEE AND ASTROLOGY IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND; JOHN DEE'S INTEREST IN THE APPLICATION OF NAUTICAL SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS AND LAW TO ENGLISH NAVAL AFFAIRS; JOHN DEE'S COLUMBIAN ENCOUNTER; JOHN DEE AND THE KABBALAH; THE ALCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF JOHN DEE'S MONAS HIEROGLYPHICA; JOHN DEE AND THE MAGIC TABLES IN THE BOOK OF SOYGA; PARACELSUS, SCRYING, AND THE LINGUA ADAMICA; JOHN DEE'S ANGELIC CONVERSATIONS AND THE ARS NOTORIA
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: THE NEXUS OF ANGELOLOGY, ESCHATOLOGY, AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHYIN JOHN DEE'S ANGEL CONVERSATIONS AND LIBRARYABSENT PRESENCES; IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF EDWARD KELLEY; ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO "JOHN DEE'S LIBRARY CATALOGUE"; RECENT WORKS ON JOHN DEE (1988-2005)
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Sixteen contributions, based on presentations made at an interdisciplinary colloquium held at Birkbeck College, University of London, Apr. 1995 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 66
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402041884
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 65
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ergativ ; Ergativ
    Kurzfassung: The overarching theme of this volume is the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. The book contains cutting-edge theoretical papers by top authors in the field, who also conduct original field work and bring new data to light. It contains articles that apply the most recent theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and then explore the issues that emerge. Languages investigated in the text include Basque, Georgian, and Hindi.
    Kurzfassung: This book contains cutting edge theoretical papers by top authors in the field, who also conduct original field work and bring new data to light. It contains articles that apply the most recent theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and explore issues that emerge. The articles are written by linguists with expertise in bringing original data to bear on complex theoretical issues. The overall theme of the volume is the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. The main sections are on the nature of ergative and absolutive case, the antipassive, split ergativity, and ergativity in languages not generally considered to be ergative. Languages investigated are Basque, Chukchi, Georgian, Halkomelem Salish, Hindi, Inuktitut, Kirundi, Malagasy, Niuean, Nuumiipuutímt, Russian, Tongan, and Warlpiri.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Locus of Ergative Case Assignment: Evidence from Scope; Neither Absolutive nor Ergative is Nominative or Accusative; Eccentric Agreement and Multiple Case Checking; Syntactic Ergativity in Tongan; A Parametric Syntax of Aspectually Conditioned Split-Ergativity; Split Absolutive; Deriving Split Ergativity in the Progressive; On 'Ergativity' in Halkomelem Salish; Tree-Geometric Relational Hierarchies and Nuumiipuutímt (Nez Perce) Case; Antipassive Morphology and Case Assignment in Inuktitut; The Ergativity Parameter: A View from Antipassive; Ergativity and Change in Inuktitut
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ergativity in Austronesian LanguagesThe Split Verb as a Source of Morphological Ergativity
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402047336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Philosophical studies series v. 103
    DDC: 121
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Metaphysik
    Kurzfassung: Alvin Plantinga is one of the leading figures in Anglo-American metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of religion, his work in these areas has been the focus of wide scholarly attention. This collection of essays, all of which were written specifically for this volume in honor of Plantinga's 70th birthday, ranges broadly over topics in metaphysics and epistemology and includes contributions by some of the best philosophers writing today.
    Kurzfassung: Comprises essays presented to Alvin Plantinga, a leading figures in Anglo-American metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of religion, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. This collection ranges broadly over topics in metaphysics and epistemology, and is useful to metaphysicians, epistemologists, philosophers of religion and theologians
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Actualism and Presentism; Properties; So You Think You Exist? In Defense of Nolipsism; Substance and Artifact in Aquinas's Metaphysics; Epistemology and Metaphysics; Historicizing the Belief-Forming Self; A Dilemma for Internalism; Epistemic Internalism, Philosophical Assurance and the Skeptical Predicament; Scientific Naturalism and the Value of Knowledge; Naturalism and Moral Realism; A Problem with Bayesian Conditionalization; Materialism and Post-Mortem Survival; Split Brains and the Godhead
    Anmerkung: Festschrift , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 68
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402047466
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, speech, and language technology
    DDC: 006.54
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Text processing (Computer science ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Digitale Sprachverarbeitung ; Frage-Antwort-System
    Kurzfassung: "This new Springer volume provides a comprehensive and detailed look at current approaches to automated question answering. The level of presentation is suitable for newcomers to the field as well as for professionals wishing to study this area and/or to build practical QA systems. The book can serve as a ""how-to"" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers. It can also be used to teach graduate courses in Computer Science, Information Science and related disciplines."
    Kurzfassung: Automated question answering - the ability of a machine to answer questions, simple or complex, posed in ordinary human language - is one of the most exciting technological developments. This book looks at the various approaches to automated question answering. It serves as a "how-to" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Some Advanced Features of LCC's Poweranswer; A Statistical Approach For Open Domain Question Answering; Coreference in Q&A; Questions and Intentions; Question Answering as Dialogue with Data; Coping With Alternate Formulations of Questions And Answers; Sentence Ranking Using Keywords and Meta-Keywords; Question Answering By Passage Selection; Query Modulation For Web-Based Question Answering; Question Answering by Predictive Annotation; Question Answering Supported By Multiple Levels Of Information Extraction; How to Select an Answer String?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Evaluating Question Answering System PerformanceEvaluating Interactive Question Answering; Habitability in Question-Answering Systems; Question Answering: Technology for Intelligence Analysis; Reverse-Engineering Question/Answer Collections From Ordinary Text; New Directions in Question Answering; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9781402042515
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 232 Seiten)
    Serie: Archimedes 14
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Revisiting discovery and justification
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Entdeckung ; Verifikation
    Kurzfassung: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has left a turbulent wake in the philosophy of science. This book recognizes the need to re-open the debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. The discussion clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Kurzfassung: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has had a turbulent career in philosophy of science. At times celebrated as the hallmark of philosophical approaches to science, at times condemned as ambiguous, distorting, and misleading, the distinction dominated philosophical debates from the early decades of the twentieth century to the 1980s. Until today, it informs our conception of the content, domain, and goals of philosophy of science. It is due to this fact that new trends in philosophy of experimentation and history and sociology of science have been marginalized by traditional scholarship in philosophy. To acknowledge properly this important recent work we need to re-open the debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. The contributions to this volume provide close readings and detailed analyses of the original textual sources for the context distinction. They revise those accounts of 'forerunners' of the distinction that have been written through the lens of Logical Empiricism. They map, clarify, and analyse the derivations and mutations of the context distinctions as we encounter them in current history and philosophy of science. The re-evaluation of the distinction helps us deal with the philosophical challenges that the New Experimentalism and historically, socio-politically and economically oriented science studies have placed before us. This volume thus clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Some Thoughts on the Discovery Justification Distinction; Inductive Justification and Discovery; Freedom in a Scientific Society: Reading the Context of Reichenbach's Contexts; Germano Cantabrigian History of the Fundamental Ideas; Autonomy versus Development: Duhem on Progress in Science; Psychologism and the Distinction Between Discovery and Justification; Context of Discovery versus Context of Justification and Thomas Kuhn; Weaknesses of the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Science; Heuristic Appraisal: Context of Discovery or Justification
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Concept Formation and the Limits of Justification Discovering the two ElectricitiesContexts of Justifying and Discovering the Nature of Ecosystems; On the Inextricability of the Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
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    URL: Cover
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  • 70
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402048890
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 216 p, digital)
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 34
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Nivre, Joakim, 1962 - Inductive dependency parsing
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Information systems ; Computational linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Dependenzgrammatik ; Syntaktische Analyse
    Kurzfassung: Natural Language Parsing -- Dependency Parsing -- Inductive Dependency Parsing -- Treebank Parsing -- Conclusion
    Kurzfassung: This book provides an in-depth description of the framework of inductive dependency parsing, a methodology for robust and efficient syntactic analysis of unrestricted natural language text. This methodology is based on two essential components: dependency-based syntactic representations and a data-driven approach to syntactic parsing. More precisely, it is based on a deterministic parsing algorithm in combination with inductive machine learning to predict the next parser action. The book includes a theoretical analysis of all central models and algorithms, as well as a thorough empirical evaluation of memory-based dependency parsing, using data from Swedish and English. Offering the reader a one-stop reference to dependency-based parsing of natural language, it is intended for researchers and system developers in the language technology field, and is also suited for graduate or advanced undergraduate education
    URL: Cover
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9781402043901
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Advances in Group Decision and Negotiation 2
    DDC: 303.69
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Political Science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konfliktlösung ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Friedenssichernde Maßnahme
    Kurzfassung: Sadly enough, war, conflicts and terrorism appear to stay with us in the 21st century. But what is our outlook on new methods for preventing and ending them? Present-day hard- and software enables the development of large crisis, conflict, and conflict management databases with many variables, sometimes with automated updates, statistical analyses of a high complexity, elaborate simulation models, and even interactive uses of these databases. In this book, these methods are presented, further developed, and applied in relation to the main issue: the resolution and prevention of intra- and international conflicts. Conflicts are a worldwide phenomenon. Therefore, internationally leading researchers from the USA, Austria, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland have contributed.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Conflict Resolution by Democracies and Dictatorships: Are Democracies Better in Resolving Conflicts?; Trade Liberalization and Political Instability in Developing Countries; Computer Assisted Early Warning - the FAST Example; Country Indicators for Foreign Policy Developing an Indicators-Based User Friendly Risk Assessment and Early Warning Capability; The Confman.2002 Data Set Developing Cases and Indices of Conflict Management to Predict Conflict Resolution; Events, Patterns, and Analysis Forecasting International Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Forecasting Conflict in the Balkans using Hidden Markov ModelsNeural Computation for International Conflict Management; Modeling International Negotiation Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches; Machine Learning Methods for Better Understanding, Resolving, and Preventing International Conflicts; Information, Power, and War; Modeling Effects of Emotion and Personality on Political Decision-Making; New Methods for Conflict Data; Peacemaker 2020 A System for Global Conflict Analysis and Resolution; A Work of Fiction and A Research Challenge
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 72
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402023019
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: En]Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 81
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ellipse ; Satz
    Kurzfassung: The papers in this volume address two main topics:Q1: What is the nature, and especially the scope, of ellipsis in natural language? Q2: What are the linguistic/philosophical implications of what one takes the nature/scope of ellipsis to be? Each of these main topics includes a large sub-part that deals specifically with nonsentential speech. Within the first main topic, Q1, there arises the sub-issue of whether nonsentential speech falls within the scope of ellipsis or not, within the second main topic, Q2, there arises the sub-issue of what linguistic/philosophical implications follow, if nonsentential speech does/does not count as ellipsis. This book is unique in that it offers the reader, Papers on the boundary between philosophy and linguistics, Applications of advanced work in theoretical linguistics to traditional philosophical questions, It is the only volume of papers ever published on sub-sentential speech, Major contribution to our understanding of ellipsis in natural language, presently a central topic in syntactic theory. This book is of interest to professionals and advanced graduate students in the fields of philosophy of language, semantics, and syntax.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Against Reconstruction in Ellipsis; The Semantics of Nominal Exclamatives; Nonsententials in Minimalism; A Note on Alleged Cases of Nonsentential Assertion; On the Interpretation and Performance of Non-Sentential Assertions; Non-Sentences, Implicature, and Success in Communication; The Link between Sentences and 'Assertion': An Evolutionary Accident?; Knowledge by Acquaintance and Meaning in Isolation; Co-Extensive Theories and Unembedded Definite Descriptions; The Ellipsis Account of Fiction-Talk; Quinean Interpretation and Anti-Vernacularism
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Saying What You Mean: Unarticulated Constituents and Communication
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402026423
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Edmund Husserl Collected Works 11
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of Mind ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology
    Kurzfassung: This is the first English translation of Husserliana XXIII, the volume in the critical edition of Edmund Husserl's works that gathers together a rich array of posthumous texts on representational consciousness. The lectures and sketches comprising this work make available the most profound and comprehensive Husserlian account of image consciousness. They explore phantasy in depth, and furnish nuanced accounts of perception and memory.
    Kurzfassung: This is the first English translation of Husserliana XXIII, the volume in the critical edition of Edmund Husserl's works that gathers together a rich array of posthumous texts on representational consciousness. The lectures and sketches comprising Husserliana XXIII come from a period of enormous productivity and pivotal development in Husserl's philosophical life, extending from the years immediately preceding the Logical Investigations (1900-01) almost to the time of his retirement in 1928. They make available the most profound and comprehensive Husserlian account of image consciousness - the awareness we have when we look at a picture or see a play - and of its relation to art and the aesthetic. They explore phantasy in depth, and furnish nuanced accounts of perception and memory. They enrich the Husserlian analysis of time consciousness and offer a fascinating picture of the sometimes tortuous paths Husserl took in his efforts to comprehend how the forms of representation are constituted and how they are related to one another and to perception.
    Anmerkung: " ... a translation of Phantasie, Bildbewusstsein, Erinnerung (1898-1925), Volume XXIII in the Husserliana series, the critical edition of the works of Edmund Husserl. Husserliana XXIII brings together a broad range of posthumous texts on perception, phantasy, image consciousness, memory, time, and a variety of related topics"--P. xxix , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 74
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030468
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 326
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Erkenntnis ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Theoretische Physik ; Theoriebildung ; Wissenschaftliche Revolution ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Naturwissenschaften ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Kurzfassung: Vyacheslav Stepin (born 19.08.1934) is a distinguished Russian philosopher, PhD, Professor, active member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honoured Professor of Moscow State University and Honorary Doctor of the Karlsruhe University (Germany). He is the organizer and leader of large-scale joint research projects with foreign universities and research centers (USA, Germany, France, China) on problems of philosophy of sciences and technics, globalization and basic values of culture. In the book Theoretical Knowledge by V. Stepin, an original conception of a structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge is proposed. A detailed analysis of the foundations of science performed by the author allowed him to develop new ideas and approaches, to demonstrate how sociocultural factors are incorporated in the process of yielding of new theories. He shows direct and inverse links between foundations of science and new theories and empirical facts evolved from those, how among many potentially possible histories of science a culture selects just those directions which become a real history of science. The author analyses mechanisms of the generation of scientific theories and shows that those are changed in the process of historical development of science. He displays three historical types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical, which appears in modern science) and shows features of their coexistence and interplay. It is shown that along with the emerging of post-non-classical rationality science increases the sphere of its worldview applications. Science begins to correlate not only with the basic values of technogenic civilization but also with some values and patterns of traditional cultures. The investigation is based on the extensive literature on the history of natural and social sciences. The reader will find in the book authentic historical reconstructions of the processes of the development of classical and quantum electrodynamics, relativity, and conceptions of evolution in biology.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Scientific Cognition in a Sociocultural Context; Structure of Theoretical Knowledge; The Foundations of Science; Genesis of Theoretical Knowledge in Classical Science; Formation and Development of Theory in Non-Classical Science; Scientific Revolutions; Strategies of Theoretical Investigation in the Epoch of Post-Non-Classical Science; Strategies of Theoretical Investigation in the Epoch of Post-Non-Classical Science
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 381-394) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030338
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 62
    DDC: 415/.63
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Aspekt
    Kurzfassung: The study of the linguistic reflexes of aspect has been an active field of research in various sub-disciplines of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics (including discourse theory) and acquisition studies. However, communication and dissemination of results across these various subfields has often been indirect. The different angles brought together give us a comprehensive picture of the representation of aspect in the mind/brain of the speaker. The papers in this volume represent the results of a workshop on the syntax, semantics and acquisition of aspect held in 2002 whose purpose was to foment active cross-disciplinary communication. A number of the papers examine the syntactic representation of lexical or situation aspect, while others focus on the syntactic interaction of lexical aspect with grammatical aspect, and of grammatical aspect and tense. Other papers examine the role of aspect in discourse representations, while a third group of papers reports on results of empirical studies on the acquisition of aspect in both first and second language acquisition, and patterns of loss of morphosyntactic reflexes of aspect in language attrition.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Issues and Interfaces in the Study of Aspect; Topic or Aspect; Some Notes on the Syntax of Quantity; Articulated vPS and the Computation of Aspectual Classes; Flavors of v; Semi-Copulas; PP, FP and the Telic/Atelic Distinction in Norwegian Motion Constructions; The Spatio-Temporal Path and Aspectual Composition; Aspect and Temporal Modification; Aspectual Entities and Tense in Discourse; Stage Structure and Stage Salience for Event Semantics; Aspectual Viewpoints, Speech Act Functions and Discourse Structure; Child Non-Finite Clauses and the Mood-Aspect Connection; Imperfect Imperfectives
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: L2 Acquisition of Aspectual Distinctions in PolishAspect Lost, Aspect Regained; Tracking the Elusive Imperfect in Adult L2 Acquisition
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [421]-449) and index , The papers in this volume represent the results of the Workshop on the Syntax, Semantics, and Acquisition of Aspect, held at the University of Iowa in May 2002 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032325
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 32
    DDC: 401.9
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Germanic Languages ; Romance Languages ; Semantics ; Slavic languages ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Tempus ; Kontrastive Linguistik ; Aspekt
    Kurzfassung: This book offers both a retrospective view on how theories of aspectuality have developed over the past 30 years, and presents current, new directions of aspectuality research.The articles in this book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of the following languages: English and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nahk-Daghestanian languages.
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this book is two-fold: to offer a retrospective view on the past thirty years of research on aspectuality and temporality as well as to develop new perspectives on the future development of the field. Articles contain overviews of the development of the field and/or present the state of the art of current research, suggesting new and upcoming lines of research. An important theme throughout the book is typological variation, and the relevance of empirical data for theory formation. Together the articles in the book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of English, and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nakh-Daghestanian languages. Audience: Scholars and students of aspectuality in semantics and at the syntax-semantics interface.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introducing Perspectives on Aspect; Aspectual Composition: Surveying the Ingredients; Quantized Direct Objects Don't Delimit After All; Quantification and Aspect; Prepositions and Results in Italian and English: An Analysis from Event Decomposition; Atelicity, Pluractionality, and Adverbial Quantification; On Accumulating and Having IT All; Adverbs of Completion in an Event Semantics; Eventualities, Grammar, and Language Diversity; From Habituals to Futures; Perfective Aspect and Accomplishment Situations in Mandarin Chinese; The Past Perfective and Present Perfect in African-American English
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Tense and Aspectual be in Child African American EnglishUnmarked Already
    Anmerkung: "In December 2001 the Utrecht Institute of Linguistics hosted a conference entitled Perspectives on Aspect"--pref , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9781402036804
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 88
    DDC: 142.7
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of Mind ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2004 ; Phänomenologie ; Logos ; Vernunftkritik ; Ontologie ; Erkenntnis ; Gewissheit ; Evidenz ; Reduktion ; Wahrnehmung ; Idee
    Kurzfassung: During its century-long unfolding, spreading in numerous directions, Husserlian phenomenology while loosening inner articulations, has nevertheless maintained a somewhat consistent profile. As we see in this collection, the numerous conceptions and theories advanced in the various phases of reinterpretations have remained identifiable with phenomenology. What conveys this consistency in virtue of which innumerable types of inquiry-scientific, social, artistic, literary - may consider themselves phenomenological? Is it not the quintessence of the phenomenological quest, namely our seeking to reach the very foundations of reality at all its constitutive levels by pursuing its logos? Inquiring into the logos of the phenomenological quest we discover, indeed, all the main constitutive spheres of reality and of the human subject involved in it, and concurrently, the logos itself comes to light in the radiation of its force (Tymieniecka).
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Phenomenologie Transcendantale et Critique de la Raison Théorique, pratique et axiologique; The Phenomenology and Hermeneutics of Traditions; Some Comments on Analytic Philosophy and Phenomenology; Lessons from Sartre for the Analytic Phiolosophy of Mind; A New Copernican Revolution: Moving Beyond the Husserlian Epoche to a New Critique of Reason: Tymieniecka and the Role of the Creative Imagination; Ontological Intentions of Twentieth-Century Transcendentalism; The Formal Theory of Everything: Exploration of Housserl's Theory of Manifolds; On the Mode of Existence of the Real Numbers
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Hermeneutische Versus Reflexive PhäNomenologieOn the Ontological Structure of Husserl's Perceptual Noema and the Object of Perception; The Phenomenological Approach to Ontology in the Argument of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka: Differentiation and Unity as Dynamism of Logos and Life; Descartes and Ortega on the Fate of Indubitable Knowledge; Evidence and Structure; The Resistance of the Question to Phenomenological Reduction: Husserl, Fink and the Adequacy of the Sixth Cartesian Meditation as a Response to Heidegger; An Interpertation of Husserl's Concept of Constitution in Terms of Symmetry
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Hegelian and Heideggerian TautologiesThe Problem of the 'Idea' in Derrida's; Body or Flesh? The Problem of Phenomenological Reduction in Merleau-Ponty#X2019; s Philosophical Development; Conceptions of Time in Husserl's Social Worlds - Modern Perspective of Metaxy; Alfred Schutz's Critical Analysis of Husserl's Transcendental Phenomenology; The Joys of Disclosure: Simone de Beauvoir and the Phenomenological Tradition; Merleau-Ponty and the Relation between the Logos Prophorikos and the Logos Endiathetos; A Miniscule Hiatus: Foucault's Critique of the Concept of Lived-Experience (vécu)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Invisible and the Unpresentable. The Role of Metaphor in Merleau-Ponty's Last Writings
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402039096
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 192
    DDC: 914.045
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Regional planning ; Russland ; Reisebericht ; Westeuropabild
    Kurzfassung: Journeys to a Graveyard examines the descriptions provided by eight Russian writers of journeys made to western European countries between 1697 and 1880. The descriptions reveal the mentality and preoccupations of the Russian social and intellectual elites during this period. The travellers' perceptions of western European countries are treated here as an ambivalent response to a civilization with which Russia was belatedly coming into close contact as a result of the imperial ambition of the Russian state and the westernization of the Russian elites. The travellers perceived the most advanced European countries as superior to Russia in terms of material achievement and the maturity and refinement of their cultures, but they also promoted a view of Russia as in other respects superior to the western nations. Heavily influenced from the late eighteenth century by Romanticism and by the rise of nationalism in the west, they tended to depict European civilization as moribund. By this means they managed to define their own emergent nation in a contrastive way as having youth and promising futurity.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Piotr Tolstoi: a travel diary; Fonvizin: letters from foreign journeys; Karamzin: The Letters of a Russian Traveller; Pogodin: A Year in Foreign Lands; Botkin: Letters on Spain; Herzen: Letters from France and Italy; Dostoevskii: Winter Notes on Summer Impressions; Saltykov-Shchedrin: Across the Border
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402039331
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 30
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Multimedia systems ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer system performance ; Diskursanalyse
    Kurzfassung: The main topic of this volume is natural multimodal interaction. The book is unique in that it brings together a great many contributions regarding aspects of natural and multimodal interaction written by many of the important actors in the field. Topics addressed include talking heads, conversational agents, tutoring systems, multimodal communication, machine learning, architectures for multimodal dialogue systems, systems evaluation, and data annotation.
    Kurzfassung: The main topic of this volume is natural multimodal interaction. The book is unique in that it brings together a great many contributions regarding aspects of natural and multimodal interaction written by many of the important actors in the field. It is a timely update of Multimodality in Language and Speech Systems by Björn Granström, David House and Inger Karlsson and, at the same time, it presents a much broader overview of the field. Its 17 chapters provide a broad and detailed impression of where the fairly new field of natural and multimodal interactivity engineering stands today. Topics addressed include talking heads, conversational agents, tutoring systems, multimodal communication, machine learning, architectures for multimodal dialogue systems, systems evaluation, and data annotation. This title will prove very valuable to scientists, researchers and practitioners working in the fields of natural interactive systems, multimodal systems, conversational agents, spoken dialogue systems, natural language processing applications, advanced human-computer interfaces, analysis of multimodal data, evaluation of multimodal systems, and educational systems.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Natural and Multimodal Interactivity Engineering - Directions and Needs; Social Dialongue with Embodied Conversational Agents; A First Experiment in Engagement for Human-Robot Interaction in Hosting Activities; Form; On the Relationships Among Speech, Gestures, and Object Manipulation in Virtual Environments: Initial Evidence; Analysing Multimodal Communication; Do Oral Messages Help Visual Search?; Geometric and Statistical Approaches to Audiovisual Segmentation; The Psychology and Technology of Talking Heads: Applications in Language Learning
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Effective Interaction with Talking Animated Agents an Dialogue SystemsControlling the Gaze of Conversational Agents; Mind: A Context-Based Multimodal Interpretation Framework in Conversational Systems; A General Purpose Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring Systems; Miamm - A Multimodal Dialogue System Using Haptics; Adaptive Human-Computer Dialogue; Machine Learning Approaches to Human Dialogue Modelling
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030376
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 69
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Artificial intelligence ; Law Philosophy ; Humanities ; Datenbank ; Urheberrecht ; Gesetzgebung ; Datenbank ; Urheberrecht ; Gesetzgebung
    Kurzfassung: Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form
    Kurzfassung: "Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases" is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form of open texture, transformation using argumentation concepts and evaluation and deployment approaches are discussed at length.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Legal Issues in the Data Selection Phase; Legal Issues in the Data Pre-Processing Phase; Legal Issues in the Data Transformation Phase; Data Mining with Rule Induction; Uncertain and Statistical Data Mining; Data Mining Using Neural Networks; Information Retrieval and Text Mining; Evaluation, Deployment and Related Issues; Conclusion
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-254) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402029806
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Issues in Business Ethics 21
    DDC: 174.4
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Comparative law ; Economics ; Business planning ; Katastrophenmanagement ; Wirtschaftsethik
    Kurzfassung: Robert Elliott Allinson
    Kurzfassung: Dealing with the field of management ethics, this book demonstrates Professor Allinson's thesis that valuing human lives is the core of ethical management. His comparison of the ideas of the power of Fate and High Technology, his penetrating analysis of the very concept of an "accident", demonstrate how concepts rule our lives
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Accidents, Tragedies and Disasters; The Internal Relationship Between Ethics and Business; The Buck Stops Here and it Stops Everywhere Else as Well; Crisis Management and Disaster Prevention Management; The Vasa Disaster; The Titanic Disaster; The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster; Post-Challenger Investigations; The Herald of Free Enterprise Disaster; The King's Cross Underground Fire; The Disaster on Mt. Erebus; Moral Responsibility and Techno-Organization
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030697
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Applied Logic Series 33
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Roboter ; Programmierung ; Prädikatenlogik ; Stufe 1
    Kurzfassung: "The book provides an in-depth and uniform treatment of a mathematical model for reasoning robotic agents. The book also contains an introduction to a programming method and system based on this model. The mathematical model, known as the ""Fluent Calculus'', describes how to use classical first-order logic to set up symbolic models of dynamic worlds and to represent knowledge of actions and their effects. Robotic agents use this knowledge and their reasoning facilities to make decisions when following high-level, long-term strategies. The book covers the issues of reasoning about sensor input, acting under incomplete knowledge and uncertainty, planning, intelligent troubleshooting, and many other topics. The mathematical model is supplemented by a programming method which allows readers to design their own reasoning robotic agents. The usage of this method, called ""FLUX'', is illustrated by many example programs. The book includes the details of an implementation of FLUX using the standard programming language PROLOG, which allows readers to re-implement or to modify and extend the generic system. The design of autonomous agents, including robots, is one of the most exciting and challenging goals of Artificial Intelligence. Reasoning robotic agents constitute a link between knowledge representation and reasoning on the one hand, and agent programming and robot control on the other. The book provides a uniform mathematical model for the problem-driven, top-down design of rational agents, which use reasoning for decision making, planning, and troubleshooting. The implementation of the mathematical model by a general PROLOG program allows readers to practice the design of reasoning robotic agents. Since all implementation details are given, the generic system can be easily modified and extended."
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Special Fluent Calculus; Special FLUX; General Fluent Calculus; General FLUX; Knowledge Programming; Planning; Nondeterminism; Imprecision*; Indirect Effects: Ramification Problem*; Troubleshooting: Qualification Problem; Robotics
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [313]-323) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 83
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402039058
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Trends in Logic, Studia Logica Library 24
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Logic ; Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Mathematische Logik
    Kurzfassung: Develops a hybrid architecture that allows to incorporate anaphora resolution into grammatical deduction. After giving an introduction into Type Logical Grammar in general, this book discusses the formal properties of this connective
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preliminaries; Contents; List of Tables; 1 TYPE LOGICAL GRAMMAR THE FRAMEWORK; 2 THE PROBLEM OF ANAPHORA; 3 LAMBEK CALCULUS WITH LIMITED CONTRACTION; 4 PRONOUNS AND QUANTIFICATION; 6 INDEFINITES; References; Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402033995
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 300
    DDC: 128.3
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Animal behavior ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftliches Denken ; Philosophie
    Kurzfassung: This volume is a collection of some of the most important philosophical papers by Peter Gärdenfors. Spanning a period of more than 20 years of his research, they cover a wide ground of topics, from early works on decision theory, belief revision and nonmonotonic logic to more recent work on conceptual spaces, inductive reasoning, semantics and the evolutions of thinking. Many of the papers have only been published in places that are difficult to access. The common theme of all the papers is the dynamics of thought. Several of the papers have become minor classics and the volume bears witness of the wide scope of Gärdenfors' research and of his crisp and often witty style of writing. The volume will be of interest to researchers in philosophy and other cognitive sciences.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Probabilistic Reasoning and Evidentiary Value; Unreliable Probabilities, Risk Taking, and Decision Making; Rights, Games and Social Choice; The Dynamics of Belief Systems: Foundations vs. Coherence Theories; The Role of Expectations in Reasoning; How Logic Emerges from the Dynamics of Information; Induction, Conceptual Spaces and AI; Three Levels of Inductive Inference; Frameworks for Properties: Possible Worlds vs. Conceptual Spaces; The Pragmatic Role of Modality in Natural Language; The Social Stance; The Emergence of Meaning; Does Semantices Need Reality?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Nature of Man - Games That Genes Play?The Detachment of Thought; Cognitive Science: From Computers to Anthills as Models of Human Thought
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 85
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402035524
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 70
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Law Philosophy ; Lehrbuch ; Juristische Logik ; Juristische Logik
    Kurzfassung: Studies in Legal Logic is a collection of nine interrelated papers about the logic, epistemology and ontology of law. All of the papers were written after the publication of the author's Reasoning with Rules and supplement the issues addressed therein. Some of the papers are new, others have been revised substantially after the publication of their original versions. The emphasis is on analysis, not on logical technicalities.Studies in Legal Logic contains chapters about the nature of norms, the role of coherence in the law, the nature of defeasibility, the role of dialectics in law and artificial intelligence, the statics and dynamics of the law, and the consistency of rules. Moreover, it contains a new, simplified and yet more powerful version of Reason-based Logic and extensive examples of how it can be used for the analysis of legal reasoning. The examples deal with legal theory construction, case-based reasoning, and judicial proof.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Law and Defeasibility; Law and Coherence; Reason-Based Logic; Comparing Alternatives; Rule Consistency; What is a Norm?; Legal Statics and Legal Dynamics; Dialectical Models in Artificial Intelligence and Law; Legal Reasoning and Legal Integration
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [297]-318) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402038358
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 121
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Apoptosis drug effects
    Kurzfassung: Contextualism has become one of the leading paradigms in contemporary epistemology. According to this view, there is no context-independent standard of knowledge, and as a result, all knowledge ascriptions are context-sensitive. Contextualists contend that their account of this analysis allows us to resolve some major epistemological problems such as skeptical paradoxes and the lottery paradox, and that it helps us explain various other linguistic data about knowledge ascriptions. The apparent ease with which contextualism seems to solve numerous epistemological quandaries has inspired the burgeoning interest in it. This comprehensive anthology collects twenty original essays and critical commentaries on different aspects of contextualism, written by leading philosophers on the topic. The editors' introduction sketches the historical development of the contextualist movement and provides a survey and analysis of its arguments and major positions. The papers explore, inter alia, the central problems and prospects of semantic (or conversational) contextualism and its main alternative approaches such as inferential (or issue) contextualism, epistemic contextualism, and virtue contextualism. They also investigate the connections between contextualism and epistemic particularism, and between contextualism and stability accounts of knowledge. Contributors include: Antonia Barke, Peter Baumann, Elke Brendel, Stewart Cohen, Wayne Davis, Fred Dretske, Mylan Engel, Jr., Gerhard Ernst, Verena Gottschling, John Greco, Thomas Grundmann, Frank Hofmann, Christoph Jäger, Nikola Kompa, Dirk Koppelberg, Mark Lance, Margaret Little, Lydia Mechtenberg, Hans Rott, Bruce Russell, Gilbert Scharifi, and Michael Williams.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preliminaries; Contents; Approaches to Epistemology: Problems and Prospects; Externalism and Modest Contextualism; Skepticism, Information, and Closure:; What's Wrong with Contextualism; Contextualism and the Skeptic; How to be an Anti-Skeptic and a Noncontextualist; Are Knowledge Claims Indexical?; Keeping the Conversational Score: Constraints for an Optimal Contextualist Answer?; Knowledge, Reflection and Sceptical Hypotheses; Inferential Contextualism, Epistemological Realism and Scepticism; Epistemic Contextualism
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Why Epistemic Contextualism Does not Provide an Adequate Account of KnowledgeA Different Sort of Contextualism; On the Prospects for Virtue Contextualism:; Lotteries and Contexts; Reply to Baumann; Defeasibility and the Normative Grasp of Context; Moral Particularism and Epistemic Contextualism; Stability, Strength and Sensitivity; The Stability Theory of Knowledge and Belief Revision; List of Contributors
    Anmerkung: "Reprinted from Erkenntnis 61 Nos. 2-3 (Novermber 2004) , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 87
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402040665
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Yearbook of Morphology
    DDC: 415
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Phonology ; Psycholinguistics ; Morphologie
    Kurzfassung: Discusses several theoretical issues such as: the role of inflectional paradigms in morphological analysis, the differences between words and affixes, and the adequacy of competing models of word structure. This work also discusses the role of phonological factors in shaping complex words
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: CONTENTS; JAMES P. BLEVINS /Word-based declensions in Estonian; HANS-OLAV ENGER /Do affixes have meaning? Polarity in the Toten dialect ofNorwegian meets morphological theory; JANET GRIJZENHOUT and MARTINA PENKE /On the interaction of phonology and morphology in languageacquisition and German and Dutch Broca's Aphasia: the caseof inflected verbs; ANDREW KOONTZ-GARBODEN /On the typology of state/change of state alternations; CHRISTIAN LEHMANN /Pleonasm and hypercharacterisation; MARY PASTER /Pulaar verbal extensions and phonologically driven affix order
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ANDREA D. SIMS /Declension hopping in dialectal Croatian: Two predictionsof frequencyGREGORY T. STUMP /Referrals and morphomes in Sora verb inflection; ANDREW CARSTAIRS-McCARTHY /Affixes, stems and allomorphic conditioning in paradigmfunction morphology; GREGORY T. STUMP /Some criticisms of Carstairs-McCarthy's conclusions; Book reviews; Paul Boucher (ed.), Many Morphologies (Peter Arkadiev); Danielle Corbin, Pierre Corbin and Martine Temple (eds.), Lexique 16 (Claudio Iacobini); Laurie Bauer, A Glossary of Morphology (Geert Booij)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Piet van Sterkenburg (ed.), Linguistics Today - Facing a Greater Challenge (Geert Booij)Book Information; Proceedings of the 4th Mediterranean Morpholohy Meeting, Catania, 21-23 September 2004
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402040948
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 121.3
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Economics, Mathematical ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Wirtschaftsethik
    Kurzfassung: Contemporary epistemological and cognitive studies, as well as recent trends in computer science and game theory have revealed an increasingly important and intimate relationship between Information, Interaction, and Agency. Agents perform actions based on the available information and in the presence of other interacting agents. From this perspective Information, Interaction, and Agency neatly ties together classical themes like rationality, decision-making and belief revision with games, strategies and learning in a multi-agent setting. Unified by the central notions Information, Interaction, and Agency, the essays in this volume provide refreshing methodological perspectives on belief revision, dynamic epistemic logic, von Neumann games, and evolutionary game theory, all of which in turn are central approaches to understanding our own rationality and that of other agents.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preliminary; Logics for Epistemic Programs; A Counterexample to Six Fundamental Principles of Belief Formation; Comparing Semantics of Logics for Multi-Agent Systems; A Characterization of Von Neumann Games in Terms of Memory; An Evolutionary Game Theoretic Perspective on Learning in Mult-Agent Systems; Evolution of Conventional Meaning and Conversational Principles; Nonmonotonic Inferences and Neural Networks; A Model of Jury Decisions Where All Jurors Have the Same Evidence; A Sat-Based Approach to Unbounded Model Checking for Alternating-Time Temporal Epistemic Logic
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Update Semantics of Security ProtocolsBack matter
    Anmerkung: "Reprinted from Synthese 139:2 and 142:2 (2004), Special section: Knowledge, rationality & action , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 89
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402026379
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 25
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Applied Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Sprachverarbeitung ; Phonetik
    Kurzfassung: Continued progress in Speech Technology in the face of ever-increasing demands on the performance levels of applications is a challenge to the whole speech and language science community. Robust recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech in varied environments, good comprehensibility and naturalness of expressive speech synthesis are goals that cannot be achieved without a change of paradigm. This book argues for interdisciplinary communication and cooperation in problem-solving in general, and discusses the interaction between speech and language engineering and phonetics in particular. With a number of reports on innovative speech technology research as well as more theoretical discussions, it addresses the practical, scientific and sometimes the philosophical problems that stand in the way of cross-disciplinary collaboration and illuminates some of the many possible ways forward. Audience: Researchers and professionals in speech technology and computational linguists.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Phonetic Knowledge in Speech Technology; Can Phonetic Knowledge be Used to Improve the Performance of Speech Recognisers and Synthesisers?; Prosodic Models, Automatic Speech Understanding, and Speech Synthesis: Towards the Common Ground?; Phonetic Time Maps; Introducing Phonetically Motivated, Heterogeneous Information into Automatic Speech Recognition; Introducing Contextual Transcription Rules in Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition; From Here to Utility; Pronunciation Modeling; Phonetic Knowledge in Text-to-Speech Synthesis; Is Phonetic Knowledge of Any Use for Speech Technology?
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402029004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Yearbook of Morphology
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Comparative Linguistics ; Phonology ; Sign Language
    Anmerkung: Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030512
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 27
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Multimedia systems ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Sprache ; Information ; Präsentation
    Kurzfassung: Intelligent Multimodal Information Presentation relates to the ability of a computer system to automatically produce interactive information presentations, taking into account the specifics about the user, such as needs, interests and knowledge, and engaging in a collaborative interaction that helps the retrieval of relevant information and its understanding on the part of the user. The volume includes descriptions of some of the most representative recent works on Intelligent Information Presentation and a view of the challenges ahead.
    Kurzfassung: Intelligent Multimodal Information Presentation relates to the ability of a computer system to automatically produce interactive information presentations, taking into account the specifics about the user, such as needs, interests and knowledge, and engaging in a collaborative interaction that helps the retrieval of relevant information and its understanding on the part of the user. The volume includes descriptions of some of the most representative recent works on Intelligent Information Presentation and a view of the challenges ahead
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Greta. A Believable Embodied Conversational Agent; Multimodal Communication in Virtual Environments; Generating Embodied Information Presentations; Resource-Adaptive Personal Navigation; Intelligent Interactive Information Presentation for Cultural Tourism; Supporting Mobile Users through Adaptive Information Presentation; Autobriefer: A System for Authoring Narrated Briefings; Generating Tailored Worked-Out Problem Solutions to Help Students Learn from Examples; Multilingual Personalized Information Objects; Generating Multimedia Presentations from Plain Text to Screen Play
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Intelligent Information Presentation for Tutoring SystemsMaintaining Visibility Constraints for View Management in 3D User Interfaces; Simulation Meets Hollywood; Presentation Technologies for People with Disabilities; Fusion and Coordination for Multimodal Interactive Information Presentation
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 92
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402040474
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Amsterdam Studies in Jewish Thought 10
    DDC: 193
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Ethics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Cohen, Hermann 1842-1918
    Kurzfassung: Hermann Cohen (1842-1918) is an original systematic thinker and representative of the Marburg School of Critical Idealism. The Marburg School was a leading school in German academic philosophy and in German Jewish philosophy for a period of over thirty years preceding the first World War. Initially standing at the front of the 'Return to Kant' movement, Cohen subsequently went beyond Kant in developing a system of critical idealism in which he offered a critique of and alternative to absolute idealism, positivism, and materialism. A critical idealist in heart and soul, Cohen is also recognized as a man who embodied German Jewish culture. Publications on Cohen in the English language are small in number and this volume aims to fill the gap. It offers an analysis of Cohen's System of Philosophy - the three-volume classic on logic, ethics, and aesthetics - and his writings on Judaism and religion. The book highlights Cohen's contributions in these fields, including his discussions with Maimonides, Leibniz, Kant, and Hegel. It demonstrates the congeniality of Cohen's critical idealism as expounded in the System and his writings on Judaism, and offers an overview of contemporary Cohen research.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: CONTENTS; Preface; Abbreviations; INTRODUCTION; Helmet Holzhey: Cohen and the Marburg School in Context; LOGIK; Werner Flach: Cohen's Ursprungsdenken; Reiner Wiehl: Identity and Correlation in Hermann Cohen's System of Philosophy; Gianna Gigliotti: Beweis and Aufweis: Transcendental a Priori and metaphysical a prioiru in Cohen's neo-Kantianism; Pierfrancesco Fiorato:Notes on Future in Hermann Cohen's Anti-Eschatological, Messianism; Astrid Deuber-Mankowsky: Hanging over the Abyss: On the Relation between Knowledge and Experience in Hermann Cohen and Walter Benjamin; ETHIK
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Robert Gibbs: Jurisprudence is the Organon of Ethics: Kant and Cohen on Ethics, Law, and ReligionPeter A. Schmid: Hermann Cohen's Theory of Virtue; David Novak: Hermann Cohen on State and Nation: A Contemporary Review; ASTHETIK; Andrea Poma: The Portrait in Hermann Cohen's Aesthetics; Marc de Launay: The Statue of Music in Hermann Cohen's Ästhetik; Ursula Renz: Critical Idealism and the Concept of Culture: Philosophy of Culture in Hermann Cohen and Ernst Cassirer; RELIGION; Arthur Hyman: Maimonidean Elements in Hermann Cohen's Philosophy of Religion
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Irene Kajon: Critical Idealism in Hermann Cohen's Writings on JudaismNorman Solomon: Cohen on Atonement, Purification and Repentance; Andrea Poma: Suffering and Non-Eschatological Messianism in Hermann Cohen; Contributors; Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402035968
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 64
    DDC: 410
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wortbildung
    Kurzfassung: This is the most comprehensive bookto date on word formation in terms of scope of topics, schools and theoretical positions.All contributions were written by the leading scholars in their respective areas.
    Kurzfassung: This volume traces the many strands of study in the field of word formation that have developed since the seminal work of Marchand and Lees in the 1960s. In mapping the state of the art, it avoids a biased approach by presenting different, but mutually complementary frameworks within which research into word formation has taken place. It covers the historical development of theories of word formation within generative grammar, and affords a solid introduction to the treatment of word formation in cognitive grammar, natural morphology, optimality theory, Lexeme Morpheme Base Morphology, onomasiological theory, and other recent frameworks. Each topic is presented by an expert who has contributed significantly to the field. In addition to surveying theoretical developments from both European and North American perspectives, it looks specifically at individual English word formation processes (derivation, compounding, conversion) and reviews some of the ways in which they have been analyzed since Marchand's comprehensive treatment nearly five decades ago.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Basic Terminology; Word-Formation and Phonology; Word-Formation and Inflectional Morphology; Word-Formation and Syntax; Hans Marchand and the Marchandeans; Chomsky's Remarks and the Transformationalist Hypothesis; The Lexicalist Approach to Word-Formation and the Notion of the Lexicon; Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology; Onomasiological Approach to Word-Formation; Cognitive Approach to Word-Formation; Word-Formation in Natural Morphology; Word-Formation in Optimality Theory; Productivity: Theories; Constraints on Productivity; Lexicalization and Institutionalization
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: English Word-Formation ProcessesThe Latest Trends In English Word-Formation
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 94
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032448
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 63
    DDC: 492.456
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Semantics ; Semitic Languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Hebräisch ; Morphosyntax ; Wortwurzel ; Hebräisch ; Morphosyntax ; Wortwurzel
    Kurzfassung: In-depth investigation of Hebrew verb morphology in light of cutting edge theories of morphology and lexical semantics An original theory about the semantic content of roots An account of how roots function in word-formation A wide empirical basis containing a complete corpus of verb-creating roots in Hebrew
    Kurzfassung: This book is simultaneously a theoretical study in morphosyntax and an in-depth empirical study of Hebrew. Based on Hebrew data, the book defends the status of the root as a lexical and phonological unit and argues that roots, rather than verbs or nouns, are the primitives of word formation. A central claim made throughout the book is the role of locality in word formation, teasing apart word formation from roots and word formation from existing words syntactically, semantically and phonologically. The book focuses on Hebrew, a language with rich verb morphology, where both roots and noun- and verb-creating morphology are morphologically transparent. The study of Hebrew verbs is based on a corpus of all Hebrew verb-creating roots, offering, for the first time, a survey of the full array of morpho-syntactic forms seen in the Hebrew verb. While the focus of this study is on how roots function in word-formation, a central chapter studies the information encoded by the Hebrew root, arguing for a special kind of open-ended value, bounded within the classes of meaning analyzed by lexical semanticists. The book is of wide interest to students of many branches of linguistics, including morphology, syntax and lexical semantics, as well as of to students Semitic languages.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Roots: Where Syntax, Morphology, and the Lexicon Meet; The Noun-Verb Asymmetry in Hebrew: When Are Patterns Obligatory?; The Contents of the Root: Multiple Contextualized Meaning in Hebrew; The Morphological Consequences of MCM: An Intermediate Summary; Roots Across Patterns in Hebrew; A Theory of Hebrew Verbal Morpho-Syntax; Roots in Word-Formation: The Root Hypothesis Revisited
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-281) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 95
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402033339
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. 2005 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 244
    Paralleltitel: Print version Turkish Studies in the History and Philosophy if Science
    DDC: 001.01 s
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy of Mind ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Türkei ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Kurzfassung: As an academic discipline, the philosophy and history of science in Turkey was marked by two historical events: Hans Reichenbach's immigrating to Turkey and taking a post between 1933 and 1938 at Istanbul University prior to his tenure at UCLA, and Aydin Sayili's establishing a chair in the history of science in 1952 after having become the first student to receive a Ph.D. under George Sarton at Harvard University. Since then, both disciplines have flourished in Turkey. The present book, which contains seventeen newly commissioned articles, aims to give a rich overview of the current state of research by Turkish philosophers and historians of science. Topics covered address issues in methodology, causation, and reduction, and include philosophy of logic and physics, philosophy of psychology and language, and Ottoman science studies. The book also contains an unpublished interview with Maria Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach's wife, which sheds new light on Reichenbach's academic and personal life in Istanbul and at UCLA.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 96
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402033780
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 18
    DDC: 610.92
    Schlagwort(e): Charleton, Walter ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Physicians Biography ; History, 17th Century Biography ; Philosophy Biography History ; Biografie ; Charleton, Walter 1620-1707
    Kurzfassung: Walter Charleton has been depicted as a natural philosopher whose intellectual career mirrored the intellectual ferment of the 'scientific revolution'. Examining three of his vernacular medical texts, this work considers his thoughts on anatomy, physiology and the methods by which he sought to understand the invisible processes of the body
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Rewriting Walter Charleton: Physick and Natural Philosophy; 'The Alembic of Our Pen': Charleton's Identity as a Physician; 'The Animal Oeconomy': Natural History (1659) in the Context of English Physiology; 'The Republick of Letters': Charleton's Identity in the Royal Society & College of Physicians; Enquiries Into Human Nature (1680): Charleton's Anatomy and Physiology After the Royal Society; Three Anatomic Lectures (1683): Ways of Knowing and the Anatomical Body; Conclusions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9781402033971
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 328
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Glycoproteins Congresses physiology ; Tarski, Alfred 1901-1983 ; Wahrheitstheorie ; Österreich ; Polen ; Analytische Philosophie ; Wahrheitstheorie ; Geschichte 1800-1933 ; Wahrheit
    Kurzfassung: This book offers a detailed study of the truth-bearers problem, that is, the question of which category of items the predicates 'true' and 'false' are predicated. The book has two dimensions: historical and systematic. Both focus around Tarski's semantic theory of truth. The author locates Tarski's ideas in a broad context of Austrian philosophy, in particular, Brentano's tradition. However, Bolzano and phenomenology (Husserl and Reinach) are also taken into account. The historical perspective is completed by showing how Tarski was rooted in Polish philosophical tradition originated with Twardowski and his version of Brentanism. The historical considerations are the basis for showing how the idea of truth-bearers as acts of judging was transformed into the theory of truth-bearers as sentences. In particular, the author analyses the way to nominalism in Polish philosophy, culminating in Lesniewski, Kotarbinski and Tarski. This book is indispensable for everybody interested in the evolution of Austrian philosophy from descriptive psychology to semantics. It is also a fundamental contribution toward a deeper understanding of the philosophical background of Tarski's theory of truth.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction: Alfred Tarski's Philosophical Background in the Context of His 1933 Definition of Truth; The Notion of the Truth Bearer; Descriptive Psychology: The Theory of Judgement as the Theory of Cognition and Knowledge; Judgement, Psychology, and Language; The Ontology of Judgement; Reism; The Objectivity of Truth; Ontologism, Abstract Objects and Nominalism; Brentanism and the Background of the Semantics of the Lvov-Warsaw School; Judgment, Belief, and Sentences: Remarks on the Truth Bearer in the Lvov-Warsaw School; Final Comments
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-233) and index , Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral), written in German under the title: Vom Urteil zum Satz. Das Wahrheitsträgerproblem von Bolzano zu Tarski , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 98
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402035098
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 245
    DDC: 501
    Schlagwort(e): Darwin, Charles ; Humanities ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Psychology ; Science History ; Creativity ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Darwin, Charles 1809-1882 ; Kreativität ; Wissenschaft
    Kurzfassung: Creativity, Psychology, and the History of Science offers for the first time a comprehensive overview of the oeuvre of Howard E. Gruber, who is noted for his contributions both to the psychology of creativity and to the history of science. The present book includes papers from a wide range of topics. In the contributions to creativity research, Gruber proposes his key ideas for studying creative work. Gruber focuses on how the thinking, motivation and affect of extraordinarily creative individuals evolve and how they interact over long periods of time. Gruber's approach bridges many disciplines and subdisciplines in psychology and beyond, several of which are represented in the present volume: cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, history of science, aesthetics, and politics. The volume thus presents a unique and comprehensive contribution to our understanding of the creative process. Many of Gruber's papers have not previously been easily accessible, they are presented here in thoroughly revised form.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction; Introduction: A Life with a Purpose; The Creative Person as a Whole; The Case Study That Started It All: Charles Darwin; Facets of the Creative Process: Insight, Point of View and Repetition; Modalities; Tracking The Ordinary Course of Development; Coping with the Extraordinary; Creativity in the Moral Domain; Peace and Further Conditions for Human Welfare
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [487]-517) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402019869
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 1052 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The twenty-eight essays in this Handbook, all by leading experts in the field, provide the most extensive treatment of various epistemological problems, supplemented by a historical account of this field. The entries are self-contained and substantial contributions to topics such as the sources of knowledge and belief, knowledge acquisition, and truth and justification. There are extensive essays on knowledge in specific fields: the sciences, mathematics, the humanities and the social sciences, religion, and language. Special attention is paid to current discussions on evolutionary epistemology, relativism, the relation between epistemology and cognitive science, sociology of knowledge, epistemic logic, knowledge and art, and feminist epistemology. This collection is a must-have for anybody interested in human knowledge, and its fortunes and misfortunes
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401006903
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 74
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Semantics ; Syntax. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Predicates and their Subjects is an in-depth study of the syntax-semantics interface focusing on the structure of the subject-predicate relation. Starting from where the author's 1983 dissertation left off, the book argues that there is syntactic constraint that clauses (small and tensed) are constructed out of a one-place unsaturated expression, the predicate, which must be applied to a syntactic argument, its subject. The author shows that this predication relation cannot be reduced to a thematic relation or a projection of argument structure, but must be a purely syntactic constraint. Chapters in the book show how the syntactic predication relation is semantically interpreted, and how the predication relation explains constraints on DP-raising and on the distribution of pleonastics in English. The second half of the book extends the theory of predication to cover copular constructions; it includes an account of the structure of small clauses in Hebrew, of the use of `be' in predicative and identity sentences in English, and concludes with a study of the meaning of the verb `be'
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