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  • Kiefer, F.  (3)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (3)
  • Linguistics  (3)
  • Artificial intelligence
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401017077
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (251p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 10
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Semantics and Lexicography: Towards a New Type of Unilingual Dictionary -- Arguments and Predicates in the Logico-Semantic Structure of Utterances -- I. Linguistic Indices as Arguments of Type 1 -- II. Arguments of Type 2 -- III. Arguments of Type 3 -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- Remarks on Definitions in Natural Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. On the Syntactic Form and the Semantic Interpretation of Definitions -- 3. Lexical Relatedness of Grammars -- 4. Lexical Aspects and Ostensive Definitions -- 5. Partial and Complete Definitions -- 6. Redundant Definitions, Linguistic and Encyclopedic Knowledge -- 7. Generic Sentences and Completing Definitions -- Generative Semantics vs. Deep Syntax -- Lexis — Affirmation — Négation: Étude Fondée Sur Les Classes -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Univers de départ -- 2. Les lexis -- 3. Parcours, extraction et fléchage -- 4. Modalités du type M1 (assertion) -- 5. Schéma résumant les rélations entre les ensembles introduits aux paragraphes précédents -- Bibliographie -- Types of Lexical Information -- 0. The Lexicon -- 1. The Speech Act -- 2. Elementary Semantic Properties of Verbs -- 3. Predicate Structure -- 4. Case Structure -- 5. Surface Realization of Arguments -- 6. Meaning vs. Presupposition -- 7. Evaluative and Orientative Features -- 8. Functional Shift -- 9. Deep-Structure Acceptability -- 10. Government -- 11. Transformationally Introduced Predicators -- 12. Subject and Object -- 13. Sample Lexical Entries -- Remarks on Selectional Restrictions and Presuppositions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chomskian Framework and McCawley’s Criticism -- 3. McCawley’s Treatment of Selectional Restrictions and Presupposition -- 4. Criticism against McCawley’s Claim, 1; Gender Agreement in the General Case of Pronominalization -- 5. Criticism against McCawley’s Claim, 2; Gender Agreement in French -- 6. An Alternative Proposal Indicated -- 7. Selectional Feature as Structural Change of a Transformation -- 8. Relativization and Pronominalization as Feature Agreement Transformation -- 9. Transformations as Partial Well-Formedness Conditions -- 10. Gender Agreement; Grammatical and Natural Gender -- 11. Concluding Remarks -- Evidence for Deep Structure Constraints in Syntax -- 0. The Problem -- 1. The Unlike-Subject Constraint in English -- 2. The Like-Subject Constraint in Serbo-Croatian -- On the Structural Analysis and Typology of Poetic Images -- 0. Introduction -- 1. On the Problems of Poetic Images in General -- 2. The Definition and Analysis of Images. The Typology of Images -- 3. The Analysis of Single Images -- 4. The Linguistic Analysis of the “Image Field” of a Work -- 5. Summary -- L’Ordre des Mots et la Sémantique -- Bibliographie -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: In the last decade a profound change has occurred in linguistic science. Not only have old problems been tackled from an entirely new point of view but also quite a few new fields of linguistic research have been opened. The common characteristic of the majority of the theories and methods developed recently is the search for a more adequate description of language. Adequacy does not mean simply that the theory must conform to the facts. It must also meet the general requirements of present-day theories: coherence, clear-cut notions, rigor of presentation. It has also become abundantly clear that linguistic research cannot be content with the registration and classification of linguistic phenomena. In one way or another linguistics must try to explain the deep-seated regularities in language which in general do not appear on the surface in some straightforward way. Therefore, we find the attribute 'deep' very often in contemporary linguistic literature. Linguistic theories seek an explanation for the observed facts in terms of a system of hypotheses about the functioning of language. As research proceeds these will undergo essential changes. Some of them will be waived, others com­ plemented. The papers of the present volume follow these general principles of linguistic theory though they may differ from each other in the way of presentation considerably. Some of the papers make use of the framework of transformational-generative grammar (e. g. Kuroda; Perlmutter), others approach the pertinent problem from a different angle (e. g. Dupraz and Rouault; Apresyan, Mel'cuk, and Zolkovski).
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025034
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (704p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 13
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics
    Kurzfassung: The Ethic Dative in German -- Maximi Planudis in Memoriam -- Sets of Implications as the Interpretative Component of a Grammar -- Generative Grammar and European Linguistics -- Über den Begriff und die Begründung einer allgemeinen Sprachlehre. Einige Bemerkungen zum III. Abschnitt von J. S. Vaters Versuch einer allgemeinen Sprachlehre (1801) -- Some Underlying Structures in Swahili -- Two Cases of Exceptional Rule Ordering -- ‘Noch’ and ‘Schon’ and their Presuppositions -- French peu and un peu. A Semantic Study -- On Grammatical Reference -- On Presuppositions -- Reduction in Dutch Measure Phrase Sentences -- Über einige Schwierigkeiten beim postulieren einer ‘Textgrammatik’ -- On the Possessive Forms of the Hungarian Noun -- A Generative Account of the ‘Category of State’ in Russian -- On the Semantic Treatment of Predicative Expressions -- Government Structure Types of the Verbs of Saying and Action Situations -- Some Problems Connected with the Translation of Relative Clauses into Predicate Calculus -- How to Deal with Syntactic Irregularities: Conditions on Transformations or Perceptual Strategies? -- Reflexive versus Nonreflexive Pronominalization in Modern Russian and other Slavic Languages. A Conflict Between Domains of Rule Application -- Zum Problem der grammatisch relevanten Identität -- The Comparative -- Some Semantic Ambiguities Related to ‘Tense Category’ -- Temporal Prepositions as Quantifiers -- In Search of a Semantic Model of Time and Space -- Vergleichssätze -- Die Flexion der Verben und das Ablautsystem.
    Kurzfassung: The present volume is intended to give an overall picture of research in pro­ gress in the field of generative grammar in various parts of Europe. The term 'generative grammar' must, however, be understood here rather broadly. What seemed to be an easily definable technical term several years ago is becoming more and more vague and imprecise. Research in generative gram­ mar is carried on according to rather diversified methodological principles and being a generative grammarian is often more a matter of confession than any adherence to the common line of methodology which can be traced back to the conception of grammatical description initiated by Noam Chomsky. The direct or indirect influence of this conception is, however, clearly recog­ nizable in most of the papers of this volume. The most difficult thing was, naturally enough, to select appropriate papers in the realm of semantics. Apart from the special trend in generative grammar referred to as 'generative semantics' (though here, too, we might ponder on what 'generative' really means) the term 'generative' is hardly employed in semantics. The search for semantic primes, the application of the methods of mathematical logic, the inquiry into the intricate relationships between syntax and semantics and the utilization of syntactic information in semantics are perhaps the most charac­ teristic traits of contemporary semantics. All of this, of course, is at no variance with the principles of generative grammar, on the contrary, most of it has been made possible through the achievements of generative grammar.
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025362
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 438 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 18
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Balto-Slavic linguistic unity.
    Kurzfassung: The Typology of Morphological and Lexical Causatives -- Towards a Linguistic ‘Meaning?Text’ Model -- Passive Contructions. (Definition, Calculus, Typology, Meaning) -- Derivational Structure of the Russian Lexicon -- On Deep Situations and Sentence Patterns -- Presuppositions and the Ordering of Messages -- Some Remarks on Comparative and Superlative Sentences in Estonian -- On the Logical Analysis of Russian Quantifier Adjectives -- Synonymy and Synonyms -- An Attempt at the Formal Definition of Case and Gender of the Noun -- On Models for a Syntax with Explicitly Differentiated Elements (D-Syntax) -- The Genotype Language and Formal Semantics -- Valency-Junction-Emphasis Relations as a Language for Text Description -- Tentative Lexicographic Definitions for a Group of Russian Words Denoting Emotions -- Materials for an Explanatory Combinatory Dictionary of Modern Russian.
    Kurzfassung: o. Theoretical linguistics is a term not very often used in Soviet Linguistics. The terms 'structural linguistics', 'mathematical linguistics', 'applied lin­ guistics' (which, incidentally, has another meaning here than in other parts of the world) all may cover theoretical work in linguistics. In older days serious theoretical work was done under the heading 'machine translation'. Very often the need for a special term for theoretically oriented studies in linguistics does not even arise. Does this mean that there is no real theoretical linguistics in the Soviet Union? This would be, of course, a completely false conclusion. Some lin­ guists tend to identify theoretical linguistics with generative grammar. Though it might be true - and I am myself very much inclined to subscribe to this view - that generative grammar has been the most fruitful linguistic theory up to now, this does not justify, however, the above identification. Incidentally, as we shall see later on, generative grammar has not been left unnoticed in the Soviet Union either. There are different trends within theo­ retical linguistics, one of which is generative grammar. While generative grammar (though one can worry about the content of this notion for many. internal and external reasons) seems to be the mean theoretical trend in the United States and in Western Europe, it represents only one of the main trends in Soviet linguistics.
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