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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789402408812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 1459 p. 264 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Social Sciences
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Handbook of linguistic annotation ; Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Database management ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Application software ; Computational linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computerlinguistik ; Annotation
    Abstract: This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers. Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one
    Abstract: Part One -- Introduction -- Designing annotation schemes: from theory to model -- Designing Annotation schemes: from model to representation -- Community standards -- Creating annotations -- Using annotations -- Part Two: Case Studies -- General Corpora -- Treebanks -- Semantic annotation -- Discourse level annotation -- Speech (transcribed) -- Biomedical annotations
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : China Machine Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9787111555155 , 7111555155
    Language: English , Chinese
    Pages: 1 online resource (310 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 创建读者自己的面向机器学习的自然语言训练语料库。无论是以英文、中文,还是以其他任何自然语言为处理对象,这本实践型专著都可以引导读者完成整个标注的开发:向训练语料库中添加元数据信息以帮助机器学习算法更有效地工作。学习本书时不需要读者具备任何编程或语言学经验。 通过各步骤的详细示例,可以学习到MATTER标注开发过程如何帮助读者建模、标注、训练、测试、评价和修改训练语料库。同时,读者还可以亲自实践一个实际的标注项目,了解其完整流程。 在收集数据集(语料库)前确定清晰的标注目标。 学习用于分析语料库语言内容的工具。 为标注项目建立模型和规格说明。 从基本的XML到语言标注框架,考查各种标注格式。 创建可用于训练和测试机器学习算法的黄金标准语料库。 选择用于处理标注数据的机器学习算法。 评价测试结果并修改标注任务。 学习使用轻量级软件来标注文本及审核标注结果。
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 1, 2017) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401119726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Computational linguistics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- I: Fundamentals of Lexical Structure -- 2.X-Bar Semantics -- 3.The Syntax of Metaphorical Semantic Roles -- 4.Levels of Lexical Representation -- 5.Case Marking and the Semantics of Mental Verbs -- 6.Type Coercion and Lexical Selection -- II: Mapping from Lexical Semantics to Syntax -- 7.Nominalization and Predicative Prepositional Phrases -- 8.Adjectives, Nominals, and the Status of Arguments -- 9.Unaccusativity in Dutch: Integrating Syntax and Lexical Semantics -- 10.Verbs in Depictives and Resultatives -- 11.Explicit Syntax in the Lexicon:the Representation of Nominalizations -- III: Computational Models of Lexical Knowledge -- 12.Lexical Structure and Conceptual Structures -- 13.Lexical Semantic Constraints -- 14.Lexical and Conceptual Structures for Knowledge Based Translation -- 15.Models for Lexical Knowledge Bases -- 16.Providing Machine Tractable Dictionary Tools -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The goal of this book is to integrate the research being carried out in the field of lexical semantics in linguistics with the work on knowledge representation and lexicon design in computational linguistics. Rarely do these two camps meet and discuss the demands and concerns of each other's fields. Therefore, this book is interesting in that it provides a stimulating and unique discussion between the computational perspective of lexical meaning and the concerns of the linguist for the semantic description of lexical items in the context of syntactic descriptions. This book grew out of the papers presented at a workshop held at Brandeis University in April, 1988, funded by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence. The entire workshop as well as the discussion periods accom­ panying each talk were recorded. Once complete copies of each paper were available, they were distributed to participants, who were asked to provide written comments on the texts for review purposes. VII JAMES PUSTEJOVSKY 1. INTRODUCTION There is currently a growing interest in the content of lexical entries from a theoretical perspective as well as a growing need to understand the organization of the lexicon from a computational view. This volume attempts to define the directions that need to be taken in order to achieve the goal of a coherent theory of lexical organization.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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