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  • Online Resource  (1,547)
  • 2005-2009  (1,547)
  • Economics  (1,547)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9780230250666 , 0230250661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 13 figures, 4.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Edition: Palgrave connect. Economics and Finance collection
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 302.35
    Keywords: Communication ; Values ; Social institutions Economic aspects ; Institutional economics ; Sociology ; Economics ; Society ; Sociology, bicssc ; Economics, bicssc ; Society, ukslc ; Sociology, thema ; Economics, thema
    Abstract: List of Tables, Figures, Boxes Preface Introduction Economy & Society (How do they relate?) Institutions, Institutional Change and Language Structure, Agency and the Role of Values in Processes of Institutional Change Silent Trade Knowledge Coordination and Development via Market, Hierarchy and Gift Exchange Making Knowledge Work in Organizations Path Dependence in Organization Consumption of Symbolic Goods Law & Economics: bankruptcy law Conclusion References Index
    Abstract: Institutions are man-made entities and their workings, as well as the changes they may undergo, is fundamentally imbued in language and communication. In analysing the role of socio-cultural values, this book argues that communication and language is inseparable from both the economy and a meaningful understanding of insitutions, Institutions are man-made entities and their workings, the changes they undergo, as well as the way they need to be understood, is fundamentally imbued in language and communication. Through these social interactions, distinctions are created, emphases are placed and connections and belongings emerge. This book analyses the roles of socio-cultural values in the processes of institutional change. It examines the highly symbolic nature of communication and language and considers how it affects relations within the economy, between the market and society and how it contributes to welfare and well-being. This greatly debated topic dates back to the theoretical considerations of social order in which Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith and David Hume were among the most important early contributors. Wilfred Dolfsma provides a theoretical, methodological and empirical study, which argues that communication and language are inseparable from both the economy as well as from a meaningful understanding of institutions and institutional change
    Abstract: Electronic book text. - Originally published in: 2009
    Note: Adobe Ebook Reader.
    URL: Cover
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hamburg : Hamburg University Press
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; The environment
    Abstract: The International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development[IAASTD] adopted in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2008, is the result of a unique cooperative effort by UN and other international organizations, 60 governments and more than 400 scientists from all over the world.A Global Report and five Regional Reports describe the main problems facing agriculture, food, the environment and human health today and show how the urgent need for a turnaround towards sustainable, environmentally and socially equitable development and food security for a growing world population can be achieved in practice. The synthesis report now published in German summarizes the central analyses and options
    Note: German
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780822391081
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Science and cultural theory
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aslanbeigui, Nahid, 1954 - The provocative Joan Robinson
    DDC: 330.15/6092
    Keywords: Robinson, Joan ; Robinson, Joan ; Ökonomen ; Großbritannien ; Grenznutzentheorie ; Keynesianismus ; Theorie ; Neoclassical school of economics ; Keynesian economics ; Economists ; Economics ; Business & Economics / Economic History ; Electronic books ; Biographie ; Robinson, Joan 1903-1983 ; Cambridge ; Philosophenschule ; Keynessche Theorie
    Abstract: One of the most original and prolific economists of the twentieth century, Joan Robinson (1903-83) is widely regarded as the most important woman in the history of economic thought. Robinson studied economics at Cambridge University, where she made a career that lasted some fifty years. She was an unlikely candidate for success at Cambridge. A young woman in 1930 in a university dominated by men, she succeeded despite not having a remarkable academic record, a college fellowship, significant publications, or a powerful patron. In The Provocative Joan Robinson, Nahid Aslanbeigui and Guy Oakes trace the strategies and tactics Robinson used to create her professional identity as a Cambridge economist in the 1930s, examining how she recruited mentors and advocates, carefully defined her objectives, and deftly pursued and exploited opportunities
    Description / Table of Contents: Collage with woman in foreground -- The improbable theoretician -- Excursus: Robinson and Kahn -- The making of the economics of imperfect competition -- Becoming a Keynesian -- Who is Joan Robinson?
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (View this content on Open Research Library)
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Springer New York
    ISBN: 9781441900661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. Powell, Jason The Welfare State in post-industrial society
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Economics ; Political science ; Sociology ; Migration ; Social Sciences ; Public welfare ; Welfare state ; Globalization ; Social aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wohlfahrtsstaat
    URL: Cover
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    ISBN: 9783642001109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Business and Economics Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Economics ; Business planning ; Social sciences ; Organisation ; Soziales System ; Organisationsstruktur ; Organisationsverhalten ; Kybernetik-orientierte Programmierung ; Organisationswandel ; Selbstorganisation ; Organisationstheorie
    Abstract: What are organizations? What is their point? How should one design successful organizations? Although these questions have been treated by many authors in many different ways, this book offers a new perspective. In a nutshell, the book combines cybernetics, social systems theory and Aristotle’s ethics to describe organizations as "social systems conducting experiments with their survival" and to formulate principles for their design. In Part I, the authors argue that ‘experimenting’ and ‘social interaction’ are key features of organizations. In order to survive, organizations continuously have to experiment with goals, infrastructures and transformation processes and this experiment is an inherently social activity. In Part II principles are given guiding the design of organizational infrastructures. In Part III Aristotle’s ethics, cybernetics and social systems theory are instrumental to describe and derive design principles required for social responsibility.
    Description / Table of Contents: 186131_1_En_FM1_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_1_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_2_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_3_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_4_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_5_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_6_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_7_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_8_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_9_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_10_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_11_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf; 186131_1_En_12_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf
    Note: Literaturangaben , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9780230239029 , 9780230251243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 204 p)
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Financial Regulation after the Global Recession
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    Keywords: Banks and banking State supervision ; Finance ; Macroeconomics ; International economics ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Macroeconomics ; International economics ; Economics ; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics ; International Economics ; Banking ; Finance, general ; Kapitalmarkt ; Wertpapiermarkt ; Bank ; Regulierung
    Abstract: The failure on the part of Banks to enforce rigorous self regulation has precipitated a deep and prolonged global recession. This book provides a comprehensive review of principles, institutions and experience of financial regulation, to help illustrate current regulatory proposals
    Abstract: The failure on the part of Banks to enforce rigorous self regulation has precipitated a deep and prolonged global recession. This book provides a comprehensive review of principles, institutions and experience of financial regulation, to help illustrate current regulatory proposals
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Abbreviations; Acknowledgments; Introduction, Scope, and Content; 1 Government Intervention and Finance; 2 Bank Regulation; 3 Bank Concentration and Central Banks; 4 Universal Banking, Governance, and Compensation; 5 Regulation of Securities and Capital Markets; 6 Regulation and Policy in the Global Recession; Conclusion; Notes; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0230218202 , 0230218210 , 9780230218208 , 9780230218215
    Language: English
    Pages: XIII, 354 S. , 22cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Che Guevara : The Economics of Revolution
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    Keywords: Economic history ; Political theory ; Political economy ; Latin America Politics and government ; Political science ; Economics
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 331 - 347
    Abstract: Che Guevara remains an iconic figure, four decades after his death. Yet his most significant contribution - his work as a member of the Cuban government - is rarely discussed. This book explores his impact on Cuba's economy, through fascinating new archival material and interviews
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; Acknowledgements; Foreword; List of Acronyms and Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 2 Revolutionary Consolidation and the Emergence of the BFS; 3 The Great Debate; 4 Education, Training and Salaries; 5 Administrative Control, Supervision and Investment; 6 Collectivising Production and Workers' Participation; 7 Science and Technology; 8 Consciousness and Psychology; 9 Critique of the Soviet Manual of Political Economy; 10 Guevara's Legacy in Cuba; Appendix 1: Ministry of Industries Organigram; Appendix 2: Living to Tell - Short Biographies of the Principal Interviewees; Notes
    Description / Table of Contents: BibliographyIndex
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0230224423 , 9780230224421
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 311 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Cost Systems Design
    Keywords: Finance ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Management ; Computers ; Economics ; Management science ; Design ; Kostenrechnung ; Unternehmen
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 307 - 308
    Abstract: Starting from the economic modelling of the organization, this innovative book proposes a mapping of all types (conventional and ABC) of cost systems currently in use. Design and relevance are formalized using a short list of parameters. The theoretical proposition is illustrated, through 19 systems built on a unique database
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Part I: Theoretical Approach; Part II: Presentation of the Cost Systems Families; Bibliography; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-308) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    Language: English
    Pages: XIX, 242 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Exchange rates, currency crisis and monetary cooperation in Asia
    Keywords: Finance ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Banks and banking ; Economics ; Management science ; Macroeconomics ; Asien ; Wechselkurs ; Währungskrise ; Geldpolitik
    Abstract: Literaturangaben
    Abstract: The Asian crisis of 1997-98 and its aftermath quickly shifted attention to and interest in concerns about currency crises and exchange rate movements in an era of rapid global capital flows. Given the high degree of economic openness in the region and its consequent importance of trade and investment, the Asian economies are especially susceptible to shifts in global capital flows and sharp exchange rate movements. While many Asian economies have taken a number of steps individually to fortify themselves against future external shocks, they have, as a group, simultaneously initiated a slow but steady process of enhancing monetary and financial cooperation. Since the region holds the largest reserves in the world and consequently plays a significant role in the global macroeconomic imbalances, Asian monetary and financial issues have clearly taken on global importance. The collection of chapters in this volume therefore attempts to explore various aspects of monetary, exchange rate and financial issues in Asia
    Description / Table of Contents: Managing the liquidity effects of reserve stockpiling in emerging Asia / co-authored with Alice Y. Ouyang and Thomas D. WillettWhat is the impact of exchange rate changes on inflation in Asia? / co-authored with Amit Ghosh -- A closer examination of exchange rate pass-through in Korea and Thailand / co-authored with Amit Ghosh -- Are crisis-induced devaluations contractionary? If so, why? / co-authored with Shen Chung-Hua -- Financial crisis, capital outflows and monetary policy responses : simple analytics with reference to East Asia / Ramkishen S. Rajan -- Understanding currency crises and monetary policy responses in emerging economies / co-authored with Makarand Parulkar -- How best to manage new-style currency crises? / Ramkishen S. Rajan -- Can high reserves offset weak fundamentals? / co-authored with Jie Li -- Examining the case for an Asian reserve pool / co-authored with Reza Siregar and Graham Bird -- Taking stock of monetary and financial cooperation in Asia / Ramkishen S. Rajan -- Is there a role for an Asian currency unit? / co-authored with Victor Pontines.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9780230223820
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIV, 439 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Economic Systems Analysis and Policies : Explaining Global Differences, Transitions and Developments
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    Keywords: Economics ; Development economics ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 424 - 432
    Abstract: The book brings together economic systems and development economics, offering theoretical foundations and empirical evidence. It examines competition, technology, governance, public goods, income transfers, transition, performance, convergence and displacement in a range of countries worldwide
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Illustrations; List of Abbreviations; Preface; 1 Analytical Framework for Understanding Economic Systems; 2 Elaborations on the Analytical Framework and Its Application; 3 The Firm Intensive System: Economic Challenges and Agent Responses in US, EU, Japan; 4 The Firm Intensive System: Polity Functioning and National Accommodations in US, EU, Japan; 5 The State Intensive System: Past Polity of the Soviet Union and Allied Countries; 6 The State Intensive System: Economic Transitions; 7 Economic Systems in the Developing World: Regional Differences
    Description / Table of Contents: 8 Economic Systems in the Developing World: Country Profiles9 Comparative Performance of Countries Relating to Different Economic Systems: A Social Accounting Approach; 10 Long-Range Convergence and Displacements in Economic Development and Interactions between Economic Systems; Appendices; Notes; References; Author Index; Subject Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0230209467 , 9780230209466
    Language: English
    Pages: XIII, 201 S. , Ill., graph. Darst , 24 cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions
    Parallel Title: Print version Hong Kong SAR's monetary and exchange rate challenges
    Keywords: Finance ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Corporations Finance ; Banks and banking ; Economics ; Management science ; Macroeconomics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hongkong ; Währungspolitik ; Geschichte 1912-2007
    Abstract: Literaturangaben
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 189 - 196
    Abstract: Hong Kong SAR is now highly unusual as a large economy running a currency board system that pegs the Hong Kong Dollar to the US Dollar. While usually credited with providing stability and prosperity for Hong Kong, the system has become controversial since the decline of the US Dollar since 2002 and the adoption of a flexible basket peg system for the Renminbi in 2005. Why was this system adopted in the first place? Why did Hong Kong go back to a currency board in 1983 after a decade of floating exchange rates? This volume explores the origins and persistence of the system in the context of the long term monetary integration with mainland China and presents the viewpoint of several of those involved in the restoration of the currency board system in 1983. It also explains the changes made since the 1990s and looks to Hong Kong's future prospects
    Description / Table of Contents: PART I: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVESHong Kong's Monetary Challenges in Historical Perspective / C.R. Schenk -- Historical Dimensions of the Hong Kong-Guangdong Financial & Monetary Links:Three Cases in Politico-Economic Interactive Dynamics, 1912-1935 / M.K. Chan -- Banking and Exchange Rate Relations Between Hong Kong and Mainland China 1965-1975 / C.R. Schenk -- PART II: THE CURRENCY BOARD -- Laissez-faire's Limitations: The Evolution of Monetary Policy in Hong Kong, 1935-80 / L. Goodstadt -- Rules Versus Discretion in Managing the Hong Kong Dollar, 1983-2007 / T. Latter -- The Origin and the Evolution of Hong Kong's Currency Board I / J. Greenwood -- The Origin and Evolution of Hong Kong's Currency Board II / J. Yam -- PART III: THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTRE -- Hong Kong's Transformation as a Financial Centre / D.R. Meyer.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-196) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0230222153 , 9780230222151
    Language: English
    Pages: XVIII, 755 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 4. ed., 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Finance and capital markets
    Parallel Title: Print version Derivatives and Internal Models
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    Keywords: Risk management ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Corporations Finance ; Investment banking ; Securities ; Finance ; Capital market ; Economics ; Management science ; Finanzinstrument ; Hedging ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 739 - 744
    Abstract: This book provides a thorough introduction to pricing and risk management of modern financial instruments formulated in precise mathematical language, covering all relevant topics with such a depth of detail that readers are enabled to literally develop their own pricing and risk tools. Accompanying website with hundreds of real world examples
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Preface; Part I: Fundamentals; Part II: Methods; Part III: Instruments; Part IV: Risk; Part V: Portfolios; Part VI: Market Data; Appendix A: Probability and Statistics; Bibliography ; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Previous ed.: 2004 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 1282446185 , 0230546994 , 9781282446182 , 9780230242173 , 9780230546998
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIV, 265 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: IEA Conference volume 145
    Parallel Title: Print version Corruption, development and institutional design
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    Keywords: Economic policy Congresses ; Economics Congresses ; Macroeconomics ; International economics ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Macroeconomics ; International economics ; Economic policy ; Economics ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Economic Systems ; International Economics ; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics ; Regional/Spatial Science ; Economic Policy ; Konferenzschrift 2005 ; Korruption ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: Literaturangaben
    Abstract: With the end of the Cold War at the end of the twentieth century, the post-socialist transition in Central and Eastern Europe, China and Vietnam, the impressive growth of India, and the rapid spread of globalization, today's world is vastly different from that of two or three decades ago. Many of these changes are closely related to the concerns of economics and, in particular, institutional economics, which has been brought to the forefront due to the analysis of institutions in transition economies, and the realisation of how large a part they play in a successful market economy. With the aim of providing a comprehensive analysis of institutions, and of the global economy more generally, this volume explores systems of institutions, the interactions between institutions, and the effect that corruption can have on them. There is also an examination of the impact of immigration, a look at developments in behavioural economics, and an exploration of the links between democratic progress and economic growth. This volume brings together a wide range of scholars from around the world and provides a comprehensive overview of recent trends in economics, as well as explaining how economics plays a crucial part in understanding and analysing important changes taking place internationally. With a variety of contributions focusing on institutions, development and corruption, this volume is essential reading for all those interested in examining the part which economic institutions play in transition, and for those wanting to place the modern world in a wider economic context
    Description / Table of Contents: Electoral Rules and Constitutional Structures as Constraints on Corruption / J. Kunicova and S. Rose-AckermanState Capture from Yeltsin to Putin / E. Zhuravskaya and E. Iakovlev -- Democracy for Better Governance and Higher Economic Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Region? / M.K. Nabli -- Distance to the Efficiency Frontier and Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers / K. Sabirianova, J. Svejnar and K. Terrell -- A Portrait of the Chinese Entrepreneur / G. Roland -- The Brain Drain, Educated Unemployment, Human Capital Formation and Economic Betterment / C.S. Fan and O. Stark -- On an Optimal Selective Migration Policy when Information is Asymmetric and Incentives Count / A. Casarico, O. Stark and S. Uebelmesser -- International Migration, Human Capital Formation and the Setting of Migration Control Policies: Mapping the Gains / A. Casarico, C. Devillanova, O. Stark and S. Uebelmesser -- A Gain with a Drain? Evidence from Rural Mexico on the New Economics of the Brain Drain / S. Boucher, O. Stark and J.E. Taylor -- Redesigning Public Utilities: The Key Role of Micro-Institutions / C. Menard -- Does Regulation and Institutional Design Matter for Infrastructure Sector Performance? / L. Andres, J.L. Guasch and S. Straub -- Institutional Design and Energy Reform in the UK / R. Green.
    Note: Papers from the Fourteenth World Congress of the International Economic Association held in Marrakech from August 29 to September 2, 2005 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 291 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions
    Parallel Title: Print version British and German banking strategies
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    Keywords: Business ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Economics ; Management science ; Großbritannien ; Deutschland ; Management ; Bank ; Großbritannien ; Bank ; Strategisches Management ; Deutschland ; Europäische Union ; Währungsunion
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 245 - 285
    Abstract: The author investigates the strategies of eight publicly listed banks in Britain and Germany in the context of European financial integration. This book fills the gap which has emerged following ample research into the European banking sector as an aggregate and the few case studies of specific German and British banks. Using a multiple longitudinal cross-country case study approach, this book recognizes the interdependence of the macro and micro levels of a financial system and offers insights into the macro themes that condition banking strategies and the microeconomics of banking. Evidence is provided that banks which pursued a defensive strategy and accepted the premise of a coherent national financial system fared better than those which attempted to break out of a coherent financial system in order to embrace new business opportunities which were not compatible with the prevailing system. By reviewing past successes and failures in the form of case studies, this work is also a reminder that banks might suffer from institutional memory loss, which makes them prone to repeat the same mistakes
    Description / Table of Contents: Setting the SceneWhat is a Bank? -- Corporate strategy Analysis and Applicability to the Banking Sector -- British and German Banking: Case Studies -- The Royal Bank of Scotland plc -- Deutsche Bank AG -- HSBC Holdings plc -- Commerzbank AG -- Barclays plc -- HVB Group AG/ Bayerische Vereinsbank AG -- Lloyds TSB plc -- Dresdner Bank AG.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-285) and index
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 258 S. , graph. Darst , 23cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Finance for a better world
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    Keywords: Business ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Business ethics ; Finance ; Economics ; Management science ; Kreditwesen ; Kreditmarkt ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Soziale Verantwortung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kreditwesen ; Kreditmarkt ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Soziale Verantwortung
    Abstract: Literaturangaben
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of current advances regarding the integration of sustainability in the financial sector. Its originality lies in the fact that it does not focus exclusively on a particular aspect of this emerging trend, but instead, presents various illustrations - for instance in the fields of SRI, sustainable banking or innovative investments - of what can be considered as the beginning of a paradigm shift in global finance. Indeed, the different contributions show that the still-dominant logic of financial markets and institutions - the search for short-term profits and the maximization of shareholder value - is increasingly questioned by alternative views and practices, which can be observed in a number of activities and countries. Written by academics and practitioners, this forward-looking book suggests that a change in mindsets and behaviors could open new paths for financial actors in the future - and even in the present, starting here and now
    Description / Table of Contents: Notes on the ContributorsIntroduction -- PART I: MICROFINANCE AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT: EVOLUTION AND IMPACT ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Social Responsibility / I. Guerin, M. Roesch & J-M. Servet -- Explaining the Take-Off of Socially Responsible Investment / P. Arena -- Socially Responsible Investment: Global Convergence or Local Divergence? / C. Louche -- The Use of Shareholder Proposals to Address Corporate Human Rights Performance / A. Kanzer -- PART II: ADOPTING A SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVE IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS -- Sustainable Banking: The Banco Real Model / L. Johnson & C. Scholten -- Insurers' Corporate Responsibility Policies: A Response to the Industry's Bad Image? / H-C.de Bettignies, F. Lepineux & C.K. Tan -- The Relative Valuation of Socially Responsible Firms: An Exploratory Study / A. Fatemi, I. Fooladi & D. Wheeler -- Building the Case for Long-Term Investing in Stock Markets: Breaking Free from the Short-Term Measurement Dilemma / S. Lydenberg -- PART III: IS A PARADIGM SHIFT UNDERWAY? THREE PIONEERING REFLECTIONS -- Financing Agriculture in Developing Countries: Governance Models Promoting Sustainability / S. Morvant-Roux -- Innovative Investments for Sustainability: Solutions for the 21st Century / A. White -- Financialization: Limits and Ways Out / P. Dembinski & F. Vigano -- Conclusion: Manifesto of the Observatoir de la Finance -- References -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 171 S. , graph. Darst , 22cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Margins of error in accounting
    Keywords: Accounting ; Finance ; Bookkeeping ; Economics ; Management science ; Buchführung ; Fehler ; Bibliografie
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 155 - 158
    Abstract: This original and readable book by an acknowledged expert discusses four main reasons why published company accounts cannot be completely 'accurate': the 'interim-ness' of annual accounts; the growing use of hypothetical current value estimates; the impact of cumulative inflation on financial statements using money as the unit of account; and creative accounting by managers. The book attempts to quantify the extent of these errors wherever possible - some of them are very large indeed. There is also a chapter on spurious accuracy, why it persists and why it matters
    Description / Table of Contents: Accounting rulesInputs and outputs -- Is too much expected of accounts? -- Quantifying margins of error -- Causes and types of error -- Simple mistakes -- PART II: THE INTERIM-NESS OF ACCOUNTS -- Introduction -- Fixed assets -- tangible -- Depreciation -- General -- Different methods -- Different assumptions about life and residual value -- Capitalising interest -- Current assets -- Stocks and work in progress -- Long-term contracts -- Stocks -- Trade debtors -- Liabilities -- Current -- Longer-term -- Sales revenue -- Revenue investments -- Research and development -- Staff training -- Advertising -- Taxation -- Current -- Deferred tax -- Conclusions -- PART III: BASIS OF MEASUREMENT -- The purpose of accounts -- Realised and unrealised profits -- Technical aspects of Current Value accounting -- Operating gains and holding gains -- Replacement cost versus realisable value -- Implications of Current Value accounting -- Margins of error in ₁current value₂ -- Possible impact on reported profits -- Revaluation of tangible fixed assets -- Goodwill -- Cash and liquid resources -- Executive stock options -- Provision for pensions -- Discounting long-term liabilities -- Derivatives -- Conclusions -- PART IV: THE UNIT OF ACCOUNT -- Money and inflation -- Money -- Modern UK inflation -- The unit of account -- Impact on accounts -- Which index to use? -- Constant Purchasing Power accounting -- Overview -- Losses (and gains) in respect of monetary assets (and liabilities) -- Fixed assets and depreciation -- Comparisons over time -- Lucas Industries plc. CPP accounts 1969-1994 -- Foreign currencies -- Conclusions -- PART V: ACCOUNTING PROFIT VERSUS ECONOMIC INCOME -- Economic income -- Capitalising future income -- Ex ante and ex post income -- Historical cost accounting profit versus economic income -- Interest on equity capital -- Calculating the cost -- Charging notional interest -- PART VI: CREATIVE ACCOUNTNG -- What is ₁creative accounting₂? -- Incentives and pressures on managers -- Profit and loss account -- Overstating profits -- Understating profits -- Balance sheet -- Overstating net assets -- Understating net assets -- Presentation and trends -- Politics -- Fraud -- Non-profit and small entities -- Conclusions -- PART VII: SPURIOUS ACCURACY -- Accounting -- The appearance of precision -- Preparers₂ exaggeration -- Calendar problems -- Finance -- Stock market level -- Earnings per share -- Cost of capital -- Valuing equity shares -- Measuring gearing -- Economics -- Prices -- National income -- Miscellaneous -- PART VIII: NEAR ENOUGH -- Accounting -- Sports -- Football -- Cricket -- Other sports -- Weather -- Political elections -- Miscellaneous -- Weights and measures -- Transport -- Medicine -- Cooking -- Back to accounting -- PART IX: CONCLUSIONS -- Introduction -- Interim-ness -- Basis of measurement -- The unit of account -- Accounting profit versus economic income -- Creative accounting -- Spurious accuracy -- Near enough -- Misreporting profit -- Preventing avoidable error.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-158) and indexes
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  • 17
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    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 023020502X , 9780230205024
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 287 S. , graph. Darst , 23cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions
    Keywords: Finance ; Banks and banking ; Economics ; Management science ; Europäische Union ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Finanzinnovation ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
    Abstract: Literaturangaben
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Dodrecht [u.a.] : Springer
    ISBN: 9781441900661 , 9781282288324
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 361.6/5
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economics ; Migration ; Political science ; Regional planning ; Sociology ; Social sciences ; Wohlfahrtsstaat ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: In recent years, major social forces such as: aging populations, social trends, migration patterns, and the globalization of economies, have reshaped social welfare policies and practices across the globe. Multinational corporations, NGOs, and other international organizations have begun to influence social policy at a national and local level. Among the many ramifications of these changes is that globalizing influences may hinder the ability of individual nation-states to effect policies that are beneficial to them on a local level. With contributions from different countries worldwide, this collected work represents the first major comparative analysis on the effect of globalization on the international welfare state. The Welfare State in Post-Industrial Society is divided into two major sections: the first draws from a number of leading social welfare researchers from diverse countries who point to the nation-state as case studies, highlighting how it goes about establishing and revising social welfare provisions. The second portion of the volume then moves to a more global perspective in its analysis and questioning of the impact of globalisation on citizenship and marketization. A unique aspect of the volume is that all authors participated in an iterative process to identify a series of consensus themes that each author was then asked to integrate into their chapters as they were relevant.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 19
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    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9780230555181
    Language: English
    Pages: XIX, 180 S. , graph. Darst
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions
    Parallel Title: Print version Affordable Housing Finance
    Keywords: Finance ; Accounting ; Bookkeeping ; Real estate management ; Capital market ; Economics ; Management science ; Social policy
    Abstract: Literaturverz. 164 - 176
    Abstract: This text explores the vexing problem of housing exclusion and the related financial fallout, which has come into sharp relief since the onset of the housing-led global credit crisis. The book looks at the dimensions of affordable housing finance, compares current policy approaches in the US, UK and Australia, and works towards solutions
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Figures; Glossary of Abbreviations; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Housing Stress: Nature, Causes, and Consequences; 3 The Financial Dimension; 4 Affordable Housing Finance in the US; 5 Affordable Housing Finance in the UK; 6 Affordable Housing Finance in Australia; 7 Capital Market Solutions; 8 Retail Finance Solutions; 9 Public Sector Solutions; 10 Future Directions; References; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-176) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 20
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    Basingstoke, Hants. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 1282504363 , 0230221041 , 9781282504363 , 9780230233973 , 9780230221048
    Language: English
    Pages: XXII, 223 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Poverty Among Immigrant Children in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; International economics ; Development economics ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics ; International economics ; Development economics ; Poverty ; Economics ; Development Economics ; International Economics ; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics ; Poverty, Aid and Development ; Westeuropa ; Einwanderer ; Kind ; Armut ; Soziale Situation ; Einwanderungspolitik
    Abstract: Literaturverz. S. 190 -212
    Abstract: The book presents an analysis of empirical data on immigrant child poverty in the context of a controversial debate on the European migration policy, with special reference to Switzerland and France. It presents an alternative approach based on child rights and social justice
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; List of Boxes; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of Abbreviations; 1 Child Poverty and Well-Being; 2 Immigrant Child Poverty in Europe; 3 The European Immigration Debate; 4 Immigrant Child Poverty in Switzerland; 5 Immigrant Child Poverty in France; 6 Housing Poor Immigrant Children in France; 7 Switzerland vs France: A Comparative Perspective; 8 Some Conclusions; Notes; Bibliography; Name/Author Index; Subject Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-212) and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 21
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    [Dordrecht] : Springer | [Heidelberg] : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402094804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Environment & policy Vol. 49
    DDC: 320.6
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social policy ; Economic policy ; Environmental management ; Human geography ; Political science ; Economics ; Staat ; Territorialität ; Governance
    Abstract: Explores the relationship between state governmentality and specific forms of policy making. This work features case studies which manifest the variety as well the various forms of co-constitution between state governmentality, new modes of governance and policy-making, focusing on migration, spatial economic policy, and urban development
    Description / Table of Contents: Shifts in Governmentality, Territoriality and Governance: An Introduction; Neoliberalisation and Place: Deconstructing and Reconstructing Borders; Urban Governance and the Production of New State Spaces in Western Europe, 1960-2000; From Governance to Governance Failure and from Multi-level Governance to Multi-scalar Meta -governance; Querying the Queue: A Review of the Literature on the Management of Borders and Migration in the European Union; The Territoriality of Spatial-Economic Governance in Historical Perspective: The Case of The Netherlands
    Description / Table of Contents: Producing Urban (Dis)similarity: Entrepreneurial Governance, Consumer Mobility and Competitive Consumption Spaces: The Case of the Enschede RegionA Narrative Understanding of an Entrepreneurial City: The Case of Tilburg; River Basin Management in Europe: The 'Up- and Downloading' of a New Policy Discourse; Environmental Governance Failure: The 'Dark Side' of an Essentially Optimistic Concept; The Disoriented State;
    Note: Lizenzpflichtig , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 22
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 37-61
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 37-61
    Keywords: Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Macroeconomic data are indispensable for modern governance, yet it is often unclear how reliable these data are. The production process of macroeconomic data inside the statistical offices is often not very transparent for the general public. Bystanders usually have no choice but to take for granted the published data because criteria by which to judge data quality are wanting. Hoping to contribute to a better understanding of the quality of macroeconomic data, this paper proposes several plausibility checks and applies them to recently published Swiss labour productivity growth figures. Although the proposed checks cannot "prove" or "disprove" the official data, they are capable of either strengthening our confidence in the official data or, alternatively, of casting them into doubt. Policy debates drawing on official data will hardly be able to ignore differences in the degree of confidence with which these data are held to be accurate.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.699
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of financial crises on potential output. For this purpose a univariate autoregressive growth equation is estimated on an unbalanced panel of OECD countries over the period 1960 to 2007. Our results suggest that the occurrence of a financial crisis negatively and permanently affects potential output. In particular, financial crises are estimated to lower potential output by around 1.5 to 2.4% on average. The magnitude of the effect increases with the severity of the crisis. The occurrence of a deep crisis is found to decrease potential output by nearly 4%, almost twice the amount observed for the average of crises. These results are robust to the use of an alternative measure of potential output, changes in the methodology and in the sample periods.
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  • 24
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article uses patent data to assess policy factors (domestic and international) for patenting activity in automotive emission control technologies. Particular attention is paid to the role of different policy types and fuel prices on both post-combustion and integrated abatement technologies. The results confirm that fuel prices have played a role in the development of integrated strategies, while regulatory standards have been more important with respect to post-combustion technologies. In addition, ‘integrated’ abatement strategies are more closely linked to general determinants of innovation than is the case for post-combustion technologies. This has implications for the design of policies which encourage innovations with both private and public benefits.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.732
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: Despite progress over the past two decades Mexico?s health and education indicators remain well below the average of the OECD and some of its Latin American emerging market peers. Health insurance coverage is incomplete, especially for low-income families, and access to health services is highly uneven. There are several separate vertically integrated insurance networks, which increases administrative costs and results in an inefficient use of facilities. In education, lower secondary schools enroll only two thirds of the relevant age group and the quality of education is low, as indicated by poor PISA scores. This reflects poor teaching quality, a consequence of non-transparent teacher selection processes until recently, and limited school autonomy in budgeting, instruction and personnel decisions. Accountability to the government and parents is also low as there is no national exit exam after secondary education and the existing evaluation schemes are fragmented. Recent health and education reforms have started to address these issues, but more needs to be done to increase the efficiency of spending by increasing the coverage of health insurance, reducing the fragmentation of the health system, increasing enrolment in lower secondary education, and improving the quality of teaching.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.677
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This paper constructs a broad measure of financial conditions for the United States, Japan, the Euro Area and the United Kingdom, by extending monetary condition indices which are traditionally used to gauge the impact of monetary policy on the economy. In addition to changes in the exchange rate and short and long interest rates, the change in credit availability, corporate bond spreads and household wealth are taken into account to gauge the evolution of financial conditions. Since the onset of the financial crisis, financial conditions have tightened by an unprecedented degree in the four countries/regions and this is evaluated to exert a major drag on activity.
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  • 27
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 79-102
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 79-102
    Keywords: Economics ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: Tanzania could be a major food-exporting country but its dependence on rainfall, poor transport and marketing infrastructures, as well as low access to technology, lead to persistent food security problems. The Tanzanian government has decided to focus its Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP) on irrigation. However, even though the importance of irrigation to reduce Tanzania’s dependency on rainfall is undisputed, it would have been better to have a two-fold programme with one part focusing on production-related investments such as irrigation and the other fostering commercial agriculture and the private sector. While donor commitments to agriculture show a mixed trend, Tanzania is one of the few African countries with a basket fund in agriculture. The Tanzanian government aims to establish the ASDP as the sector programme to which all donor interventions should be aligned. First reviews of the ASDP reveal that capacity to implement the programme is lacking at all levels. A lot of capacity building and a change of mindset in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are needed to make farmer empowerment and private sector involvement a reality. Furthermore, rural and agricultural development efforts should be better co-ordinated as both draw on the same limited capacities at the local level.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.710
    Keywords: Economics ; Indonesia
    Abstract: The Indonesian labour market is characterised by widespread informality. To some extent, these outcomes can be attributed to a sharp increase in the real value of the minimum wage since 2001, when minimum-wage setting was decentralised to the provincial governments. To test this hypothesis, this paper uses survey data on the labour market (Sakernas), household income and expenditure (Susenas) and the industrial sector (Survei Industri) to construct a district-level dataset spanning the period 1996 to 2004. The effects of changes in the minimum wage on unemployment, formal-sector employment and the incidence of informality in urban areas are estimated separately by fixed effects and jointly by a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimator. Our findings show that an increase in the minimum-to-mean wage ratio is associated with a net increase in employment: a rise in informal-sector employment more than compensates for job losses in the formal sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia).
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.708
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socioeconomic backgrounds as a measure of (in) equality of opportunity in OECD countries and looks at the role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15- year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality - in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines - while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Policies allowing increasing social mix are found to reduce school socio-economic segregation without affecting overall performance. Countries that emphasise childcare and pre-school institutions exhibit lower levels of inequality of opportunity, suggesting the effectiveness of early intervention policies in reducing persistence of education outcomes across generations. There is also a positive association between inequality of opportunities and income inequality. As a consequence, cross-country regressions suggest that redistributive policies can help to reduce inequalities of educational opportunities associated with socioeconomic background and, hence, persistence of education outcomes across generations.
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.731
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: In the decade following the 1998 financial crisis Russia’s banking system grew much larger and stronger – indeed, growth rates were dangerously high – but even before the onset of the current global crisis it continued to play a limited role in intermediating savings and investment, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Moreover, despite important improvements, some weaknesses in prudential supervision remained, and the Russian banking sector continued to have too many very small banks doing little if any banking business. This paper discusses the policy imperatives in the short term, in the face of the ongoing economic crisis, and reforms that could be implemented over the longer term to improve the efficiency and resilience of the financial system and raise Russia’s potential growth rate. While the current crisis is painful for the banking sector as well as the broader economy, it may facilitate a restructuring of the system that will be positive in the long run, as well as new approaches to regulation that will make banking less crisis-prone.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.706
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses trends in and driving forces of the revenue composition of sub-central governments (SCG). Between 1995 and 2005 the share of SCG in total government spending increased from 31 to 33%, while the SCG tax share remained stable at around 17%, increasing SCG’s dependence on intergovernmental grants. While equal access to public services is the most common justification for such grants, the grant systems of most countries are much larger than required by equalization. Moreover, rather than smoothing out SCG revenue fluctuations over the cycle, grants often tend to exacerbate them. Finally, there is some evidence that grants reduce SCG tax raising effort, inflate SCG spending and increase SCG deficits and debt. The economic crisis will both sharply reduce SCG’s own tax revenues and – via budget constraints at the central level – increase pressure on the grant system. The crisis could hence help rethink the SCG revenue mix, their tax structure and the size and design of intergovernmental transfers.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: More action is needed, by both Africa and the wider international community. Building peace and security is essential, both for economic development and for poverty reduction. Leadership is being taken by Africa itself. The number of conflicts has fallen. But even so, one-fifth of the population of Africa still live in conflict zones. More action is needed both to strengthen and support Africa’s own efforts to bring peace to the continent, and to tackle the wider global drivers of conflict, including the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons, and the trade in conflict resources.
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.667
    Keywords: Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Measures to make the regulation of product markets more conducive to competition play a prominent role in the governments “growth package” of measures to stimulate economic growth which are in the process of being implemented. This paper discusses these measures and suggests further improvements. Notwithstanding significant reforms in recent years, competition law and its enforcement are still weaker than in other OECD countries. Scope for making regulation of product markets more competition-friendly is large in the network industries. While sector-specific regulators have been introduced, their independence needs to be strengthened. The reform of the electricity supply law provides the main building block opening the industry to competition, but vertical separation requirements of the electricity grid from electricity generation and trading activities need to be strengthened. In telecommunications, restrictions in access of competitors to the local loop limit the scope for lowering prices and improving quality of service in broadband connections. Measures still need to be taken to prevent discrimination against market entrants in the railway passenger services market and much scope exists to widen competition in postal services. Progress in lowering the degree of protection in the proposed legislation on agricultural policy 2007-11 is modest. Trade barriers can also be lowered for manufactured goods through the adoption of the Cassis de Dijon principle.
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.713
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper provides a self-contained introduction to the economic modelling of growth and reviews the theoretical evidence on the extent of the link between taxation and growth.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.681
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Euro area entry calls for more fiscal flexibility to absorb cyclical shocks that cannot be dealt with by the common monetary policy. At the same time fiscal consolidation must not be put at risk, especially given rising ageing related costs. The current fiscal framework could be improved by introducing multi-year expenditure ceilings and by removing pro-cyclical elements in fiscal rules. An adjustment account that serves to register breaches of fiscal rules and eliminates them over time could help in coping with projection errors. To ensure long-term sustainability of public finances it is essential not to dilute the substantial improvements in the long-term balance of the definedbenefit pillar associated with past pension reforms. The government should consider making participation in the defined contribution pillar mandatory for new labour market entrants or, at the very least, make it the default option. For current workers the pillars should remain closed. Moreover, further parametric changes such as increasing the retirement age in line with life expectancy gains and reducing unsustainable elements in the pension formula would improve the balance of the defined benefit pillar.
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-39
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-39
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article investigates the policy determinants of hours worked among employed individuals in OECD countries, focussing on the impact of taxation, working-time regulations, and other labour and product market policies. It explores the factors underlying cross-country differences in hours worked — in line with previous aggregate approaches — while at the same time it looks more closely at labour force heterogeneity — in the vein of microeconomic labour supply models. The paper shows that policies and institutions have a different impact on working hours of men and women. Firstly, while high marginal taxes create a disincentive to work longer hours for women, their impact on hours worked by men is almost insignificant. Secondly, working-time regulations have a significant impact on hours worked by men, and this impact differs across education categories. Thirdly, other labour and product market policies, in particular stringent employment protection of workers on regular contracts and competition-restraining product market policies, have a negative impact on hours worked by men, over and beyond their impact on employment levels.
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 189-218
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 189-218
    Keywords: Economics ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This case study examines the effect of domestic reform including trade on New Zealand’s agriculture sector. Agricultural and trade reform has increased competition and brought substantial changes in innovation in the commercial agriculture sector, such as wine, fruit, livestock and dairy, which in turn has led to important changes in composition and an across the board increase in innovation and productivity. Keywords: innovation, agricultural reform, trade reform, New Zealand, agriculture, agricultural machinery, sheep, dairy, wine, horticulture, foreign investment.
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.722
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: Greek health outcomes compare favourably with the OECD average. However, the health care system is seen as not working well by the population. One source of dissatisfaction is the high proportion of private household spending on health, including informal payments, while public health spending relative to GDP is one of the lowest in the OECD. This situation leads to inequities in access to certain medical services. Also, there is a weakening of efficiency of the system, which should be addressed sooner than later in view of a rising demand for medical services, which is going to intensify in the coming decades, and the need to keep government health care spending in check. This calls for reforms in four areas: (i) reviewing the excessively fragmented structure of the health care system and its governance; (ii) enhancing the quality of public primary health care services; (iii) modernising hospital administration; and (iv) further tightening control over pharmaceutical expenditure.
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 307-345
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 307-345
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Financial consumers are facing paradoxical situations. On the one hand, they are overly solicited to use credits on various forms. On the other hand, segments of the population do not have access to credit. In this paper, we examine some emerging issues regarding consumer protection and information in four OECD countries: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. These four countries have much in common but nevertheless develop their own specific experience. By comparing their recent experience we identify some questions of emerging importance.
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060289 , 9789264107144
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationaler Handel; Frei, fair und offen?
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Le commerce international influence directement le prix et la disponibilité de tout ce que nous achetons ou presque. Son rôle est également notable dans beaucoup d’autres domaines, notamment l’emploi, l’environnement et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Les essentiels de l'OCDE : Le commerce international soutient que la prospérité a rarement, voire jamais, été atteinte ou maintenue sans le concours du commerce. Néanmoins, à lui seul, il ne constitue pas une condition suffisante, et des politiques orientées vers l’emploi, l’éducation, la santé et bien d’autres domaines encore sont nécessaires pour favoriser le bien-être et s’attaquer aux défis d’une économie mondialisée.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La bioéconomie à l'horizon 2030 ; Quel programme d'action ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The bioeconomy to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Politik ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Biowissenschaften ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: The biological sciences are adding value to a host of products and services, producing what some have labelled the “bioeconomy” and offering the potential to make major socio-economic contributions in OECD countries. Using quantitative analyses of data on development pipelines and R&D expenditures from private and public databases, this book estimates biotechnological developments to 2015. Moving to a broader institutional view, it also looks at the roles of R&D funding, human resources, intellectual property, and regulation in the bioeconomy, as well as at possible developments that could influence emerging business models to create scenarios to 2030. These scenarios are included to stimulate reflection on the interplay between policy choices and technological advances in shaping the bioeconomy. Finally, the book explores policy options to support the social, environmental and economic benefits of a bioeconomy.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.741
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment réformer le système fiscal belge afin de renforcer l'expansion économique
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: Individual elements in Belgian tax system affect the growth process through different channels and to a varying degree. Consumption taxes are among the least distortive for growth, and there is considerable scope to increase the reliance on this tax source in Belgium. The Belgian differential taxation of saving vehicles distorts investment decisions, hampering the reallocation of capital towards its most productive use. However, the most distortive Belgian taxes are on labour through their effects on workers’ labour market decisions. Recognising the latter, the authorities have aimed at reducing taxation on labour. However, its level remains internationally high, reflecting numerous exemptions, which reduce tax bases and thus require higher tax rates than otherwise. To promote labour market prospects for individual groups on the labour market, wage subsidies and social security contribution reductions have been used extensively, leading to a complex system, often poorly targeted and at times subject to conflicting objectives. The end result is that the interaction between the personal income tax, the social security contributions, and the generous benefit systems has created a multitude of labour market traps which hold back employment. New tax reforms are constrained by the large and growing fiscal sustainability problem, implying that, unless substantial expenditure cuts are implemented, new tax reforms must be self-financed. This can be achieved by shifting the reliance of the tax system towards the least distortive sources and by broadening tax bases to allow lower tax rates. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of Belgium (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/belgium).
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 33-51
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 33-51
    Keywords: Economics ; Mali
    Abstract: The Malian economy faces the challenge of reducing its over-dependence on cotton and gold. In order to do so, a search for “green gold” — commercial agriculture beyond cotton — is underway. Mali has started to exploit export market opportunities for horticulture products in Europe as well as in neighbouring countries. Moreover, the country is currently testing the introduction of domestic wheat production for local processing. Although donors are increasingly supporting the development of these new agricultural products, the reform of the cotton sector continues to receive their special attention. Moreover, certain agricultural sub-sectors such as livestock and fishing receive only limited support. The development of a vibrant private sector in agriculture requires further improvements in government policies and donor support, but also more active private sector participation. The government should re-engage in agricultural diversification, and donors should strive to increase the sustainability of their interventions. To this end, greater co-ordination between donors and government is needed in tandem with strengthening the capacity of the local private actors. The study highlights progress towards better donor co-ordination in agriculture and encouraging results, especially with respect to facilitating access to credit for farmers and fostering producers’ organisations. At the same time, it argues that there remains ample room for improvement. Donors tend to crowd in certain segments of the agricultural value chain and to specialise in specific export crops (e.g. the mango sector where 12 donors are currently operating) at the expense of some other important areas, which require additional support (e.g. livestock, transport infrastructure and logistics). A more balanced and coherent approach is warranted.
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-29
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study focuses on the single most important component of the private return on tertiary education, the gross wage premium. There are at least two additional reasons for paying particular attention to wage premia. First, the wage premium earned by existing graduates is easy to observe, so high-school leavers can be assumed to take it into account when deciding for or against enrolment in tertiary education. Second, to the extent that wages reflect marginal labour productivity, estimates of wage premia are sometimes used to assess the quality of human capital in an economy with a view to correcting simpler measures based on years of schooling or attainment levels.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 7-63
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 7-63
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study examines the role of trade and investment in technology transfer, the effects of competition in trade and investment on innovation, and economies of scale. It also examines global value chains as an organisational innovation in its own right, which is supported by a freer trade and investment environment. Keywords: innovation, multinational enterprises, MNEs, global value chains, technology transfer, competition, scale economies, licensing, intellectual property rights, TRIPs, absorption capacity, Doha Development Agenda.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 128 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.701
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the cost of a range of national, regional and global mitigation policies and the corresponding incentives for countries to participate in ambitious international mitigation actions. The paper illustrates the scope for available instruments to strengthen these incentives and discusses ways to overcome barriers to the development of an international carbon price, based on the quantitative assessment from two global and sectorially-disaggregated CGE models. Key step towards the emergence of a single international carbon price will most likely involve the phasing out of subsidies of fossil fuel consumption and various forms of linking between regional carbon markets, ranging from direct linking of existing emission trading systems to more indirect forms through the use of sectoral crediting mechanisms. The paper discusses regulatory issues raised by the expansion of emission trading and crediting schemes as well as the complementary contribution of non-market based instruments such as the imposition of technical standards and R&D policies. Finally, the paper emphasises the important role of international transfers, not least to overcome the relatively strong economic incentives in some countries to free ride on other regions mitigation actions. While they can take various explicit or implicit forms, transfers made primarily through market mechanisms, for instance via the allocation of binding emission reduction commitments across countries, would be most cost-effective.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.702
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses WITCH, an integrated assessment model with a game-theoretic structure, to explore the prospects for, and the stability of broad coalitions to achieve ambitious climate change mitigation action. Only coalitions including all large emitting regions are found to be technically able to meet a concentration stabilisation target below 550 ppm CO2eq by 2100. Once the free-riding incentives of non-participants are taken into account, only a “grand coalition” including virtually all regions can be successful. This grand coalition is profitable as a whole, implying that all countries can gain from participation provided appropriate transfers are made across them. However, neither the grand coalition nor smaller but still environmentally significant coalitions appear to be stable. This is because the collective welfare surplus from cooperation is not found to be large enough for transfers to offset the free-riding incentives of all countries simultaneously. Some factors omitted from the analysis, which might improve coalition stability, include the co-benefits from mitigation action, the costless removal of fossil fuel subsidies, as well as alternative assumptions regarding countries’ bargaining behaviour.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.695
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes patterns and developments of regulation that potentially affect product market competition in OECD countries over the past decade. It uses the 2008 update and revision of the OECD indicators of product market regulation (PMR) that integrate to a larger extent than in the past information on sector-specific regulation and adapt a simpler and more transparent aggregation technique. The results show that OECD countries have extensively liberalised product markets over the past ten years and – as a consequence - convergence of regulation across OECD countries can be observed. However, reforms appear to have slowed in the most recent period (2003-2008) as compared with the earlier period (1998- 2003). Easing of product market regulation appears to have been driven to a considerable extent by reforms in sector-specific regulation, notably as regards the gas, electricity and telecommunications markets. Countries appear also to have followed consistent reform approaches. However, scope for further reform remains, especially as regards controls of governments over businesses, and as regards certain sectors such as professional services and retail trade.
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 131-171
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 131-171
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The world’s allegedly shortest mail correspondence took place in 1862. The French author Victor Hugo had gone on vacation as his big novel Les miserable was published. But Hugo could not refrain himself from writing to the publisher to ask how it went. The letter read: « ? » and the publishers’ reply « ! ».
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Educational outcomes are shaped by a wide range of factors, including innate students’ characteristics, family and school background and other environmental factors. But a key-question for policy-makers is what schools and school policies can do to raise overall student performance. Several studies have indeed shown the positive effect of an increase in cognitive skills and competencies on both social and individual economic welfare. From a macroeconomic viewpoint, international differences in student achievement tests have been shown to increase long-run economic growth. Our analysis focuses on the quality of school systems, i.e. on the association of educational policies with average learning outcomes.
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  • 51
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 65-107
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 65-107
    Keywords: Economics ; Finland
    Abstract: This case study examines how recent trade and investment patterns (including “trade in tasks” resulting from supply chain fragmentation) and Finnish and global policies that promote market openness and free trade have affected the innovation process in the Finnish mobile telecom equipment industry. It illustrates, first, how regulatory, trade and investment policy choices have helped, alongside other key policies, provide the adequate framework conditions for innovation in this country of 5.2 million people. Secondly, it examines how the private sector, and more particularly Nokia, has taken advantage of those conditions to enhance its innovation capacity. This case study does not constitute an in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of Finnish public policies nor of Nokia’s business strategy, but provides an illustration of how certain public policy choices and business strategies can contribute to a country’s innovation performance. Keywords: Innovation, trade reform, intra-industry trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), deregulation, Finland, Nokia, telecom equipment industry, information and communication technologies (ICT), R&D investments, Information Technology Agreement.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.738
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The crisis that originated in mid-2007 in the United States and deepened in September 2008 is the largest peace-time disruption of financial markets since the Great Depression. It was triggered by a number of factors, namely the large amount of lending to subprime borrowers, the expansion of securitisation resulting in a disconnect between loan originators and final investors, the questionable assessments of credit rating agencies and the unprecedented resort to off-balance sheet vehicles. These developments took place during a traditional credit boom and reinforced the skyrocketing of asset prices, erosion of lending standards and under-pricing of risk. The crisis had serious repercussions worldwide, particularly in Europe, given the global nature of financial markets. This paper begins by considering why the Japanese banking system was initially relatively resilient to the deterioration in the global financial system, although there were some secondary effects that are discussed in the following section. The third section outlines the emergency response of the Japanese authorities to the financial crisis, including quantitative measures by the central bank and other institutions and regulatory changes by the Financial Services Agency (FSA). At the same time, the authorities have taken steps to improve the regulatory framework. The fourth section goes beyond the crisis to consider policies to boost chronically low profitability in the banking sector. Measures to promote efficiency in the financial sector by upgrading capital markets and improving the range and quality of financial products are discussed in the following section.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.670
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: Financial innovation and integration have spurred financial development and enhanced consumer choice. Financial integration has also been associated with the emergence of large, complex, cross-border financial institutions (LCFIs). This has changed risk profiles and made cross-border contagion more likely. An important challenge for the EU is to manage systemic risks and cross-border contagion to ensure financial stability in an integrated financial market. The financial market turmoil has also highlighted some gaps in the regulatory and supervisory framework. Although the European authorities should be commended for the progress they have made in updating and improving frameworks and responding to the financial turmoil, more can be done. In particular, further steps are needed to remove the mismatch between integrating European financial markets on the one hand, and largely national supervision on the other. Attention should also be given to the question of which measures are adequate to dampen the procyclicality of the financial system. New regulations should not impose unnecessary costs on consumers, businesses and financial institutions, nor create obstacles to further market integration.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.689
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses a variety of empirical methods to examine the apparent differences in monetary policy stances as between the United States and other G7 economies, notably those in the euro area, during the period of sharp increases in oil and other commodity prices in the first half of 2008. In particular it asks the question whether observed differences in policy stances could be attributed to differences in economic structures and the vulnerability of different regions to inflationary shocks coming from import prices as opposed to differences in monetary policy objectives. The main conclusion is that although there are a number of differences in the estimated impact and dynamics of commodities, import prices and exchange rates on domestic inflation, which may have contributed to differences in policy stances during the boom in commodity prices, they cannot explain them all.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056909
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Bioeconomy to 2030; Designing a Policy Agenda
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Les sciences biologiques apportent une valeur ajoutée à de très nombreux biens et services qui sont génériquement réunis sous le terme de « bioéconomie » et les progrès dans ce domaine peuvent aboutir à des avancées socioéconomiques majeures, dans les pays de l’OCDE. En utilisant des analyses quantitatives des données concernant les innovations en cours et les dépenses de recherche et développement tirées des bases de données privées et publiques, elle estime les évolutions futures dans le domaine des biotechnologies d’ici 2015. Adoptant un point de vue institutionnel plus large, elle examine également les rôles joués par le financement de la recherche et du développement, les ressources humaines, la propriété intellectuelle et la réglementation de la bioéconomie, ainsi que les évolutions futures qui seraient susceptibles d’influer sur les nouveaux modèles économiques. Des scénarios fictifs à l’horizon 2030 sont pris en compte pour encourager les lecteurs à réfléchir sur l’interaction entre les choix de politique économique et les avancées technologiques dans la mise en place de la bioéconomie. Enfin, l’ouvrage étudie les différentes options de politique économique permettant de tirer parti des avantages sociaux, environnementaux et économiques de la bioéconomie.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (281 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Fifty years after it was launched, the Marshall Plan remains a major event of post World War II history. But what did it actually do for European reconstruction? To commemorate the opening of its historical archives to the public and their deposit at the European University Institute (EUI), the OECD invited a group of EUI historians to analyse the role played by the Marshall Plan and the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the economic recovery of Europe. This book examines the major moments punctuating OEEC history from the original offer of Marshall Aid in 1947 to the decision to create the OECD in 1960. It offers a history of the European economic reconstruction and contributes to discussions on models of co-operation favouring economic development, trade liberalisation and world economic integration.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Geneva 22 : International Labour Office
    ISBN: 9789264046221
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (620 p)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce manuel important et complet donne les lignes directrices pour les offices statistiques et autres organismes responsables de la construction des IPC et explique en profondeur les méthodes qui sont utilisées pour calculer un IPC. Il examine aussi les concepts économiques et statistiques ; sous-jacents ainsi que les principes nécessaires pour faire des choix efficaces et pour apprécier pleinement leurs implications.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.715
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper surveys the empirical analysis of disaggregate data on growth. The aim is to identify how economic policy can affect the choices that have been identified as influences upon the rate of growth.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.676
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews and assesses in terms of availability, reliability and transparency existing policy and outcome indicators that have been found to be linked both directly and indirectly to economic growth and living standards. Indicators aiming at capturing the political and social situation of countries, as well as governance-related issues, are examined (e.g. political system, political stability, corruption, crime and violence). Topics also include product and labour markets, infrastructure, trade, financial indicators and composite indices of reform.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.686
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Investment in network infrastructure – the energy, water, transport and telecommunication networks – which performs a vital role for the functioning of the economy, can contribute to raising growth and social welfare. But more is not always better. While the paper shows that investment in the network industries has had a positive effect over and above the addition to the capital stock, there is evidence that investment in the past has sometimes been misallocated. This paper identifies the policy framework that promotes investment that is conducive to growth and ensures the appropriate use of infrastructure. Central aspects of this framework are identified as a robust decision making process, improving the selection of investment projects, the introduction of competitive pressures through the reduction of barriers to entry and vertical separation when this is appropriate. In addition, efficient investment can be promoted by the combination of regulator independence and the application of incentive regulation.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.672
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A well-functioning labour market is essential to sustain rapid economic growth in the face of population ageing. Priorities are to reverse the rising share of non-regular workers, which has negative implications for both growth and equity, and encourage greater employment of women and youth, who are under-represented in the labour force. Attracting more women to employment requires increasing the availability of childcare, strengthening maternity leave and creating more family-friendly workplaces. Youth employment rates should be boosted by upgrading tertiary education through stronger competition and closer links to enterprises to reduce mismatches. Educational reform should be extended to elementary and secondary schools to enhance efficiency and decrease the burden of private tutoring. The age of retirement of employees should be raised by eliminating mandatory retirement and phasing out the retirement allowance. Active labour market policies should focus on policies to expand human capital rather than wage subsidies.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.694
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: High expectations surrounded the two waves of eastward EU enlargement in 2004 and 2007, with the extension of the EU Internal Market being expected to deliver a substantial boost to economic growth in new and old member States alike. Indeed, considerable progress has been made, with existing evidence pointing to increased trade and FDI flows, enhanced east-west migration and a more stable macroeconomic environment. However, completion of the internal market is progressing at an uneven pace, and comparatively less progress can be seen in services industries, which provide over two-thirds of jobs and value added in the economy. Empirical estimates suggest that competition and trade-enhancing reforms in services industries could generate substantial productivity improvements across EU member economies. Over a period of 10 years, the predicted increase in labour productivity resulting from a bold reform package is around 10% for the average EU country, and new member States stand to gain even more. In addition to service-sector reform, priorities towards a more integrated EU internal market should include removing remaining barriers to labour mobility, improving transport infrastructure, mutual recognition of qualifications, and enhanced market integration of network industries. Finally, a more explicit use of benchmarking may help to enhance the momentum of future internal market reforms.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.718
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This paper analyses recent large movements in the yield spread for sovereign bonds as between Germany and other euro area countries. While the general increase in risk aversion that has characterised the financial crisis is an important factor on its own, it is found that this has also magnified the importance of fiscal performance, in particular as measured by the ratio of debt service to tax receipts and expected fiscal deficits. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that such effects are non-linear, so that incremental deteriorations in fiscal performance lead to ever larger increases in the spread. These findings imply that financial market reaction could become an increasingly important constraint on fiscal policy for some countries, a feature which was much less apparent in the years prior to the financial crisis when general risk aversion was abnormally low.
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.697
    Keywords: Economics ; Estonia
    Abstract: In mid-2008, high employment and low unemployment rates characterised the Estonian labour market in comparison with the average of the EU15 countries. While aggregate outcomes improved during 2000-07, large inequalities persisted across regions, ethnic groups, and workers with different skill levels. As Estonia entered recession in 2008, the unemployment rate almost doubled between the 2nd and the 4th quarter, and is expected to rise further in 2009 and 2010. More flexible labour markets will be a key adjustment mechanism during the recession as well as in the medium term if Estonia is to become a knowledge-based economy. Given the currency board arrangement and low synchronisation with the euro area, flexibility is also needed to cushion asymmetric shocks. In December 2008, parliament adopted the new Employment Contract Act, deregulating employment protection while increasing income security of the unemployed. This paper discusses options for removing the remaining barriers that impede worker reallocation across jobs, sectors, and regions into more productive activities.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264073111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (498 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie politique de la réforme ; Retraites, emplois et déréglementation dans dix pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tompson, William The political economy of reform
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: This report examines why some policy reforms get implemented and others languish by examining 20 structural reform efforts in 10 OECD countries over the past two decades. The case studies cover a wide variety of reform attempts in three key areas: pensions, labour- and product-market regulation. Key factors in the political, economic and reform-specific arenas are identified as helping or hindering reform, and these findings are cross-checked using a relatively simple set of Spearman rank correlations. The report’s two-pronged analytical approach – quantitative and qualitative – results in unique insights for policy makers designing, adopting and implementing structural policy reforms.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.685
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Investment in network infrastructure can boost long-term economic growth in OECD countries. Moreover, infrastructure investment can have a positive effect on growth that goes beyond the effect of the capital stock because of economies of scale, the existence of network externalities and competition enhancing effects. This paper, which is part of a project examining the links between infrastructure and growth and the role of public policies, reports the results on the links with growth from a variety of econometric approaches. Time-series results reveal a positive impact of infrastructure investment on growth. They also show that this effect varies across countries and sectors and over time. In some cases, these results reveal evidence of possible over-investment, which may be related to inefficient use of infrastructure. Bayesian model averaging of cross-section growth regressions confirm that infrastructure investment in telecommunications and the electricity sectors has a robust positive effect on long-term growth (but not in railways and road networks). Furthermore, this effect is highly nonlinear as the impact is stronger if the physical stock is lower.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.705
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This pilot study presents indicators that assess sub-central government (SCG) spending power by policy area. Traditional indicators – such as the share of SCG in total government spending – are often misleading as they underestimate the impact of central government regulation on sub-central spending patterns. In order to gauge true spending power, a set of institutional indicators is established, based on a detailed assessment of institutional, regulatory and administrative control central government exerts over various SCG policy areas. Results tend to confirm the limited discretion of SCGs over their own budget. Education in particular – the main SCG budget item in most countries – is strongly shaped by central government regulation. Federal countries tend to grant more spending power to SCGs than unitary countries. With a few amendments, the framework of this study could be applied to all OECD countries, although it is advisable to restrict the analysis to the main sub-central spending areas.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.703
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: The possibility that a country’s external current account may adjust nonlinearly to shocks is attracting increasing attention in the empirical literature. To shed further light on this issue in the context of emerging-market economies, this paper uses Brazilian data to estimate the determinants of the current account in a smooth-transition vector-autoregressive (ST-VAR) setting. We allow for the transition parameters and the model coefficients to be estimated simultaneously by non-linear constrained maximum likelihood. We find strong evidence of non-linearity in the VAR when (lagged) government consumption and investment are used as the variables governing transition across regimes. The computation of non-linear impulse response functions suggests that the system’s history, as well as the sign and magnitude of shocks, affect the current account’s responses to exogenous changes in income, government consumption and investment. In particular, responses to fiscal shocks depend on whether they are positive or negative and whether they follow periods of fiscal expansions or contractions. Current account responses to a positive fiscal impulse are much stronger when conditioned on periods of fiscal expansion (rising government consumption) than retrenchment. The importance of conditioning history and the magnitude of shocks in the current account’s response to shocks is confirmed by forecast error variance decomposition analysis.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-12
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-12
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A business cycle is recognized as a growth cycle in a continuously growing economy such as Korea. This paper suggests reasonable dating rules for the reference date of a business cycle using various measures of a growth cycle. These measures are a cyclical component of the coincident composite index (CI), a coincident cumulative diffusion index, and a historical diffusion index with coincident component indicators. Dating rules include identifying turning points based on these measures of the growth cycle, and various approaches which confirm and review whether these turning points are appropriate for reference dates. And the dating rules are backed up by an administrative process to determine and disseminate these turning points as the reference dates of growth cycles in Korea. The process provides a strategy that gives authority to the released reference dates and minimises errorsin the dating. However, these dating rules have strict procedures to determine the reference date because the measures of a growth cycle are revised annually and their turning points could be affected by their revisions. Usually, a new reference date requires approximately three years before it is released officially. Due to the delayed dating strategy, the present and future business conditions need to be reviewed by detecting and forecasting models of the coming turning points with leading indexes and coincident indexes.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: It is time to deliver for women and girls. Africa’s growth and development agenda can only succeed if the continent is able to draw on all its resources and talents, and if women are able to participate fully in economic, social and political life. This will require intensified efforts to eliminate discrimination and promote equal rights. The strong commitment which has been demonstrated by African governments needs to be complemented by strong support from the wider international community, within the framework of a clear allocation of responsibilities, and the clear mapping out of specific steps and measures.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.662
    Keywords: Economics ; South Africa
    Abstract: Unemployment in South Africa is extremely high and unevenly distributed, being concentrated among young less-skilled blacks. The legacies of apartheid can explain part of the increase in labour supply and inability of the economy to absorb it which produced the extreme levels of unemployment, but more could have been done to unwind those legacies and other policies and institutions have contributed to the dysfunction of the labour market. Notably, improvements in product market regulation to strengthen competition could help expand formal sector employment. Changes in municipal laws and regulations to ease migration and facilitate informal employment are also likely to be particularly important. Improving the implementation of employment protection legislation could also help reduce unemployment. Efforts to tackle crime could help reduce the brain drain and attract skilled immigrants, which would likely boost demand for less-skilled workers via complementarities. Over the longer term, improvements in basic education will be key to reducing the excess supply of less-skilled workers.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.678
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia
    Abstract: The Australian education system fares well in international comparison with regards to PISA test scores and the higher education system attracts an increasing number of foreign students. Vocational education and training (VET) is an important part of the post–secondary education system, equipping individuals with the skills to enter or re–enter the labour force and offering a pathway to further education. However, a number of challenges need to be addressed. Reducing complexity and fragmentation and tackling issues of under–supply and under–representation of children from disadvantaged groups in the early childhood education and care system is of major importance, given the beneficial impact of early education on outcomes later in life. A key challenge for the school sector is to reduce the achievement gaps of the lowest performing students, while improving overall literacy and numeracy outcomes. Greater autonomy at the school level and improvements in teaching quality would help in this regard. Enhancing the capacity of the VET system to address skill shortages is another key priority. The low rate of completion of training courses is an additional policy issue facing the sector. Finally, moving towards a less rigid policy framework for higher education would enhance flexibility and diversity, making the system more responsive to labour market needs and globalisation challenges. The promotion of a highquality education system that responds swiftly to changing skill needs is a top priority of the new government. The “Education Revolution”, backed by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), pursues reforms across all sectors of the education system, an important objective being the closing of the gap for the indigenous population.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.724
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In contrast to the once prevailing norm of secrecy and opaqueness, transparency has now become one of the main features characterising the conduct of monetary policy. Detailed analysis of eleven OECD central banks shows that communication practices have converged markedly in the direction of ever greater transparency. Empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that transparency contributes to the successful conduct of monetary policy: higher transparency is a typical element of monetary frameworks that are associated with better anchored inflation expectations and more stable inflation outcomes. Despite this general trend toward increased transparency, however, central banks differ in actual communication practices. There is a particular divergence with respect to transparency in the decision-making process and communication regarding future policy inclination. Although the appropriate degree of transparency in these areas is an unsettled issue, the fact that financial dislocation is impairing conventional monetary transmission makes these two areas critical for policy implementation.
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  • 74
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The macroeconomic policy challenges of continued globalisation
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cet article étudie les défis de politiques économiques posés par la poursuite éventuelle au cours des deux prochaines décennies de l’intégration commerciale et financière internationales. Cette étude est fondée sur l’utilisation d’un modèle macroéconomique mondial récemment développé par l’OCDE. L’analyse conduit à plusieurs implications politiques importantes. Tout d’abord, avec une part croissante des économies non membres de l’OCDE dans la production mondiale, le commerce et les marchés financiers, les changements économiques mondiaux deviendront beaucoup plus dépendants de ceux de ces économies. Ensuite, la soutenabilité des déséquilibres mondiaux des comptes courants existants dépendra en partie de la construction et de la composition futures des avoirs et engagements internationaux. Alors que les déséquilibres devraient être soutenables un certain temps si l’intégration économique continue à ce rythme, un ralentissement du processus de mondialisation augmenterait la possibilité d’un ajustement brutal des marchés financiers. Enfin, l’accroissement des liens commerciaux et internationaux implique que les chocs macroéconomiques affectant un pays ou une région donnée auront dans le futur un impact plus fort sur les autres économies que maintenant. Les décideurs politiques des pays de l’OCDE devraient donc agir plus rapidement et plus fortement aux chocs économiques affectant les économies non membres de l’OCDE afin d’en limiter l’impact sur les économies membres.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics Dir.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2009/2
    Keywords: Anlageverhalten ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study wants to spot and analyse the “final financial instruments” in which French households’ financial savings are invested by making transparent their intermediated investments with mutual funds and life insurance corporations. It attempts to identify where French households’ savings is finally allocated (France or abroad), who bears the liquidity risk and the market risk. Doing so, the role of financial intermediaries such as insurance corporations and mutual funds may be specified more accurately.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 22 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 81
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    Online Resource
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics Dir.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2009/3
    Keywords: Vertrauen ; Sozialer Wandel ; Sozialer Indikator ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the notion and role of trust in modern societies as a first step towards the construction of indicators that could better inform our understanding of societal progress. Trust is commonly viewed as a proxy indicator of social capital, and a high level of trust is considered a factor that can enhance economic growth and social well-being. Indicators of trust inform about the quality of people’s interactions with others, hence on their assessment of the extent to which other people in the community are perceived as potential partners rather than as rivals. The paper, starting from the various notions and theories of trust provided in literature, discusses different definitions of trust, its various dimensions (i.e. interpersonal and institutional trust), their relation to the broader notion of social capital, and the different factors that affect it. It then overviews the measures currently used to assess trust, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. Questions assessing the degree of trust of respondents towards other people and institutions have been asked in dozens of large-scale surveys worldwide, and these data highlight systematic relations between trust and various dimensions of economic and social well-being. The paper concludes by noting the limits of available evidence and the scope for improvements through better survey design and more comparable survey questions.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 34 - 38 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 82
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.660
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can the Financial Sector continue to be the Main Growth Engine in Luxembourg?
    Keywords: Economics ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le secteur financier a été le principal moteur de l'économie au cours des deux dernières décennies. Les avantages comparatifs du Luxembourg en matière d'activités financières résident essentiellement dans le caractère évolutif de son cadre législatif et réglementaire ainsi que dans le faible niveau de sa fiscalité. En conséquence, le Luxembourg est aujourd'hui un des principaux centres internationaux pour les fonds d'investissement. Au-delà des effets directs et indirects de ce secteur d'activité sur l'emploi, sa retombée la plus importante est l'ampleur des recettes fiscales qu'il permet aux pouvoirs publics d'engranger, puisqu'il représente directement plus de 20 % de l'ensemble des rentrées d'impôts. Cela dit, ces recettes fiscales sont très fluctuantes, dans la mesure où ce secteur est extrêmement sensible à l'évolution des marchés de capitaux internationaux. De fait, les contractions intervenues par le passé sur ces marchés ont eu tendance à entraîner un net ralentissement de la croissance de l'économie luxembourgeoise ainsi que des revenus du secteur financier, ce qui laisse à penser que les risques associés aux turbulences financières internationales actuelles sont très substantiels. Au-delà de ces considérations à court terme, le taux de croissance tendanciel du secteur va probablement diminuer à moyen terme. Les principales activités du secteur sont les prestations d'administration financière correspondant aux services de suivi de marché et de postmarché, que les nouvelles technologies de l'information permettront de délocaliser de plus en plus. Par ailleurs, le secteur a des difficultés à attirer des spécialistes hautement qualifiés pour prendre pied dans le domaine plus rémunérateur des activités de service de clientèle. À plus long terme, la concurrence internationale continuera à exercer des pressions qui pourraient finir par remettre en cause la position du Luxembourg. L'ampleur du déclin de la croissance tendancielle du secteur financier dépendra de la capacité du Luxembourg à préserver et renforcer l'attrait qu'il exerce sur les investisseurs et les travailleurs. Pour ce faire, les autorités devront parvenir à adapter leurs politiques dans les domaines de la fiscalité, des infrastructures et du logement pour attirer des étrangers très compétents, tout en révisant la réglementation du secteur financier et en renforçant sa transparence.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oleiros (La Coruña) : Netbiblo, S.L. Grupo Biblo, Spain
    ISBN: 9789264079809
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Factbook 2008; Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2008 ; Économie, environnement et société
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2008 : Économie, environnement et société
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Factbook 2008 (Libro de datos de la OCDE 2008) es la cuarta edición de una amplia y dinámica selección de estadísticas anuales de la OCDE: Con más de 100 indicadores que cubren un amplio rango de áreas: economía, agricultura, educación, energía, medio ambiente, ayuda extranjera, salud y calidad de vida, industria, información y comunicaciones, población/trabajadores, comercio e inversiones, impuestos, gasto público e investigación y desarrollo. Este año, el libro de datos de la OCDE contiene un capítulo dedicado a la productividad. Los datos son proporcionados por todos los países miembros de la OCDE con totales por regiones, y en algunos casos, de economías de países no miembros. Para cada indicador, hay una explicación de 2 páginas. La primera página de texto incluye una breve introducción seguida de una definición pormenorizada del indicador, comentarios sobre la comparación, una evaluación de tendencias a largo plazo relacionadas con el indicador, y una lista de fuentes para mayor información de los datos. La siguiente página contiene un cuadro estadístico y una gráfica que proporcionan, a simple vista, el mensaje clave que se deriva de los datos. Un enlace interactivo (StatLink) se adjunta a cada estadística remitiendo al lector a una página web en la que encontrará los datos correspondientes en formato Excel. El OCDE Factbook 2008 es una referencia clave para todo el que trabaja en temas de economía y políticas.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 173-215
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 173-215
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Life annuities – financial products that help individuals convert a lump-sum of wealth into a guaranteed life-long income stream – have an important role to play in providing a secure source of retirement income. Because annuities provide valuable insurance against longevity risk, much of the theoretical work in economics suggests that life annuities ought to comprise a large share of the retirement portfolios of most households. Yet around the world, voluntary annuity markets remain small.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264056251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (467 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264056275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (475 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Abstract: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.682
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: House prices have risen strongly in past years, helped by rising incomes and declining interest rates. At the same time, construction of new dwellings has remained fairly muted and has only recently shown signs of picking up. A characteristic feature of the Slovak housing market, and a consequence of the privatization programme initiated in the early 1990s, is the virtual absence of a private rental market. As euro membership will most likely go along with easier financial conditions and also entails limited availability of national policy tools, current housing policies will have to be adjusted. The challenges are to avoid overheating of the housing market in the medium term, in part by making supply more reactive to demand, and to phase out the hurdles that are currently impeding the private rental market, which would facilitate labour mobility. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.717
    Keywords: Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The UK financial market has been severely affected by the recent financial crisis. The crisis has exposed weaknesses in the supervisory framework as well as that for crisis management and resolution. This paper reviews the supervisory and regulatory framework and the many reforms that have already been adopted to remedy these weaknesses. It also provides recommendations for further reforms. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/uk).
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264056466
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Patent Statistics Manual
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: L’édition 2009 du Manuel de l’OCDE sur les statistiques de brevets intègre les développements récents du domaine. Elle fournit des lignes directrices pour l’utilisation des données de brevets à des fins de mesure de S&T, et des recommandations pour la compilation et l’interprétation des indicateurs de brevets dans ce contexte. Le manuel vise à montrer à quoi les données de brevets peuvent ou ne peuvent pas être utilisées, et comment compter les brevets de façon à maximiser l’information sur la S&T tout en minimisant le bruit et les biais statistiques. Enfin, il décrit comment les données de brevets peuvent être utilisées dans l’analyse d’un large spectre de thèmes liés au changement technique et à la prise de brevets, y compris les liens science-industrie, les stratégies de brevets des entreprises, l’internationalisation de la recherche, et la mesure de la valeur des brevets.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.687
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between the volatility of government consumption and country size. Using a sample of 160 countries from 1960 to 2000 the main findings of our empirical analysis suggest that: 1) smaller countries have more volatile non-discretionary and discretionary government consumption, and also a more volatile government size; 2) the relation between government spending volatility and the size of a country is more negative for more volatile economies; 3) the relation between government consumption volatility and country size is more negative for functions of government spending that are characterized by a high level on non-rivality. The results are robust to different time and country samples, different econometric techniques and to several sets of control variables.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.691
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Climate change is expected to have significant implications for the world economy and, more broadly, for many areas of human activity. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, it is to summarise current estimates of the impacts of climate change and to explain how these estimates are built in order to identify the main sources of uncertainty and approximation affecting them. Second, the paper discusses how this uncertainty should influence policymaker?s decisions. A main conclusion of the review is that there are large uncertainties, which are not fully reflected in existing estimates of global impacts of climate change in monetary units. Nonetheless, despite these uncertainties, policy action may be justified, provided that policies are cost-effective, even if the marginal cost of GHG emissions mitigation exceeds the marginal damage of one additional ton of carbon. This is because two features of the impacts of climate change tilt the balance in favour of action: their irreversibility, and the risk that they are extreme.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.700
    Keywords: Economics ; Estonia
    Abstract: From 2000 to 2007, Estonia was one of the fastest growing emerging market economies. A housing boom, fuelled by capital inflows and credit, resulted in skyrocketing house prices and an over-expanded construction sector. However, the currency board limited the Bank of Estonia’s ability to curb credit growth, while the fiscal policy framework amplified the cycle through pro-cyclical spending increases and tax cuts. As credit was mostly financed by cross-border loans from foreign banks, the risks of disruptions to credit flows and financial contagion have increased. Some have already materialised through tightened lending standards and capital outflows. Estonia is now in a severe recession. To restore high and sustainable growth, the country will need to rebalance its resources from non-tradables towards exports. Regaining external competitiveness will be challenging, however, given the fixed exchange rate and recent devaluations in partner countries. Flexibility of the economy will thus be crucial. Over the medium term, policymakers could also strengthen incentives for a better functioning of the housing finance market and gradually remove the pro-cyclical bias of fiscal policy.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.709
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper breaks new ground by providing comparable estimates of intergenerational wage and education persistence across 14 European OECD countries based on a new micro data from Eurostat. A further novelty is that it examines the potential role of public policies and labour and product market institutions in explaining observed differences in intergenerational wage mobility across countries. The empirical estimates show that intergenerational wage persistence is relatively high in southern European countries, as well as in the United Kingdom. Likewise, intergenerational persistence in education is relatively high both in southern European countries and in Luxembourg and Ireland. By contrast, both persistence in wages and education tends to be lower in Nordic countries. In addition, empirical results show that education is one important driver of intergenerational wage persistence across European countries. There is a positive crosscountry correlation between intergenerational wage mobility and redistributive policies, as well as a positive correlation between wage-setting institutions that compress the wage distribution and mobility.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.698
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper formalises the analysis of the employment-productivity trade-off by extending the framework developed by Gordon (1997) to account for labour heterogeneity. The extent of the trade-off is determined by the extent of the adjustment of capital to effective labour and by the changes in aggregate labour quality. The main experiment reported in the paper consists of assessing the labour utilisation and productivity impacts in OECD countries of aligning group-specific employment rates to the US levels. Matching the US employment performance defined in that sense would enable low-employment OECD countries to reduce only half of the aggregate employment-rate gap vis-à-vis the United States, the other half being mechanically due to differences in the population structure by age and educational attainment. In this experiment, a 1% gain in employment is associated with a decrease of 0.24% in labour productivity on average across countries, and of 0.35% in low-employment countries.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.680
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: As in other catch-up countries inflation is likely to stay high going forward due to nominal convergence. To better cope with the risk of a too rapid pick up of wages during the convergence process on the one hand and to raise the adjustment potential of the economy to macroeconomic shocks on the other, labour and product market flexibility is essential. Three main areas for improvement are discussed in this chapter. First, wage flexibility should be safeguarded by avoiding significant increases in minimum wages and by abolishing legal extension of collective wage settlements. Second, competition needs to be strengthened, especially in the liberal professions where entry and conduct regulation should be eased. In addition, the points of single contact that already exist for small enterprises should be extended to entrepreneurs of the liberal professions. Third, a wider use of information and communication technology (ICT) could lead to important productivity gains. Removing obstacles to the spread of e-business and a swift implementation of e-government are imperative. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 19-41
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 19-41
    Keywords: Economics ; Singapore
    Abstract: A dynamic factor model is applied to a large panel dataset of Singapore’s macroeconomic variables and global economic indicators with the initial objective of analysing business cycles in a small open economy. The empirical results suggest that four common factors – which can broadly be interpreted as world, regional, electronics and domestic economic cycles – capture a large proportion of the co-variation in the quarterly time series. The estimated factor model also explains well the observed fluctuations in real economic activity and price inflation, leading us to use it in forecasting Singapore’s business cycles. We find that the forecasts generated by the factors are generally more accurate than the predictions of univariate models and vector autoregressions that employ leading indicators.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les origines de la mondialisation financière 1880-1913
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: This study traces the roots of global financial integration in the first “modern” era of globalisation from 1880 to 1913 and can serve as a valuable tool to current-day policy dilemmas by using historical data to see which policies in the past led to enhanced international financing for development. A major conclusion is that the successful management of international financial integration depends primarily on broad institutional and political factors and financial policies, rather than simply opening or closing individual economies to the international winds. "A careful and vigorously argued monograph… an important book that future research in this area will have to take into account." – eh.net book review by Hugh Rockoff of Rutgers University.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.660
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur financier peut-il rester le principal moteur de la croissance au Luxembourg?
    Keywords: Economics ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: The financial sector has emerged as the main economic engine over the past two decades. The comparative advantages of placing financial activities in Luxembourg have mostly been in terms of an adaptive legislative and regulatory framework and low taxation. As a result, Luxembourg is today one of the main international centres for investment funds. Besides the sector’s direct and indirect employment effects, the most important effect is the large tax revenue generating capacity of the sector, accounting directly for over 20% of aggregate tax revenues. On the other hand, these tax revenues are volatile as the sector is highly sensitive to developments in international financial markets. Indeed, past downturns in international financial markets have tended to lead to a sharp slowdown of growth in the economy as well as in revenues, pointing to potential large risks associated with the current turmoil in international financial markets. Besides these short-term considerations, a lower trend growth rate of the sector is likely over the medium term. The main activities of the sector are in middle and back offices dealing with financial administration which, with new IT technologies, will tend to be increasingly outsourced. At the same time, the sector is having problems in attracting highly specialised talent to enter higher value front office activities. Over the longer term, international competition will continue to exert pressures that may eventually erode Luxembourg’s position. The extent of the decline in the sector’s trend growth depends on the ability to maintain and expand the attractiveness of investing and working in Luxembourg. Achieving this will depend on being able to adjust tax, infrastructure, and housing policies to attract foreign talent while updating and increasing the transparency of financial sector regulation.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-25
    Keywords: Economics ; India
    Abstract: This paper assesses the extent to which India's regulatory environment promotes or inhibits competition in markets where technology and market conditions make competition viable. The analysis is based on the OECD’s indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR) which have been used extensively over the last decade to benchmark regulatory frameworks in OECD countries and have proven useful in encouraging countries to implement structural reforms that enhance economic performance.
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