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  • Online Resource  (1,565)
  • 2005-2009  (1,550)
  • 1965-1969  (15)
  • Economics  (1,565)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Springer New York
    ISBN: 9781441900661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. Powell, Jason The Welfare State in post-industrial society
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Economics ; Political science ; Sociology ; Migration ; Social Sciences ; Public welfare ; Welfare state ; Globalization ; Social aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wohlfahrtsstaat
    URL: Cover
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9780387883700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Assessing Emotional Intelligence
    DDC: 155.2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychiatry ; Economics ; Applied psychology ; Consciousness ; Psychology ; Gefühl ; Intelligenz ; Psychometrie ; Psychologische Diagnostik ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Gefühl ; Intelligenz ; Psychometrie
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9780230250666 , 0230250661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 13 figures, 4.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Edition: Palgrave connect. Economics and Finance collection
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 302.35
    Keywords: Communication ; Values ; Social institutions Economic aspects ; Institutional economics ; Sociology ; Economics ; Society ; Sociology, bicssc ; Economics, bicssc ; Society, ukslc ; Sociology, thema ; Economics, thema
    Abstract: List of Tables, Figures, Boxes Preface Introduction Economy & Society (How do they relate?) Institutions, Institutional Change and Language Structure, Agency and the Role of Values in Processes of Institutional Change Silent Trade Knowledge Coordination and Development via Market, Hierarchy and Gift Exchange Making Knowledge Work in Organizations Path Dependence in Organization Consumption of Symbolic Goods Law & Economics: bankruptcy law Conclusion References Index
    Abstract: Institutions are man-made entities and their workings, as well as the changes they may undergo, is fundamentally imbued in language and communication. In analysing the role of socio-cultural values, this book argues that communication and language is inseparable from both the economy and a meaningful understanding of insitutions, Institutions are man-made entities and their workings, the changes they undergo, as well as the way they need to be understood, is fundamentally imbued in language and communication. Through these social interactions, distinctions are created, emphases are placed and connections and belongings emerge. This book analyses the roles of socio-cultural values in the processes of institutional change. It examines the highly symbolic nature of communication and language and considers how it affects relations within the economy, between the market and society and how it contributes to welfare and well-being. This greatly debated topic dates back to the theoretical considerations of social order in which Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith and David Hume were among the most important early contributors. Wilfred Dolfsma provides a theoretical, methodological and empirical study, which argues that communication and language are inseparable from both the economy as well as from a meaningful understanding of institutions and institutional change
    Abstract: Electronic book text. - Originally published in: 2009
    Note: Adobe Ebook Reader.
    URL: Cover
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9783834988126
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    Edition: 2009 Springer eBook Collection. Business and Economics
    DDC: 658.40520951
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economics ; Industrial management ; China ; Auslandsgeschäft ; Geschäftsverbindung ; Verhandlungsführung ; Kulturkontakt ; Interkulturelles Management
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge
    ISBN: 0415435803 , 0203887646 , 9780415435802 , 9780203887646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 194 p) , ill
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Routledge frontiers of political economy 116
    Parallel Title: Print version Economics, Rational Choice and Normative Philosophy
    DDC: 302.13
    Keywords: Economics ; Philosophy ; Rational choice theory
    Abstract: Leading international experts in the field of normative social choice theory, complemented by experts in economic methodology and political science discuss the major developments arising from collaboration between experts in these cognate disciplines
    Description / Table of Contents: Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Introduction; Part I: Diversity, rights, norms and intentions; 1 What is diversity?; 2 Intentions, decisions and rationality; 3 Waiving and exercising rights in the theory of social situations; 4 Consequentialist choice and behavior: A comparison; Part II: Social choice, judgment aggregation and rationality of legal order; 5 Social choice, fuzzy preferences and manipulations; 6 Judgment aggregation under constraints; 7 Rationality and the legal order; Part III: Philosophical aspects of normative social choice
    Description / Table of Contents: 8 Distributing causal responsibility in collectivities9 The logic of valuing; 10 Holistic defences of rational choice theory: A critique of Davidson and Pettit; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783902719140
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (276 p.))
    Keywords: Religion: general ; Politics & government ; Economics
    Abstract: "Band 4 gibt einen Überblick über zentrale Problemstellungen in der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis von Religion und Sozialwissenschaften einerseits, und den spannungsreichen Beziehungen zwischen Religion, Politik, Wirtschaft und struktureller wie offener Gewalt andererseits. Die Aufsatzsammlung empfiehlt sich als Einführung für Studierende in gleichem Maße wie für ein interessiertes Fachpublikum. Mit Beiträgen von Frank Adloff, Emil Brix, José Casanova, Andreas Exenberger, Wilhelm Guggenberger, Gerhard Larcher, Walter Reese-Schäfer, Dietmar Regensburger, Harald Stelzer, Kristina Stöckl, Evert van der Zweerde, Harald Wydra
    Abstract: "The publications of the interdisciplinary and internationally networked Research Platform “World Order – Religion – Violence” seek to improve our understanding of the relationship between religion, politics and violence. It therefore deals especially with the return of religious themes and symbols into politics, with the analysis of the link between political theory and religion, and finally with the critical discussion of the secularization thesis. At the centre of the research are questions concerning the causes of violent conflict, the possibilities for a just world order and the conditions for peaceful coexistence on a local, regional, national and international/worldwide scale between communities in the face of divergent religious and ideological convictions.Its task is to initiate and coordinate thematically related research-efforts from various disciplinary backgrounds at the University of Innsbruck. It creates a network between departments, research-teams and single researchers working on topics of religion, politics and violence. The overall aim of the research platform World Order-Religion-Violence is to promote excellence in social and human science research on religion and politics at the University of Innsbruck and to guarantee the diffusion of this particular competence on a national and international level
    Note: German
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vienna : Springer-Verlag Vienna
    ISBN: 9783211926628
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Schriftenreihe der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Europaforschung (ECSA Austria) / European Community Studies Association of Austria Publication Series 12
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The EU and emerging markets
    DDC: 380.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; EU-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Development Economics ; Economic policy ; Economics ; International economics ; Economics/Management Science ; Economics ; Development Economics ; Economic policy ; International economics ; Konferenzschrift 2007 ; Konferenzschrift ; Europäische Union ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Osteuropa ; Lateinamerika ; Asien ; Europäische Union ; Direktinvestition ; Außenhandel ; Osteuropa ; Lateinamerika ; Asien ; Europäische Union ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Osteuropa ; Lateinamerika ; Asien ; Direktinvestition ; Außenhandel
    Abstract: The European Union has initiated a number of trade agreements with emerging markets over the past decade. The high growth and fast development of market demand in the emerging markets of Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America is seen as a major chance by European exporters to market their high value added products and services and to get access to investment opportunities in these countries. For the emerging markets, in turn, the EU is the major market for their rich natural resources and low wage manufactures. However, emerging markets have also started to become exporters of higher value add
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Preliminary""; ""Part 1 / Introduction: The EU and Emerging Markets""; ""European Union Trade and Investment Relations with Emerging Markets""; ""Offshoring: Why Do Stories Differ?""; ""Part 2 / The EU and Eastern Europe""; ""Home Market Effects of Outward FDI: Evidence Based on Amadeus Firm-Level Data""; ""The Effect of Trade and FDI on Employment in Central and Eastern European Countries: A Country-Specific Panel Data Analysis for the Manufacturing Industry""; ""Foreign Direct Investment Determinants in Post-Crisis Russia: Empirical Evidence""; ""Part 3 / The EU and Latin America""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""On Transport Costs and Sectoral Trade: Further Evidence for Latin-American Imports from the European Union""""Evolving Patterns of Trade between Brazil and the European Union 1994 2005""; ""Trade Integration in Manufacturing: The Chilean Experience""; ""Comparing French and Spanish Exports to Emerging and Developed Markets""; ""Part 4 / The EU and Asian Economies""; ""Assessing the Complementarity between the EU and ASEAN Economies""; ""Vietman s Export to the EU: An Overview and Assessment using the Constant Market Share based Approach""; ""Back matter""
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [s.l.] : Firenze University Press
    ISBN: 9788884534064
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study proposes a reading of the financial statements of co-operatives operating within the Florentine metropolitan area, with a view to underscoring business aspects of a quantitative and monetary nature. The entrepreneurial nature of the co-operatives is taken as read, focusing as with any other corporate entity on assets and economic results as indicators of success. The financial statements were collected from co-operatives with their registered offices in the provinces of Florence, Prato and Pistoia for the financial years 2004-2007, and the accounts were then aggregated, reclassified and analysed. The observations on the resulting data are then broken down by province and by type of co-operative (A or B)
    Note: All rights reserved , Italian
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
    ISBN: 9783531913506
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229S, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Priddat, Birger P., 1950 - Politische Ökonomie
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Neue politische Ökonomie ; Öffentliche Güter ; Ordnungspolitik ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Kommunikationsmedien ; Gewerkschaft ; Kulturökonomik ; Open Source ; Unternehmensnetzwerk ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Sozialreform ; Deutschland ; Sociology ; Social Sciences, general ; Economics ; Politische Ökonomie ; Wirtschaft ; Politik ; Gesellschaft ; Ökonomische Theorie der Politik
    URL: Cover
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hamburg : Hamburg University Press
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; The environment
    Abstract: The International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development[IAASTD] adopted in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2008, is the result of a unique cooperative effort by UN and other international organizations, 60 governments and more than 400 scientists from all over the world.A Global Report and five Regional Reports describe the main problems facing agriculture, food, the environment and human health today and show how the urgent need for a turnaround towards sustainable, environmentally and socially equitable development and food security for a growing world population can be achieved in practice. The synthesis report now published in German summarizes the central analyses and options
    Note: German
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Im Mittelpunkt dieses Bandes stehen die deutsch-niederländischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. Auf deren stürmisches Wachstum im späten 19. Jahrhundert folgten in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts mehrere krisen- und kriegsbedingte Rückschläge. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erreichten sie ein im internationalen Vergleich beispielloses Ausmaß. Sowohl aus niederländischer als auch deutscher Perspektive spricht vieles dafür, die Wirtschaftsgeschichte beider Länder in ihrer Reziprozität zu erforschen. Neben historisch-chronologischen Übersichten zu den Wirtschaftsbeziehungen setzen die Beiträge thematische Schwerpunkte, unter anderem zur Bedeutung des Rotterdamer Hafens für beide Länder und zur Geschichte des niederländisch-britischen Multinationals Unilever in Deutschland
    Note: German
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, Glos, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781848449213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 369 p) , ports
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Horn, Karen, 1966 - Roads to wisdom, conversations with ten Nobel laureates in economics
    DDC: 330.109
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nobelpreis ; Ökonomen ; Economics History ; Economists Interviews ; Electronic books ; Economists ; Interviews ; Economics ; History ; Interview ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Nobelpreisträger
    Abstract: Karen Horn's remarkable interviews with ten Nobel Laureates explore the conditions required for scientific progress by navigating the 'roads to wisdom' in economic science
    Abstract: pt. I. All those roads to wisdom : questions -- pt. II. The interviews -- pt. III. All those roads to wisdom : answers
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 326-357) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781785362859
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 735 pages) , cm
    Series Statement: Pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics 4
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wassily W. Leontief, Leonid V. Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans and J. Richard N. Stone
    Keywords: Leontief, Wassily W. ; Kantorovič, Leonid V. ; Koopmans, Tjalling C. ; Stone, Richard ; Stone, Richard ; Kantorovich, L. V ; Koopmans, Tjalling C ; Leontief, Wassily ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Leontief, Wassily W. 1906-1999 ; Kantorovič, Leonid V. 1912-1986 ; Stone, Richard 1913-1991 ; Koopmans, Tjalling C. 1910-1985 ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Nobelpreis
    Abstract: This groundbreaking series brings together a critical selection of key papers by the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics that have helped shape the development and present state of economics. The editors have organised this comprehensive series by theme and each volume focuses on those Laureates working in the same broad area of study. The careful selection of papers within each volume is set in context by an insightful introduction to the Laureates' careers and main published works. This landmark series will be an essential reference for scholars throughout the world
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Wassily W. Leontief (1936), 'Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic System of the United States', Review of Economic Statistics, XVIII (3), August, 105-25, tables -- Wassily Leontief (1946), 'Wages, Profit and Prices', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXI (1), November, 26-39 -- Wassily Leontief (1953a), 'Dynamic Analysis', in Studies in the Structure of the American Economy: Theoretical and Empirical Explorations in Input-Output Analysis, Chapter 3, New York: Oxford University Press, 53-90 and 486-93 -- Wassily Leontief (1953b), 'Domestic Production and Foreign Trade; The American Capital Position Re-examined', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 97 (4), September, 332-49 -- Wassily Leontief (1956), 'Factor Proportions and the Structure of American Trade: Further Theoretical and Empirical Analysis', Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXVIII, November, 386-407 -- Wassily Leontief (1970), 'Environmental Repercussions and the Economic Structure: An Input-Output Approach', Review of Economics and Statistics, LII (3), August, 262-71 -- L. Kantorovich (1958), 'On the Translocation of Masses', Management Science, 5 (1), October, 1-4 -- L.V. Kantorovich (1960), 'Mathematical Methods of Organizing and Planning Production', Management Science, 6 (4), July, 366-422 -- L.V. Kantorovich (1964), 'Further Development of Mathematical Methods and the Prospects of their Application in Economic Planning', in A. Nove (ed) (ed.), The Use of Mathematics in Economics, Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 281-321 -- Leonid V. Kantorovich (1976), 'Economic Problems of Scientific and Technical Progress', Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 78 (4), December, 521-41 -- Leonid V. Kantorovich (1989), 'Mathematics in Economics: Achievements, Difficulties, Perspectives - Nobel Memorial Lecture, December 11, 1975', American Economic Review, 79 (6), December, 18-22 -- Tjalling Koopmans (1945), 'Statistical Estimation of Simultaneous Economic Relations', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 40 (232, Part 1), December, 448-66 -- Tjalling C. Koopmans (1947), 'Measurement Without Theory', Review of Economic Statistics, XXIX (3), August, 161-72 -- Tjalling C. Koopmans (1949), 'Identification Problems in Economic Model Construction', Econometrica, 17 (2), April, 125-44 -- Tjalling C. Koopmans ([1951] 1971), 'Analysis of Production as an Efficient Combination of Activities', in T.C. Koopmans (ed) (ed.), Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, Proceedings of a Conference, Chapter 3, Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 33-97, references -- Tjalling C. Koopmans (1964), 'Economic Growth at a Maximal Rate', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXVIII (3), August, 355-94 -- Tjalling C. Koopmans (1965), 'On the Concept of Optimal Economic Growth', Study Week on the Econometric Approach to Development Planning, Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Scripta Varia, 28 (1), 225-87 -- J.E. Meade and Richard Stone (1941), 'The Construction of Tables of National Income, Expenditure, Savings and Investment', Economic Journal, 51 (202/203), June-September, 216-33 -- Richard Stone (1945), 'The Analysis of Market Demand', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, CVIII, III and IV, 286-382
    Abstract: Richard Stone (1947), 'Definition and Measurement of the National Income and Related Totals', appendix to Measurement of National Income and the Construction of Social Accounts, Report of the Sub-Committee on National Income Statistics of the League of Nations Committee of Statistical Experts, Studies and Reports on Statistical Methods, No. 7, Geneva: United Nations, 21, 23-113 -- Richard Stone (1954), 'Linear Expenditure Systems and Demand Analysis: An Application to the Pattern of British Demand', Economic Journal, 64 (255), September, 511-27
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781785362842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 588 pages) , cm
    Series Statement: An Elgar reference collection
    Series Statement: Pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics 3
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trygve Haavelmo, James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden, Robert F. Engle and Clive W. J. Granger
    Keywords: Haavelmo, Trygve M. ; Heckman, James J. ; McFadden, Daniel ; Engle, Robert F. ; Granger, C. W. J. ; Granger, C. W. J ; Engle, R. F ; Heckman, James J ; McFadden, Daniel ; Haavelmo, Trygve ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Heckman, James J. 1944- ; Haavelmo, Trygve M. 1911-1999 ; Granger, C. W. J. 1934-2009 ; McFadden, Daniel 1937- ; Engle, Robert F. 1942- ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Nobelpreis
    Abstract: This groundbreaking series brings together a critical selection of key papers by the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics that have helped shape the development and present state of economics. The editors have organised this comprehensive series by theme and each volume focuses on those Laureates working in the same broad area of study. The careful selection of papers within each volume is set in context by an insightful introduction to the Laureates' careers and main published works. This landmark series will be an essential reference for scholars throughout the world
    Abstract: C.W.J. Granger and P. Newbold (1974), 'Spurious Regressions in Econometrics', Journal of Econometrics, 2 (2), July, 111-20 -- C.W.J. Granger (1981), 'Some Properties of Time Series Data and Their Use in Econometric Model Specification', Journal of Econometrics, 16 (1) May, 121-30 -- C.W.J. Granger and A.A. Weiss (1983), 'Time Series Analysis of Error-Correction Models', in Samuel Karlin (ed), Takeshi Amemiya (ed) and Leo A. Goodman (ed) (eds), Studies in Econometrics, Time Series, and Multivariate Statistics, New York: Academic Press, 255-78
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Trygve Haavelmo (1943a), 'The Statistical Implications of a System of Simultaneous Equations', Econometrica, 11 (1), January, 1-12 -- Trygve Haavelmo (1943b), 'Statistical Testing of Business-Cycle Theories', Review of Economic Statistics, 25 (1), February, 13-18 -- Trygve Haavelmo (1944), 'The Probability Approach in Econometrics', Econometrica, 12, Supplement, July, iii-viii, 1-115 -- M.A. Girshick and Trygve Haavelmo (1947), 'Statistical Analysis of the Demand for Food: Examples of Simultaneous Estimation of Structural Equations', Econometrica, 15 (2), April, 79-110 -- James Heckman (1974), 'Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply', Econometrica, 42 (4), July, 679-94 -- James J. Heckman (1976), 'A Life-Cycle Model of Earnings, Learning, and Consumption', Journal of Political Economy, 84 (4, Part 2), August, S11-S44, references -- James J. Heckman (1979), 'Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error', Econometrica, 47 (1), January, 153-61 -- James Heckman (1990), 'Varieties of Selection Bias', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 80 (2), May, 313-18 -- Stephen V. Cameron and James J. Heckman (1998), 'Life Cycle Schooling and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts of American Males', Journal of Political Economy, 106 (2), April, 262-333 -- James J. Heckman, Thomas M. Lyons and Petra E. Todd (2000), 'Understanding Black-White Wage Differentials, 1960-1990', American Economic Review, 90, (2), May, 344-9 -- Daniel McFadden (1974), 'Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior', in Paul Zarembka (ed) (ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics, Chapter 4, New York: Academic Press, 105-42 -- Daniel McFadden (1975), 'The Revealed Preferences of a Government Bureaucracy: Theory', Bell Journal of Economics, 6 (2), Autumn, 401-16 -- Daniel McFadden (1976), 'The Revealed Preferences of a Government Bureaucracy: Empirical Evidence', Bell Journal of Economics, 7 (1), Spring, 55-72 -- Daniel McFadden (1978), 'Modelling the Choice of Residential Location', in Anders Karlqvist (ed), Lars Lundqvist (ed), Folke Snickars (ed) and Jörgen W. Weibull (ed) (eds), Spatial Interaction Theory and Planning Models, Chapter 3, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 75-96 -- Robert F. Engle (1982), 'Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation', Econometrica, 50 (4), July, 987-1007 -- Robert F. Engle, David M. Lilien and Russell P. Robins (1987), 'Estimating Time Varying Risk Premia in the Term Structure: The ARCH-M Model', Econometrica, 55 (2), March, 391-407 -- Robert F. Engle and C.W.J. Granger (1987), 'Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing', Econometrica, 55 (2), March, 251-76 -- C.W.J. Granger (1969), 'Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods', Econometrica, 37 (3), July, 424-38 -- J.M Bates and C.W.J. Granger (1969), 'The Combination of Forecasts', Operational Research Quarterly, 20 (4), December, 451-68
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781784712761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 v) , ill , cm
    Series Statement: The international library of critical writings in economics
    Series Statement: An Elgar reference collection
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The new behavioral economics
    DDC: 330.019
    Keywords: Economics Psychological aspects ; Economics ; Psychological aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This three-volume set contains over seventy valuable references written by economists, psychologists and social scientists that examine the field of new behavioural economics. The articles demonstrate how new behavioural economics and decision sciences deal with different issues with almost the same response - to include a new taste in utility function. In his original introduction Professor Khalil investigates the strengths and weaknesses of the literature and provides an essential insight into this field of study
    Abstract: Brigitte C. Madrian and Dennis F. Shea (2001), 'The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI (4), November, 1149-87 -- David Bowman, Deborah Minehart and Matthew Rabin (1999), 'Loss Aversion in a Consumption-Savings Model', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 38, 155-78 -- Terrance Odean (1998), 'Are Investors Reluctant to Realize Their Losses?', Journal of Finance, LIII (5), October, 1775-98 -- David Genesove and Christopher Mayer (2001), 'Loss Aversion and Seller Behavior: Evidence from the Housing Market', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI (4), November, 1233-60 -- Botond Ko ̋szegi and Matthew Rabin (2006), 'A Model of Reference-Dependent Preferences', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXXI (4), November, 1133-65 -- George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton (2000), 'Economics and Identity', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXV (3), August, 715-53 -- George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton (2005), 'Identity and the Economics of Organizations', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (1), Winter, 9-32 -- Robert Sugden (2004), 'The Opportunity Criterion: Consumer Sovereignty Without the Assumption of Coherent Preferences', American Economic Review, 94 (4), September, 1014-33 -- Roland Bénabou and Jean Tirole (2002), 'Self-Confidence and Personal Motivation', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVII (3), August, 871-915 -- Roland Bénabou and Jean Tirole (2003), 'Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation', Review of Economic Studies, 70, 489-520 -- John Geanakoplos, David Pearce and Ennio Stacchetti (1989), 'Psychological Games and Sequential Rationality', Games and Economic Behavior, 1, 60-79 -- Bruno S. Frey and Felix Oberholzer-Gee (1997), 'The Cost of Price Incentives: An Empirical Analysis of Motivation Crowding-Out', American Economic Review, 87 (4), September, 746-55 -- Jon Elster (1998), 'Emotions and Economic Theory', Journal of Economic Literature, XXXVI (1), March, 47-74 -- Andrew Caplin and John Leahy (2001), 'Psychological Expected Utility Theory and Anticipatory Feelings', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI (1), February, 55-79 -- Botond Kőszegi (2006), 'Emotional Agency', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXXI (1), February, 121-55
    Abstract: Gary Charness and Matthew Rabin (2002), 'Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVII (3), August, 817-69 -- David K. Levine (1998), 'Modeling Altruism and Spitefulness in Experiments', Review of Economic Dynamics, 1, 593-622 -- Ernst Fehr, Alexander Klein and Klaus M. Schmidt (2007), 'Fairness and Contract Design', Econometrica, 75 (1), January, 121-54 -- Elizabeth Hoffman, Kevin McCabe and Vernon L. Smith (1996), 'Social Distance and Other-Regarding Behavior in Dictator Games', American Economic Review, 86 (3), June, 653-60 -- John A. List (2007), 'On the Interpretation of Giving in Dictator Games', Journal of Political Economy, 115 (3), 482-93 -- Shane Frederick, George Loewenstein and Ted O'Donoghue (2002), 'Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review', Journal of Economic Literature, XL (2), June, 351-401 -- R.H. Strotz (1956), 'Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization', Review of Economic Studies, 23 (3), 165-80 -- R.A. Pollak (1968), 'Consistent Planning', Review of Economic Studies, 35 (2), April, 201-8 -- Steven M. Goldman (1980), 'Consistent Plans', Review of Economic Studies, 47 (3), 533-7 -- George Ainslie (2005), 'Précis of Breakdown of Will ', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28 (5), 635-73 -- Daniel Read (2001), 'Is Time-Discounting Hyperbolic or Subadditive?', Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 23 (1), 5-32 -- Stefano DellaVigna and Ulrike Malmendier (2006), 'Paying Not to Go to the Gym', American Economic Review, 96 (3), June, 694-719 -- Dan Ariely and Klaus Wertenbroch (2002), 'Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment', Psychological Science, 13 (3), May, 219-24 -- David Laibson (1997), 'Golden Eggs and Hyperbolic Discounting', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXII (2), May, 443-77 -- George-Marios Angeletos, David Laibson, Andrea Repetto, Jeremy Tobacman and Stephen Weinberg (2001), 'The Hyperbolic Consumption Model: Calibration, Simulation, and Empirical Evaluation', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (3), Summer, 47-68 -- Ted O'Donoghue and Matthew Rabin (1999), 'Doing It Now or Later', American Economic Review, 89 (1), March, 103-24 -- Ted O'Donoghue and Matthew Rabin (2001), 'Choice and Procrastination', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI (1), February, 121-60 -- Roland Bénabou and Jean Tirole (2004), 'Willpower and Personal Rules', Journal of Political Economy, 112 (4), 848-86 -- Juan D. Carrillo and Thomas Mariotti (2000), 'Strategic Ignorance as a Self-Disciplining Device', Review of Economic Studies, 67, 529-44
    Abstract: M.E. Yaari and M. Bar-Hillel (1984), 'On Dividing Justly', Social Choice and Welfare, 1, 1-24 -- Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard Thaler (1986), 'Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market', American Economic Review, 76 (4), September, 728-41 -- Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard H. Thaler (1986), 'Fairness and the Assumptions of Economics', Journal of Business, 59 (4, Part 2), October, S285-S300 -- Robyn M. Dawes and Richard H. Thaler (1988), 'Anomalies: Cooperation', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2 (3), Summer, 187-97 -- Richard H. Thaler (1988), 'Anomalies: The Ultimatum Game', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2 (4), Fall, 195-206 -- Colin Camerer and Richard H. Thaler (1995), 'Anomalies: Ultimatums, Dictators and Manners', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9 (2), Spring, 209-19 -- Sally Blount (1995), 'When Social Outcomes Aren't Fair: The Effect of Causal Attributions on Preferences', Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 63 (2), August, 131-44 -- Gary E. Bolton (1991), 'A Comparative Model of Bargaining: Theory and Evidence', American Economic Review, 81 (5), December, 1096-136 -- Matthew Rabin (1993), 'Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics', American Economic Review, 83 (5), December, 1281-302 -- Gary E. Bolton and Axel Ockenfels (2000), 'ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition', American Economic Review, 90 (1), March, 166-93 -- Ernst Fehr and Klaus M. Schmidt (1999), 'A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXIV (3), August, 817-68 -- Patrick Francois and Jan Zabojnik (2005), 'Trust, Social Capital, and Economic Development', Journal of the European Economic Association, 3 (1), March, 51-94 -- Herbert Gintis (2000), 'Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality', Journal of Theoretical Biology, 206, 169-79 -- Urs Fischbacher, Simon Gächter and Ernst Fehr (2001), 'Are People Conditionally Cooperative? Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment', Economics Letters, 71, 397-404 -- Robert Kurzban and Daniel Houser (2005), 'Experiments Investigating Cooperative Types in Humans: A Complement to Evolutionary Theory and Simulations', Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 102 (5), February 1, 1803-7 -- Erte Xiao and Daniel Houser (2005), 'Emotion Expression in Human Punishment Behavior', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102 (20), May, 7398-401 -- James Andreoni (1995), 'Cooperation in Public-Goods Experiments: Kindness or Confusion?', American Economic Review, 85 (4), September, 891-904 -- Daniel Houser and Robert Kurzban (2002), 'Revisiting Kindness and Confusion in Public Goods Experiments', American Economic Review, 92 (4), September, 1062-9 -- James Andreoni and John Miller (2002), 'Giving According to GARP: An Experimental Test of the Consistency of Preferences for Altruism', Econometrica, 70 (2), March, 737-53
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): v. 1. A taste of fairness -- v. 2. A taste for the present -- v. 3. Tastes for endowment, identity and the emotions
    Abstract: Richard H. Thaler and H.M. Shefrin (1981), 'An Economic Theory of Self-Control', Journal of Political Economy, 89 (2), April, 392-406 -- Hersh M. Shefrin and Richard H. Thaler (1988), 'The Behavioral Life-Cycle Hypothesis', Economic Inquiry, XXVI (4), October, 609-43 -- B. Douglas Bernheim and Antonio Rangel (2004), 'Addiction and Cue-Triggered Decision Processes', American Economic Review, 94 (5), December, 1558-90 -- David Laibson (2001), 'A Cue-Theory of Consumption', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI (1), February, 81-119 -- Drew Fudenberg and David K. Levine (2006), 'A Dual-Self Model of Impulse Control', American Economic Review, 96 (5), December, 1449-76 -- Faruk Gul and Wolfgang Pesendorfer (2004), 'Self-Control and the Theory of Consumption', Econometrica, 72 (1), January, 119-58 -- Faruk Gul and Wolfgang Pesendorfer (2004), 'Self Control, Revealed Preference and Consumption Choice', Review of Economic Dynamics, 7, April, 243-64 -- George Loewenstein (1987), 'Anticipation and the Valuation of Delayed Consumption', Economic Journal, 97 (387), September, 666-84 -- George Loewenstein, Ted O'Donoghue and Matthew Rabin (2003), 'Projection Bias in Predicting Future Utility', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVIII (4), November, 1209-48 -- Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1979), 'Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk', Econometrica, 47 (2), March, 263-91 -- Richard Thaler (1980), 'Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1, 39-60 -- Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard H. Thaler (1991), 'Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (1), Winter, 193-206 -- Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1986), 'Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions', Journal of Business, 59 (4, Part 2), S251-S278 -- Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1991), 'Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CVI (4), 1039-61 -- Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard H. Thaler (1990), 'Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem', Journal of Political Economy, 98 (6), 1325-48 -- Jack L. Knetsch (1989), 'The Endowment Effect and Evidence of Nonreversible Indifference Curves', American Economic Review, 79 (5), December, 1277-84 -- Ian Bateman, Alistair Munro, Bruce Rhodes, Chris Starmer and Robert Sugden (1997), 'A Test of the Theory of Reference-Dependent Preferences', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXII, May, 479-505 -- John A. List (2004), 'Neoclassical Theory Versus Prospect Theory: Evidence from the Marketplace', Econometrica, 72 (2), March, 615-25 -- Shlomo Benartzi and Richard H. Thaler (1995), 'Myopic Loss Aversion and the Equity Premium Puzzle', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CX (1), February, 73-92
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.741
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How to Reform the Belgian Tax System to Enhance Economic Growth
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: Les éléments constitutifs du système fiscal belge influe sur le processus de croissance par des canaux différents et à des degrés divers. Les impôts sur la consommation sont parmi ceux qui faussent le moins la croissance et il est tout à fait possible, en Belgique, d’exploiter davantage cette source de recettes fiscales. La taxation différenciée des instruments d’épargne fausse les décisions d’investissement, entravant le redéploiement des capitaux vers leur emploi le plus productif. Cependant, les impôts qui occasionnent le plus de distorsions sont ceux qui frappent le revenu du travail, en raison de leur impact sur les décisions des travailleurs en matière d'emploi. Conscientes de cela, les autorités belges ont cherché à alléger la fiscalité du travail. Cette dernière demeure cependant lourde en comparaison des autres pays, en raison de nombreuses exonérations, qui réduisent les bases d’imposition et nécessitent donc, pour compenser, des taux d’impôt plus élevés. Afin d’améliorer les perspectives des différents groupes sur le marché du travail, on a eu recours largement à des subventions salariales et des réductions de cotisations de sécurité sociale, créant ainsi un système complexe, souvent mal ciblé et visant parfois des objectifs contradictoires. En fin de compte, l’interaction entre l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, les cotisations de sécurité sociale et le généreux système de prestations a créé une multitude de pièges du marché du travail qui brident l’emploi. Les nouvelles réformes fiscales sont limitées par les problèmes importants et grandissants de viabilité des finances publiques, ce qui signifie que, à moins de procéder à de fortes compressions de dépenses, ces réformes devront s’autofinancer. Pour ce faire, il faut déplacer la charge fiscale vers les sources qui créent le moins de distorsions et élargir les bases d’imposition afin de pouvoir appliquer des taux plus bas. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Belgique, 2009 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/belgique).
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oleiros (La Coruña) : Netbiblo, S.L. Grupo Biblo, Spain
    ISBN: 9789264079809
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Factbook 2008; Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2008 ; Économie, environnement et société
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2008 : Économie, environnement et société
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Factbook 2008 (Libro de datos de la OCDE 2008) es la cuarta edición de una amplia y dinámica selección de estadísticas anuales de la OCDE: Con más de 100 indicadores que cubren un amplio rango de áreas: economía, agricultura, educación, energía, medio ambiente, ayuda extranjera, salud y calidad de vida, industria, información y comunicaciones, población/trabajadores, comercio e inversiones, impuestos, gasto público e investigación y desarrollo. Este año, el libro de datos de la OCDE contiene un capítulo dedicado a la productividad. Los datos son proporcionados por todos los países miembros de la OCDE con totales por regiones, y en algunos casos, de economías de países no miembros. Para cada indicador, hay una explicación de 2 páginas. La primera página de texto incluye una breve introducción seguida de una definición pormenorizada del indicador, comentarios sobre la comparación, una evaluación de tendencias a largo plazo relacionadas con el indicador, y una lista de fuentes para mayor información de los datos. La siguiente página contiene un cuadro estadístico y una gráfica que proporcionan, a simple vista, el mensaje clave que se deriva de los datos. Un enlace interactivo (StatLink) se adjunta a cada estadística remitiendo al lector a una página web en la que encontrará los datos correspondientes en formato Excel. El OCDE Factbook 2008 es una referencia clave para todo el que trabaja en temas de economía y políticas.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264056251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (467 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Abstract: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-25
    Keywords: Economics ; India
    Abstract: This paper assesses the extent to which India's regulatory environment promotes or inhibits competition in markets where technology and market conditions make competition viable. The analysis is based on the OECD’s indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR) which have been used extensively over the last decade to benchmark regulatory frameworks in OECD countries and have proven useful in encouraging countries to implement structural reforms that enhance economic performance.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.716
    Keywords: Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The government’s health reform programme since 2000 has covered many aspects of the organisation of health care and was accompanied by a sizeable increase in spending on healthcare. Many of these reforms have the potential to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of the health care system and ultimately health outcomes, although it is too early to make definitive judgements on their effectiveness. This chapter provides an overview of the organisation and financing of the National Health Service, reviews its performance, assesses the reforms since the start of the decade and provides recommendations for further development. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/uk).
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.704
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil, like other natural resource-exporting countries, has benefited from a sharp increase in commodity prices over the last few years. To investigate the possible impact of terms-of-trade gains on the real economy, this paper estimates normalised quadratic input demand and output supply functions for the Brazilian economy during 1997-2008. Technological change is modelled in a flexible manner through the inclusion of quadratic splines in the profit function. The paper contributes to the literature by using nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression techniques to estimate the input demand and output supply functions and by disaggregating exports and imports into capital, consumption and intermediate goods. Improvements in the terms of trade due to rising export prices and/or falling import prices are associated with hikes in export volumes on the back of rising import demand and some labour shedding in the sectors using imported capital goods. The direct impact of terms-of-trade changes on domestic consumption and investment is comparatively modest, possibly due to the fact that the Brazilian economy remains relatively closed to trade.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.717
    Keywords: Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The UK financial market has been severely affected by the recent financial crisis. The crisis has exposed weaknesses in the supervisory framework as well as that for crisis management and resolution. This paper reviews the supervisory and regulatory framework and the many reforms that have already been adopted to remedy these weaknesses. It also provides recommendations for further reforms. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/uk).
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.664
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&D: R&D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful – especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming from multiple sources, keeping a wide range of options available matters more for stabilisation costs than improving specific technologies. Due to international knowledge spillovers, stabilisation costs could be further reduced through a complementary, global R&D policy. However, a strong price signal is always required.
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  • 25
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 97-123
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 97-123
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: According to the Commission recommendations, ISAE has recently restructured the methodological framework of its survey on firms operating in the Italian construction sector and in retail trade. The innovations specifically regard the sampling design and the weight system for both sectors; this last revision, in particular, allowed the reconstruction of the ISAE historical series. In the light of the changes introduced, first of all the aim of this paper is to analyze the cyclical features and to evaluate the "leading" performances of the new ISAE series with respect to the quantitative ISTAT data. Finally, we are going to build a "leading indicator" for both construction and retail trade in Italy. We first apply the NBER methodology in order to establish the main cyclical features of the series. Then we use cross-correlation analysis to estimate the extent to which the ISAE variables and the ISTAT series are correlated. Later on the Granger causality and out of sample tests were used to evaluate the forecasting performance of the ISAE series. On the basis of the results obtained, we finally build a leading indicator for both sectors, and test its performance comparing the results to those of the confidence index elaborated by ISAE.
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.673
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Labour productivity growth in the service sector has been low relative to manufacturing. This is explained in part by weak competition in services resulting from strict product market regulation and the low level of import penetration and inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Increasing productivity growth in the service sector, which accounts for 67% of employment and 58% of value added in Korea, is essential to sustain high potential growth. The priority is to strengthen competition by eliminating domestic entry barriers, accelerating regulatory reform, upgrading competition policy and reducing barriers to trade and inflows of FDI. Another challenge is to enhance the performance and accelerate the restructuring of small and medium-sized enterprises, which account for over 90% of service-sector employment. Furthermore, it is essential to boost productivity in service industries with high growth potential, such as telecommunications and financial and business.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.690
    Keywords: Economics ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This paper uses household survey (Sakernas) data from the 1996 and 2004 to estimate the determinants of earnings in Indonesia. The Indonesian labour market is segmented, with a majority of workers engaged in informal-sector occupations, and earnings data are available only for formal-sector workers (salaried employees). This posed problems for the estimation of earnings equations, because selection into different labour market statuses is likely to be non-random. In order to describe selection into different labour market statuses we use the most general version of the method proposed by Dubin and McFadden (1984), which Bourguignon, Fournier and Gurgand (2007) proved to be preferable to other available multinomial selection methods. We also deal with reverse causality between education attainment and earnings by estimating the selection equations using an instrumental variable technique. Our findings cast doubt on the use of a binomial selection rule and suggest that workers with higher levels of educational attainment are most likely to find a job in the formal sector, and that the informal sector is perceived by those workers who cannot obtain a job in the formal sector as an alternative to inactivity. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia).
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.739
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: Japan’s health-care system has provided universal access to care and contributed to the outstanding health status of the Japanese. Public spending has been kept below the OECD average through high co-payment rates and reductions in medical fees. However, with continued upward pressure on expenditure, in part due to rapid population ageing, reforms are needed to limit spending increases through greater efficiency, while improving quality. It is essential to shift long-term care out of hospitals, reform the pricing mechanism away from pay-for-visit, increase the use of generic drugs, encourage healthy ageing and promote restructuring in the hospital sector. Quality should be improved by increasing the availability of effective new drugs and medical devices. In funding spending increases, it is important to limit the share borne by employees to avoid negative effects on the labour market. Japan may need to allow more mixed billing to enhance access to some advanced medical treatments.
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.730
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the effect of economic crises on structural unemployment using an Autoregressive Distributed Lags model and accounting for the role of institutional settings. Analysing an unbalanced panel of 30 OECD economies from 1970 to 2008, we found that downturns have, on average, a significant positive impact on the level of structural unemployment rate. The maximum impact varies with the severity of the downturn. Institutions (such as Employment Protection Legislation, average replacement ratio and product market regulation) influence both the extent of the initial shock and the adjustment pattern in the aftermath of a downturn.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.693
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: There are local air pollution benefits from pursuing greenhouse gases emissions mitigation policies, which lower the net costs of emission reductions and thereby may strengthen the incentives to participate in a global climate change mitigation agreement. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which local air pollution co-benefits can lower the cost of climate change mitigation policies in OECD and non-OECD countries and can offer economic incentives for developing countries to participate in a post- 2012 global agreement. The paper sets out an analytical framework to answer these questions. After a literature review on the estimates of the co-benefits, new estimates, which are obtained within a general equilibrium, dynamic, multi-regional framework, are presented. The main conclusion is that the co-benefits from climate change mitigation in terms of reduced outdoor local air pollution might cover a significant part of the cost of action. Nonetheless, they alone may not provide sufficient participation incentives to large developing countries. This is partly because direct local air pollution control policies appear to be typically cheaper than indirect action via greenhouse gases emissions mitigation.
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 43-69
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Keywords: Economics ; Turkey
    Abstract: We pursue a two-fold objective in this paper. First, we try to describe comprehensively the behaviour of sectoral growth cycles in Turkish manufacturing by using several statistical measures and to analyse the co-movement between them via correlation and peak-through analysis. One of the remarkable results of this study is the emergence of the "chemicals" and "paper and paper products"sectors as the leading sectors of total manufacturing. Another important result reveals that export-oriented sectors, which have a high correlation with total manufacturing and with each other, appear as the main drivers of total manufacturing. The second objective of this study is to investigate the response of output in Turkish manufacturing industries to monetary policy shocks within the vector autoregressive framework. The results show that all manufacturing sectors respond to a contractionary monetary policy shock with a reduction in absolute output but that the degree of output reduction is not the same in all sectors. The total manufacturing output declines very quickly after the shock, reaching its minimum value within three quarters.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264063747
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (554 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding National Accounts
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Este manual explica el ámbito y el significado del PIB y la RNB (o INB) y de sus componentes. Muestra cómo y para qué se utilizan estos agregados e incluye ejemplos y ejercicios prácticos que ayudan a comprender estos conceptos. El manual presenta las cuentas nacionales desde una perspectiva global y dedica capítulos especiales a las comparaciones internacionales y a los sistemas de cuentas nacionales de EEUU, México y Chile. El primer capítulo muestra la relación entre los principales conceptos de cuentas nacionales y el análisis macroeconómico. El libro continúa con el análisis de las variaciones de precios y de volumen, las comparaciones internacionales, el ámbito de la producción, los empleos finales y las cuentas no financieras de los hogares, de las empresas (sociedades no financieras e instituciones financieras) y de las administraciones públicas (o gobierno general). También describe el ámbito de las tablas input output y de las cuentas económicas integradas y, por último, informa sobre la historia, y el futuro, de los sistemas internacionales de cuentas nacionales.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.742
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper uses the OECD’s indicators of product market regulation (PMR) to assess the extent to which the regulatory environment in Russia supports competition and to draw attention to the areas where further reform efforts would pay dividends. The indicators show that, despite improvements in some areas, many aspects of Russia’s regulatory framework are still restrictive, which provides considerable scope for reaping gains from bringing regulation into line with international best practice. In particular, the scores suggest that Russia’s economic performance would greatly benefit from a reduction in the role of the state enterprise sector in markets that are inherently competitive and reinvigorated efforts to liberalise foreign trade and direct investment regimes. In some network sectors, recent regulatory changes have significantly improved the scope for competition. However, ongoing work needs to focus on separating competitive and monopoly market segments and eliminating barriers to entry. In addition, the authorities need to develop the capacity and strengthen the hands of the sectoral regulators. Introducing an overarching competition policy would also help bring the issue of competition to centre stage and spread a competition ethos through different levels of government.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.692
    Keywords: Economics ; South Africa
    Abstract: This paper studies drivers of high-frequency (daily) dynamics of the South African rand vis-à-vis the dollar from January 2001 to July 2007. We find strong nonlinear effects of commodity prices, perceived country and emerging market risk premium and changes in the dollar-euro exchange rate on changes in daily returns of the rand-dollar exchange rate. We also identify a one-sided nonlinear mean reversion to the long-term monetary equilibrium. In addition we establish very short-lived effects on the exchange rate of selected macroeconomic surprises and central bank communication aimed at talking up the rand.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.687
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between the volatility of government consumption and country size. Using a sample of 160 countries from 1960 to 2000 the main findings of our empirical analysis suggest that: 1) smaller countries have more volatile non-discretionary and discretionary government consumption, and also a more volatile government size; 2) the relation between government spending volatility and the size of a country is more negative for more volatile economies; 3) the relation between government consumption volatility and country size is more negative for functions of government spending that are characterized by a high level on non-rivality. The results are robust to different time and country samples, different econometric techniques and to several sets of control variables.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.691
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Climate change is expected to have significant implications for the world economy and, more broadly, for many areas of human activity. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, it is to summarise current estimates of the impacts of climate change and to explain how these estimates are built in order to identify the main sources of uncertainty and approximation affecting them. Second, the paper discusses how this uncertainty should influence policymaker?s decisions. A main conclusion of the review is that there are large uncertainties, which are not fully reflected in existing estimates of global impacts of climate change in monetary units. Nonetheless, despite these uncertainties, policy action may be justified, provided that policies are cost-effective, even if the marginal cost of GHG emissions mitigation exceeds the marginal damage of one additional ton of carbon. This is because two features of the impacts of climate change tilt the balance in favour of action: their irreversibility, and the risk that they are extreme.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.743
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fédéralisme budgétaire en Belgique : Défis principaux et réformes envisageables
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: The paper discusses the current state of fiscal relations across levels of government in Belgium and how it has developed over time. As the current system of fiscal federalism is creating imbalances between the federal and the sub-federal governments (vertical imbalance), and between sub-federal governments (horizontal imbalance) the paper also suggests directions for improvements. Without reform, the vertical imbalance will widen as the fiscal burden from the ageing of the population falls mainly on the federal level. Reform should therefore strengthen the fiscal capacity of the federal government by improving its revenue sources and by shifting some spending obligations to sub-federal governments. The imbalance between regions arises because of the lack of coherence between taxation and spending. Shared revenues from the personal income tax are allocated to the region of residence, while the region of the workplace does not benefit, which particularly affects Brussels’ revenue level. This imbalance could be eliminated by allocating more of the shared personal income tax to the region of the workplace. Furthermore, the system of equalisation grants should be re-designed to provide incentives to the recipient regions to develop their own revenue base. The performance of the fiscal system could further be improved by raising the efficiency of spending in areas of national interest, which have been assigned to sub-federal governments or where there are overlapping responsibilities, such as in employment, R&D, training, education, energy and environmental policies.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 109-155
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 109-155
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This case study analyses the effect of trade and investment liberalisation on Korea’s information and communication technology (ICT) sector and finds that trade and investment have played a crucial role in innovation in this sector. In the initial stages of development, imported capital goods and components, joint ventures, licensing and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) contracts were important sources of technology and exports were key to obtain the necessary economies of scale for innovation. Free trade and investment policies in the 1990s and stronger protection of intellectual property rights have led to an increase in R&D and innovation, which in turn has led to the transformation of Korea into a knowledge-based economy. Keywords: innovation, Korea, information and communication technology, ICT, trade reform, Samsung, production network, intellectual property rights, IPR protection, patents, ITA, Information Technology Agreement
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.737
    Keywords: Economics ; Erdölpreis ; Geschichte 2009
    Abstract: Crude oil prices have trended up since the end of the 1990s, peaking at a historic high in mid-2008 that was followed by a steep price correction with a subsequent rebound. This paper considers major forces behind the evolution of the oil price, using a simple model of supply and demand elasticities as a benchmark, highlights implications for inflation and economic activity and draws some conclusions for macroeconomic policy. The analysis suggests that the run-up in crude oil prices since 2003 was due to both vigorous oil demand growth by emerging markets and, from the middle of the decade onward, a weaker than expected oil supply response to rising prices. Prices are unlikely to fall back to levels seen in the first years of the decade either over the short or medium term.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 217-305
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 217-305
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The growing cost and frequency of natural catastrophes and their implications for economic growth and development have led to a concern over the level of public awareness and education relative to large-scale catastrophes and disaster risk reduction measures. Public awareness and education of disaster risk reduction are, in particular, increasingly acknowledged as important components of effective risk management of natural catastrophes. The financial component of disaster risk management and mitigation strategies, involving risk transfer and compensation strategies, is also recognised as being important for reducing the financial impact of catastrophes on individuals, businesses, and governments, and permitting more rapid economic and social recovery. As such, systematic promotion of public awareness and education of risks and risk reduction measures, including financial loss-sharing and risk transfer tools, is an important aspect of national and international strategies to reduce vulnerability and losses from catastrophic events.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.680
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: As in other catch-up countries inflation is likely to stay high going forward due to nominal convergence. To better cope with the risk of a too rapid pick up of wages during the convergence process on the one hand and to raise the adjustment potential of the economy to macroeconomic shocks on the other, labour and product market flexibility is essential. Three main areas for improvement are discussed in this chapter. First, wage flexibility should be safeguarded by avoiding significant increases in minimum wages and by abolishing legal extension of collective wage settlements. Second, competition needs to be strengthened, especially in the liberal professions where entry and conduct regulation should be eased. In addition, the points of single contact that already exist for small enterprises should be extended to entrepreneurs of the liberal professions. Third, a wider use of information and communication technology (ICT) could lead to important productivity gains. Removing obstacles to the spread of e-business and a swift implementation of e-government are imperative. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 19-41
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 19-41
    Keywords: Economics ; Singapore
    Abstract: A dynamic factor model is applied to a large panel dataset of Singapore’s macroeconomic variables and global economic indicators with the initial objective of analysing business cycles in a small open economy. The empirical results suggest that four common factors – which can broadly be interpreted as world, regional, electronics and domestic economic cycles – capture a large proportion of the co-variation in the quarterly time series. The estimated factor model also explains well the observed fluctuations in real economic activity and price inflation, leading us to use it in forecasting Singapore’s business cycles. We find that the forecasts generated by the factors are generally more accurate than the predictions of univariate models and vector autoregressions that employ leading indicators.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-30
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-30
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Influenced by the perceived link between higher levels of educational attainment and growth, the education sector has seen significant reform efforts in recent years in a number of countries. Public spending in this sector has increased on average by one-fifth in real terms over the past decade and growth in terms of spending per student has also been marked in many countries (Figure 1, upper panel); governments in the OECD area now spend on average around 3% of GDP on primary and secondary education. However, a close correspondence between the level of resources and educational outcomes is difficult to demonstrate empirically: cross-sectional evidence reveals only a weak correlation between national spending per student or teaching resources and mean pupil performance in standardised tests (Figure 1, lower panels). Extra resources devoted to education do not automatically lead to commensurate improvements in outcomes.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.721
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: There is a case, but there are also counter-arguments. With sufficient forward-looking behaviour among firms and households, price-level targeting can act as a powerful built-in stabiliser through automatic shifts in inflation expectations. This stabilisation mechanism reduces the need for large shifts in policy rates, alleviating the risk of hitting the zero lower bound of nominal interest rates and falling into a liquidity trap. Furthermore, credible price-level targeting can support capital accumulation by protecting the long-run purchasing power of money and reducing the inflation risk premium embedded in actual long-term real interest rates. However, price-level targeting can imply welfare-reducing policy-induced output volatility in situations where the degree of forward-looking behaviour is very low. The self-regulating capacity of price-level targeting can be undermined if central banks are not fully credible. Besides, aggressive inflation targeting can replicate some of (but not all) the benefits of price-level targeting. On balance, the case for adopting price-level targeting is not clear-cut, all the more so since transition costs are likely to be significant.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.727
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
    Abstract: Compulsory school education in Italy produces poor results in terms of 15-year olds’ performance on PISA tests, compared with other OECD countries, despite a relatively high level of expenditure. While the influence of social background is smaller than in many OECD countries, it is largely transmitted through a kind of self-segregation resulting from family choices among the different types of upper secondary school. Large differences in pupils’ performance between regions cannot be explained by the quantity of resources available; separating the influence of socio-economic conditions from school efficiency is difficult and must be treated carefully in plans for extending fiscal federalism. The Italian government is rightly concerned to get better value for money and this chapter argues that policies to improve the information available to schools and teachers on the results they are achieving, while giving them appropriate incentives, responsibility and power to respond to such information, are necessary accompaniments to expenditure-saving policies. An improved focus on good quality training, both for new recruits and experienced teachers, and recruitment procedures themselves, should also pay dividends on efficiency.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.671
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea has one of the lowest tax burdens in the OECD area, reflecting its small public sector. However, rapid population ageing will put upward pressure on government spending. The challenge is to meet the long-run need for greater expenditures and tax revenue while sustaining strong economic growth. A pro-growth tax reform implies relying primarily on consumption taxes for additional revenue. There is also scope for raising personal income tax revenue from its current low level by broadening the base by reducing the exemptions for personal income. The planned cuts in the corporate tax rate should be financed at least in part by reductions in tax expenditures. The broadening of direct tax bases would also help finance an expansion of the earned income tax credit to address widening income inequality. In addition, the local tax system should be simplified and reformed to enhance the autonomy of local governments.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics Dir.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2009/3
    Keywords: Vertrauen ; Sozialer Wandel ; Sozialer Indikator ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the notion and role of trust in modern societies as a first step towards the construction of indicators that could better inform our understanding of societal progress. Trust is commonly viewed as a proxy indicator of social capital, and a high level of trust is considered a factor that can enhance economic growth and social well-being. Indicators of trust inform about the quality of people’s interactions with others, hence on their assessment of the extent to which other people in the community are perceived as potential partners rather than as rivals. The paper, starting from the various notions and theories of trust provided in literature, discusses different definitions of trust, its various dimensions (i.e. interpersonal and institutional trust), their relation to the broader notion of social capital, and the different factors that affect it. It then overviews the measures currently used to assess trust, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. Questions assessing the degree of trust of respondents towards other people and institutions have been asked in dozens of large-scale surveys worldwide, and these data highlight systematic relations between trust and various dimensions of economic and social well-being. The paper concludes by noting the limits of available evidence and the scope for improvements through better survey design and more comparable survey questions.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 34 - 38 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264043695
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Edition: Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: El capital –en particular el de tipo físico– juega varios roles en la vida económica: este constituye riqueza y provee de servicios en el proceso de producción. El capital es invertido, desinvertido y se deprecia llegando a ser obsoleto, y existe una cuestión de cómo medir todas estas dimensiones del capital en la industria y en las cuentas nacionales. El Manual del Capital revisado es la primera guía comprehensiva para los enfoques hacia la medición del capital. Este está dirigido a estadísticos, investigadores y analistas, y trata de dar asesoría práctica, mientras que provee una estructura teórica y un resumen de la literatura relevante. El Manual se presenta en tres partes –una primera parte–, con una descripción no técnica de los principales conceptos y de los pasos necesarios para la medición del capital; una segunda parte, dirigida a la implementación y una tercera parte, describiendo la teoría con una formulación matemática más completa del proceso de medición.
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  • 49
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.660
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can the Financial Sector continue to be the Main Growth Engine in Luxembourg?
    Keywords: Economics ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le secteur financier a été le principal moteur de l'économie au cours des deux dernières décennies. Les avantages comparatifs du Luxembourg en matière d'activités financières résident essentiellement dans le caractère évolutif de son cadre législatif et réglementaire ainsi que dans le faible niveau de sa fiscalité. En conséquence, le Luxembourg est aujourd'hui un des principaux centres internationaux pour les fonds d'investissement. Au-delà des effets directs et indirects de ce secteur d'activité sur l'emploi, sa retombée la plus importante est l'ampleur des recettes fiscales qu'il permet aux pouvoirs publics d'engranger, puisqu'il représente directement plus de 20 % de l'ensemble des rentrées d'impôts. Cela dit, ces recettes fiscales sont très fluctuantes, dans la mesure où ce secteur est extrêmement sensible à l'évolution des marchés de capitaux internationaux. De fait, les contractions intervenues par le passé sur ces marchés ont eu tendance à entraîner un net ralentissement de la croissance de l'économie luxembourgeoise ainsi que des revenus du secteur financier, ce qui laisse à penser que les risques associés aux turbulences financières internationales actuelles sont très substantiels. Au-delà de ces considérations à court terme, le taux de croissance tendanciel du secteur va probablement diminuer à moyen terme. Les principales activités du secteur sont les prestations d'administration financière correspondant aux services de suivi de marché et de postmarché, que les nouvelles technologies de l'information permettront de délocaliser de plus en plus. Par ailleurs, le secteur a des difficultés à attirer des spécialistes hautement qualifiés pour prendre pied dans le domaine plus rémunérateur des activités de service de clientèle. À plus long terme, la concurrence internationale continuera à exercer des pressions qui pourraient finir par remettre en cause la position du Luxembourg. L'ampleur du déclin de la croissance tendancielle du secteur financier dépendra de la capacité du Luxembourg à préserver et renforcer l'attrait qu'il exerce sur les investisseurs et les travailleurs. Pour ce faire, les autorités devront parvenir à adapter leurs politiques dans les domaines de la fiscalité, des infrastructures et du logement pour attirer des étrangers très compétents, tout en révisant la réglementation du secteur financier et en renforçant sa transparence.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9787502362225
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE ; Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE : Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 173-215
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 173-215
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Life annuities – financial products that help individuals convert a lump-sum of wealth into a guaranteed life-long income stream – have an important role to play in providing a secure source of retirement income. Because annuities provide valuable insurance against longevity risk, much of the theoretical work in economics suggests that life annuities ought to comprise a large share of the retirement portfolios of most households. Yet around the world, voluntary annuity markets remain small.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.660
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur financier peut-il rester le principal moteur de la croissance au Luxembourg?
    Keywords: Economics ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: The financial sector has emerged as the main economic engine over the past two decades. The comparative advantages of placing financial activities in Luxembourg have mostly been in terms of an adaptive legislative and regulatory framework and low taxation. As a result, Luxembourg is today one of the main international centres for investment funds. Besides the sector’s direct and indirect employment effects, the most important effect is the large tax revenue generating capacity of the sector, accounting directly for over 20% of aggregate tax revenues. On the other hand, these tax revenues are volatile as the sector is highly sensitive to developments in international financial markets. Indeed, past downturns in international financial markets have tended to lead to a sharp slowdown of growth in the economy as well as in revenues, pointing to potential large risks associated with the current turmoil in international financial markets. Besides these short-term considerations, a lower trend growth rate of the sector is likely over the medium term. The main activities of the sector are in middle and back offices dealing with financial administration which, with new IT technologies, will tend to be increasingly outsourced. At the same time, the sector is having problems in attracting highly specialised talent to enter higher value front office activities. Over the longer term, international competition will continue to exert pressures that may eventually erode Luxembourg’s position. The extent of the decline in the sector’s trend growth depends on the ability to maintain and expand the attractiveness of investing and working in Luxembourg. Achieving this will depend on being able to adjust tax, infrastructure, and housing policies to attract foreign talent while updating and increasing the transparency of financial sector regulation.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.663
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper develops and applies a simple “conditional growth” framework to make long-term GDP projections for the world economy, taking as a starting point recent empirical evidence about the importance of total factor productivity and human capital in explaining current cross-country disparities in GDP per capita levels. Other distinct features of the projection framework include human capital projections by cohorts and implicit allowance for the impact of ageing and potential labour market and pension reforms on future growth in employment levels. In the baseline projection, world GDP would grow in PPP terms by about 3 ¾ % per year on average over the period 2005-2050. When expressed in constant market exchange rates, taking into account future Balassa-Samuelson effects, this projection falls roughly in the middle of the range of long-run scenarios recently developed in the context of greenhouse gas emission projections. The sensitivity of the projection to total factor productivity and population growth assumptions is significant, however, and compounds with deeper sources of uncertainty such as model and parameter uncertainty.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 9-32
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 9-32
    Keywords: Economics ; Ghana
    Abstract: Ghana’s agricultural sector has two faces. On the one hand, Ghana continues to face food security problems due to stagnating productivity in the food crop sector and undeveloped internal food markets. On the other hand, horticultural exports have been increasing and recent investments in cocoa and pineapple processing can been seen as signs of an emerging modern agricultural sector. The horticultural sector currently receives a lot of attention from donors and the Ghanaian government. The examination of several large donor projects in this sector reveals that donors are increasingly taking a value chain approach and trying to link smallholder farmers to exporters via outgrower schemes. Donors are also making an effort to connect their projects with other ongoing interventions. However, donor approaches vary according to donor preferences, and multi-donor programmes would probably be a better solution. While the current focus of donors and the Ghanaian government in the horticultural sector is welcome, it bears the risk of leaving the north of Ghana, where food crop production and poverty are concentrated, further behind. Food crops should receive more attention not only to resolve Ghana’s food security problem but also to take advantage of growing demand from Ghana’s middle-income class, which provides the opportunity for developing a local food industry.
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 219-255
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 219-255
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This case study examines the effect of deregulation and trade reform on South Africa’s agriculture sector, which is highly dualistic consisting of a developed commercial sector and a subsistence farming sector. Deregulation and trade reform has led to substantial changes in innovation in the commercial agriculture sector, such as wine and fruit, leading to a large change in composition while innovation seems to have been more limited in subsistence agriculture, which lacks absorption capacity. Legal uncertainties related to land reform may also be a factor which can negatively affect innovation in the commercial farming sector. Keywords: innovation, deregulation, trade reform, South Africa, agriculture, wine, fruit, field crops, foreign investment, absorption capacity.
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  • 57
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.707
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses recent patterns in intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries and examines the role that public policies can play in affecting such mobility. It shows that the relationship between parental or socio-economic background and offspring’s educational and wage outcomes is positive and significant in practically all countries for which evidence is available. Intergenerational social mobility is measured by several different indicators since no single indicator provides a complete picture. However, one pattern that emerges is of a group of countries, e.g. southern European countries and Luxembourg, which appears to rank as relatively immobile on most indicators, while another group, e.g. Nordics, is found to be more mobile. Furthermore, public policies such as education and early childcare play a role in explaining observed differences in intergenerational social mobility across countries. In addition, this study also finds a positive cross-country correlation between intergenerational social mobility and redistributive policies.
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-36
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-36
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Finding a good forecasting model in a data-rich environment is a complex problem which challenges forecasters and statistical methods. In such an environment, automated modelling strategies are necessary for an efficient use of the information in the data. In contrast to frequently applied methods used for large data sets we propose a model selection approach for dynamic single equation regressions that are used to make forecasts. This paper proposes a new approach for quantitative forecasting that is able to deal with both an increasing number of variables that are potentially important for forecasting, as well as an increasing number of observations simultaneously. Another characteristic of the proposed approach is that evaluation of the goodness of forecast models is based on different criteria. As we are interested in finding forecast models with high-quality criteria we define the search for a forecast model as a multi-criteria optimization problem. We define the quality criteria in our goal function by in-sample measures and out-of-sample measures, as well as by a balance between them, and apply a genetic algorithm to solve this complex, global and discrete multi-criteria optimization problem. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated by forecasting German industrial production based on a data set containing key economic indicators and leading indicators. It is shown that, for short forecast horizons, the proposed approach provides forecasts with a high accuracy.
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  • 59
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.666
    Keywords: Economics ; Spain
    Abstract: Impressive progress has been made in raising participation in early childhood education as well as tertiary educational attainment over the past 30 years. However, the inflow of poorly educated youth into the labour market is unusually heavy for a high-income country, largely on account of high drop-out rates in lower secondary education which, in turn, reflect one of the highest grade repetition rates in the OECD. The supply of workers with intermediate vocational skills is surprisingly low, despite the high return, in terms of labour market outcomes that these skills offer, even if they have recently deteriorated. There is room to raise learning outcomes up to the end of compulsory school, as measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), although, owing to a compressed distribution of such outcomes, the share of poorly performing pupils is not unusually large. While significant reforms have been undertaken to address these problems, more measures are needed to reduce grade repetition and raise education outcomes, by improving accountability of schools and school staff, as well as by raising school autonomy further than has already occurred. Vocational training needs to become more attractive. In tertiary education, few Spanish universities have attained a high level of international standing, and scope remains to improve the contribution tertiary attainment can make to gains in economic welfare, notably by reforming funding arrangements.
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 63-95
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 63-95
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This paper uses several recent advances in time-varying spectral methods to analyse the growth cycles of the core of the euro area in terms of frequency content and phasing of cycles. There are two main findings. First that coherence and phasing between the three core members of the euro area (France, Germany and Italy) continue to differ, and that for France they increased in the 1990s but not noticeably since the launch of the euro. Second that similarities vary considerably according to the length of cycle. They are high for low frequencies but lower at traditional business cycle frequencies. Simply looking at business cycles loses much of the detail of the extent of co-movement in different frequency cycles within the euro area.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Economics ; India
    Abstract: This article examines recent micro-evidence on the productivity of Indian firms, helping to explain why India’s manufacturing sector has not performed as well as many observers expected. A series of structural distortions are documented, all of which may depress the performance of manufacturing, and thus the economy as a whole. These distortions exist at multiple levels, and reflect long-standing problems with the reallocation of labour across sectors, the excessively small scale of firms, low firm turnover, poor product market integration, high industry concentration and persistent state ownership. Combined, these phenomena represent severe restraints on the level and growth of productivity in manufacturing, and suggest that much remains to be done to improve the strength and sustainability of India’s development path.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.709
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper breaks new ground by providing comparable estimates of intergenerational wage and education persistence across 14 European OECD countries based on a new micro data from Eurostat. A further novelty is that it examines the potential role of public policies and labour and product market institutions in explaining observed differences in intergenerational wage mobility across countries. The empirical estimates show that intergenerational wage persistence is relatively high in southern European countries, as well as in the United Kingdom. Likewise, intergenerational persistence in education is relatively high both in southern European countries and in Luxembourg and Ireland. By contrast, both persistence in wages and education tends to be lower in Nordic countries. In addition, empirical results show that education is one important driver of intergenerational wage persistence across European countries. There is a positive crosscountry correlation between intergenerational wage mobility and redistributive policies, as well as a positive correlation between wage-setting institutions that compress the wage distribution and mobility.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.696
    Keywords: Economics ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand’s living standards remain well below the OECD average. This is entirely attributable to persistently low labour productivity, which in turn is related to economic geography as well as structural policy factors. The small size and remoteness of the economy diminish its access to world markets, the scale and efficiency of domestic businesses, the level of competition and proximity to the world’s technology frontier. This points to the need for a “New Zealand policy advantage”, that is, a set of structural policies attractive and welcoming enough to overcome the geographic handicap and attract the drivers of prosperity – investment, skills and ideas – to New Zealand. The reforms of the 1980s and 1990s laid much of the groundwork for creating this advantage and for a pick-up in productivity growth. But in recent years, New Zealand has lost ground relative to its OECD peers. The reform focus shifted away from growth and the government introduced much often poor quality regulation. Policies should be refocused around the productivity goal in a number of areas, beginning with those covered in this paper, namely international trade, the business climate for domestic and foreign investment, public sector efficiency, infrastructure, innovation and natural resources management. This paper also evaluates the recently legislated emissions trading scheme through a productivity lens. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of New Zealand (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/nz).
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  • 64
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    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics Dir.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2009/2
    Keywords: Anlageverhalten ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study wants to spot and analyse the “final financial instruments” in which French households’ financial savings are invested by making transparent their intermediated investments with mutual funds and life insurance corporations. It attempts to identify where French households’ savings is finally allocated (France or abroad), who bears the liquidity risk and the market risk. Doing so, the role of financial intermediaries such as insurance corporations and mutual funds may be specified more accurately.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 22 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 65
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les origines de la mondialisation financière 1880-1913
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: This study traces the roots of global financial integration in the first “modern” era of globalisation from 1880 to 1913 and can serve as a valuable tool to current-day policy dilemmas by using historical data to see which policies in the past led to enhanced international financing for development. A major conclusion is that the successful management of international financial integration depends primarily on broad institutional and political factors and financial policies, rather than simply opening or closing individual economies to the international winds. "A careful and vigorously argued monograph… an important book that future research in this area will have to take into account." – eh.net book review by Hugh Rockoff of Rutgers University.
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  • 66
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.743
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscal Federalism in Belgium: Main Challenges and Considerations for Reform
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: Ce document de travail porte sur l’état actuel des relations budgétaires entre les différents niveaux d’administration en Belgique ainsi que sur la manière dont celles-ci ont évolué au fil du temps. Partant du constat que le système qui donne corps au fédéralisme budgétaire est source de déséquilibres entre l’administration fédérale et les échelons infra-fédéraux (déséquilibre vertical) de même qu’entre les différentes entités fédérées (déséquilibre horizontal), les auteurs esquissent des orientations pour l’améliorer. Faute de réformes, le déséquilibre vertical ne fera que s’accentuer dans la mesure où la charge budgétaire imposée par le vieillissement de la population grèvera principalement le budget fédéral. Aussi la réforme devra-telle viser à renforcer la capacité budgétaire de l’administration fédérale en améliorant ses sources de recettes et en faisant basculer la charge représentée par certaines dépenses obligatoires sur les entités fédérées. Le déséquilibre entre régions résulte du manque de cohérence entre fiscalité et dépenses. Les recettes partagées provenant de l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques sont attribuées à la région de résidence tandis que la région du lieu de travail n’en bénéficie pas, ce qui pénalise particulièrement la région de Bruxelles-Capitale en termes de recettes. Cette anomalie pourrait être corrigée en attribuant à la région du lieu de travail une proportion plus élevée des recettes partagées de l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques. Par ailleurs, il conviendrait de réorganiser le système des subventions de péréquation afin d’inciter les régions bénéficiaires à développer leurs propres sources de recettes fiscales. La performance du système budgétaire pourrait être encore améliorée si l’on réussissait à accroître l’efficience des dépenses dans les domaines d’intérêt national qui sont du ressort des entités fédérées ou dans lesquels on observe un chevauchement de compétences, qu’il s’agisse des politiques de l’emploi, de la R-D, de la formation, de l’éducation, de l’énergie et de l’environnement.
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  • 67
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.720
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Challenge of Restoring French Competitiveness
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 2000, la France a connu une détérioration marquée de sa performance à l’exportation, conduisant à des préoccupations accrues de la part des autorités et de la société civile sur la capacité d’adaptation de l’économie à une mondialisation croissante des échanges et de l’investissement en biens et services. Les mauvaises performances enregistrées du commerce extérieur sont liées à une série de facteurs plutôt qu’à une seule cause unique. Elles ne peuvent être expliquées par les seuls déterminants externes tels que le taux de change, l’avènement dans le commerce mondial de pays émergents à fort potentiel d’exportation ou la forte hausse des prix du pétrole en 2007-08. En effet, ce n’est pas tant la perte de parts de marchés en soi qui est inquiétante – elle s’est produite dans de nombreux pays – mais plutôt son ampleur dû à la difficulté à répondre à l’accélération de la demande mondiale dans les années 2000, datant d’avant l’apparition de la crise économique actuelle. En effet, l’analyse de la dégradation de la compétitivité renvoie davantage à des facteurs d’offre liés à la moindre aptitude des entreprises françaises à servir les marchés étrangers, mais aussi au développement de stratégies industrielles d’établissement à l’étranger de la totalité du processus de production. Le redressement de la compétitivité passera par un renforcement de la croissance potentielle et une action sur ses principaux déterminants à long terme, tels que l’accroissement de la recherche et développement, la promotion de l’innovation, la baisse du poids de la fiscalité, une amélioration de la concurrence et la création de conditions propices à une croissance rapide des entreprises. Le manque de compétitivité est le plus souvent un symptôme, et non la cause d’une ou plusieurs faiblesses économiques sous-jacentes. C’est pourquoi, il est préférable que l’intervention publique soit globale et porte sur les sources du problème de compétitivité et non qu’elle prenne la forme d’aides ciblées visant à remédier directement au déficit croissant de la balance commerciale. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la France, 2009 (www.oecd.org/eco/études/France).
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.668
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This overview paper examines the financial crisis in light of past country experience and economic theory and sets out some preliminary policy recommendations. A number of facets of the crisis are detailed, including its origins and spreading factors as well as crisis resolution policies and their associated gross and net fiscal costs. The implications of the crisis on key macro-economic variables are subsequently presented. Finally, policy recommendations for both addressing the economic downturn and enhancing the resilience of the economies over the medium to long-term are discussed.
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.661
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Traditionally, the Norwegian compulsory education system has focused strongly on the linked goals of equal opportunities to learn, comprehensive and inclusive education. While some of these objectives have been met successfully, a number of educational outcomes, notably measures of pupil performance at the end of compulsory schooling, are unsatisfactory. Given the significant resources devoted to education, Norway’s modest performance on certain measures suggests that resources are used inefficiently. There are many possible routes to improve efficiency. This paper focuses on teaching quality, school autonomy, accountability and the level and composition of spending. Consistent policy actions should be taken in these areas, taking into account the multi–level structure of governance of the Norwegian education system.
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  • 70
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060531
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade: Free, Fair and Open?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international : Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Der internationale Handel hat Auswirkungen auf den Preis und die Verfügbarkeit von fast allem, was wir kaufen. Zudem hat er Einfluss auf eine Vielzahl anderer Bereiche wie Beschäftigung, Umwelt und Armutsbekämpfung. Und er wird seinerseits von einer Fülle verschiedener Faktoren beeinflusst, von der natürlichen Ressourcenausstattung bis hin zu Modetrends. Die OECD ist eine führende Quelle für Daten, Analysen und Politikempfehlungen in Handelsfragen. Gestützt auf dieses umfassende Fachwissen wird in OECD Insights: Internationaler Handel deutlich gemacht, dass es ohne Handel – wenn überhaupt – nur selten gelungen ist, Wohlstand zu erreichen oder zu sichern. Handel allein ist jedoch nicht genug. Es bedarf darüber hinaus Maßnahmen in Bereichen wie Beschäftigung, Bildung oder Gesundheit, um das Wohlergehen der Menschen zu fördern und die Herausforderungen der globalisierten Wirtschaft zu bewältigen.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.682
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: House prices have risen strongly in past years, helped by rising incomes and declining interest rates. At the same time, construction of new dwellings has remained fairly muted and has only recently shown signs of picking up. A characteristic feature of the Slovak housing market, and a consequence of the privatization programme initiated in the early 1990s, is the virtual absence of a private rental market. As euro membership will most likely go along with easier financial conditions and also entails limited availability of national policy tools, current housing policies will have to be adjusted. The challenges are to avoid overheating of the housing market in the medium term, in part by making supply more reactive to demand, and to phase out the hurdles that are currently impeding the private rental market, which would facilitate labour mobility. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic.
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  • 73
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.669
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: The global financial crisis that emerged in mid 2007 has caused considerable economic disruptions in the United States and elsewhere, and exposed major flaws in the global financial system. After examining the origins of the crisis, this paper recommends specific policy responses to resolve the immediate problems and discusses how to make the US financial system more resilient and stable in the future.
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 161-181
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 161-181
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses revisions of Swiss current account data, taking into account the actual data revision process and the implied types of revisions. In addition we investigate whether the first release of current account data can be improved upon by the use of survey results as gathered by the KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich. An answer in the affirmative indicates that it is possible to improve first releases and thereby enhance the current assessment of the Swiss economy.
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  • 75
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.714
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper surveys research that has undertaken empirical analysis of aggregate data. The focus of the survey is the identification of the factors that determine the rate of growth.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.700
    Keywords: Economics ; Estonia
    Abstract: From 2000 to 2007, Estonia was one of the fastest growing emerging market economies. A housing boom, fuelled by capital inflows and credit, resulted in skyrocketing house prices and an over-expanded construction sector. However, the currency board limited the Bank of Estonia’s ability to curb credit growth, while the fiscal policy framework amplified the cycle through pro-cyclical spending increases and tax cuts. As credit was mostly financed by cross-border loans from foreign banks, the risks of disruptions to credit flows and financial contagion have increased. Some have already materialised through tightened lending standards and capital outflows. Estonia is now in a severe recession. To restore high and sustainable growth, the country will need to rebalance its resources from non-tradables towards exports. Regaining external competitiveness will be challenging, however, given the fixed exchange rate and recent devaluations in partner countries. Flexibility of the economy will thus be crucial. Over the medium term, policymakers could also strengthen incentives for a better functioning of the housing finance market and gradually remove the pro-cyclical bias of fiscal policy.
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 9-51
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 9-51
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Policy makers in many countries are giving more attention to ‘financial literacy’ or ‘financial capability’, and there are many financial education programmes. The need to evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes is likely to increase. But little evaluation is currently taking place, and the evaluations made so far show mixed and inconclusive results. It is not clear whether this is a consequence of poor evaluation methods or poor programme design, or, that financial education works patchily. But it does mean that a positive impact from financial education has not been unambiguously proven; nor has a clear picture emerged of what works best and why. Evaluation of financial education is inherently difficult, and the impact of any one programme can probably never be fully isolated. Nevertheless, this paper suggests that evaluating the effectiveness of financial education can and should be improved. It begins to develop an approach to do so, including a Financial Education Evaluation (FEE) Framework which can be tailored for any programme in any country. This paper also suggests guidelines for governments and other public authorities to lead the way towards better evaluation of the benefits, costs and value for money of financial education.
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  • 78
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    Online Resource
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics Dir.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2009/1
    Keywords: 1980-2005 ; Finanzmarkt ; Finanzsektor ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; Kapitalanlage ; Vermögen ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Many authors underlined the convergence of financial structures towards a model which combines elements of the Anglo Saxon one, where markets prevail, with characteristics of the continental European systems, where intermediaries are predominant. The goal of this paper is to study financial systems convergence through the lens of household asset allocation. We analyze s and ß convergence of total household financial assets and their main components: deposits, securities other than shares, shares and other equity, insurance technical reserves. The novelty of the paper is to exploit a database containing time series since 1980 for nine OECD countries. Using disposable income as a scale variable, we found convergence of household total financial assets, insurance technical reserves and shares and other equity. Weaker results are obtained for convergence of household securities other than shares, and currency and deposits. In a nutshell, financial systems show signals of convergence in asset allocation, but national characteristics persist when households invest in securities and deposits.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 21 - 23 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264053656
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal; Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce numero de la Revue économique de l'OCDE comprend des articles sur services assurés par les pouvoirs publics et distribution des ressources économiques des ménages, améliorer l’efficacité des dépenses de santé et les politiques structurelles.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.675
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the ability of social spending to smooth output shocks and to provide stabilization. The results show that overall social spending is able to smooth about 16 percent of a shock to GDP. Among its subcategories, social spending devoted to Old Age and Unemployment are those that contribute more to provide smoothing. Moreover, the stabilization effects of social spending are significantly larger in those countries where the size of social spending is higher. The empirical results are economically and statistically significant and robust.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264055674
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable : À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Was bedeutet “nachhaltige Entwicklung” tatsächlich? Welchen Einfluss haben Produktion, Konsum und Globalisierung auf Nachhaltigkeit? Wie kann Nachhaltigkeit gemessen werden? Und was können Regierungen, Unternehmen und der Einzelne tun, um nachhaltige Entwicklung zu fördern? Zu vielen Themen, die nachhaltige Entwicklung betreffen, erstellt die OECD Daten und veröffentlicht Empfehlungen für Forschung und Politik; dazu gehören der Klimawandel, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und verantwortungsvolle Unternehmensführung. Die neue Veröffentlichung „Sustainable Development“ aus der Buchreihe „OECD Insights“ stützt sich auf diese Fachkompetenz. Um nachhaltige Entwicklung zu erreichen, müssen die drei Bereiche Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Umwelt zusammen berücksichtigt werden.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264056275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (475 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
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  • 83
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.665
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: In spite of improvements, on various measures of health outcomes the United States appears to rank relatively poorly among OECD countries. Health expenditures, in contrast, are significantly higher than in any other OECD country. While there are factors beyond the health-care system itself that contribute to this gap in performance, there is also likely to be scope to improve the health of Americans while reducing, or at least not increasing spending. This paper focuses on two factors that contribute to this discrepancy between health outcomes and health expenditures in the United States: inequitable access to medical services and subsidized private insurance policies; and inefficiencies in public health insurance. It then suggests two sets of reforms likely to improve the US health-care system. The first is a package of reforms to achieve close to universal health insurance coverage. The second set of reforms relates to payment methods and coverage decisions within the Medicare programme to realign incentives and increase the extent of economic evaluation of different medical procedures.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264056466
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Patent Statistics Manual
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: L’édition 2009 du Manuel de l’OCDE sur les statistiques de brevets intègre les développements récents du domaine. Elle fournit des lignes directrices pour l’utilisation des données de brevets à des fins de mesure de S&T, et des recommandations pour la compilation et l’interprétation des indicateurs de brevets dans ce contexte. Le manuel vise à montrer à quoi les données de brevets peuvent ou ne peuvent pas être utilisées, et comment compter les brevets de façon à maximiser l’information sur la S&T tout en minimisant le bruit et les biais statistiques. Enfin, il décrit comment les données de brevets peuvent être utilisées dans l’analyse d’un large spectre de thèmes liés au changement technique et à la prise de brevets, y compris les liens science-industrie, les stratégies de brevets des entreprises, l’internationalisation de la recherche, et la mesure de la valeur des brevets.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Permanent Delegation of Italy to the OECD
    ISBN: 9789264077355
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Italy 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Italie 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Italie 2009
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.688
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper finds that coherent regulatory policies can boost investment in network industries of OECD economies. Rate-of-return regulation is generally thought to result in overinvestment, while incentive regulation is believed to entail underinvestment. Yet, previous empirical work has generally found that the introduction of incentive regulation has not systematically changed investment in network industries. According to the theoretical literature, regulatory uncertainty exposes both types of regimes to the danger of underinvestment. However, regulatory uncertainty is arguably higher under rate-of-return regulation because investment decisions (what can be included in the rate base) are usually evaluated in a discretionary manner, while firms operating under incentive regulation are less affected by this behaviour. In addition, incentive regulation encourages investment in cost-reducing technologies. Using Bayesian model averaging techniques, this paper shows that incentive regulation implemented jointly with an independent sector regulator (indicating lower regulatory uncertainty) has a strong positive impact on investment in network industries. In addition, lower barriers to entry are also found to encourage sectoral investment. These results support the importance of implementing policies in a coherent framework.
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  • 87
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-37
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss how policies can affect investment in tertiary education in ways that would eliminate some of the perceived shortcomings of existing systems, while preserving or (preferably) enhancing equality of access to higher education. To this end, the analysis focuses on the institutional set-up of tertiary education that provides incentives for supplying quality educational services; the private returns from higher education which act to attract prospective students; and, individual funding mechanisms to help overcome the liquidity constraints that may restrict participation in higher education. These mechanisms should also be designed so as to prevent uncertainty about future incomes from unduly deterring investment in tertiary studies by risk-averse individuals. Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Romina Boarini, Hubert Strauss and Christine de la Maisonneuve
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.698
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper formalises the analysis of the employment-productivity trade-off by extending the framework developed by Gordon (1997) to account for labour heterogeneity. The extent of the trade-off is determined by the extent of the adjustment of capital to effective labour and by the changes in aggregate labour quality. The main experiment reported in the paper consists of assessing the labour utilisation and productivity impacts in OECD countries of aligning group-specific employment rates to the US levels. Matching the US employment performance defined in that sense would enable low-employment OECD countries to reduce only half of the aggregate employment-rate gap vis-à-vis the United States, the other half being mechanically due to differences in the population structure by age and educational attainment. In this experiment, a 1% gain in employment is associated with a decrease of 0.24% in labour productivity on average across countries, and of 0.35% in low-employment countries.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 183-213
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 183-213
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper focuses on Swiss GDP revisions and the uncertainty they generate from the point of view of monetary policy. After a description of the revisions features, we use GDP vintages to compute real-time output gaps using a production function approach. Then, with a nominal feedback rule, we assess the impact of GDP – and hence output gap – on revisions monetary policy. The main results are threefold. First, Swiss GDP revisions – similarly to those of other small economies – are large, and estimates converge slowly to their final value. Second, GDP mismeasurements clearly exacerbate the difficulty in estimating output gaps. Third, the impact of revisions on monetary policy varies over time. Via its effect on output gaps, ceteris paribus, the inaccuracy of GDP estimates risks introducing a procyclical bias in monetary policy decisions.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.734
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This paper examines various aspects of fiscal policy in Slovenia, in particular fiscal consolidation, pension reform, efficiency of government spending and the tax system. It finds that Slovenia belongs to the group of new EU member countries, which have given in the past a high priority to fiscal prudence. This both stabilised the economy and paved the way for entry to the EU in 2004 and adoption of the euro in 2007. It also created room to counteract the current weakening of the economy. But fiscal policy has to cope with four main challenges: i) ensuring a return to fiscal consolidation after the current economic downturn; ii) achieving longer-term fiscal sustainability by continuing pension reform; iii) limiting growth of public spending and improving its quality; and iv) making the tax system less distorting for job creation and growth. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovenia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/slovenia).
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  • 91
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Climate change is a major threat to sustainable growth and development in Africa, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its overdependence on rain-fed agriculture, compounded by factors such as widespread poverty and weak capacity. The main longer-term impacts include: changing rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and reducing food security; worsening water security; decreasing fish resources in large lakes due to rising temperature; shifting vectorborne diseases; rising sea level affecting low-lying coastal areas with large populations; and rising water stress.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.738
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The crisis that originated in mid-2007 in the United States and deepened in September 2008 is the largest peace-time disruption of financial markets since the Great Depression. It was triggered by a number of factors, namely the large amount of lending to subprime borrowers, the expansion of securitisation resulting in a disconnect between loan originators and final investors, the questionable assessments of credit rating agencies and the unprecedented resort to off-balance sheet vehicles. These developments took place during a traditional credit boom and reinforced the skyrocketing of asset prices, erosion of lending standards and under-pricing of risk. The crisis had serious repercussions worldwide, particularly in Europe, given the global nature of financial markets. This paper begins by considering why the Japanese banking system was initially relatively resilient to the deterioration in the global financial system, although there were some secondary effects that are discussed in the following section. The third section outlines the emergency response of the Japanese authorities to the financial crisis, including quantitative measures by the central bank and other institutions and regulatory changes by the Financial Services Agency (FSA). At the same time, the authorities have taken steps to improve the regulatory framework. The fourth section goes beyond the crisis to consider policies to boost chronically low profitability in the banking sector. Measures to promote efficiency in the financial sector by upgrading capital markets and improving the range and quality of financial products are discussed in the following section.
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  • 93
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 157-188
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 157-188
    Keywords: Economics ; Sri Lanka
    Abstract: This case study analyses the effect that the end of the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) has had on innovation in the Sri Lankan textile and clothing sector. The ending of the quota system under the MFA led to an increase in the US and EU markets which has motivated a large number of innovations in the Sri Lankan textile and clothing sector. Some large companies have become a total services provider, while others are trying to establish their own brands. Product innovations with foreign partners, process innovations such as introduction of CAD/CAM, and various marketing and organisational innovations have been implemented. Keywords: innovation, textiles and clothing, garment, Sri Lanka, Multi-Fibre Agreement, MFA, competition , CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, marketing, brands, fair-trade, outsourcing, FDI, joint-ventures
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  • 94
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-12
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-12
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The information content of qualitative survey responses are confronted with the corresponding quantitative figures on a firm-by-firm basis. This comparison permits to directly check the information content of the qualitative data. The findings indicate that survey respondents provide correct information, by and large. The results lend support to the Carlson-Parkin method and may pave the way towards improving variance estimates within this method.
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  • 95
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 53-127
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 53-127
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Research in a number of countries has shown that many people lack the ability to manage their money well. At the same time, the consequences, both to individuals and to society at large, of a failure by people to take adequate steps to safeguard their financial future are becoming increasingly serious.
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  • 96
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 307-345
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 307-345
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Financial consumers are facing paradoxical situations. On the one hand, they are overly solicited to use credits on various forms. On the other hand, segments of the population do not have access to credit. In this paper, we examine some emerging issues regarding consumer protection and information in four OECD countries: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. These four countries have much in common but nevertheless develop their own specific experience. By comparing their recent experience we identify some questions of emerging importance.
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 79-102
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 79-102
    Keywords: Economics ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: Tanzania could be a major food-exporting country but its dependence on rainfall, poor transport and marketing infrastructures, as well as low access to technology, lead to persistent food security problems. The Tanzanian government has decided to focus its Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP) on irrigation. However, even though the importance of irrigation to reduce Tanzania’s dependency on rainfall is undisputed, it would have been better to have a two-fold programme with one part focusing on production-related investments such as irrigation and the other fostering commercial agriculture and the private sector. While donor commitments to agriculture show a mixed trend, Tanzania is one of the few African countries with a basket fund in agriculture. The Tanzanian government aims to establish the ASDP as the sector programme to which all donor interventions should be aligned. First reviews of the ASDP reveal that capacity to implement the programme is lacking at all levels. A lot of capacity building and a change of mindset in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are needed to make farmer empowerment and private sector involvement a reality. Furthermore, rural and agricultural development efforts should be better co-ordinated as both draw on the same limited capacities at the local level.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.697
    Keywords: Economics ; Estonia
    Abstract: In mid-2008, high employment and low unemployment rates characterised the Estonian labour market in comparison with the average of the EU15 countries. While aggregate outcomes improved during 2000-07, large inequalities persisted across regions, ethnic groups, and workers with different skill levels. As Estonia entered recession in 2008, the unemployment rate almost doubled between the 2nd and the 4th quarter, and is expected to rise further in 2009 and 2010. More flexible labour markets will be a key adjustment mechanism during the recession as well as in the medium term if Estonia is to become a knowledge-based economy. Given the currency board arrangement and low synchronisation with the euro area, flexibility is also needed to cushion asymmetric shocks. In December 2008, parliament adopted the new Employment Contract Act, deregulating employment protection while increasing income security of the unemployed. This paper discusses options for removing the remaining barriers that impede worker reallocation across jobs, sectors, and regions into more productive activities.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.725
    Keywords: Economics ; Iceland
    Abstract: The global financial and economic crisis has struck Iceland with extreme force. Iceland’s three main banks, accounting for almost all of the banking system, failed in October 2008. They were unable to resist the deterioration in global financial markets following the failure of Lehman Brothers. The banks had pursued risky expansion strategies – notably borrowing in foreign capital markets to finance the aggressive international expansion of Icelandic investment companies – that made them vulnerable to the deterioration in global financial markets. They had also grown to be too big for the government to rescue. When access to foreign capital eventually closed, the banks failed. Non-financial firms and households were also vulnerable to the deterioration in global financial conditions, having taken on a lot of debt in recent years based on inflated collateral values. In some cases, the debt was foreign-currency denominated, without matching foreign-currency assets or revenues. In the wake of the banking crisis, the government obtained an IMF Stand-By Arrangement to provide favourable access to foreign capital markets and creditability for the recovery programme. Even so, the recession is likely to be deeper in Iceland than in most other OECD countries owing to the seriousness of the banking crisis and the weakness of private sector balance sheets. Reforms are needed to strengthen prudential regulation and supervision. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of Iceland.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.683
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the characteristics of downturns and subsequent recoveries following past banking crises in OECD countries as well as evidence of any effects on potential output growth. It is differentiated from previous analyses because it makes use of OECD measures of the output gap and potential output. Downturns following banking crises are found to be more protracted with larger output losses and disproportionate falls in housing and business investment. The recovery is typically more muted with exports providing a disproportionately large positive contribution. Evidence regarding possible effects on potential growth of a banking crisis is mixed. The banking crisis in Japan was followed by a deterioration in potential growth partly due to a worsening in productivity performance which may be related to the protracted nature of the banking problems and the resulting misallocation of capital. Following the Nordic banking crises, which were resolved more quickly, there was no deterioration in productivity performance, although there was a temporary deterioration in potential growth which is mostly explained by an increase in the structural unemployment rate, which in turn may reflect the interaction of an exceptionally severe downturn with structural labour market rigidities.
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