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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,803)
  • Leiden : Brill
  • Development  (1,953)
  • Employment  (890)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examen des politiques de transformation économique : Gros plan sur l'internationalisation de la Guadeloupe (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264333956 , 9789264434745 , 9789264756182
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les voies de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Production Transformation Policy Review: Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Située dans la mer des Caraïbes, la Guadeloupe est un département français d'outre-mer et une région européenne ultrapériphérique. Dans la série des examens des politiques de transformation économique, ce rapport examine les opportunités et les défis de cette région qui cherche une voie de développement économique plus durable. Il identifie des actions prioritaires dans plusieurs domaines, notamment la bioéconomie et l'économie circulaire, les secteurs créatifs et les énergies renouvelables. Ce Gros plan enrichit notre compréhension de la diversité des voies de développement, y compris celles des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID). Il est le fruit d'un vaste processus d'examen par les pairs auquel ont participé des acteurs publics et privés de Colombie, des pays des Caraïbes et d'autres régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ba34e4a-fr
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collective action for responsible AI in health (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
    DOI: 10.1787/f2050177-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breaking the Vicious Circles of Informal Employment and Low-Paying Work (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
    DOI: 10.1787/f95c5a74-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Industries agroalimentaires novatrices dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’UE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce document présente une vue d'ensemble des chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE (RUP de l'UE). Il évalue les tendances émergentes, discute des opportunités et des défis, examine les cadres politiques et les outils qui peuvent renforcer la participation bénéfique des RUP de l'UE dans les chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires internationales, et propose des actions prioritaires. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/04a79fa0-fr
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Common guideposts to promote interoperability in AI risk management (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.5
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD AI Principles call for AI actors to be accountable for the proper functioning of their AI systems in accordance with their role, context, and ability to act. Likewise, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises aim to minimise adverse impacts that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. To develop ‘trustworthy’ and ‘responsible’ AI systems, there is a need to identify and manage AI risks. As calls for the development of accountability mechanisms and risk management frameworks continue to grow, interoperability would enhance efficiency and reduce enforcement and compliance costs. This report provides an analysis of the commonalities of AI risk management frameworks. It demonstrates that, while some elements may sometimes differ, all the risk management frameworks analysed follow a similar and sometimes functionally equivalent risk management process.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba602d18-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entrepreneurial opportunities and working conditions of self-employed online freelancers in the platform economy : Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.45
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines the experiences of self-employed online freelancers working on digital labour platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on interviews with freelancers and platform managers and experts in Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. Their experiences during COVID-19 reveal issues of asymmetric power vis-à-vis platforms. Notably, they reported lack of transparency and certainty in their contracts with platforms, lack of power in negotiating with clients, and limited ability to engage with clients on other platforms. In addition, they often experienced difficulties in accessing government temporary supports for businesses during the pandemic. The paper puts forward policy recommendations to address these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/ebc310de-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disability, Work and Inclusion in Italy : Better Assessment for Better Support (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264400399 , 9789264792180 , 9789264702080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Disabilità, lavoro e inclusione in Italia: Una migliore valutazione per una migliore assistenza
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: One in seven working age adults identifies as having a disability in OECD countries. Many of them are excluded from meaningful work and have low levels of income and social engagement. Governments can help create an environment that supports social and labour market integration for people with disability. This report reviews the effectiveness of the social protection system for people with disability in Italy and summarises the results of a pilot carried out in four regions testing an alternative disability assessment. The current assessment process can sometimes deny services to people in need of support while being generous to people with significant health problems but who are not experiencing severe disability. A disability assessment that takes medical and functional aspects into account helps to direct services and resources to those most in need and to harmonise access to disability support across the country. Implementing disability reform has proved to be difficult in Italy in the past decade. This report provides evidence that reform can improve outcomes for people with disability.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc86aff8-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Poland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729292 , 9789264785182 , 9789264455764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Pologne 2023
    Keywords: Development ; Poland
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. A DAC member since 2013, Poland has aligned its 2021-2030 Multiannual Programme with the 2030 Agenda, under the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Building on recommendations made in Poland’s first peer review in 2017, this review identifies opportunities for the Polish development co-operation system to work better together, programme bilateral official development assistance (ODA) more efficiently, and enhance multilateral and civil society partnerships. Recommendations include moving from annual calls for proposals to a more sustainable partnerships model, strengthening the MFA’s capabilities to co-ordinate with other actors in partner countries and better aligning Poland’s international engagement with its commitments to sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/deae8fba-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using AI to support people with disability in the labour market : Opportunities and challenges (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.7
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: People with disability face persisting difficulties in the labour market. There are concerns that AI, if managed poorly, could further exacerbate these challenges. Yet, AI also has the potential to create more inclusive and accommodating environments and might help remove some of the barriers faced by people with disability in the labour market. Building on interviews with more than 70 stakeholders, this report explores the potential of AI to foster employment for people with disability, accounting for both the transformative possibilities of AI-powered solutions and the risks attached to the increased use of AI for people with disability. It also identifies obstacles hindering the use of AI and discusses what governments could do to avoid the risks and seize the opportunities of using AI to support people with disability in the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/008b32b7-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Faire des énergies renouvelables des moteurs de la compétitivité dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’UE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making renewable energies drivers of competitiveness in the EU Outermost Regions
    Keywords: Development ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce document donne un aperçu du développement des énergies renouvelables dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’Union européenne (RUP de l’UE), se concentrant sur la capacité de ces énergies à contribuer à la transition verte tout en ouvrant des perspectives de développement économique durable. Il décrit les cadres d'action et les outils mis en place par les RUP de l’UE pour agir dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, et formule des recommandations politiques. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b3cb0b0-fr
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving the Legal Environment for Business and Investment in Central Asia : Progress Report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264788534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Совершенствование правовой среды предпринимательства и инвестиционной деятельности в странах Центральной Азии: отчет о прогрессе
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: While Central Asia has proven relatively resilient to the shocks of COVID-19, China’s slowdown and Russia’s war in Ukraine, declining trend rates of growth across the region, lacklustre productivity performance and lingering global uncertainty underscore the need to address weaknesses in the business and investment climate. The implementation of predictable rules, the creation of a level-playing field between firms and greater competition in markets, in particular, could encourage both local entrepreneurs and foreign investors to invest and grow in the region. This report presents an assessment of progress since the 2019-2020 analysis of the legal environment for business and investment in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan against the backdrop of the changing international context brought about by COVID and the war.
    DOI: 10.1787/33a28683-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disabilità, lavoro e inclusione in Italia : Una migliore valutazione per una migliore assistenza (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567672 , 9789264966635 , 9789264519008
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Disability, Work and Inclusion in Italy: Better Assessment for Better Support
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: Nei Paesi OCSE, un adulto in età lavorativa su sette si identifica quale persona con disabilità. Molte di loro sono escluse dalla possibilità di avere un lavoro significativo e hanno bassi livelli di reddito e di impegno sociale. I governi possono contribuire a creare un ambiente che sostenga l'integrazione sociale e lavorativa delle persone con disabilità. Il presente rapporto esamina l'efficacia del sistema di protezione sociale per le persone con disabilità in Italia. Riassume inoltre i risultati di un progetto pilota condotto in quattro regioni per testare una valutazione alternativa della disabilità. L'attuale processo di valutazione può talvolta negare i servizi alle persone che hanno bisogno di sostegno, mentre è generoso con le persone con problemi di salute significativi ma che non presentano una disabilità grave. Una valutazione della disabilità che tenga conto degli aspetti medici e funzionali, aiuta a indirizzare i servizi e le risorse verso le persone più bisognose. Inoltre, aiuta ad armonizzare l'accesso alle prestazioni e ai servizi di disabilità in tutto il Paese. L'attuazione della riforma sulla disabilità si è rivelata difficile in Italia. Il presente rapporto offre evidenza del fatto che la riforma può migliorare le condizioni delle persone con disabilità.
    DOI: 10.1787/66abbfe6-it
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  • 15
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    Extending social protection to informal economy workers : Lessons from the Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIbIH) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.350
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This paper exploits the information available in the OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIBIH) to shed light on several elements that could help inform national strategies for the extension of social protection to workers in the informal economy. It provides an assessment of current social protection coverage of informal workers throughout a large sample of developing and emerging economies and proposes a statistical framework to examine country-specific data, upon which a strategy for extending social protection to informal workers could be articulated. While the paper does not intend to provide detailed country-level recommendations, it highlights a number of important findings and policy directions as regards the way to extend non-contributory and contributory schemes to informal workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca19539d-en
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  • 16
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    Co-ordination across the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.114
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper provides a detailed analysis of co-ordination amongst organisations engaging in fragile and conflict-affected contexts. Co-ordination is the first pillar of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Recommendation on the Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) Nexus adopted by the DAC in 2019. Effective co-ordination is critical to the success of HDP Nexus approaches. However, despite a limited donor base and implementing entities, challenges persist in co-ordinating actions across humanitarian, development, and peace sectors. Exploring a spectrum of co-ordination approaches, this paper aims to inform policy discussions with a renewed attention on development effectiveness and coherent approaches.
    DOI: 10.1787/fd302760-en
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  • 17
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    Mer et innovation : Vecteurs d’internationalisation des régions ultrapériphériques de l’UE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.51
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovative oceans: Drivers of internationalisation for the EU Outermost regions
    Keywords: Development ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce document présente une vue d'ensemble de l'économie de la mer dans les régions ultrapériphériques (RUP) de l'UE. Il examine les opportunités et les défis auxquels les RUP de l'UE sont confrontées à la lumière des tendances mondiales émergentes, et propose des actions prioritaires pour faire de l'océan un vecteur de compétitivité et d'internationalisation. Ces actions pourraient être menées en collaboration avec l'UE et des partenaires spécifiques au bassin, tels que les petits États insulaires en développement des Caraïbes, de l'Atlantique et de l'océan Indien. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/104a136f-fr
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  • 18
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    Multi-level governance and subnational finance in Asia and the Pacific (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.61
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Armenia ; Australia ; Azerbaijan ; Bangladesh ; Bhutan ; Cambodia ; China, People’s Republic ; Georgia ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Kyrgyzstan ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Mongolia ; Nepal ; New Zealand ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; Sri Lanka ; Tajikistan ; Thailand ; Uzbekistan ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Subnational governments in Asia and the Pacific are key providers of the public services and infrastructure required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Given this role, it is essential that policymakers and development partners understand and support the effective functioning of multi-level governance structures and subnational government finances across the region. This joint OECD-ADB report provides a comprehensive overview of subnational governments across Asia and the Pacific. It covers over 467,000 subnational governments from 26 countries, which represent 53% of the world’s population and 40% of global GDP. On average in 2020, subnational governments in the region accounted for 29% of total public expenditure (8.8% of GDP), 35% of total public revenue (8.5% of GDP) and 38% of public investment (2% of GDP). Harnessing unique data from the 3rd edition of the OECD-UCLG World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment, the analysis highlights how decentralisation and territorial reforms have reconfigured the structures and finances of subnational governments in the region. It covers a range of topics including fiscal rules, financial management capacity, priority-based budgeting, asset management and the use of public-private partnerships.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3e8a2fb-en
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  • 19
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : États-Unis 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264726550 , 9789264859210 , 9789264779952
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United States 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States
    Abstract: Première économie mondiale, les États-Unis ont progressé dans la réduction de plusieurs pressions environnementales tout en conservant l’un des produits intérieurs bruts par habitant les plus élevés au monde. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de polluants atmosphériques, les prélèvements d’eau et la consommation intérieure de matières y ont été découplés de la croissance économique et démographique. Les niveaux de consommation élevés, les pratiques agricoles intensives, le changement climatique et l’étalement urbain continuent toutefois d’exercer des pressions sur le milieu naturel. Malgré l’accélération récente de l’action publique face au changement climatique, des efforts supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour atteindre l’objectif de neutralité en gaz à effet de serre d’ici à 2050. Par ailleurs, les États-Unis figurent parmi les principaux producteurs de déchets marins, lesquels ont de graves conséquences pour les populations et l’environnement. Le présent rapport contient 30 recommandations visant à aider les États-Unis à améliorer leurs performances environnementales, et accorde une attention particulière à l’enjeu des déchets marins et à la problématique transversale de la justice environnementale. Troisième Examen environnemental consacré aux États‑Unis, il propose une évaluation indépendante, fondée sur des données factuelles, des performances environnementales du pays au cours de la dernière décennie. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport. Le rapport complet est disponible en anglais sur le site Internet de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/0b0ca2ea-fr
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    SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2024 : Building Resilience in Challenging Times (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264750456 , 9789264514225 , 9789264956445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2024 – Building resilience in challenging times is a unique benchmarking tool to assess and monitor progress in the design and implementation of SME policies against EU and international best practice. It embraces the priorities laid out in the European Union’s SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe and is structured around the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe, which provide a wide range of measures to guide the design and implementation of SME policies. This report marks the fourth edition in this series, following assessments in 2012, 2016, and 2020. It tracks progress made since 2020 and offers the latest key findings on SME development and related policies in the countries of the Eastern Partnership (EaP). It also identifies emerging challenges affecting SMEs in the region and provides recommendations to address them. The 2024 edition benefits from an updated methodology that also offers a deeper analysis of policies to support the digital transformation of SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/3197420e-en
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  • 21
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    Financement climatique fourni et mobilisé par les pays développés en 2013-2021 : Tendances agrégées et opportunités pour accroître le financement de l'adaptation et la mobilisation de fonds privés (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264525429 , 9789264569638 , 9789264928466
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Le financement climatique et l'objectif des 100 milliards de dollars
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2021: Aggregate Trends and Opportunities for Scaling Up Adaptation and Mobilised Private Finance
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les tendances agrégées du financement climatique annuel fourni et mobilisé par les pays développés pour les pays en développement sur la période 2013-2021. Les tendances sont présentées par thème climatique, secteur, par instrument financier et par groupe de pays bénéficiaires pour la période 2016-2021. Le rapport fournit également des recommandations clés pour les bailleurs de fonds internationaux afin d'augmenter le financement de l'adaptation et de mobiliser plus efficacement le financement privé pour l'action climatique, qui sont à la fois des priorités politiques importantes et des éléments représentants un défi à l’heure actuelle. Les recommandations de ce rapport se basent sur deux publications de l'OCDE sur l'augmentation des financements privés pour le climat et l'adaptation.
    DOI: 10.1787/40558351-fr
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    Scaling Up Adaptation Finance in Developing Countries : Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264714250 , 9789264901896 , 9789264897014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report analyses current trends of adaptation finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries. It explores potential action areas for international providers to scale up funding for climate change adaptation, including by unlocking the potential of the private sector. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights to the broader and longer-term objective of supporting developing countries’ ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0878862-en
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  • 23
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    Le dinamiche di sviluppo dell'Africa 2023 : Investire nello sviluppo sostenibile (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264452886
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África 2023: Investir no desenvolvimento sustentável
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dynamiques du développement en Afrique 2023 : Investir dans le développement durable
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Africa's Development Dynamics 2023: Investing in Sustainable Development
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Il rapporto "Le dinamiche di sviluppo dell'Africa" fa tesoro degli insegnamenti tratti dalle esperienze dell'Africa centrale, orientale, settentrionale, meridionale e occidentale per elaborare raccomandazioni strategiche e condividere le buone pratiche in tutto il continente. Basandosi sulle statistiche più recenti, l'analisi delle dinamiche di sviluppo mira ad aiutare i leader africani a conseguire gli obiettivi dell'Agenda 2063 dell'Unione africana a tutti i livelli: continentale, regionale, nazionale e locale. La presente edizione esamina in che modo l'Africa possa attirare investimenti in grado di offrire il miglior equilibrio tra obiettivi economici, sociali e ambientali. I suoi dati recenti e le sue analisi sono messi a disposizione dei responsabili politici al fine di migliorare le valutazioni dei rischi, rafforzare i partenariati diretti dall'Africa e accelerare l'integrazione regionale in modo da aumentare gli investimenti sostenibili. Due capitoli esaminano il panorama degli investimenti in Africa e le relative priorità politiche a livello di continente. I cinque capitoli regionali propongono raccomandazioni ad hoc per settori strategici quali gli ecosistemi naturali, le energie rinnovabili, i finanziamenti per il clima e le catene di valore agroalimentari. Il rapporto "Le dinamiche di sviluppo dell'Africa" alimenta il dibattito politico tra i governi dell'Unione africana, i cittadini, gli imprenditori e i ricercatori. Propone una nuova collaborazione tra Paesi e regioni, incentrata sull'apprendimento reciproco e sulla conservazione dei beni comuni, ed è il frutto della collaborazione tra la Commissione dell'Unione africana e il Centro per lo sviluppo dell'OCSE.
    DOI: 10.1787/88bbaef0-it
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    Raising the bar: Designing and implementing innovative contracted-out employment services in OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.301
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Two out of five OECD countries contract out some of the job brokerage and counselling functions of publicly financed employment services using outcome-based payment models. This paper examines several important aspects related to the design and implementation of such outsourcing. First, innovative payment models can improve incentives for external providers to offer training and more effective services for hard-to-place clients. Second, providing forward guidance to providers and accounting for contingencies can mitigate their risks, e.g. of being underpaid relative to expenses incurred, thus lowering service costs. Third, letting individuals choose a provider can result in services that are better tailored and foster ongoing competition between providers. Finally, automating data exchange can, somewhat paradoxically, improve data privacy and data protection while enabling new payment models. These and related findings are discussed with country examples based on desk research and interviews with stakeholders in several OECD countries. The paper builds on work conducted in the project “Reforming the Swedish Public Employment Service”, which was carried out with funding from the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument and was implemented by the OECD in cooperation with the European Commission's Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7a819e8-en
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  • 25
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    Intégration des réfugiés ukrainiens : une double approche (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Working towards dual intent integration of Ukrainian refugees
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Le déplacement des ukrainiens dans les pays de l’OCDE s’inscrivant dans la durée, une aide supplémentaire à l’intégration est nécessaire pour parvenir à des résultats adéquats, mais la nature et la portée de cette aide peuvent ne pas correspondre aux pratiques d’intégration habituelles car il est probable que de nombreux réfugiés voudront vouloir rentrer chez eux lorsque la situation le permettra. Au vu de ces besoins apparemment contradictoires, adopter une approche de l’intégration visant un double objectif permettrait de prévoir à la fois la possibilité d’un séjour d’une durée indéterminée dans le pays d’accueil et celle d’un retour des réfugiés en Ukraine, tout en s'attachant à minimiser les éventuels obstacles au retour.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a730efe-fr
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    Generative artificial intelligence in finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.9
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration in the pace of AI innovation in recent years and the advent of content generating capabilities (Generative AI or GenAI) have increased interest in AI innovation in finance, in part due to the user-friendliness and intuitive interface of GenAI tools. The use of AI in financial markets involving full end-to-end automation without any human intervention remains largely at development phase, but its wider deployment could amplify risks already present in financial markets and give rise to new challenges. This paper presents recent evolutions in AI in finance and potential risks and discusses whether policy makers may need to reinforce policies and strengthen protection against these risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac7149cc-en
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  • 27
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    Towards a Blue Recovery in Samoa : Appraisal Report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264521803 , 9789264619197 , 9789264878525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Samoa
    Abstract: The re-opening of Samoa’s borders in late-2022 kickstarted the country’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This offers an opportunity to rebuild sustainably its tourism, maritime transport, and fisheries sectors. Samoa’s ocean resources can also augment its resilience to future shocks such as climate change. Through an analysis of Samoa’s economic trends and environmental pressures, institutional set-up and policy tools, as well as financing landscape, this report identifies opportunities and challenges for Samoa’s ocean economy to drive sustainable and resilient development. The Samoa Ocean Strategy offers a blueprint for such a pursuit, but there remain gaps and impediments. To address them, the report provides several cross-cutting and sector-specific policy recommendations to accelerate Samoa’s transition to a sustainable ocean economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd8d4112-en
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    Working towards dual intent integration of Ukrainian refugees (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration des réfugiés ukrainiens : une double approche
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As the displacement of Ukrainians in OECD countries is prolonged, additional integration support in host countries is needed for optimal outcomes, yet the nature and scope of support needed may not align with the usual integration practices as many refugees are expected to want to return to home when the situation permits. Considering the conflicting needs, adopting a dual intent approach could prepare for both indefinite stay as well as for possible return of refugees by deliberatively seeking to minimise possible return barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b4c16f7-en
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  • 29
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    Financing cost impacts on cost competitiveness of green hydrogen in emerging and developing economies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.227
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Green hydrogen, produced from water and renewable power through the electrolysis process, can play a crucial role in the low-carbon transition to achieve the net-zero emission targets. Currently, the production cost of green hydrogen is not competitive when compared to hydrogen produced from natural gas. High capital costs are a major factor constraining its cost-competitiveness. This working paper utilises financial market data to address the knowledge gap concerning the range of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for green hydrogen projects. It also conducts a survey among investors and financiers to identify key risk factors contributing to the high WACC. The key risks that have been identified include offtaker risks, lack of credible offtakers, price uncertainty of green hydrogen, and the absence of hydrogen trading markets. These risks are closely connected to the available risk mitigation strategies and tools. The paper summarises key risk mitigation strategies identified through case studies of lighthouse green hydrogen projects that have either reached or are nearly point of reaching financial investment decisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/15b16fc3-en
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    Big Data Intelligence on Skills Demand and Training in Umbria (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264509702 , 9789264823266 , 9789264798014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Italy
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the Umbrian economy, and despite recovery of labour demand, the region faces challenges related to digitalisation, tight labour markets, and volatile demand for low-skilled jobs. To address these issues, the OECD and the Umbrian regional agency for active labour market policies (ARPAL) have collaborated to investigate the labour and skills demand of the region using big data techniques applied to online job postings. This report provides new insights into the alignment between labour and skills demand and the training options available in the training and education programmes contained in the Umbrian Regional Training Catalogue. This report builds new indicators to measure the alignment of course content with employer demands in Umbria, with results showing that alignment is relatively good for some occupations but that this can be strengthened to provide job seekers with up-to-date training options that match the demand of the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/4bbbbfd6-en
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    Internationalisation, spécialisation et collaboration technologique dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’UE : Une analyse à partir des données de brevets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.50
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Internationalisation, specialisation and technological collaboration in the EU Outermost Regions: A patent data-based analysis
    Keywords: Development ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce document explore la dynamique d'innovation des régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE (RUP de l'UE) en s’appuyant sur des données de brevets. Il souligne le potentiel de collaboration internationale avec un large éventail de partenaires et recommande de mobiliser les ressources et les stratégies fournies par l'UE pour renforcer la recherche et l'innovation dans le secteur privé, améliorer l'impact des centres de recherche publics et des universités et favoriser la coopération intrarégionale. Il appelle également à renforcer les liens avec les pays africains, la région Amérique latine et Caraïbes, ainsi que les petits États insulaires en développement (PEID), afin d'encourager les collaborations fondées sur l'innovation, en particulier dans les domaines de l'agriculture durable, des énergies renouvelables et de l'économie des océans. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/a86d45c2-fr
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    Innovative approaches to tackle long-term unemployment (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.300
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Long-term unemployment remains a structural challenge for most OECD countries. Despite major efforts to address this issue, the efficiency and effectiveness of many existing active labour market policies are limited for jobseekers who face major vulnerabilities and have no ties to the labour market. Therefore, there is a need for innovative approaches that specifically address the barriers faced by long-term unemployed individuals in their labour market (re)integration. This paper discusses examples of promising practices from across Europe, which can serve as a source of inspiration for policymakers seeking new approaches to assist vulnerable jobseekers in overcoming the challenge of long-term unemployment.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1f7e16e-en
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    The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1774
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Germany
    Abstract: The green transformation of the economy is expected to lead to a sharp reduction in employment in carbon-intensive industries. For designing policies to support displaced workers, it is crucial to better understand the cost of job loss, whether there are specific effects of being displaced from a carbon-intensive sector and which workers are most at risk. By using German administrative labour market data and focusing on mass layoff events, we estimate the cost of involuntary job displacement for workers in high carbon-intensity sectors and compare it with the displacement costs for workers in low carbon-intensity sectors. We find that displaced workers from high carbon-intensity sectors have, on average, higher earnings losses and face stronger difficulties in finding a new job and recovering their earnings. Our results indicate that this is mainly due to human capital specificity, the regional clustering of carbon-intensive activities and higher wage premia in carbon-intensive firms. Workers displaced in high carbon-intensity sectors are older, face higher local labour market concentration and have fewer outside options for finding jobs with similar skill requirements. They have a higher probability to switch occupations and sectors, move to occupations that are more different in terms of skill requirements compared to the pre-displacement job, and are more likely to change workplace districts after displacement. Women, older workers and those with vocational degrees as well as workers in East Germany, experience particularly high costs in case they are displaced from high carbon-intensity sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f636d3b-en
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    China's development co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.113
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Trade ; Environment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This paper traces the history of China’s development co-operation system and looks into its practices, touching upon implementation gaps with established international norms and practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbe45d2-en
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    Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2021 : Aggregate Trends and Opportunities for Scaling Up Adaptation and Mobilised Private Finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264780460 , 9789264759169 , 9789264720954
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Financement climatique fourni et mobilisé par les pays développés en 2013-2021 : Tendances agrégées et opportunités pour accroître le financement de l'adaptation et la mobilisation de fonds privés
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report presents aggregate trends of annual climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries for the period 2013-2021. It includes breakdowns by climate theme, sector, financial instrument and recipient country grouping for the period 2016-2021. The report also provides key recommendations for international providers to increase financing towards adaptation and more effectively mobilise private finance for climate action, which are both important policy priorities and current bottlenecks. The recommendations in this report draw from two OECD publications on scaling up private climate finance and adaptation finance.
    DOI: 10.1787/e20d2bc7-en
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Israël 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264669468 , 9789264535619 , 9789264937840
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Israel 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Israel
    Abstract: La rapide croissance économique et démographique que connaît Israël et son fort degré d’urbanisation continuent d’exercer des pressions significatives sur l’environnement. Le pays a relevé ses ambitions en matière de climat ces dernières années, mais n’est pas parti pour atteindre ses objectifs de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. De nouvelles mesures s’imposent pour mieux protéger la biodiversité, combattre la pollution de l’eau et s’adapter aux effets du changement climatique. Israël a pris une série de mesures importantes au service de ses ambitions de réduction à zéro des déchets et de circularité de l’économie. Il doit toutefois redoubler d’efforts pour améliorer la gestion des déchets et mettre l’économie dans son ensemble sur la voie de la circularité. L’examen formule 24 recommandations qui visent à aider Israël à améliorer ses performances environnementales, et accorde une attention particulière à la gestion des déchets et à l’économie circulaire. Avec ce deuxième Examen environnemental d’Israël, l’OCDE propose une évaluation indépendante, fondée sur des données factuelles, des performances environnementales du pays au cours de la dernière décennie. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport. Le rapport complet est disponible en anglais sur le site web de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/97b04926-fr
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    Scaling Up the Mobilisation of Private Finance for Climate Action in Developing Countries : Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264422209 , 9789264406827 , 9789264489998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report explores evidence-based action areas to increase and accelerate the mobilisation of private finance for climate action in developing countries, and the role of international public finance providers in doing so. It draws on best-available data to provide disaggregated analysis of the sectoral, geographic and other features of private finance mobilised by public climate finance and presents key economy-wide, sector-specific, and institutional challenges to private finance mobilisation. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights related to mobilising private finance for climate action in developing countries more broadly.
    DOI: 10.1787/17a88681-en
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Pologne 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264676923 , 9789264818750 , 9789264395190
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Poland 2023
    Keywords: Development ; Poland
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. Membre du CAD depuis 2013, la Pologne a aligné son Programme pluriannuel 2021-2030 sur l'Agenda 2030, sous la direction du ministère des Affaires étrangères (MAE). En s'appuyant sur les recommandations formulées lors du premier examen par les pairs de la Pologne en 2017, celui-ci identifie les moyens pour le système polonais de coopération au développement de travailler de façon plus efficace, de mieux programmer l'APD bilatérale et de renforcer ses partenariats multilatéraux et avec la société civile. Il recommande de passer d’un système d’appels à propositions annuels à un modèle de partenariats plus durable, de renforcer la capacité du MAE à se coordonner avec les acteurs des pays partenaires et de mieux aligner l'engagement international de la Pologne avec ses engagements en faveur du développement durable.
    DOI: 10.1787/d7666b4f-fr
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  • 39
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    Преодоление экономических бурь в странах Центральной Азии: первые последствия войны в Украине (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586659 , 9789264515680 , 9789264367593
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Weathering Economic Storms in Central Asia: Initial Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Война России против Украины и введенные против нее международные санкции неожиданно мягко отразились на Центральной Азии, несмотря на глубокую экономическую зависимость региона от своего северного соседа. Невзирая на высокую инфляцию, пять государств Центральной Азии - Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Таджикистан, Туркменистан и Узбекистан - до сих пор демонстрировали удивительную устойчивость к экономическим потрясениям: денежные переводы зарегистрировали рекордно высокие показатели в первой половине 2022 года, национальные валюты быстро вернулись к довоенному уровню после изначального падения, а приток квалифицированных работников повысил спрос на услуги и гостиничный бизнес. Однако по мере того, как начинают проявляться среднесрочные последствия санкций против России, глобального кризиса стоимости жизни и замедления экономического роста Китая, Центральная Азия сталкивается с затянувшейся неопределенностью. В данной публикации дается оценка краткосрочных последствий войны России для экономик Центральной Азии и ответных мер политики. В ней также анализируются предстоящие задачи, и представлены политические рекомендации, направленные на большую устойчивость и диверсификацию экономик Центральной Азии.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f532c6e-ru
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  • 40
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    ウクライナ難民のスキルと初期の労働市場の成果について (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What we know about the skills and early labour market outcomes of refugees from Ukraine
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: ロシアの対ウクライナ侵略戦争の結果、2022年11月中旬までに、ウクライナを出国した約470万人が欧州連合（EU）に難民として一時保護登録された。成人のほとんどは女性で、他の難民グループやウクライナの一般人口と比較して、平均より高い学歴を有している。 これらの難民の職歴について現在得られる情報は限られているが、それによると彼らの大多数は戦争が始まった時点で仕事を持っていた。その中には、無視できない数の医療・教育分野の就労者がいた。 ウクライナ難民の労働市場への受け入れは、他の難民グループと比較して早い。欧州のOECD加盟国のうち数カ国では、生産年齢のウクライナ難民で就労している人の割合がすでに40％を超えている（オランダ、リトアニア、エストニア、英国など）。短期雇用や非正規雇用を考慮すると、他の国々、特にポーランドとチェコでも同様の割合になるとみられる。他の国々では、その割合は低いものの上昇している。 ウクライナ人の労働市場への参入は比較的早かったが、彼らの現在の雇用状況の少なくとも一部には、彼らの実際のスキルよりも、彼らが利用できるネットワークが反映されている。早期に就職できた仕事の多くが低技能の仕事に集中しているため、技能のミスマッチが蔓延している。また、ウクライナ難民の場合、育児を理由にパートタイム雇用で働く人の方が多い。 正規の資格水準が高いと、技能の移転可能性や外国の資格の評価という問題が生じる。いくつかの国々は、支援活動の改善や情報提供などにより認定制度を強化している。各国は、特に医療分野において、認定手続きの合理化や特定の職業要件の撤廃により、規制された職業に就きやすくしている。
    DOI: 10.1787/f70c7f97-ja
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  • 41
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    Совершенствование правовой среды предпринимательства и инвестиционной деятельности в странах Центральной Азии : отчет о прогрессе (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264673915
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the Legal Environment for Business and Investment in Central Asia: Progress Report
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Хотя Центральная Азия оказалась относительно устойчивой к потрясениям COVID-19, замедлению темпов роста в Китае и войне России на Украине, снижение темпов роста в регионе, низкая производительность труда и сохраняющаяся глобальная неопределенность указывают на необходимость устранения недостатков делового и инвестиционного климата. Внедрение предсказуемых правил, создание равных условий для компаний и усиление конкуренции на рынках, в частности, может стимулировать как местных предпринимателей, так и иностранных инвесторов к инвестированию и развитию в регионе. В настоящем отчете представлена оценка прогресса, достигнутого после проведения в 2019-2020 гг. анализа правовой среды для бизнеса и инвестиций в Казахстане, Кыргызстане, Таджикистане, Туркменистане и Узбекистане на фоне изменения международного контекста, вызванного COVID-19 и войной.
    DOI: 10.1787/6151f6c2-ru
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  • 42
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    Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt : Spotlight on the AfCFTA and Industrialisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890510 , 9789264539907 , 9789264408913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Industrialisierung ; Industriepolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Ägypten ; AfCFTA-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: At a time when global trade is under pressure and countries increasingly turn to regional integration to support their development, this Spotlight is a timely read for policy makers and business leaders in Africa and beyond. It shows how harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) can support industrialisation in Egypt, and more widely in Africa, by tapping the full potential of regional supply chains, including renewable energies, pharmaceuticals, logistics and creative industries. This report builds on and enriches the Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt: Embracing Change, Achieving Prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ac95e0c-en
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  • 43
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    Evaluation Systems in Development Co-operation 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264814554 , 9789264948938 , 9789264819894
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Bewertung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: Drawing on the experiences of the members and observer organisations of the Development Assistance Committee Network on Development Evaluation (EVALNET), this study provides a snapshot of the core elements and ways of working within development evaluation systems. It offers insight to development co-operation organisations as they seek to establish or strengthen credible evaluation systems of their own, to support learning and accountability. The report also explores the role of evaluation in development co-operation and humanitarian assistance, including the various policy and institutional arrangements used with evaluation systems. It then reviews the evaluation process, from deciding on evaluations to disseminating findings and finally, focuses on how evaluation findings are used to improve development co-operation efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/a255365e-en
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  • 44
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    OECD Development Co‑operation Peer Reviews: Hungary 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264880139 , 9789264492608 , 9789264695993
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Hongrie 2023
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Ungarn ; Development ; Hungary
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. A DAC member since only 2016, Hungary has achieved impressive growth in its official development assistance (ODA). Bilateral co-operation has increased, in particular, and relies on close consultation with partners. Hungary champions sustainable water management, combining diplomacy, domestic expertise and development co-operation. In fragile contexts, it focuses its support to local civil society organisations, and in particular faith-based actors. As it continues to make progress towards established DAC standards and ways of working, an institutional reorganisation provides Hungary with significant opportunities for further reform. This peer review provides a set of recommendations to increase the impact of Hungary’s engagement in partner countries, deepen collaboration across institutions and with stakeholders, strengthen internal systems, and balance tensions between domestic and global objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/ec7d67f1-en
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  • 45
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    Participation of the social economy in the provision of Sweden’s public employment services (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/04
    Keywords: Employment ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden is undergoing a major reform of its public employment service Arbetsförmedlingen towards contracting out employment services to independent providers. At the same time, Arbetsförmedlingen is also undergoing a significant restructuring, resulting in a downscaling of physical presence across the country and an increased digitalisation of services. As this report shows, the social economy and in particular work integration social enterprises can play an important role in the delivery of publicly-financed employment services. The report analyses the main features of the social economy in general as well as its current role in employment policies in Sweden. Moreover, it discusses challenges in engaging social economy organisations as providers in the market for contracted-out employment services in Sweden with respect to the legal framework, contracting rules, financial barriers, payment models, and co-operation structures. Lastly, it offers recommendations based on international practice to help design and implement the proposed policy recommendations in the Swedish context.
    DOI: 10.1787/4949e828-en
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  • 46
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    Policy Guide on Legal Frameworks for the Social and Solidarity Economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264380394 , 9789264906037 , 9789264741188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: The Policy Guide on Legal Frameworks for the Social and Solidarity Economy aims to support countries, regions and cities wishing to use legal frameworks as an appropriate lever to develop conducive social and solidarity economy (SSE) ecosystems. Building on data and information as well as good practice examples from over 33 countries, it provides step-by-step guidance, success factors and "pitfalls to avoid" to help policy makers i) assess why and when legal frameworks for the SSE are needed; ii) select legal options and involve stakeholders; iii) evaluate the performance of laws, and, iv) foster international peer learning on this topic. The guide also capitalises on learnings from the scoping paper on Legal frameworks for the social and solidarity economy, prepared as part of the OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems”, funded by the European Union’s Foreign Partnership Instrument and Designing Legal Frameworks for Social Enterprises: Practical Guidance for Policy Makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c228f62-en
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    Handbook on Measuring Digital Platform Employment and Work (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264762978 , 9789264518902 , 9789264791183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gig Economy ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Digitale Plattform ; Messung ; Welt ; Employment ; Handbuch
    Abstract: National Statistical Offices face a growing policy demand for better statistics on digital platform employment and work. New statistical definitions are needed to avoid undercounting the number of people involved in these jobs. In addition, new sources of data, including non-official ones, may be needed to meet the statistical challenges of measuring digital platform employment and work. The OECD, the International Labour Organisation and the European Commission have joined forces to produce this Handbook on Measuring Digital Platform Employment and Work, which assesses measurement options and provides first recommendations on these issues. The Handbook first proposes a general definition of digital platform work and a conceptual framework that helps identify the key features of digital platform employment and work, which statisticians should bear in mind when designing their research objectives and operational protocol. The Handbook then reviews the main statistical vehicles used for measuring digital platform employment, and discusses previous statistical initiatives by National Statistical Offices through the lens of its conceptual framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ddcac3b-en
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  • 48
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    Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas 2022 : Un Llamado de Alerta para Financiar Datos Mejores (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700451 , 9789264580589 , 9789264336940
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The PARIS21 Partner Report on Support to Statistics 2022: A Wake-Up Call to Finance Better Data
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rapport de PARIS21 sur le soutien des partenaires à la statistique 2022 : L’urgent financement de meilleures données pour le développement
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A pesar de que ya casi hemos alcanzado el punto intermedio de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, existe una carencia de datos considerable que amenaza con dejar atrás a la población más pobre y vulnerable. El Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas alerta sobre aquellos déficits de financiación de datos y estadísticas que aumentaron en 2020, y señala que la pandemia de COVID-19 es solo una de las causas que propiciaron este aumento. Visto el empeoramiento del desarrollo mundial, así como el creciente número de amenazas mundiales complejas, es preciso que los líderes reiteren su promesa de apoyar la elaboración de datos y estadísticas, pues son esenciales para poder formular políticas eficaces y con gran capacidad de impacto. El Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas es el informe insignia del Consorcio y constituye el análisis anual más completo de los flujos financieros de los donantes para datos y estadísticas. Esta edición de 2022 pone de manifiesto, por primera vez, las repercusiones que la crisis de COVID-19 ha causado en la financiación destinada a las estadísticas; asimismo, defiende que es preciso volver a poner el foco de atención en los datos y las estadísticas, para ser capaces de superar las crisis que depara el futuro.
    DOI: 10.1787/10575a0a-es
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    Promoting Active Ageing in Lithuania : Policy Challenges and Solutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264725881 , 9789264477131 , 9789264819603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Seniorenpolitik ; Litauen ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Lithuania is one of the fastest-ageing countries in Europe. Its working-age population is not only ageing, but also expected to decline significantly, giving rise to considerable economic, labour market, social and public governance challenges. The inclusion of older persons has improved in many areas in the past two decades. Yet, many Lithuanians aged 55 and over continue to lag in fully engaging in society relative to younger people and their peers in neighbouring countries. This report takes a holistic approach to analyse Active Ageing policies in Lithuania in three dimensions: labour market inclusion, social policies, and participation in public and political life. It provides tailored policy recommendations to improve the well-being of older people in Lithuania in terms of better employment and lifelong learning outcomes, stronger integration in society, and participation in democratic institutions and processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b4d4cfd-en
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Islande 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264397316 , 9789264343580 , 9789264577442
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Iceland 2023
    Keywords: Development ; Iceland
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération pour le développement, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. L’Islande adopte, vis-à-vis de ses trois pays partenaires, une approche de long terme pilotée par les partenaires et axée sur la pauvreté, et s’appuie sur ses partenaires multilatéraux pour compléter son portefeuille bilatéral. Elle parvient à faire progresser l’égalité des genres, et de nouveaux accords-cadres conclus avec la société civile ont consolidé ses partenariats. Cet examen par les pairs formule plusieurs recommandations pour aider l’Islande à concentrer sa politique de développement 2024-28 et sa stratégie environnementale et climatique à venir sur un nombre limité de domaines ; tirer parti des hausses récentes de ses volumes d’APD pour élaborer une feuille de route concrète en vue d’atteindre un ratio APD/RNB de 0.7 % ; et adopter une planification stratégique des effectifs pour remédier aux problèmes de ressources humaines. Le Centre GRÓ devrait donner la priorité, dans ses formations, au renforcement des capacités des institutions partenaires et le ministère des Affaires étrangères s’attacher à garantir l’additionnalité et la durabilité lorsqu’il collabore avec le secteur privé.
    DOI: 10.1787/7fe25e56-fr
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    Strengthening the attractiveness of the public service in France : Towards a territorial approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Renforcer l'attractivité de la fonction publique en France : Vers une approche territoriale
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalmarketing ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: A growing number of OECD countries are facing the challenge of making their public service more attractive, even as public policy management becomes increasingly complex and requires new skills. This paper seeks to identify the attractiveness factors of the public service in the French regions and across the member countries of the European Union, particularly within a context of major trends in public employment that are constantly changing. The first section aims to shed light on the attractiveness of the French public service in French regions, through a mostly qualitative focus on four regions (Grand Est, Hauts-de-France, Île-de-France, Normandy). These regions are facing, in whole or in part, difficulties in attracting, recruiting, and retaining their public employees. The second section, in addition to a better understanding of the major trends affecting public employment across the European Union and OECD member countries and the implications for the Human Resources (HR) function, explores the measures implemented by other administrations in OECD member countries as well as the private sector to develop or adapt their human resources policies in order to better plan attractiveness efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab9ebe85-en
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    Valuing business impacts in the areas of wage inequality and employee well-being (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.15
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This working paper proposes a methodology to monetise five aspects of employee well-being (wage inequality, being employed, excess working hours, relationships with management and job security) using theoretical and empirical frameworks drawn from welfare economics. Preliminary results highlight a large loss of welfare arising from within-firm wage inequality as well as a strong impact of working conditions on workers’ well-being. On the aggregate, suppressing the negative externalities of the firm linked to excess working hours, tensions with management and job insecurity would yield an increase in social welfare equivalent to a 25% increase in household income, representing many years of economic growth. Greater transparency on company wage distributions and working conditions is necessary to apply these methodologies to real firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/740deb2f-en
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    “Who does what” for active labour market policies : A zoom on the role of subnational governments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/09
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper maps “who does what” across levels of government in OECD countries in relation to active labour market policies (ALMPs), with a focus on the role of subnational governments. It highlights recent reforms in the multi-level governance of ALMPs in a number of countries, and shows that in about two out of five OECD countries, subnational governments have some type of formal competences for delivering ALMPs. It also shows other ways subnational governments are commonly involved in such policies. This includes delivering their own labour market programmes, often targeted to those farthest from the labour market or facing multiple barriers to employment. Finally, it considers some of the benefits and drawbacks of more decentralised approaches to ALMPs and offers some general principles for managing these trade-offs across different types of governance systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8d6868d-en
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    OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria : Assessment and Recommendations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264469273 , 9789264775930 , 9789264835030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve youth skills, improve adult skills, use skills effectively in the labour market and at work, and improve the governance of the skills system in Bulgaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/c2eb2f34-en
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    Adolescent Education and Pre-Employment Interventions in Australia : Keeping Young People in Education, Employment and Training (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264854642 , 9789264360174 , 9789264894907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Jugendliche ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: About one in ten young people in Australia are neither in employment, education or training (NEET), a factor that may lower their long-term economic prospects and threaten their well-being. Individuals who did not graduate from upper secondary education, who have health limitations, or who are Indigenous are over-represented in this group. Preventative policies and interventions targeted at adolescents in their early- to mid-teens can reduce the share of young people out of employment, education and training. This report explores what is known about the potential preventative impact of educational and pre-employment interventions on later NEET status and presents a range of policies and initiatives from across the OECD that can reduce the NEET probability among key at-risk populations. The report covers interventions to prevent early school leaving and to promote student engagement and motivation; to strengthen career education, career guidance and employer engagement; and to improve the perception of the vocational education and training (VET) system and the learning of VET students. The report also provides recommendations on improving the monitoring and evaluation of youth policies in general and policies to keep young people in employment, education and training in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/7bf19171-en
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    Living wages in practice (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.8
    Keywords: Mindestlohn ; Niedriglohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. This Policy Insights introduces and contextualises the concept of a living wage. It also highlights the key measurement assumptions and criteria that underlie the calculations of a living wage and calls for greater clarity and consistency in existing methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/699b3f9b-en
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  • 57
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    Doing green things: skills, reallocation, and the green transition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1763
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: The need to rapidly decarbonise economies raises questions about whether countries’ workforces possess the requisite skills to achieve the net zero transition as well as the capacity to redeploy workers from “brown” to “green” jobs. This paper applies a task-based framework to granular data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and country-specific employment sources to generate new indicators of the green skills structure of labour markets for a large number of OECD countries and non-OECD EU countries. Significant cross-country differences emerge in the underlying supply of green skill and the potential of economies to reallocate brown job workers to green jobs within their broad occupation categories. In a majority of detailed brown occupations, workers have in principle the necessary skills to transition to green jobs, with the exception of those in production occupations, who may require more extensive re-skilling. In contrast, workers from most highly automatable occupations are generally not found to have the sufficient skills to transition to green jobs, suggesting more limited scope for the net-zero transition to reinstate labour displaced by automation.
    DOI: 10.1787/286a5007-en
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    Applying a Human Rights and Gender Equality Lens to the OECD Evaluation Criteria (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Menschenrechte ; Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: This publication responds to the need for practical guidance for evaluators, evaluation managers, and programme staff to incorporate a human rights and gender equality lens into the six OECD evaluation criteria: relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability. It aims to support evaluators and evaluation managers in the design, management and delivery of credible and useful evaluations that assess whether and how interventions contribute to realising human rights and gender equality – both, interventions with explicit human rights related objectives and those without. It also provides broader guidance to programme staff in applying the six criteria with a human rights and gender equality lens at the outset of an intervention and addresses the main considerations and challenges in doing so.
    DOI: 10.1787/9aaf2f98-en
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  • 59
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    Disability, Work and Inclusion in Korea : Towards Equitable and Adequate Social Protection for Sick Workers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474857 , 9789264849112 , 9789264719798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Lohnfortzahlung ; Behindertenpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Many people with health problems or disabilities leave the labour market permanently even if they still can and want to work. This can lead to low income and reduced social engagement. Governments and employers can help create an environment that supports job retention and a return to work in such situations. This report looks at one critical policy lever: the role of paid sick leave and sickness benefits in protecting workers’ health, jobs and incomes. Korea is among the very few OECD countries without statutory social protection for sick workers and is currently considering closing this gap in its welfare system. This report provides an overview of key features of sickness insurance systems in OECD countries and draws policy lessons for Korea to introduce equitable and adequate social protection for sick workers with a robust return-to-work component and financially sustainable payments that encourage employer involvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf947f82-en
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    Global Perspectives on Triangular Co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264419957 , 9789264741379 , 9789264650299
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Islamic Development Bank ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Islamische Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: The world is marked by multiple crises and challenges that transcend borders and require not only local but global solutions. Only by working together and bridging divides and differences can countries address these challenges and drive a sustainable development future for all. This report by the OECD and the Islamic Development Bank demonstrates triangular co-operation's relevance for delivering progress on sustainable development. In particular, it stresses its innovative approach to diplomacy, and its ability to bring together different stakeholders from across the global south and north in trusting partnerships that leverage the expertise, knowledge and resources of all partners. The report also examines the current global trends in the use of triangular co-operation, explores how to strengthen national ecosystems to support its effective delivery, and highlights how triangular co-operation can contribute to addressing climate change and biodiversity loss, with a specific focus on small island developing states.
    DOI: 10.1787/29e2cbc0-en
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    Civisme fiscal : Qu'est-ce qui motive les particuliers et les entreprises à payer des impôts ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264627376 , 9789264507371 , 9789264452107
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Morale: What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax?
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Découvrir ce qui motive le civisme fiscal - la volonté intrinsèque de payer l'impôt - peut grandement aider les gouvernements à concevoir des politiques fiscales et à les administrer, en particulier dans les pays en développement où les taux de conformité sont faibles. Ce rapport s'appuie sur des recherches antérieures de l'OCDE pour identifier certains des principaux moteurs socio-économiques et institutionnels du civisme fiscal dans les pays en développement, et cherche à vérifier les preuves du contrat social en examinant l'impact des services publics sur le civisme fiscal. Il utilise également de nouvelles données sur la certitude fiscale comme point d'entrée pour explorer le civisme fiscal des entreprises, où la recherche existante est très limitée. Enfin, le rapport identifie une série de facteurs liés au système fiscal susceptibles d'affecter la prise de décision des entreprises, la manière dont ils varient d'une région à l'autre, et suggère quelques domaines de recherche future. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit une série de suggestions pour la poursuite des travaux et la manière dont les considérations relatives au civisme fiscal peuvent être intégrées dans des stratégies holistiques de conformité fiscale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ce7612d-fr
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    Formes urbaines et changement climatique en Afrique (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.40
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe City shapes and climate change in Africa
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: L'Afrique connaît une transition urbaine et climatique sans précédent. Si certaines conditions sont réunies, une plus grande compacité urbaine pourrait contribuer à améliorer la qualité de vie, la résilience, et la durabilité au cours des prochaines décennies. S'appuyant sur des outils novateurs et de nouvelles données, cette analyse remédie à certaines lacunes en présentant des mesures de la compacité et d'autres variables des formes urbaines pour près de 5 625 agglomérations urbaines du continent. Même si l'urbanisation reste souvent un phénomène non planifié et non coordonné, une tendance prometteuse se dessine : les mégalopoles (plus de 4 millions d'habitants) sont en moyenne plus compactes que les grandes villes (1 million à 4 millions d'habitants) et celles de taille intermédiaire (50 000 à 1 million d'habitants) . Les agglomérations moins compactes présentent des bâtiments plus petits, une forme urbaine plate et basse, un centre moins dense (reflétant une utilisation peu optimale de l'espace) et une structure polycentrique (plusieurs centres, par opposition à une ville monocentrique). Cette note analyse les conséquences d'une moindre compacité urbaine en termes de durabilité et de qualité de vie, soulignant des besoins d'énergie plus élevés, une moindre accessibilité aux services et opportunités, des espaces urbains où il est moins facile de se déplacer à pied et où la dépendance à l'automobile est plus forte, ainsi qu'une plus grande pollution de l'air extérieur. Elle examine également les compromis potentiels en termes de résilience; une plus grande compacité peut résulter en la perte d'espaces verts et donc en plus grandes effets d'îlot de chaleur urbain. Elle identifie enfin les options susceptibles d'améliorer, dans les années à venir, la résilience incluant le suivi-évaluation des progrès.
    DOI: 10.1787/505381c7-fr
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    The taxation of labour vs. capital income : A focus on high earners (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.65
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This working paper presents novel analysis comparing in a consistent way the tax treatment of labour and capital income across OECD countries, through stylised effective tax rates (ETRs). It shows that dividend income and capital gains are generally subject to lower ETRs than wage income at the personal level. In many countries, capital income is also tax-favoured even when considering taxes paid by both firms and individuals, although the gap between labour and capital income taxation tends to be smaller than when considering only personal-level taxes. The gap between ETRs on labour and capital income varies between countries and grows with income levels in some. The paper highlights that differential tax treatment of labour and capital income can affect the efficiency and equity of tax systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/04f8d936-en
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    Unemployment benefit reforms to support employment and inclusiveness in the United States : Impacts of the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) extensions on jobseeker households in selected US states and examines how these extensions compare to the pre-pandemic policies. The analysis finds that PUA extensions increase benefit duration for all jobseekers, but due to interactions between other government benefits, this translates to significant increases in benefit generosity only for jobseekers without children. This has an impact on the financial incentives to take up employment, although incentives are still above the OECD average. PUA extensions have little impact for people who have been unemployed for a very long time, and jobseekers with no recent contribution history. PUA extensions also have minimal impact on jobless families with children who continue to receive less support compared to other OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2f9156d-en
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  • 65
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    Igualdad de género en Colombia : Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264837454 , 9789264774612 , 9789264485853
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Equality in Colombia: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Colombia
    Abstract: El informe de la OCDE Igualdad de género en Colombia: Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado es el tercer informe de una colección de informes que tiene como foco los países de América Latina y el Caribe, y forma parte de la serie Igualdad de género en el trabajo. El informe compara las brechas de género en los resultados laborales y educativos en Colombia con otros países OCDE y de la región. El informe presta particular atención a la distribución desigual del trabajo no remunerado y la carga adicional que esto implica para las mujeres Así mismo, investiga cómo las políticas y programas en Colombia pueden hacer que esta distribución sea más equitativa. La primera parte del informe examina la evidencia sobre las brechas de género y sus causas, incluyendo el papel que juegan los estereotipos de género. La segunda parte desarrolla un marco global para abordar estos retos, presentando una amplia gama de opciones para reducir la carga de trabajo no remunerado que recae sobre las mujeres y aumentar los ingresos laborales de las mujeres. Estudios anteriores de la misma colección han analizado las políticas de igualdad de género en Chile (2021) y Perú (2022).
    DOI: 10.1787/82e9b4e2-es
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Latin America : Insights from Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264392083 , 9789264433953 , 9789264946637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Berufe ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Qualifikation ; Fachkräfte ; Lateinamerika ; Kolumbien ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, the importance of cyber security has grown significantly for individuals, companies, and nations. The rising number of cyber attacks surpasses the existing defense capabilities, partly due to a shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the analysis of the demand for cyber security experts in Latin America, using information from online job postings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. The analysis investigates recent trends in job demand for various cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the evolving skill requirements in this field. Additionally, the report focuses on the supply side by examining the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in Colombia. It explores the different types of programmes offered in vocational and higher education, the characteristics of learners enrolled in these programmes, and their outcomes. Lastly, the report examines policies and initiatives implemented in Colombia to enhance the accessibility and relevance of cyber security education and training programmes. This report is part of a broader initiative that examines the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9400ab5c-en
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    Policy Guidance on Mitigating the Risks of Illicit Financial Flows in Oil Commodity Trading : Enabling Integrity in the Energy Transition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Orientations stratégiques pour atténuer les risques de flux financiers illicites dans le négoce de produits pétroliers : Favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique
    Keywords: Energy ; Taxation ; Development ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: This Policy Guidance is a product of the Development Assistance Committee's multi-year programme of work on Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) in oil commodity trading. It proposes a set of relevant, feasible actions for providers of official development assistance (ODA) to respond to IFFs in oil commodity trading. The aim is to enhance the mobilisation of domestic resources for the benefit of populations living in oil-producing developing countries, and enable integrity in their energy transition, particularly in carbon trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ab9053e-en
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    Unleashing Talent in Brussels, Belgium (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264377479 , 9789264713352 , 9789264961371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promouvoir les talents à Bruxelles, Belgique
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; Brüssel (Region) ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Brussels-Capital Region has witnessed significant improvements in its labour market over the past decade. Local job creation has been driven by ample opportunities for highly-skilled workers whom the Brussels-Capital Region attracts from its surrounding regions, the European Union, and beyond. However, not all of the region's population has seen their labour market prospects improve equally. Many workers with lower levels of education continue to compete for a small number of vacancies, despite the increasingly tightening labour market. A future vision for the Brussels-Capital Region, therefore, needs to be built on recognising and addressing the multiple and often distinct challenges faced by its young and diverse population. In a labour market that offers high rewards for skills formation, tailoring continuous education and training offerings to different groups while removing barriers to participation in such programmes will need to take priority. Simplifying processes for accessing employment services, streamlining labour market policies, supporting the geographic mobility of less-educated jobseekers, and removing barriers to employment for its migrant population could serve as building blocks to increase labour force participation and improve the employment quality of all local talent.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a495020-en
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    Mining Regions and Cities Case of the Pilbara, Australia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264422469 , 9789264616370 , 9789264555297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Eisenerzbergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Pilbara ; Australien ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Australia
    Abstract: Located in the state of Western Australia, the Pilbara is a large region and one of the least densely populated within the OECD. The Pilbara's mining sector is a top supplier of iron ore in the world, which has fuelled the economic growth of both the state and the country. While Pilbara's industrialisation is relatively recent, dating back to the 1960s, First Nations peoples have inhabited the region for approximately 50 000 years. Despite the wealth generated by mining and extractive industries, the Pilbara faces important challenges to improve its attractiveness and well-being standards, especially for First Nations and non-mining workers. Well-being challenges also stifle growth opportunities and responsible mining investments in the region. The green transition presents the Pilbara with an opportunity to diversify its economy and improve well-being conditions of its communities, while becoming a strategic player in the global shift towards more sustainable mining. This study offers guidance on how the Pilbara can shape a more inclusive and sustainable development model that supports economic diversification and prioritises improving the living conditions of its communities, particularly First Nations.
    DOI: 10.1787/a1d2d486-en
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Five Countries : Insights from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fd44e6c-en
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    The impact of AI on the workplace: Evidence from OECD case studies of AI implementation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.289
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: How artificial intelligence (AI) will impact workplaces is a central question for the future of work, with potentially significant implications for jobs, productivity, and worker well-being. Yet, knowledge gaps remain in terms of how firms, workers, and worker representatives are adapting. This study addresses these gaps through a qualitative approach. It is based on nearly 100 case studies of the impacts of AI technologies on workplaces in the manufacturing and finance sectors of eight OECD countries. The study shows that, to date, job reorganisation appears more prevalent than job displacement, with automation prompting the reorientation of jobs towards tasks in which humans have a comparative advantage. Job quality improvements associated with AI – reductions in tedium, greater worker engagement, and improved physical safety – may be its strongest endorsement from a worker perspective. The study also highlights challenges – skill requirements and reports of increased work intensity – underscoring the need for policies to ensure that AI technologies benefit everyone.
    DOI: 10.1787/2247ce58-en
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  • 72
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    All hands on deck: Co-developing the first international survey of people living with chronic conditions : Stakeholder engagement in the design, development, and field trial implementation of the PaRIS survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The OECD's Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS) initiative aims to measure outcomes and experiences of healthcare as part of an effort to improve the value of health system investments. The PaRIS survey, a survey of people living with chronic conditions, is currently being implemented in twenty countries. The PaRIS survey has been developed together with government officials, patients, providers, and researchers. However, the extent of stakeholder involvement varies between countries. This paper reports on the stakeholder engagement in design, development and implementation of the PaRIS survey Field Trial in seventeen countries. Engagement strategies were analysed by target group (patients, providers, or other stakeholders), and engagement level (co-designing, involving, consulting, and informing). The results provide valuable lessons for the implementation of the full PaRIS survey in 2023 and illustrate how stakeholders could be more actively engaged in health services research and policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b31022e-en
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  • 73
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    Urbanisation et conflits en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264418417 , 9789264475113 , 9789264766709
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Urbanisation and Conflicts in North and West Africa
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest connaissent une urbanisation rapide. Alors que villes et zones urbaines ont toujours été le théâtre de conflits de par leur rôle politique et économique, nombre de mouvements séparatistes, insurrections et rébellions restent associés aux zones rurales. La croissance urbaine s’accompagne-t-elle d’une augmentation de la violence dans les villes ou les conflits demeurent-ils essentiellement ruraux ? Conjuguant une approche régionale et locale, ce rapport analyse et cartographie l’évolution de la répartition spatiale des conflits entre zones rurales et urbaines en Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest depuis la fin des années 1990. Une analyse plus qualitative de dix villes permet de mieux comprendre les ressorts locaux de ces violences. Alors que ces dernières augmentent en Afrique de l’Ouest, cet ouvrage offre aux décideurs publics, experts et chercheurs de solides bases d’élaboration de politiques de sécurité et développement plus territorialisées.
    DOI: 10.1787/4044c408-fr
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  • 74
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    A Decade of Development Finance for Biodiversity (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264798380 , 9789264763722 , 9789264342873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Artenschutz ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: The report provides an overview of development finance with biodiversity-related objectives from a wide range of sources: bilateral Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members, non-DAC and South-South and triangular co-operation providers, multilateral institutions, private finance mobilised by development finance, and private philanthropy. The estimates are based on OECD statistical data. The report identifies the main gaps between biodiversity-related priorities and investments, and provides detailed estimates on financial allocations to the fight against illegal wildlife trade; nature-based solutions; indigenous peoples and local communities; the mainstreaming of biodiversity; gender equality; and climate change. These elements can help DAC members and other stakeholders to step up and target their biodiversity-related investments, notably to implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6c182aa-en
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  • 75
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    Joining Forces for Gender Equality : what is Holding us Back? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264825833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agir ensemble pour l'égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ?
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors - from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment - in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers' involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion
    Description / Table of Contents: Women at work in OECD countries -- The labour market integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women -- Global goals in gender equality -- Improving policy implementation to end gender-based violence -- Foreword -- Gender gaps in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and adult learning -- Governance tools and evidence to promote inclusive decision making -- Gender equality in public leadership -- Gender balance in the nuclear sector -- Mainstreaming gender equality -- Tax systems and gender -- Gender differences in financial literacy and resilience -- Supporting equal parenting: Paid parental leave -- Addressing gender disparities in access to finance for business creation -- Gender gaps in entrepreneurship remain -- Gender differences in career expectations and feminisation of the teaching profession -- Women entrepreneurs and international trade -- Ensuring the availability, quality and affordability of childcare -- The gender wage gap and the role of firms -- Gender diversity in energy -- The gender gap in school engagement and retention -- Harnessing foreign direct investment for gender equality -- Gender mainstreaming in environmental policies -- Assessing gender equality in transport policies -- Pay transparency to close the gender wage gap -- Participation and performance of girls and boys in education -- Women and the social economy -- Executive summary -- Gender gaps in asset-backed pension arrangements -- Gender diversity on boards and in senior management -- Systems and legal frameworks to address gender-based violence -- Legal frameworks, institutional design and strategic planning for gender mainstreaming -- The potential of digitalisation for women's economic empowerment in MENA countries -- Improving gender equality in public employment -- Teleworking through a gender lens.
    DOI: 10.1787/67d48024-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 76
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    Production Transformation Policy Review : Spotlight on the Azores’ Internationalisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264510807 , 9789264805835 , 9789264701915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Entwicklung ; Azoren ; Environment ; Development ; Trade ; Portugal
    Abstract: Located in the mid-Atlantic, the archipelagos of the Azores is an autonomous region of Portugal and an European Union Outermost Region. Once central to global trade routes, the Azores are aspiring to regain a prominent international role by leveraging their unique geographical, natural and historical attributes. To that end, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight identifies priority actions in several areas, including scientific research and collaborations, the ocean economy, agro-food and renewable-energy value chains. It shows the importance for EU Outermost Regions, as well as for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), of building resilient international ties. It benefited from an extensive peer review process involving public and private stakeholders from Brazil, Iceland and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/faeecb3a-en
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  • 77
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    Exploring Norway's Fertility, Work, and Family Policy Trends (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591424 , 9789264431911 , 9789264648630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Fertilität ; Familienpolitik ; Familie-Beruf ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Like other Nordic countries Norway has been investing heavily in family policy to enable combining work and family life. Nevertheless, between 2009 and 2022 the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Norway dropped from 2 children to 1.4 children per woman. What is happening, and why? Can Norwegian parents still reconcile work and family commitments? What role do demographic trends play for the future of the Norwegian society? Should we worry? These are some of the questions that this study addresses. It illustrates various aspects of fertility trends, as well as changes in the Norwegian labour market as well as in Norway’s comprehensive system of public family support. The study also looks at social attitudes and how these might be affecting family formation and fertility trends. The final chapter projects demographic, economic, fiscal and social outcomes under different fertility trend scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/f0c7bddf-en
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  • 78
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    Benefit Reforms for Inclusive Societies in the United States : Income Security During Joblessness (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264622173 , 9789264626126 , 9789264859616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and facilitate a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. They are a crucial policy lever for adapting to the major societal, technological and environmental transitions of our time. This report on the United States is the second of a number of OECD country reviews of income support policies. Each report analyses key policy challenges, discusses recent reform initiatives, and identifies good practices from other OECD countries. The report examines the reach and generosity of unemployment insurance and other income support for working age households, with a special focus on disadvantaged labour market groups. What are key gaps in benefit receipt between wage- and salaried employees and non-standard workers (part-time workers, those on temporary contracts, and self-employed workers including own-account workers)? What factors, including race/ethnicity and gender, drive non-entitlement to unemployment compensation? The report examines these questions, considers the impact of recent extensions to the unemployment insurance programme in response to the COVID pandemic, and outlines policy directions for strengthening out-of-work support.
    DOI: 10.1787/32d8f005-en
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  • 79
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Nouvelle-Zélande 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624443 , 9789264909892 , 9789264681828
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co‑operation Peer Reviews: New Zealand 2023
    Keywords: Development ; New Zealand
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération pour le développement, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. La Nouvelle-Zélande est un partenaire apprécié dans le Pacifique, principale région bénéficiaire de son aide publique au développement (APD). Sous la responsabilité du ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Commerce, l’attachement à l’appropriation nationale et régionale, les efforts déployés pour intégrer le savoir et les valeurs autochtones, ainsi que les engagements pris pour accroître les financements climatiques témoignent de l’engagement de la Nouvelle-Zélande et de la pertinence de son action. Cet examen par les pairs recommande à la Nouvelle-Zélande de tirer le meilleur parti de l’intégration plus étroite de la politique étrangère et de la politique de développement dans le Pacifique, de renforcer les ressources humaines, de créer les conditions nécessaires à une prise de décision efficace et efficiente, d’améliorer la transparence, de favoriser une meilleure compréhension de la problématique du développement au sein de la population, de promouvoir les liens entre les investissements liés au climat et d’autres priorités, et d’établir un plan pour accroître l’APD, de manière à concrétiser ses objectifs stratégiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/7f5c91cc-fr
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  • 80
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    Renforcer l'attractivité de la fonction publique en France : Vers une approche territoriale (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening the attractiveness of the public service in France: Towards a territorial approach
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: Un nombre croissant de pays membres de l’OCDE fait face à un défi d’attractivité de leur fonction publique, et ce, alors même que la gestion des politiques publiques, de plus en plus complexe, requiert de nouvelles compétences. Ce document cherche à identifier les facteurs d’attractivité de la fonction publique dans les régions françaises et à travers les pays membres de l’Union européenne, notamment dans un contexte de grandes tendances de l’emploi public en constante évolution. Le premier chapitre vise à éclairer le diagnostic d’attractivité de la fonction publique d’État dans les territoires français, par le biais d’un focus principalement qualitatif sur quatre régions (Grand Est, Hauts-de-France, Île-de-France, Normandie) confrontées, en tout ou partie, à des difficultés pour attirer, recruter et fidéliser leurs agents publics. Le second chapitre, au-delà d’une meilleure compréhension des grandes tendances affectant l’emploi public à travers l’Union européenne et les pays membres de l’OCDE et des implications pour la fonction Ressources Humaines (RH), explore les mesures mises en œuvre par d’autres administrations des pays membres de l’OCDE ainsi que dans le secteur privé pour développer ou adapter leurs politiques de ressources humaines afin de mieux planifier les efforts d’attractivité.
    DOI: 10.1787/10b06c9e-fr
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  • 81
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    The adoption of innovation in international development organisations : Lessons for development co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.112
    Keywords: Entwicklungsorganisation ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Development ; France ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Addressing 21st century development challenges requires investments in innovation, including the use of new approaches and technologies. Currently, many development organisations prioritise investments in isolated innovation pilots that leverage a specific approach or technology rather than pursuing a strategic approach to expand the organisation’s toolbox with innovations that have proven their comparative advantage over what is currently used. This Working Paper addresses this challenge of adopting innovations. How can development organisations institutionalise a new way of working, bringing what was once novel to the core of how business is done? Analysing successful adoption efforts across five DAC agencies, the paper lays out a proposed process for the adoption of innovations. The paper features five case-studies and concludes with a set of lessons and recommendations for policy makers on innovation management generally, and adoption of innovation in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/21f63c69-en
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  • 82
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    Development co-operation and the provision of global public goods (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.111
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Öffentliche Güter ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: This paper looks at the implications for development co-operation of increased spending on global public goods and “bads”. It explores shifts in the narratives and financing priorities of development co-operation providers over recent decades and puts forward key considerations for them on their future role.
    DOI: 10.1787/aff8cba9-en
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  • 83
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    Reporting Gender Pay Gaps in OECD Countries : Guidance for Pay Transparency Implementation, Monitoring and Reform (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264658837 , 9789264801479 , 9789264989030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gender Equality at Work
    Keywords: Lohnstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Pay transparency policies are gaining momentum throughout the OECD. Over half of OECD countries require private sector firms to report their gender pay gap statistics regularly to stakeholders like employees, employee representatives, the government, and/or the public. Gender pay gap reporting, equal pay audits and other pay transparency policies help advance gender equality at the workplace, as these measures present up-to-date information on a firm’s gender pay gap, encourage employers to offer equal pay for work of equal value, and give individual workers and their representatives valuable insights to fight for pay equity. This report presents the most thorough stocktaking to date of gender pay gap reporting policies and evaluations across OECD countries, and offers guidance to countries interested in introducing, reforming and monitoring their pay transparency systems to promote equal pay for women and men.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea13aa68-en
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  • 84
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    Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264919778 , 9789264830431 , 9789264795457
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente une analyse internationale approfondie de la situation des travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée au regard des différentes dimensions de la qualité des emplois. Dans les premières phases de la pandémie de COVID-19, les applaudissements adressés aux soignants ont été l’expression manifeste de la reconnaissance de leur travail acharné et des risques auxquels leurs fonctions les exposaient. Cependant, alors que les applaudissements se faisaient plus rares après le pic de la crise, la question de l’amélioration durable des conditions de travail des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée est revenue sur le devant de la scène. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la demande de travail en provenance des entreprises de ce secteur va augmenter sensiblement. Plusieurs pays sont déjà confrontés à des pénuries à mesure que la génération du baby-boom entre dans le troisième âge. Pour aller Au-delà des applaudissements, il est nécessaire d’adopter une stratégie d’action globale pour remédier aux conditions de travail médiocres et à la reconnaissance sociale insuffisante des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée, attirer des travailleurs et éviter que les pénuries de main-d’œuvre n’atteignent des niveaux inacceptables. Une stratégie de ce type doit prendre en compte plusieurs dimensions et s’adapter aux priorités de chaque pays, par exemple mettre en place des interventions directes visant à augmenter les salaires et à relever les qualifications requises ; augmenter les financements publics et développer le rôle moteur des pouvoirs publics ; soutenir la négociation collective et le dialogue social ; renforcer la formation ; développer le recours aux nouvelles technologies ; et consolider les politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1, qui est le chapitre de présentation générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/160ef74a-fr
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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    The OECD Skills Profiling Tool: A new instrument to improve career decisions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.293
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper documents the development and piloting of the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. The OECD Skills Profiling Tool assesses three types of skills: occupation-specific skills; foundational skills (literacy, numeracy and digital skills); and a set of noncognitive skills using academically validated self-reported tests. After completion of the assessment, the OECD Skills Profiling Tool generates two sets of results: a personalised skill profile, which can be benchmarked against other users; and a list of suggested occupations that make use of those skills. In December 2021, 270 users and 38 career guidance counsellors in Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru tested the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. This paper describes the selection of assessment instruments, the methodology used to generate the results provided by the OECD Skills Profiling Tool and the outcomes of the piloting phase of the tool.
    DOI: 10.1787/598ff539-en
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    Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d615c8d-en
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    Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/fae2d1e6-en
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  • 89
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    Production Transformation Policy Review : Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264979000 , 9789264390928 , 9789264848375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Kleine Inselentwicklungsländer ; Guadeloupe ; Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Located in the Caribbean Sea, Guadeloupe is a French Overseas Department and a European Outermost Region in search of a more sustainable economic development pathway. In support of that endeavour, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight looks at the region's opportunities and challenges, identifying priority actions in several areas, including the bio- and circular economy, creative sectors and renewable energies. The Spotlight enriches our understanding of the diversity of development pathways, including those of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It is the result of an extensive peer-review process involving public and private stakeholders from Colombia, Caribbean countries and other EU outermost regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac8c5b0d-en
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  • 90
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    International Tax and Africa : OECD Report for the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La fiscalité internationale et l'Afrique : Rapport de l'OCDE à l'intention des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale du G7
    Keywords: Internationale Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Steuerpolitik ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Afrika ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: This report reflects on the OECD's co-operation with Africa on tax matters and the importance of the international tax agenda for African economies. It discusses Domestic Resource Mobilisation (DRM) efforts within African policy objectives and priorities, including the African Union's Agenda 2063, and which actions should be taken to further increase DRM in Africa. The report analyses African involvement in discussions on corporate tax and how African participation in policy-setting and technical discussions could be further improved. In particular, it shows how African voices have shaped the design of the Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy, and discusses its benefits for African countries and challenges for implementation. In addition, the report provides an overview of OECD's initiatives to support capacity building on tax in Africa, many of which are undertaken in partnership with other international and regional organisations. Finally, the report reflects on the broader tax policy agenda including VAT, tax transparency, tax and crime, digitalisation of tax administrations, and tax and informality. This report was prepared by the OECD to inform the discussions at the October 2023 Africa Roundtable in Marrakech hosted by G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f19e5ed-en
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  • 91
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    Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enhancing international partnership and co-operation in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Governance ; France ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: La cooperazione internazionale allo sviluppo sta transitando da un modello tradizionale incentrato sullo scambio unilaterale tra donatore e beneficiario a un approccio fondato sul partenariato, che sempre più spesso coinvolge anche regioni e città. Il Friuli Venezia Giulia, una piccola regione dell'Italia nord-orientale che gode di un'ampia autonomia politica, è attivo da tempo nella cooperazione internazionale e ambisce a ottenere maggiori benefici dalle sue iniziative, sia per la comunità regionale che per i partner con cui coopera a livello internazionale. Questo studio analizza la sua strategia sul partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale e propone raccomandazioni per un suo rafforzamento. Tra queste spicca l'invito a concentrare le risorse su iniziative che sfruttino le aree di specializzazione regionale per ottenere un maggiore impatto nei paesi partner e a livello locale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4195c067-it
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  • 92
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    Emerging trends in AI skill demand across 14 OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c691b9a-en
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  • 93
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    Alimentation saine, coûts et politiques alimentaires au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Healthy diets, costs and food policies in the Sahel and West Africa
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: La région du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest est confrontée à une grave crise de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle : des taux de dénutrition sévère élevés y côtoient une forte prévalence des carences nutritionnelles et de la suralimentation – le « triple fardeau de la malnutrition ». À l'origine de toutes les formes de malnutrition ainsi que de diverses maladies non transmissibles courantes, la mauvaise alimentation est responsable d'environ un décès d'adulte sur cinq dans le monde. Le coût élevé des aliments constitue un obstacle majeur à l'accès à une alimentation saine. Même avant la récente inflation des prix alimentaires mondiaux, les prix alimentaires étaient déjà 30 % à 40 % plus élevés en Afrique de l'Ouest que dans d'autres régions du monde au niveau de revenu comparable. Cette note se propose d'analyser le coût d'une alimentation saine dans 17 pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Sahel et d'identifier les groupes d'aliments qui composent ce coût. La forte variabilité des coûts et de leur composition observée entre les pays souligne la nécessité de politiques alimentaires plus ciblées et sensibles à la nutrition, mais aussi de données sur les prix alimentaires et de capacités de suivi renforcées.
    DOI: 10.1787/43a62f1d-fr
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  • 94
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    Labour and social policies for the green transition : A conceptual framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.295
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This study sets out a conceptual framework to analyse the impact of climate change and greenhouse gases mitigation efforts on the labour market, migration flows and people's health, as well as the most important policy levers that can cushion potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities from the climate transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/028ffbeb-en
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  • 95
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Costa Rica 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264387836 , 9789264585829 , 9789264486997
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Costa Rica 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: En tant que pays mégadivers, le Costa Rica est connu dans le monde entier pour avoir réussi à inverser la déforestation et à poursuivre un modèle de croissance fondé sur l'utilisation durable de ses ressources environnementales. Cependant, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre qui en découlent ont augmenté au cours de la dernière décennie. Les voitures particulières sont une source majeure et croissante d'émissions affectant le climat et la qualité de l'air. L'élimination des déchets repose encore sur les décharges et une grande partie des eaux usées n'est pas traitée. Le vaste réseau de zones protégées du Costa Rica et son programme pionnier de paiement pour les services écosystémiques ont contribué à réduire la perte de biodiversité et à accroître la capacité de séquestration du carbone par les forêts. Toutefois, davantage doit être fait pour lutter contre les pressions exercées sur la biodiversité par le développement des infrastructures et des établissements humains, le tourisme, l'agriculture et la pêche. L'ampleur des investissements nécessaires pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable exige d'améliorer l'efficacité des dépenses publiques, de mobiliser les financements privés, d'appliquer strictement les réglementations et de fournir des incitations adéquates. Il s'agit du premier Examen des performances environnementales du Costa Rica par l'OCDE. Il évalue les progrès réalisés par le pays en matière de développement durable, avec un chapitre spécial consacré à la biodiversité, et fournit 52 recommandations. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l'évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport.
    DOI: 10.1787/4de36769-fr
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  • 96
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    Estudio multidimensional de la República Dominicana : Hacia un mayor bienestar (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626812 , 9789264592452 , 9789264457225
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of the Dominican Republic: Towards Greater Well-being for All
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: La República Dominicana ha experimentado importantes avances socioeconómicos en las últimas décadas. El país ha sido una de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en términos de crecimiento económico, alcanzando el estatus de economía de ingreso medio-alto en 2011. Sin embargo, los avances en las diferentes dimensiones del bienestar han sido insuficientes. En particular, las disparidades socioeconómicas y territoriales siguen siendo importantes, y las instituciones públicas aún enfrentan desafíos relevantes. Para que la República Dominicana avance en una senda de desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, es necesario abordar tres dimensiones críticas. En primer lugar, proporcionar empleos de calidad para todos, con especial énfasis en impulsar la formalización y la transformación productiva. En segundo lugar, movilizar más financiamiento público y privado para el desarrollo, con sistemas fiscales más progresivos y eficaces, un gasto público más eficiente, y mercados de capitales más profundos. En tercer lugar, acelerar la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad, mejorar la inclusión y apoyar la creación de empleo.
    DOI: 10.1787/8044a9c9-es
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  • 97
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    Orientations stratégiques pour atténuer les risques de flux financiers illicites dans le négoce de produits pétroliers : Favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policy Guidance on Mitigating the Risks of Illicit Financial Flows in Oil Commodity Trading: Enabling Integrity in the Energy Transition
    Keywords: Energy ; Taxation ; Development ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Ces orientations stratégiques résultent du programme de travail pluriannuel du Comité d'aide au développement sur les flux financiers illicites (FFI) dans le négoce de produits pétroliers. Elles visent à proposer, au titre de l'aide publique au développement (APD), un ensemble de mesures utiles, réalistes et applicables pour lutter contre les FFI dans le négoce de produits pétroliers. L'objectif est d'accroître la mobilisation des ressources intérieures au profit des populations qui vivent dans les pays en développement producteurs de pétrole, et de favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique, en particulier pour le commerce de carbone.
    DOI: 10.1787/6be48734-fr
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  • 98
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Korea 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264568969 , 9789264373280 , 9789264405318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Südkorea ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The "Miracle on the River Han" catapulted Korea from developing country to a prosperous economy, driven in part by advancements in science, technology, and innovation. Being the second-highest R&D spender among OECD economies, Korea excels in key technologies, including semiconductors, 6G, and ICT infrastructure. Despite this remarkable progress, disparities remain between SMEs and chaebols, manufacturing and services, ICT and non-ICT industries, and urban and rural areas. Korea also grapples with societal and economic vulnerabilities, including an aging population, a significant carbon footprint, limited renewable energy use, and pronounced gender inequality. To further seize opportunities for equitable and inclusive growth, Korea must foster a shared national vision to develop science, technology, and innovation to address societal issues, enhance R&D policy implementation, promote excellent research, further internationalise, and broaden technology diffusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdcf9685-en
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  • 99
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    Minimum wages in a dual labour market : Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22% and directly concerned 7% of dependent employees. The assessment is based on an individual-level analysis that follows the outcomes of workers that were employed in the year before the reform over time. Among directly affected workers, the hike in the minimum wage increased full-time equivalent monthly earnings by on average 5.8% and reduced employment by -0.6%. The wage effects are stronger for workers on open-ended contracts, while the employment effects are stronger for workers on fixed-term contracts.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ff44848-en
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  • 100
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    City shapes and climate change in Africa (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Papers no.40
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Formes urbaines et changement climatique en Afrique
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Africa is undergoing an unprecedented urban and climate transition; yet, given the right conditions, compact urban forms can encourage greater sustainability, resilience and liveability in the coming decades. Using novel techniques and newly available data, this report fills in existing data gaps by producing measures of compactness for 5 625 urban agglomerations, along with other urban form attributes. Even though urbanisation is often unplanned and uncoordinated, a promising trend has emerged: very large cities (of over 4 million inhabitants) are more compact, discounting the population effect, on average, than larger (1 million to 4 million inhabitants) and intermediate cities (50 000 to 1 million inhabitants). Moreover, less compact agglomerations tend to have smaller buildings, flat, low skylines, less complete centres (reflecting a less optimal use of space) and polycentric patterns (i.e. multiple centres, rather than a single, monocentric city). This report analyses the consequences of less compact agglomerations for sustainability and liveability. The disadvantages include higher energy demand, less accessibility to services and opportunities, less walkable urban landscapes and greater car dependency, in addition to higher outdoor air pollution. It also considers the potential trade-offs with resilience; for example, compactness can lead to a loss of green space and an increase of urban heat island effects. The report offers opportunities in the coming years to single out potential areas of action for resilience, as well as for monitoring and evaluating progress.
    DOI: 10.1787/a944a930-en
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