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  • Online-Ressource  (17)
  • 2015-2019  (17)
  • 1960-1964
  • Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice  (17)
  • Graue Literatur  (17)
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  • Online-Ressource  (17)
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  • 2015-2019  (17)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    What investors want : perceptions and experiences of multinational corporations in developing countries (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8386
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kusek, Peter What Investors Want: Perceptions and Experiences of Multinational Corporations in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Unternehmensstatistik ; Investitionsklima ; Internationale Geschäftsbeziehungen ; Globalisierung ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper discusses the results of a survey of multinational corporations with affiliates in developing countries. The paper explores corporate perspectives and decision making across the stages of the investment cycle: attraction, entry and establishment, operations and expansion, linkages with the local economy, and, in some cases, divestment and exit. Through interviews with 754 executives, the survey finds that political stability and a business-friendly regulatory environment are the top two factors influencing multinational corporations' investment decisions in developing countries. Investors seek predictable, transparent, and efficient conduct of public agencies. The survey results also show that investors are heterogeneous, and their perceptions vary with motivation and size. Multinational corporations that are involved in efficiency-seeking investment are more selective than investors motivated by other considerations, and that relatively smaller multinational corporations are more sensitive to host country characteristics and investment climate factors than large firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8386
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Comparison of deep regional integration in the Melitz, Krugman and Armington models : the case of The Philippines in RCEP (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8587
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Balistreri, Edward J Comparison of Deep Regional Integration in the Melitz, Krugman and Armington Models: The Case of the Philippines in RCEP
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates the impacts on The Philippines of deep integration in a modern mega-preferential trade agreement, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The paper assesses how the results differ with three versions of market structure: (i) perfect competition, Armington style; (ii) monopolistic competition Krugman style; and heterogeneous firms, Melitz style. The paper develops a new numerical model of foreign direct investment with heterogeneous firms where firms produce in the host country and demand corresponds to the "proximity burden," and is the first to apply a heterogeneous-firms model of foreign direct investment to preferential trade analysis. It also develops an extension of the Krugman model that allows small countries to impact the number of varieties. Both of these model extensions, as well as market structure, are crucial to the results. The trade and foreign direct investment responses are held constant across the three market structures. Lowering trade costs is examined from: (i) the reducing non-tariff barriers in goods; (ii) lowering barriers against foreign services providers, from foreign direct investment and cross-border; and (ii) facilitating trade. The results show that in all three market structures, there are substantial gains from deep integration, but virtually no gains from preferential tariff reduction. Both Krugman and Melitz style models produce significantly larger welfare gains than the Armington structure, especially in the impacts of foreign direct investment or with wider spillover effects on non- Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership regions. The relationship between the welfare gains in the Krugman versus Melitz models is complex
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8587
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Playing to strength : growth strategy for small agrarian economies in Africa (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8543
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Yusuf, Shahid Playing to Strength; Growth Strategy for Small Agrarian Economies in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: With urban industrialization on the scale achieved by East Asian economies looking increasingly less plausible, small economies in Africa need an alternative strategic approach to long-term growth. The purpose of this paper is to identify a growth strategy with the greatest potential for small, landlocked economies in East Africa. The paper uses Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda as case studies to explore the potential for growth in agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism in these countries. The paper marshals extensive reasoning that while the manufacturing sector and exports of light labor or resource intensive manufactures could contribute a fraction of aggregate growth, it is agriculture, agribusiness, and services that will contribute the lion's share because of an unprecedented convergence of technologies. Industrialized agriculture and agri-business could enable these countries to sustain rapid growth even in the face of climate change. Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda, with some trying, can accelerate their convergence to the technological frontier to take full advantage of this promise. Undoubtedly, there are obstacles to transferring the advanced technologies wholesale to East Africa, but their eventual assimilation is a must and the removal of hurdles needs to be addressed. Extracting the maximum growth mileage will require policy action on multiple fronts
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8543
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mobility and congestion in urban India (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8546
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Akbar, Prottoy A Mobility and Congestion in Urban India
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrsstau ; Stadtverkehr ; Indexberechnung ; Indien ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses a popular web mapping and transportation service to generate information for more than 22 million counterfactual trip instances in 154 large Indian cities. It then develops a methodology to estimate robust indices of mobility for these cities. The estimation allows for an exact decomposition of overall mobility into uncongested mobility and the congestion delays caused by traffic. The paper first documents wide variation in mobility across Indian cities. It then shows that this variation is driven primarily by uncongested mobility. Finally, the paper investigates correlates of mobility and congestion. Denser and more populated cities are slower, in part because of congestion, especially close to their centers. Urban economic development is generally correlated with better uncongested mobility, worse congestion, and overall with better mobility
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8546
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Are banks engines of export? : financial structures and export dynamics (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8621
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Minetti, Raoul Are Banks Engines of Export? Financial Structures And Export Dynamics
    Schlagwort(e): Exportwirtschaft ; Finanzsystem ; Internationale Bank ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the impact of financial structures on the dynamics of the export sector using rich data from over 60 countries. The results reveal that bank-oriented financial systems boost the size of the export sector more than market-oriented financial systems. However, especially in middle- and low-income countries, this effect mostly stems from banks slowing down exporters' exit rather than promoting firms' entry into export. The reduced exit from the export sector appears to reflect domestic banks' tendency to evergreen loans to exporters ("soft budget constraint") more than banks' buffering role in difficult times. Foreign banks mitigate this effect and enhance the dynamism of the export sector
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8621
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Deep trade agreements and global value chains (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8491
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Laget, Edith Deep Trade Agreements and Global Value Chains
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Preferential trade agreements have become deeper over time, often encompassing policy areas that go beyond traditional trade policy, such as investment, competition, and intellectual property rights protection. In the literature, a prominent argument why countries sign "deep" agreements is to promote and facilitate the operation of global value chains. This paper exploits a new data set on the content of trade agreements and data on trade in value added and in parts and components, to quantify the impact of the depth of trade agreements on bilateral cross-border production linkages. The results show that adding a policy area to a trade agreement increases the domestic value added of intermediates (forward global value chain linkages) and the foreign value added of intermediates (backward global value chain linkages) by 0.48 and 0.38 percent, respectively. At the sectoral level, the positive impact of deep trade agreements is higher for higher value-added industries, suggesting that deep agreements help countries to integrate in industries with higher levels of value added. For a larger sample of countries and years, the results confirm that an additional provision in a trade agreement increases bilateral trade in parts and components by 0.3 percent. The content of trade agreements also matters for global value chain integration, but the impact varies by income group. Provisions outside the current mandate of the World Trade Organization (investment and competition policy) drive the effect of trade agreements on North-South trade in parts and components. Provisions under the current World Trade Organization mandate (tariff reduction and customs facilitation) drive the effect of trade agreements on South-South trade in parts and components
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8491
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Comparison of welfare gains in the Armington, Krugman and Melitz models : insights from a structural gravity approach (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8570
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Balistreri, Edward J Comparison of Welfare Gains in the Armington, Krugman and Melitz Models: Insights from a Structural Gravity Approach
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: How large are the estimated gains from trade from a reduction in trade costs in the heterogeneous firms Melitz (M) model compared with the Armington (A) and Krugman (K) models? Surprisingly little is known beyond the one-sector model. This paper analyzes this question using a global trade model that contains ten regions and various numbers of sectors (1-10). Following Arkolakis and others (2012), the analysis holds the local trade response constant across the model comparisons based on a structural gravity estimate. Various model features and scenarios are introduced that are important to real economies, almost none of which has been examined across the three market structures with a constant trade response. In response to global reductions in iceberg trade costs, in all the multi-sector models, the ranking of global welfare gains is Melitz 〈 Krugman 〈 Armington; and the Krugman model captures between 75 and 95 percent on the additional gains above the Armington model that are estimated by the Melitz model. However, for individual regions, there are numerous cases of reversed welfare rankings. id est, Melitz 〈 Krugman 〈 Armington. For unilateral increases in tariffs, welfare gains are typically estimated with the Armington model, but welfare losses with monopolistic competition models. The paper constructs a multi-sector Feenstra ratio for the Dixit-Stiglitz variety externality and calculates changes in the terms-of-trade. These parameters provide economically intuitive explanations of the general pattern of results and exceptions. The paper concludes that gains from the reduction of trade costs for the world are: Melitz 〉 Krugman 〉 Armington. For individual regions, however, the welfare ranking of the Armington, Krugman and Melitz market structures is model, data, parameter and scenario dependent. The results highlight the need for data and structural considerations in policy analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8570
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade liberalization and integration of domestic output markets in Brazil (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8600
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Reis, Jose Guilherme Trade Liberalization and Integration of Domestic Output Markets in Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes how different policy distortions have been impeding better integration of Brazil's external and internal product markets and discusses how these distortions have prevented domestic firms from benefiting from multiple sources of efficiency gains. The paper first focuses on the costs of barriers to global integration, followed by an overview of policy induced stringencies hampering domestic integration. Drawing from general and partial equilibrium analyses, the paper also provides evidence of potential impacts of removing some of those distortions and discusses policy options to promote better allocation of resources across the economy. The main conclusion of the paper is that Brazil could gain significantly from opening to foreign trade. Yet, for Brazil to take full advantage of the opportunities that external integration offers, domestic markets also need to function better, so it is key to ensure that the removal of external barriers to integration is coordinated with the removal of internal distortions to domestic market integration
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8600
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Anatomy of credit-less recoveries (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8465
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Corrado, Luisa Anatomy of Credit-Less Recoveries
    Schlagwort(e): 1980 - 2014 ; Kreditgeschäft ; Produktionspotenzial ; Kredit ; Betriebliche Liquidität ; Probit-Modell ; Konjunktur ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The recovery from the global crisis that erupted in 2007 shows that the decoupling between real and financial variables during the business cycle can lead to negative and long-lasting consequences for the economy. A key feature of the past global crisis in many countries is that the recovery in aggregate output has not been accompanied by a contemporary pick-up in lending flows to the private sector, rendering the recovery credit-less. This paper uses data on output and credit to study the relative roles of demand and supply drivers of credit growth during economic recoveries on a sample of advanced and emerging countries between 1980 and 2014. Using a simple endowment economy model, the paper shows that credit-less recoveries are correlated with liquidity shocks in real and financial markets and with the pace of private sector deleveraging. The empirical analysis shows that during these episodes demand-side frictions played a relatively larger role in predicting the occurrence of the episodes, reflecting weak demand for liquidity by the private sector in the aftermath of the crisis
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8465
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    India's growth story (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8599
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ahmad, Junaid Kamal India's Growth Story
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: India has attained much economic success in the past three decades. Yet an economic deceleration in recent years has generated worried commentaries about the country's growth outlook. This paper offers a long-term perspective on India's growth experience. Analyzing the past five decades of data, the paper notes that growth has slowly but steadily accelerated, become less erratic, and been well diversified across sectors and states. A more granular assessment of the period since the early 1990s finds that there were three distinct phases of growth: a period of slow acceleration from 1991 to the early 2000s; a short period of unusually rapid growth, with certain features of unsustainability, during 2004-08; and a corrective slowdown that started with the global financial crisis in 2008. The slowdown has been reflected most profoundly in investment, credit, and exports. Even as the economy has now recovered to a growth rate of 7 to 7.5 percent, durably accelerating it to a higher level will require a concerted policy momentum that succeeds in reversing the slowdown in investment, credit supply, and exports; and support from the global economy. Maintaining the hard-won macroeconomic stability, implementing a definite and durable solution to the banking sector issues, and realizing the expected growth and fiscal dividend from the Goods and Services Tax are some of the other factors that can help attain a higher growth rate
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8599
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Foreign investment across the belt and road : patterns, determinants and effects (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8607
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Chen, Maggie Xiaoyang Foreign Investment across the Belt and Road: Patterns, Determinants, and Effects
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the patterns and economic effects of foreign direct investment across the Belt and Road Initiative countries and assesses the potential role of the initiative in shaping the patterns and effects. Exploring cross-country bilateral transportation cost and foreign investment data, the analysis shows that, by reducing overall travel times and transportation costs, the proposed Belt and Road Initiative transportation network can pave the way for additional investments and increased growth in gross domestic product. But the magnitude of the effect varies significantly across source and destination countries. Aggregate foreign direct investment in Belt and Road Initiative countries is predicted to increase by around 5 percent, with regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia and Pacific seeing greater potential gains. The increase in foreign direct investment can exert a positive effect on GDP, trade, and employment growth, especially for lower-income countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8607
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The heterogeneous effects of trade policy uncertainty : how much do trade commitments boost trade? (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8567
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Osnago, Alberto The Heterogeneous Effects of Trade Policy Uncertainty: How Much Do Trade Commitments Boost Trade?
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the effects of trade policy uncertainty on the extensive and intensive margins of trade for a sample of 65 exporters at the Harmonized System six-digit level. The paper measures trade policy uncertainty as the gap between binding tariff commitments under trade agreements (multilateral and regional agreements) and applied tariffs-what is also known as tariffs' water. The results show that trade policy uncertainty is an important barrier to exports and its effects are heterogeneous. On average and at the current level of tariff commitments, the paper estimates that the elimination of water, without any change of the applied tariff, would increase the probability of exporting by 6 percent and trade volumes by 1.3 percent. The negative impact of trade policy uncertainty on export participation is higher for countries with low-quality institutions and in the presence of global value chains. For a sample of new acceding countries, the analysis finds that removing water would boost the probability of trading by 50 percent and exports by 16 percent. The paper also estimates that the current system of commitments boosts trade by between 10 and 30 percent, compared with a world where at any moment tariffs could be raised to an arbitrarily high level
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8567
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Efficiency of public spending in education, health, and infrastructure : an international benchmarking exercise (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8586
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Herrera, Santiago Efficiency of Public Spending in Education, Health, and Infrastructure: An International Benchmarking Exercise
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Governments of developing countries typically spend between 20 and 30 percent of gross domestic product. Hence, small changes in the efficiency of public spending could have a major impact on aggregate productivity growth and gross domestic product levels. Therefore, measuring efficiency and comparing input-output combinations of different decision-making units becomes a central challenge. This paper gauges efficiency as the distance between observed input-output combinations and an efficiency frontier estimated by means of the Free Disposal Hull and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. Input-inefficiency (excess input consumption to achieve a level of output) and output-inefficiency (output shortfall for a given level of inputs) are scored in a sample of 175 countries using data from 2006-16 on education, health, and infrastructure. The paper verifies empirical regularities of the cross-country variation in efficiency, showing a negative association between efficiency and spending levels and the ratio of public-to-private financing of the service provision. Other variables, such as inequality, urbanization, and aid dependency, show mixed results. The efficiency of capital spending is correlated with the quality of governance indicators, especially regulatory quality (positively) and perception of corruption (negatively). Although no causality may be inferred from this exercise, it points at different factors to understand why some countries might need more resources than others to achieve similar education, health, and infrastructure outcomes
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8586
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal incentives and firm performance : evidence from the Dominican Republic (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8382
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Amendola, Alessandra Fiscal Incentives and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Dominican Republic
    Schlagwort(e): 2006 - 2015 ; Körperschaftsteuer ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Panel ; Fixed-Effects-Modell ; Mehrebenenanalyse ; Dominikanische Republik ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper evaluates the impact of fiscal incentives on firm performance in the Dominican Republic. In recent years, the Dominican government has approved several new corporate tax benefits. While the literature on value-added tax incentives is extensive, the impact of corporate tax incentives is less well studied and is the subject of an ongoing debate. Using firm-level panel data from 2006 to 2015, this analysis uses fixed- and random-effects models to examine the relationship between corporate tax incentives and selected firm-level performance indicators. The results reveal that corporate income tax exemptions positively impact the performance of individual firms in the Dominican Republic, but uneven tax treatment across firms distorts competition in the industrial sector, with negative effects on overall economic productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8382
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Lobbying for capital tax benefits and misallocation of resources during a credit crunch (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8394
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Zaourak, Gabriel Lobbying for Capital Tax Benefits and Misallocation of Resources during a Credit Crunch
    Schlagwort(e): 2007 - 2009 ; Großunternehmen ; Interessenpolitik ; Kapitalertragsteuer ; Steuervergünstigung ; Allokation ; Kreditrationierung ; USA ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Corporations often have strong incentives to exert influence on the tax code and obtain additional tax benefits through lobbying. For the U.S. financial crisis of 2007-09, this paper shows that lobbying activity intensified, driven by large firms in sectors that depend more on external finance. Using a heterogeneous agent model with financial frictions and endogenous lobbying, the paper studies the aggregate consequences of this rise in lobbying activity. When calibrated to U.S. micro data, the model generates an increase in lobbying that matches the magnitude and the cross-sector and within-sector variation observed in the data. The analysis finds that lobbying for capital tax benefits, together with financial frictions, accounts for 80 percent of the decline in output and almost all the drop in total factor productivity observed during the crisis for the non-financial corporate sector. Relative to an economy without lobbying, this mechanism increases the dispersion in the marginal product of capital and amplifies the credit shock, leading to a one-third larger decline in output. The paper also studies the long run effects of lobbying. Restricting lobbying implies welfare gains of 0.3 percent after considering the transitional dynamics to the new steady state
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8394
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade linkages between the belt and road economies (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8423
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Boffa, Mauro Trade Linkages Between the Belt and Road Economies
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Wirtschaftsintegration ; Verkehrsweg ; China ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the production and trade linkages between a selected group of economies belonging to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). After defining a group of Belt and Road Economies, the paper uses three standard trade databases to analyze trade and production linkages among these economies. With the help of state of the art economic decompositions of input-output tables, coupled with standard international trade statistics, the analysis quantifies the amount of production sharing between the economies of the area. The main finding is that trade integration among Belt and Road Economies has largely increased: Intraregional exports went from 30.6 percent in 1995 to 43.3 percent in 2015. Since the increase in gross exports was driven mostly by intermediate goods, the study investigates the evolution of regional production networks across Belt and Road Economies
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8423
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How does participation in value chains matter to African farmers? (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8506
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dihel, Nora How Does Participation in Value Chains Matter to African Farmers?
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Trade and participation in global value chains can play a key role in economic diversification and development. This paper deepens the discussion about productivity growth and upgrading in agriculture in Africa, and the role of national, regional, and international value chains in supporting such structural change. The analysis in this report is based on quantitative and qualitative surveys undertaken in 2016 in Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia, where 3,935 farmers, 60 aggregators, and 56 buyers in the maize, cassava, and sorghum value chains were interviewed in the three countries. The descriptive results show that farmers who were on a contract saw greater structural transformation; higher output; and better access to seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, technology, and extension services compared with farmers who were not on a contract. To identify more robustly the link between value chain participation and contract farming with productivity and upgrading, the paper looks at the relationship using a variety of empirical methodologies, ranging from ordinary least squares and probit regressions to propensity score matching. Based on the empirical evidence, the hypothesis that value chain participation leads to structural transformation cannot be confirmed. The paper does find evidence that formal or informal contractual arrangements that regulate the provision of inputs to production, such as fertilizer, technology, extension services, and market information, positively affect upgrading. It remains nevertheless important to understand the impact of government policies on the emergence of value chains given that value chains support contractual arrangements
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8506
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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