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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,991)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden  (168)
  • Paris
  • Education  (2,778)
  • Finance and Investment  (1,408)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658427719
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 170 S. 2 Abb.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Wissen, Kommunikation und Gesellschaft, Schriften zur Wissenssoziologie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301.01
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sociology ; Ethnology. ; Knowledge, Sociology of. ; Education ; Communication ; Political science.
    Abstract: Der Feldzugang als krisenhafte Situation (Max Kaufmann, Sylvia Marlene Wilz) -- Qualitative Sozialforschung in der Krise (Jo Reichertz) -- (Un-)Möglichkeiten einer wechselseitigen Kontaktanbahnung von Feld und Forscher*in in Zeiten der Krise – Erfahrungen im organisationalen Feld der Kindertagesbetreuung (Sylvia Nienhaus) -- Der Feldzugang als Krise der Kommunikation (Max Kaufmann) -- Getting access and getting accounts. Feldzugangskrisen in der Erforschung digitaler Infrastrukturen (Katharina Braunsmann, Korbinian Gall) -- Alltägliche Krisen ethnografischer Feldforschung (Aaron Bielejewski, Martin Harbusch) -- Grenzüberschreitung im Feldzugang: Vertrauensvorschuss und Motivationsleistung (Ulrike Froschauer, Manfred Lueger) -- „Auf der Straße muss niemand schlafen.“ Der Feldzugang im organisationalen Feld der ordnungsrechtlichen Unterbringung (Patricia Pfeil, Marion Müller) -- Der Weg in die „Kabine“ – ein Zugang zur Abteilung „Service“ einer globalisierten Airline (Norbert Schröer) -- Verantwortungsübernahme, Grenzziehung und Sensemaking in Organisationen am Beispiel des Feldzugangs (Sylvia Marlene Wilz).
    Abstract: Dieses Buch bietet eine ausführliche und aktuelle Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage, wie der Zugang zum Forschungsfeld gelingen kann. Der Feldzugang ist eine notwendige Bedingung, um Feldforschung betreiben zu können – gelingt der Zugang zum Feld nicht, dann ist auch die geplante Forschung nicht möglich. Das Anbahnen eines Feldzugangs ist entsprechend eine besonders kritische Phase des Forschungsprozesses, die grundsätzlich die Eigenschaft hat, krisenhaft zu sein oder es zu werden. Diesen Sachverhalt stellt der Band in den Mittelpunkt und versammelt Beiträge, die das krisenhafte Potential von Feldzugängen aus drei Perspektiven diskutieren: Erstens mit Blick auf veränderte und erschwerte äußere Rahmenbedingungen qualitativer Forschung (Der Feldzugang in der Krise); zweitens aus einer wissenssoziologischen Sicht (Der Feldzugang als krisenhafter Prozess) und drittens aus der Perspektive der Forschungsfelder und -gegenstände (Der Feldzugang als Krise für den Forschungsgegenstand?). In dieser Diskussion verfolgt der Band das Ziel, Feldzugänge sowohl unter forschungspraktischen und methodologischen Gesichtspunkten zu erörtern als auch den Feldzugang als Forschungsgegenstand zu reflektieren. Der Band gibt Anregungen für alle, die ein empirisches Forschungsprojekt durchführen wollen und für die diejenigen, die ihre eigene Forschungspraxis selbstreflexiv thematisieren. Er bietet Anschlüsse an die ethnografische Literatur, Einblicke in die Arbeit der ethnografischen Feldforschung, und er bietet wichtige Impulse für die Debatte zur Zukunft der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Die Herausgeber*innen Dr. Sylvia Marlene Wilz ist Professorin für Organisationssoziologie und qualitative Methoden an der FernUniversität in Hagen. Max Kaufmann, M.A, ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Lehrgebiet Soziologie III, Organisationssoziologie und qualitative Methoden, der FernUniversität in Hagen.
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9783658430474
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 195 S. 45 Abb., 37 Abb. in Farbe.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Perspektiven der Hochschuldidaktik
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Teaching.
    Abstract: I. Definitionen.-Lehr- und Lernorte – ihre Verortung in ausgewählten pädagogischen Modellen Melanie Förg -- Virtuelle Lehr- und Lernräume: Was sie sind und was sie sollen -- Jörg Noller -- II. Dimensionen -- Lernen und Lehren im Gedankenpalast: Erkundungsgang aus rechtsdidaktischer Perspektive Felix Aiwanger -- Das Erklärvideo als Leistungsnachweis in der universitären Lehrkräftebildung Elisabeth Fuchs, Barbara Lenzgeiger -- Fremdsprachenunterricht im digitalen Lernraum: Internationalisierung zu Hause Christian Gebhard -- Das Spielelabor der Hochschule München als Lehr- und Lernraum Albert Köhler und Dominik Hanakam -- Nutzung von Le(e/h)rräumen für interdisziplinäre forschungsnahe Lehre Johannes Lang und Holger Repp -- Seminarraum, Klassenzimmer, Konzertsaal: Lehr- und Lernräume für Studierende des Lehramts Musik Julia Lutz -- III. Medien Mehr als Transportsysteme und Vermittler: Medien als Variable in hochschulischen Lehr-Lern-Arrangements Julia Lutz -- Gestaltung einer digitalen Lernumgebung mit H5P für den Arabischunterricht Julia Singer -- Von Null auf Hundert – Digitalisierung praktischer Lerneinheiten in der Klinischen Pharmazie Yvonne Marina Pudritz, Karin Bartel, Ulrich Lächelt.
    Abstract: Lehren und Lernen, verstanden als komplexe Vermittlung und Verarbeitung von Inhalten, finden immer in räumlichen Kontexten statt, die hinderlich oder förderlich sein können. Diese Räume können von ganz verschiedener Art sein und sie müssen sich keineswegs auf den Hörsaal und Seminarraum beschränken. Der Sammelband, der aus zwei Symposien des Münchner-Dozierenden-Netzwerks in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 hervorgegangen ist, möchte diese Räume erkunden, medial reflektieren und zugleich neue Räume für die Lehre eröffnen. Folgende Fragen stehen dabei im Zentrum: Welche Lehr- und Lernräume innerhalb und außerhalb der Hochschule haben sich bislang bewährt? Wo liegen ihre Grenzen, wo ihre Möglichkeiten? Wie lassen sich Lehr- und Lernräume gestalten? Welche Materialien, welche Technik und welche Medien haben sich bewährt oder bieten neue Möglichkeiten? Die Herausgebenden PD Dr. Jörg Noller lehrt Philosophie an der LMU München. Dr. Christina Beitz-Radzio ist Tierärztin und Trainerin (Sprachraum eG)und arbeitet im Studiendekanat der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der LMU München. Melanie Förg, M.A., promoviert in Philosophie an der Universität zu Kielund arbeitet an der Technischen Universität München (TUM) im Team der TUM Talent Factory. Dr. Sandra Eleonore Johst ist Philosophin, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin der FernUniversität in Hagen und selbstständige Beraterin. Dr. Daniela Kugelmann ist akademische Oberrätin am Lehrstuhl für vegetative Anatomie und Zellbiologie an der LMU München. Dr. Sabrina Sontheimer ist freiberufliche Trainerin für Hochschuldidaktik, E-Learning, wissenschaftliches Schreiben und Kommunikation. Am Schreibzentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München ist sie für die Weiterbildung der Lehrenden zuständig. Dr. Sören Westerholz ist Biologe und lehrt am Biomedizinischen Centrum der LMU München.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.89
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff are central to promoting young children’s development, learning and well-being. Novice staff, defined as staff with up to three years of experience, account for 27% of staff in TALIS Starting Strong 2018. Novice staff are generally less educated than experienced staff in terms of the level of educational attainment and education or training with a focus specifically on working with children. More novice staff than experienced staff report a strong need for additional professional development in several areas, including “classroom/playgroup/group management” and “working with parents or families”. Policy approaches to support novice staff in ECEC can include ensuring that initial education prepares novice staff for their jobs by providing relevant knowledge specifically on working with children, supporting novice staff to engage in ongoing professional development, and clarifying how novice staff can progress professionally.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.20
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Parental emotional support, alongside material and temporal support, is an important determinant of children's subjective well-being and academic success. However, not all children benefit from the same level of parental support, and there are major differences depending on families' socio-economic status and child gender. Using the PISA 2018 surveys, this paper examines differences in parental support reported by 15-year-olds both within countries according to social status and between girls and boys, and between countries. We show that differences in parental emotional support by parents' education level and child gender are substantial. Some of these differences are (largely) explained by other characteristics such as family wealth, country of origin, and school urbanicity and private/public status. Greater parental emotional support is also found to be associated with higher PISA test scores and greater subjective wellbeing, with little variation by parental education. On the whole, our findings suggest that a significant enhancement in parental support and related child outcomes, especially in countries with lower average levels of parental emotional support, can be attained through a combined effort on several fronts: by addressing monetary and material poverty within families, by facilitating parents in balancing work and taking care of their children, by promoting greater parental involvement in their children's school life, and by offering appropriate services to assist families with special needs and facing greater challenges.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.88
    Keywords: Bildungsreform ; Indonesien ; Education ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This policy perspective examines Indonesia’s Merdeka Belajar (“Emancipated Learning”) initiative, a comprehensive education reform agenda initiated in 2019. The primary objective of this reform is to enhance learning outcomes, make schooling a more joyful experience, and empower students and school communities. The new "Emancipation Curriculum" emphasises foundational competencies and 21st-century skills and adopts holistic, formative assessment methods. It streamlines content and introduces innovative teaching methods, while increasing teachers' flexibility and autonomy in schools. It also instigates a new model of teacher professional learning. This document contextualises these initiatives within the international education landscape. It offers perspectives on what could help Indonesia ensure the success of these reforms, potentially reshaping the country’s educational future and contributing to its development and prosperity.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.9
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Research evidence in education serves as a compass, directing stakeholders towards informed choices that drive educational progress, enhance teaching methodologies, address inequities and support resource optimisation. Overcoming the challenges of harnessing research evidence in education by policy makers and practitioners involves fostering a culture of research engagement. This Education Spotlight draws on an international Policy Survey conducted with Ministries of Education from 37 education systems, and other evidence from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation publication Who Really Cares About Using Education Research in Policy and Practice? Developing a Culture of Research Engagement (OECD, 2023[1]) and beyond to explore the following questions: • Which systemic conditions, such as resources, infrastructures, and leadership, matter for the development (or transformation) of an organisational and system-level culture of research engagement? How do these conditions relate to one another? • How can these conditions be developed to best support education research engagement from the system level? This Spotlight reflects on the elements at the system level that are crucial for establishing such a culture for policy makers and practitioners. It does so with the understanding that complex systems require thinking strategically and employing systems approaches to knowledge mobilisation, alongside the more commonly used linear models of disseminating evidence or relational ones focusing on partnerships and networks.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.84
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Private schools cater for around 1 in 5 students from pre-primary to the end of secondary education, a share that has not changed materially since 2015. They enjoy greater autonomy, suffer fewer shortages of all kinds and handled the COVID-19 pandemic better than public schools. Although their students achieved better results in PISA 2022 in many countries, this is mainly because they enrol more students from advantaged socio-economic backgrounds than their public counterparts. The main challenge in many countries today is to increase the social mix in public and private schools, which is why many efforts have been made in this direction over the past decade.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Unravelling the layers of teachers’ work-related stress
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: À l’heure où nombre de pays s’efforcent de renforcer l’attrait de la profession enseignante, il apparaît donc essentiel de mieux comprendre les sources de stress dans ce métier. C’est dans cette optique que ce numéro se propose d’étudier les données de l’édition 2018 de l’enquête TALIS sur les enseignants du premier cycle du secondaire afin de déterminer si les sources de stress des enseignants varient en fonction du milieu socio-économique de leurs élèves. Il examine en outre les facteurs de stress les plus susceptibles d’être associés au niveau de satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants et à leur intention de rester dans la profession.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264830257 , 9789264594883 , 9789264520448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; ECOWAS-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264336605 , 9789264914346 , 9789264376571
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: La Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) offre un marché aussi vaste que diversifié de plus de 400 millions d’habitants, richement doté en ressources naturelles, qui pourtant ne tire pas actuellement pleinement avantage de son potentiel en tant que destination de l’investissement international. Les afflux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) dans la région ont diminué avec le temps, et n’ont pas toujours tenu leurs promesses en termes de promotion du développement durable. Le présent rapport pose un diagnostic de départ pour pouvoir amorcer une exploration des moyens de redynamiser l’effort de réforme des conditions d’investissement dans les pays de la CEDEAO, tout en améliorant les résultats produits par l’investissement sur le plan du développement durable. Il recense également les domaines dans lesquels le renforcement de la collaboration entre la CEDEAO et l’OCDE pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions d’investissement dans l’ensemble de la région. À partir du Cadre d’action de l’OCDE pour l’investissement et de la Boîte à outils des politiques relatives aux qualités de l’IDE, le rapport couvre le cadre réglementaire national qui sous-tend la législation nationale sur l’investissement et l’articulation entre ce cadre et les initiatives engagées au niveau régional, la promotion et la facilitation de l’investissement, les incitations à l’investissement, l’investissement pour une croissance verte, et enfin la conduite responsable des entreprises.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Keywords: Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264740976 , 9789264649675 , 9789264589469
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Los Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de la República Dominicana presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia en los últimos años y evalúa la eficacia de su actual legislación y política de competencia. El examen proporciona recomendaciones para ayudar a la República Dominicana a fortalecer su régimen de competencia y sus instituciones, desarrolladas y discutidas en el examen inter-pares llevado a cabo durante el Foro de Competencia de América Latina y el Caribe OCDE-BID 2023.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658311483 , 3658311487
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 189 Seiten) , 11 Abb., 1 Abb. in Farbe.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Methodenintegrative Sozialforschung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hagenauer, Gerda Grundlagen und Anwendung von Mixed Methods in der empirischen Bildungsforschung
    DDC: 301.01
    Keywords: Sociology Methodology ; Education Research ; Education ; Educational sociology ; Psychology Methodology ; Political science ; Sociological Methods ; Research Methods in Education ; Education Science ; Sociology of Education ; Psychological Methods ; Methodology of Political Science
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9783658413828
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 294 S. 7 Abb.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education—Research. ; Sex. ; Social service. ; Education ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Einleitung -- Perspektiven auf das Forschungsfeld -- Methodische und methodologische Grundlage -- Die Situation von jungen queeren Menschen im beruflichen Ausbildungssystem – Darstellung der Ergebnisse -- Anerkennungsarrangements – Diskussion der Ergebnisse -- Resümee, Limitation und Implikation.
    Abstract: Die Situation von queeren Menschen in Deutschland ist bereits in verschiedenen Studien erforscht worden. Diese belegen, dass Menschen mit nicht-heterosexuellen Orientierungen und/oder nicht cisgeschlechtlichen Zugehörigkeiten unterschiedliche Erfahrungen machen, die von Anerkennung bis hin zu Ausgrenzungen, Benachteiligungen und unterschiedlichen Gewaltformen reichen. Dieses Buch greift diese Ausgangslage auf und spezifiziert eine Perspektive auf junge queere Menschen, die nicht nur aufgrund ihres Queerseins, sondern auch aufgrund verzögerter Bildungszugänge und -abschlüsse sowie prekären Beschäftigungsaussichten eine marginalisierte Position innerhalb einer normativ geprägten Gesellschaft einnehmen. Zentral hierbei ist eine subjektorientierte Perspektive auf die Lebenssituation von jungen queeren Menschen im Schulberufssystem und Übergangssystem. Hierbei werden Diskriminierungsverhältnisse hinsichtlich geschlechtlicher und sexueller Vielfalt sowie klassenbezogener Benachteiligung analysiert und diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden zentrale Diskurse zu Queerness und sozialer (Un)Gerechtigkeit sowie damit verbundene Anerkennungsordnungen in den Blick genommen. Die Autorin Dr. Jasmin Brück ist freiberufliche Sozialwissenschaftlerin und Dozentin. .
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658355999
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 151 S. 16 Abb)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Familienforschung
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 305.2
    Keywords: Sociology ; Social groups ; Education ; Children ; Teaching ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9783658403690
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 260 S. 13 Abb., 9 Abb. in Farbe)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Bildung und Sport, Schriftenreihe des Centrums für Bildungsforschung im Sport (CeBiS) 25
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 304.8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Physical education and training ; Sports sciences ; Social justice ; Education ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264639676 , 9789264920378 , 9789264765153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Lesen ; Mathematik ; Bildungsniveau ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are ushering in a large and rapid technological transformation. Understanding how AI capabilities relate to human skills and how they develop over time is crucial for understanding this process. In 2016, the OECD assessed AI capabilities with the OECD’s Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). The present report follows up the earlier study, collecting expert judgements in 2021 on whether computers can solve the PIAAC literacy and numeracy tests. It is part of a comprehensive ongoing project on assessing AI. This study shows that AI could potentially outperform large shares of the population on PIAAC – 90% of adults in literacy and 57-88% of adults in numeracy. AI’s literacy capabilities had improved considerably since the 2016 assessment. According to experts, AI will solve the entire literacy and numeracy tests by 2026. These findings have important implications for employment and education. Large shares of the workforce use literacy and numeracy skills daily at work with a proficiency comparable or below that of computers. AI could affect the literacy- and numeracy-related tasks of these workers. In this context, education systems should strengthen the foundation skills of students and workers and teach them to work together with AI.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.154
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Innovative providers’ payment models represent an important policy lever that could be used to promote value-based health systems. By bundling services across the continuum of care or to target acute events or chronic conditions, innovative payment models set financial incentives for providers to increase efficiency in service delivery, improve health outcomes and enhance patient experience with care. This paper offers insights on value-based payment models, a type of innovative payment model implemented in several OECD countries and reviews the publicly available evidence on the impact of those payment models on value. Innovative payment models tend to be exceptional and small-scale compared to activity-based payment models and have been extensively piloted in the United States while implementation and evaluation in other countries is limited. The publicly available empirical evidence points to modest efficiency and quality gains from value-based payment models. Impact on healthcare spending, outcomes and patient experience varies across programmes. Given the significant variation in the key features of value-based payment models and the context-specific issues they address, those models do not offer a one-size-fits-all solution. This paper outlines several intervention points that policy makers need to consider when designing and implementing value-based payment models to maximise their positive outcome.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.66
    Keywords: Bildungsabschluss ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Micro-credentials are increasingly prominent in discussions around education, training and labour market policy. Policymakers, educators and trainers across the world envision micro-credentials to be an innovation with a multitude of potential uses and benefits – a sort of all-purpose solution for the problems confronting education, training and labour market systems – and some have begun to integrate them into existing practice and policy frameworks. However, evidence on the value and impact of micro-credentials remains scarce, limiting commitment on the part of stakeholders. This paper examines what is known about both the potential and limitations of micro-credentials with respect to enhancing learners’ labour market participation and outcomes, widening pathways from upper secondary to higher education, improving completion of higher education, and promoting social inclusion among disadvantaged learners.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.67
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Bildungswesen ; Australien ; Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This country policy profile on education in Australia is part of the Education Policy Outlook series. Building on the first policy profile for Australia (2013), it offers a concise analysis of where the education system stands today and how this compares to other systems. The profile analyses the evolution of ongoing and emerging related policy efforts in Australia, including education responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also offers relevant international policy examples that may serve as possible inspiration as policy makers work to address Australia's key challenges and priorities. The report brings together over a decade's worth of policy analysis by the Education Policy Outlook, as well as recent OECD data, relevant thematic and country-specific work, and other international and national evidence. It also benefits from the Education Policy Outlook's ongoing comparative analysis of resilience and responsiveness in education policy.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.286
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The digital transition in educational testing has introduced many new opportunities for technology to enhance large-scale assessments. These include the potential to collect and use log data on test-taker response processes routinely, and on a large scale. Process data has long been recognised as a valuable source of validation evidence in assessments. However, it is now being used for multiple purposes across the assessment cycle. Process data is being deliberately captured and used in large-scale, standardized assessments – moving from viewing it as a "by-product" of digital assessment, to its use "by design" to extend understanding of test-taker performance and engagement. While these techniques offer significant benefits, they also require appropriate validation practices to ensure that their use supports reliable inferences and do not introduce unintended negative consequences.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.23
    Keywords: Impact Investment ; Umweltmanagement ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the efforts made by the governments of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to attract sustainable investment and how they can further promote investment benefits for social and environmental objectives. It uses the OECD’s flagship tools on investment and responsible business conduct, and builds on the OECD’s strong collaboration on investment with ASEAN. Aiming to help ASEAN Member States in their efforts to implement the sustainable investment component of the ASEAN Comprehensive Recovery Framework, this paper provides indicators to measure the sustainability impacts of foreign direct investment, benchmarks investment policy reforms and investment promotion priorities, and suggests ways to enable responsible business conduct and policy initiatives to foster green investment.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.82
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How are public primary schools funded?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La manière dont les gouvernements décident du niveau de financement des établissements d’enseignement primaire publics varie considérablement, même si elle fait en général appel à une combinaison de critères réglementés et de critères discrétionnaires. Des restrictions sont en outre généralement imposées sur les modalités d’utilisation des fonds alloués, qui doivent ainsi être affectés à des catégories de dépenses spécifiques. Cette pratique n’est toutefois pas universelle et les établissements de certains pays de l’OCDE disposent d’une autonomie considérable pour l’affectation de leurs ressources, même s’ils n’ont en revanche que peu d’influence sur le montant initial des fonds qui leur sont attribués.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.25
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper explores potential influences on the ability and willingness to save for retirement, in order to uncover how asset-backed pension systems could be more inclusive of diverse populations. This paper illustrates the type of analysis that countries could conduct to better understand what factors may explain lower participation from certain individuals beyond labour market drivers, by looking at the views, attitudes and expectations of individuals across socio-economic characteristics on a sample of adults from the United Kingdom.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264983656 , 9789264682351 , 9789264623255
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung ; Lohnstruktur ; Gleichberechtigung ; Österreich ; Finance and Investment ; Austria
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Austria provides the knowledge and financial resources needed to stimulate the economy and sustainable development. In addition, the activities and employment practices of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises influence the creation and quality of jobs, including for women. This report asseses gender equality and women's empowerment in the Austrian labour market. It then examines the impact of FDI on several dimensions of gender equality, including employment, wages, skills development, career progression and entrepreneurship. It also briefly explores areas for policy consideration.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264947542 , 9789264615601 , 9789264852402
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Sterblichkeit ; Altersvorsorge ; Rentenpolitik ; Rentenfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report analyses the development of mortality assumptions to build mortality tables to better protect retirement income provision. Mortality assumptions are necessary to ensure the sustainability of lifetime incomes. It explores considerations and traditional approaches for developing mortality tables, as well as provides an international overview of longevity trends and drivers over the last several decades, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report also details the standard mortality tables developed across OECD member countries and offers guidelines to assist regulators and supervisors in assessing whether the mortality assumptions and tables used in the context of retirement income provision are appropriate.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264619999 , 9789264480933 , 9789264404526
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Bildungschancen ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Governments and education policy makers are increasingly concerned with equity and inclusion in education due to several major global trends such as demographic shifts, migration and refugee crises, rising inequalities, and climate change. These developments have contributed to increasing diversity within national populations and flagged some concerns around the ability of education systems to be equitable and inclusive of all students. This report by the Strength through Diversity project examines how education systems can respond to increasing diversity and foster greater equity and inclusion in education. Based on a holistic framework for studying diversity, equity and inclusion in education, the report examines five key policy areas (i.e., governance; resourcing; capacity building; school-level interventions, and monitoring and evaluation), provides examples of policies and practices, and offers policy advice on promoting more equitable and inclusive education systems.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264576896 , 9789264666740 , 9789264981454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Hochschule ; Kroatien ; Education ; Croatia
    Abstract: The Croatian government views digitalisation as a way to improve access to higher education and increase its attractiveness. To this end, it is investing in modernising digital infrastructure and building capacity to effectively integrate digital technologies into the higher education sector. This report provides an account of the activities and findings of a project on assessing and improving digital maturity in Croatian higher education institutions, which was carried out by the OECD and funded by the European Union. The objective of the project was to provide support and advice to Croatian authorities as they develop their policy approach to higher education digitalisation. This report details the activities and outcomes of the project. It reviews international best practices related to enhancing the quality of digital higher education. It also provides technical guidance to public authorities on prioritising investments in various forms of digital infrastructure. Finally, it offers guidance to Croatian higher education institutions to support their strategic development process and their investment strategies with regard to digitalisation.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Proposal for an action plan to reduce early school leaving in Spain
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: El abandono escolar temprano (AET) puede dar lugar a crecientes desafíos individuales y ocasionar elevados costes económicos para los sistemas educativos y las sociedades en general. España ha logrado avances significativos en la reducción del AET en los últimos años; en 2022, la tasa de AET era de 13,9%, casi la mitad de lo observado hace una década. Sin embargo, la tasa media de España sigue siendo de las más elevadas de los países miembros de la OCDE y de la Unión Europea, con notables disparidades regionales. Basándose en la evidencia de la investigación y en las buenas prácticas nacionales e internacionales, y gracias a la contribución de los actores clave del sistema educativo, este informe identifica las fortalezas y los principales desafíos para abordar el AET en España. Determina así cinco áreas de acción y propone una serie de recomendaciones con un enfoque coordinado para reducir el AET en todas las comunidades autónomas y en las ciudades autónomas de Ceuta y Melilla.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Co-constructing a long-term sustainable vision on the future of teaching is a policy priority for many countries as society rapidly changes. There is a need to create space in the teacher debate to look forward for inspiration and to learn from contemporary change in other professions, such as the concept of “connective professionalism”. There is also a paradox to navigate. On the one hand, the idea of change can be daunting. This leads to people seeking comfort in the known. On the other hand, the status quo is unlikely to provide the solutions required for a prosperous and sustainable future for the teaching profession. In this paper, we introduce an Ambition loops tool to create preferred future scenarios that can support the work of teachers, add to the prosperity for students and communities, and support transformation of education to meet contemporary challenges while focusing on current needs. The framework has an iterative design and outlines ambitions relevant to all stakeholders in the school-community, education community and broader societal sectors. The current framework statements have been distilled from a review of the research as well as engagement with experts and practitioners.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264766358 , 9789264968202 , 9789264782792
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Equity and Inclusion in Education: Finding Strength through Diversity
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les gouvernements et les décideurs en matière d'éducation sont de plus en plus préoccupés par l'équité et l'inclusion dans l'éducation en raison de plusieurs tendances mondiales majeures telles que les changements démographiques, les crises de migration et de réfugiés, l'augmentation des inégalités et le changement climatique. Ces évolutions ont contribué à accroître la diversité au sein des populations nationales et ont suscité des inquiétudes quant à la capacité des systèmes éducatifs à être équitables et inclusifs pour tous les élèves. Ce rapport du projet "La diversité fait la force" examine comment les systèmes éducatifs peuvent répondre à l'augmentation de la diversité et favoriser une plus grande équité et inclusion dans l'éducation. Basé sur un cadre holistique d'étude de la diversité, de l'équité et de l'inclusion dans l'éducation, le rapport examine cinq domaines politiques clés (à savoir la gouvernance, les ressources, le renforcement des capacités, les interventions au niveau des écoles, et le suivi et l'évaluation), fournit des exemples de politiques et de pratiques, et offre des conseils politiques sur la promotion de systèmes éducatifs plus équitables et plus inclusifs.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264577831 , 9789264928848 , 9789264476813
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence : Tunisie 2023
    Keywords: Tourismuswirtschaft ; Tourismuspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Wettbewerb ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the tourism sector in Tunisia, with the goal of helping Tunisian authorities mitigate harm to competition and foster long-lasting growth. This report is based on a competition assessment conducted by the OECD identifying rules and regulations that may hinder the competitive and efficient functioning of markets in the tourism activities under review. This review also includes estimates of how the implementation of certain recommendations could impact the economy. This is the second competition assessment review conducted by the OECD in Tunisia, after a 2019 review of the freight transport sector and of the wholesale and retail trade sectors.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Forum on Tax Administration
    Keywords: KMU ; Finanzverwaltung ; Kooperation ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report examines effective communication strategies that tax administrations can use to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in fulfilling their tax obligations. It analyses the various tools and channels available to tax administrations and their respective roles. The report draws on examples from the OECD Forum on Tax Administration members and includes two detailed case studies. The report was drafted by officials from the United Kingdom’s HM Revenue and Customs, with support from the OECD Forum on Tax Administration's Community of Interest on SMEs.
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report aims to showcase the value of implementing a Bayesian framework to analyse and report results from international large-scale surveys and provide guidance to users who want to analyse the data using this approach. The motivation for this report stems from the recognition that Bayesian statistical inference is fast becoming a popular methodological framework for the analysis of educational data generally, and large-scale surveys more specifically. The report argues that Bayesian statistical methods can provide a more nuanced analysis of results of policy relevance compared to standard frequentist approaches commonly found in large-scale survey reports. The data utilised for this report comes from the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). The report provides steps in implementing a Bayesian analysis and proposes a workflow that can be applied not only to TALIS but to large-scale surveys in general. The report closes with discussion of other Bayesian approaches to international large-scale survey data, in particularly for predictive modelling.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264985223 , 9789264465602 , 9789264612228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La géographie de l'enseignement supérieur au Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Innovation ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Québec is mobilised to become an innovation and entrepreneurial leader in North America, giving higher education institutions (HEIs) a central role in this drive. HEIs are pivotal in developing skills and nurturing talent, connecting and contributing to their communities, including firms, public authorities and civil society. The Stratégie québécoise de recherche et d’investissement en innovation (SQRI) has placed HEIs at the fore front of the provincial innovation and entrepreneurship efforts, including with an explicit spatial approach, through the “innovation zones”. This review assesses the “geography of higher education” in Québec through the examination of ten case study HEIs. These case studies represent examples of innovative and entrepreneurial HEIs that support entrepreneurship and innovation in their communities. In particular, the case studies tell the story of the province of Québec in creating sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation, connecting actors and mobilising resources and policies. The review offers actionable policy recommendations to generate further progress in this direction.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264528369 , 9789264378506 , 9789264563384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Messung ; Education
    Abstract: Policy makers around the world recognise the importance of developing young people’s 21st century skills like problem solving, creative thinking, self-regulation and collaboration. Many countries also include these skills as part of the intended learning outcomes of their education systems. To shift intention into practice, educational assessments need to better measure what matters. Innovative assessments are needed that combine conceptual, technological and methodological advances in educational measurement. This report explores new approaches to measuring complex skills through a practical and applied assessment design lens, bringing together perspectives from leading experts to consider what we can learn from the learning sciences to define more authentic assessment experiences and expand the range of skills we are able to measure in both disciplinary and cross-disciplinary contexts of practice. The report also examines how technology can expand our possibilities for innovation, including the creation of more interactive and immersive problems and the generation of meaningful sources of potential evidence about students’ proficiency. Finally, the report explores how we can make sense of the rich data captured in interactive digital environments using new analytical approaches, and how we can ensure the valid interpretation and use of results from innovative assessments.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264956094 , 9789264644663 , 9789264930117
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (502 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio multidimensional de El Salvador : Prioridades estratégicas para un desarrollo sólido, inclusivo y sostenible
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; El Salvador ; Education ; Governance ; Development ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador has made significant development progress in the past 30 years. The end of the civil war in 1992 marked the establishment of a liberal democracy and an open export-led development model, which led to a reduction in poverty and inequality. However, with economic growth averaging a modest 2.4% in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, and productivity growth of 0.1% over the past decade, the post-war model has not generated the economic momentum or the jobs that the country needs. Decisive action is necessary to kickstart more robust, inclusive and sustainable development. Based on a multi-dimensional analysis of development in El Salvador, this report makes four priority recommendations: 1) build the conditions for a productive transformation and modernisation of the economy; 2) increase the quantity, quality and relevance of education; 3) manage water resources better to deliver water and sanitation for all in a sustainable manner; and 4) modernise the State so it can effectively deliver key public goods, from security to education to health, and successfully steer the next stage in the country’s development.
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.29
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Digitalisierung ; KMU ; Südosteuropa ; Finanzwissen ; Digitalisierung ; KMU ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report analyses the relationship between financial literacy, inclusion, and awareness, as well as the use of financial products and services, and the digitalisation of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). It presents the results of a thorough data collection and analysis exercise carried out with owners and managers of MSMEs in Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Romania in 2021 and 2022.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.36
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Artenschutz ; Finanzrisiko ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Although measurements of biodiversity-related financial risks are in their infancy, several metrics and indicators are available to assess their impacts and dependencies in the financial system, and approaches are emerging to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. This mapping paper provides a comprehensive catalogue and literature review of existing and emerging definitions, key metrics and indicators, measurement approaches, tools and practices for central banks, financial supervisors, and financial market participants to measure biodiversity-related financial risks.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.68
    Keywords: Bildungsreform ; Türkei ; Education ; Türkiye
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of educational progress in Türkiye in the last two decades and reviews education policies which were developed and implemented during the same period. It considers a selection of policies operating from the levels of learners and institutions to system-level policies that are analysed through the lenses of comparative international data and OECD analysis of policies, programmes, and interventions that aim to support better outcomes and greater equity across national education systems. Conducted as a desk-based analysis, this report draws from the knowledge base of the OECD on education policy in Türkiye, national and international sources, and responses from the Ministry of National Education to a survey conducted for this report.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264879485 , 9789264857797 , 9789264631748
    Language: Czech
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting FinTech Innovation in the Czech Republic: Regulatory Sandbox Design Considerations
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: S přibližně stovkou FinTechových společností nabízejících regulované či neregulované služby se FinTech jako odvětví v České republice teprve vytváří. Tato zpráva analyzuje české FinTechové prostředí a identifikuje potenciální překážky, které rozvoj inovací ztěžují. Zpráva obsahuje rovněž pro zemi specifická doporučení, jak nastavit regulatorní sandbox, která by mohla pomoci zmírnit překážky rozvoje finančních technologií. Sandbox by mohl zlepšit porozumění českých orgánů o dopadech inovativních nástrojů na finanční aktivity a umožnit orgánu dohledu lépe sledovat a zajištovat soulad FinTechových aktivit s pravidly. Dalším přínosem by také mohlo být zlepšení komunikace mezi podniky a orgánem dohledu prostřednictvím cíleného dialogu a pokynů.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264846586 , 9789264643949 , 9789264631625
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ринкове Дослідження Стану Конкуренції В Електроенергетичному Секторі України
    Keywords: Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Wettbewerb ; Ukraine ; Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This market study analyses Ukraine’s electricity sector from a competition perspective. It provides a detailed description and assessment of the regulatory framework within which the Ukrainian electricity markets operate, as well as an analysis of the obstacles to competition in the wholesale and retail markets. This report includes recommendations to address the underlying causes of ineffective competition that, if implemented in the recovery phase following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, can contribute to achieving a well-functioning, competitive electricity sector.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264343382 , 9789264547704 , 9789264338050
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brick by Brick (Volume 2): Better Housing Policies in the Post-COVID-19 Era
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: S'appuyant sur les conclusions de Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de nouvelles politiques du logement, ce deuxième volume se penche sur les tendances de fond qui façonnent les politiques du logement dans l'ère post-COVID-19. Le premier chapitre offre une vue d'ensemble en examinant la nécessité de surveiller l'impact de la pandémie sur l'accessibilité du logement, de répondre à la crise énergétique par l’intensification des efforts de décarbonation des logements, de maintenir la résilience du système financier face aux cycles immobiliers et de faciliter l’adaptation des marchés du logement à la montée en puissance du travail à distance et des préoccupations environnementales. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la décarbonisation du secteur du logement. Il recommande de combiner tarification du carbone, certification et réglementation de l'efficacité énergétique, et subventions pour atteindre les objectifs de zéro émission nette tout en tenant compte des spécificités du marché du logement. Le chapitre appelle également au déploiement de politiques complémentaires pour limiter les effets négatifs sur les ménages à faible revenu. Le troisième chapitre examine le financement du logement, en mettant l'accent sur la tension entre le soutien aux emprunts hypothécaires et la promotion de la résilience financière. Il aborde également l'essor du financement non bancaire de l'immobilier et le soutien que les marchés du crédit hypothécaire peuvent apporter à la décarbonisation du logement. Le quatrième chapitre, qui explore la manière dont le nouvel équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée, rendu possible par l'essor du travail à distance, remodèle la demande de logements, propose un ensemble d’ajustements des politiques urbaines pour répondre à ce changement. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit un large éventail d’options de réforme pour améliorer les politiques de logement dans le monde post-pandémique.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264357334 , 9789264851894 , 9789264651142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: Addressing barriers to private-sector development has been a long-standing ambition of the government of Uzbekistan, with an extensive programme of reforms that began in 2017 redoubling efforts to foster the growth of a more competitive and productive population of private-sector firms. Uzbekistan needs a more dynamic and innovative private sector if it is to meet the challenges and seize the opportunities of the green and digital transitions, which create a new impetus for accelerating these reforms. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Uzbekistan, this report provides new insights into their perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264343344 , 9789264841857 , 9789264865280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Jugendliche ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Lateinamerika ; Education
    Abstract: Human capital is a key determinant of success for individuals and economies alike. Literacy and numeracy are key foundations for higher-order cognitive skills, while solving problems in technology-rich environments is increasingly important, as information and communications technology (ICT) spreads into all aspects of life. Despite remarkable recent increases in enrolment and educational attainment, the countries of Latin America lag behind in skills development among both secondary school students and the wider adult population. Young adults are still struggling in the labour market, while employers report skill shortages are a barrier to business. As countries in the region seek to shift their economies into higher value-added activities to escape the “middle-income trap”, they will need to improve the skills of their working-age population across the board. This report explores the situation of youth and adults in Latin America by using data from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) from Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Uruguay. These data have been supplemented by results from the World Bank STEP survey of adults living in urban areas of Bolivia and Colombia.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264398559 , 9789264753327 , 9789264624269
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Chile ; Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Abstract: This report provides policy recommendations on how to strengthen the economic, social and environmental benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI). It provides an extensive assessment on how FDI contributes to Chile’s economic diversification into sustainable and knowledge-intensive activities (e.g. green hydrogen, information technology), and also assesses the policy and regulatory framework influencing the impact of FDI on sustainable development in Chile.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How is upper secondary education organised across OECD countries? This level of education, which most frequently serves students aged between 15 to 18, is generally the first time when learners have significant capacity to shape the content of their learning, for example by opting for general or vocational education, choosing their subjects and developing a specialisation. Across the OECD, education systems have developed different ways to be responsive to different student needs and interests while trying to ensure that learners develop coherent foundational skills. This paper captures the diversity of countries’ upper secondary systems by: 1) developing a common language that sets the foundation for internationally comparative analysis; 2) categorising how countries organise their programmes in upper secondary education to manage choice, coherence and specialisation; and 3) identifying benefits and strategies to mitigate the risks associated with different approaches to upper secondary programmes for students, education systems and society.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264731301 , 9789264774537 , 9789264702417
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Tunisia 2023
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les barrières réglementaires à la concurrence dans le secteur du tourisme en Tunisie, dans le but d'aider les autorités tunisiennes à réduire les atteintes à la concurrence et à favoriser une croissance durable. Ce rapport est basé sur une évaluation de la concurrence menée par l'OCDE identifiant les lois et réglementations susceptibles d'entraver la concurrence et l’efficacité des marchés dans les activités touristiques examinées. Cet examen comprend également des estimations de l'impact potentiel de la mise en œuvre de certaines recommandations sur l'économie. Il s'agit du deuxième examen d'évaluation de la concurrence mené par l'OCDE en Tunisie, après l'examen en 2019 des secteurs du transport de marchandises et du commerce de gros et de détail.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264962590 , 9789264451698 , 9789264378087
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz ; Indonesien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This report presents the policy recommendations resulting from the National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia, which took place between June 2022 and March 2023. Getting water resources management right, underpinned with appropriate financing mechanisms, is a prerequisite for realising Indonesia’s ambitious national economic growth agenda to become one of the top five global economies by 2045. The Dialogue, therefore, centred around two priority areas: 1) financing water infrastructure and 2) non-structural measures for flood disaster risk reduction. The report explores several instruments to enhance the financing of water services in Indonesia, such as the advantages and disadvantages of uniform water tariffs, independent economic regulation, pollution charges and demand management instruments. The report recommends the utilisation of land value capture as an additional source of financing. It also explores how water information systems for disaster response, flood forecasting and early warning can reduce flood disaster risk. The National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia is part of a regional initiative with the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Asia Water Council and the OECD.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264729100 , 9789264702035 , 9789264942424
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Joining Forces for Gender Equality: What is Holding us Back?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Des inégalités sociales et économiques persistent entre les genres dans les pays de l’OCDE. Les femmes jeunes atteignent souvent un niveau d’études supérieur à celui de leurs homologues masculins, mais restent sous-représentées dans les secteurs offrant les rémunérations les plus élevées. Les femmes consacrent plus de temps au travail non rémunéré, sont fortement pénalisées lorsqu’elles ont des enfants, se heurtent à des obstacles en matière d’entrepreneuriat, et ont globalement de moins bons résultats sur le marché du travail. Elles sont aussi sous-représentées en politique et aux postes de direction dans le secteur public. On retrouve ces caractéristiques dans de nombreux domaines d’action et secteurs économiques (du commerce international à l’aide au développement en passant par l’énergie et l’environnement) où les questions de genre sont peu prises en compte dans l’action publique. La violence à l’encontre des femmes, expression la plus abominable des inégalités entre les genres, reste un enjeu de portée mondiale. Cette publication analyse les évolutions et les mesures en faveur de l’égalité des genres, comme la prise en compte de la dimension du genre dans les politiques et les budgets, les réformes visant à accroître la participation des pères aux congés parentaux et à la garde des enfants, les initiatives en faveur de la transparence salariale pour lutter contre les inégalités de rémunération entre les genres, ou les systèmes de lutte contre les violences basées sur le genre. Elle vise à élargir la vision de l’égalité entre les genres, afin d’inclure l’investissement direct étranger, l’énergie nucléaire et les transports. Faire progresser l’égalité entre les genres n’est pas seulement un impératif moral : en cette période marquée par un vieillissement démographique rapide, des taux de fécondité en berne et des crises qui se multiplient, les actions dans ce domaine contribueront à favoriser une croissance économique et une cohésion sociale plus respectueuses de l’égalité des genres à l’avenir. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1 intitulé Mettre l’égalité des genres au cœur de toutes les politiques publiques, qui est le chapitre de synthèse.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.223
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Climate change mitigation scenarios are a key forward-looking input for a range of financial sector analyses and assessments. The inaccurate use of mitigation scenarios can, however, contribute to unintended incentives, environmental integrity concerns, and greenwashing risks. This paper aims to inform climate change mitigation scenario providers, financial sector participants and stakeholders, and climate policymakers on how they may contribute to improved use of scenarios for the purposes of target setting and alignment assessments in the financial sector. To do so, the paper analyses climate change mitigation scenarios currently used for these purposes, based on the following analytical dimensions: consistency with the Paris Agreement, practicality, and underlying assumptions.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.64
    Keywords: Taxation ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper investigates two closely related questions concerning the responses of Multi-National Enterprise (MNE) investment to corporate income taxation using a panel of unconsolidated subsidiary-level and consolidated group-level data from the ORBIS database. First, the paper provides new evidence on the heterogeneity of investment responses to taxation across multinational firms. This paper finds that profit shifting opportunities, access to credit, and market power at the group level are associated with decreased investment sensitivity to taxation among MNE subsidiaries. Second, a new empirical approach is used to investigate how tax changes at the host jurisdiction level affect investment at the MNE group level and whether there are propagation effects to foreign subsidiaries within the same MNE group. This paper finds that taxation in one jurisdiction in which an MNE is active is positively associated with investment in its subsidiaries in other jurisdictions. This finding suggests that the well-document negative relationship between taxation and MNE investment within a host jurisdiction masks the MNE rebalancing the location of its investment to other host jurisdictions in response to changes in cross-jurisdictional tax rate differentials rather than purely decreasing its investment globally.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264348769 , 9789264782686 , 9789264738881
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: ¿Qué tiene que ver la competencia con el género? Las autoridades encargadas de proteger la competencia desempeñan un papel crucial en la configuración de mercados justos y prósperos. Sin embargo, a menudo se pasa por alto la conexión entre competencia y género. Esta Guía práctica proporciona a las autoridades de competencia los conocimientos y herramientas útiles para incorporar consideraciones de género en su trabajo. El conjunto de herramientas ofrece un enfoque basado en pruebas, que va más allá de la teoría para proporcionar recomendaciones concretas que pueden mejorar la precisión del análisis, facilitar las investigaciones sobre cárteles y optimizar los esfuerzos de promoción. A partir de la investigación sobre el género en ámbitos políticos relacionados, como la gobernanza empresarial, la lucha contra la corrupción y la economía del comportamiento, este conjunto de herramientas ofrece un marco completo para integrar las consideraciones de género. Al incorporar estas herramientas en sus operaciones cotidianas, las autoridades de competencia pueden contribuir aún más al avance de mercados justos y eficientes que beneficien a las personas de todos los géneros.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Where to find experienced teachers?
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'importance des enseignants expérimentés ne saurait être sous-estimée. Ils peuvent en effet contribuer à améliorer les résultats des élèves, mais aussi la qualité globale de l'enseignement en soutenant leurs collègues moins expérimentés. Ce numéro de la série L'Enseignement à la loupe (Teaching in Focus [TIF]) analyse leur répartition entre les établissements sous les deux angles distincts, mais complémentaires, de l'égalité et de l'équité.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.76
    Keywords: Bildungsfinanzierung ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Finnland ; Education ; Finland
    Abstract: This policy brief was prepared as part of the OECD's Resourcing Higher Education Project. This wider project aims to provide a shared knowledge base for OECD member and partner countries on policy for higher education resourcing, drawing on system-specific and comparative policy analysis. The policy brief for Finland was developed at the request of the Finnish authorities to support reflection on possible adjustments to the public funding model for Finnish higher education for the funding period (2025-28). The brief reviews the key challenges facing higher education in Finland and national policy priorities, compares Finland's model of funding higher education institutions (HEIs) with models in OECD systems sharing similar characteristics to Finland's and reviews policy options – both within and outside of the funding model – to support achievement of key policy objectives.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Tax incentives such as intellectual property regimes provide for reduced taxation of the income derived from research, development, and innovation related activities. By doing so, they lower the overall tax burden from investing in certain qualified intangible assets. This paper proposes a methodology to build indicators comparing the effect of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation on firms' incentives to make R&D intangible investments. It provides insights into how such incentives affect firms' decisions on whether, where and how much to invest in R&D intangibles. These indicators are used to illustrate the extent to which these tax incentives may create potential distortions to firms' investment, protection and commercialisation decisions. The model is further developed to account for the design changes to such tax incentives introduced by the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting minimum standard.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.299
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Digital technologies can be used to support the inclusion of diverse student groups in education in a number of ways including enhancing accessibility of educational content, increasing personalisation and providing distance learning opportunities, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, persistent digital inequalities can undermine digital equity and inclusion and equity and inclusion in education generally, particularly for the most disadvantaged students. This paper explores the themes of digital equity and inclusion, and maps some of the policies and practices adopted in OECD countries for the equitable and inclusive use of digital tools in education. It highlights the importance of inclusive design and implementation of digital technologies, as well as the need for education systems to focus on capacity building such as teacher training, as well as adequate resourcing of digital tools. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, and concludes by highlighting research and policy gaps.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264986695 , 9789264476257 , 9789264732964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Klimaschutz ; Emissionshandel ; Theorie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Carbon lock-in occurs when high-emission infrastructure or assets continue to be used, despite the possibility of substituting them with low-emission alternatives, thereby delaying or preventing the transition to near-zero or zero-emission alternatives. Transition finance, which focuses on the dynamic transformation and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, frequently faces the issue of carbon lock-in, particularly in considerations of investment feasibility and eligibility. Despite most transition finance approaches incorporating lock-in avoidance as a core principle, existing transition instruments and approaches put in place varying or limited mechanisms to prevent lock-in. Building on the OECD Guidance on Transition Finance, this report takes stock of how carbon lock-in risk is addressed in existing transition finance approaches (such as taxonomies, roadmaps, or guidance), financial instruments, and relevant public and private investment frameworks and methodologies. The report provides good practices on the integration of credible mechanisms to prevent carbon lock-in, address greenwashing risks and build confidence in the market. It can inform both public and private actors in the development of transition finance approaches, standards for green, transition and sustainability-linked debt, frameworks for corporate transition plans, or broader climate-related disclosure frameworks.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264509856
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais sobre Conduta Empresarial Responsável
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable son recomendaciones dirigidas por los gobiernos a las empresas multinacionales. Su objetivo es fomentar las contribuciones positivas que las empresas pueden hacer al progreso económico, ambiental y social, y minimizar los impactos negativos en los ámbitos cubiertos por las Líneas Directrices que puedan estar asociados a las operaciones, productos y servicios de una empresa. Las Líneas Directrices cubren todas las áreas clave de la responsabilidad empresarial, incluidos los derechos humanos, los derechos laborales, el medio ambiente, el cohecho, los intereses de los consumidores, la divulgación de información, la ciencia y la tecnología, la competencia y las cuestiones tributarias. La edición de 2023 de las Líneas Directrices proporciona recomendaciones actualizadas para la conducta empresarial responsable en áreas clave, como el cambio climático, la biodiversidad, la tecnología, la integridad empresarial y la debida diligencia en las cadenas de suministro, así como procedimientos de implementación actualizados para los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto para la Conducta Empresarial Responsable.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.75
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: The New South Wales (Australia) Government is committed to an education system that prepares learners for rewarding lives and lifelong learning. To realise this, the NSW Department of Education (DoE) has initiated several reforms in recent years, including the Local Schools Local Decisions (LSLD) reform (2011) that was replaced by the School Success Model (SSM) reform in 2020. The SSM is a school improvement reform that aimed to deliver high quality, tiered support to all NSW public schools. The SSM also strives for a balance of autonomy and accountability for student improvement across schools by formalising system targets and priorities, among others, through a tailored school support framework. Realising successful educational change however is complex. The DoE invited the OECD Implementing Education Policies project team to build on lessons from past reforms and receive feedback from the education profession and other stakeholders. Drawing from OECD's international knowledge base and expertise, this report presents an in-depth assessment and offers concrete recommendations for enhancing the design and implementation of the DoE school improvement and broader education reform agenda.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.77
    Keywords: Education ; Lithuania
    Abstract: This policy brief was prepared as part of the OECD's Resourcing Higher Education Project. This wider project aims to provide a shared knowledge base for OECD member and partner countries on policy for higher education resourcing, drawing on system-specific and comparative policy analysis. The policy brief for Lithuania was developed at the request of the Lithuanian authorities as part of their efforts to promote the development of a more diversified and efficient institutional landscape in the national higher education system, in which universities and colleges can sharpen their profiles to align better with their individual strengths and the student populations and communities they serve. The brief initially provides a concise overview of the operating environment for HEIs in Lithuania and the existing institutional landscape. It then examines the approaches adopted to institutional differentiation and missions in higher education in other OECD higher education systems, before considering the rationale for reform in Lithuania and – informed by international examples – the policy options open to Lithuania to effect reform of its higher education landscape.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions no.48
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This work delves into the liquidations mechanism inherent in Decentralised Finance (DeFi) lending protocols and the connection between liquidations and price volatility in decentralised exchanges (DEXs). The analysis employs transactional data of three of the largest DeFi lending protocols and provides evidence of a positive relation between liquidations and post-liquidations price volatility across the main DEX pools. Without directly observing the behaviour of liquidators, these findings indirectly indicate that liquidators require market liquidity to carry out large liquidations and affect market conditions while doing so.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.74
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Resource banks support learning in classrooms by improving the quality of teacher instruction and assessment. They are typically online platforms that include examples of curriculum-aligned assessment tasks and complementary instruction, assessment and learning materials. These can be used by teachers, students and parents to improve learning in schools. While resource banks have become an important curriculum and assessment tool in many OECD countries, information about them remains scarce. This policy perspective provides a framework to help educators plan, design and use resource banks. First, policymakers should have a thorough concept of the resource bank and carefully plan its governance and resourcing structure. Second, the definition and development of its content and the platform's underlying technology should be guided by quality, security and privacy principles that place users at the centre. Thirdly, once released, it is important to promote awareness of the resource bank to key stakeholders and maintain content and IT-support. This will ensure resource banks have a long-lasting and positive impact on educational practices.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264495289
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais sobre Conduta Empresarial Responsável são recomendações dirigidas pelos governos às empresas multinacionais. Elas visam promover as contribuições positivas por parte das empresas para o progresso econômico, ambiental e social, e minimizar os impactos adversos nas questões abrangidas pelas Diretrizes que possam estar associados às operações, produtos e serviços de uma empresa. As Diretrizes abrangem as principais áreas de responsabilidade empresarial, incluindo direitos humanos, direitos trabalhistas, meio ambiente, suborno, interesses do consumidor, divulgação, ciência e tecnologia, concorrência e tributação. A edição de 2023 das Diretrizes contém recomendações atualizadas para a conduta empresarial responsável em áreas-chave, como alterações climáticas, biodiversidade, tecnologia, integridade empresarial e devida diligência na cadeia de fornecimento, bem como procedimentos de implementação atualizados para os Pontos de Contato Nacionais para a Conduta Empresarial Responsável.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264377479 , 9789264713352 , 9789264961371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promouvoir les talents à Bruxelles, Belgique
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; Brüssel (Region) ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Brussels-Capital Region has witnessed significant improvements in its labour market over the past decade. Local job creation has been driven by ample opportunities for highly-skilled workers whom the Brussels-Capital Region attracts from its surrounding regions, the European Union, and beyond. However, not all of the region's population has seen their labour market prospects improve equally. Many workers with lower levels of education continue to compete for a small number of vacancies, despite the increasingly tightening labour market. A future vision for the Brussels-Capital Region, therefore, needs to be built on recognising and addressing the multiple and often distinct challenges faced by its young and diverse population. In a labour market that offers high rewards for skills formation, tailoring continuous education and training offerings to different groups while removing barriers to participation in such programmes will need to take priority. Simplifying processes for accessing employment services, streamlining labour market policies, supporting the geographic mobility of less-educated jobseekers, and removing barriers to employment for its migrant population could serve as building blocks to increase labour force participation and improve the employment quality of all local talent.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264959125 , 9789264577633 , 9789264470286
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (151 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Standortwettbewerb ; Standortfaktor ; Globalisierung ; Welt ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ireland ; Italy ; Portugal ; Spain ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Rethinking Regional Attractiveness in the New Global Environment report highlights lessons learned from multiple regional case studies from five EU countries (Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden), additional work with Latin American and Caribbean regions, and a series of webinars and one-on-one dialogues on rethinking regional attractiveness. The OECD's innovative multidimensional approach to assessing regional attractiveness considers global engagement beyond international connections and economic factors alone. The methodology considers more than 50 indicators to develop regional attractiveness profiles covering six domains of attractiveness: economic attraction, connectedness, visitor appeal, natural environment, resident well-being, and land-use and housing. The report helps regional and national policy makers to understand how individual regions fare in a new global environment that continues to deal with the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, compounded by the consequences of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine and existing megatrends – all of which produce asymmetric impacts within and between countries and regions – and identify the policy levers available to enhance their attractiveness to the international target groups of investors, talent, and visitors. It also considers the need to co-ordinate across levels of government, across policy fields, and with private stakeholders, and highlights good practices to implement regional attractiveness policies.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264513082 , 9789264797123 , 9789264997943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwaldung ; Lieferkette ; Landwirtschaft ; Due Diligence ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This handbook was developed by OECD and FAO to help companies embed considerations on deforestation and forest degradation into their corporate due diligence procedures. It is informed by FAO's extensive work and experience on halting deforestation and forest degradation and promoting responsible governance of tenure. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and the associated due diligence framework set out in the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct. This handbook demonstrates how the OECD-FAO Guidance can be applied to address deforestation by contextualising existing recommendations and directing users towards helpful sources of due diligence information.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.65
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many OECD countries have implemented programmes and policies specifically targeting the development of civic skills and values in schools. Some of the most successful practices steer away from knowledge-transfer-based learning, and towards experiential learning practices which empower children by placing them in the centre of the learning process. The benefits of experience-based learning programmes also have the potential to reach beyond the classroom walls, allowing schools and students to create and strengthen relationships with the communities around them.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.45
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The importance of experienced teachers cannot be underestimated. They can help raise the performance of students and improve the overall quality of schooling by supporting less-experienced colleagues. This Teaching in Focus: Where to find experienced teachers? analyses the distribution of teachers across schools from two different but complementary angles: equality and equity.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.287
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) scoring for constructed-response items, using recent advancements in multilingual, deep learning techniques utilising models pre-trained with a massive multilingual text corpus, is examined using international large-scale assessment data. Historical student responses to Reading and Science literacy cognitive items developed under the PISA analytical framework are used as training data for deep learning together with multilingual data to construct an AI model. The trained AI models are then used to score and the results compared with human-scored data. The score distributions estimated based on the AI-scored data and the human-scored data are highly consistent with each other; furthermore, even item-level psychometric properties of the majority of items showed high levels of agreement, although a few items showed discrepancies. This study demonstrates a practical procedure for using a multilingual data approach, and this new AI-scoring methodology reached a practical level of quality, even in the context of an international large-scale assessment.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264476417 , 9789264527607 , 9789264551015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Strengthening linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is important to boost productivity and innovation across countries and regions in the OECD and beyond. This policy toolkit offers policy advice to national and subnational governments on how to increase knowledge and technology benefits from FDI on domestic SMEs and the local economy. It presents a conceptual framework for understanding the main enabling conditions and diffusion channels of FDI-SME linkages and spillovers, and a set of diagnostic tools to assess the spillover potential. It also provides an assessment tool for policy and institutional frameworks enabling FDI-SME linkages. This toolkit benefits from insights of a pilot mapping of policy initiatives across the 27 EU Member States, which are described in the second part of the report.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264793903 , 9789264483613 , 9789264469839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (287 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Südostasien ; Education ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future, enabling countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological progress, demographic change, migration, and climate change, and most recently COVID-19, are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. The OECD Skills Strategy offers a strategic and comprehensive approach to assessing the skills challenges and opportunities of countries and regions for the purposes of helping them build more effective skills systems. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an examination of what countries and regions can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Southeast Asia: Skills for a Post-COVID Recovery and Growth, applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to assess the performance of countries in Southeast Asia, identifies opportunities for improvement and provides recommendations based on in-depth desk analysis and consultations with stakeholder representatives.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264416604 , 9789264698574 , 9789264909229
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: EU-Wasserpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The EU Water Framework and Floods Directives have not only set the level of ambition for water resources management in Europe, but have also provided a model for other regions in the world. Effective implementation of the Directives requires that due consideration be given to their economic pillar, designed to support a cost-effective approach in member states and communities. Recent reviews indicate that there is considerable room to improve the integration of water economics within the framework of water resources management. This report captures the lessons learned from five thematic workshops co-convened by the OECD and the European Commission. It provides an overview of the challenges faced by EU member countries and opportunities to strengthen the economic approach of water resources management in Europe. Covering cost recovery, polluter pays principle, water scarcity, planning and financing, the lessons are relevant for regions and countries across the globe.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264436435 , 9789264570931 , 9789264906945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Portugal
    Abstract: The Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Portugal examines how regulatory reforms could help Portugal build a more enabling and competitive environment for investment, in particular foreign direct investment (FDI). The report analyses trends and patterns of FDI activity in Portugal, including its broader economic, social and environmental benefits to Portugal. It gives an overview of the economy-wide and sector-specific regulatory settings in Portugal compared to selected European peer economies and provides an empirical analysis of the potential effects of domestic regulatory reforms on FDI. Foreign investors’ perceptions on Portugal’s business environment complement these findings. The report indicates potential areas for regulatory reforms and proposes policy measures to further improve Portugal’s investment climate and support efforts to attract and retain more FDI while strengthening its contribution to sustainable development in Portugal.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264798878 , 9789264656543 , 9789264803022
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Trends 2023
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Ce rapport met en évidence les tendances mondiales en matière d'application du droit de la concurrence à l'aide de la base de données unique de l’OCDE CompStats, qui comprend 34 variables couvrant les ressources des autorités de la concurrence, les affaires d’entente, l'abus de position dominante, les fusions et la promotion de la concurrence. Ce rapport présente des comparaisons entre les régions géographiques et les tendances au fil du temps, permettant aux juridictions de comprendre comment leurs données se comparent à celles de leurs pairs et de la communauté de la concurrence au sens large. Cette édition se concentre sur les principaux développements de l'application mondiale du droit de la concurrence en 2021 et contribue à l'amélioration continue du droit et de la politique de la concurrence dans le monde.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264825833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agir ensemble pour l'égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ?
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors - from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment - in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers' involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion
    Description / Table of Contents: Women at work in OECD countries -- The labour market integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women -- Global goals in gender equality -- Improving policy implementation to end gender-based violence -- Foreword -- Gender gaps in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and adult learning -- Governance tools and evidence to promote inclusive decision making -- Gender equality in public leadership -- Gender balance in the nuclear sector -- Mainstreaming gender equality -- Tax systems and gender -- Gender differences in financial literacy and resilience -- Supporting equal parenting: Paid parental leave -- Addressing gender disparities in access to finance for business creation -- Gender gaps in entrepreneurship remain -- Gender differences in career expectations and feminisation of the teaching profession -- Women entrepreneurs and international trade -- Ensuring the availability, quality and affordability of childcare -- The gender wage gap and the role of firms -- Gender diversity in energy -- The gender gap in school engagement and retention -- Harnessing foreign direct investment for gender equality -- Gender mainstreaming in environmental policies -- Assessing gender equality in transport policies -- Pay transparency to close the gender wage gap -- Participation and performance of girls and boys in education -- Women and the social economy -- Executive summary -- Gender gaps in asset-backed pension arrangements -- Gender diversity on boards and in senior management -- Systems and legal frameworks to address gender-based violence -- Legal frameworks, institutional design and strategic planning for gender mainstreaming -- The potential of digitalisation for women's economic empowerment in MENA countries -- Improving gender equality in public employment -- Teleworking through a gender lens.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.28
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Politische Unruhen ; Kleinstunternehmen ; Handwerk ; Lieferkette ; Friedenssicherung ; Kongo (Demokratische Republik) ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The informal extractive sector is a major source of employment in most countries affected by conflict but has up until now been largely left aside when identifying reinsertion opportunities for ex-combatants. This paper identifies synergies between disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (DDR) programmes implemented in conflict-affected and high-risk areas and existing supply chain due diligence initiatives fostering the integration of artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM) in global supply chains in these areas. The report highlights the role that OECD-led initiatives to support ASM formalisation in conflict zones can play to support DDR programmes.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264925908
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises sont des recommandations que les gouvernements adressent aux entreprises multinationales. Ils visent à encourager la contribution positive que les entreprises peuvent apporter au progrès économique, environnemental et social, et à réduire au minimum les impacts négatifs auxquels leurs activités, leurs produits et leurs services peuvent être associés dans les domaines visés par les Principes directeurs. Les Principes directeurs couvrent tous les principaux domaines de la responsabilité des entreprises, y compris les droits humains, les droits du travail, l’environnement, la corruption, les intérêts des consommateurs, la publication d’informations, la science et la technologie, la concurrence et la fiscalité. L'édition 2023 des Principes directeurs contient des recommandations actualisées en matière de conduite responsable des entreprises sur des sujets clés tels que le changement climatique, la biodiversité, la technologie, l’intégrité des entreprises et l’exercice du devoir de diligence dans les chaînes d’approvisionnement, ainsi qu’une actualisation des procédures de mise en œuvre concernant les Points de contact nationaux pour la conduite responsable des entreprises.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264819818 , 9789264629332 , 9789264995666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (259 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Irland ; Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Ireland: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to secure a balance in skills, foster greater participation in lifelong learning, leverage skills to drive innovation and improve firm performance, and strengthen skills governance to build a joined-up skills ecosystem in Ireland.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264403338 , 9789264621619 , 9789264670921
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Geschlecht ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The 2023 Gender, Education and Skills Report on the persistence of gender gaps in education and skills presents fresh insights on progress towards gender equality in education. The report tries to understand why teen boys are more likely than girls, on average, to fail to attain a baseline level of proficiency in reading, mathematics and science, and why high-performing girls do not continue investing in developing skills in areas such as mathematics and science, when compared to high-performing boys. The report also describes that, despite overall gender gaps in mathematics and science being quite small, young women continue to be under-represented in STEM-related fields after leaving school. These career choices are also reflected in gender disparities in the labour market: tertiary-educated women earn 76% of the earnings of their male peers. This could be possible because men are more likely than women to pursue studies in fields associated with higher earnings, such as engineering, manufacturing and construction, and ICTs, while women still choose fields associated with lower earnings, including education, welfare, and arts and humanities.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264758193 , 9789264555716 , 9789264464360
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (528 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of El Salvador: Strategic Priorities for Robust, Inclusive and Sustainable Development
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Development ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador ha consolidado importantes avances en su desarrollo en los últimos 30 años. El fin de la guerra civil en 1992 señaló el establecimiento de una democracia liberal y de un modelo de desarrollo abierto basado en la exportación, que contribuyó a reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad. Sin embargo, el modelo de la posguerra no ha generado el dinamismo económico o los puestos de trabajo que el país necesita. El crecimiento económico fue moderado en los años previos a la pandemia de COVID-19, promediando 2.4%, y la productividad creció al 0.1% durante la pasada década. Para impulsar un desarrollo más sólido, inclusivo y sostenible son necesarias acciones decisivas. Basándose en un análisis multidimensional del desarrollo en El Salvador este informe plantea cuatro recomendaciones prioritarias: 1) sentar las condiciones para la transformación productiva y la modernización de la economía; 2) aumentar la cantidad, calidad y pertinencia de la educación; 3) gestionar mejor los recursos hídricos para llevar agua y saneamiento a todos de manera sostenible; y 4) modernizar el Estado para que pueda generar bienes públicos clave – desde la seguridad ciudadana a la educación o la salud – de manera eficaz, y conducir el país hacia la próxima etapa de su desarrollo.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264421462
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Summit on the Teaching Profession
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Global education systems face an array of huge challenges, including question marks over how to remain relevant in a fast-changing world. This report Teaching for the Future: Global Engagement, Sustainability and Digital Skills outlines the challenges and key trends for teaching and schools, and sets out ambitious proposals to improve education standards to ensure learning caters to the needs of all students regardless of background. The report was used as the basis to launch discussions about the state of global education at the International Summit on the Teaching Profession held in Washington D.C., April 2023. The summit brought together education ministers, union leaders and other representatives from the teaching profession from high-performing and improving education systems to review the quality of teaching and learning across the world. Topics discussed included the future of learning and ways to radically reimagine how education systems function in the decades to come; analysis of how to attract and support the development of high-quality teachers and teaching practices in the age of digitalisation; and ways to support the teaching of global competencies in schools, and how to promote equitable and inclusive learning environments for all.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.290
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The international instruments of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) require national adaptations and translation before data collection processes begin. This paper provides an assessment of the processes used in TALIS 2018, based on an analysis of the documentation available, as well as countries’ descriptions of the processes and challenges undergone during that cycle. The author starts by identifying several positive aspects, highlighting the work of the international contractor, the national centres and national project managers but also suggests areas for improvement. Finally, the paper looks at the new translatability assessment in the current cycle (TALIS 2024) and how it could be even more effective, as well as recommending a series of proposals that could support adaptation and translation processes in future cycles.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.294
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Netherlands ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper investigates the demand for language skills using data on online job vacancies in 27 European Union member countries and the United Kingdom in 2021. Evidence indicates that although Europe remains a linguistically diverse labour market, knowing English confers unique advantages in certain occupations. Across countries included in the analyses, a knowledge of English was explicitly required in 22% of all vacancies and English was the sixth most required skill overall. A knowledge of German, Spanish, French and Mandarin Chinese was explicitly demanded in between 1% and 2% of all vacancies. One in two positions advertised on line for managers or professionals required some knowledge of English, on average across European Union member countries and across OECD countries in the sample. This compares with only one in ten positions for skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and among elementary occupations.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.297
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: An important construct to be measured in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2025 is the degree to which 15-year-olds are knowledgeable of, concerned about, and able to act on environmental issues as a result of their science education. This document justifies and explains the competencies youth need to address local and global challenges in this epoch of human influences on the planet. Those with agency in the Anthropocene work individually and collectively with hope and efficacy to understand diverse perspectives on socio-ecological systems and to create a more just and resilient future.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.293
    Keywords: Kreativität ; Qualifikation ; Studierende ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Developed as one of the resources within the context of the OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) project entitled “Fostering and assessing creativity and critical thinking skills in higher education”, this paper reviews existing policies and practices relating to the assessment of students’ creativity and critical thinking skills in higher education across OECD countries. Creativity and critical thinking are largely emphasised in policy orientations and qualification standards governing higher education in many countries. In contrast, these skills are sparsely integrated into the dimensions of centralised assessments administered at the level of systems. At the local level, because of the large degrees of institutional autonomy and academic freedom, there is little indication that policy orientations translate into actual transformation of assessment practices developed and implemented by faculty members. Based on this analysis, the paper provides recommendations for policy and decision makers in systems and institutions to further support the development and implementation of assessment strategies to measure and foster students’ creativity and critical thinking in higher education.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: School destructions, population displacement or school closures mean that children in Ukraine have experienced varied disruptions in their education experience. Interventions that seek to reduce the variation in student learning levels need to accompany efforts to resume learning and deliver high-quality education for all. This brief puts the focus on academic interventions Ukraine could introduce to support learning recovery. It first examines strategies for assessing students’ skill levels and identifying potential learning losses in the current context. It then focuses on academic strategies the Ministry of Education can implement in the short and medium-term to help students recover lost learning opportunities, including adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, adapting the time of instruction, providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. The brief concludes by putting forward a range of policy responses that can enhance the long-term effectiveness of learning recovery strategies in Ukraine.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.71
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Propuestas para un plan de acción para reducir el abandono escolar temprano en España
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: Early school leaving (ESL) can lead to mounting individual challenges and generate high economic costs to education systems and societies at large. Spain has made significant progress in reducing ESL in recent years; in 2022, the ESL rate was 13,9% - almost half the points of a decade earlier. However, noteworthy regional disparities remain, and Spain’s average ESL rate remains one of the highest among OECD and EU member countries. Informed by national and international research evidence and good practices, and by the expert contribution of key education stakeholders, this report identifies existing strengths and challenges to address ESL across Spain. It proposes five areas for action that each include a range of evidence-based and actionable recommendations for a coordinated approach to reducing ESL in all autonomous communities and in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.151
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Fiscal spending policies adopted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic have been presented as a unique opportunity to “build back better” and re-ignite the economy while accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper analyses 1 166 funding measures announced by 51 countries and the European Union in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures – amounting to USD 1.29 trillion – can make an important contribution to filling the climate investment gap, particularly in emerging technologies such as carbon capture, usage and storage and green hydrogen. A modelling analysis suggests that they could have large impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and bring about significant co-benefits in terms of clean sectors’ output growth and reductions in fossil fuel imports.
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