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  • 1985-1989  (638)
  • 1955-1959  (100)
  • 1935-1939  (21)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (459)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (296)
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Theory and society
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1987 -
    ISSN: 0921-3384 , 2352-2119 , 2352-2119
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and decision library / A
    Former Title: Philosophy and methodology of the social sciences
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Former Title: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Former Title: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1971 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0167-7276
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Additional Information: 3=2; 5=3 von International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Papers and debate of the ... international conference held by the International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1974
    Additional Information: 7=5 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Selected papers from the ... International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1975
    Additional Information: 6=4; 9=6 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Papers read at the International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1977
    Additional Information: 2=[1] von International Phenomenological Conference (ZDB) Papers and debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing, 1972
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Analecta Husserliana
    Former Title: Vorg. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and society
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaft ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Theorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Logik der Sozialwissenschaft ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cham, Switzerland : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ. | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1985 -
    ISSN: 1572-4395
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law and philosophy library
    Former Title: L & PL
    Former Title: LAPS
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0924-5499
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The GeoJournal library
    DDC: 550
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789400910539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (472p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 53
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Family. ; Criminology. ; Social groups.
    Abstract: I Introduction: Research On Organization and Accountability For State Intervention -- 1. Independent Representation of Children in Protection Proceedings -- 2. Adolescent Childbearing and Prevention Strategies: Battleground for Testing the Limits of Government Intervention -- 3. The American Indian Child Welfare Act: Achievements and Recommendations -- 4. Policy Development as a Hegemonic Strategy: Example of the Child and Family Services Act in Ontario -- 5. Decentralizing Child Welfare Services: An Assessment of Service Impact, Costs and the Morale of Staff -- 6. Managing the Family Contacts of Children Absent in Care, Professional and Legislative Issues: The Experience of England and Wales -- 7. Efficiency in Foster Family Care: Proceeding with Caution -- 8. The State as Parent: Assessing Outcomes in Child Care -- 9. Child Care Placement Outcomes -- II Introduction: Research On Young Persons In Conflict With The Law -- 10. Social Change, Legal Transformation, and state Intervention: Youth Justice in the Arab Republic of Egypt -- 11. The Scottish Children’s Hearing System: Community or State Control? -- 12. Custodial Control or Community Alternative?: An Examination of the Impact of the 1982 Criminal Justice Act in One Local Authority -- 13. Evaluating Conflicts Between Intention and Outcome Within Changing Canadian Juvenile Justice Policy: Just Listen to What the Data Says! -- 14. Tackling the Conflict: A Framework Analysis of Dispute Settlement -- 15.Closed Units in Institutions for Children -- 16.Law Policies and Implications for the Youth Welfare System: The Hamburg Example -- 17. Hind the Gap: The Creation of the Non-Divertible -- 18. Deviant Interventions or Deviant Youth? -- III Introduction: Research On Child Abuse -- 19. Child Abuse, Social Theory, and Everyday State Practices -- 20. Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: State Intervention in Canada -- 21. Sexual Abuse Prevention Training: Issues of State Intervention -- 22. False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse: Implications for Policy and Practice -- 23. The Use of Criminal Sanctions in Child Abuse and Neglect -- IV Introduction: Research On Children In Care -- 24. Evaluation of Foster-Family-Based Treatment in Comparison with Other Programs: A Preliminary Analysis -- 25. Foster Care Breakdown: A Study of a Special Teenager Fostering Scheme -- 26. Intensive Home-Based Family Treatment: Client Outcomes and Issues for Program Design -- 27. A Belgian Approach to Work Rehabilitation -- 28. Research on Trends in Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth in Aarhus, Denmark -- 29. In Care, In Contact? -- 30. The Effectiveness of Permanent Substitute Family Placement for Older Children in Care -- 31. An Examination of Long Term Foster Family Care for Children and Youth -- 32. Patterns of Care: The First Twelve Months -- 33. Effectiveness Analysis of Residential Child Care Services in Belgium -- 34. Integrating Professional and Community Resources for Young Persons -- 35. The Transition From Long Term Care to Adoption -- Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The thirty-five chapters in this book are edited versions of papers presented at the Advanced Research Workshop, State Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth, which took place in Maratea, Italy, February 20-24, 1989. The Workshop was attended by leading child welfare researchers from most of the Western countries. Represented were scholars and practitioners from disciplines as diverse as law, social work, neurology, economics, political science, education, psychology, and psychiatry. This variety of disciplines considerably enriched the discussions at the Workshop and is reflected in a set of interesting and, we believe, potentially useful research papers. This book is divided into four sections, each dealing with dominant themes of state intervention. The first section deals with research on organizing for state intervention and related ways of providing accountability. The second section deals with research on young persons in conflict with the law, the third with research on child abuse and the final section with research on children in care. Many of the matters addressed in these papers relate to more than one of the topical theme headings and, therefore, might well have been located in different sections of the volume. Each section is introduced by an introductory statement that provides an overview of the papers and issues addressed, and suggests an agenda of research work to be undertaken. These introductions are based largely on workshop discussions and do not necessarily represent the views of their identified authors.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1 Molecular asymmetry -- 2 The importance of enantiomer separations -- 3 Chiral liquid chromatography: past and present -- 2 Chiral Derivatization -- 4 Chiral derivatization -- 3 Direct Chiral Resolution -- 5 Chiral ligand exchange chromatography -- 6 Synthetic multiple-interaction chiral bonded phases -- 7 Immobilized proteins as HPLC chiral stationary phases -- 8 Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation -- 9 Binding to cellulose derivatives -- 10 Binding to synthetic polymers -- 11 Ion-pairing -- 12 Other direct chiral resolution methods -- 4 Strategy for Development of LC Enantiomeric Determination Methods -- 13 Consideration of other techniques -- 14 Choice of chiral LC systems -- 15 Optimization -- 5 Future Trends and Requirements -- 16 Future trends and requirements.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401164993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: One Physical FoundationsOne The planetary and geological context of life -- Two The Earth, life, and energy cycles -- Two Past Events and their Biogeographic Significance -- Three Evolution of the biosphere -- Four Continental drift -- Five Biogeographic patterns and ice age events -- Three Present Environments and Biogeographic Patterns -- Six The climatic environment -- Seven Marine and terrestrial environments -- Eight Freshwater environments -- Nine Island environments -- Ten Environments linked through animal movements -- Eleven Organisms and environments integrated through coevolution -- Four the Human Impact -- Twelve Fire as an old and new agent of change -- Thirteen Man the maker and exterminator of plants and animals -- Fourteen Biogeographic repercussions of the intensification of agriculture -- Fifteen The impact of urban-industrial development on patterns of life -- References.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 The range of experimental techniques -- 1.2 Good laboratory practice -- 1.3 Safety in the laboratory -- 1.4 Keeping records -- 1.5 Samples and spectra -- 2 Carrying out reactions -- 2.1 Basic techniques -- 2.2 Special techniques -- 3 Isolation and purification of reaction products -- 3.1 Primary work-up procedures -- 3.2 Crystallization -- 3.3 Melting point -- 3.4 Distillation -- 4 Separation of organic mixtures by chromatography -- 4.1 Analytical methods -- 4.2 Preparative methods -- 4.3 Appendices -- Preparation of samples for spectroscopy -- 5.1 Infra-red -- 5.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 5.3 Mass spectrometry -- 5.4 Ultraviolet -- Finding chemical information -- 6.1 Physical properties -- 6.2 Spectroscopic properties -- 6.3 Beilstein’s Handbuch -- 6.4 Chemical Abstracts.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1 Introduction -- 2 Characteristics of urban flora and fauna -- 2.1 Proliferation of introduced species -- 2.2 Severe disturbance -- 2.3 Increased opportunities for dispersal -- 2.4 Habitat diversity -- 2.5 Taxonomic and evolutionary aspects -- 2.6 Vertebrates -- 2.7 Invertebrates -- 2.8 Planted vegetation -- 2.9 Historical factors -- 3 The urban climate and air pollution -- 3.1 Climate -- 3.2 Air pollution -- 4 Soils in urban areas -- 4.1 The classification of urban soils -- 4.2 Conspectus -- 4.3 Characteristics of urban soils -- 4.4 Brick rubble -- 4.5 Topsoiled sites -- 5 Vegetation dynamics -- 5.1 Ecological change as greenfield sites become developed -- 5.2 Ecological change as urban land is recycled -- 5.3 Postdevelopment -- 5.4 Discussion -- 6 Urban commons -- 6.1 Plants -- 6.2 Animals -- 6.3 Research opportunities -- 7 Industrial areas -- 7.1 Raw materials -- 7.2 Buildings, structures, hard landscapes -- 7.3 Energy aspects -- 7.4 Stores and warehouses -- 7.5 Solid waste material -- 7.6 Modern trends -- 8 Railways -- 8.1 The permanent way -- 8.2 Sidings -- 8.3 Brickwork and masonry -- 8.4 Verges -- 8.5 Boundary features -- 9 Roads -- 9.1 Road design -- 9.2 Exhaust emissions -- 9.3 De-icing salt -- 9.4 Traffic stress -- 9.5 Street trees -- 9.6 Grass verges -- 9.7 Animals -- 10 City centres -- 10.1 Animals -- 10.2 Vegetation -- 10.3 Interactions -- 11 City parks -- 11.1 Habitats within a park -- 11.2 Grassland -- 11.3 Growth retardants and herbicides -- 11.4 The changing wild flora of parks -- 11.5 Lakes -- 11.6 Mammals -- 11.7 Birds -- 11.8 Invertebrates -- 12 Allotments and leisure gardens -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Cultivated plots -- 12.3 Secondary successions -- 12.4 Birds -- 12.5 Supplementary habitats -- 12.6 Fostering wildlife on allotments -- 13 Cemeteries -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Structure planting -- 13.3 Shrubs -- 13.4 The ground layer -- 13.5 Grave plots -- 13.6 Relic communities -- 13.7 Succession -- 13.8 Management options -- 14 Gardens -- 14.1 Vegetation -- 14.2 Animals -- 14.3 Discussion -- 15 Rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, reservoirs and water mains -- 15.1 Urban hydrology -- 15.2 Rivers -- 15.3 Canals -- 15.4 Ponds, lakes, reservoirs and water mains -- 16 Woodland -- 16.1 The archaeology of a small urban wood -- 16.2 Ancient seminatural woodland -- 16.3 Plantations on the site of ancient woodland -- 16.4 Spontaneous recent woodland -- 16.5 Plantations -- 16.6 Birds -- 17 Living with wildlife -- 17.1 The aesthetic conflict -- 17.2 Social considerations -- 17.3 Design and management -- 17.4 Benefits for all -- References.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400904712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 15
    DDC: 910.285
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering ; Remote sensing ; Human Geography
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922877
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 11
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; History ; Human Geography
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 9
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Economic policy
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789400924505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (704p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 13
    DDC: 551.4
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering ; Sedimentology ; Soil conservation
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401095297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 524 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Catalysis Series
    DDC: 660.6
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biotechnology ; Polymers
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 436 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: An Overview of Robotics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Robots -- II: Robotic Technology -- 3. Introduction to Robot Mechanics -- 4. Robot Electronic Design -- 5. Robotic Sensors -- 6. Vision Systems -- 7. Ultrasonic Systems -- 8. Mobile Robots -- III: Computer Hardware and Software -- 9. Computers for Robots -- 10. Robot Languages -- 11. Robot Intelligence -- IV: Robotic Applications -- 12. Robot Standards -- 13. Applications Engineering -- 14. Application-Oriented Requirements -- V: Future Considerations -- 15. Trends in Robotic Systems -- 16. New Technology -- 17. New Application Areas -- Appendix 1: Robotic Systems Manufacturers -- Appendix 2: Major University Robotics Laboratories -- Appendix 3: International Robotics Organizations.
    Abstract: Robotics engineering has progressed from an infant industry in 1961 to one including over 500 robot and allied firms around the world in 1989. During this growth period, many robotics books have been published, so me of which have served as industry standards. Until recently, the design of robotics sys­ tems has been primarily the responsibility of the mechanical engineer, and their application in factories has been the responsibility of the manufacturing engineer. Few robotics books address the many systems issues facing electron­ ics engineers or computer programmers. The mid-1980s witnessed a major change in the robotics field. The develop­ ment of advanced sensor systems (particularly vision), improvements in the intelligence area, and the desire to integrate groups of robots working together in local work cells or in factory-wide systems have greatly increased the partic­ ipation of electronics engineers and computer programmers. Further, as ro­ bots ga in mobility, they are being used in completely new areas, such as construction, firefighting, and underwater exploration, and the need for com­ puters and smart sensors has increased. Fundamentals af Rabaties Engineering is aimed at the practicing electrical engineer or computer analyst who needs to review the fundamentals of engi­ neering as applied to robotics and to understand the impact on system design caused by constraints unique to robotics. Because there are many good texts covering mechanical engineering topics, this book is limited to an overview of those topics and the effects they have on electrical design and system pro­ grams.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401734448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 112
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Without of course adopting a Platonic metaphysics, the eighteenth-century philosophes were Grecophiles who regarded the Athenian philosophers as their intellectual forbearers and mentors. So powerful was their identification with c1assification that ancient ideas were taken as keys to the design of the modem world, but usually the ideas were taken separately and as divided from their systematic context. The power of number was an idea the En­ lightenment thinkers deployed with their legendary passion and vigor, particularly as an instrument for social reconstruction. It is no exaggemtion to say that the role of quantities in contemporary social scientific theorizing cannot be understood with any depth absent a recollection of the philosophes' axial development of the notion of quantification. It is a commonplace that for the philosophes progress required releasing human abilities to have power over nature. Aprerequisite for this power was knowledge of the underlying causes of natural events, knowledge that required quantitative precision. Enlightenment thinkers were sufficiently aware of themselves as products of their time to appreciate the importance of a liberal social environment to the knowledge enterprise; the supposition that the reverse is also the case, that enhanced knowledge could advance social conditions, came easily.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400924482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 222 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence -- I’m OK if You’re OK: On the Notion of Trusting Communication -- Concepts of Information: Comparative Axiomatics -- Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning -- Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for Knowledge Representation -- Artificial Intelligence, Logic and Formalizing Common Sense -- Efficient Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains.
    Abstract: cians concerned with using logical tools in philosophy have been keenly aware of the limitations that arise from the original con­ centration of symbolic logic on the idiom of mathematics, and many of them have worked to create extensions of the received logical theories that would make them more generally applicable in philosophy. Carnap's Testability and Meaning, published in 1936 and 1937, was a good early example of this sort of research, motivated by the inadequacy of first-order formalizations of dis­ 'This sugar cube is soluble in water'. positional sentences like And in fact there is a continuous history of work on this topic, extending from Carnap's paper to Shoham's contribution to the present volume . . Much of the work in philosophical logic, and much of what has appeared in The Journal of Philosophical Logic, was mo­ tivated by similar considerations: work in modal logic (includ­ ing tense, deontic, and epistemic logic), intensional logics, non­ declaratives, presuppositions, and many other topics. In this sort of research, sin.ce the main point is to devise new formalisms, the technical development tends to be rather shallow in comparison with mathematical logic, though it is sel­ dom absent: theorems need to be proved in order to justify the formalisms, and sometimes these are nontrivial. On the other hand, much effort has to go into motivating a logical innovation.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789400911314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Use of modern NMR spectroscopy in plant cell wall research -- Near- and mid-infrared studies of the cell wall structure of cereal straw in relation to its rumen degradability -- An introduction to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of lignocellulosic material: case studies on barley straw, corn stem and Agropyron -- Cell wall autofluorescence -- Light microscopy and histology of lignocellulose related to biodegradation -- Electron microscopy as a method to evaluate structure and degradation of plant cell walls -- Some properties of cell wall layers determining ruminant digestion -- Identification and importance of polyphenolic compounds in crop residues -- 13C-NMR spectroscopy of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Lignin characterisation of wheat straw samples as determined by chemical degradation procedures -- Determination of phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic by-products by HPLC with electrochemical detector -- Electrochemical approaches to the oxidative degradation of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion -- Comparison of chemical and biological methods for predicting feed intakes and animal performance -- Recommendations -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: The workshop reported in this volume is one of a series sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development (DG XII), under the Concerted Action Programme COST 84-bis, entitled "Use of lignocellulose containing by-products and other plant residues for animal feeding". Since COST 84-bis was established there has been a major shift of emphasis in agricultural research in Europe, with the development of alternative uses for crops and their by-products becoming a priority issue. In recognition of this recent workshops he,ld under the aegis of COST 84-bis have been equally concerned with the potential of lignocellulosic residues to form the feedstock for a variety of new and established industrial uses in addition to their established use as animal feed. Development of strategies for the use of plants or plant residues with a high cell wall content is dependant on knowledge of cell wall structure and organisation and how structure relates to the behaviour of the wall during mechanical, chemical or biological processing. Progress in cell wall research has been greatly facilitated by the substantial developments in methods of instrumental analysis that have occurred during the last decade. Plant tissues now can be examined in far greater detail and far more rapidly than was hitherto possible, often without the need for extraction or modification of the cell wall or its component polymers.
    Description / Table of Contents: Use of modern NMR spectroscopy in plant cell wall researchNear- and mid-infrared studies of the cell wall structure of cereal straw in relation to its rumen degradability -- An introduction to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of lignocellulosic material: case studies on barley straw, corn stem and Agropyron -- Cell wall autofluorescence -- Light microscopy and histology of lignocellulose related to biodegradation -- Electron microscopy as a method to evaluate structure and degradation of plant cell walls -- Some properties of cell wall layers determining ruminant digestion -- Identification and importance of polyphenolic compounds in crop residues -- 13C-NMR spectroscopy of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Lignin characterisation of wheat straw samples as determined by chemical degradation procedures -- Determination of phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic by-products by HPLC with electrochemical detector -- Electrochemical approaches to the oxidative degradation of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion -- Comparison of chemical and biological methods for predicting feed intakes and animal performance -- Recommendations -- List of Participants.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400912236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introducing nonparametric methods -- 1.1 Basic statistics -- 1.2 Hypothesis tests -- 1.3 Estimation -- 1.4 Samples and populations -- 1.5 Further reading -- 1.6 Computers and nonparametric methods -- Exercises -- 2 Location estimates for single samples -- 2.1 The sign test -- 2.2 Inferences about medians based on ranks -- 2.3 Other location estimators -- 2.4 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 3 Distribution tests and rank transformations for single samples -- 3.1 Matching samples to distributions -- 3.2 Robustness -- 3.3 Transformations of ranks -- 3.4 Practical implications of efficiency -- 3.5 Modified assumptions -- 3.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 4 Methods for paired samples -- 4.1 Comparisons in pairs -- 4.2 A less obvious use of the sign test -- 4.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 5 Tests and estimation for two independent samples -- 5.1 Location tests and estimates -- 5.2 Wilcoxon—Mann—Whitney confidence intervals -- 5.3 Tests on functions of ranks -- 5.4 Tests for equality of variance -- 5.5 A test for a common distribution -- 5.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 6 Three or more samples -- 6.1 Possible extensions -- 6.2 Location tests for independent samples -- 6.3 Tests for heterogeneity of variance for independent samples -- 6.4 Further tests for several independent samples -- 6.5 Location comparisons for related samples -- 6.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 7 Bivariate and multivariate data -- 7.1 Correlation in bivariate data -- 7.2 Nonparametric bivariate linear regression -- 7.3 Monotonie regression -- 7.4 Multivariate data -- 7.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 8 Counts and categories -- 8.1 Categorical data -- 8.2 Tests for independence in two-way tables -- 8.3 The log-linear model -- 8.4 Goodness of fit tests for discrete data -- 8.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 9 Robustness, jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.1 The computer and robustness -- 9.2 Jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 10 Looking ahead -- 10.1 Nonparametric methods in a wider context -- 10.2 Developments from basic techniques -- 10.3 More sophisticated developments -- 10.4 The Bayesian approach -- A1 Random variables -- A2 Permutations and combinations -- A6 Least squares regression -- A7 Data sets -- A8 Tables of critical values for nonparametric methods -- References -- Solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
    Abstract: This book is a practical introduction to statistical techniques called nonpara­ metric methods. Using examples, we explain assumptions and demonstrate procedures; theory is kept to a minimum. We show how basic problems are tackled and try to clear up common misapprehensions so as to help both students of statistics meeting the methods for the first time and workers in other fields faced with data needing simple but informative analysis. An analogy between experimenters and car drivers describes our aim. Statistical analyses may be done by following a set of rules without understanding their logical basis, but this has dangers. It is like driving a car with no inkling ofhow the internal combustion engine, the gears, the ignition system, the brakes actually work. Understanding the rudiments helps one get better performance and makesdrivingsafer;appropriate gearchanges become a way to reduce engine stress, prolong engine life, improve fuel economy, minimize wear on brake linings. Knowing how to change the engine oil or replace worn sparking plugs is notessential for adriver, but it will reduce costs. Learning such basics will not make one a fully fledged mechanic, even less an automotive engineer; but it all contributes to more economical and safer driving, alertingone to the dangers ofbald tyres, aleakingexhaust, worn brake linings.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introducing nonparametric methods1.1 Basic statistics -- 1.2 Hypothesis tests -- 1.3 Estimation -- 1.4 Samples and populations -- 1.5 Further reading -- 1.6 Computers and nonparametric methods -- Exercises -- 2 Location estimates for single samples -- 2.1 The sign test -- 2.2 Inferences about medians based on ranks -- 2.3 Other location estimators -- 2.4 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 3 Distribution tests and rank transformations for single samples -- 3.1 Matching samples to distributions -- 3.2 Robustness -- 3.3 Transformations of ranks -- 3.4 Practical implications of efficiency -- 3.5 Modified assumptions -- 3.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 4 Methods for paired samples -- 4.1 Comparisons in pairs -- 4.2 A less obvious use of the sign test -- 4.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 5 Tests and estimation for two independent samples -- 5.1 Location tests and estimates -- 5.2 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney confidence intervals -- 5.3 Tests on functions of ranks -- 5.4 Tests for equality of variance -- 5.5 A test for a common distribution -- 5.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 6 Three or more samples -- 6.1 Possible extensions -- 6.2 Location tests for independent samples -- 6.3 Tests for heterogeneity of variance for independent samples -- 6.4 Further tests for several independent samples -- 6.5 Location comparisons for related samples -- 6.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 7 Bivariate and multivariate data -- 7.1 Correlation in bivariate data -- 7.2 Nonparametric bivariate linear regression -- 7.3 Monotonie regression -- 7.4 Multivariate data -- 7.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 8 Counts and categories -- 8.1 Categorical data -- 8.2 Tests for independence in two-way tables -- 8.3 The log-linear model -- 8.4 Goodness of fit tests for discrete data -- 8.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 9 Robustness, jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.1 The computer and robustness -- 9.2 Jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 10 Looking ahead -- 10.1 Nonparametric methods in a wider context -- 10.2 Developments from basic techniques -- 10.3 More sophisticated developments -- 10.4 The Bayesian approach -- A1 Random variables -- A2 Permutations and combinations -- A6 Least squares regression -- A7 Data sets -- A8 Tables of critical values for nonparametric methods -- References -- Solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789400925632
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; International education . ; Comparative education.
    Abstract: 1. Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education -- One: The Non-Colonial Experience -- 2. China’s universities and Western academic models -- 3. Looking west and east: Thailand’s academic development -- 4. Independence and choice: Western impacts on Japanese higher education -- Two: The European Colonial Tradition -- 5. The Western impact on Philippine higher education -- 6. The origin of modern Indonesian higher education -- 7. Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond -- 8. Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia -- 9. University education in Singapore: The making of a national university -- Three: The Japanese Colonial Impact -- 10. The emergence of the modern university in Korea -- 11. The development of higher education in Taiwan.
    Abstract: This book is an example of an international editorial enterprise. The two editors, located in the United States and Singapore, coordinated a team of authors in ten countries. Linked by common concerns, the lengthy process of preparing such a complex volume proved to be a pleasantly cooperative task - proof that there is a kind of invisible college of colleagues working on similar topics in different countries. This book is also an indication that scholars from the Third World and the industrialized nations can work together in a spirit of equality and understanding. This project has an interesting origin. It was first discussed at a conference on ASEAN - American higher education held in Malaysia in 1985, sponsored by the Regional Institute for Higher Education and Development, then headed by V. Selvaratnam and funded by the Asia Foundation and the Lee Foundation. At the time, geographical coverage was to be limited to the ASEAN nations. We also sought external funding, without success, to assist us in developing the project. Due to lack of funding, the project languished for a year. When one of our original participants, Andrew Gonzales of the Philippines, produced an essay, we decided to proceed without funding. We also decided to add several additional key Asian nations that we felt would provide additional analytic scope to the book. The result of this somewhat unusual collaborative effort is this volume.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher educationOne: The Non-Colonial Experience -- 2. China’s universities and Western academic models -- 3. Looking west and east: Thailand’s academic development -- 4. Independence and choice: Western impacts on Japanese higher education -- Two: The European Colonial Tradition -- 5. The Western impact on Philippine higher education -- 6. The origin of modern Indonesian higher education -- 7. Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond -- 8. Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia -- 9. University education in Singapore: The making of a national university -- Three: The Japanese Colonial Impact -- 10. The emergence of the modern university in Korea -- 11. The development of higher education in Taiwan.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Optical Fiber Waveguides -- 1. Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers -- 2. Measurement and Characterization of Optical Fibers -- 3. Advanced Single-Mode Fiber Designs for Lightwave Systems Applications -- 4. Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers -- 5. Transmission Limitations in Fibers due to Nonlinear Optical Effects -- 2 Fiber-Joining Technology and Passive Optical Components -- 6. Optical Fiber Connectors, Splices, and Jointing Technology -- 7. Passive Components for Optical Coupling and WDM Applications -- 3 Semiconductor Laser Sources and Photodetectors -- 8. Basic Physics of Semiconductor Lasers -- 9. Fabrication and Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers -- 10. Transverse Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers -- 11. Longitudinal Mode Control in Laser Diodes -- 12. Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Lasers -- 13. High-Power Semiconductor Lasers -- 14. Photodetectors for Long-Wavelength Lightwave Systems -- 4 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 15. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters -- 16. Optical Receivers -- 5 Applications of Optoelectronics in Lightwave Systems -- 17. Optical Communications: Single-Mode Optical Fiber Transmission Systems -- 18. Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Local Area Networks -- 19. Future Applications of Optical Fiber Networks -- 20. Free-Space Optical Communication Systems -- 21. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology -- 22. Optoelectronic Information Processing: Laser Bar Code and Laser Printer Systems -- 6 Future Optoelectronic Technology and Transmission Systems -- 23. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 24. Coherent Optical Fiber Communication Systems—The Promise for the Future -- 7 Impacts on the Information Society -- 25. The Impact of Optoelectronics Technology on the Information Society.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Optical Fiber Waveguides1. Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers -- 2. Measurement and Characterization of Optical Fibers -- 3. Advanced Single-Mode Fiber Designs for Lightwave Systems Applications -- 4. Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers -- 5. Transmission Limitations in Fibers due to Nonlinear Optical Effects -- 2 Fiber-Joining Technology and Passive Optical Components -- 6. Optical Fiber Connectors, Splices, and Jointing Technology -- 7. Passive Components for Optical Coupling and WDM Applications -- 3 Semiconductor Laser Sources and Photodetectors -- 8. Basic Physics of Semiconductor Lasers -- 9. Fabrication and Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers -- 10. Transverse Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers -- 11. Longitudinal Mode Control in Laser Diodes -- 12. Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Lasers -- 13. High-Power Semiconductor Lasers -- 14. Photodetectors for Long-Wavelength Lightwave Systems -- 4 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 15. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters -- 16. Optical Receivers -- 5 Applications of Optoelectronics in Lightwave Systems -- 17. Optical Communications: Single-Mode Optical Fiber Transmission Systems -- 18. Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Local Area Networks -- 19. Future Applications of Optical Fiber Networks -- 20. Free-Space Optical Communication Systems -- 21. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology -- 22. Optoelectronic Information Processing: Laser Bar Code and Laser Printer Systems -- 6 Future Optoelectronic Technology and Transmission Systems -- 23. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 24. Coherent Optical Fiber Communication Systems-The Promise for the Future -- 7 Impacts on the Information Society -- 25. The Impact of Optoelectronics Technology on the Information Society.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Distribution and function of regulatory peptides -- 1 Atrial natriuretic peptides—localization, structure, function and phylogeny -- 2 Bombesin -- 3 Gastrin/cholecystokinin-related peptides—comparative aspects -- 4 Neurotensin and related peptides -- 5 Opioid peptides—comparative peripheral mechanisms -- 6 Substance P and other tachykinins -- 7 Vasoactive intestinal peptide -- 8 Pancreatic peptides -- 9 Peptides in invertebrates -- Two Integrated physiological functions -- 10 Gut motility -- 11 Gut secretion -- 12 The cardiovascular system -- 13 Co-existence and co-function -- 14 Biosynthesis of regulatory peptides—evolutionary aspects.
    Abstract: Strictly speaking, the term regulatory peptides may include any peptide which has a regulatory function in any organism. In recent years, how­ ever, the term has come to mean those originally classified as brain-gut peptides. The peptides initially defined as those belonging to the brain­ gut axis had a dual location in neurones of the brain and endocrine cells of the gut. We now include a number of neuropeptides found in the autonomic nervous system of the gut, the cardiovascular system and other systems. To many scientists comparative physiology means comparison of the mechanisms of certain functions in the rat, the guinea-pig, the cat and maybe some other mammal. If the philosophy is that man is the centre of the universe and other mammals can be used as 'models' of man, this may well be the most useful way to study the functions of the human being, without actually chopping somebody up. However, with a some­ what wider perspective on life, it is easy to see the importance of a full understanding of the function of all living organisms, in its own right as well as a link in the evolution towards individuals able to survive and reproduce in very different environments. The importance of com­ parative studies in all living organisms cannot be emphasized too much. It has been the ambition with this book to treat all animals as equally important.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Distribution and function of regulatory peptides1 Atrial natriuretic peptides-localization, structure, function and phylogeny -- 2 Bombesin -- 3 Gastrin/cholecystokinin-related peptides-comparative aspects -- 4 Neurotensin and related peptides -- 5 Opioid peptides-comparative peripheral mechanisms -- 6 Substance P and other tachykinins -- 7 Vasoactive intestinal peptide -- 8 Pancreatic peptides -- 9 Peptides in invertebrates -- Two Integrated physiological functions -- 10 Gut motility -- 11 Gut secretion -- 12 The cardiovascular system -- 13 Co-existence and co-function -- 14 Biosynthesis of regulatory peptides-evolutionary aspects.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401160506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I—Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II—Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III—Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV—Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-RelatedProblems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V—Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI—Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: PrintedWiring Assemblies -- IV.Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues onCleaned Electronics Assemblies.
    Abstract: One of the strongest trends in the design and manufacture of modern electronics packages and assemblies is the utilization of surface mount technology as a replacement for through-hole tech­ nology. The mounting of electronic devices and components onto the surface of a printed wiring board or other substrate offers many advantages over inserting the leads of devices or components into holes. From the engineering viewpoint, much higher lead counts with shorter wire and interconnection lengths can be accommo­ dated. This is critical in high performance modern electronics packaging. From the manufacturing viewpoint, the application of automated assembly and robotics is much more adaptable to high lead count surface mounted devices and components. Indeed, the insertion of high lead count parts into fine holes on a substrate might often be nearly impossible. Yet, in spite of these surface mounting advantages, the utilization of surface mount technology is often a problem, primarily due to soldering problems. The most practical soldering methods use solder pastes, whose intricacies are frequently not understood by most of those involved in the engineering and manufacture of electronics assemblies. This publication is the first book devoted exclusively to explanations of the broad combination of the chemical, metallurgical, and rheological principles that are critical to the successful use of solder pastes. The critical relation­ ships between these characteristics are clearly explained and pre­ sented. In this excellent presentation, Dr. Hwang highlights three impor­ tant areas of solder paste technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: I-Overview1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II-Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III-Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV-Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-RelatedProblems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V-Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI-Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: PrintedWiring Assemblies -- IV.Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues onCleaned Electronics Assemblies.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401164054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Retail trade. ; Computer science. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Overview of retailing: the future -- 2 Direct product profitability -- 3 Towards an integrated retail management information system -- 4 Planning profitable strategies -- 5 Simulating the retail environment for planning, assessment and training -- Problems Specifically of the Small and Medium Retailer -- 6 A decision support system for medium sized retailers using low cost local area networks -- 7 Technology for the small independent grocer -- Electronic Point of Sales -- 8 Retailing is communicating -- 9 Using point of sales -- 10 Technology for the independent retailer -- 11 Hand held systems in the retail industry -- Specialised Aspects of Retailing -- 12 Lessons for the future from out of the past -- 13 Design and implementation of forecasting and inventory control in the retail industry -- 14 Utilising private data networks to manage -- 15 Enhancing retail profitability using computer-aided design -- 16 Advertising tracking for retailers -- 17 Intreractive media — gimmick or real productivity tool? -- The Future — Land of Promise? -- 18 Making EFTPoS work -- 19 Smart cards in retailing -- 20 EFTPoS the consumer viewpoint.
    Abstract: Retailing today is one of the largest, most buoyant and most competitive market sectors. The large, medium and small retailers, providers of systems are the major players in this market. The exploitation of information technology and the use of quantitative corporate models are emerging as key factors in determining the strength and effectiveness of marketing plans and support logistics. Many major retailers have developed considerable in-house expertise in this area and many hard­ ware manufacturers and systems houses have created special divisions to provide turn-key installations, products and services in order to exploit these opportunities. However, in the research leading up to the seminar on which this book is based, a number of important gaps in retailer useage of systems were noted. While many retailers, including the large multiples, had very sophisticated electronic point of sales devices, the information that was available was not being used to plan effective marketing and selling strategies, nor yet to plan for growth. In the medium and smaller companies there was still concern whether electronic point of sales were cost effective for them or whether being without such aids put them at a grave disadvantage vis-a-vis their larger competitors.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Overview of retailing: the future2 Direct product profitability -- 3 Towards an integrated retail management information system -- 4 Planning profitable strategies -- 5 Simulating the retail environment for planning, assessment and training -- Problems Specifically of the Small and Medium Retailer -- 6 A decision support system for medium sized retailers using low cost local area networks -- 7 Technology for the small independent grocer -- Electronic Point of Sales -- 8 Retailing is communicating -- 9 Using point of sales -- 10 Technology for the independent retailer -- 11 Hand held systems in the retail industry -- Specialised Aspects of Retailing -- 12 Lessons for the future from out of the past -- 13 Design and implementation of forecasting and inventory control in the retail industry -- 14 Utilising private data networks to manage -- 15 Enhancing retail profitability using computer-aided design -- 16 Advertising tracking for retailers -- 17 Intreractive media - gimmick or real productivity tool? -- The Future - Land of Promise? -- 18 Making EFTPoS work -- 19 Smart cards in retailing -- 20 EFTPoS the consumer viewpoint.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction To Standards and Specifications -- 2. Understanding Blueprints -- 3. Processes And Tolerances -- 4. Artwork Inspection -- 5. Planning: Multilayer And Double Sided Printed Circuits -- 6. Planning Flex And Rigid-Flex Jobs -- 7. Aspects Of Quality Assurance -- A. MIL-STD-275E: Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment -- B. IPC-D-300G: Printed Board Dimensions and Tolerances -- C. MIL-P-55110D: General Specification for Printed Wiring Boards -- D. IPC-A-600C: Guidelines for Acceptability of Printed Boards -- E. MIL-P-13949F: Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (For Printed Wiring Boards) -- F. MIL-STD-2118: Design Requirements for Flex and Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment.
    Abstract: I would like to present some definitions which will be helpful in understanding the purpose of this book. From The American Heritage Dictionary of the En­ glish Language: Engineer 1. A person who skillfully or shrewdly manages an enterprise. 2. To plan, construct, and manage, as an engineer. 3. To plan, manage, and put through by skillful acts, or contrivance. Engineering 1. The application of scientific principles to practical ends as the design, con­ struction, and operation of efficient and economical structures, equipment and systems. 2. The profession of, or work performed by an engineer. Some words encountered in the definitions of engineer and engineering are Skillfully, Plan, and Manage. This book is concerned with engineering the man­ ufacture of printed circuit boards, and is dedicated to those people engaged in designing, planning, manufacturing, and achieving quality assurance in printed circuits. In The Handbook of Printed Circuit Manufacturing (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985), I presented detailed practical and theoretical information on the opera­ tions involved in manufacturing printed circuits. It is possible to perform each operation in an optimum fashion, and still leave room for improvement. Much of that room for improvement requires the skillful application of scientific prin­ ciples, planning, and management. It is the goal of this book to provide a sound background in industry standards and specifications, blueprint comprehension, artwork inspection, processes and tolerances, planning and quality assurance.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction To Standards and Specifications2. Understanding Blueprints -- 3. Processes And Tolerances -- 4. Artwork Inspection -- 5. Planning: Multilayer And Double Sided Printed Circuits -- 6. Planning Flex And Rigid-Flex Jobs -- 7. Aspects Of Quality Assurance -- A. MIL-STD-275E: Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment -- B. IPC-D-300G: Printed Board Dimensions and Tolerances -- C. MIL-P-55110D: General Specification for Printed Wiring Boards -- D. IPC-A-600C: Guidelines for Acceptability of Printed Boards -- E. MIL-P-13949F: Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (For Printed Wiring Boards) -- F. MIL-STD-2118: Design Requirements for Flex and Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789401174770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 398 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Implants in Medicine and Dentistry -- The importance of bending stresses in the leaflets of pericardial heart valve substitutes -- The tearing strength of chemically modified pericardium -- Prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Biomechanical and functional performance -- A comparative analysis of four types of prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament replacement in the goat -- Biomaterials in Otology. Experimental aspects and general clinical implications -- Changes in the material properties and function of pericardial bioprosthetic heart valves in vivo -- Hydrodynamic characteristics of tapered arterial prostheses -- The history of implants in oral surgery -- Osseointegrated implants in the mandible using Nobelpharma Implant System. -- 2 Implant Interaction with Tissue -- Biodegradation and phagocyte/polymer interaction -- Biodegradation-dependent trace element accumulation: A study of calcium phosphate ceramics and polymers -- The interaction between connective tissues and implant materials -- Computer-assisted image analysis in tissue-material interactions -- Titanium implant surfaces -- 3 Tissue/Bone Examination -- Choosing a signal for vibration analysis of fracture healing -- Collagen fibre orientation in bone -- Skeletal strain and the maintenance of bone mass -- Continuous mineral matrices in bone and dentine -- 4 Materials Examination -- Scanning electron microscope appearance of the enamel/composite/bracket boundaries in orthodontic bonding -- Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. -- Experimental mastoid obliteration with hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (Zimmer/Xomed) and fibrin glue (Immuno-Austria) -- Role of design and material on stress distributions of cemented hip prostheses -- The fracture toughness of dental restorative materials -- The etching of biological material in vacuum. Paper I & II -- The Direct Deposition of Carbon, Suitable for Surgical Implants -- 5 Finite Elements in Medicine & Dentistry -- Numerical Modelling — Basis & Applications -- Finite element analysis of the elbow after joint replacement -- The use of finite element stress analysis in the assessment of tooth movement -- A finite element analysis of the natural frequencies of vibration of the human tympanic membrane. Part II -- Mathematical modelling in medicine -- Stresses along the composite resin-dentine interface analysed by the finite element method -- Improvement of mechanical strength of ceramic head for hip prosthesis by means of fitting geometry modifications: A finite element analysis -- 6 Materials Development -- Rubber reinforced polymers for bone cement — morphology and mechanical properties -- Dental application of novel morphology polymers -- Nitrided ferritic steels -- Alumina vs zirconium oxide: a comparative wear test -- 3-D porous alumina-bioglass composite coating (Poral R) for cementless ceramic hip prosthetic cup -- 7 Materials Standards and Safety -- Safety aspects of surgically-implantable devices -- The changing role of industry for implant technology -- Standards in Dentistry and Medicine -- Appendix Abstracts of Contributed Presentations -- Stress analysis using thermal emission -- The application of surface texture measurement for studying the failure of bone implants and dental fillings -- Corrosion resistance of titanium -- Fatigue testing of hip prostheses -- Conformation of adsorbed proteins and enzymes: Chymotrypsin at the polystyrene/water interface -- Interfacial shear strength and penetration of PMMA cement into bone -- History of orthopaedic implants.
    Abstract: The thirty nine papers accepted for pub1 ication in the First International Conference on 'Interfaces in Medicine & Meehani cs' at Swansea in Apri 1, 1988 represent the current state of the art in the science of implant surgery. This initial venture was planned and undertaken when the present editors and their colleagues realised the need for a closer interaction and dialogue between the clinician and. those basic scientists working in the area of implant surgery. Thi s interface, together with the real interface at the material/tissue borders, thus forms the basis of the present conference. These two ideas, we felt, were nicely and effectively captured in the drawing by Edgar Rubins (1915), a perception psycho 1 ogi st, used on the book cover and elsewhere in our 1 iterature. The Proceedings were planned with some difficulty, due to the wi de scope of the conference. However, we felt the best format was to follow the logical progression of implant development. The introductory papers and talks therefore demonstrate the scope of surgical implants in current use. The development of an implant starts with modelling of the proposed implant and its potential environment and the proceedings follow the same format. Following this, materials in current use are discussed.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401197342
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 290 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: C. B. Martin, A Biographical Sketch -- Cause -- C. B. Martin, Counterfactuals, Causality, and Conditionals -- Freedom and Indeterminism -- Mind -- Intention -- Remenibering ‘Remembering’ -- The Revival of ‘Fido’-Fido -- Locke’s Ideas, Abstraction, and Substance -- Why Perception is not Singular Reference -- Low Claim Assertions -- On Formulating Materialism and Dualism -- Reality -- Tense and Existence -- Propositions and Philosophical Ideas -- A Puzzle About Ontological Commitment -- Objectivity and Ideology in the Physical and Social Sciences -- Motion and Change of Distance -- On Being Ontologically Unserious -- Verificationism -- C. B. Martin, Publications 1952-1987.
    Abstract: T is said that there is no progress in philosophy. The illusion of standing I still, however, arises only when we lose sight of our history and so fail to notice the distance we have travelled. Philosophers nowadays find obvious ideas and themes that, as it happens, emerged slowly and painfully and largely in reaction to prevailing sensibilities. The essays here honour a man to whom present-day philosophy owes much: Charles Burton Martin. In reflecting on my own on-going and somewhat chaotic philosophical education, I find considerable evidence of Charlie Martin's influence. After departing graduate school, one of the first papers I succeeded in publishing consisted of an attack on Martin and Deutscher's 'Remembering'. ' After that, Charlie more or less vanished from my conscious awareness until the winter of 1985, when we appeared together in a colloquium at the Eastern Division meetings of the American Philosophical Association. Although Charlie was nominally a commentator on a paper I was delivering, his 'comments' contained more philosophy and went considerably beyond the tentative and highly circumscribed thesis I had elected to defend. Whereas my focus had been on a tiny feature of Hilary Putnam's argument against realism, Charlie went straight for the jugular, addressing matters that immediately took us into deep water.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401148467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 127 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 History -- 3 Occurrence and isolation -- 4 Biological activities -- 5 Carbohydrate specificity -- 6 Molecular properties -- 7 Three dimensional structures -- 8 Biosynthesis -- 9 Applications -- 10 Lectin resistant cells -- 11 Functions in nature -- 12 Epilogue.
    Abstract: A characteristic property of most, or perhaps all, proteins is their ability to combine specifically and reversibly with various substances. Well known examples are enzymes that bind substrates and inhibitors, and antibodies that bind antigens. This book deals with lectins, a class of proteins that bind carbohydrates. Another characteristic property of lectins is that they agglutinate cells or precipitate polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This is because lectins are polyvalent, i.e. each lectin molecule has at least two carbohydrate binding sites to allow crosslinking between cells (by combining with sugars on their surfaces) or between sugar containing macromolecules. The agglutinating and precipitating activities of lectins are very similar to those of antibodies. They can likewise be specifically inhibited by low molecular weight compounds (haptens), which in the case of lectins are sugars or sugar containing compounds (Fig. 1.1). Not surprisingly, therefore, many of the methods used in lectin research are based on immunochemical techniques. Nevertheless, lectins are different from antibodies in several important aspects. Many lectins are found in plants, microorganisms and viruses, which do not synthesize immunoglobulins. In fact, they are found in almost all living organisms (Table 1.1) and are not confined to specific organs or tissues. Another marked difference between the two classes of compound is that antibodies are structurally similar, whereas lectins are structurally diverse. In general, lectins are oligomeric proteins composed of subunits, usually with one sugar binding site per subunit.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 History -- 3 Occurrence and isolation -- 4 Biological activities -- 5 Carbohydrate specificity -- 6 Molecular properties -- 7 Three dimensional structures -- 8 Biosynthesis -- 9 Applications -- 10 Lectin resistant cells -- 11 Functions in nature -- 12 Epilogue.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400908338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 180 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Ascris suum: a useful model for anerobic mitochondrial metabolism and the transition in aerobic-anaerobic developing parasitic helminths -- 2 The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: serotonin) in glucose transport, intermediary carbohydrate metabolism and helminth neurobiology -- 3 What are the functions of the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the parasitic nematodes? -- 4 The physiological significance of Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone reductase) in respiratory adaptation -- 5 Oxygen and the lower Metazoa -- 6 How do parasitic helminths use and survive oxygen and oxygen metabolites? -- 7 Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in adult schistosomes: a reappraisal -- 8 Using carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to study helminth metabolism -- 9 Detoxification reactions in parasitic helminths -- 10 Parasite transport and inactivation functions involved in antiparasitic efficacy -- 11 The molecular biology of drug resistance in parasitic helminths -- 12 Comparative biochemistry of parasites and its role in drug resistance—an investigation of species differences in tubulin -- 13 Systemic effects of helminth infections as revealed by serum LDH isozymes and kinetic parameters of transport (Vmax and K1) of the host tissue -- Helminth index.
    Abstract: When Professor John Sprent first suggested, in 1982, that the Australian Society for Parasitology should bid for the opportunity to mount the Sixth International Congress of Parasitology, the immediate reaction was one of disbelief. However, in the two years or so before ICOPA 5, in Toronto, he used his considerable powers to the utmost and spent himself unstintingly in persuading Australian parasitologists to put together a bid. The Society inevitably agreed, for it is difficult to prevent such a determined and eminent man from getting his own way! A case for an Australian venue was prepared and, as President, I was charged with the task of convincing the delegates in Toronto that Australia was worth going all the way to see. The events of that meeting are now far in the past; suffice to say that, in the end, Australia won by the narrowest of margins, largely due to the energy of my inventive colleagues who put the case for Australia at every possible and improbable moment. I do not remember a great deal about the scientific aspects of ICOPA 5. I was far too preoccupied with an awful spectre, that of telling John Sprent that I had failed, to pay attention to much other than lobbying for votes. I do remember, however, telling myself how much I would enjoy the next ICOPA without the terrible responsibility of capturing ICOPA 7.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Ascris suum: a useful model for anerobic mitochondrial metabolism and the transition in aerobic-anaerobic developing parasitic helminths2 The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: serotonin) in glucose transport, intermediary carbohydrate metabolism and helminth neurobiology -- 3 What are the functions of the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the parasitic nematodes? -- 4 The physiological significance of Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone reductase) in respiratory adaptation -- 5 Oxygen and the lower Metazoa -- 6 How do parasitic helminths use and survive oxygen and oxygen metabolites? -- 7 Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in adult schistosomes: a reappraisal -- 8 Using carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to study helminth metabolism -- 9 Detoxification reactions in parasitic helminths -- 10 Parasite transport and inactivation functions involved in antiparasitic efficacy -- 11 The molecular biology of drug resistance in parasitic helminths -- 12 Comparative biochemistry of parasites and its role in drug resistance-an investigation of species differences in tubulin -- 13 Systemic effects of helminth infections as revealed by serum LDH isozymes and kinetic parameters of transport (Vmax and K1) of the host tissue -- Helminth index.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400911413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Measurement -- Integrated fermentor sampling and analysis -- Measurement of biological reaction rates using advanced pH control systems -- Morphological measurements on filamentous microorganisms by image analysis -- Reconciliation of measurement data in fermentation using on-line expert system -- Glucose biosensors for the study and control of bakers compressed yeast production -- Computer controlled system for on-line monitoring of a fermentation process -- 2: Modelling I -- Structured modelling of bioreactor systems -- Mathematical simulation of anaerobic stratified biofilm processes -- A new approach for development of structured growth models -- Modelling secondary metabolite production — case pleuromulin -- Modelling of kinetics, mass transfer and mixing phenomena in 45, 450 and 4500 L tank fermenters -- A software tool for fermentation modelling -- Hydrodynamic and kinetic modelling of a flocculating bioreactor with cell recycle -- Modelling and simulation of naphthalene to salicylic acid fermentation process -- 3: Modelling II — System Identification, Parmeter and State Estimation -- An introduction to system identification, parameter and state estimation -- Expert system approach to recognize the state of fermentation and to diagnose faults in bioreactors -- Toward a systematic method for the generalization of fermentation data -- Adaptive inferential estimation and its application to biomass control -- Experimental validation of a methodology for on-line state estimation in bioreactors -- Optimal feeding strategy for identification of Monod-type models by fed-batch experiments -- Identification of a simulated continuous yeast fermentation -- Structured modelling and parameter identification of budding yeast populations -- Parameter estimation of kinetics and modelling in methanogenic fermentation of Methanosarcina barkeri -- On-line estimation of cell mass using an extended Kalman filter -- Observability by pH in bioprocesses -- 4: Control I -- Process controlled temperature induction during batch fermentations for recombinant DNA products -- Application of an expert system to the operation and control of industrial antibiotic fermentation process -- IBE fermentation control -- Improvement of the penicillin production in bench-scale reactors by on-line measurement, data evaluation and parameter-adaptive control -- On-line parameter identification and computer control of an anaerobic waste water treatment process -- On experiences with expert systems in the control of bioreactors -- Intelligent purification of monoclonal antibodies -- 5: Control II -- A fed-batch process for pullulanase production -- A new approach for the control of baker’s yeast fed-batch fermentation -- Lyapunov design of convergent adaptive controllers for a class of multilinear systems arising from biotechnological applications -- A new nonlinear adaptive approach to automatic control of bioprocesses -- Adaptive algorithm for estimation and control of fed-batch bioprocesses -- Modelling and control of polygalacturonase production from Kluyveromyces marxianus -- Nonlinear estimation and adaptive control of a fed-batch fermentor -- Sensitivity analysis in static optimization of fermentation plants -- Maximum production of glutathione in fed-batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 6: Data Management -- Management of process control data for bio-process analysis -- Data handling for fermentation development — an industrial approach -- On-line monitoring of the response of a fermentation process to nutrient additions -- A modelling approach to trouble diagnosis by multilevel fuzzy functions and its application -- Model based optimization of a SCP fermentation process -- Adaptive monitoring of bioreactor contamination -- PC-based on-line estimation of derived variables -- The use of carbon dioxide evolution rate in consistency checking other fermenter sensor outputs -- Using the downhill Simplex method to fit complex rate equations to data -- Fermentation fault diagnosis using analytical redundancy -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Richard Fox Chairman, Scientific Programme Committee Between 25th and 29th September, 1988, 243 people who either apply or research the use of computers in fermentation gathered together at Robinson College, Cambridge, UK. They came from 30 countries. The conference brought together two traditions. Firstly, it continued the series on Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology (ICCAFT) inaugurated by Henri Blanchere in Dijon in 1973 and carried forward in Philadelphia and Manchester. Secondly, it brought the expertise of the many members of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), who focused their attention on biotechnology at Noordwijkerhout in the Netherlands in December, 1985. I am happy to say that the tradition carries on and a successor meeting will hopefully take place in the USA in 1991. If you find these proceedings useful or stimulating, then we hope to see you there. We set out to make ICCAFT4 a close-knit friendly conference. We housed all who cared to in Robinson College itself and organised no parallel sessions. Because we, the organisers, experience difficulty with the jargon of our colleagues from other disciplines, we asked Bruce Beck to present a breakfast tutorial on modern control and modelling techniques, and we set up informal panel discussions after dinner on two evenings. Neville Fish chaired a forum on the microbiological principles behind models, while Professors Derek Linkens and Ron Leigh led a discussion on expert systems in control.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: MeasurementIntegrated fermentor sampling and analysis -- Measurement of biological reaction rates using advanced pH control systems -- Morphological measurements on filamentous microorganisms by image analysis -- Reconciliation of measurement data in fermentation using on-line expert system -- Glucose biosensors for the study and control of bakers compressed yeast production -- Computer controlled system for on-line monitoring of a fermentation process -- 2: Modelling I -- Structured modelling of bioreactor systems -- Mathematical simulation of anaerobic stratified biofilm processes -- A new approach for development of structured growth models -- Modelling secondary metabolite production - case pleuromulin -- Modelling of kinetics, mass transfer and mixing phenomena in 45, 450 and 4500 L tank fermenters -- A software tool for fermentation modelling -- Hydrodynamic and kinetic modelling of a flocculating bioreactor with cell recycle -- Modelling and simulation of naphthalene to salicylic acid fermentation process -- 3: Modelling II - System Identification, Parmeter and State Estimation -- An introduction to system identification, parameter and state estimation -- Expert system approach to recognize the state of fermentation and to diagnose faults in bioreactors -- Toward a systematic method for the generalization of fermentation data -- Adaptive inferential estimation and its application to biomass control -- Experimental validation of a methodology for on-line state estimation in bioreactors -- Optimal feeding strategy for identification of Monod-type models by fed-batch experiments -- Identification of a simulated continuous yeast fermentation -- Structured modelling and parameter identification of budding yeast populations -- Parameter estimation of kinetics and modelling in methanogenic fermentation of Methanosarcina barkeri -- On-line estimation of cell mass using an extended Kalman filter -- Observability by pH in bioprocesses -- 4: Control I -- Process controlled temperature induction during batch fermentations for recombinant DNA products -- Application of an expert system to the operation and control of industrial antibiotic fermentation process -- IBE fermentation control -- Improvement of the penicillin production in bench-scale reactors by on-line measurement, data evaluation and parameter-adaptive control -- On-line parameter identification and computer control of an anaerobic waste water treatment process -- On experiences with expert systems in the control of bioreactors -- Intelligent purification of monoclonal antibodies -- 5: Control II -- A fed-batch process for pullulanase production -- A new approach for the control of baker’s yeast fed-batch fermentation -- Lyapunov design of convergent adaptive controllers for a class of multilinear systems arising from biotechnological applications -- A new nonlinear adaptive approach to automatic control of bioprocesses -- Adaptive algorithm for estimation and control of fed-batch bioprocesses -- Modelling and control of polygalacturonase production from Kluyveromyces marxianus -- Nonlinear estimation and adaptive control of a fed-batch fermentor -- Sensitivity analysis in static optimization of fermentation plants -- Maximum production of glutathione in fed-batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 6: Data Management -- Management of process control data for bio-process analysis -- Data handling for fermentation development - an industrial approach -- On-line monitoring of the response of a fermentation process to nutrient additions -- A modelling approach to trouble diagnosis by multilevel fuzzy functions and its application -- Model based optimization of a SCP fermentation process -- Adaptive monitoring of bioreactor contamination -- PC-based on-line estimation of derived variables -- The use of carbon dioxide evolution rate in consistency checking other fermenter sensor outputs -- Using the downhill Simplex method to fit complex rate equations to data -- Fermentation fault diagnosis using analytical redundancy -- Author Index.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400919068
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 212 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics
    Abstract: 1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions -- 2. An Overview of the Book -- 1: Problems with Rule Descriptions of Language -- 1. Three Basic Types of Language Behavior -- 2. Empirical Problems -- 3. Conceptual Problems -- 2: An Analogical Approach -- 1. An Overview of the Analogical Model -- 2. Constructing the Analogical Set for a Given Context -- 3. The Exponential Effect in a Saturated Deterministic Field -- 4. Predicting the Three Basic Behaviors Analogically -- 3: Three Examples from English -- 1. Specifying the Data Set -- 2. Categorical Behavior: The Indefinite Article -- 3. Exceptional/Regular Behavior: Spelling Initial /h/ -- 4. Idiosyncratic Behavior: Voicing Onset Time -- 4: Predicting Non-Deterministic Language Variation -- 1. Learning Probabilities -- 2. McClelland and Rumelhart’s Connectionist Approach -- 3. Imperfect Memory and Multivariate Predictions -- 4. Rule Approaches to Language Variation -- 5. Sociolinguistic Variation in Arabic -- 5: Analogical Predictions of the Past Tense in Finnish -- 1. An Overview of the Verb Types -- 2. The Past Tense in Standard Finnish -- 3. Variation in the Past Tense -- 4. Properties of an Analogically Predicted Past Tense Form -- 5. Predicting the Past Tense for Infrequent Verbs -- 6. Predicting the Past Tense for Verbs in the Data Set -- 7. Historical Drift of the Past Tense -- 8. A Note on the Historical Development -- 6: Conclusion -- 1. Massively Parallel Processing of Analogical Sets -- 2. A Final Analogy -- References -- Appendix 1: Symbols for the Phonemes of English -- Appendix 2: Data Sets -- 1. The Indefinite Article in English -- 2. Spelling of Initial /h/ in English -- 3. Categorical Determination of /b,p/ in English -- 4. Terms of Address in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic -- 5. Past Tense in Finnish -- Appendix 3: Pascal Program.
    Abstract: 1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions ONE important purpose of this book is to compare two completely dif­ ferent approaches to describing language. The first of these approaches, commonly called stnlctllralist, is the traditional method for describing behavior. Its methods are found in many diverse fields - from biological taxonomy to literary criticism. A structuralist description can be broadly characterized as a system of classification. The fundamental question that a structuralist description attempts to answer is how a general contextual space should be partitioned. For each context in the partition, a rule is defined. The rule either specifies the behavior of that context or (as in a taxonomy) assigns a name to that context. Structuralists have implicitly assumed that descriptions of behavior should not only be correct, but should also minimize the number of rules and permit only the simplest possible contextual specifications. It turns out that these intuitive notions can actually be derived from more fundamental statements about the uncertainty of rule systems. Traditionally, linguistic analyses have been based on the idea that a language is a system of rules. Saussure, of course, is well known as an early proponent of linguistic structuralism, as exemplified by his characterization of language as "a self-contained whole and principle of classification" (Saussure 1966:9). Yet linguistic structuralism did not originate with Saussure - nor did it end with "American structuralism".
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions2. An Overview of the Book -- 1: Problems with Rule Descriptions of Language -- 1. Three Basic Types of Language Behavior -- 2. Empirical Problems -- 3. Conceptual Problems -- 2: An Analogical Approach -- 1. An Overview of the Analogical Model -- 2. Constructing the Analogical Set for a Given Context -- 3. The Exponential Effect in a Saturated Deterministic Field -- 4. Predicting the Three Basic Behaviors Analogically -- 3: Three Examples from English -- 1. Specifying the Data Set -- 2. Categorical Behavior: The Indefinite Article -- 3. Exceptional/Regular Behavior: Spelling Initial /h/ -- 4. Idiosyncratic Behavior: Voicing Onset Time -- 4: Predicting Non-Deterministic Language Variation -- 1. Learning Probabilities -- 2. McClelland and Rumelhart’s Connectionist Approach -- 3. Imperfect Memory and Multivariate Predictions -- 4. Rule Approaches to Language Variation -- 5. Sociolinguistic Variation in Arabic -- 5: Analogical Predictions of the Past Tense in Finnish -- 1. An Overview of the Verb Types -- 2. The Past Tense in Standard Finnish -- 3. Variation in the Past Tense -- 4. Properties of an Analogically Predicted Past Tense Form -- 5. Predicting the Past Tense for Infrequent Verbs -- 6. Predicting the Past Tense for Verbs in the Data Set -- 7. Historical Drift of the Past Tense -- 8. A Note on the Historical Development -- 6: Conclusion -- 1. Massively Parallel Processing of Analogical Sets -- 2. A Final Analogy -- References -- Appendix 1: Symbols for the Phonemes of English -- Appendix 2: Data Sets -- 1. The Indefinite Article in English -- 2. Spelling of Initial /h/ in English -- 3. Categorical Determination of /b,p/ in English -- 4. Terms of Address in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic -- 5. Past Tense in Finnish -- Appendix 3: Pascal Program.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789400925564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The how -- 1: “Translating” unexpected phenomena into the right physical problems -- II: The what -- 2: Early research at Leiden and some of its methodological implications -- 3: Superconductivity: the paradox that was not -- 4: Superfluidity: old concepts in search of new contexts -- III: The therefore -- 5: (Re-)reading the developments -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book is primarily about the methodological questions involved in attempts to understand two of the most peculiar phenomena in physics, both occurring at the lowest of temperatures. Superconductivity (the disappearance of electrical resistance) and superfluidity (the total absence of viscosity in liquid helium) are not merely peculiar in their own right. Being the only macroscopic quantum phenomena they also manifest a sudden and dramatic change even in those properties which have been amply used within the classical framework and which were thought to be fully understood after the advent of quantum theory. A few years ago we set ourselves the task of carrying out a methodological study of the "most peculiar" phenomena in physics and trying to understand the process by which an observed (rather than predicted) new phenomenon gets "translated" into a physical problem. We thought the best way of deciding which phenomena to choose was to rely on our intuitive notion about the "degrees of peculiarity" developed, no doubt, during the past ten years of active research in theoretical atomic and elementary particle physics. While the merits of the different candidates were compared, we were amazed to realize that neither the phenomena of the very small nor those of the very large could compete with the phenomena of the very cold. These were truly remarkable phenomena if for no other reason than for the difficulties encountered in merely describing them.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Greek Philosophers on Euthanasia and Suicide -- A Historical Introduction to Jewish Casuistry on Suicide and Euthanasia -- Suicide and Early Christian Values -- The Ethics of Suicide in the Renaissance and Reformation -- Suicide in the Age of Reason -- Sanctity of Life and Suicide: Tensions and Developments within Common Morality -- Death by Free Choice: Modern Variations on an Antique Theme.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 26
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Founders -- Marvin Farber and Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Fritz Kaufmann’s Aesthetics -- Fritz Kaufmann’s Literary Aesthetics as Defined by His Study of Thomas Mann -- Moritz Geiger and Aesthetics -- The Place of Alfred Schütz in Phenomenology and His Contribution to the Phenomenological Movement in North America -- Into Alfred Schütz’s World -- John Wild and Phenomenology -- John Wild and the Life-World -- The Legacy of Dorion Cairns and Aron Gurwitsch: A Letter to Future Historians -- II. Current Contributors -- A. The Elder Statesmen -- John M. Anderson -- Harold A. Durfee -- Joseph J. Kockelmans -- Dallas Laskey -- Herbert Spiegelberg -- Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- B. The First Generation -- Mary-Rose Barral -- Joseph Catalano -- John J. Compton -- Bernard P. Dauenhauer -- James M. Edie -- Manfred S. Frings -- Patrick A. Heelan -- Don Ihde -- Eugene F. Kaelin -- Frederick I. Kersten -- Theodore Kisiel -- Erazim Kohák -- Thomas Langan -- Alphonso Lingis -- Angel Medina -- Algis Mickunas -- Jitendra Nath Mohanty -- Henry Pietersma -- Calvin O. Schrag -- Hans Seigfried -- Robert D. Sweeney -- Bruce Wilshire -- Richard Zaner -- C. The New Wave -- Harold Alderman -- Richard E. Aquila -- Linda A. Bell -- John Brough -- Ronald Bruzina -- John D. Caputo -- Richard Cobb-Stevens -- Veda Cobb-Stevens -- Martin C. Dillon -- Frederick Allen Elliston -- Lester E. Embree -- Harrison B. Hall -- David Michael Levin -- Gary Brent Madison -- James L. Marsh -- William Leon McBride -- Gilbert T. Null -- Clyde Pax -- Harry P. Reeder -- Robert C. Scharff -- Hugh J. Silverman -- David Woodruff Smith -- Robert C. Solomon -- Dallas Willard -- D. Interdisciplinary Cohorts -- Erling Eng -- Eugene T. Gendlin -- Amedeo Peter Giorgi -- Michael J. Hyde -- Marlies E. Kronegger -- Richard L. Lanigan -- George Psathas -- Beverly Schlack Randles -- Hans H. Rudnick -- John Scudder -- Kurt H.Wolff.
    Abstract: THEODORE KISIEL Date of birth: October 30,1930. Place of birth: Brackenridge, Pennsylvania. Date of institution of highest degree: PhD. , Duquesne University, 1962. Academic appointments: University of Dayton; Canisius College; Northwestern University; Duquesne University; Northern Illinois University. I first left the university to pursue a career in metallurgical research and nuclear technology. But I soon found myself drawn back to the uni­ versity to 'round out' an overly specialized education. It was along this path that I was 'waylaid' into philosophy by teachers like H. L. Van Breda and Bernard Boelen. The philosophy department at Duquesne University was then (1958-1962) a veritable "little Louvain," and the Belgian-Dutch connection exposed me to (among other visiting scholars) Jean Ladriere and Joe Kockelmans, who planted the seeds which eventually led me to the hybrid discipline of a hermeneutics of natural science, and prompted me soon after graduation to make the first of numerous extended visits to Belgium and Germany. The endeavor to learn French and German led me to the task of translating the phenomenological literature bearing especially on natural science and on Heidegger. The talk in the sixties was of a "continental divide" in philosophy between Europe and the Anglo-American world. But in designing my courses in the philosophy of science, I naturally gravitated to the works of Hanson, Kuhn, Polanyi and Toulmin without at first fully realizing why I felt such a strong kinship with them, beyond their common anti­ positivism.
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  • 52
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 433 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Pragmatism
    Abstract: One The Method of Phenomenological Reductions -- “Wir wollen auf den ‘Sachen selbst’ zurückgehen” -- 1. The Transcendental Phenomenological Reductions -- 2. Specific Transcendental Phenomenological Procedures -- 3. Further Transcendental Procedures -- 4. The Order of Transcendental Phenomenological inquiry That Wills to Return to the “Things Themselves” -- Two Transcendental Phenomenology of Space, Time, Other -- The Problem, Plan and Historical Setting of the Constitution of Space and Time -- 5. Transcendental Phenomenological Unbuilding to the Tactually, Visually, and Auditorily Presented in Prespace -- 6. Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of Quasi-Objective Space In Primary Passivity -- 7. The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of Phantom Quasi-objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological ‘Deduction’ of Space -- 8. The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of primordial Quasi-objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological “Deduction” of Time -- 9. Time, Space, Other -- Notes -- List of Works Cited.
    Abstract: This book has two parts. The first part is chiefly concerned with critically establishing the universally necessary order of the various steps of transcendental phenomenological method; the second part provides specific cases of phenomenological analysis that illustrate and test the method established in the first part. More than this, and perhaps even more important in the long run, the phenomeno­ logical analyses reported in the second part purport a foundation for drawing phenomenological-philosophical conclusions about prob­ lems of space perception, "other minds," and time perception. The non-analytical, that is, the literary, sources of this book are many. Principal among them are the writings of Husserl (which will be accorded a special methodological function) as well as the writings of his students of the Gottingen and Freiburg years. Of the latter especially important are the writings and, when memory serves, the lectures of Dorion Cairns and Aron Gurwitsch. Of the former especially significant are the writings of Heinrich Hofmann, Wilhelm Schapp, and Hedwig COlilrad-Martius.
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Ethics ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Practical Problems -- Cybernetics, Culpability, and Risk: Automatic Launch and Accidental War -- Catastrophic Possibilities of Space-Based Defense -- Judgment and Policy: The Two-Step in Mandated Science and Technology -- II Historical Dimensions -- Skull’s Darkroom: The Camera Obscura and Subjectivity -- Workplace Democracy for Teachers: John Dewey’s Contribution -- Doing and Making in a Democracy: Dewey’s Experience of Technology -- Pragmatism, Praxis, and the Technological -- III International and Intergenerational Perspectives -- Philosophy of Technology in China -- Design Methodology: A Personal Statement -- Responsibility and Future Generations: A Constructivist Model -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The corps of philosophers who make up the Society for Philosophy & Technology has now been collaborating, in one fashion or another, for almost fifteen years. In addition, the number of philosophers, world-wide, who have begun to focus their analytical skills on technology and related social problems grows increasingly every year. {It would certainly swell the ranks if all of them joined the Society!) It seems more than ap­ propriate, in this context, to publish a miscellaneous volume that em­ phasizes the extraordinary range and diversity of contemporary contribu­ tions to the philosophical understanding of the exceedingly complex phenomenon that is modern technology. My thanks, once again, to the anonymous referees who do so much to maintain standards for the series. And thanks also to the secretaries - Mary Imperatore and Dorothy Milsom - in the Philosophy Department at the University of Delaware; their typing and retyping of the MSS, and especially notes and references, also contributes to keeping our standards high. PAUL T. DURBIN vii Paul T. Durbin (ed.), Philosophy ofT echnology, p. vii.
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 42
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Note on references to the works of Thomas Reid -- Section 1 - Perception -- Reids Attack on the Theory of Ideas -- Reid on Perception and Conception -- The Theory of Sensations -- Reids View of Sensations Vindicated -- Sensation, Perception and Reids Realism -- Reids Opposition to the Theory of Ideas -- Thomas Reid on the Five Senses -- Section 2 - Knowledge and Common Sense -- Reid on Evidence and Conception -- The Defence of Common Sense in Reid and Moore -- The Scottish Kant? -- Did Reid Hold Coherentist Views? -- Reid and Peirce on Belief -- Reid on Testimony -- Section 3 - Mind and Action -- Making Out the Signatures: Reids Account of the Knowledge of Other Minds -- Causality and Agency in the Philosophy of Thomas Reid -- Reid, Scholasticism and Current Philosophy of Mind -- Section 4 - Aesthetics, Moral and Political Philosophy -- Seeing (and so forth) is Believing(among other things); on the Significance of Reid in the History of Aesthetics -- Reid versus Hume: a Dilemma in the Theory of Moral Worth -- Reid and Active Virtue -- Thomas Reid on Justice: A Rights-Based Theory -- Taking Upon Oneself a Character: Reid on Political Obligation -- Section 5 - Historical Context and Influences -- Thomas Reid and Pneumatology: the Text of the Old, the Tradition of the New -- Reid in the Philosophical Society -- Common Sense and the Association of Ideas; the Reid-Priestley Controversy -- Reid on Hypotheses and the Ether: a Reassessment -- The Role of Thomas Reids Philosophy in Science and Technology: the Case of W.J.M. Rankine -- George Jardines Course in Logic and Rhetoric: an Application of Thomas Reids Common Sense Philosophy -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Note on references to the works of Thomas Reid 5 SECTION 1 - Perception Yves Michaud (University of Paris, France) 9 'Reid's Attack on the Theory of Ideas' William P. Alston (Syracuse University, U. S. A. ) 35 'Reid on Perception and Conception' Vere Chappell (University of Massachusetts, U. S. A. ) 49 'The Theory of Sensations' Norton Nelkin (University of New Orleans, U. S. A. ) 65 'Reid's View of Sensations Vindicated' A. E. Pitson (University of Stirling, Scotland) 79 'Sensation, Perception and Reid's Realism' Aaron Ben-Zeev (University of Haifa, Israel) 91 'Reid's Opposition to the Theory of Ideas' Michel Malherbe (University of Nantes, France) 103 'Thomas Reid on the Five Senses' SECTION 2 - Knowledge and COlIIOOn Sense Keith Lehrer (University of Arizona, U. S. A. ) 121 'Reid on Evidence and Conception' Dennis Charles Holt (Southeast Missouri State 145 University, U. S. A. ) 'The Defence of Common Sense in Reid and Moore' T. J. Sutton (University of Oxford, England) 159 'The Scottish Kant?' Daniel Schulthess (university of Berne, Switzerland) 193 'Did Reid Hold Coherentist Views?' VI Claudine Engel-Tiercelin (University of Rouen, France) 205 'Reid and Peirce on Belief' C. A. J. Coady (University of Melbourne, Australia) 225 'Reid on Testimony' SECTION 3 - Mind and Action James Somerville (University of Hull, England) 249 'Making out the Signatures: Reid's Account of the Knowledge of Other Minds' R. F.
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 What Is Constructing Test Items? -- What This Book Is About -- Major Purposes Of This Book -- Why This Information Is Important -- Persons For Whom This Book Is Intended -- Overview Of The Remaining Chapters -- How To Approach the Chapters -- 2 Definition, Purpose, And Characteristics of Items -- Defining A Test Item -- Test Item Nomenclature -- Purpose For Test Items -- Criteria For Good Test Items -- Assumptions For Test Items -- Classification Of Items -- Conclusion -- 3 Determining the Content For Items: Validity -- Basic Concepts of Validity -- The Relationship Between Constructing Test Items and Validity -- Conditions For Items To Contribute To Validity -- Initial Considerations When Selecting Content For Items -- Achieving Clarity In A Test’s Content -- Developing Test Content Specifications -- Melding Cognitive Processing Levels With Items Content -- Test Item Specifications -- Making An Item Consistent With Its Specification -- Conclusion -- 4 Starting To Write Items: Practical Considerations -- The Importance Of Good Writing In Test Items -- Sources For Information On Writing Style -- Using Taxonomies In Writing Items -- Distinctness Between Stem and Response Alternatives -- Importance Of An Interrogative Stem -- Determining The Correct Response For Test Items -- Determining The Optimal Number Of Response Alternatives -- Making Response Alternatives Plausible -- Use Of All Of The Above Or None Of The Above As Response Alternatives -- Using Specific Determiners In Test Items -- Constructing Complex Response Alternatives -- Time Examinees Need To Respond To Items -- Conclusion -- 5 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in the Multiple-Choice Format -- Understanding The Multiple-Choice Item Format -- Advantages and Criticisms Of Items In The Multiple-Choice Format -- Editorial Format For Items -- Using Directions Correctly -- Specialized Style Rules For Multiple-Choice Items -- Type Characteristics and Page Layout -- Conclusion -- 6 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in Other Common Formats -- Precision In Wording, Again -- Understanding Items In The True-False Format -- Understanding Items In The Matching Format -- Understanding Short-Answer AndSentence-Completion Items -- Understanding Cloze-Procedure -- Conclusion -- 7 Judging the Quality Of Test Items: Item Analysis -- Measurement Error -- Understanding Item Analysis -- Validating The Content Of Items -- Using Leading Questions In Item Analysis -- Item Statistics -- Item Parameters -- Item Bias -- Conclusion -- 8 Ethical, Legal Considerations, and Final Remarks for Item Writers -- Ethical Concerns For Item Writers -- Concluding Comments About Constructing Test Items -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789400910034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 10
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- Organisms, Vital Forces, and Machines: Classical Controversies and the Contemporary Discussion ‘Reductionism vs. Holism’ -- Epistemological Reductionism in Biology: Intuitions, Explications, and Objections -- Sociobiology an Reductionism -- The Mind-Body Problem: Some Neurobiological Reflections -- Is the Program of Molecular Biology Reductionistic? -- The Variance Allocation Hypothesis of Stasis Punctuation -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The present volume aims at giving a discussion ot the problems ot reductionism in contemporary life sciences. It contains six papers which deals with reduction/reductionism in different fields ot biological research. Also, the holistic perspective, 1. e. the systems view, is discussed in some ot the papers. The message ot this discussion Is that - whereas reductionism is indeed an important strategy - the systems approach is needed. It is argued by some ot the authors that organisms are complex systems and not just heaps of molecules, 50 that the analytical method does not suffice. Recent developments in systems theory offer the possibility to install a more comprehensive view ot living systems what can be seen particularly in the field ot evolutionary biology. It is true that any organismic activity is molecular, this is to say that it is based on molecular mechanisms. But it is also true that the whole organism displays certain patterns ot behavior which are not just molecular. Any organism can be described as a system ot different levels ot organization different levels ot order and complexity - and it is important, theretore, to study all ot the organizational levels and to see their peculiarities. It should be obvious, however, that there is not one problem ot reduction/reductionism, but that there are many problems linked together and that these problems appear at different levels ot biological research and bio­ philosophical reflections.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789400924239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 208
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Reconstruction of the history of medieval and (post-) Cartesian theories of perception in terms of the negative heuristics of their respective research programs. Basic epistemological contrasts -- III. The formation of competing optical traditions in early and late antiquity -- (1) The various ‘optical’ research traditions in early and late antiquity represent rival research programs into the theory of visual perception -- (2) The Aristotelian theory of vision -- (3) The Stoic-Galenic tradition -- (4) The geometrical tradition -- IV. The Identity Postulate at work in various research programs in the theory of vision during late antiquity and during the Arab and European Middle Ages -- (1) The Identity Postulate at work in the Stoic-Galenic theory of vision -- (2) The Identity Postulate at work in the geometrical tradition in the theory of vision -- (3) The Identity Postulate at work in Alhazen’s theory of vision -- (4) The Identity Postulate reinforced by the Baconian-Alhazenian synthesis in optical theory. Internal explanations facilitated by the proposed rational reconstruction -- (5) The internal disintegration of the research program defined by the Identity Postulate during the 16th century -- V. The mathematization of physics and the mechanization of the world-picture gradually prepared in the development of medieval optics rather than in that of terrestrial or celestial mechanics -- VI. Mechanicism and the rise of an information theory of perception. A naturalistic reconstruction of (post-) Cartesian epistemology -- (1) Keplerian dioptrics, Cartesian mechanicism, and the rise of justificationist methodologies -- (2) Complete demonstration in science impossible. The need of conjectural theories affirmed -- (3) Ambivalence towards any alleged sources of ‘immediate’ knowledge. Epistemology founded on an empirical theory of the senses and the mind -- (4) The rise of an information theory of perception. Internal tensions of the representationist research program -- (5) The representationist research program -- (6) Malebranche and the Cartesian research program into optical epistemology -- (7) Conclusion -- VII. Epistemological issues underlying the nineteenth century controversies in physiological optics. The Helmholtzian Program -- (1) The 18th century. Rationalist and empiricist developments. Cross-fertilizations of originally competing programs -- (2) The Helmholtzian research program into the theory of perception. The true logic of discovery revealed by rational reconstruction of the grand movement of intellectual history rather than by ‘faithful’ intellectual biographies -- (3) The relevance of German Romanticism to the Helmholtzian program -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of subliminal cognitive activity -- (5) Helmholtz’s research program contrasted with competing epistemological programs -- VIII. The interplay between philosophy and physiology in Helmholtz’s view -- (1) Helmholtz’s conception of philosophy in historical perspective -- (2) Müller’s Principle of Specific Sense Energies -- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of color vision -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of physiological acoustics -- (5) The philosophical significance of the Principle of Specific Sense Energies -- IX. Helmholtz’s theory of the perception of space -- (1) Sensation and perception -- (2) The general idea of space and perceptual localization -- (3) The intuitionist theories of Müller and Hering -- (4) Helmholtz’s empirical theory of perception -- (5) Methodological arguments in defense of the empirical theory of perception -- (6) The philosophical significance of the intuitionist-empiricist controversy -- (7) The general idea of space -- X. Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inferences -- (1) The need of an empirical non-introspective psychology -- (2) Helmholtz’s theory not a mechanistic theory, but a truly cognitive theory of information processing -- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of a continuum of cognitive functions beyond the edge of consciousness and beyond the grasp of verbal articulation -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory dogmatically dismissed by the twentieth century ban on psychologism. Yet his cognitive theory superior as compared to traditional alternatives -- (5) The synthetic functions of subconscious mental operations according to 19th and 20th century theoretical developments. The problem of realism -- XI. The epistemological outcome of Helmholtz’s naturalism. Hypothetical realism -- (1) Helmholtz’s novel theory of causality in its relation to Kant, Reid and traditional empiricism -- (2) Lack of an adequate psychology. Weaknesses of Helmholtz’s theory -- List of abbreviations.
    Abstract: Cognitive science, in Howard Gardner's words, has a relatively short history but a very long past. While its short history has been the subject of quite a few studies published in recent years, the current book focuses instead on its very long past. It explores the emergence of the conceptual framework that was necessary to make the rise of modem cognitive science possible in the first place. Over the long course of the history of the theory of perception and of cognition, various conceptual breakthroughs can be discerned that have contributed significantly to the conception of the mind as a physical symbol system with intricate representational capacities and unimaginably rich computational resources. In historical retrospect such conceptual transitions-seemingly sudden and unannounced-are typically foreshadowed in the course of enduring research programs that serve as slowly developing theoretical con­ straint structures gradually narrowing down the apparent solution space for the scientific problems at hand. Ultimately the fundamental problem is either resolved to the satisfaction of the majority of researchers in the area of investigation, or else-and much more commonly-one or more of the major theoretical constraints is abandoned or radically modified, giving way to entirely new theoretical vistas. In the history of the theory of perception this process can be witnessed at vari­ ous important junctures.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789400911710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (733p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 167
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computational linguistics. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: to Volume IV -- IV.I Quantifiers in Formal and Natural Languages -- IV.2 Property Theories -- IV.3 Philosophical Perspectives on Formal Theories of Predication -- IV.4 Mass Expressions -- IV.5 Reference and Information Content: Names and Descriptions -- IV.6 Indexicals -- IV.7 Propositional Attitudes -- IV.8 Tense and Time -- IV.9 Presupposition -- IV.10 Semantics and the Liar Paradox -- Name Index -- Table of Contents to Volume I, II, and III.
    Abstract: conceptual, realist) theories of predication. Chapter IV.4 centers on an important class of expressions used for predication in connection with quantities: mass expressions. This chapter reviews the most well-known approaches to mass terms and the ontological proposals related to them. In addition to quantification and predication, matters of reference have constituted the other overriding theme for semantic theories in both philosophical logic and the semantics of natural languages. Chapter IV.5 of how the semantics of proper names and descrip­ presents an overview tions have been dealt with in recent theories of reference. Chapter IV.6 is concerned with the context-dependence of reference, in particular, with the semantics of indexical expressions. The topic of Chapter IV.7 is related to predication as it surveys some of the central problems of ascribing propositional attitudes to agents. Chap­ ter IV.8 deals with the analysis of the main temporal aspects of natural language utterances. Together these two chapters give a good indication of the intricate complexities that arise once modalities of one or the other sort enter on the semantic stage. in philosophical Chapter IV.9 deals with another well-known topic logic: presupposition, an issue on the borderline of semantics and prag­ matics. The volume closes with an extensive study of the Liar paradox and its many implications for the study of language (as for example, self­ reference, truth concepts and truth definitions).
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926011
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Ethics ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: of Ethics -- 1. Value, Morality and Action: Fact, Theory, and Metatheory -- 2. Basic Schema of Values, Norms and Actions -- 3. Relations between Axiology, Ethics and Action Theory -- 4. The Task -- I Values -- 1. Roots of Values -- 2. Welfare -- 3. Value Theory -- II Morals -- 4. Roots of Morals -- 5. Morality Changes -- 6. Some Moral Issues -- III Ethics -- 7. Types of Ethical Theory -- 8. Ethics Et Alia -- 9. Metaethics -- IV Action Theory -- 10. Action -- 11. Social Philosophy -- 12 Values and Morals for a Viable Future -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The purpose of this Introduction is to sketch our approach to the study of value, morality and action, and to show the place we assign it in the system of human knowledge. 1. VALUE, MORALITY AND ACTION: FACT, THEORY, AND METATHEORY We take it that all animals evaluate some things and some processes, and that some of them learn the social behavior patterns we call 'moral principles', and even act according to them at least some of the time. An animal incapable of evaluating anything would be very short-lived; and a social animal that did not observe the accepted social behavior patterns would be punished. These are facts about values, morals and behavior patterns: they are incorporated into the bodies of animals or the structure of social groups. We distinguish then the facts of valuation, morality and action from the study of such facts. This study can be scientific, philosophic or both. wayan animal evaluates environmental A zoologist may investigate the or internal stimuli; a social psychologist may examine the way children learn, or fail to learn, certain values and norms when placed in certain environments. And a philosopher may study such descriptive or explan­ atory studies, with a view to evaluating valuations, moral norms, or behavior patterns; he may analyze the very concepts of value, morals and action, as well as their cognates; or he may criticize or reconstruct value beliefs, moral norms and action plans.
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Evaluability Assessment: Overview of Process -- 3 Determine Purpose, Secure Commitment, and Identify Work Group Members -- 4 Define Boundaries of Program to be Studied -- 5 Identify and Analyze Program Documents -- 6 Develop/Clarify Program Theory -- 7 Identify and Interview Stakeholders -- 8 Describe Stakeholder Perceptions of Program -- 9 Identify Stakeholder Needs, Concerns, and Differences in Perceptions -- 10 Determine Plausibility of Program Model -- 11 Draw Conclusions and Make Recommendations -- 12 Plan Specific Steps for Utilization of EA Data -- 13 Observations about the Process -- Appendix One The Cooperative Extension System -- Appendix Two Evaluability Assessment of the 4-H Youth Program, Maryland Cooperative Extension Service -- Appendix Three Evaluability Assessment of the Local Government Officials Program, Illinois Cooperative Extension Service -- Appendix Four Evaluability Assessment of the Master Gardener Program, California Cooperative Extension -- References.
    Abstract: My interest in and appreciation for program evaluation began in the early 1970's when conducting a curriculum development research project at the University of Florida's P. K. Y onge Laboratory School. This interest was sparked when it became apparent that testing the success of an education program required more skills than just statistics and research methods. After pursuing additional formal schooling, I embarked on a career featuring educational program evaluation as its central thrust--as a private consultant, later in a university health sciences center involving seven academic colleges, and then in the Cooperative Extension Services of Florida and Maryland. Adding evaluability assessment (EA) to the performance of evaluations, to program development, and to teaching about evaluation has been a significant development for me personally, and I hope to those who have been participants with me in each endeavor. This book grew out of many of these experiences and involved numerous colleagues who made significant contributions. First among these is Dr. George Mayeske, Program Evaluation Specialist, Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. c.
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  • 61
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Hume’s Analysis of Causation in Relation to His Analysis of Miracles -- 1. Hume’s Account of A Posteriori Reasoning -- 2. Miracles and Reasoning based on Experience -- 3. The Indian and The Ice: Understanding and Rejecting Hume’s Argument -- 4. A Better But Less Interesting Humean Argument -- 5. Miracles and The Logical Entailment Analysis of Causation -- 6. Are Miracles Violations of Laws of Nature? -- Notes to Part I -- II Can Anyone Ever Know That a Miracle Has Occurred? -- 7. What Is Involved In Knowing That a Miracle has Occurred? -- 8. Hume’s Account of Tillotson and the Alleged “Argument of a Like Nature” -- 9. Testimony and Sensory Evidence: Reasons For Belief in Miracles? -- 10. Tillotson’s Argument: Its Application to Justified Belief in Miracles -- 11. Conclusion: Miracles and Contemporary Epistemology -- Notes to Part II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book developed from sections of my doctoral dissertation, "The Possibility of Religious Knowledge: Causation, Coherentism and Foundationalism," Brown University, 1982. However, it actually had its beginnings much earlier when, as an undergraduate at the University of Virginia, I first read Hume's "Of Miracles" and became interested in it. (Fascinated would be too strong. ) My teacher put the following marginal comment in a paper I wrote about it: "Suppose someone told you that they had been impregnated by an angel whispering into their ear. Wouldn't you think they had gone dotty?" She had spent time in England. I thought about it. I agreed that I would not have believed such testimony, but did not think this had much to do with Hume's argument against belief in miracles. What surprised me even more was the secondary literature. I became convinced that Hume's argument was misunderstood. My main thesis is established in Part I. This explains Hume's argument against justified belief in miracles and shows how it follows from, and is intrinsically connected with, his more general metaphysics. Part II Part I. It should give the reader a more complete understanding builds on of both the structure of Hume's argument and of his crucial and questionable premises. Chapters 5 and 11 are perhaps the most technical in the book, but they are also the least necessary. They can be skipped by the reader who is only interested in Hume on miracles.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789400922570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: I. Ingarden’s Philosophical Work: A Systematic Outline. -- II. The Structure of Artworks. -- III. The Work of Art and Aesthetic Categories According to Ingarden. -- IV. Ingarden’s Theory of Values and the Evaluation of the Work of Art. -- V. Ingarden and the Development of Literary Studies. -- VI. Ingarden, Inscription, and Literary Ontology. -- VII. Ingarden’s and Muka?ovsky’s Binominal Definition of the Literary Work of Art: A Comparative View of Their Ontologies. -- VIII. Literary Truths and Metaphysical Qualities. -- IX. On Ingarden’s Conception of the Musical Composition. -- X. The Sculptural Work of Art: Uniquely ‘Within’ the World. -- XI. Ingarden on the Theatre. -- Appendix. Select Bibliography of the Philosophical Works of Roman Ingarden. Danuta Gierulanka.
    Abstract: Roman Ingarden's very extensive philosophical work in metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, and aesthetics con­ tinues to attract increasing attention both in Poland and in North America. Further work left uncompleted at his death is appearing. Major bibliographies of his work as well as of studies about his work are now in print. Ingar­ den's scattered articles on various questions in philosophy are being collected. And conferences devoted to his work are now held regularly. These diverse activities might suggest a similar diver­ sity in Ingarden's philosophical legacy. But such a sugges­ tion would be misleading. For interest in Ingarden's work has continued to centre on the one area which is arguably at the core of his achievement, namely the complex prob­ lems of aesthetics. In this field Ingarden seemed to pull together his various interests in ontology and epistemology especially. Here he brought those interests to focus on a set of issues that would occupy him creatively throughout the vicissitudes of his long and difficult scholarly life. More­ over, aesthetics is also the field where Ingarden perhaps most succeeded in orchestrating the many themes he owed to his phenomenological training while finally transposing the central issues into something original, something dis­ tinctively his own that philosophers can no longer identify as merely phenomenological. Ingarden's aesthetics not surprisingly has captured the interest today of many scholars in different fields.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 114
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 114
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Style and Idea in the Later Heidegger: Rhetoric, Politics and Philosophy -- II. Nyíri on the Conservatism of Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy -- III. Wittgenstein, Marx and Sociology -- IV. On Edification and Cultural Conversation: A Critique of Rorty -- V. Towards a Wittgensteinian Metaphysics of the Political -- VI. Culture, Controversy and the Human Studies -- VII. The Politics of Conciliation -- VIII. Discussing Technology — Breaking the Ground -- IX. Socialization is Creative Because Creativity is Social -- X. Myth and Certainty -- XI. Self-Deception, Naturalism and Certainty: Prolegomena to a Critical Hermeneutics -- XII. Psychoanalysis: Science, Literature or Art? -- XIII. Between Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment: The Self-Critical Rationalism of G. C. Lichtenberg -- XIV. Tacit Knowledge, Working Life and Scientific Method -- XV. Paradigms, Politics and Persuasion: Sociological Aspects of Musical Controversy -- Afterword with Acknowledgements -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Why did the two most influential philosophers in the twentieth century, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger, write in such a curious fashion that they confused a whole generation of disciples and created a cottage industry for a second generation in the interpretation of their works? Do those curious writing strategies have a philosophical signif­ icance? How does philosophical style reflect attitudes to society and politics or bear significance for the social sciences? Is politics one type of human activity among many other independent ones as the classical modem political theorists from Hobbes and Machiavelli onwards have thought, or is it part and parcel of all of the activities into which an animal that speaks enters? How could the latter be elucidated? If politics arises from legitimate disputes about meanings, what does this imply for current cultural debates? for the so-called social sciences? above all, for that cultural conversation which some consider to be the destiny of philosophy in the wake of the demise of foundationalism? These are a few of the most important questions which led me to the critical confrontation and reflections in the essays collected below.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: On the Nature of Philosophic Historiography -- Historical Analysis and Applied Logic -- Sociology of Knowledge, and Philosophic Understanding as Dialexis or Verstaendigung -- Interpretation, Query, and the Categorization of History -- The Metahistory of Modes in Philosophic Historiography -- II. On the Unity of Systematic Philosophy and History of Philosophy -- III. The Interpretive Turn from Kant to Derrida: A Critique -- Kant: Formal Interpretation Theory -- 19th Century Contextual Interpretation Theory: Hegel and Marx -- Pragmatism and the Development of Contextual Interpretation: John Dewey and C. I. Lewis -- Sociology of Knowledge and the Development of Contextual Interpretation: Mannheim -- Interpretation Theory from Phenomenology to Hermeneutics: Husserl, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer -- Hermeneutics and Critical Theory: The Habermas-Gadamer Debate -- Interpretation as Deconstruction: Derrida -- Why Deconstruction? -- Conclusion -- IV. Intellectual History as a Tool of Philosophy -- The Social Nature of Reflective and Expressive Products -- Some Unphilosophic Uses of Past Philosophies -- Can there be Specialized History of Pure Philosophy? -- V. Hermeneutic Modes, Ancient and Modern -- The Expression of Universal Meanings -- The Expression of Individual Meanings -- The Expression of Physical Meanings -- The Expression of Ideal Meanings -- VI. Derrida and the Question of Philosophy’s History -- The Satiric View of History -- Against Logocentrism -- The Challenge -- VII. Cassirer’s Theory of History -- Cassirer’s Theory of History -- The Function of History: Cassirer’s Idiosyncratic View. Various Views on the Function of History -- Cassirer’s View of How History Functions: Two Ways -- The Materials of a History -- The Ends of History -- Cassirer’s Method -- Historical Objectivity -- Selecting the Facts: Historical Relevance -- Historical Truth -- Historical Causation: Some Confusions about Historical Causation -- How Cassirer Actually Writes History -- Why Hasn’t Cassirer’s Peculiar View of History Been Noticed? -- How Cassirer’s Underlying Assumption Requires his Theory of History to be Idiosyncratic -- An Evaluation of Cassirer -- VIII. The Philosophic Historiography of J. H. Randall -- Philosophy, History and System -- Human Reagents in Cultural Change -- What Distinguishes History of Philosophy from Philosophy -- IX. History and Philosophy of Science: Necessary Partners or Merely Roommates? -- The Attack on Logical Empiricism and the Rise of Historical Relativism -- History of Science and Philosophy of Science, a New Partnership -- Epistemologism, Realism, and Interpretationism -- X. The Eighteenth Century Assumptions of Analytic Aesthetics.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789400923805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 117
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 117
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I. Studies in the History and Methodology of Social and Political Theory -- The Logic of Consensus and of Extremes -- Decision Theory, Political Theory and the Hats Hypothesis -- Negative Utilitarianism -- Metaphysical Individualism -- The Ontology of Explanation -- Reflections on Conceptual Openness and Conceptual Tension -- Stereotypes, Statistics, and Schemata -- Human Rights and the New Circle of Equity -- The Degeneration of Popper’s Theory of Demarcation -- Science as a Particular Mode of Thinking and the ‘Taming of the State’ -- II. Studies in the History and Methodology of the Natural Sciences -- Antilogik? -- Kuhn Studies -- Unfathomed Knowledge in a Bottle -- Watkins’s Evolutionism between Hume and Kant -- The ‘Optimum’ Aim for Science -- Why Both Popper and Watkins Fail to Solve the Problem of Induction -- Saving Science from Scepticism -- John Watkins on the Empirical Basis and the Corroboration of Scientific Theories -- The Unity of Theories -- Appendix: Bibliography of the Published Work of J.W.N. Watkins.
    Abstract: x philosophy when he inaugurated a debate about the principle of methodologi­ cal individualism, a debate which continues to this day, and which has inspired a literature as great as any in contemporary philosophy. Few collections of material in the general area of philosophy of social science would be considered complete unless they contained at least one of Watkins's many contributions to the discussion of this issue. In 1957 Watkins published the flrst of a series of three papers (1957b, 1958d and 196Oa) in which he tried to codify and rehabilitate metaphysics within the Popperian philosophy, placing it somewhere between the analytic and the empirical. He thus signalled the emergence of an important implica­ tion of Popper's thought that had not to that point been stressed by Sir Karl himself, and which marked off his followers from the antimetaphysical ideas of the regnant logical positivists. In 1965 years of work in political philosophy and in the history of philosophy in the seventeenth century were brought to fruition in Watkins's widely cited and admired Hobbes's System of Ideas (1965a, second edition 1973d). This book is an important contribution not just to our understanding of Hobbes's political thinking, but, perhaps more importantly, to our understanding of the way in which a system of ideas is constituted and applied. Watkins built on earlier work in developing an account of Hobbes's ideas in which was revealed and clarifled the unity of Hobbes's metaphysical, epistemological and political ideas.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400909557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Translators (Computer programs) ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Introduction: Learnability and Linguistic Theory -- Learning Theory and Natural Language -- The Plausibility of Rationalism -- On Applying Learnability Theory to the Rationalism-Empiricism Controversy -- On Certain Substitutes for Negative Data -- Markedness and Language Development -- Learning the Periphery -- Some Problems in the Parametric Analysis of Learnability -- From Cognition to Thematic Roles: The Projection Principle as an Acquisition Mechanism -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The impetus for this volume developed from the 1982 University of Western Ontario Learnability Workshop, which was organized by the editors and sponsored by that University's Department of Philosophy and the Centre for Cognitive Science. The volume e~plores the import of learnability theory for contemporary linguistic theory, focusing on foundational learning-theoretic issues associated with the parametrized Government-Binding (G-B) framework. Written by prominent re­ searchers in the field, all but two of the eight contributions are pre­ viously unpublished. The editor's introduction provides an overview that interrelates the separate papers and elucidates the foundational issues addressed by the volume. Osherson, Stob, and Weinstein's "Learning Theory and Natural Language" first appeared in Cognition (1984); Matthews's "The Plausi­ bility of Rationalism" was published in the Journal of Philosophy (1984). The editors would like to thank the publishers for permission to reprint these papers. Mr. Marin Marinov assisted with the preparation of the indices for the volume. VB ROBERT 1. MATTHEWS INTRODUCTION: LEARNABILITY AND LINGUISTIC THEORY 1. INTRODUCTION Formal learning theory, as the name suggests, studies the learnability of different classes of formal objects (languages, grammars, theories, etc.) under different formal models of learning. The specification of such a model, which specifies (a) a learning environment, (b) a learn­ ing strategy, and (c) a criterion for successful learning, determines (d) a class of formal objects, namely, the class that can be acquired to the level of the specified success criterion by a learner implementing the specified strategy in the specified enviroment.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 203
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Concept of Intuition in Mathematics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Knowledge, Evidence, and Intuition -- 3. Intuition “of” and Intuition “that” -- 4. Some Recent Views of Mathematical Intuition -- 5. Hilbert and Bernays -- 6. Parsons -- 7. Brouwer -- 8. Some “Extended” Proof-Theoretic Views -- 9. Gödel on Sets -- 10. Platonism and Constructivism -- 11. Mathematical Truth and Mathematical Knowledge -- 12. Principal Objections to Mathematical Intuition -- 2. The Phenomenological View of Intuition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intentionality and Intuition -- 3. Intuition of Abstract Objects -- 4. Acts of Abstraction and Abstract Objects -- 5. Acts of Reflection -- 6. Types and Degrees of Evidence -- 7. Comparison with Kant -- 8. Intuition and the Theory of Meaning -- 3. Perception -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sequences of Perceptual Acts -- 3. The Horizon of Perceptual Acts -- 4. The Possibilities of Perception -- 5. The “Determinable X” in Perception and Indexicals -- 6. Perceptual Evidence -- 7. Phenomenological Reduction and the Problem of Realism / Idealism -- 4. Mathematical Intuition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Objections About Analogies Between Perceptual and Mathematical Intuition -- 3. Objections Based on Structuralism -- 4. Objections About Founding -- 5. A Logic Compatible With Mathematical Intuition and the Notion of Construction -- 6. Is Classical Mathematics to be Rejected? -- 5. Natural Numbers I -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Concept of Number Cannot Be Explicitly Defined -- 3. The Origin of the Concept of Number -- 4. Intuition of Natural Numbers -- 5. Ordinals -- 6. Ordinals and Cardinals -- 7. Constructing Units and the Role of Reflection and Abstraction -- 8. Syntax and Representations of Numbers -- 6. Natural Numbers II -- 1. Introduction -- 2. 0 and 1 -- 3. Numbers Formed by Arithmetic Operations -- 4. Small Numbers and Singular Statements About Them -- 5. Large Numbers and Mathematical Induction -- 6. The Possibilities of Intuition -- 7. Summary of the Argument for Large Numbers -- 8. Further Comments on Mathematical Induction -- 9. Intuition and Axioms of Elementary Number Theory -- 7. Finite sets -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Theory of Finite Sets -- 3. The Origin of the Concept of Finite Set -- 4. Intuition of Finite Sets -- 5. Comparison with Gödel and Wang -- 6. Unit Sets, the Empty Set, and Mereology vs. Set Theory -- 7. Large Sets and a Hierarchy of Sets -- 8. Illusion in Set Theory -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- 8. Critical Reflections and Conclusion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Summary of the Account -- 3. Areas for Further Work -- 4. Platonism, Constructivism, and Benacerraf’s Dilemma -- Notes.
    Abstract: "Intuition" has perhaps been the least understood and the most abused term in philosophy. It is often the term used when one has no plausible explanation for the source of a given belief or opinion. According to some sceptics, it is understood only in terms of what it is not, and it is not any of the better understood means for acquiring knowledge. In mathematics the term has also unfortunately been used in this way. Thus, intuition is sometimes portrayed as if it were the Third Eye, something only mathematical "mystics", like Ramanujan, possess. In mathematics the notion has also been used in a host of other senses: by "intuitive" one might mean informal, or non-rigourous, or visual, or holistic, or incomplete, or perhaps even convincing in spite of lack of proof. My aim in this book is to sweep all of this aside, to argue that there is a perfectly coherent, philosophically respectable notion of mathematical intuition according to which intuition is a condition necessary for mathemati­ cal knowledge. I shall argue that mathematical intuition is not any special or mysterious kind of faculty, and that it is possible to make progress in the philosophical analysis of this notion. This kind of undertaking has a precedent in the philosophy of Kant. While I shall be mostly developing ideas about intuition due to Edmund Husser! there will be a kind of Kantian argument underlying the entire book.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400924789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 117
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 117
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1 Einleitung: Fragestellung und Lösungsansatz der folgenden Untersuchungen -- 2 Urteilslehre und Widerspruchsfreiheit bei Husserl: Die verschiedenen Schichten möglicher Thematisierung logischer Konsequenz -- 2.1 Konsequenzlehre als Mathematik der Spielregeln -- 2.2 Konseqiienzlogik als dreischichtige (objektiv gerichtete) „Apophantik“ -- 2.3 Konsequenzlogik als Problem subjektiver Evidenz? Der Stellenwert reflexionstheoretischer Erörterungen Husserls für die Bestimmimg „objektiver“ formaler Logik im ersten Abschnitt von FTL -- 3 Kritik des Satzes vom Widerspruch bei Husserl: Das Programm einer Kritik des Satzes vom Widerspruch und seine Einlösung durch die Theorie widerstreitender Erfahrung -- 3.1 Was heißt „Kritik der logischen Prinzipien“? -- 3.2 Die Kritik der logischen Prinzipien in FTL -- 3.3 Zu den methodischen Voraussetzungen des Übergangs FTL/EU -- 3.4 „Widerstreit“ und „Widerspruch“ in EU -- 4 Urteilstheorie und Dialektikkonzept bei Cohn: Zur Bedeutung des Widerspruchs in Ansehung des Urteils als Urteil im Urteilszusammenhang -- 4.1 Hinführung: „Dialektischer Gedankengang“ — „dialektischer Begriff -- 4.2 Das Verhältnis von TD zu den logischen Prinzipien -- 4.3 Cohns Behandlung der logischen Prinzipien im Verhältnis zur Kritik derselben durch Husserl -- 4.4 Utraquismus und Wahrheit -- 4.5 Urteilszusammenhang und Geltungsanspruch. „Objekt“ und „Subjekt“ für das Erkennen als Aufgabe -- 5 Die Reflexionsproblematik innerhalb der Dialektik Cohns: Erkenntniszusammenhang und Ziel des Erkennens in Cohns Theorie des Selbstbewußtseins -- 5.1 Einleitung -- 5.2 Korrelatives Bewußtsein -- 5.3 Die Dialektik des Selbstbewußtseins -- 5.4 Re-intuivierung und Rekonstruktion -- 5.5 Der Gegensatz „Ich-Kern“ — „Ich-Schale“ -- 6 Reflexionsproblematik und Teleologie der Vernunft bei Husserl: Das „dialektische“ Problem des transzendentalen Psychologismus im Rahmen einer teleologisch konzipierten „transzendentalen“ Phänomenologie -- 6.1 Der Zusammenhang des Paradoxons der Subjektivität mit dem Problem des transzendentalen Psychologismus -- 6.2 Das Programm einer Kritik der Kritik -- 6.3 Teleologische Strukturen innerhalb von FTL -- 6.4 Der entscheidungstheoretische Lösungsansatz des Problems des transzendentalen Psychologismus und seine Probleme -- 7 Telos und Methode bei Husserl und Cohn: Das Unendlichkeitsproblem bei der letztendlichen Bestimmung des Ziels von Phänomenologie und Dialektik -- 7.1 Ausgangspunkt: Zu Unendlichkeitsproblemen und Paradoxien in der Mathematik aus der Sicht Colins und Husserls -- 7.2 Unendlichkeit und Methode in Colins dialektischer Theorie des Erkennens -- 7.3 Unendlichkeitsprobleme in der Phänomenologie Husserls -- 7.4 Das Telos dialektischer Phänomenologie in seiner Bezogenheit auf eine iterativ zu realisierende Methode -- 8 Schlußbemerkungen: Die Grenze obiger Untersuchungen und die Beziehung der Phänomenologie zu anderen „Dialektiken“ -- a) Das Verhältnis der Erkenntnistheorie zur Ethik -- b) Facetten des Lebensweltbegriffs -- c) „Logik“ und „Logiken“ -- d) „Dialektik“ und „Dialektiken“ -- e) Schlußwort -- Beilage I: Brief Husserls an Cohn vorn 15.10.1908 -- Beilage II: Antwort Cohns an Husserl (Briefentwurf vom 31.03.1911) -- Literatur- und Siglenverzeichnis -- A Bibliographien -- B Primär- und Sekundärliteratur -- C Briefe aus dem Jonas Cohn-Archiv, Duisburg -- Stichwortverzeichnis.
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400909359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 7
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: 1. Agents -- 2. Resources -- 3. Fields of Forces -- 4. Relations between Agents. Activity -- 5. Degrees of Freedom for Agents. Alienation and Free Will -- 6. Choice Criteria. Utility. Resource Allocation -- Section 1. General -- Section 2. Agents’ Choices -- 7. Dimensional Approach -- 8. Money and Prices -- Section 1. Nature and Functions of Money -- Section 2. Money and Choices of Agents -- Section 3. Theory of Prices and of Equilibria -- Section 4. Money, Credit and Inflation -- Conclusions -- 9. Elementary Exchange -- 10. Transfers -- Section 1. General Theory of Transfers -- Section 2. Different Kinds of PITs and PNITs -- 11. Production and Value Added -- 12. Space and Time in Human Activity -- Section 1. Space -- Section 2. Time -- 13. Relations between Agents -- Section 1. The VA Distribution -- Section 2. The Public Agents -- Section 3. Private Individual Consumer Agents -- Section 4. Saving and Investment in Microeconomics -- Section 5. Financial and Monetary Economy -- Section 6. Other Types of Relations between Agents -- 14. Economic Processes -- Section 1. Definitions and Notations of the Model -- Section 2. Presentation of the Model -- Section 3. Aggregation -- Section 4. Dynamic Interpretation and Discussion of the Model -- Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: It has already been said, if not written, that progress in knowledge in any domain consists mainly of expressing things that are well known in a different and, if possible, new way. That is the purpose of this book. In his solitary effort an author is entirely and solely responsible for what he writes, including any mistakes or errors in the text. This is the case here as this book is not a result of a pluridisciplinary effort. It seems to the author that while reflection can be and sometimes is fruitful in a team, the task of bringing to light new ideas or to shed new light on old ones is mostly a solitary exercise. There are many illustrious examples to which, of course, the author does not compare himself: Quesnay, Rousseau, A. Smith, D. Ricardo, Fourier, Walras, Keynes, Freud and many others. The text contains many analogies between economics and phys­ ics. This last 'exact' science has adopted two paradigms in this century: disequilibria are essential and normal states; the dynamics of events, the temporal evolution of states, is the explanation of Nature. One could also add a third, the fundamental principles of uncertainty and randomness. The deterministic models that were current at the end of the last century were, on the contrary, attached to states of equilibrium and were invariant with respect to time as they assumed perfect causa­ lity, i.e. a perfect knowledge of the future.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401578219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 326 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Logic -- II Normative Judgements -- III the Possibility of Deontic Logic -- IV Prolegomena for a Deontic Logic -- V A Standard System of Deontic Logic -- VI The Norm-Content of the Standard System -- VII The Negation of Normative Expressions: Weak and Strong Permission, Particularly in Law -- VIII Conditional Norms -- IX The Meaning of Logic for Normative Reasoning -- Notes -- Index of names -- Index of subjects -- A few of the used concepts.
    Abstract: The study presented in this book was entered upon by me from a legal point of view. 'Legal logic' has been known for a long time, concerning itself with the methodology of legal and in particular judicial reasoning. In modern days, however, this 'legal logic' is sometimes also connected with modern formal logic, as it has been developed in the works of G. Boole, A. de Morgan, G. Frege, C.S. Peirce, E. Schroder, G. Peano, A.N. Whitehead, B. Russell and others. For me this gave rise to the as yet not very specific question about the meaning of modern symbolic logic for law. Already in an early stage it appeared that, although traditional legal logic and modern symbolic logic both concern logic, this may not create the misapprehension that a similar matter is at issue. Both concern themselves (among other things) with reasonings and reasoning. Traditional legal logic is, however, as it was said by the German legal theoretician K. Engisch: "a material logic that wants us to reflect on what we have to do if we -within the limits of actual possibility- wish to reach true, or at least correct judgements" (Engisch, 1964, p.5). Modern symbolic logic on the other hand is not concerned with the truth or correctness of the result of an argument, but with its validity, i.e. the question when or under which conditions the truth (correctness) of the conclusion is guaranteed by the truth (correctness) of the premisses.
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  • 71
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 175p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: 1 — The Self and Its Language -- II — The Final Kingdom -- III — Religion and Philosophical Idealism in America -- IV — Alternative Philosophical Conceptualizations of Psychopathology -- V — Absence, Presence and Philosophy -- VI — The Interpretation of Greek Philosophy in Heidegger’s Fundamental Ontology -- VII — Earth in the Work of Art -- VIII — Linguistic Meaning and Intentionality: The Relationship of the a Priori of Language and the a Priori of Consciousness in Light of a Transcendental Semiotic or a Linguistic Pragmatic -- IX — The New Permissiveness in Philosophy: Does It Provide a Warrant for a New Kind of Religious Apologetic? -- X — Foucault and Historical Nominalism -- XI — Reflexivity and Responsibility -- Index of Names -- Contributors.
    Abstract: It has been a constant intention of the series of AMERICAN UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS IN PHILOSOPHY to present to the philosophical reader books which probed the frontiers of contemporary philosophy. That intention remains true of the following volume, which offers an international dialogue regarding the phenomenological program and succeeding movements. Early in this Series we tried, as well, to initiate philosophical discussion across serious boundaries and barriers which have characterized contemporary reflection. That theme also continued in the original essays presented herein. With the publication of this fifth volume in the Series we have crossed something of a minor milestone in our endeavor, and are appreciative of the kind welcome with which we have been received by the readers. We wish to thank sincerely the contributors to this volume for their helpful and willing cooperation. We also wish to thank Ms. Irmgard Scherer for her translation of Professor Apel's paper, as well as Professor Apel himself for reviewing this translation. We are also pleased to thank the Office of the Dean of the College Of Arts And Sciences and especially Dean Betty T. Bennett, for a grant for typing, as well as Ms. Mary H. Wason for her fine typing skills and her kind cooperation.
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  • 72
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401744799
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 Historical Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Considerations -- 3 Decision Making, Fallibility, and the Problem of Blameworthiness in Medicine -- 4 Doctors and Their Patients, Patients and Their Doctors -- 5 The Ongoing Dialectic Between Autonomy and Responsibility -- 6 The Physician as Citizen -- 7 Physicians and Patients in a Pluralist World -- 8 Risk Taking: Health Professionals and Risk -- 9 Organ Donation -- 10 Problems in the Care of the Terminally Ill -- 11 Problems at the Beginning of Life -- 12 Problems of Macro-Allocation -- 13 “Solving” Ethical Problems -- Appendix Summary of Sources.
    Abstract: When physicians in training enter their clinical years and first begin to become involved in clinical decision making, they soon find that more than the technical data they had so carefully learned is involved. Prior to that time, of course, they were aware that more than technology was involved in practicing medicine, but here, for the first time, the reality is forcefully brought home. It may be on the medical ward, when a patient or a patient's relatives ask that no further treatment be given and that the patient be allowed to die; it may be in ob/gyn, when a 4- or 5-month pregnant lady with two other children and just deserted by her husband pleads for an abortion; it may be in the outpatient setting, where patients unable to afford enough to eat cannot afford to buy antibiotics for their sick child or provide him or her with the recom­ mended diet. Whatever the setting, students soon find themselv. es con­ fronted with problems in which an answer is not given by the technical possibilities alone; indeed, students may have to face situations in which, all things considered, the use of these technical possibilities seems ill-advised. But choices need to be made. Some of us may choose to hide behind a mastery of technology.
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 115
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 115
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Discourses of the Island -- Discourses of the Nerve -- Experiment and Fiction -- Hypotyposes -- The Mythological Transformations of Renaissance Science: Physical Allegory and the Crisis of Alchemical Narrative -- “What Ever Happened to Ethics?” -- Nature as Construct -- “Observe how healthily — how calmly I can tell you the whole story”: Moral Insanity and Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ -- Conceptualizing Technology in Literary Terms: Some American Examples -- Literature and the Authority of Technology -- “A Place to Step Further”: Jack Spicer’s Quantum Poetics -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: On the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Boston Studies series in 1985, Cohen, Elkana, and Wartofsky wrote in another preface such as this that the time had come for establishing institutions supporting a vision to which the series had been devoted since its inception, namely that of a more broadly conceived, interdisciplinary study of the history and philosophy of science: In recent years it has become evident that, in addition to serious and competent disciplinary work on the specifics of the History of Science, the Philosophy of Science and the Sociology of Science, there is now a growing need to develop a problem­ oriented approach which no longer distinguishes between these three specialties in a cut and dried way. Since the time has come for such an approach, the institutional tools should be provided. A way to do so would be . . . to organize colloquia and to publish good papers stemming from these, without attempting to organize the papers under the separate rubrics of History of Philosophy or Sociology of Science; and moreover to consider it natural that any fundamental issue of the foundations of the sciences, or their place in a culture and the way they are institutionalized in the societal web, is still our concern, no matter whether we are a professional scientist, historian or philosopher who deals with the problem (p. vii).
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789401578295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 312 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: Introduction: Practical and Theoretical Framework -- I Conceptualizing and Planning an Evaluation -- 1 Constructing an Operational Evaluation Design -- 2 Conceptualizing Evaluation: The Key Evaluation Checklist -- 3 Journal Writing in Evaluation -- 4 Field Experiences in Evaluation Courses -- 5 Identifying the Evaluation and Its Usefulness -- 6 Evaluability Assessment -- 7 Evaluation Questions and Methods -- 8 Alternative Evaluation Data Collection Techniques -- 9 Establishing Evaluation Boundaries -- 10 Alternative Models for Evaluation -- 11 Planning a Discrepancy-Based Evaluation -- II Qualitative Methods in Evaluation -- 12 Naturalistic Interviewing -- 13 Critical Issues in Participant Observation -- 14 Naturalistic Data Collection: Case Study Discussion -- 15 “Trustworthiness” in Naturalistic Inquiry: Audit Trails -- 16 Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 17 Writing and Interpreting Ethnographic Protocols -- 18 The Computer-Assisted Analysis of Qualitative Data -- 19 Understanding Content Analysis Through the Sunday Comics -- 20 Using Case Records -- III Needs Assessment -- 21 Collection Techniques for Needs Assessment -- 22 A Quick Look at the Nominal Group Technique -- 23 Developing Focus Group Questions for Needs Assessment -- IV Proposal Writing -- 24 Proposal Writing in Early Childhood Special Education -- 25 Responding to an Informal Request to Evaluate: Writing a Proposal -- V Personnel Evaluation -- 26 A Hands-On Experience in Clinical Supervision -- 27 Tensions and Accommodations Among Administrators and Teachers about Staff Appraisal -- VI Issues in Evaluation: Reporting, Utilization, and Ethics -- 28 Information Portrayal and Use -- 29 Ethics and Evaluation: Problems, Issues and Usefulness -- VII Policy Analysis -- 30 Policy/Goal Percentaging -- VIII The Evaluator’s Tools: Statistics, Measurement, and Computers -- 31 Statistical Software Expert System -- 32 Charting Student Progress -- 33 Activities for Teaching Regression to the Mean -- 34 Using Microcomputer Database Management Software to Solve Evaluation Data Management Problems.
    Abstract: In 1976, the first session on the teaching of evaluation was held at an annual meeting of evaluators. A few hardy souls gathered to exchange ideas on improving the teaching of evaluation. At subsequent annual meetings, these informal sessions attracted more and more participants, eager to talk about common teaching interests and to exchange reading lists, syllabuses, assignments, and paper topics. The ses­ sions were irreverent, innovative, lively, and unpredictable. Eventually the group for­ malized itself with the American Evaluation Association as the Topical Interest Group in the Teaching of Evaluation (TIG: TOE). As word of TIG: TOE's activities spread, instructors from all over the country clamored for assistance and advice. It became apparent that a handbook was need­ ed, a practical interdisciplinary guide to the teaching of evaluation. Donna M. Mertens, a long-standing member of TIG: TOE and an accomplished teacher of evaluation, volunteered to edit the book, and her skills, sensitivity, and experience in the craft of teaching are apparent throughout.
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400911130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Elsevier Applied Food Science Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. A Proposal for Correct Nomenclature of the Domesticated Species of the Genus Saccharomyces -- 2. Microorganisms of Wine -- 3. Genetic Manipulation of Brewing and Wine Yeast -- 4. Killer Yeasts: Notes on Properties and Technical Use of the Character -- 5. The Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Yeasts -- 6. Microbial Spoilage of Canned Fruit Juices -- 7. Recent and Future Developments of Fermentation Technology and Fermenter Design in Brewing -- 8. Fermenter Design for Alcoholic Beverage Production -- 9. Optimal Fermenter Design for White Wine Production -- 10. Factors Affecting the Behaviour of Yeast in Wine Fermentation -- 11. On the Utilisation of Entrapped Microorganisms in the Industry of Fermented Beverages -- 12. Preparation of Yeast for Industrial Use in Production of Beverages -- 13. Enzymes in the Fruit Juice Industry -- 14. Enzymatic Processing of Musts and Wines.
    Abstract: Beverage production is among the oldest, though quantitatively most significant, applications of biotechnology methods, based on the use of microorganisms and enzymes. Manufacturing processes employed in beverage production, origi­ nally typically empirical, have become a sector of growing economic importance in the food industry. Pasteur's work represented the starting point for technological evolution in this field, and over the last hundred years progress in scientifically based research has been intense. This scientific and technological evolution is the direct result of the encounter between various disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.). Beverage production now exploits all the various features of first and second-generation biotechnology: screening and selective im­ provement of microorganisms; their mutations; their use in genetic engineering methods; fermentation control; control of enzymatic processes, including industrial plants; use of soluble enzymes and immobilized enzyme reactors; development of waste treatment proc­ esses and so on. Research developments involving the use of biotechnology for the purpose of improving yields, solving quality-related problems and stimulating innovation are of particular and growing interest as far as production is concerned. Indeed, quality is the final result of the regulation of microbiological and enzymatic processes, and innovation is a consequence of improved knowledge of useful fermentations and the availability of new ingredients. The Council of Europe's sponsorship of the work which led to the contributions to this volume is clear evidence of the growing need for adequate information about scientific and technological progress.
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Education—Philosophy. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I What is Individualism? -- 1: The Individualistic Tradition -- II: Individualistic Ideals of Human Development -- III: Alternatives to Individualism -- IV: Three Approaches to Individualism: Sumner, Rogers, Dewey -- II Individualism in Recent Western Educational Theory -- V: Analytic Philosophy of Education -- VI: The Popular Radicals -- VII: Piaget and the Study of Child Development -- VIII: Limits to Individualism -- IX: The Alternatives and their Limits.
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  • 77
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: The Null Subject Parameter and Parametric Theory -- Arbitrary Null Objects and Unselective Binding -- Anaphoric AGR -- Two Italian Dialects and the Null Subject Parameter -- On the Notion “Null Anaphor” in Chamorro -- Pro-Drop in Chinese: A Generalized Control Theory -- The Null Subject Parameter in Language Acquisition -- Null Subjects and Clitic Climbing -- The Null Subject Parameter in Modern Arabic Dialects -- Prepositional Infinitival Constructions in European Portuguese -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Languages.
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 1 A Selective History of Modern Binding Theory -- 2 The Logical Structure of Reciprocal Sentences in English -- 3 Complement Object Deletion -- 4 Remarks on Coreference -- 5 Disjoint Reference and Wh-Trace -- 6 On Two Recent Treatments of Disjoint Reference -- 7 A Note on Illicit NP Movement -- 8 A Note on Anaphora and Double Objects -- 9 On the Necessity of Binding Conditions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The articles collected in this book are concerned with the treatment of anaphora within generative grammar, specifically, within Chomsky's 'Ex­ tended Standard Theory' (EST). Since the inception of this theory, and virtually since the inception of generative grammar, anaphora has been a central topic of investigation. In current research, it has, perhaps, become even more central, as a major focus of study in such areas as syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, and language acquisition. Beginning in the early 1970's, and continuing to the present, Chomsky has developed a comprehensive syntactic theory of anaphora. The articles here are all related to stages in the development of that theory, and can best be understood in relation to that development. For that reason, Chapter 1 presents a historical survey of Chomsky's EST proposals on anaphora, along with brief indications of how the present articles fit into that history. Some of the articles here (e.g. Chapters 4, 8, and 9) proposed extensions of Chomsky's basic ideas to a wider range of phenomena.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789400925519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A History of Women Philosophers 2
    Series Statement: History of Women Philosophers 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy ; History ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Murasaki Shikibu -- 1. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Biography -- IV. Writings -- V. Summary -- 2. Hildegard of Bingen -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. The Special Nuances of Hildegard’s Image of God and of the Human Being -- IV. Conclusion -- 3. Heloise -- I. Biography -- II. Heloise the Scholar -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Summary -- 4. Herrad of Hohenbourg -- I. Introduction -- II. Hortus Deliciarum -- III. Philosophical Contributions -- IV. Summary -- 5. Beatrice of Nazareth -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Conclusion -- 6. Mechtild of Magdeburg -- I. Background -- II. Biography -- III. Works -- IV. Influences -- V. Metaphysics and Cosmology -- VI. Anthropology and Epistemology -- VII. Ethics -- VIII. Summary -- 7. Hadewych of Antwerp -- I. Background -- II. Biography -- III. Hadewych’s Doctrine -- IV. Works -- V. Conclusion -- 8. Birgitta of Sweden -- I. Biography -- II. Birgitta’s Writings -- III. Birgitta’s Doctrine -- IV. Summary -- 9. Julian of Norwich -- I. Biography -- II. The Nature of Knowledge -- III. The Sources of Religious Knowledge -- IV. The Limits of Knowledge -- V. Concluding Remarks -- 10. Catherine of Siena -- I. Biography -- 11. Doctrine of Catherine of Siena -- III. The Writings of Catherine of Siena -- IV. Summary -- 11. Oliva Sabuco de Nantes Barrera -- I. Background -- II. Biography -- III. Influence -- IV. Writings -- V. A Question of Authorship -- 12. Marie le Jars de Gournay -- I. Biography -- II. Literary Works -- III. Philosophical Works -- IV. Conclusion -- 13. Roswitha of Gandersheim, Christine Pisan, Margaret More Roper and Teresa of Avila -- I. Introduction -- II. Roswitha of Gandersheim -- III. Christine Pisan -- IV. Margaret More Roper -- V. Teresa of Avila -- VI. Conclusions.
    Abstract: aspirations, the rise of western monasticism was the most note­ worthy event of the early centuries. The importance of monasteries cannot be overstressed as sources of spirituality, learning and auto­ nomy in the intensely masculinized, militarized feudal period. Drawing their members from the highest levels of society, women's monasteries provided an outlet for the energy and ambition of strong-willed women, as well as positions of considerable authority. Even from periods relatively inhospitable to learning of all kinds, the memory has been preserved of a good number of women of education. Their often considerable achievements and influence, however, generally lie outside even an expanded definition of philo­ sophy. Among the most notable foremothers of this early period were several whose efforts signal the possibility of later philosophical work. Radegund, in the sixth century, established one of the first Frankish convents, thereby laying the foundations for women's spiritual and intellectual development. From these beginnings, women's monasteries increased rapidly in both number and in­ fluence both on the continent and in Anglo-Saxon England. Hilda (d. 680) is well known as the powerful abbsess of the double monastery of Whitby. She was eager for knowledge, and five Eng­ lish bishops were educated under her tutelage. She is also accounted the patron of Caedmon, the first Anglo-Saxon poet of religious verse. The Anglo-Saxon nun Lioba was versed in the liberal arts as well as Scripture and canon law.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400910256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 14
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Population ; Economic policy ; Human Geography ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: 1 Comparative research, selected themes and data characteristics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Themes and content -- 1.3 Data sources and spatial systems -- 1.4 Conclusions -- I Components of Population Change -- 2 Population projection: Dutch and English multiregional methods -- 3 The components of natural change -- 4 Internal migration -- II Specific Migration Streams -- 5 Labour migration -- 6 Racism and international migration -- 7 Migration of the elderly -- III Population, Households and Housing -- 8 Demographic change, household evolution and housing needs -- 9 Residential mobility -- 10 The housing market as a source of urban demographic and social change: the impact of flat break-ups in London and condominium conversion in the Netherlands -- 11 1983, 1986, …. -- References.
    Abstract: Significant changes have occured in the structural composition and geographical distribu­ tion of the populations of North West European countries during the 1970's and 1980's. Whilst the subject matter of this volume reflects many of the important themes of research activity that have preoccupied British and Dutch spatial demographers and population geographers over the last decade, the structure of the book aims to facilitate comparison of those selected themes between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The book has gradually taken shape over the period of time since the conference in Oxford, in 1986, when the contents were first presented. We are very grateful for the assistance that we have received during the production process from Marjie Salisbury, Tim Hadwin and John Dixon at the School of Geography, University of Leeds; from Annemieke Perquin at the National Physical Planning Agency in The Hague; and from Evert Meijer, Elmy Heuvelmans and Berry van Houten at GEODAN in Amsterdam. We also wish to acknowledge the contributions to the field of population geography that have been made in recent years by John Coward, who died so tragically in the Ke gworth air disaster earlier this year.
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    ISBN: 9789400922990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (576p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 204
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I - The Elements for Interpreting Kant -- 1 - Space and Time -- 2 - Thought -- 3 - Substance -- 4 - The World -- 5 - The Rework Hypothesis -- II - The Early View -- 1 - The Early Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Early View -- 3 - The Break-Up of the Early View -- III - The Middle View -- 1 - The Middle Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Middle View -- IV - The Transition to the Late View — The Mathematical Antinomies -- 1 - The Break-Up of the Middle View over the Second Antinomy -- 2 - The Argument of the Antinomies Against the Middle View -- V - The Late View -- 1 - The Late Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of The Late View.
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    ISBN: 9789400911697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: David Hull Through Two Decades -- Rethinking the Propensity Interpretation: A Peek Inside Pandora’s Box -- Species as Entities of Biological Theory -- Individuality, History and Laws of Nature in Biology -- Interaction and Evolution -- Picturing Weismannism: A Case Study of Conceptual Evolution -- Replicators and Interactors in Cultural Evolution -- Darwin’s Theory and Darwin’s Argument -- Some Puzzles About Species -- The Rational Weight of the Scientific Past: Forging Fundamental Change in a Conservative Discipline -- Individuals, Species and the Development of Mineralogy and Geology -- Attaching Names to Objects -- From Reductionism to Instrumentalism? -- Systematics and Circularity -- David Hull’s Conception of the Structure of Evolutionary Theory -- Kinds, Individuals and Theories -- Evolvers are Individuals: Extension of the Species as Individuals Claim -- A Function for Actual Examples in Philosophy of Science -- Publications of David L. Hull -- Authors’ Index.
    Abstract: Philosophers of science frequently bemoan (or cheer) the fact that today, with the supposed collapse of logical empiricism, there are now ;;10 grand systems. However, although this mayor may not be true, and if true mayor may not be a cause for delight, no one should conclude that the philosophy of science has ground to a halt, its problems exhausted and its practioners dispirited. In fact, in this post­ Kuhnian age the subject has never been more alive, as we work with enthusiasm on special topics, historical and conceptual. And no topic has grown and thrived quite like the philosophy of biology, which now has many students in the field producing high-quality articles and monographs. The success of this subject is due above all to the work and influence of one man: David Hull. In his own writings and in the support he has given to others, he has shown true leadership, in the best Platonic sense. It is now twenty years since Hull fnt gave his seminal paper 'What the philosophy of biology is not', and to mark that point and to show our respect, gratitude and affection to its author, a number of us who owe much to Hull decided to produce a volume of essays on and around themes to which Hull has spoken.
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 49
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Cartography ; Econometrics ; Regional economics ; Human Geography ; Geography. ; Spatial economics.
    Abstract: I/Dynamic Choice Models -- Dynamic Models of Choice Behaviour: some Fundamentals and Trends -- Is Spatial Behaviour Service-Sensitive? An Empirical Test -- Using Consumer Panels to Model Travel Choices -- Robustness in Modelling Dynamics of Choice -- Inference from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data for Dynamic Behavioural Processes -- An Assessment of Attrition in a Multi-Wave Panel of Households -- Spatial Interaction and Discrete Choice: Statics and Dynamics -- II/Dynamic Urban Models -- Spatial Dynamics and Urban Models -- Some Properties of Spatial-Structural-Economic-Dynamic Models -- Urban Structures, Dynamic Modelling and Clustering -- A Stochastic Model of Intraurban Supply and Demand Structures -- Spatial Systems Modelling: from Land Use Planning to a Geographical Theory Approach -- Measuring and Simulating the Structure and Form of Cartographic Lines -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Thi s book ari ses from The Fourth European Coll oqui urn on Theoret i ca 1 and Quant itat i ve Geography wh i ch was he 1 din Ve 1 dhoven, The Netherlands in September 1985. It contains a series of papers on spatial choice dynamics and dynamical spatial systems which were presented at the colloquium, together with a few other soll icited ones. The book is intended primarily as a state-of-the art review of mainly European research on these two fastly growing problem areas. As a consequence of this decision, the book contains a selection of papers that differs in terms of focus, level of sophistication and conceptual background. Evidently, the dissimination of ideas and computer software is a time-related phenomenon, which in the European context is amplified by differences in language, the profile of geography and the formal training of geographers. The book reflects such differences. It would have been impossible to produce this book without the support of the various European study groups on theoretical and quantitative geography. Without their help the meetings from which this volumes originates would not have been held in the first place. We are also indebted to the Royal Dutch Academy of Science for partly funding the colloquium, and to SISWO and TNOjPSC for providing general support in the organisation of the conference.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789400924178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 207
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Language as Calculus vs. Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Continental and Analytical Philosophy -- 2. The Interpretational Framework -- 3. Some Qualifications and the Main Theses of this Study -- II: Husserl’s Phenomenology and Language as Calculus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formalism—Threat and Temptation—The Emergence of Language as Calculus in the Early Writings -- 3. Defending the Accessibility of Semantics Against Psychologistic Relativism: The Logical Investigations -- 4. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Calculus Conception -- 5. Summary of Husserl’s Notion of Language as Calculus -- III: Heidegger’s Ontology and Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heidegger as Adherer to the Conception of Language as Calculus in his Early Writings -- 3. The World as a ”Closed Whole”—The Period of Being and Time -- 4. ”Language is the House of Being”—Language as the Universal Medium in Heidegger’s Later ”Thought” -- 5. Summary of Heidegger’s Conception of Language as the Universal Medium -- IV: Between Scylla and Charybdis—Gadamer’s Hermeneutics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tradition and the Return of the Subject—Why Heidegger had Reason to Dislike the ”Effective-Historical Consciousness” -- 3. Language as Universal Adumbration -- Notes to Part I -- Notes to Part II -- Notes to Part III -- Notes to Part IV -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I first became interested in Husserl and Heidegger as long ago as 1980, when as an undergraduate at the Freie Universitat Berlin I studied the books by Professor Ernst Tugendhat. Tugendhat's at­ tempt to bring together analytical and continental philosophy has never ceased to fascinate me, and even though in more recent years other influences have perhaps been stronger, I should like to look upon the present study as still being indebted to Tugendhat's initial incentive. It was my good fortune that for personal reasons I had to con­ tinue my academic training from 1981 onwards in Finland. Even though Finland is a stronghold of analytical philosophy, it also has a tradition of combining continental and Anglosaxon philosophical thought. Since I had already admired this line of work in Tugendhat, it is hardly surprising that once in Finland I soon became impressed by Professor Jaakko Hintikka's studies on Husserl and intentionality, and by Professor Georg Henrik von Wright's analytical hermeneu­ tics. While the latter influence has-at least in part-led to a book on the history of hermeneutics, the former influence has led to the present work. My indebtedness to Professor Hintikka is enormous. Not only is the research reported here based on his suggestions, but Hintikka has also commented extensively on different versions of the manuscript, helped me to make important contacts, found a publisher for me, and-last but not least-was a never failing source of encouragement.
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  • 85
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400909618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 205
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: Introduction: Acquaintance and Intentionality -- One: The Experience of Acquaintance -- I: Perceptual Awareness -- II: Consciousness and Self-Awareness -- III: Empathy and Other-Awareness -- Two: The Relation of Acquaintance -- IV: Content in Context -- V: A Sense of Presence -- VI: Grounds of Acquaintance -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics.
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 13
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. Some varieties of Indian theological dualism -- 2. From the fabric to the weaver? -- 3. Religions as failed theodicies: atheism in Hinduism and Buddhism -- 4. Scepticism and religion: on the interpretation of N?g?rjuna -- 5. Some varieties of monism -- 6. The concepts of self and freedom in Buddhism -- 7. Reflections on the sources of knowledge in the Indian tradition -- 8. Omniscience in Indian philosophy of religion -- 9. On the idea of authorless revelation (apaurus?eya) -- 10. ?am?kara on metaphor with reference to G?t? 13.12–18 -- 11. Salvation and the pursuit of social justice -- 12. Caste, karma and the G?t? -- Contributors’ addresses.
    Abstract: With a few notable exceptions, analytical philosophy of religion in the West still continues to focus almost entirely on the Iudaeo-Christian tradition. In particular, it is all too customary to ignore the rich fund of concepts and arguments supplied by the Indian religious tradition. This is a pity, for it gratuitously impoverishes the scope of much contemporary philosophy of religion and precludes the attainment of any insights into Indian religions comparable to those that the clarity and rigour of analytic philosophy has made possible for the Iudaeo-Christian tradition. This volume seeks to redress the imbalance. The original idea was to invite a number of Indian and Western philosophers to contribute essays treating of Indian religious concepts in the style of contemporary analytical philosophy of religion. No further restrietion was placed upon the contributors and the resulting essays (all previously unpublished) exhibit a diversity of themes and approaches. Many arrangements of the material herein are doubtless defensible. The rationale for the one that has been adopted is perhaps best presented through some introductory remarks about the essays themselves.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789400925021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Economic policy
    Abstract: I Grounding Testing Policy: Three Perspectives -- The Allocation of Opportunities and the Politics of Testing: A Policy Analytic Perspective -- The Mandarin Mentality: Civil Service and University Admissions Testing in Europe and Asia -- Testing Companies, Trends, and Policy Issues: A Current View from the Testing Industry -- II Testing and the Law: Title VII and the Federal Guidelines -- Employment Testing and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Non-Discriminatory Use of Personnel Tests Conference Remarks -- The Uniform Guidelines and Subjective Selection Criteria and Procedures Conference Remarks -- III Testing and the Law: The Role of the Courts -- Testing, Public Policy, and the Courts -- Testing in Elementary and Secondary Schools: Can Misuse Be Avoided? -- IV Testing in the Workplace: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives -- Economic Models of Discrimination, Testing, and Public Policy -- Ability Testing for Job Selection: Are the Economic Claims Justified? -- Examples of Testing Programs in the Insurance Industry and a Discussion of Employment Testing Policy Issues -- Test Scores and Evaluation: The Military as Data -- Los Angeles Testing Policies Conference Remarks.
    Abstract: Bernard R. Gifford In the United States, the standardized test has become one of the major sources of information for reducing uncertainty in the determination of individual merit and in the allocation of merit-based educational, training, and employment opportunities. Most major institutions of higher education require applicants to supplement their records of academic achievements with scores on standardized tests. Similarly, in the workplace, as a condition of employment or assignment to training programs, more and more employers are requiring prospective employees to sit for standardized tests. In short, with increasing frequency and intensity, individual members of the political economy are required to transmit to the opportunity marketplace scores on standardized examinations that purport to be objective measures of their and potential. In many instances, these test scores are the abilities, talents, only signals about their skills that job applicants are permitted to send to prospective employers. THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TESTING AND PUBLIC POLICY In view of the importance of these issues to our current national agenda, it was proposed that the Human Rights and Governance and the Education and Culture Programs of the Ford Foundation support the establishment of a ''blue ribbon" National Commission on Testing and Public Policy to investigate some of the major problems as well as the untapped opportunities created by recent trends in the use of standardized tests, particularly in the workplace and in schools.
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925120
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services Series 27
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Background for Teacher Education Program Evaluation -- 3 The Accreditation Plus Model -- 4 Selection and Evaluation of Knowledge Bases for Teacher Education Programs -- 5 Quality Controls in Teacher Education Programs -- 6 Testing for Admissions -- 7 Evaluating Field-Based Experiences in Teacher Education -- 8 Assessing Student Performance Outcomes in Teacher Education Programs -- 9 Assessment of Faculty in Teacher Education Programs -- 10 Use of Mail Surveys to Collect Information for Program Improvement -- 11 Follow-Up Evaluation of Teacher Education Programs -- 12 Evaluating the Structure of the Education Unit -- 13 Physical Facilities Evaluation in Teacher Education Programs -- 14 Evaluating Financial Resources for Teacher Education Programs -- 15 Evaluation of Library Resources for a Teacher Education Program -- 16 Models and Modeling for Teacher Education Evaluation -- 17 Implementation of Evaluation Results -- 18 Elements of Law as They Relate to Teacher Education Evaluation -- 19 We Can Get There from Here -- Author Index -- NCATE Standards Index.
    Abstract: J. T. Sandefur Western Kentucky University American's ability to compete in world markets is eroding. The productivity growth of our competitors outdistances our own. The capacity of our economy to provide a high standard of living for all our people is increasingly in doubt. As jobs requiring little skill are automated or go offshore and demand increases for the highly skilled, the pool of educated and skilled people grows smaller and the backwater of the unemployable rises. Large numbers of American children are in limbo--ignorant of the past and unprepared for the future. Many are dropping out--notjust out of school--but out of productive society. These are not my words. They are a direct quote from the Executive Summary of the Carnegie Forum Report on Education and the Economy entitled A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century (p. 2, 1986). This report was motivated by four purposes: 1. To remind Americans, yet again, of the economic challenges pressing us on all sides; 2. To assert the primacy of education as the foundation of economic growth, equal opportunity and a shared national vision; 3. To reaffirm that the teaching profession is the best hope for establishing new standards of excellence as the hallmark of American education; and 4. To point out that a remarkable window of opportunity lies before us in the next decade to reform education, an opportunity that may not present itself again until well into the next century.
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  • 89
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 2
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    Keywords: Education ; History ; Humanities ; Art—Study and teaching. ; Education, Higher.
    Abstract: One Phenomenology and the Objective of Historiography -- Two The Idea of Being: A Platonic Speculation -- Three On Parsing the Parmenides -- Four On Participation: Beginning a Philosophical Grammar -- Five On Ritual and Rhetoric in Plato -- Six The Two Republics: A Study in Dialectic -- Seven The Liberal Arts and Plato’s Relation to Them -- Eight Saint Augustine’s Christian Dialectic -- Nine Faith and Reason in Plato and St. Augustine: A Further Dialectic -- Ten Descartes’ Revision of the Cartesian Dualism -- Eleven On Kant’s Philosophic Grammar of Mathematics -- Twelve Is Modern Physics Possible Within Kant’s Philosophy? -- Thirteen On Kant’s Refutation of Metaphysics -- Fourteen Husserl’s Ideas in the Liberal Arts Tradition -- Fifteen On the Structure and Value of the Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty -- Sixteen The Unity of the Liberal Arts and the University -- Seventeen Modes of Being and Their Relation to the Liberal Arts and Artist.
    Abstract: As this collection of essays demonstrates, over a long career Edward Goodwin Ballard has written on a wide range of topics of philosophical interest. Although the present volume can be enjoy­ ably browsed, it is not simply a sampling of his writings. Rather, herein Professor Ballard has chosen and organized essays which pertain to the major concerns of his philosophic life. He has long held that the function of philosophy, particularly in a time such as ours, is the discernment and analysis of basic principles (archai) and their consequences. Indeed, in Philosophy at the Crossroads. he recommended focusing upon the history of philosophy understood as the movement of recognizing and interpreting the shifts in first principles as they reflect and determine human change. For Ballard, the study of the history of philosophy, like philosophy itself, is not so much a body of knowledge as an exercise (an art) whiQh moves the practitioner towards social and individual maturity. He holds, along with Plato and Husserl, that philosophy is a process of conversion to the love of wisdom as well as a grasp of the means for its attainment. Throughout his writings, Ballard has maintained that the difficulties of this journey have to do with the limitations of the pilgrim. Human being is perspectival, finite, and inevitably ignorant. Philosophic command and self -recognition reside in the just assessment of the limits of human knowledge.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789400909595
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 44
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 44
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Section I: Constructivism and the logic of science -- Science, a Rational Enterprise? -- The Philosophy of Science and Its Logic -- The Pragmatic Understanding of Language and the Argumentative Function of Logic -- Rules versus Theorems -- On ‘Transcendental’ -- Section II: Constructivism and Protoscience -- Philosophy and the Problem of the Foundations of Mathematics -- Geometry as the Measure-Theoretic A Priori of Physics -- The Concept of Mass -- On the Definition of ‘Probability’ -- Section III: Constructivism and The Value Sciences -- Practical Reason and the Justification of Norms. Fundamental Problems in the Construction of a Theory of Practical Justification -- Protoethics: Towards a Formal Pragmatics of Justificatory Discourse -- Interests -- Is Rational Economics as an Empirical- Quantitative Science Possible? -- Determination by Reality or Construction of Reality? -- Notes On The Contributors.
    Abstract: The idea to produce the current volume was conceived by Jiirgen Mittelstrass and Robert E. Butts in 1978. Idealist philosophers are wrong about one thing: the temporal gap separating idea and reality can be very long indeed - even ten or so years! Problems of timing were joined by personal problems and by the pressure of other professional commitments. Fortunately, James Brown agreed to cooperate in the editing of the volume; the infusion of his usual energy, good judgement and good-natured promptness saved the volume and made its produc­ tion possible. Despite the delays, the messages of the papers included in the book have not gone stale. An extremely worthwhile exercise in international philosophical cooperation has come to fruition; the German constructivist philosophical position is here represented in papers in English that will make its contemporary importance available to a larger audience. The editors owe thanks to many persons. All involved in the project owe much to the interest and support of Nicholas Rescher, a friend of the undertaking from the time of its inception. My review of the translations was helped immensely by Andrea Purvis' careful copy editing of the typescript. Most of all, however, we owe gratitude and admiration for the tireless efforts on behalf of this enterprise to Jiirgen Mittelstrass.
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 155
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: I / Introduction -- 1. The Revival of Mental Philosophy -- 2. Mechanism -- 3. Naturalism -- 4. Two Problems of Mind -- II / What Is a Rule of Mind? -- 1. Signals and Control -- 2. Turing Machines -- 3. Logic and Logic of Mind -- 4. Nerve Networks and Finite Automata -- 5. Computer Logic -- 6. Glimpses from Psychology -- 7. Summary on Rules -- III / Behavior and Structure -- 1. Some Varieties of Automata -- 2. Fitting and Guiding -- 3. Empirical Realism -- IV / Mechanism — Arguments PRO and CON -- 1. Thinking Machines -- 2. The Argument from Analogy -- 3. Psychological Explanation and Church’s Thesis -- 4. On the Dissimilarity of Behaviors -- 5. Computers, Determinism, and Action -- 6. Summary to the Main Argument from Analogy -- V / Functionalism, Rationalism, and Cognitivism -- 1. Psychological and Automaton States -- 2. Behaviorism -- 3. Neorationalism -- 4. Cognitivism -- VI / The Logic of Acceptance -- 1. Universals, Gestalten, and Taking -- 2. Acceptance -- 3. Expectation -- 4. Family Resemblances -- VII / Perception -- 1. Perceptual Objects -- 2. Perception Perspectives -- VIII / Belief and Desire -- 1. Perceptual Belief -- 2. Desire -- 3. A Model of Desire -- 4. Standing Belief — Representation -- IX / Reference and Truth -- 1. Pure Semantics versus User Semantics -- 2. Belief Sentences -- 3. Denotation -- 4. A Theory of Truth -- 5. Adequacy -- X / Toward Meaning -- 1. Linguistic Meaning -- 2. Propositions -- 3. Intensions of Names and Predicates -- XI / Psychological Theory and the Mindbrain Problem -- 1. Realism and Reduction -- 2. Explanation -- 3. Free Will -- 4. Mental Occurrents -- Table of Figures, Formulas, and Tables -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book presents a mechanist philosophy of mind. I hold that the human mind is a system of computational or recursive rules that are embodied in the nervous system; that the material presence of these rules accounts for perception, conception, speech, belief, desire, intentional acts, and other forms of intelligence. In this edition I have retained the whole of the fIrst edition except for discussion of issues which no longer are relevant in philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology. Earlier reference to disputes of the 1960's and 70's between hard-line empiricists and neorationalists over the psychological status of grammars and language acquisition, for instance, has simply been dropped. In place of such material I have entered some timely or new topics and a few changes. There are brief references to the question of computer versus distributed processing (connectionist) theories. Many of these questions dissolve if one distinguishes as I now do in Chapter II between free and embodied algorithms. I have also added to my comments on artifIcal in­ telligence some reflections. on Searle's Chinese Translator. The irreducibility of machine functionalist psychology in my version or any other has been exaggerated. Input, output, and state entities are token identical to physical or biological things of some sort, while a machine system as a collection of recursive rules is type identical to representatives of equivalence classes. This nuld technicality emerges in Chapter XI. It entails that so-called "anomalous monism" is right in one sense and wrong in another.
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  • 92
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 150 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H. L. Van Breda et Publiée / Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 112
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 112
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Mathematics. ; Phenomenology .
    Abstract: Introduction: The Origins of Husserl’s Totalizing Act -- I. The Totalizing Act: Key to Husserl’s Early Philosophy -- The Totalizing Act -- The Totalizing Act as Totality -- II. The Concept of the Totalizing Act as Collective Connection: Progenitor of Number -- The Auto-Abstraction of the Concept of Collective Connection -- Number Concepts: Progeny of the Totalizing Act -- The “Attachment” of Number Concepts: Index of the Totalizing Act -- The Preeminence of the Totalizing Act: Refutation of a Prevalent Interpretation -- III. Symbolizing: Prosthesis of the Totalizing Act -- The Hierarchic Complication of Totalizing Acts -- The Anatomy of Abstracta -- The Self-Extension of the Totalizing Act by Proxy -- IV. The Symbolic Totalization of Sensible Multitudes -- The Sensible Individual as Modified Multitude -- The Symbolic Totalization of the Sensible Multitude -- V. The Intuitive Totalization of the Individual Sense Object -- The Sensible Group: Sufficient Context for Analyzing Intuition of Individuals -- The Problem: Non-Convertibility of Simultaneous and Successive Totalizing -- The Resolution: Successive and Simultaneous Totalizing as Continuous -- The Mutual Implication of Intuiting and Representing in the Intuition of the Sensible Thing -- VI. The Totalizing Act as Mediator of the Ideal and Real -- Hypothesis: The Internal Motivation for the Great Inversion -- Confirmation: The Prolegomena of 1900 -- VII. The Ensoulment of Sensation: Triumph of the Totalizing Psyche -- The Immanent Object as Empiricistic Fetish -- The Psychical Production of the Transcendent Object -- The Dilemma: The Uncertainty of the Transcendent and the Imperceptibility of the Immanent -- The Great Reversal: The Causal World as Interpretation -- Afterword: A Hypothetical Answer for Alfred Schutz -- Appendices -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The Origins of Husserl's Totalizing Act At noon on Monday, October 24th, 1887, Dr. Edmund G. Husserl defended the dissertation that would qualify him as a university lecturer at Halle. Entitled "On the Concept of Number," it was written under Carl Stumpf who, like Husserl, had been a student of Franz Brentano. In this, his first published philosophical work, Husserl sought to secure the foundations of mathematics by deriving its most fundamental concepts from psychical acts.! In the same year, Heinrich Hertz published an article entitled, "Con­ cerning an Influence of Ultraviolet Light on the Electrical Discharge." The article detailed his discovery of a new "relation between two entirely different forces," those of light and electricity. Hermann von Helmholtz, whose theory guided Hertz's initial research, called it the "most important physical discovery of the century," and Hertz became an immediate sensation. He lectured on his discovery in 1889 before a general session of the German Association meeting in Heidelberg. In this lecture that, as he wrote beforehand to Emil Cohn, he was deter­ mined should not be "entirely unintelligible to the laity," Hertz explained that light ether and electro-magnetic forces were interdependent. He went on to tell his audience that they need not expect their senses to grant them access to these phenomena. Indeed, he said, the latter are not only insusceptible of sense perception, but are false from the standpoint of the senses.
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 198
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / The Origin and Development of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 1. The Rise of the Lvov—Warsaw School and the Periods in its Development -- 2. Kazimierz Twardowski and the Lvov Stage -- 3. The Lvov—Warsaw School Between the World Wars -- 4. World War II and the Post-1945 Period -- 5. The Typical Philosopher of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- Photographs -- II / Some Philosophical Views of Kazimierz Twardowski -- 1. Twardowski and the Philosophical Tradition -- 2. The Conception of Philosophy -- 3. Psychologism -- 4. Twardowski on Language -- 5. Twardowski on Truth -- 6. Analysis of the Word ‘Nothing’ -- 7. Problems in the Theory of Science -- 8. Conclusion -- III / The Conception of Philosophy in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 1. ?ukasiewicz -- 2. Kotarbi?ski -- 3. Ajdukiewicz -- 4. Cze?owski -- 5. Conclusion -- IV / The Development of Logic in the Lvov—Warsaw School: The Warsaw School of Logic -- 1. A Concise History of Logic in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 2. Sociological Comments on the Warsaw School of Logic -- 3. General Remarks on the Further Chapters on Logic in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- V / The Classical Sentential Calculus -- 1. ?ukasiewicz’s Parenthesis-Free Symbolism and his Criteria of Construction of Logical Systems -- 2. The Functionally Complete Classical Sentential Calculus — Axiomatic Approaches -- 3. Partial Sentential Calculi -- 4. The Sentential Calculus with Variable Functors -- 5. Ja?kowski’s System of Natural Deduction -- 6. The Metalogic of the Sentential Calculus -- 7. Addenda. Concluding Remarks -- VI / Non-Classical Logics -- 1. Many-Valued Logics -- 2. Modal Logic -- 3. Intuitionistic Logic -- 4. Ja?kowski’s Discursive Logic -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- VII / Le?niewski’s Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intuitive Formalism -- 3. Semantic Categories and Constructive Nominalism -- 4. Some Formal Properties of Le?niewski’s Systems -- 5. Protothetic -- 6. Ontology -- 7. Mereology -- 8. The Controversy over Le?niewski. Conclusion -- VIII / Metamathematics, the Foundations of Mathematics and the Semantic Conception of Truth -- 1. Metamathematics -- 2. Tarski’s Semantic Theory of Truth. An Introduction -- 3. The Semantic Theory of Truth. The Formal Aspect -- 4. The Semantic Theory of Truth. The Philosophical Aspect -- 5. The General Conception of Semantics -- IX / History of Logic and Interpretations of Traditional Logic. The Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics -- 1. History of Logic -- 2. Interpretations of Traditional Logic -- 3. The Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics -- X / Logic, Semantics and Cognition: The Epistemology of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz -- 1. The Conception of Meaning -- 2. Radical Conventionalism -- 3. Rejection of Radical Conventionalism -- 4. Toward Radical Empiricism -- 5. Semantics, Epistemology, Ontology -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- XI / Logic, Semantics and the World: The Ontology of Tadeusz Kotarbi?ski -- 1. Genuine and Apparent Names -- 2. Ontological Reism: The Basic Thesis -- 3. The Problem of the Interpretation of the Fundamental Thesis of Reism -- 4. Pansomatism and Radical Realism -- 5. Reism and Materialism -- 6. Why Reism? -- 7. The Troubles of Reism -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix to Chapters X – XI / Further Epistemological and Ontological Problems Discussed in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 1. Scepticism -- 2. Foundationalism, Fallibilism, Conventionalism, Truth -- 3. What Exists? -- 4. The Mind-Body Problem -- 5. Time, Space, Causality, and Quantum Theory -- 6. Conclusion -- XII / The Philosophy of Language -- 1. Conceptions of Meaning -- 2. Analytic Sentences -- 3. Empty Names -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- XIII / The Philosophy of Science -- 1. Reasoning and Its Modes -- 2. Induction, Probability, and Justification -- 3. The General Picture of the Scientific Method and Scientific Theories -- XIV / Once More History and Beyond -- 1. The Lvov—Warsaw School and Logical Empiricism -- 2. The Problem of the Unity of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 3. The Lvov—Warsaw School or the Lvov School and the Warsaw School? -- 4. The Importance of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- Notes -- List of the Philosophers of the Lvov—Warsaw School Mentioned in this Book -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 104 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Public Choice 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economics ; Finance ; Finance, Public. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I Why Is the Rent-Seeking Industry So Small? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rents, Ignorance, and Ideology -- 3 The Cost of Rent Seeking: A Metaphysical Problem -- 4 Efficient Rent Seeking, Diseconomies of Scale, Public Goods, and Morality -- II Random Thoughts on Rent Seeking -- 5 Rent Seeking: The Problem of Definition -- 6 Rent Seeking and the Market -- 7 Strategic Behavior, Mixed Strategies, and the Defects of the Nash Equilibrium -- 8 Rent Seeking and Transfers -- 9 Rent Seeking and Tax Reform -- 10 Concluding Thoughts.
    Abstract: As the reader of this book probably already knows, I have devoted a great deal of time to the topic which is, rather unfortunately, named rent seeking. Rent seeking, the use of resources in actually lowering total product although benefiting some minority, is, unfortunately, a major activity of most governments. As a result of this, I have stumbled on a puzzle. The rent-seeking activity found in major societies is immense, but the industry devoted to producing it is nowhere near as immense. In Washington the rent-seeking industry is a very conspicuous part of the landscape. On the other hand, if you consider how much money is being moved by that industry, then it is comparatively small. The first question that this book seeks to answer is: How do we account for the disparity? A second problem is that almost all rent seeking is done in what superficially appears to be an extremely inefficient way. I recently got estimates of the net cost to the public of the farm program and its net benefit to the farmers. The first is many times the second. Indeed, it is not at all obvious that in the long run, today's farmers are better off than they would be if the program had never been implemented. Of course, in any given year, cancelling the program would be quite painful. The first section of this book, then, is devoted to this problem.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Criminal Law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Responsibility and Criminal Law -- I. Law as Purposeful Activity -- II. Criminal Law and the Liberal Society -- III. The Two-Fold Aim -- IV. Responsibility -- V. Two Models of Responsibility -- 3. Law and Society -- I. Liability, Grading, and Allotment -- II. Excuse, Justification, and Mitigation -- III. Law and Society -- 4. The Requirement of Conduct -- I. The Act Doctrine -- II. Definitions and Terminology -- III. Omissions -- IV. Limitations of the Doctrine -- 5. Voluntariness -- I. Voluntariness and the Act Doctrine -- II. Involuntary and Nonvoluntary Conduct -- III. Objectivity and Subjectivity -- IV. Voluntariness and the Rationale of Excuses -- 6. Intentionality -- I. Intentionality -- II. Intentionality as Desire and Foresight -- III. Intentionality, Probabilities, and Purposes -- IV. Import and Implications -- 7. Knowledge and Foresight -- I. Introduction -- II. Knowledge and Foresight -- III. Taking Risks -- IV. Negligence -- V. Exculpatory Mistakes -- 8. Responsibility and Conditional Liability -- I. Introduction -- II. Choice and Control -- III. Opportunities and Responsibility -- IV. Primary (Potency) Responsibility -- V. Prior Fault -- VI. Conclusion -- Reference Bibliography -- Table of Cases Cited or Consulted.
    Abstract: autonomy principally in tenns of the agent's conscious choice of ends or conduct. From this, the cognitivist emphasis on mental states and their contents naturally follows. The presence of specified mental states, as signifying agent choice, thus becomes the hallmark of responsible conduct. Capacities model theorists, by contrast, interpret personal autonomy and agent responsibility in tenns of the looser notion of 'control'. From this perspective, conscious choosing is but one (highly responsible) instance of such control, and the presence or absence of mental states is primarily relevant to detennining degrees of responsibility. The examination of these two models occupies the bulk of this manuscript. Exploration of the capacities model and criticism of the orthodox view also generate treatment of legal issues such as the use of negligence liability, the nature of criminal omissions, the character of various legal defenses, and so on. Chapters 2 and 3 set out some of the thematic arguments outlined above and introduce tenninology and useful distinctions. Chapters 4 through 7 provide substantive analyses of agent responsibility and of standards of criminal liability. In these chapters, I argue for the comparative superiority of the capacities model of responsibility and offer recommendations for changes in current legal conceptions and standards of liability. Each chapter centers on an element of individual responsibility and related legal concerns. The final chapter, Chapter 8, comprises an overview of the integrated theory of responsibility and liability and its comparison with the traditional view.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Subjectivism -- II Objectivism -- III. Relationism -- IV. Panaestheticism -- V. Relativism and Universalism -- VI. Monism and Pluralism -- VII. Aesthetic Values in Avant-Garde Art -- VIII. Performance -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: What is aesthetic value? A property in an object? An experience of a perceiving person? An ideal object existing in a mysterious sphere, inaccessible to normal cognition? Does it appear in one form only, or in many forms, perhaps infinitely many? Is it something constant, immutable, or rather something susceptible to change, depending on the individual, the cultural milieu, or the epoch? Is a rational defence of aesthetic value judgements possible, or is any discussion of this topic meaningless? The above questions arise out of the most complicated philosophic problems. Volumes have been written on each of them. The discussions which continue over the centuries, the plurality of views and suggested solutions, indicate that all issues are controversial and contestable. Each view can adduce some arguments supporting it; each has some weaknesses. Another source of difficulty is the vagueness and ambiguity of the language in which the problems are discussed. This makes it hard to understand the ideas of particular thinkers and sometimes makes it impossible to decide whether different formulations express the actual divergence of views or only the verbal preferences of their authors. Let us add that this imperfection does not simply spring from inaccuracy on the part of scholars, but also results from the complexity of the problems themselves. The matter is further complicated by important factors of a social character.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789400923270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (548p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 116
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 116
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Apologia pro Simplicio: Galileo and the Limits of Knowledge -- Cartesian Clarity and Cartesian Motion -- Hypotheses and Certainty in Cartesian Science -- Descartes and the Method of Analysis and Synthesis -- Physical and Metaphysical Atomism: 1666–1682 -- The Foundation of All Philosophy: Newton’s Third Rule -- Conscilience and Natural Kind Reasoning -- Leibniz’s ‘Hypothesis Physica Nova’: A Conjunction of Models for Explaining Phenomena -- Russell’s Conundrum: On the Relation of Leibniz’s Monads to the Continuum -- The Philosophers of Gambling -- Reductive Realism and the Problem of Affection in Kant -- The Paradox of Transcendental Knowledge -- Mesmer in a Mountain Bar: Anthropological Difference, Butts and Mesmerism -- History, Discovery and Induction: Whewell on Kepler on the Orbit of Mars -- For Method: Or Against Feyerabend -- World Pictures: The World of the History and Philosophy of Science -- Learning from the Past -- Reduction Without Reductionism? -- Models of Scientific Knowledge -- Circles Without Circularity -- On Applying Learnability Theory to the Rationalism-Empiricism Controversy -- The Relationship between Consciousness and Language -- Realism for Shopkeepers: Behaviouralist Notes on Constructive Empiricism -- Why Thematic Kinships Between Events Do Not Attest Their Causal Linkage -- Neo-Darwinism: Form and Content -- Publications of Robert E. Butts -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    Abstract: The best philosophy of science during the last generation has been highly historical; and the best history of science, highly philosophical. No one has better exemplified this intimate relationship between history and philosophy than has Robert E. Butts in his work. Through­ out his numerous writings, science, its philosophy, and its history have been treated as a seamless web. The result has been a body of work that is sensitive in its conception, ambitious in its scope, and illuminat­ ing in its execution. Not only has his work opened new paths of inquiry, but his enthusiasm for the discipline, his encouragement of others (particularly students and younger colleagues), and his tireless efforts to build an international community of scholars, have stimulated the growth of HPS throughout Europe and North America. Many of the essays in this volume reflect that influence. Our title, of course, is deliberately ambiguous. The essays herein are by colleagues and former students, all of us wishing to honour an intimate friend. Happy Birthday, Bob! IX INTRODUCTION The essays herein cover a variety of concerns: from Descartes to reduction, from Galileo to gambling, from Freud's psychoanalysis to Kant's thing-in-itself. But under this diversity there is an approach common to them all. Things are largely done with a concern for and a sensitivity to historical matters (including contemporary history, of course).
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789400909878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (552p) , digital
    Edition: 1
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Critial Essays -- Is Science Really Inductive? -- Bolzano’s Theory of Induction -- Cellular Space Models: New Formalism for Simulation and Science -- Some Reflections on Logical Truth as A Priori -- Semantics and Ontology: Arthur Burks and the Computational Perspective -- Names and Attitudes -- Machines and Behavior -- Finite Automata and Human Beings -- On Guiding Rules -- Actuality and Potentiality -- Burks’s Logic of Conditionals -- Presuppositions and the Normative Content of Probability Statements -- Arthur Burks on the Presuppositions of Induction -- Taking Physical Probability Seriously -- Presuppositions of Induction -- Scientific Objectivity and the Evaluation of Hypotheses -- II: The Philosophy of Logical Mechanism -- The Philosophy of Logical Mechanism Replies by Arthur W. Burks -- Bibliography of Works by Arthur W. Burks -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This work is divided into two parts. Part I contains sixteen critical es­ says by prominent philosophers and computer scientists. Their papers offer insightful, well-argued contemporary views of a broad range of topics that lie at the heart of philosophy in the second half of the twen­ tieth century: semantics and ontology, induction, the nature of prob­ ability, the foundations of science, scientific objectivity, the theory of naming, the logic of conditionals, simulation modeling, the relatiOn be­ tween minds and machines, and the nature of rules that guide be­ havior. In this volume honoring Arthur W. Burks, the philosophical breadth of his work is thus manifested in the diverse aspects of that work chosen for discussion and development by the contributors to his Festschrift. Part II consists of a book-length essay by Burks in which he lays out his philosophy of logical mechanism while responding to the papers in Part I. In doing so, he provides a unified and coherent context for the range of problems raised in Part I, and he highlights interesting relationships among the topics that might otherwise have gone un­ noticed. Part II is followed by a bibliography of Burks's published works.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789400923355
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (724p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Style. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Tractatus Brevis -- The Passions of the Soul and the Elements in the Onto-Poiesis of Culture: The Life-Significance of Literature -- I The Dialectic of the Passions and the Elemental Passions in Literature — surveying the foundations — -- Descartes and Hobbes on the Passions -- Beware of the Beasts! Spinoza and the Elemental Passions in German Literature: Lessing, Goethe, Stifter -- Speakable and Unspeakable Passions in English Neoclassical and Romantic Poetry -- Desire: An Elemental Passion in Hegel’s Phenomenology -- German Expressionism and the Human Passions -- II The Sublime, an Essential Factor in the Elemental Passions of the Soul -- Longinus’ On the Sublime and the Role of the Creative Imagination -- The Passion of Finitude and Poetic Creation: On Pedro Salinas’s El Contemplado -- Juilo Cortázar: La pasión de ser y del ser -- Nostalgia and the Child Topoi: Metaphors of Disruption and Transcendence in the Work of Joseph Brodsky, Marc Chagall and Andrei Tarkovsky -- Apollonian Eros and the Fruits of Failure in the Poetic Pursuit of Being: Notes on the Rape of Daphne -- III Elemental Passions of the Soul: Love and Death -- A Tragic Phenomenon: Aspects of Love and Hate in Racine’s Theater -- “The Gulf of the Soul”: Melville’s Pierre and the Representation of Aesthetic Failure -- Love and Will in The Awakening -- The Passionate Self-Destruction of Hester Prynne -- Death, and the Elemental Passion of the Soul: An Ancient Philosophical Thesis, with Poetic Counterpoint -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato’s Phaedrus -- The Plight of the Couple in Beckett’s All Strange A way -- Narration and the Face of Anxiety in Henry James’ “The Beast in the Jungle” -- IV The Passional Expansion of the Soul: Mind, Body, Space, Being -- Czeslaw Milosz’s Passion for “Place”: Soul’s Knowing under “The Wormwood Star” -- L’espace poétique — pour une analogie phénomenologique sans entrave (Bachelard et Calinescu) -- The Plight of the Siamese Twin: Mind, Body, and Value in John Barth’s “Petition” -- Hecuba’s Grief, Polydorus’ Corpse, and the Transference of Perspective -- Elemental Substances and Their Drama in the Mayan Imagination as Perceived in Popol Vuh -- Fusion of Feeling and Nature in Wordsworthian and Classical Chinese Poetry -- V The Inward Recesses of the Passional Soul -- The Passion of Apprehension: The Soul’s Activity as the Agent Intellect in James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man -- Nietzsche and Creative Passion in Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being -- Obsessive Passion: A Structuring Motif in Flaubert’s Work -- Boundaries: The Primal Force and Human Face of Evil -- Poe’s “Loss of Breath” and the Problem of Writing -- Milan Kundera’s Polyphonic Compositions: Appropriations or Disseminations? -- The Semiotics of Self-Revelation in Eugene O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones -- From Passion to Self-Reflexivity: A Holistic Approach to Consciousness and Literature -- The Passions Observed: The Visionary Poetics of Ezra Pound -- Is Life in Literature a Fiction? -- Closure -- Finitude, Infinitude and the Imago Dei in Catherine of Siena and Descartes -- Index of Names.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925793
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 34
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One / Knowledge By Inference -- Two / Problems About Proof and Implication -- Three / Mill’s Positive Theories of Inference and the Syllogism -- Four / The Possibility of Inductive Reasoning -- Five / Logic and the Objective World -- Six / Global Empiricism -- Seven / The Relativity of Knowledge -- Eight / The World and Its Subject -- Nine / Mill’s Inconsistent Empiricism -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: 'Nobody reads Mill today,' wrote a reviewer in Time magazine a few years ago. ! One could scarcely praise Mr Melvin Maddocks, who penned that remark, for his awareness of the present state of Mill studies, for of all nineteenth century philosophers who wrote in English, it is 1. S. Mill who remains the most read today. Yet it would not be so far from the truth to say that very few people pay much serious attention nowadays to Mill's writings about logic and metaphysics (as distinct from those on ethical and social issues), despite the fact that Mill put enormous effort into their composition and through them exerted a considerable influen­ ce on the course of European philosophy for the rest of his century. But the only sections of A System of Logic (1843) and An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy (1865) to which much reference is now made comprise only a small proportion of those very large books, and the prevailing assumption is that Mill's theories about logical and meta­ physical questions are, with few exceptions, of merely antiquarian in­ terest. Bertrand Russell once said that Mill's misfortune was to be born at the wrong time (Russell (1951), p. 2). It can certainly appear that Mill chose an inauspicious time to attempt a major work on logic.
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