MPI für ethnologische Forschung, Halle/Saale

I / The Origin and Development of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 1. The Rise of the Lvov—Warsaw School and the Periods in its Development -- 2. Kazimierz Twardowski and the Lvov Stage -- 3. The Lvov—Warsaw School Between the World Wars -- 4. World War II and the Post-1945 Period -- 5. The Typical Philosopher of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- Photographs -- II / Some Philosophical Views of Kazimierz Twardowski -- 1. Twardowski and the Philosophical Tradition -- 2. The Conception of Philosophy -- 3. Psychologism -- 4. Twardowski on Language -- 5. Twardowski on Truth -- 6. Analysis of the Word ‘Nothing’ -- 7. Problems in the Theory of Science -- 8. Conclusion -- III / The Conception of Philosophy in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 1. ?ukasiewicz -- 2. Kotarbi?ski -- 3. Ajdukiewicz -- 4. Cze?owski -- 5. Conclusion -- IV / The Development of Logic in the Lvov—Warsaw School: The Warsaw School of Logic -- 1. A Concise History of Logic in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 2. Sociological Comments on the Warsaw School of Logic -- 3. General Remarks on the Further Chapters on Logic in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- V / The Classical Sentential Calculus -- 1. ?ukasiewicz’s Parenthesis-Free Symbolism and his Criteria of Construction of Logical Systems -- 2. The Functionally Complete Classical Sentential Calculus — Axiomatic Approaches -- 3. Partial Sentential Calculi -- 4. The Sentential Calculus with Variable Functors -- 5. Ja?kowski’s System of Natural Deduction -- 6. The Metalogic of the Sentential Calculus -- 7. Addenda. Concluding Remarks -- VI / Non-Classical Logics -- 1. Many-Valued Logics -- 2. Modal Logic -- 3. Intuitionistic Logic -- 4. Ja?kowski’s Discursive Logic -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- VII / Le?niewski’s Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intuitive Formalism -- 3. Semantic Categories and Constructive Nominalism -- 4. Some Formal Properties of Le?niewski’s Systems -- 5. Protothetic -- 6. Ontology -- 7. Mereology -- 8. The Controversy over Le?niewski. Conclusion -- VIII / Metamathematics, the Foundations of Mathematics and the Semantic Conception of Truth -- 1. Metamathematics -- 2. Tarski’s Semantic Theory of Truth. An Introduction -- 3. The Semantic Theory of Truth. The Formal Aspect -- 4. The Semantic Theory of Truth. The Philosophical Aspect -- 5. The General Conception of Semantics -- IX / History of Logic and Interpretations of Traditional Logic. The Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics -- 1. History of Logic -- 2. Interpretations of Traditional Logic -- 3. The Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics -- X / Logic, Semantics and Cognition: The Epistemology of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz -- 1. The Conception of Meaning -- 2. Radical Conventionalism -- 3. Rejection of Radical Conventionalism -- 4. Toward Radical Empiricism -- 5. Semantics, Epistemology, Ontology -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- XI / Logic, Semantics and the World: The Ontology of Tadeusz Kotarbi?ski -- 1. Genuine and Apparent Names -- 2. Ontological Reism: The Basic Thesis -- 3. The Problem of the Interpretation of the Fundamental Thesis of Reism -- 4. Pansomatism and Radical Realism -- 5. Reism and Materialism -- 6. Why Reism? -- 7. The Troubles of Reism -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix to Chapters X – XI / Further Epistemological and Ontological Problems Discussed in the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 1. Scepticism -- 2. Foundationalism, Fallibilism, Conventionalism, Truth -- 3. What Exists? -- 4. The Mind-Body Problem -- 5. Time, Space, Causality, and Quantum Theory -- 6. Conclusion -- XII / The Philosophy of Language -- 1. Conceptions of Meaning -- 2. Analytic Sentences -- 3. Empty Names -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- XIII / The Philosophy of Science -- 1. Reasoning and Its Modes -- 2. Induction, Probability, and Justification -- 3. The General Picture of the Scientific Method and Scientific Theories -- XIV / Once More History and Beyond -- 1. The Lvov—Warsaw School and Logical Empiricism -- 2. The Problem of the Unity of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- 3. The Lvov—Warsaw School or the Lvov School and the Warsaw School? -- 4. The Importance of the Lvov—Warsaw School -- Notes -- List of the Philosophers of the Lvov—Warsaw School Mentioned in this Book -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.