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  • 1995-1999  (272)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (272)
  • Philosophy (General)  (212)
  • History  (73)
  • Artificial intelligence  (40)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 344 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Philosophical aspects of law and jurisprudence are investigated from various points of view. This collection represents the analytic approach to legal philosophy. However, this approach is not extreme in the sense that it is limited exclusively to linguistic matters. The concept of norm as a directive of conduct is the central category analyzed in particular essays. The structure of directives as well as their semantic and pragmatic roles are studied. Pragmatic functions of directives are linked with their functioning as speech acts. Moreover, existence and validity of norms are analyzed. The author also touches on general methodological problems of legal theory and philosophy, particularly their relations to social sciences. The collection covers material interesting for philosophers, lawyers and social scientists
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401726726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy—History. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: The 11 essays collected here have been composed by members of the North American Spinoza Society. They exhibit the fruits of the research, investigation and erudition of an array of established scholars and newer students whose interpretations of Spinoza's philosophical doctrines are receiving critical acclaim. This is the first collection in the English language dedicated exclusively to topics, problems or questions raised by the teachings found in Baruch Spinoza's Tractatus theologico-politicus. Divided into the themes of piety, peace, and the freedom to philosophize, the essays treat Spinoza's views on faith and philosophy, miracles, the light of Scripture, political power, religion, the state, the body politic, the idea of tolerance, and philosophic communication, as well as his connections to Walter Benjamin, Blaise Pascal, David Hume, and his Jewish heritage. Readership: An excellent collection for students and scholars studying Spinoza, the history of early modern philosophy, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, and those concerned with theologico-political questions
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401592956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 205
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 205
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Chemistry ; Geology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations.
    Abstract: In this posthumous book, the late Professor R. Hooykaas (1906-1994) conveys a lifetime of historical thought about modes of scientific advance over the centuries. In what variety of ways has the human mind, with all its subjectivity and its capacity for self-deception, but also its piercing gifts of discovery, managed to come to terms with `the whimsical tricks of nature'? Central to this erudite, penetrating, and widely ranging study is Hooykaas's distinction between facts (given by nature yet entirely subject to our mode of interpreting them), faith (broad conceptions like the idea of order, of simplicity, or of harmony), and fictions in the sense of those daring intellectual tools, such as theories and hypotheses and models, which reflect the scientist's creative imagination. Case studies drawn from the history of all branches of science (including chemistry and the earth sciences) and from Antiquity to the present day, serve to widen and to deepen the understanding of every reader (whether a historian of science or not) with a desire to learn more about the realities of the scientific pursuit
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401734004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 366 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; History ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The outstanding points of The Neglected Canon are that it provides a multicultural anthology of women philosophers: Chinese, European, North and Central American, that it provides a history of women philosophers through selected works from the first century to the beginning of the twentieth century, and that it provides unusual comprehensiveness in its bibliographies, biographies, and introductions to the works. In these three points it offers a more complete text than any yet on the market in this field. Designed for the readership of the advanced college student, it serves as a classroom text for a course in women philosophers, as a supplementary text to introductory courses in philosophy, or in such specific courses as epistemology. It is also designed to serve as a resource for women's history and women's studies
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401718080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 364 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 150
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 150
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Phenomenology, according to Husserl, is meant to be philosophy as rigorous science. It was Franz Brentano who inspired him to pursue the ideal of scientific philosophy. Though Husserl began his philosophical career as an orthodox disciple of Brentano, he eventually began to have doubts about this orientation. The Logische Unterschungen is the result of such doubts. Especially after the publication of that work, he became increasingly convinced that, in the interests of scientific philosophy, he had to go in a direction which diverged from Brentano and other members of this school (`Brentanists') who believed in the same ideal. An attempt is made here to ascertain Husserl's philosophical relation to Brentano and certain other Brentanists (Carl Stumpf, Benno Kerry, Kasimir Twardowski, Alexius Meinong, and Anton Marty). The crucial turning point in the development of these relations is to be found in the essay which Husserl wrote in 1894 (particularly in response to Twardowski) under the title `Intentional Objects' (which is translated as an appendix in this volume). This study will be of interest to historians of philosophy and phenomenology in particular, but also to anyone concerned with the ideal of scientific philosophy
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 162
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 162
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Romance languages ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: The Christianopolis (1619) of Johann Valentin Andreae describes in great detail a utopian community of scholar-craftsmen, as seen through the eyes of a naïve young traveller. It is a multi-level text, carefully constructed to provide both entertainment and a critique of contemporary society and religion, which could also be read as the prospectus for the establishment of a new community. This new translation aims to clarify Andreae's elliptical Latin for the first time by identifying parallel passages, allusions and sources for his ideas, and by linking Christianopolis with Andreae's other work as satirist, dramatist, poet and mathematician. A new model of his revision of ideas drawn from Campanella is put forward, and the politico-economic principles embodied in the text are explored. The translation should be of interest to students of the history of utopian ideas, and the history of economic thought
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 192 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Logic ; Ontology ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: A focus on reasons for action and practical reason is the perspective chosen by many contemporary legal philosophers for the analysis of some central questions of their discipline. This book offers a critical evaluation of that approach, by carefully examining the empirical, logical and normative problems hidden behind the concepts of `reason for action' and `practical reasoning'. Unlike most other works in this field, it is a meta-theoretical study which analyses and compares how different theories use the notion of reason in their reconstruction of problems concerning issues such as normativity, the acceptance of norms, or the justification of judicial decisions. This book is directed primarily to scholars specializing in legal theory and concerned with the contribution practical philosophy can make to it, but it also contains important arguments and insights for all those interested in the controversy between legal positivists and their critics, in the theory of human action or in reason-based practical theories in general
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401592376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 216 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 164
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 164
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; History ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book twelve outstanding historians of early modern philosophy undertake a study of the philosophy of Johannes Clauberg (1622-1665). Clauberg was not only among the first followers of Descartes (whose philosophy he taught from 1650 in Herborn and from 1652 until the end of his life in Duisburg) but also assured its survival as an academic philosophy by giving it a more traditional and more didactic expression. A first group of articles deals with Clauberg's early metaphysics as it found its expression in his Ontosophia of 1646 (republished with very considerable changes in 1664), the way it was influenced by Comenius (Leinsle), its relation to Malebranche (Bardout) and Wolff (École) and the way in which it illustrates the difficulties of a Cartesian ontology in general (Carraud). A second group of articles deals with problems of knowledge: knowledge of God (Goudriaan), perceptual knowledge (Spruit) and causality (Pätzold). There are also articles on Clauberg's curious attempt to deal philosophically with the etymology of the German language (Weber), Clauberg as a teacher of Descartes' Principia (Verbeek), Clauberg's conception of corporeal substance (Mercer), and Clauberg's relation to later, more radical developments in Cartesian philosophy, especially in Lodewijk Meyer (Albrecht). The volume is completed by a biographical introduction and a short title bibliography of Clauberg's works, which allows an appreciation of Clauberg's lasting international influence. It is the first study on this scale of one of the most influential philosophers of the seventeenth century
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 289 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401592932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 206
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Hermeneutics was elaborated as a specific art of understanding in humanities. The discovered paradigmatic, historical characteristics of scientific knowledge, and the role of rhetoric, interpretation and contextuality enabled us to use similar arguments in natural sciences too. In this way a new research field, the hermeneutics of science emerged based upon the works of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger and Gadamer. A dialogue between philosophers and scientists begins in this volume on hermeneutic approaches to physics, biology, ethology, mathematics and cognitive science. Scientific principles, methodologies, discourse, language, and metaphors are analyzed, as well as the role of the lay public and the legitimation of science. Different hermeneutical-phenomenological approaches to perception, experiments, methods, discovery and justification and the genesis of science are presented. Hermeneutics shed a new light on the incommensurability of paradigms, the possibility of translation and the historical understanding of science
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401723909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computer engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Electrical engineering.
    Abstract: This book is intended for researchers who want to keep abreast of current developments in corpus-based natural language processing. It captures the essence of a series of highly successful workshops organized over the last few years. The papers cover a range of current research topics in this field including part-of-speech tagging, word sense disambiguation, parsing on real-life texts, working with parallel corpora and improved techniques for document processing
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 355 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 48
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Nature Conservation ; Philosophy of nature ; Environmental management ; History ; Human Geography ; Ecology . ; Conservation biology.
    Abstract: Nature and Identity in Cross-Cultural Perspective presents 20 essays which explore diverse cultural interpretations of the earth's surface. Contrasted with each other and with the potentially cosmopolitan culture of science, these detailed studies of ways in which different cultures conceptualise nature appear in the context of global environmental change. Understanding across cultural lines has never been more important. This book shows how individual cultures see their own histories as offering protection for nature, while often viewing others as lacking such ethical restraints. Through such writing a discourse of understanding and common action becomes possible. The authors come from the places they discuss, and offer passionate as well as scholarly visions of nature within their cultural homes. Audience: This volume is of interest to academics and professionals working in the fields of cultural geography, environmental history, environmental studies, history of environmental ideas, environmental education, landscape and literature, nature and culture. It can be used for courses in the above-mentioned areas and seminars in comparative literature. It can also be used as a complimentary text to provide cultural context to literary readings, and for seminars on cultural aspects of the environment
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401720434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 344 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 281
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Music ; Quantum physics. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A vivid and comprehensive picture of the current state of research in all directions of logic and philosophy of science. The book presents a wide combination of papers containing relevant technical results in the foundations of science and papers devoted to conceptual analyses, deeply rooted in advanced present-day research. Audience: The volume is attractive both for specialists in foundational questions and scholars interested in general epistemology
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401592871
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Business. ; Management science. ; Management.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of essays devoted to questions of international business that present fresh road maps to analyze business ethics topics of universal concern. Peter Earl and Matthew Hirshberg set up the context with accounts of implications of Western economic theory. Ian Grant raises the question of amorality in business. As Patricia Werhane and Alan Singer conclude, though, ethics is embedded in all that we do. Catherine Casey, Suchitra Mouly, Amelia Smith, Jay Sanakaran, Kate Kearins, Keith Hooper, David Coy, Glynn Owens, and V. Nilakant deal with ethical issues concerning organizational culture, management communication, and employee empowerment, and Ming Singer links moral development to workplace justice. Four studies of cultural traditions, Alejo Sison's study of the Philippines, Shioji and Nakano's analysis of Japanese traditions, and Wong Wai-Ying and Po-Keung Ip's essays on Confucian ethics find that the underlying value system in each culture strongly influences business. Stan Godlovitch and Singer conclude the collection, demonstrating that we have made some moral progress in business, politics, and science, as Werhane points out in her essay on environmental sustainability. New mind sets are crucial for moral and material progress, and, they conclude, we are capable of such development
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 195 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Anapolitanos critically examines and evaluates three basic characteristics of the Leibnizian metaphysical system: Leibniz's version of representation; the principle of continuity; and space, time, and the phenomenally spatio-temporal. Chapter I discusses representation, especially as it refers to the connection between the real and the phenomenal levels of Leibniz's system. Chapter II examines the principle of continuity, including continuity as a general feature of every level of Leibniz's metaphysics. The position adopted is that the problem of the composition of the continuum played a central role on the development of Leibniz's non-spatial and non-temporal monadic metaphysics. The machinery developed is then used to offer a new interpretation of Leibniz' metaphysics of space and time. The notion of indirect representation is used to construct appropriate models that clarify the nature of the correspondence between the real and the phenomenal levels in the case of the relations `spatially between' and `temporally between', as well as in the cases of spatial and temporal density. Finally, Leibniz's solution to the problem of the continuum is discussed, arguing that it is not entirely satisfactory. A non-anachronistic alternative is proposed, compatible with Leibniz's metaphysics of substance
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401142090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 250 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 63
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Algebra ; Geometry ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: A compact survey, at the elementary level, of some of the most important concepts of mathematics. Attention is paid to their technical features, historical development and broader philosophical significance. Each of the various branches of mathematics is discussed separately, but their interdependence is emphasised throughout. Certain topics - such as Greek mathematics, abstract algebra, set theory, geometry and the philosophy of mathematics - are discussed in detail. Appendices outline from scratch the proofs of two of the most celebrated limitative results of mathematics: the insolubility of the problem of doubling the cube and trisecting an arbitrary angle, and the Gödel incompleteness theorems. Additional appendices contain brief accounts of smooth infinitesimal analysis - a new approach to the use of infinitesimals in the calculus - and of the philosophical thought of the great 20th century mathematician Hermann Weyl. Readership: Students and teachers of mathematics, science and philosophy. The greater part of the book can be read and enjoyed by anyone possessing a good high school mathematics background
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401142311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 73
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Computational semantics is concerned with computing the meanings of linguistic objects such as sentences, text fragments, and dialogue contributions. As such it is the interdisciplinary child of semantics, the study of meaning and its linguistic encoding, and computational linguistics, the discipline that is concerned with computations on linguistic objects. From one parent computational semantics inherits concepts and techniques that have been developed under the banner of formal (or model-theoretic) semantics. This blend of logic and linguistics applies the methods of logic to the description of meaning. From the other parent the young discipline inherits methods and techniques for parsing sentences, for effective and efficient representation of syntactic structure and logical form, and for reasoning with semantic information. Computational semantics integrates and further develops these methods, concepts and techniques. This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. It is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who want to know more about the algorithmic realisation of meaning in natural language and about what is happening in this field of research. There is a general introduction by the editors
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401145992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Artificial intelligence ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: At present there exists no empirically-motivated theory of how perceivers assign a grammatically-permissible interpretation to a sentence. Implicit in many investigations of language comprehension is the idea that each constituent of a sentence is interpreted by the perceiver at the earliest conceivable point, using all potentially relevant sources of information. A variety of counter examples are presented to argue against this implicit theory of sentence interpretation. It is argued that an explicit alternative theory is needed to specify which decisions are made at which points during interpretive processing and to spell out the principles governing the processor's preferred choice at points of ambiguity or uncertainty. Several specific issues are taken concerning how the processor assigns a focal structure to an input sentence, how it identifies the topic of the sentence, how implicit restrictors on the domain of quantification are interpreted and how the identification of the content of a restrictor may guide the processor's use of discourse information. Exploiting intuitions about preferred interpretations of ambiguous sentences as well as the results of both old and new experimental studies, a theory of the preferred interpretation of Determiner Phrases is presented. This work explores important, but overlooked questions in on-line sentence interpretation and attempts to erect some of the scaffolding for an eventual theory of sentence interpretation
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401716116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; History
    Abstract: Freud's Philosophy of the Unconscious is the only comprehensive, systematic study of Sigmund Freud's philosophy of mind. Freud emerges as a sophisticated philosopher who addresses many of the central questions that concern contemporary philosophers and cognitive scientists while anticipating many of their views. While still a student in Vienna, Freud was initiated into philosophy by Franz Brentano. The book charts Freud's intellectual development as he deals with the mind-body problem, the nature of consciousness, folk psychology versus scientific psychology, the relationship between language and thought, realism and antirealism in psychology, and the nature of unconscious mental events. The book also critically examines writings on Freud by Wittgenstein, Davidson, and Searle, demonstrating their weakness as interpretations and criticisms of Freud's position. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and psychiatrists
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401735070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 166
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 166
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Despite the importance of Leibniz's mature philosophy, his early work has been relatively neglected. This collection begins with an overview of his formative years and includes 12 original papers by internationally-known scholars. The contributions reflect the wide range of the young Leibniz's philosophical interests and his interests in related subjects, including law, physics and theology. Some chapters explore his relationship to other philosophers, including his teachers in Leipzig and Jena and his Paris friend Tschirnhaus, as well as Hobbes and Spinoza. Others focus on particular periods or texts and deal with themes ranging from ethics and free-will to his philosophically-significant account of transubstantiation and his early monadology. Some of the topics are familiar to Leibniz students - harmony, sufficient reason and possible worlds, for instance - but others are less familiar - for instance, his attitude to historical truth, millenarianism and the relation of mathematics to the natural world. The book provides an introduction to Leibniz's early philosophy and throws light on the development of some of the doctrines with which he is particularly associated
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  • 21
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592734
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 334 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: This book provides an in-depth discussion of the field of syntactic wordclass tagging, i.e. the annotation of the words in a text with tags indicating their syntactic properties. Represented are the viewpoints of the two main groups who take an interest in tagging: the users of tagged text and the developers of tagging software. The book starts out by examining the field foremost from the user's point of view. After a brief historical overview, the nature and uses of tagging are discussed and current practice is described. Here the user will find what tagging is and the software developer what it is the user wants. The book then switches to the other point of view and continues with a detailed explanation of the most common computational techniques for automatically tagging large amounts of text. Here the software developer finds information needed for the implementation of a tagger while the user gains insight into the possibilities and impossibilities of automatic tagging and how computer-provided tags should be interpreted
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 450 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Husserliana, Dokumente 4
    Series Statement: Husserliana: Edmund Husserl - Dokumente 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Publishers and publishing ; Printing.
    Abstract: This bibliography contains the list of Husserl's original and posthumous publications, the translations thereof and the main secondary literature on Husserl's thought in the main European languages from Husserl's earliest publication (1887) up to the present day (1997). The volume includes books, articles and book reviews both by and on Husserl. This very extensive material is made thematically accessible through various very elaborate indices. The bibliography bears witness to the ongoing undiminished interest in Husserl's philosophy and the phenomenological movement and will prove to be a very useful, if not indispensable, instrument for every scholar and student interested in phenomenology in general, and in Husserl in particular
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The papers collected here had their origin in a conference held in Montreal, 1-3 June 1995. The conference drew together researchers of all persuasions, from Europe and North America, to discuss the philosophy of mind. The volume is divided into four sections, each section being prefaced by a specific introduction. The first section deals mainly with the problem of consciousness in relation to intentionality. The second section's main topic is the problem of `qualia', a notion closely related to phenomenal consciousness, approached in the context of perception. The last two sections raise several problems related to what has been called `folk psychology'. Readership: Philosophers interested in philosophy of mind, psychologists, cognitive scientists
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401732659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 208
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 208
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The author argues that a reconstruction of scientific laws should give an account of laws relating phenomena to underlying mechanisms generating them, as well as of laws relating this mechanism to its inherent capacities. While contemporary philosophy of science deals only with the former, the author provides the concept for the reconstruction of scientific laws, where the knowledge of the phenomena enables one to grasp the quantity of their cause. He then provides the concepts for scientific laws dealing with the relation of the quantity and quality of the cause underlying phenomena to the quality and quantity of its capacities. Finally, he provides concepts for scientific laws expressing how a certain cause, due to the quantity and quality of its capacities, generates the quantitative and qualitative determinations of its manifestations. The book is intended for philosophers of science and philosophers of social science, as well as for natural and social scientists
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  • 25
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401724265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 161
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 161
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Over the past twenty-five years - since the very large collection of Newton's papers became available and began to be seriously examined - the beginnings of a new picture of Newton has emerged. This volume of essays builds upon the foundation of its authors in their previous works and extends and elaborates the emerging picture of the `new' Newton, the great synthesizer of science and religion as revealed in his intellectual context
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401729901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 378 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 275
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: The development of research connected with artificial intelligence and the cognitive sciences obliges us to confront further components of the traditional problem of form. In particular, the debate about bottom up and top down processes seems to suggest that the difference in cognitive processes is more a difference of degree than of kind internally to a form, i.e. a structure, consisting of different layers. Even if there is no single or fundamental theory of forms, in this volume the concept of form is analyzed in different fields (ranging from ontology to language, mathematics, and psychology , and in its different aspects according to a more modern theory of knowledge
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401728508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 205 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Ontology ; Self. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: What, ultimately, is there good reason to do? This book proposes a unified theory of agent-dependent reasons and agent-independent reasons. It holds that principles which assign reasons to agents are valid if and only if they make maximally good sense in the light of relevant data and background theories. The theory avoids problems encountered by views associated with Nagel, Parfit, Brandt, Hubin, Gert, Baier, and Tiberius, amongst others. By what criteria should a normative theory of ultimate reasons be judged? Plausible meta-level criteria emerge from a process of identifying the criteria that have been used, sometimes unwittingly, by various theorists; categorizing and evaluating the criteria in the light of each other; and proposing revisions on that basis. This method escapes the drawbacks of rival approaches, such as those associated with Parfit, Gert, and Darwall. The resulting criteria cast a favorable light on the proposed normative theory of ultimate reasons
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401720830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 514 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Science and philosophy have both undergone radical transformations in recent times. Now they are poised for a pivotal alliance. Science has abandoned the mechanistic model of nature. Philosophy has broken through the tight, traditional circle of conceptualisation, intellectualistic preconceptions and cognitive presuppositions. The two now meet to focus on the palpitating, fluctuating stream of nature/life. Their traditional prejudices dispersed under the pressure of new evidence, philosophy/phenomenology of life and the sciences of life meet in the Archimedean point of the human creative condition (proper to the phenomenology of life) and the role of the human subject (central to the scientific view of reality). They necessitate each other: without the sciences of life, philosophy/phenomenology of life cannot penetrate the intricacies of nature/life; without recourse to philosophy to delineate, design, provide clues to the organisation of natural evidence, the sciences of life cannot devise new strategies for inquiry nor survey their field. The present collection throws open the barriers that separate nature and culture, works of physis and those of the spirit. Following the philosophical model of the ontopoieisis of life, focusing on its specifically human sphere - that of the human self-interpretation-in-existence - it encircles the vast, new horizons of the new alliance
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  • 29
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 197
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 197
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In The Natural Background to Meaning Denkel argues that meaning in language is an outcome of the evolutionary development of forms of animal communication, and explains this process by naturalising the Locke-Grice approach. The roots of meaning are contained in observable regularities, which are manifestations of objective connections such as essences and causal relations. Denkel's particularistic ontology of properties and causation leads to a view of time that harmonises B-theory with transience. Time's passage, he argues, is a necessary condition of communication and meaning. The book connects some central topics in the philosophies of language, science and ontology, treating them within the framework of a single theory. It will interest not only professional philosophers doing research on meaning, universals, causation and time, but also students, who can consult it as a textbook examining Grice's theory of meaning
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592895
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: In May 1998, a distinguished group of philosophers met in Munich to discuss the rationality of theism. This volume is a collection of the papers read at that conference. While in recent years the rationality of theistic belief has been widely discussed, the Munich conference was an event of some moment in the history of philosophical dialogue: for the first time German- and English-speaking philosophers of religion, representatives of both the Continental and the Anglo-Saxon traditions, joined together to grapple with a common philosophical theme. This multiplicity of perspectives brought a unique richness to the analysis of rationality that no one tradition by itself could provide. Readers will find that richness displayed in the pages of this book. Professional philosophers will find here a great deal to stimulate and challenge them; but graduate students, capable undergraduates, and all others with a serious interest in the philosophy of religion will be well rewarded for their efforts to come to grips with these thought-provoking papers
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401721134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 238 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 278
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The essays in this volume develop the ideas of Kant, Hegel and Husserl, leading to an explication of the fundamental concepts of logic - the concepts of `judgment', `truth' and the modalities. It is a book on philosophy of logic, spanning the gap between Kant and Hegel on the one hand, and Husserl, Frege and Lask on the other, mediated by such thinkers as Heidegger and König. With the rejection of psychologism, logic is to be construed as concerned with meanings, meanings are to be tied nevertheless to intentional acts of thinking, truth becomes a coherence-theoretical reconstruction of correspondence and, in their origin, modalities are connected to the horizontal character of experience. At one end, logic develops, through formal and transcendental logics, to speculative logic. At the other end, pursuing the practical roots of thinking, it becomes hermeneutic logic. Then we begin to see the nature of logic as a whole. Audience::Philosophers and logicians, both graduate and post-graduate
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401709521
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Most of the books about computational (lexical) semantic lexicons deal with the depth (or content) aspect of lexicons, ignoring the breadth (or coverage) aspect. This book presents a first attempt in the community to address both issues: content and coverage of computational semantic lexicons, in a thorough manner. Moreover, it addresses issues which have not yet been tackled in implemented systems such as the application time of lexical rules. Lexical rules and lexical underspecification are also contrasted in implemented systems. The main approaches in the field of computational (lexical) semantics are represented in the present book (including Wordnet, CyC, Mikrokosmos, Generative Lexicon). This book embraces several fields (and subfields) as different as: linguistics (theoretical, computational, semantics, pragmatics), psycholinguistics, cognitive science, computer science, artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, statistics and natural language processing. The book also constitutes a very good introduction to the state of the art in computational semantic lexicons of the late 1990s
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401718523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 250 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 282
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Ontology ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of essays presents a systematic and up-to-date survey of the main aspects of Georg Henrik von Wright's philosophy, tracing the general humanistic leitmotiv to be found in his vast, varied output. The analysis covers the developments in Von Wright's thought up to the end of the 1990s. The essays are arranged thematically to focus on the chief areas of Von Wright's interests: practical rationality; human action and determinism; philosophical logic and theories of norms; research in the analytical tradition; and Wittgenstein studies. Readership: Scholars and students of moral philosophy, logic, psychology, sociology, cognitive science and the history of contemporary philosophy
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789401146333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 163
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 163
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Cultural property.
    Abstract: This work focuses on Latin Judaica and Biblical interpretation with a primary emphasis on texts that were found in the library of Archbishop Narcissus Marsh of Dublin. This remarkable collection of Latin Judaica, Polyglot Bibles, and other works sheds light on the way in which the Protestant Reformation dealt both with Jews, and the Bible, the Jewish Kabbalah and religious toleration or intolerance. The articles contained herein will be of especial interest to historians of religion and philosophy, and those dealing with Jewish-Christian relations and the manner in which Biblical interpretation was changed as a result of seventeenth-century influences. The articles also weave a new approach to the broad history of religious toleration. Philosophers, political thinkers, religious clerics, and budding anthropologists look at Judaism, Christianity, Kabbalah, and the Bible under a new and vastly more modern lens
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 301 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: As a philosopher, Stephen Erickson considers himself a messenger of sorts and the message he is delivering is an important and groundbreaking one. He convincingly argues that we are entering into a new historical moment, a period which will only be properly defined and named by those who come after us, as were the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. Erickson predicts a failure and eventual breakdown of traditional values and institutions resulting in a dramatic change in our understanding of human life. This he illustrates with clear examples from contemporary political, economic and religious circumstances. To lessen the impact of this dramatic changeover, which will be initially experienced as upheaval and global anxiety, Erickson argues that we must do all we can to come into this new era, which he has called The Age of Thresholding, with a better understanding of our past and present. Only then can the message our future holds be properly received and understood. Many have asked why and when our century's values came into being, and why they have been sustained in the manner in which they have. These are legitimate historical questions, and I hope to supply some answers. But other questions should be directed toward our future. Over what threshold might we be crossing and what will have been ventured? What will have been gained, and what will be left behind? from The (Coming) Age of Thresholding
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401147187
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook - Volume XXI - 1997 21
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: The remarkably rapid growth of knowledge and practice in human and medical genetics raises significant questions about the social and ethical readiness of scientists, physicians, and others to make appropriate decisions concerning the utilization of this new genetic knowledge and technique. The continuing `temptation' to engage in eugenic practices tracks all new moves in human genetics and construction of human genomes. This book will be of critical interest to historians, sociologists, and scientists who have concern and interest in the burgeoning field of human genetic studies and practices
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401148047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 438 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 160
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 160
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; History ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Religion.
    Abstract: The author's aim of providing an understanding of the development, content and presentation of two aspects of Descartes' philosophy of the human soul - immortality and body-soul union - has been achieved and executed with rigour, scholarship and philosophical acuity. Fowler combines close textual analysis with a consideration of the philosophical arguments and the theological background against which these arguments were developed. This contextual approach enables him to provide new insights into the nature of Descartes' philosophy, and indeed of early modern philosophy more generally. Despite the massive scholarly documentation, this finely structured and clearly written study is eminently readable. The work is a significant contribution to the world of Cartesian scholarship which professors and graduate students of Descartes, as well as the world's libraries, must have
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  • 38
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 168 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 283
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Self. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Who - or what - is an agent? How - in virtue of what - does an agent do things, or refrain from doing them? In this attempt to understand the concept of agent causality, Vollmer proposes that persons are in control of their actions in virtue of reflective consciousness, consisting of a primary, intrinsic, nonobservational awareness of one's own activity, and a capacity to form second-order thoughts about such activity. According to traditional action theory, only behaviour that an agent is aware of performing (under some description) counts as action. In Vollmer's view, however, reflective consciousness plays a more important role than just determining what someone is doing, or under what description the action is intentional. Reflective consciousness is what gives you control and renders you free. Reflective consciousness is what you are. Readership: Professionals and students interested in theoretical psychology and the theory of action
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 351 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Solidarity as a phenomenon lies like an erratic block in the midst of the moral landscape of our age. Until now, the geologists familiar with this landscape - ethicists and moral theorists - have taken it for granted, have circumnavigated it! in any case, they have been incapable of moving it. In the present volume, scientists from diverse disciplines discuss and examine the concept of solidarity, its history, its scope and its limits
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  • 40
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 285
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Many articles and books dealing with Donald Davidson's philosophy are dedicated to the papers and ideas Davidson put forward in the `sixties and `seventies. In the last two decades, however, Davidson has continued to work in many areas of philosophy, offering new contributions, many of which are highly regarded by philosophers working in the fields concerned. For instance, Davidson has considerably developed his ideas about interpretation, theory of meaning, irreducibility of the mental, causation, and action theory; he has proposed an innovative externalist conception of the mental content and a new analysis of the concept of truth; and he has partly modified his theses about event, and the supervenience of the mental on the physical. In Interpretations and Causes, some of the leading contemporary analytic philosophers discuss Davidson's new ideas in a lively, relevant, useful, and not always entirely sympathetic way. Davidson himself offers and original contribution
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401710701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 79
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 359 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 14
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Causation and Laws of Nature is a collection of articles which represents current research on the metaphysics of causation and laws of nature, mostly by authors working in or active in the Australasian region. The book provides an overview of current work on the theory of causation, including counterfactual, singularist, nomological and causal process approaches. It also covers work on the nature of laws of nature, with special emphasis on the scientific essentialist theory that laws of nature are, at base, the fundamental dispositions or capacities of natural kinds of things. Because the book represents a good cross-section of authors currently working on these themes in the Australasian region, it conveys something of the interest and excitement of an active philosophical debate between advocates of several different research programmes in the area
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401712392
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 213 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: The main focus of the book is the development of referential abilities in young children. A number of findings suggest that errors exhibited by young children in various experiments and spontaneous speech result from the inability to implement discourse-related knowledge. It is further argued that the deficiency is due to the lack of language-specific processing resources characteristic for young children. In order to support the lack of processing resources argument, certain similarities between the language of children and Broca's aphasics are also discussed. A new theoretical model of the syntax-discourse interface is presented, and it is shown how the proposed model can explain various psycholinguistic findings. The book is intended for scholars and graduate students working in the field of language acquisition and language impairment. It may also be of interest to linguists whose work focuses on the theory of syntax-discourse interface
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Linguistics ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Natural language processing (Computer science). ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: The last decade has been one of dramatic progress in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This hitherto largely academic discipline has found itself at the center of an information revolution ushered in by the Internet age, as demand for human-computer communication and information access has exploded. Emerging applications in computer-assisted information production and dissemination, automated understanding of news, understanding of spoken language, and processing of foreign languages have given impetus to research that resulted in a new generation of robust tools, systems, and commercial products. This volume focuses on the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Information Retrieval, the technology that grew out of library research to become our best hope in dealing with today's information overload. The book gives a broad overview of the work being done at the junction of these two important fields, and suggests directions for future explorations. It is organized into two loosely structured parts: The first part, consisting of Chapters 1 through 7, discusses research systems and evaluations that represent major avenues where the impact of NLP technologies in information retrieval is being explored. The second part (Chapters 8 through 14) describes specific implementations and prototypes of information systems where NLP techniques are used or proposed to assist in accurate retrieval, text categorization, question answering, and in organizing the results for the user. Audience: This book will be a valuable reference to researchers and practitioners in the fields of Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, and Computational Linguistics
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 274 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Ontology ; Law—History. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this age of collections that is ours, many volumes of collections are published. They contain contributions of several well-known authors, and their aim is to present a selective overview of a relevant field of study. This book has the same purpose. Its aim is to introduce students, scholars and all those interested in current problems of legal theory and legal philosophy to the work of the leading scholars in this field. The large number of publications, both books and articles, that have been produced over recent decades makes it quite difficult, however, for those who are making their first steps in this domain to find firm guidelines. The book is new in its genre because of its method. The choice was made not to reprint an example of contributors' earlier basic articles or a part of one of their books. This would only give a partial view of the rich texture of their work. Rather, the authors were asked to make an original synthesis of their own contributions to the field of legal theory and legal philosophy. Brought together in this volume, they constitute a truly author-ised view of their work. This book is also new in that each essay is complemented with bibliographical information in order to encourage further research on the author's self-selected work. This will help the reader rapidly to become familiar with the whole of the published work of the contributors
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  • 46
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401147705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 2
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume of ARCHIMEDES examine particular cases of `reception' in ways that emphasize pressing historiographical and methodological issues. Such issues arise in any consideration of the transmission and appropriation of scientific concepts and practices that originated in the several `centers' of European learning, subsequently to appear (often in considerably altered guise) in regions at the European periphery. They discuss the transfer of new scientific ideas, the mechanisms of their introduction, and the processes of their appropriation at the periphery. The themes that frame the discussions of the complex relationship between the origination of ideas and their reception include the ways in which the ideas of the Scientific Revolution were introduced, the particularities of their expression in each place, the specific forms of resistance encountered by these new ideas, the extent to which such expression and resistance displays national characteristics, the procedures through which new ways of dealing with nature were made legitimate, and the commonalities and differences between the methods developed by scholars for handling scientific issues
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401147040
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 274 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Einstein Meets Magritte: An Interdisciplinary Reflection on Science, Nature, Art, Human Action and Society 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Information theory ; Philosophy of nature ; Self. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: Einstein Meets Magritte: An Interdisciplinary Reflection presents insights of the renowned key speakers of the interdisciplinary Einstein meets Magritte conference (1995, Brussels Free University). The contributions elaborate on fundamental questions of science, with regard to the contemporary world, and push beyond the borders of traditional approaches. All of the articles in this volume address this fundamental theme, but somewhere along the road the volume expanded to become much more than a mere expression of the conference's dynamics. The articles not only deal with several scientific disciplines, they also confront these fields with the full spectrum of contemporary life, and become new science. As such, this volume presents a state-of-the-art reflection of science in the world today, in all its diversity. The contributions are accessible to a large audience of scientists, students, educators, and everyone who wants to keep up with science today
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401146968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Auditing ; Ethics ; Finance. ; Accounting.
    Abstract: This text provides a rare combination of a thorough understanding of banking and lending with an innovative scholarly explanation of the concept of stewardship found in accounting, corporate governance, environmental strategy and Christian social ethics. It shows the value of applying a consistent framework of resource-related social values to credit and debt. The borrowing experience of private individuals, small businesses and home buyers is considered in relation to the roles of both bankers and money advisers. Technical finance and profit are not marginalised in the decision support model presented to guide debt management operations. The book will interest practitioners within the financial services industry including money advisers. It will also be of interest to students and researchers concerned with banking, finance and business ethics. Anyone with a concern about the ethics of debt should read this book
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  • 49
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401153348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 199
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 199
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this collection of essays Allan Franklin defends the view that science provides us with knowledge about the world which is based on experimental evidence and on reasoned and critical discussion. In short, he argues that science is a reasonable enterprise. He begins with detailed studies of four episodes from the history of modern physics: (1) the early attempts to detect gravity waves, (2) how the physics community decided that a proposed new elementary particle, 17-keV neutrino, did not exist, (3) a sequence of experiments on K meson decay, and (4) the origins of the Fifth Force hypothesis, a proposed modification of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. The case studies are then used to examine issues such as how discord between experimental results is resolved, calibration of an experimental apparatus and its legitimate use in validating an experimental result, and how experimental results provide reasonable grounds for belief in both the truth of physical theories and in the existence of the entities involved in those theories. This book is a challenge to the critics of science, both postmodern and constructivist, to provide convincing alternative explanations of the episodes and issues discussed. It should be of interest to philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, and to scientists themselves
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 261 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism is the first book to describe the unique contributions of a behavioral perspective to the major issues of philosophy. Leading behavioral philosophers and psychologists have contributed chapters on: the origins of behaviorism as a philosophy of science; the basic principles of behaviorism; ontology; epistemology; values and ethics; free will, determinism and self-control; and language and verbal behavior. A concluding chapter provides an overview of some scholarly criticisms of behavioral philosophy. Far from espousing a `black box' perspective on human cognition and philosophical reasoning, behaviorism (as derived from the works of B. F. Skinner) represents a contemporary and viable approach to conceptualizing important philosophical and psychological issues. Audience: This work will make an excellent text for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in the fields of philosophy and psychology, as well as being of interest to established scholars in those disciplines
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 284
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The nature of truth is one of the central philosophical problems of all time. Truth and Its Nature (if Any) draws together contributions from outstanding analytic philosophers who approach the problem within the context established by the results of Alfred Tarski. The main focus of the majority of the contributions is on the recent debate between the `deflationist' denigration of the truth predicate into a mere contentless grammatical device and `inflationists', who insist, on the contrary, that truth is a crucially deep and substantial concept. The book is divided into four parts. The first is devoted to a reconsideration of some of the classical ideas about truth (especially those of Frege, James and Carnap). The second concentrates on Tarski and on ways to interpret his achievements from our current perspective. The third discusses Donald Davidson's `inflationist' approach to truth and on reasons for seeing truth as substantial. The fourth concentrates on the `deflationist' approach of Paul Horwich
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401721097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 280
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: The Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, which took place in Florence in August 1995, offered a vivid and comprehensive picture of the present state of research in all areas of logic and the philosophy of science. The papers chosen for inclusion in the present volume represent a combination of technical results in pure and applied logic with papers devoted to conceptual analysis, deeply rooted in advanced, current research. The selection ranges from contributions in proof theory, model theory, set theory and formal systems, to philosophical logic and the philosophical and foundational problems of logic, mathematics and computer science. The volume is of interest to the logical specialist and scholars interested in critical reflections on the foundations of logic, mathematics and computer science
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789401142939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 53
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Geography ; History ; Human Geography ; Political science. ; Economic geography.
    Abstract: During the last two centuries, the political map of Europe has changed considerably. More recently, there are remarkably contrasting tendencies concerning the functions and densities of borders. The borders inside the European Union lost their importance, whereas Central and Eastern Europe saw the birth of a multitude of new state borders. The long-term study of border regions, therefore, is a fascinating subject for geographers, historians, social scientists, and political scientists. The main thesis of this book is that the rise of the modern nation-state reinforced the separating function of state borders by nationalising the people on both sides of it. This process gained strength in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was challenged in the second half of this century by processes of supra-national integration, globalisation and the revolution in communication and transport, as the case studies from different parts of Europe of this book will show. Audience: This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and practitioners in geography, history, political sciences, European studies and East-European studies
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: Timed for the centennial of Alfred Schutz (1899-1999), this set of original essays documents the continuing relevance of his thought in economics, geography, sociology, philosophy, and political science, and indicates the continuing interest in his thought in East Asia, Western Europe, and North America. The authors of these essays are leading authorities in their countries and disciplines. Schutz is the pre-eminent phenomenological philosopher of the social sciences. New materials from his Nachlaß concerning barriers to equality of opportunity, including a report co-authored with the political scientist Harold Lasswell are also included
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 146 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a study of the foundations of model-theoretic semantics. Its central thesis is that one does not need to assume a perfect structural fit between languages and their models in order to characterise the basic semantic notions. In particular, truth-value gaps and gluts can be explained away as local phenomena that do not bring logical disaster in their wake. Varzi's detailed and original account is based on a generalisation of supervaluationary techniques and is illustrated with reference to a range of different types of examples, from sentential logic to type theory. Audience: The book is self-contained and will appeal to philosophers, logicians, linguists and computer scientists
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  • 56
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401720779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 309 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 152
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume traces the unfolding of Levinas' phenomenology into his hermeneutic of subjectivity. It focuses upon his two magna opera, Totality and Infinity and Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence with a view toward sketching the destiny of a phenomenology of ethical intersubjectivity. Therefore, while being a monograph devoted to the philosopher's mature work, it is also a study of the hermeneutical end-point of ethical projects grounded in the phenomenological method. It shows how the metaphysics of the `face' and its ethical force must give rise, at the social and political levels, to an enigmatic reference to the third party, which resembles certain transcendental terms in German Idealism. This work will give philosophers interested in Levinas both an insight into the evolution of his work, and a clear, critical perspective on the shortcomings of the use of phenomenology in ethics, as well as on the difficulties for post-modern thought found in the relationship between ethics and politics. The book also utilizes the contributions of major French, Belgian, British and German commentators on Levinas. In that respect, its sources are wider in scope than most Anglo-American monographs on Levinas
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789401724302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 348 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 203
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 203
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Nietzsche, Theories of Knowledge, and Critical Theory, the first volume of a two-volume book collection on Nietzsche and the Sciences, ranges from reviews of Nietzsche and the wide variety of epistemic traditions - not only pre-Socratic, but Cartesian, Leibnizian, Kantian, and post-Kantian -through essays on Nietzsche's critique of knowledge via his critique of grammar and modern culture, and culminates in an extended section on the dynamic of Nietzsche's critical philosophy seen from the perspective of Habermas and critical theory. This volume features a first-time English translation of Habermas's afterword to his own German-language collection of Nietzsche's Epistemological Writings
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401724289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 204
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 204
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Nietzsche, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science, is the second volume of a collection on Nietzsche and the Sciences, featuring essays addressing truth, epistemology, and the philosophy of science, with a substantial representation of analytically schooled Nietzsche scholars. This collection offers a dynamic articulation of the differing strengths of Anglo-American analytic and contemporary European approaches to philosophy, with translations from European specialists, notably Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Paul Valadier, and Walther Ch. Zimmerli. This broad collection also features a preface by Alasdair MacIntyre. Contributions explore Nietzsche's contributions to the philosophy of language and epistemology, and include essays on the social history of truth and the historical and cultural analyses of Serres and Baudrillard, as well as new contributions to the philosophy of science, including theological and hermeneutical approaches, history of science, the philosophy of medicine, cognitive science, and technology
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789401720793
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 542 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 59
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection brings to the public the fruits of the groundlaying work on the philosophy/phenomenology of life presented in some 30 volumes of the Analecta Husserliana, and inaugurates a new phase in philosophy/phenomenology - a truly radical turn. As Tymieniecka in her introduction puts it, the time is ripe to abandon the prejudices against empiria and set aside in a `second position' the epistemological/constitutive criterion of validity and truth - without, however, abandoning it. To the contrary: recognising with our present culture the overwhelmingly superior validity of the pragmaticity test, which science indubitably applies in its `verification' of technology, philosophy/phenomenology at last reaches the full significance of reality: the fullness of the vital fact of life, which comprises not only the works and enjoyment of the mind and the spirit, but those of the bios and the cosmos too. The full-fledged dialogue with the hard-core sciences opens up; philosophy of life and the human creative condition draws together all the radiations of life into its field of inquiry. Tymieniecka thus proposes a new mathesis universalis - the dream of Leibniz and Husserl - which can at least be fulfilled
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401731812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 80
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: One of the most basic themes in the philosophy of language is referential uptake, viz., the question of what counts as properly `understanding' a referring act in communication. In this inquiry, the particular line pursued goes back to Strawson's work on re-identification, but the immediate influence is that of Gareth Evans. It is argued that traditional and recent proposals fail to account for success in referential communication. A novel account is developed, resembling Evans' account in combining an external success condition with a Fregean one. But, in contrast to Evans, greater emphasis is placed on the action-enabling side of communication. Further topics discussed include the role of mental states in accounting for communication, the impact of re-identification on the understanding of referring acts, and Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists and semanticists
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401714549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1999], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 7
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Philosophy of nature ; Quantum physics. ; Mathematical physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: From the very beginning it was realised that quantum physics involves radically new interpretative and epistemological consequences. While hitherto there has been no satisfactory philosophical analysis of these consequences, recent years have witnessed the accomplishment of many experiments to test the foundations of quantum physics, opening up vistas to a completely novel technology: quantum technology. The contributions in the present volume review the interpretative situation, analyze recent fundamental experiments, and discuss the implications of possible future technological applications. Readership: Analytic philosophers (logical empiricists), scientists (especially physicists), historians of logic, mathematics and physics, philosophers of science, and advanced students and researchers in these fields. Can be used for seminars on theoretical and experimental physics and philosophy of science, and as supplementary reading at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401726108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 328 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Many of the contributions to this volume are based on research originally presented at the historic first meeting in the United States of Japanese and American phenomenologists that took place at Seattle University in the Summer of 1991. In addition, other contributions have been added in order to supplement and complement the themes of the work presented at this meeting. Owing both to the vagaries of fate and the finitude of time, the publication of these essays has taken much longer than was originally intended. Nevertheless, this delay is more than offset by the inclusion in one volume of both phenomenological thematics and phenomenological authors who do not usually appear together
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789401706896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 347 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1998], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 6
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The larger part of Yearbook 6 of the Institute Vienna Circle constitutes the proceedings of a symposium on Alfred Tarski and his influence on and interchanges with the Vienna Circle, especially those on and with Rudolf Carnap and Kurt Gödel. It is the first time that this topic has been treated on such a scale and in such depth. Attention is mainly paid to the origins, development and subsequent role of Tarski's definition of truth. Some contributions are primarily historical, others analyze logical aspects of the concept of truth. Contributors include Anita and Saul Feferman, Jan Wolenski, Jan Tarski and Hans Sluga. Several Polish logicians contributed: Gzegorczyk, Wójcicki, Murawski and Rojszczak. The volume presents entirely new biographical material on Tarski, both from his Polish period and on his influential career in the United States: at Harvard, in Princeton, at Hunter, and at the University of California at Berkeley. The high point of the analysis involves Tarski's influence on Carnap's evolution from a narrow syntactical view of language, to the ontologically more sophisticated but more controversial semantical view. Another highlight involves the interchange between Tarski and Gödel on the connection between truth and proof and on the nature of metalanguages. The concluding part of Yearbook 6 includes documentation, book reviews and a summary of current activities of the Institute Vienna Circle. Jan Tarski introduces letters written by his father to Gödel; Paolo Parrini reports on the Vienna Circle's influence in Italy; several reviews cover recent books on logical empiricism, on Gödel, on cosmology, on holistic approaches in Germany, and on Mauthner
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400708143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 65 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Applied Logic Series 11/2
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The mid-1980s saw the discovery of logical tools that make it possible to model changes in belief and knowledge in entirely new ways. These logical tools turned out to be applicable to both human beliefs and to the contents of databases. Philosophers, logicians, and computer scientists have contributed to making this interdisciplinary field one of the most exciting in the cognitive scientists - and one that is expanding rapidly. This, the first textbook in the new area, contains both discursive chapters with a minimum of formalism and formal chapters in which proofs and proof methods are presented. Using different selections from the formal sections, according to the author's detailed advice, allows the book to be used at all levels of university education. A supplementary volume contains solutions to the 210 exercises. The volume's unique, comprehensive coverage means that it can also be used by specialists in the field of belief dynamics and related areas, such as non-monotonic reasoning and knowledge representation
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 170 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 40
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Constitutional law ; Environmental law ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contributes to the discussion about obligations to future generations by arguing that a principle of justice, according to which we must share the environmental resources of the planet with future generations, must be considered to be part of the just basic structure of society. The argument is based on a close study of Rawls' theory of justice and particularly of its treatment of the future generations issue. But the author claims that the affirmation of a principle of justice towards future generations must be accompanied by the attempt to articulate the motives that shape a concern with the fate of future persons in the first place. In order to consider, and further, its real chances, we must put the perspective of justice between generations, with its very detached character, within the context of our view from the present such as it is situated in historical time. This opens a fascinating but difficult field of inquiry about inter-generational value and its different aspects. Although it is centred on the theory of justice and on general ethics, the book also pays attention to the legal issues raised by the notion of a future-oriented just basic structure of society
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401593151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 279
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book is the first modern examination of the philosophical foundations of intuitionism since Oscar Becker's (1927) Mathematische Existenz. Placek examines the three most widely-known arguments for mathematical intuitionism: Brouwer's, Heyting's and Dummett's. The examination centres on the questions of the intersubjectivity of mathematics and is concerned with understanding and evaluating the arguments. An unprejudiced stance leads to refreshing conclusions concerning Brouwer: the philosophical side of Brouwer's doctrine cannot be accused of such sins as psychologism, solipsism or the advocacy of private meaning. Similarly, examination of the Husserlian grounds of Heyting's explanation of the meaning of logical constants shows that this view of language should not be accused of violating the requirement of intersubjectivity of meaning. The approach of the work is philosophical, rather than mathematical or logico-technical
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789401728669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 395 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 286
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: Recursive Functions and Metamathematics deals with problems of the completeness and decidability of theories, using as its main tool the theory of recursive functions. This theory is first introduced and discussed. Then Gödel's incompleteness theorems are presented, together with generalizations, strengthenings, and the decidability theory. The book also considers the historical and philosophical context of these issues and their philosophical and methodological consequences. Recent results and trends have been included, such as undecidable sentences of mathematical content, reverse mathematics. All the main results are presented in detail. The book is self-contained and presupposes only some knowledge of elementary mathematical logic. There is an extensive bibliography. Readership: Scholars and advanced students of logic, mathematics, philosophy of science
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9789401727464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 6
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Computer engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Electrical engineering.
    Abstract: This book presents, by means of a number of articles, a survey and a set of projects in computational lexical semantics. The most crucial aspects of ongoing research on predicates are presented: verb semantic classifications, relations between syntax and semantics, Wordnet for Verbs, multilinguism, lexical knowledge bases and lexical acquisition, the generative lexicon. Predicative Forms in Natural Language and in Lexical Knowledge Bases is designed for professors, researchers and graduate students in the area of language processing and semantics
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789401591911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 61
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The essays in this volume cover a wide array of topics related to the work of Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. It includes discussions of scientific explanation, rationality, inference and induction, social behaviour, philosophy of physics and biology. Some of the essays have been written with an historical perspective. The volume is completed by a long commentary on the papers, written by Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. Audience: Scholars and researchers in such fields as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of the natural and social sciences, history of contemporary philosophy, and inductive logic
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401592192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 225 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Industrial organization (Economic theory) ; Logic ; Ontology ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Industrial organization.
    Abstract: Legal argumentation is a distinctively multidisciplinary field of inquiry. It draws its data, assumptions and methods from disciplines such as legal theory, legal philosophy, logic, argumentation theory, rhetoric, linguistics, literary theory, philosophy, sociology, and artificial intelligence. This presents the growing group of interested scholars and students with a problem of access, since, even for those active in the field, it is not common to have acquired a familiarity with relevant aspects of each discipline that enters into this multidisciplinary matrix. Fundamentals of Legal Argumentation offers its readers a unique and comprehensive survey of the various theoretical influences which have informed the study of legal argumentation. It discusses salient backgrounds to this field as well as all major approaches and trends in the contemporary research. It surveys relevant theoretical factors both from various continental law traditions and common law countries
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9789401590723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 434 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Comparative Literature ; History
    Abstract: Taking its starting point from women's contributions to the French revolution, this important anthology goes far beyond any particular historical, European or American context and expands its scope in space and time to an all-inclusive global theme, namely the contributions of radical women towards an ever-changing world and its revolutionary transformations everywhere. The superbly edited essays by diverse contributors from various continents and disciplines explore a wide platform of women's revolutionary involvements and elucidate the broad range of contributions by women scholars, scientists and activists to movements of social transformation, as well as to a reexamination of established methods of cultural analysis from enlightened liberalism to Marxism. The contributions of women scholars and activists from Africa, Asia and Latin America are particularly significant in that they transcend and expand European/North American feminism as relevant primarily to its own socio-cultural context and focus on women acting in terms of their own non-Western traditions and cultures, that is, on non-Western models based on indigenous strategies of social transformation. This rich anthology shuns any postulation of a single global model for revolution. Yet, despite the emergence of a `problematic relationship between Western or Western educated theorists and the causes of the oppressed', women's diverse social, cultural and historical experiences and strategies are united in this edition, as in their common causes, as emphasized by the following statement in the introduction: `the female body has become .. a privileged site for social analysis in the context of international capitalism as well as in the critique of traditional socialism.' Sabine Jell-Bahlsen, Ogbuide Films Women and Revolution covers an enormous socio-historical space, four continents - Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America &endash; and quite a few countries within them. This huge field of human experience is looked at from the focal point which runs explicitly and implicitly through all nineteen chapters: the active if not revolutionary role women have played individually and collectively in various determining social situations, a role regularly suppressed by the coercive power of institutionalized domination. The impetus for this endeavor was the commemoration of the bicentennial of the French Revolution, an occasion to take an in-depth look at its less obvious agendas, through a focus on the a ...
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789401736169
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 469 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 276
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Constructive mathematics is based on the thesis that the meaning of a mathematical formula is given, not by its truth-conditions, but in terms of what constructions count as a proof of it. However, the meaning of the terms `construction' and `proof' has never been adequately explained (although Kriesel, Goodman and Martin-Löf have attempted axiomatisations). This monograph develops precise (though not wholly formal) definitions of construction and proof, and describes the algorithmic substructure underlying intuitionistic logic. Interpretations of Heyting arithmetic and constructive analysis are given. The philosophical basis of constructivism is explored thoroughly in Part I. The author seeks to answer objections from platonists and to reconcile his position with the central insights of Hilbert's formalism and logic. Audience: Philosophers of mathematics and logicians, both academic and graduate students, particularly those interested in Brouwer and Hilbert; theoretical computer scientists interested in the foundations of functional programming languages and program correctness calculi
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789401715102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 438 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Evolution (Biology) ; Biology—Philosophy. ; System theory. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: To understand how complex dynamic systems, living or non-living, linguistic or non-linguistic, come to be organized as systems, to understand how their inherent dynamic nature gives rise to organisations and forms that have found a balance between potentiality for change and evolution on the one hand, and requisite stability in a given environment on the other, is the main ambition of the study of evolutionary systems. The aim of the present volume is to elucidate the scientific and philosophical backgrounds that play a role in one of the major debates taking place in that field, namely that on the relation between selection and self-organization. The book represents a genuine interdisciplinary forum in which the major representatives of evolutionary systems take part. Audience: This volume will be interest to biologists, philosophers of science, systems scientists, mathematicians, physicists, sociologists of science. It is highly recommended to those interested in an interdisciplinary and complex approach to evolution, as well as to those interested in developing a genuinely historical viewpoint in the sciences
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789401726047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 561 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 52
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: There is a new rhythm permeating phenomenology, which is re-orienting towards the ontopoiesis of life. There are inflated views abroad that phenomenology has lost its identity and it is fashionable to consider that philosophy has abandoned the `pursuit of truth', which is dismissed as illusory. But the phenomenological philosophy here reincarnated as the phenomenology of life and the human creative condition vibrates with a fresh philosophical faith. The present volume articulates the four main tenets of the ontopoiesis of life: first, the priority of the creative act over the cognitive intentional act; second, the revelation that the Human Creative Condition is pivotal in tracing specifically human powers; third, that the creative act of the human being is the meeting ground for all human endeavours; and fourth, the ontopoietic self-individualisation of life
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789401590327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 132 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Heidegger holds that our age is dominated by the ambition of reason to possess the world. And he sees in Leibniz the man who formulated the theorem of our modern age: nothing happens without a reason. He calls this attitude `calculating thought' and opposes to it a kind of thought aimed at preserving the essence of things, which he calls `meditating thought'. Cristin's book ascribes great importance to this polarity of thinking for the future of contemporary philosophy, and thus compares the basic ideas of the two thinkers. Leibniz announces the conquest of reason; Heidegger denounces the dangers of reason. Their diversity becomes manifest in the difference between the idea of reason and the image of the path. But is Leibniz's thought really only `calculating'? And do we not perhaps also encounter the traces of reason along Heidegger's path? With these questions in mind we may begin to redefine the relation between the two thinkers and between two different conceptions of reason and philosophy. The hypothesis is advanced that Heidegger's harsh judgment of Leibniz may be mitigated, but it also becomes clear that Heidegger's rewriting of the code of reason is an integral part of our age, in which many signs point to new loci of rationality. With his original interpretation, aware of the risks he is taking, Renato Cristin offers a new guide to the understanding of reason: he shows forth Leibniz as one who defends the thought of being in the unity of monadology, and Heidegger as a thinker who preserves the sign of reason in his meditating thought
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  • 76
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    ISBN: 9789401150668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 75
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: When we ask whether something exists, we expect a yes or no answer, not a further query about what kind of existence, how much of it, whether we mean existence for you or existence for me, or whether we are asking about some property which it might have. In this book, this simple requirement is defended and pursued into its various and sometimes surprising implications. In the course of this pursuit, such questions arise as `Do appearances exist?' `Do unknowable things exist?' `Do past and future exist?' `Does God necessarily exist?' This novel and non-technical approach to important philosophical questions will be of interest to senior students of philosophy and, indeed, to all general readers with philosophical interests
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  • 77
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    ISBN: 9789401150842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 381 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 60
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Philosophy of nature ; Quantum physics. ; Physical chemistry. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: According to the modal interpretation, the standard mathematical framework of quantum mechanics specifies the physical magnitudes of a system, which have definite values. Probabilities are assigned to the possible values that these magnitudes may adopt. The interpretation is thus concerned with physical properties rather than with measurement results: it is a realistic interpretation (in the sense of scientific realism). One of the notable achievements of this interpretation is that it dissolves the notorious measurement problem. The papers collected here, together with the introduction and concluding critical appraisal, explain the various forms of the modal interpretation, survey its achievements, and discuss those problems that have yet to be solved. Audience: Philosophers of science, theoretical physicists, and graduate students in these disciplines
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 191 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 45
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book contains a representative selection of work by Japanese philosophers of science concerned with major issues of late 20th century world interest: epistemology of natural science, philosophy of mind and especially of perception, the logic of inference and of time, causality and evolution. It is edited by Francis Gen-Ichiro Nagasaka who contributes a historical account of philosophy of science in Japan
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  • 79
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    ISBN: 9789401150644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 148
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Husserl's phenomenology has often been criticized for its Cartesian, fundamentalistic, idealistic and solipsistic nature. Today, this widespread interpretation must be regarded as being outdated, since it gives but a very partial and limited picture of Husserl's thinking. The continuing publication of Husserl's research manuscripts has disclosed analyses which have made it necessary to revise and modify a number of standard readings. This anthology documents the recent development in Husserl research. It contains contributions from a number of young phenomenologists, who have all defended their dissertation on Husserl in the nineties, and it presents a new type of interpretation which emphasizes the dimensions of facticity, passivity, alterity and ethics in Husserl's thinking
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 206 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 45
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 45
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; History ; Human Geography ; Sociology.
    Abstract: This volume explores the history of the urban university and its political and cultural traditions. In case studies, situated in different parts of the Western World and China, two basic aspects of the modern urban university's identity are analyzed: the locations of the universities within cities and the ways in which their administrators present the university in the local political arena. Locational choices and public appearances are interpreted from a historical and traditional perspective. Audience: This book will be of particular interest to human geographers, planners and university administrators
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 242 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 3
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Criminal Law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Jeffrie G. Murphy's third collection of essays further pursues the topics of punishment and retribution that were explored in his two previous collections: Retribution, Justice and Therapy and Retribution Reconsidered. Murphy now explores these topics in the light of reflections on issues that are normally associated with religion: forgiveness, mercy, and repentance. He also explores the general issue of theory and practice and discusses a variety of topics in applied ethics - e.g., freedom of artistic expression, the morality of gambling, and the value of forgiveness in psychological counseling. As always, his perspective may be described as Kantian; and, indeed, this collection contains the first extended piece of Kant scholarship that he has done in years: a long essay on Kant on theory and practice
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789401151047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Mind Out of Matter aims to transform the way we think about consciousness and the physical world. Unlike many contemporary volumes, it develops a robust and philosophically satisfying account of the mind/body relationship without doing violence to fundamental physics. It expunges popular but ludicrous assumptions about the `in principle' capabilities of cognizers and, with the help of tools from mathematics and scientific fields, supplants flawed notions of representation, function, and mental state with objective and physically grounded alternatives. It debunks quantum theories of consciousness, constructs a simple zombie recipe, and evaluates recent research on chaotic analogue networks. This book is indispensable for readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, and for mathematicians applying complexity theory or information theory to biological cognition. Audience: General academic/university libraries, plus university departmental libraries in philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and computer science. Researchers and specialists in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, artificial life, complexity theory, and information theory. Researchers in the telecommunications industry
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789401591270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 306 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: The Moment of Change is the first systematic history of one of the oldest problems in the philosophy of space and time: How is the change from one state to its opposite to be described? Authors treated in this book range from Plato, Aristotle, medieval logicians, Kant, Brentano and Russell to contemporary authors, taking into account such theories as interval semantics and paraconsistent logic. The texts are analysed under two main aspects: Which (if any) of the opposite states does the moment of change belong to? And does it contain an instantaneous event? In the last part a new way of treating the moment of change is developed, which leads to a solution to Zeno's Flying Arrow Paradox. Audience: The book will be of interest to advanced students and scholars of analytic philosophy and the history of philosophy
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789401590822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 380 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 46
    Series Statement: The new synthese historical library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Humanities ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; History, Ancient. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: Discussions about the nature of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy have aroused intense scholarly interest over the last few years. The topics covered by the essays in this volume range from the classical background of Hellenistic theories, through debates on emotion in the major Hellenistic schools, to discussions in later antiquity. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the Stoic views on the nature and value of the emotions. The essays are written with a high level of philosophical and classical scholarship, but contain no exclusive technicalities. Audience: This first comprehensive treatment of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy can be read with pleasure and profit not only by professionals in ancient philosophy but also all those who are interested in the philosophy of mind and its history
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789401714259
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: Philosophy, art criticism and popular opinion all seem to treat the aesthetics of the comic as lightweight, while the tragic seems to be regarded with greater seriousness. Why this favouring of sadness over joy? Can it be justified? What are the criteria by which the significance of comedy can be estimated vis à vis tragedy? Questions such as these underlie the present selection of studies, which casts new light on the comic, the joyful and laughter itself. This challenge to the popular attitude strikes into new territory, relating such matters to the profundity with which we enjoy life and its role in the deployment of the Human Condition. In her Introduction Tymieniecka points out that the tragic and the comic might be complementary in their respective sense-bestowing modes as well as in their dynamic functions; they might both share in the primogenital function of promoting the self-individualising progress of human existence. For the first time in philosophy, laughter, mirth, joy and the like are revealed as the modalities of the essential enjoyment of life, being brought to bear in an illumination of the human condition
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401589925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 136 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book considers some issues common to the philosophical systems of Kant and Husserl. The distinction between Kant's Synthesis and Husserl's Intentionality is the main subject of this book. The theme of the analysis is the variation of the position and essence of the term Intuition - Anschauung in the two systems. In both systems, Intuition has a central significance. In Kant's system it is because of his conception that the structure of knowledge is a synthesis of intuition and reason. In Husserl's system this is because he considered Intuition to be the medium for the discernment of data. Given the structured nature of philosophical systems, these topics cannot be isolated from the systems in which they function, relating them in each case with various paths of investigation and different interpretations of phenomenology
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  • 87
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401715256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Information Systems ; Statistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Marketing ; Electronic data processing—Management.
    Abstract: Researchers in a number of disciplines deal with large text sets requiring both text management and text analysis. Faced with a large amount of textual data collected in marketing surveys, literary investigations, historical archives and documentary data bases, these researchers require assistance with organizing, describing and comparing texts. Exploring Textual Data demonstrates how exploratory multivariate statistical methods such as correspondence analysis and cluster analysis can be used to help investigate, assimilate and evaluate textual data. The main text does not contain any strictly mathematical demonstrations, making it accessible to a large audience. This book is very user-friendly with proofs abstracted in the appendices. Full definitions of concepts, implementations of procedures and rules for reading and interpreting results are fully explored. A succession of examples is intended to allow the reader to appreciate the variety of actual and potential applications and the complementary processing methods. A glossary of terms is provided
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789401718301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 250 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 58
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; History
    Abstract: The world was first introduced to the expertise and originality of Japanese scholars in phenomenology in Analecta Husserliana Vol. IX (1979). The third generation of Japanese scholars, belonging to the newly-founded Merleau-Ponty Japanese Circle, are now presented. Following Merleau-Ponty's tendency, the studies collected here seem to make a fresh phenomenological start in relation to classical Husserlian phenomenology, turning deliberately towards the `concrete', `the wild world', `flesh', `embodiment', `natural signs', `primal nature'. The rule of intentionality, natural language is thereby devalued. The wealth of insights, the freshness of intuition and the seminal power of these fascinating enquiries well merit a close reading
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789401726146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 334 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 195
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 195
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: Philosophical understandings of Nature and Human Nature. Classical Greek and modern West, Christian, Buddhist, Taoist, by 14 authors, including Robert Neville, Stanley Rosen, David Eckel, Livia Kohn, Tienyu Cao, Abner Shimoney, Alfred Tauber, Krzysztof Michalski, Lawrence Cahoone, Stephen Scully, Alan Olson and Alfred Ferrarin. Dedicated to the phenomenological ecology of Erazim Kohák, with 10 of his essays and a full bibliography. Overall theme: on the question of the moral sense of nature
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401720144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 244 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Coudert, Allison P. [Rezension von: Goldish, Matt, Judaism in the Theology of Sir Isaac Newton] 2001
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées 157
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Humanities ; Metaphysics ; History ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: This book deals with Sir Isaac Newton's Judaic studies and their impact on his theology. After examining what Jewish sources Newton read, the author explains how ideas Newton learned from Jewish history and literature found their way into his understanding of ancient religion, scriptural prophecy, the Temple of Jerusalem, the ancient church, and the corruption of Christianity. This investigation sheds new light on many aspects of newton's thought
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  • 91
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401725316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 310 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy—History. ; Linguistics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Several of the basic ideas of current language theory are subjected to critical scrutiny and found wanting, including the concept of scope, the hegemony of generative syntax, the Frege-Russell claim that verbs like `is' are ambiguous, and the assumptions underlying the so-called New Theory of Reference. In their stead, new constructive ideas are proposed
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  • 92
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401717397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: This volume deals with approaches to handling contradictory information. These include approaches for actual contradiction - both A and not-A can be proven from the information - and approaches for potential contradiction - where the information may contain arguments for A and arguments for not-A, but the system suppresses the contradiction by, for example, preferring some arguments over others. Approaches covered include paraconsistent logics, modal logics, default logics, conditional logics, defeasible logics and paraconsistent semantics for logic programming. The volume is of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in artificial intelligence, software engineering, logic, language and philosophy. This volume is the first handbook to give a comprehensive coverage of handling contradictory information
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 158
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 158
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; History ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This important, well-researched collection of essays will change many readers' perceptions of Leibniz and of the seventeenth century. Dealing with such subjects as Leibniz's occult sources, his interest in mysticism, Kabbalah, and Chinese philosophy, and his attitude towards enthusiasm, the authors provide new insights into Leibniz's thought and the cultural context in which he lived. The individual essays bring forward much in the way of new primary material, while at the same time conserving the valuable aspects of older commentators on Leibniz (Baruzi, Meyer, Loemker). The fact that the authors frequently disagree makes this an exciting collection that is bound to provoke discussion and debate. While this book will especially appeal to Leibniz scholars, it has much to recommend it to readers interested in the philosophy, theology, and science of early modern Europe
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789401150521
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 76
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The late Hector-Neri Castañeda, the Mahlon Powell Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University, and founding editor of Noûs, has deeply influenced current analytic pjilosophy with diverse contributions, including guise theory, the theory on indicators and quasi-indicators, and the proposition/practition theory. This volume collects 15 papers - for the most part previously unpublished - in ontology, philosophy of language, cognitive science and related areas by ex-students of Professor Castañeda, most of whom are now well-known researchers or even distinguished scholars. The authors share the conviction that Castañeda's work must continue to be explored and that his philosophical methodology must continue to be applied in an effort to further illuminate all the issues that he so deeply investigated. The topics covered by the contributions include intensional contexts, possible worlds, quasi-indicators, guise theory, property theory, Russell's substitutional theory of propositions, event theory, the adverbial theory of mental attitudes, existentialist ontology, and Plato's, Leibniz's, Kant's and Peirce's ontologies. An introduction by the editors relates all these themes to Castañeda's philosophical interests and methodology
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  • 95
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401150545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 453 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic. ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: Belief change is an emerging field of artificial intelligence and information science dedicated to the dynamics of information and the present book provides a state-of-the-art picture of its formal foundations. It deals with the addition, deletion and combination of pieces of information and, more generally, with the revision, updating and fusion of knowledge bases. The book offers an extensive coverage of, and seeks to reconcile, two traditions in the kinematics of belief that often ignore each other - the symbolic and the numerical (often probabilistic) approaches. Moreover, the work encompasses both revision and fusion problems, even though these two are also commonly investigated by different communities. Finally, the book presents the numerical view of belief change, beyond the probabilistic framework, covering such approaches as possibility theory, belief functions and convex gambles. The work thus presents a unified view of belief change operators, drawing from a widely scattered literature embracing philosophical logic, artificial intelligence, uncertainty modelling and database systems. The material is a clearly organised guide to the literature on the dynamics of epistemic states, knowledge bases and uncertain information, suitable for scholars and graduate students familiar with applied logic, knowledge representation and uncertain reasoning
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789401158008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 417 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Anthropology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The societal web of life is underpinned by one concept - that of Self and Other - which emerged earlier in this century. The concept has received a new formulation within the field of the phenomenology of life and the human creative condition, finding a foothold, a point of reference that radiates novel, seminal insights. It is nothing other than the creative fulcrum of human functioning. The self-individualisation of the human being, as revealed in the present collection, is existentially and vitally intertwined with that of the Other. Tymieniecka's seminal idea of the `trans-actional' is explored in this collection of essays, which reveals a variety of significant perspectives, weaving the cycles of the human universe of existence in an essential oscillation between the Self and the Other. In this oscillation we throw out our existential tentacles, trying to gain a living space with respect to each other, all the while engaging in a mutual creative prompting and attunement
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  • 97
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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  • 98
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401589963
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 216 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 269
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Intentionality is one of the most frequently discussed topics in contemporary phenomenology and analytic philosophy. This book investigates intentionality from the point of view of intentional objects. According to the classical approach to this concept, whatever can be consciously experienced is regarded as an intentional object. Thus, not only ordinary existing individuals but also various kinds of non-existents and non-individuals are considered as intentional (including such bizarre entities as quantifier objects: `some dog', `every dog'). Alexius Meinong, an Austrian philosopher, is particularly well-known as the `inventor' of an abundant ontology of objects among which even incomplete and impossible ones, like `the round square', find their place. Drawing inspirations from Meinong's ideas, the author develops a simple logic of intentional objects, M-logic. M-logic closely resembles classical first-order logic and, as opposed to the formally complicated contemporary theories of non-existent objects, it is much more friendly in apprehending and applications. However, despite this resemblance, the ontological content of M-logic far exceeds that of classical logic. In this book formal investigations are intertwined with philosophical analyses. On the one hand, M-logic is used as a tool for investigating formal features of intentional objects. On the other hand, the study of intentionality phenomena suggests further ways of extending and modifying M-logic. Audience: The book is addressed to logicians, cognitive scientists, philosophers of language and metaphysics with either a phenomenological or an analytic background
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789401590341
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 272
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Cognitive psychology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Descartes made a sharp distinction between matter and mind. But he also thought that the two interact with one another. Is such interaction possible, however, without either a materialist reduction of mind to matter or an idealist (phenomenalist) reduction of matter to mind? These questions overshadow the Western tradition in metaphysics from the time of Descartes to present times. The book makes an effort to stay clear of reductivist views of the two Cartesian substances. It defends a dualistic psycho-physical parallel theory which reconciles freedom of action with determinism in nature. Basic problems in perception theory are also discussed, with special emphasis on hearing and sound. Because of the intrinsic interest of the subject and the author's non-technical presentation of it, the book should appeal to all readers with a serious interest in philosophy and psychology
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  • 100
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590709
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 414 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: The process of on-line recovery from errors in sentence comprehension is a new and lively focus of research activity in psycholinguistics. This volume offers chapters by experimental and theoretical psycholinguists who have been moving this research forward, sometimes in agreement with each other, sometimes developing opposing views. The experimental data and explanations presented here will interest linguists and psychologists, and all those concerned with how language is used, so rapidly and effectively, for communication. Language understanding is one of the foundational areas of cognitive science, and the research represented here may illuminate how the human mind is able to perform running repairs on its own computations. The material can be read with interest by graduate students and advanced undergraduates as well as practicing researchers
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