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  • 2000-2004  (91)
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1930-1934
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (142)
  • Genetic epistemology  (94)
  • Ontology  (60)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401705004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 171 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 100
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the final work of the distinguished philosopher Paul Ziff, whose earlier books include Understanding Understanding, Philosophical Turnings, and Semantic Analysis. It is carefully crafted and written in numbered paragraphs rather than chapters, in style of the later Wittgenstein. The work concerns morality, rationality, symbolism and imagery. In the words of the author: "The primary thesis of this essay is that, although there are many different and conflicting moralities, both here in America and throughout the world, some of them can be criticized and rejected on rational grounds. There are other moralities that one can personally reject, but they cannot be criticized on rational grounds. The same is true of the various values and priorities that different people have. Some are open to criticism on rational grounds; others are not open to such criticism." His conclusion is: "Symbolism and imagery constitute the real and only basis of the moralities that I have endeavored to characterize here, my own morality and that of others. But the most fundamental image of all of my morality is that which is created by an appreciation of life, all life
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401000475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXIV, 887 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 79
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: "Does the World exist?" There would be no reason to resurrect this question of modernity from its historical oblivion were it not for the fact that recent evolution in science and technology, impregnating culture, makes us wonder about the nature of reality, of the world we are living in, and of our status as living beings within it. Thus great metaphysical subjacent queries are forcefully revived, calling for new investigations to proceed in the light of the innumerable novel insights of science. This collection presents a wealth of material toward an elaboration of a new metaphysical groundwork of the ontopoiesis/ phenomenology of life sought to effect such investigations. The classic postulates of the metaphysics of reality, those of necessity and certainty here find a new formulation. Away from sclerotized ontological and cognitive assumptions and congenial with the views of contemporary science, the understanding of reality, of our world of life, and of ourselves within it is to be sought in the existential/ontopoietic ciphering of life (Tymieniecka)
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Contens:Acknowledgments.- I: Framing the Ontopoietic Vision of the World and Existence.-II: Toward Lifting of the Classical Controversy Idealism/Realism -- III: Transcendentalism Revisited -- IV: Ciphering the Plurisignificant Sharing of Existence -- V: The Creating Ciphering of Reality by Art --  VI: The Worlds of Human Inward-Outward Existential Radiation of Reality -- VII: The Cultural Ciphers of the World.- VIII: The New Ciphering of the Constant Coordinates of the World and Existence -- IX: Some Contributions to the Scientific Interpretation of the Origins of Life -- Index Of Names.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781402028083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 626 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, And The Unity Of Science 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Physics ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Developmental biology ; Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The aim of the series Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, of which this is the first volume, is to take up anew the challenge of considering the scientific enterprise in its entirety in light of recent developments in logic and philosophy. Developments in logic are especially relevant to the current situation in philosophy of science. At present, there is no single logic, single approach to semantics or well-defined conception of scientific method dominating the philosophy of science. At the same time, questions concerning linguistic, reductionist and foundationalist approaches to epistemology, the analytic and synthetic distinction as well as disputes concerning semantics and pragmatics have been illuminated by recent developments in logic. Given the power of such developments, discussions of the unity of science are even more intriguing and urgent than in the 20th century. The first title in this new series aims to explore, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The present volume contains essays from some of the most important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics such as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of great interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Criminology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Responsibility and Punishment, Third Edition presents a clear-headed defense of retributivism against several long-standing criticisms. In the end, a viable version of retributivism emerges as one which withstands more criticism than competing theories of responsibility and punishment. Extending the problem of wrong doing to collectives and compensation, Corlett explores the matter of reparations for past wrongs in the case of the crimes committed against Native Americans by the United States Government. No other philosophical work on responsibility and punishment exhibits this breadth of scope, as it delves deeply into particular concerns with retributivism, responsibility, and certain areas of compensation. Academicians and professionals in ethics, moral, social, political, and legal philosophy are likely to benefit from this analytical treatment of responsibility and punishment. "In the Third Edition of Responsibility and Punishment, Angelo Corlett has made an outstanding book even better! Corlett's book is distinctive in the way it blends abstract theory with concrete application in a sophisticated way. There is work just on theory, and primarily applied work; but Corlett manages to meld the two in a unique and highly successful way. Highly recommended!" John Martin Fischer, author of "The Metaphysics of Free Will" and "Responsibility and Control". "This provocative and highly insightful piece of work constitutes a novel, significant, and welcome contribution to the literature on the moral justification of punishment. Corlett's development of an original version of retributivism, with special emphasis on principles of proportional punishment, is particularly engaging." Ishtiyaque Haji, author of "Deontic Morality" and "Moral Appraisability". J. Angelo Corlett is Professor of Philosophy & Ethics at San Diego State University, and author of over 75 articles in various leading philosophy and other academic journals, including the books: Analyzing Social Knowledge (Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 1996); Terrorism: A Philosophical Analysis (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), Philosophical Studies Series, Volume 101; Race, Racism, and Reparations (Cornell University Press, 2003). He also serves as the Editor-in -Chief of The Journal of Ethics: An International Philosophical Review (Springer), and is the editor of and contributor to Equality and Liberty: Analyzing Rawls and Nozick (Macmillan, 1990)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402019869
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 1052 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The twenty-eight essays in this Handbook, all by leading experts in the field, provide the most extensive treatment of various epistemological problems, supplemented by a historical account of this field. The entries are self-contained and substantial contributions to topics such as the sources of knowledge and belief, knowledge acquisition, and truth and justification. There are extensive essays on knowledge in specific fields: the sciences, mathematics, the humanities and the social sciences, religion, and language. Special attention is paid to current discussions on evolutionary epistemology, relativism, the relation between epistemology and cognitive science, sociology of knowledge, epistemic logic, knowledge and art, and feminist epistemology. This collection is a must-have for anybody interested in human knowledge, and its fortunes and misfortunes
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789400710467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 292 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 321
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Realism in Action is a selection of essays written by leading representatives in the fields of action theory and philosophy of mind, philosophy of the social sciences and especially the nature of social action, and of epistemology and philosophy of science. Practical reason, reasons and causes in action theory, intending and trying, and folk-psychological explanation are some of the topics discussed by these leading participants. A particular emphasis is laid on trust, commitments and social institutions, on the possibility of grounding social notions in individual social attitudes, on the nature of social groups, institutions and collective intentionality, and on common belief and common knowledge. Applications to the social sciences include, e.g., a look at the Erklären-Verstehen controversy in economics, and at constructivist and realist views on archeological reconstructions of the past
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401701839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Systems theory ; Epistemology. ; Neurosciences ; Artificial intelligence ; System theory. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Control theory.
    Abstract: This book presents a realist, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary theory of immediate awareness showing it is the most primitive cognitive network underlying all our natural intelligence. Including preattentive and attention processes, as well as primitive relations of the senses, imagination and memory, immediate awareness is a kind of knowing deeply embedded and interwoven throughout our multiple kinds of natural intelligence. It permits as well as drives our knowing how, our bodily intelligence. Against the Cartesian mind-body split found in earlier and current theories, the author shows how immediate awareness permits emergent properties of mind in multilayered primitive relations of touching and moving in bodily kinesthetic intelligence. Contrary to existing theories, she argues that sensation is not cognitively "neutral", nor does it require a "representation" in order to be accessible to cognitive processes
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401702492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 323
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Semantics ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume contains papers on truth, logic, semantics, and history of logic and philosophy. These papers are dedicated to Jan Wolenski to honour his 60th birthday. Jan Wolenski is professor of philosophy at the Department of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland. He is likely to be the most well-known Polish philosopher of this time, best known for his work on the history of the philosophy and logic of the Lvov-Warsaw School. Furthermore, he's published numerous books and articles dealing with various issues of epistemology and philosophy of language This collection is mainly addressed to researchers and graduate students in philosophy, logic, and history and philosophy of science
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401709613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 236
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume attempts to provide a new articulation of issues surrounding scientific realism, scientific rationality, the epistemology of non-classical physics, the type of revolutionary changes in the development of science, the naturalization of epistemology within frameworks of cognitive science and structural linguistics, models of the information technology revolution, and reconstructions of early modern logical systems. A common denominator of the authors' positions is the rejection of the post-modern deconstruction of the "global philosophical accounts" of science's cognitive structure and dynamics. The volume takes on a dual task: it deals with major perspectives on philosophy of science "after the end of post-positivism", and it represents basic philosophical controversies in an Eastern-European society "after the end of state socialism
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400710054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 212 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 98
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Ontology
    Abstract: This book is a study of John Locke's metaphysics of organisms and persons, with particular emphasis on his theory of identity through time and his conventionalism with respect to kinds and essences. Although these positions seem to be obviously incompatible-his persistence conditions for organisms and persons evidently commit him to attributing de re essential properties to these objects-the final three chapters constitute a sustained argument against this position. After presenting three arguments for thinking that the organisms and persons in Locke's ontology have both spatial and temporal extent, Conn argues that on a four-dimensional ontology (and only on such an ontology) there is no contradiction between Locke's theory of identity and his rejection of essentialism
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401000390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 101
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Political philosophy. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: What is terrorism? Can it ever be the right thing to do? Who is really responsible for terrorism? Should governments never negotiate with terrorists? And how can terrorism be stopped? Terrorism: A Philosophical Analysis is a unique book on terrorism that openly, rationally and passionately delves into what underlies terrorism, what in some cases justifies it on ethical grounds, and how terrorism might be dealt with successfully. Rather than assuming from the start a particular point of view about terrorism, this book uniquely engages the reader in a series of critical discussions that unveil the ethical problems underlying terrorism. A must-read for everyone interested in understanding the depths of terrorism
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401701518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 193 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library [2003] 2
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Semantics ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Ontology ; Semiotics. ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This collection, with essays by Graham H. Bird, Jaakko Hintikka, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Jan Wolenski, will interest graduate students of the philosophy of language and logic, as well as professional philosophers, historians of analytic philosophy, and philosophically inclined logicians. Language, Truth and Knowledge brings together 11 new essays that offer a wealth of insights on a number of Carnap's concerns and ideas. The volume arose out of a symposium on Carnap's work at an international conference held in Vienna in 2001. The essays are written from a variety of perspectives: -some essays aim at rebutting influential criticisms directed at Carnap's views; -others examine and assess his thought in the light of recent developments in the neurosciences; -still others are historical and describe the development of Carnap's thought; -they all shed light on the relation of this thought and different philosophical traditions. These essays form a collection that will prove a valuable resource for our understanding of the historic Carnap and the living philosophical issues with which he grappled
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401726184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Discourse of the World Religions 5
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; History ; Epistemology. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Religions are the largest communities of the global society and claim, at least in the cases of Islam and Christianity, to be universal interpretations of life and orders of existence. With the globalization of the world economy and the unity of the global society in the Internet, they gain unprecedented access to the entire human race through modern means of communication. At the same time, this globalization brings religions into conflict with one another in their claims to universal validity. How can the conflict of religions be defused? The speculative, philosophical method of dealing with a religion is a way to present one's own religious convictions in the medium of philosophy and rational discourse. The philosophical approach to religion can serve as the basis of the conversation of the world religions, without dissolving their truth claims. It can reduce dogmatic claims and contribute to overcoming fundamentalism. Philosophy builds bridges between religions. The series A Discourse of the World Religions presents with this volume the fifth and last of the EXPO-Discourses of the World Religions, which took place near the end of the World Exposition EXPO 2000 in Hannover, Germany. The five EXPO-Discourses were held before and during the World Exposition EXPO 2000 in Hannover with the objective of a philosophical-theological dialogue of religions about central themes of their teachings. The series aims at a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in their theological and philosophical propositions. It sees in philosophy a bridge between the religions and a means to overcome religious hostility and fundamentalism and to further the dialogue of the religions
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401729369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 2
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Asian. ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Salomon Maimon (1753-1800), one of the most fascinating characters of eighteenth-century intellectual history, came from a traditional orthodox Jewish community in Eastern Europe to Berlin to seek Enlightenment. Maimon remained an outsider: an 'Ostjude' among the enlightened Jews in Berlin, a freethinker among observant Jews and a Jew among the non-Jews. His autobiography became a classic of autobiographical literature of the Enlightenment. His 'inter-cultural' experience is reflected in his philosophy. Indebted to the Maimonidean as well as to the modern European (notably Kantian) philosophical tradition, he attempted a synthesis of normally exclusive orientations: 'Rational Dogmatism' and 'Empirical Skepticism'. Maimon's importance in the development from Kant to German Idealism has been acknowledged, but the interpretation of his own philosophical position suffered much from this narrow perspective. The essays of leading scholars collected in this volume focus on his synthesis of 'Rational Dogmatism' and 'Empirical Skepticism'
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introductory Essay: A Philosopher between Two Cultures -- Part One: Rational Dogmatism. The Logic of Speculative Philosophy and Skepticism in Maimon's Philosophy: Satz der Bestimmbarkeit and the Role of Synthesis. From Kant to Leibniz? Salomon Maimon and the Question of Predication. Salomon Maimon's Philosophy and its Place in the Enlightenment: Wandering in the Land of Difference. Intuition and Diversity: Kant and Maimon on Space and Time. Causa materialis: Solomon Maimon, Moses ben Maimon and the Possibility of Philosophical Transmission -- Part Two: Empirical Skepticism. Maimon's Subversion of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: There are No Synthetic a priori Judgments in Physics. Maimon's "Quid Facti" Argument. What should Kantians learn from Maimon's Skepticism?. Maimon and Fichte -- Part Three: Unknown Work of Salomon Maimon. Salomon Maimon als Rezensent, nebst einer bisher unbeachteten Rezension -- Appendices: The Published Works of Maimon -- Concordance -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- The Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401701976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 92
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Epistemology. ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Concepts of Meaning includes contributions from well-known philosophers of language and semanticists. It is a useful collection for students in philosophy of language, semantics and epistemology. This work discusses new research in semantics, theory of truth, philosophy of language and theory of communication from a trans-disciplinary perspective. An integrated theory of linguistic behavior should provide a framework to make behavior intelligible. This work addresses issues such as sentence meaning, utterance meaning, speaker's intention and reference, linguistic context, circumstances and background theories. Readers will learn that interpretation is a result of a complex pattern
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401702096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 312 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 97
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy of nature ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: According to Ariel Meirav, the root of some of our most noteworthy difficulties in the metaphysics of concrete entities has been the traditional tendency to focus on the horizontal dimension of wholes (i.e. relations between the parts of a whole), and to neglect the vertical dimension (i.e. relations between the whole itself and its parts). In Wholes, Sums and Unities, Meirav formulates a critique of widely accepted mereological assumptions, presents a new conception of wholes as `Unities', and demonstrates the advantages of this new conception in treating a variety of metaphysical puzzles (such as that of Tibbles the cat). More generally he suggests that conceiving wholes as Unities offers us a new way of understanding the world in non-reductive terms
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401735308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 14
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ethics seeks answers to questions about the moral status of human actions and human lives. Actions and lives are temporal things. Thus, one would think that answers to ethical questions should take some account of their temporal features. And yet, while a number of authors have drawn attention to the relation between time and ethics (Derek Parfit and Thomas Nagel in particular), there has never been a systematic study of the impact of temporal considerations on ethical issues. There is a pressing need for an investigation into how time and ethics impact on each other. This book leads the way in addressing that need. The essays in this collection raise and investigate some of the key issues that arise at the intersection between these two areas of philosophy. Anyone with an interest in ethics, (undergraduates, postgraduates and professional philosophers alike), will have a reason to read this book, as will anyone with an interest in the metaphysics of time, and how it connects with issues in other areas of philosophy
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789401703918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 186
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 186
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy. ; Ontology ; History ; Political science. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: The study of natural law theories is presently one of the most fruitful areas of research in the studies of early modern intellectual history, and moral and political theory. Likewise the historical significance of the Enlightenment for the development of `modernisation' in many different forms continues to be the subject of controversy. This collection therefore offers a timely opportunity to re-examine both the coherence of the concept of an `early Enlightenment', and the specific contribution of natural law theories to its formation. The works of major thinkers such as Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, Malebranche, Pufendorf and Thomasius are reassessed, and the appeal and importance of the discourse of natural jurisprudence both to those working inside conventional educational and political structures and to those outside - such as in the Huguenot diaspora - is evaluated. This volume will therefore be of importance to all those readers concerned to study the character of the debates in the period 1650-1750 surrounding moral and political agency, sovereignty and obligation, and the legitimation of religious toleration in the divergent states and patriotic contexts of Europe
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 416 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 231
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 231
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Epistemology. ; History ; Political science. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: In Science and Culture, Joseph Agassi addresses scientism and relativism, two false philosophies that divorce science from culture in general and from tradition in particular. According to Agassi, science is an integral part of culture, and both scientism and relativism ignore the cultural value of science. This work helps break the isolation of science from the rest of culture by promoting popular science and reasonable history of science. Agassi provides examples of the value of science to culture at large, discussions of items of the general culture and their interactions with science, and practical strategies and tools. He offers a wide variety of case studies to exemplify these. In this book Agassi puts significant topics such as autonomy, tolerance, reason, philosophy and responsibility on the agenda of democratic philosophy today
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781402046759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 237 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Methodos Series 2
    Series Statement: Methodos Series, Methodological Prospects in the Social Sciences 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Economics Methodology ; Population ; Epistemology. ; Economic history. ; Epidemiology ; Economics—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: The possibility to analyse human behaviours taking account of the multiple contexts in which they occur, is opening a new research avenue in social sciences. This book considers, through examples drawn from different social sciences, the methodological challenges multilevel analysis permits to answer and points out some limitations of these models. It also considers the more general philosophical and epistemological issues raised by their use, as the multilevel approach offers a mean to combine causal and systemic explanations
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401002899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 559 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 230
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 230
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Do knowledge and science arise from the application of canons of rationality and scientific method? Or is all our scientific knowledge caused by socio-political factors, or by our interests in the socio-political - the view of sociologists of "knowledge"? Or does it result from interplay of relations of power - the view of Michel Foucault? Or does our knowledge arise from "the will to power" - the view of Nietzsche? This volume sets out to critically examine the theses of those who would debunk the idea of rational explanation. The book is wide-ranging. The theories of method of Quine, Kuhn, Feyerabend (amongst others) are discussed and related to the views of Marx, Foucault, Wittgenstein and Nietzsche as well as sociologists of science such as Mannheim and Bloor. The author provides a wide interpretative framework which links the doctrines espoused by many of these authors; it is argued that they inherit many of the difficulties in the Strong Programme in the sociology of "knowledge", and that they fail to reconcile the normativity of knowledge with their naturalism. It is argued that neither relativists, sceptics, nihilists, sociologists of "knowledge" nor the postmodernists successfully debunk the claims of rational explanation, far from it: these theorists presuppose much of the theory of methodology they deny
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401000130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 95
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Keith Lehrer is one of the leading proponents of a coherence theory of knowledge that seeks to explain what it means to know in a characteristically human way. Central to his account are the pivotal role played by a principle of self-trust and his insistence that a sound epistemology must ultimately be ecumenical in nature, combining elements of internalism and externalism. The present book is an extensive, self-contained, up-to-date study of Lehrer's epistemological work. Covering all major aspects, it contains original contributions by some of the most distinguished specialists in the field, outgoing from the latest, significantly revised version of Lehrer's theory. All basic ideas are explained in an introductory chapter. Lehrer's extensive replies in a final chapter give unique access to his current epistemological thinking
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401702058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 139 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 67
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: What is an action, and what is an omission? Are actions natural phenomena, or rather a product of our vision of the world? What is the difference between an action and a mere bodily movement? Can actions be counted? What is the role of intention for the identification of actions? Can we make mistakes in identifying our own actions? Under what conditions is it possible to impute a non-intentional action to someone? This book suggests answers, or at least presents conceptual tools for finding answers, to these and other, related questions. The author displays a sovereign command and profound understanding of the complex theoretical issues involved and offers an original approach to the analysis of action. The book is written in a very accessible style and is of interest to lawyers, legal scientists and philosophers. It will be of specific interest to specialists of action theory and non-specialists who wish to learn more about some of the principal philosophical and legal conceptions of action and the analysis of their structures
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401700795
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 188 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 308
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy of nature
    Abstract: In the book If Tropes, the author attempts to approach and then deal with some of the most basic problems for a theory of tropes. The investigation proceeds from three basic assumptions: (i) tropes (i.e. particular properties) exist, (ii) only tropes exist (that is, tropes are the only basic or fundamental kind of entities), and (iii) the main-function for tropes is to serve as truth-makers for atomic propositions. Provided that one accepts these assumptions the author finds that the trope-theorist will have to deal with two important matters. Some atomic propositions seem to require universal truth-makers and others seem to require concrete truth-makers. This means that universals and concrete particulars will need to be constructed from the material of tropes. Such constructions are attempted and it is argued that it is possible to deal at least with these basic issues while staying squarely within the boundaries of a purely trope-theoretical framework. The book is written in an untechnical language but requires some prior understanding of basic metaphysics
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401725705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 72
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Epistemology. ; Anthropology ; Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Medical sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Besides offering a critical analysis of the WHO definition and a review of both ancient and contemporary conceptions of health, the cooperative effort of physicians and philosophers presented in this book works through the challenges which any definition of health faces, if it is to be both truly personalist, and at the same time operational. The overall purpose of this book is to capture the essentials of human health and to propose the outlines for a personalist understanding of this concept, i.e., a conception that does justice to the personal nature of human beings by introducing dimensions that are essential to personal life and well-being, such as the realms of rationality, affectivity and freedom, the realms of meaning, values, morality, and spirituality, the realms of social and interpersonal relations
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401705837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 311
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book Emma Ruttkamp demonstrates the power of the full-blown employment of the model-theoretic paradigm in the philosophy of science. Within this paradigm she gives an account of sciences as process and product. She expounds the "received statement" and the "non-statement" views of science, and shows how the model-theoretic approach resolves the spurious tension between these views. In this endeavour she also engages the views of a number of contemporary philosophers of science with affinity to model theory. This text can be read by specialists working in philosophy of science or formal semantics, by logicians working on the structure of theories, and by students in philosophy of science - this text offers a thorough introduction to non-statement accounts of sciences as well as a discussion of the traditional statement account of science
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401003797
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 208 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ideas for Hermeneutic Phenomenology of Natural Sciences (published in 1993 as volume 15 of this series) comprised mainly ontological reflections on the natural sciences. That book explained why the natural sciences must be considered inherently interpretive in character, and clarified the conditions under which scientific interpretations are "legitimate" and may be called "true". This companion volume focuses on methodological issues. Its first part elucidates the methodical hermeneutics developed in the 19th century by Boeckh, Birt, Dilthey, and others. Its second part, through the use of concrete examples drawn from modern physics as it unfolded from Copernicus to Maxwell, clarifies and "proves" the main points of the ontologico-hermeneutical conception of the sciences elaborated in the earlier volume. It thereby both illuminates the most important problems confronting an ontologico-phenomenological approach to the natural sciences and offers an alternative to Kuhn's conception of the historical development of the natural sciences
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401599825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 298 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 33
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Economic theory. ; Decision making. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Operations research ; Philosophy. ; Econometrics.
    Abstract: This book deals with a fundamental problem in political and moral philosophy: why should an otherwise rational agent comply with norms? The book is unique in that it deals with this question against the background of previously unconnected work in areas as diverse as evolutionary game theory, moral philosophy, action theory, formal decision theory, and social psychology. The author argues that standard rational choice analyses fail to explain several crucial features of norm-guided behavior. A complete analysis of the reasons rational agents have for compliance with norms has to include an account of specific virtues, such as trust and fairness. In order to accommodate these virtues in the theory of rational choice, Verbeek argues that we need to give up the inherently forward-looking character of instrumentally rational deliberation. Audience: This book will be of interest to students, philosophers, and economists, as well as other social theorists interested in norms
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401599948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book defends moral cognitivism with a new approach. The author maintains that the truth of moral judgments is determined in fundamentally the same way as is the truth of non-moral judgments, i.e. by appeal to truth conditions which are incorporated in beliefs held in common by a wide variety of societies. She argues that if a moral theory can be developed which can account for widely held, well-established moral beliefs, this would provide a set of truth conditions for moral judgments. A theory designed to do this - and through which major moral disagreements can be resolved - is presented here, together with discussions of many actual and possible objections. The book is intended for professional philosophers and advanced students of philosophy
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401707190
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 433 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Power, William L. James F. Harris, Analytic Philosophy of Religion 2004
    Series Statement: Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: This book should prove to be an invaluable resource and reference for both scholars and students interested in any problem in the area of analytic philosophy of religion. Analytic Philosophy of Religion is a thorough examination of the major issues that have occupied twentieth-century Anglo-American, analytic philosophy of religion and the positions that have been developed by the major figures in the field. The author also develops his own critical reactions to these positions and, in many cases, his own positions as well. Attention is focused on what have proven to be the enduring, major problems of analytic philosophy of religion: the development and nature of analytic philosophy, the problem of religious language, the nature of God, arguments for the existence of God, religious experience, religious epistemology, religion and science, the problem of evil, naturalism and humanism, religion and ethics, and religious pluralism. For contents and a free preview for all three volumes: www.new-in-philosophy.com
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401718660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The book's aim is to give a working representation of what metaphysics is today. The historical contributions reveal the roots of metaphysical themes and how today's methods are linked to their Aristotelian and Leibnizian past. The volume also touches on the relationships between ontological and linguistic analysis, the questions of realism and ontological commitment, the nature of abstract objects, the existential meaning of particular quantification, the primitiveness of identity, the question of epistemic versus ontological vagueness, the necessity of origin, the nature of natural necessity, the possibility of intermittent existence, the notion of a temporal part and its place in an account of persistence, the question of identity and change across time and possible worlds, and many more. Readership: A toolbox for any researcher in metaphysics and an essential source for any PhD student with ontological interests
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Part One: Ontology and Analysis. The Question of Realism. Words and Objects -- Part Two: Essence and Existence. Being and Essence in Contemporary Interpretations of Aristotle. Some Comments on Prof. Enrico Berti's Paper "Being and Essence in Contemporary Interpretations of Aristotle". Existence, Identity, and Aristotelian Tradition. Orenstein on Existence and Identity. Abstract Objects: A Case Study. Kinds, Essence, and Natural Necessity. Kinds of Necessity: a Commentary on E.J. Lowe's Paper -- Part Three: Identity. Aristotle's Notion of Identity. Sameness in Aristole's Topics. Identity and Supervenience. Comments on Wiggings's Paper "Identity and Supervenience". Vagueness, Identity, and Leibniz's Law. Williamson on Vagueness, Identity, and Leibniz's Law. Origins and Identities. Forbes on Origins and Identities -- Part Four: Time and Persistence. Leibniz, Composite Substances and the Persistence of Organic Things. On Naturalising Leibniz (a Reply to Anthony Savile). Temporal Parts and Identity Across Time. Van Inwagen on Temporal Parts and Identity Across Time. Change and Change-Ersatz. Starting over -- List of Contributors -- Bibliography -- Index of Names.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401599184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 161
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Edmund Husserl occupied himself with the analysis of time-consciousness throughout his life. In this book, the three stages that may be distinguished in Husserl's occupation with this theme are discussed in their interrelationship. The first stage consists of a lecture manuscript from 1905; the second stage consists of the so-called Bernau manuscripts, research manuscripts that were written in 1917 and 1918; and the final stage consists of the so-called C-manuscripts, research manuscripts that were written in the late 1920s and the early 1930s. Central themes in the discussion of Husserl's phenomenology of time in this book are: the connection between the analysis of time-consciousness and the analysis of phantasy-consciousness and image-consciousness; Husserl's position in the debate between A. Meinong and W. Stern concerning the possibility of the perception of time; the self-constitution of absolute time-consciousness; the influence of Husserl's development of genetic phenomenology on his analysis of time-consciousness; and the question of the intentional character of time-consciousness
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401720205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 227
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 227
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of twenty papers deals with a wide range of issues in philosophy of language, epistemology, history of philosophy, philosophy of psychology, jurisprudence and philosophy of science. It should be of interest to, and prove a stimulus for new work by, researchers and practitioners working in any of these fields. Tracing a route backwards through the papers as presented here, the final group is largely concerned with how empirical knowledge may be acquired through evidence in states of uncertainty; the middle group explores how such evidence often requires or results in conceptual innovation and is given to us in language the meaning of which may be difficult to determine; the first group explores how a theory of meaning can be constructed for natural and artificial languages. The papers exhibit a distinctive analytical perspective and a great deal of thematic continuity, underpinned by commitment to the richness both of language and of enquiry and opposition to simplistic or dogmatic formalisations and analyses
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401598668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 243 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Pragmatism ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: The Emotive Theory was theory ahead of its time, and a theory which was, perhaps understandably, misinterpreted, misrepresented, and ridiculed by its critics from the outset. In Emotion, Truth and Meaning, Dr Wilks not only acquaints the reader with what the original emotivists actually claimed (and clarifies what they actually meant when they made some of the more controversial claims), he enriches their claims by psychologically expanding them. Like its predecessor, Dr Wilks's enriched emotive theory distinguishes between moral conflicts which are rationally resolvable and moral conflicts which are not, but, unlike its predecessor, it traces the irresolvability of the latter to the psychological fact that they are merely symptomatic of more fundamental conflict at the level of world view - the level where questions about the meaning of life are answered, and where the truth of the answers arrived at is emotionally-felt rather than empirically-sensed
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789401735759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 282 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 313
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000) was probably the most influential American philosopher of the twentieth century. In Trading Ontology for Ideology Lieven Decock offers an insightful analysis of the development of Quine's ontological views from his first texts in the early thirties onwards. The importance of Quine's work in logic and set theory for his ontology is highlighted. Decock argues that the tenet of extensionalism is at least as important as naturalism, and assesses the relation between the two. The other focus of the work is the relation between ontology, i.e. what there is, and ideology, i.e. what can be expressed by means of words. Decock shows that the interplay between ontology and ideology is far more complicated and interesting than has generally been assumed
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401599542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 327 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Applied psychology ; Cross-cultural psychology. ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Religion. ; Ethnopsychology.
    Abstract: This volume is the result of an interdisciplinary exchange between philosophers of identity, moral philosophers, philosophers of education, moral psychologists, and post-modern deconstructivists on the subject of personal and moral identity. This interdisciplinary character makes the book special, compared to other publications on the subject. The contributions to the first part of the book reflect on the implications of discussions in philosophy of identity for moral theory and the view of moral identity. In the second part the focus shifts to the philosophical and psychological perspectives on the concepts of self, personal and moral identity and their interrelation. It is argued that both perspectives are needed for giving an account of the emergence of moral identity as part of someone's development into a mature person. The contributions to the third part absorb the criticism of (de)constructivist theories on essentialist conceptions of personal and social identity. This book will be of interest for philosophers and psychologists active in research on identity, self, (moral) development, and related areas
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789401734073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 163
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Medieval philosophy. ; Philosophy, medieval ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: To understand the role of time within the scope of 20th century ontology, after the fundamental works of E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, P. Ricoeur, and E. Levinas, means to develop simultaneously the ontology of time. My aim is to demonstrate that in a definite sense the postmodern onto-logy is chrono-logy. The argument proceeds (and this constitutes its essential novelty) within the `multidimensional space' involving not only the synchronic stratum of current conceptuality in its internal logical relationships, but also the diachronic axis of conceptual genesis. I apply different strategies of analysis in order to emphasize that the concept of the human Self, the concept of being, and the concept of time are inseparably linked with one another. To this triad I add one more link of a theological nature, viz. the relationship between God and the human mind as it has been developed in Orthodox apophatic theology and during the Scholastic controversies concerning the problem of visio Dei
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401710091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Natural and social sciences seem very often, though usually only implicitly, to hedge their laws by ceteris paribus clauses - a practice which is philosophically very hard to understand because such clauses seem to render the laws trivial and unfalsifiable. After early worries the issue is vigorously discussed in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of mind since ca. 15 years. This volume collects the most prominent philosophers of science in the field and presents a lively, controversial, but well-integrated, highly original and up-to-date discussion of the issue. It will be the reference book in the coming years concerning ceteris paribus laws
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401707695
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Political philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) was one of the protagonists in shaping the "new philosophy of science". More than 25 years after his untimely death, it is time for a critical re-evaluation of his ideas. His main theme of locating rationality within the scientific process appears even more compelling today, after many historical case studies have revealed the cultural and societal elements within scientific practices. Recently there has been, above all, an increasing interest in Lakatos' philosophy of mathematics, which emphasises heuristics and mathematical practice over logical justification. But suitable modifications of his approach are called for in order to make it applicable to modern axiomatised theories. Pioneering historical research in England and Hungary has unearthed hitherto unknown facts about Lakatos' personal life, his wartime activities and his involvement in the political developments of post-war Europe. From a communist activist committed to Györgyi Lukács' thinking, Lakatos developed into a staunch anti-Marxist who found his intellectual background in Popper's critical rationalism. The volume also publishes for the first time a part of his Debrecen Ph.D. thesis and it is concluded by a bibliography of his Hungarian writings
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401598903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 300 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Education Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Epistemology. ; Chemistry ; Education—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Many Sides is the first full-length study of Protagorean antilogic, an argumentative practice with deep roots in rhetorical history and renewed relevance for contemporary culture. Founded on the philosophical relativism of Protagoras, antilogic is a dynamic rather than a formal approach to argument, focused principally on the dialogical interaction of opposing positions (anti-logoi) in controversy. In ancient Athens, antilogic was the cardinal feature of Sophistic rhetoric. In Rome, Cicero redefined Sophistic argument in a concrete set of dialogical procedures. In turn, Quintilian inherited this dialogical tradition and made it the centrepiece of his own rhetorical practice and pedagogy. Many Sides explores the history, theory, and pedagogy of this neglected rhetorical tradition and, by appeal to recent rhetorical and philosophical theory, reconceives the enduring features of antilogical practice in a dialogical approach to argumentation especially suited to the pluralism of our own age and the diversity of modern classrooms
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401705882
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 286 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 89
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: What is it for any contingent thing to exist? Why does any contingent thing exist? For some time now, the preferred style in addressing such questions has been deflationary when it has not been eliminativist. In its critical half, this book thoroughly analyzes and demolishes the main deflationary and eliminativist accounts of existence, including those of Brentano, Frege, Russell, and Quine, thereby restoring existence to its rightful place as one of the deep topics in philosophy, if not the deepest. In its constructive half, the book defends the thesis that the two questions admit of a unified answer, and that this answer takes the form of what the author calls a paradigm theory of existence. The central idea of the paradigm theory is that existence itself is a paradigmatically existent concrete individual. In this way the author vindicates onto-theology and puts paid to the Heideggerian conceit that Being cannot itself be a being. This work will be of interest to all serious students and teachers of philosophy, especially those interested in metaphysics and the philosophy of religion
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- I: The Idea of a Paradigm Theory of Existence -- II: Is Existence a First-Level Property?- III: The `No Difference' Theory -- IV: Is Existence a Property of Properties?- V: Mondial Attribute Theories -- VI: The Ontology of the Contingent Existent -- VII: The Ground of the Contingent Existent -- VIII: The Paradigm Existent. References -- Index.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401720854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 76
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: What is truth? This fascinating spectrum of studies into the various rationalities of our human dealings with life - psychological, aesthetic, economic, spiritual - reveals their joints and calls for a new approach to truth. Putting both classical and contemporary conceptions aside, we find the primogenital ground of truth in the networks of correspondences, adequations, relevancies, and rationales at work in life's becoming. Does this plurivocal differentiation mean that the status of truth is relative? On the contrary, submits Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, given the universal significance of the crucial instrument of the logos of life, "truth is the vortex of life's ontopoietic unfolding
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789401728621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 215 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 17
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 17
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume brings together ten original, thematically-related papers, written by prominent figures in the philosophy of science in Australasia and elsewhere. The contributed papers are focused on two fundamental issues in contemporary philosophy of science, the status of scientific realism and the relationship between science and commonsense. The contemporary scientific realism debate turns on the viability of the claims that science aims at truth and that we can justifiably believe that science has achieved or approximated this aim. Several papers in the collection constitute original contributions to this debate. Other papers explore what appears to be an increasingly divergent relationship between the scientific and commonsense images of the world. This volume is a valuable resource for all who are interested in and engaged by contemporary philosophy of science
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597715
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 315 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 50
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Medieval philosophy. ; Philosophy, medieval ; Ontology ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Is Aquinas's Sententia libri Ethicorum an interpretation of Aristotle based on `principles of Christian ethics'? Or do we have in that work a presentation of the foundation of Aquinas's moral philosophy? Professor Doig answers these questions through an examination of the historical context within which the Sententia was composed. In Chapters 1-2, the work's role as a corrective of earlier commentaries is established. Chapter 3, by examining philosophy at Paris between 1215 and 1283, reveals that the proposal by Aquinas of a moral philosophy would have been unexceptional. Chapter 4's investigation of the principles underlying the moral theory of the Sententia makes apparent that they were regarded by Aquinas as both philosophical and Aristotelian. The date to be assigned the composition of the Sententia is studied in Chapter 5, and the conclusion is drawn, that with some probability, the Sententia is its author's final proposal of moral doctrines. The closing Chapter offers a summary of that moral philosophy against the historical background brought out earlier
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597470
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 67
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Political science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: According to platonists, entities such as numbers, sets, propositions and properties are abstract objects. But abstract objects lack causal powers and a location in space and time, so how could we ever come to know of the existence of such impotent and remote objects? In Knowledge, Cause, and Abstract Objects, Colin Cheyne presents the first systematic and detailed account of this epistemological objection to the platonist doctrine that abstract objects exist and can be known. Since mathematics has such a central role in the acquisition of scientific knowledge, he concentrates on mathematical platonism. He also concentrates on our knowledge of what exists, and argues for a causal constraint on such existential knowledge. Finally, he exposes the weaknesses of recent attempts by platonists to account for our supposed platonic knowledge. This book will be of particular interest to researchers and advanced students of epistemology and of the philosophy of mathematics and science. It will also be of interest to all philosophers with a general interest in metaphysics and ontology
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401596800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 216
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 216
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Observations, Astronomical. ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Incommensurability and Related Matters draws together some of the most distinguished contributors to the critical literature on the problem of the incommensurability of scientific theories. It addresses all the various problems raised by the problem of incommensurability, such as meaning change, reference of theoretical terms, scientific realism and anti-realism, rationality of theory choice, cognitive aspects of conceptual change, as well as exploring the broader implications of incommensurability for cultural difference. While it offers new work, and new directions of discussion, on the topic of incommensurability, the book also recapitulates the history of the discussion of the topic that has taken place within the literature on incommensurability
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401596565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 369 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 295
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Current debate in cognitive science, from robotics to analysis of vision, deals with problems like the perception of form, the structure and formation of mental images and their modelling, the ecological development of artificial intelligence, and cognitive analysis of natural language. It focuses in particular on the presence of a hierarchy of intellectual constructions in different formats of representation. These diverse approaches, which share a common assumption of the inner nature of representation, call for a new epistemology - even a new psychophysics - based on a theory of reference which is intrinsically cognitive. As a contribution to contemporary research, the reading presents the core of theories developed in Central Europe between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by philosophers, physicists, psychologists and semanticists who shared a dynamic approach and a pronounced concern with problems of interaction and dependence. These theories offer innovative solutions to some of the epistemological and philosophical problems currently at the centre of debate, like part-whole, theory of relations, and conceptual and linguistic categorization
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401009997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Discourse of the World Religions 1
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Epistemology. ; History ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: All religions make statements about God or the Absolute and about "the beginning": about the beginning of the world and the beginning and nature of the human person. Propositions about God, the human person, and the world, statements about God's eternity or process of becoming, about the status and nature of the human person as the "image of God", and about the beginning of the world are woven into "religious speculations about the beginning". The theology, anthropology, and cosmology of the world religions determine the image of the human person and the image of the world in the world cultures shaped by the different religions. They stand in a tense relationship with the anthropologies and cosmologies of modern science, which in turn challenge the religions to deepen their image of the human person. With this volume leading thinkers of Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam provide the reader with a first-hand source for understanding the five world religions and their teaching about God, the human person, and the origin of the world
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  • 49
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401717878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 370 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 298
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of mind ; Pragmatism ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The topic of this book is a comparison between holism in the philosophy and language and social holism on the one hand and holism about space-time and quantum systems on the other hand. The main claim is that holism in the humanities and holism in fundamental physics come under the same substantial, general conception of holism. That is to say: arguments to the effect that the holism of the mental is unscientific or that the mental is separated from the physical owing to holism are not sound. The holism of the mental fits into a world-view that bases itself on scientific realism. The addressees of this book are all those who care about our view of the world and ourselves in the spirit of an argumentative examination of different positions. No familiarity with physics is presupposed
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  • 50
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401598514
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 169 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 9
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Criminology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Responsibility and Punishment, Third Edition presents a clear-headed defense of retributivism against several long-standing criticisms. In the end, a viable version of retributivism emerges as one which withstands more criticism than competing theories of responsibility and punishment. Extending the problem of wrong doing to collectives and compensation, Corlett explores the matter of reparations for past wrongs in the case of the crimes committed against Native Americans by the United States Government. No other philosophical work on responsibility and punishment exhibits this breadth of scope, as it delves deeply into particular concerns with retributivism, responsibility, and certain areas of compensation. Academicians and professionals in ethics, moral, social, political, and legal philosophy are likely to benefit from this analytical treatment of responsibility and punishment. "In the Third Edition of Responsibility and Punishment, Angelo Corlett has made an outstanding book even better! Corlett's book is distinctive in the way it blends abstract theory with concrete application in a sophisticated way. There is work just on theory, and primarily applied work; but Corlett manages to meld the two in a unique and highly successful way. Highly recommended!" John Martin Fischer, author of "The Metaphysics of Free Will" and "Responsibility and Control". "This provocative and highly insightful piece of work constitutes a novel, significant, and welcome contribution to the literature on the moral justification of punishment. Corlett's development of an original version of retributivism, with special emphasis on principles of proportional punishment, is particularly engaging." Ishtiyaque Haji, author of "Deontic Morality" and "Moral Appraisability". J. Angelo Corlett is Professor of Philosophy & Ethics at San Diego State University, and author of over 75 articles in various leading philosophy and other academic journals, including the books: Analyzing Social Knowledge (Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 1996); Terrorism: A Philosophical Analysis (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), Philosophical Studies Series, Volume 101; Race, Racism, and Reparations (Cornell University Press, 2003). He also serves as the Editor-in -Chief of The Journal of Ethics: An International Philosophical Review (Springer), and is the editor of and contributor to Equality and Liberty: Analyzing Rawls and Nozick (Macmillan, 1990)
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597531
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 43
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Ontology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: While earlier research considered Simone de Beauvoir in the perspectives of Existentialism or Feminism, this work is the first to emphasize her reflective and descriptive approach and the full range of issues she addresses. There are valuable chapters and sections that are historical and/or comparative, but most of the contents of this work critically examine Beauvoir's views on old age (whereon she is the first phenomenologist to work), biology, gender, ethics, ethnicity (where she is among the first), and politics (again among the first). Besides their systematic as well as historical significance, these chapters show her philosophy as on a par with those of Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre in quality, richness and distinctiveness of problematics, and the penetration of her insight into collective as well as individual human life within the socio-historical world
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  • 52
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 155 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Discourse of the World Religions 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Epistemology. ; History ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Technology and the control of nature have arisen from the endeavor to reduce the neediness of human life. Since this reduction is also the goal of religions, there is a necessary proximity between religion and technology. The relationship of humans to nature and technology is an object of religious doctrine and ethics in all of the world's religions. The interpretations and the norms of the treatment of nature in economy and technology, but also the veneration of nature in nature-mysticism and its elevation in cult and sacrament, are forms of expression of the relationship to nature in religions. The development of the modern control of nature through technology appears to be connected to the biblical commission to rule over nature. Buddhism and Hinduism, however, also interpret technology and human control of nature. Technological power raises the question of how the normativeness of the created order intended by religion's concept of creation relates to the human freedom to reshape creation. What answers do religions give to the question of the humane form of technology and the limits to technological power and human control of nature? Leading scholars of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism have created with this volume a first-hand source of information which enables the reader to gain a better understanding of these five world religions and their teachings on nature and technology
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789401596848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 49
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Law. ; Epistemology. ; Political science. ; Ethics ; Criminology ; Law—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: This book addresses the classical but nonetheless still controversial question of what the role is of judicial discretion in adjudication. Its main purpose is to discuss the philosophical and epistemic foundations of two different legal theories: Hartian positivism and Dworkin's interpretivism. Bearing in mind the debate between realism and antirealism, the author shows how Hartian positivism faces serious difficulties to avoid global scepticism, and the problem of rule-following by simply connecting legal determinacy with the existence of settled conventions. In contrast, it is argued that Dworkin's interpretive theory can overcome scepticism by connecting legal determinacy with the idea of the best interpretation, and by rejecting externalism. With a view to justifying this claim, the author presents a reconstruction of Dworkin's philosophical position, which developed along the lines of Putnam's internal realism and Rawls' reflective equilibrium. This book will be of interest to legal theorists, lawyers, judges, and philosophers
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789401596909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 350 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 218
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 218
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Physics. ; History ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This work gives insight into the philosophical influence Ernst Mach (1838-1916) has had on leading Viennese physicists and philosophers of his time by relating the ideas and works of these men to Mach's phenomenalism. The relation between Mach and the University of Vienna Philosophical Society is also examined. In the process little-known documents and correspondence from Mach are presented. Additionally, this extensive research helps clarify the conflict between Mach and most physicists over the reality of atoms and places the claim of Mach and his followers to represent science and philosophy of science against the claim of Planck and Einstein that phenomenalism and positivism were not even compatible with science. Audience: This is an ideal book for both graduate students and scholars in the field of history and philosophy of science
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401707831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 148 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 4
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume contains 12 papers addressed to researchers and advanced students in informal logic and related fields, such as argumentation, formal logic, and communications. Among the issues are attempts to rethink the nature of argument and of inference, the role of dialectical context, and the standards for evaluating inferences, and to shed light on the interfaces between informal logic and argumentation theory, rhetoric, formal logic and cognitive psychology. The volume contains a concluding chapter that interrelates and qualifies the ideas developed in the individual papers
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401597739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 207 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 44
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Although there are various `religious' traces in Heidegger's philosophy, little effort has been made to show the systematic import which his thinking has for outlining a full range of religious and theological questions. Precisely because his thought is opposed to the construction of any `dogma', his vast writings provide clues to what meaning(s) the `Sacred' and the `Divine' may have in a postmodern age where the very possibility of `faith' hangs in the balance. By showing how Heidegger's own thinking can be interpreted as a struggle to come to terms with religious questions, this book undertakes a postmodern investigation of the Sacred which both draws upon and transcends various world-religions and denominations. A postmodern, non-sectarian vision of the Sacred thereby becomes possible which is open to the plurality of religious experiences on the one hand, and yet affirms on the other Heidegger's emphasis (in Beiträge zur Philosophie) on the `last god' as the displacing of all sectarian visions of god. This book will have special appeal to Heidegger scholars, as well as students interested in the overlap between phenomenology and philosophical theology
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597319
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 345 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 302
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Social sciences Methodology ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of mind ; Cognitive psychology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: The merits of this book are first and foremost the combination of theory and practice, then the unique presentation of a philosophical dialogue between prominent authors in the field: Peter Lipton and Wesley C. Salmon, who present in a conciliatory spirit opposing views of explanation. Finally the book features an interdisciplinary account of the application of explanation in philosophy, philosophy of science, psychology, perception, cognition, social sciences, political science, and aesthetics. There is currently a great interest in this kind of interdisciplinary collection of papers, not only among students and researchers of philosophy of science, but also among psychologists and social scientists. The interdisciplinary character of the book will attract readers from various fields of research. Practicing scientists and students who are interested in a particular field of study, will also find in this book insightful theoretical analyses of explanation. The aim of the book is to shed light on the very concept of explanation and to examine its application in diverse settings
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401720106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 294 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 85
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Political philosophy. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; History ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: In this well-researched, comprehensive study of J.S. Mill, Professor Habibi argues that the persistent, dominant theme of Mill's life and work was his passionate belief in human improvement and progress. Several Mill scholars recognize this; however, numerous writers overlook his 'growth ethic', and this has led to misunderstandings about his value system. This study defines and establishes the importance of Mill's growth ethic and clears up misinterpretations surrounding his notions of higher and lower pleasures, positive and negative freedom, the status of children, the legitimacy of authority, and support for British colonialism. Drawing from the entire corpus of Mill's writings, as well as the extensive secondary literature, Habibi has written the most focused, sustained analysis of Mill's grand, leading principle. This book will be useful to college students in philosophy and intellectual history as well as specialists in these fields
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  • 59
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 486 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 177
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 177
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Scandinavian languages ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History. ; Germanic languages.
    Abstract: Linnaeus' mature theodicy, his attempt to reconcile the suffering and evil of the world with the omnipotence and goodness of God, is presented in a condensed form in the final editions of his Systema Naturae (1758/68). In this comprehensive compendium of our knowledge of the three great realms of organic nature, he outlines the significance of the sub-conscious, social awareness and theological orientation in the spiritual life of man, and indicates how fate, fortune, and Providence interrelate within his conception of the Deity. In the Nemesis Divina this general undertaking is developed into an `experimental theology', which is exactly analogous to Linnaeus' work in the natural sciences, in that it involves the collecting and classifying of concrete and carefully described case-studies. He never prepared the manuscript for publication, however, and for many years it was regarded as lost, and it is only very recently that any attempt has been made to publish it in its entirety. This is the first English translation of all the relevant manuscript material. It is also the first attempt to analyse the case-studies in the light of what we know of Linnaeus' general taxonomic principles, and to relate each of them to its historical context
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 264 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 222
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra Data processing ; Epistemology. ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; History ; Computer science—Mathematics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book provides novel insights into the practices of representing invisible objects in nineteenth-century and twentieth-century laboratory sciences. It tackles questions such as: How did scientific practitioners make sense of mathematical representations of theoretical entities, and did their understanding depend on transformations of mathematical sign systems into diagrams, graphs or other iconic modes of representation? Are modes of representation conceptually essential or merely decorative features of scientific discourse? Why did experimental scientists implement theoretically loaded sign systems, such as chemical formulas, in their practical activities, and what were the functions of such sign systems in experimental practice? The essays contained in this volume carefully follow the way scientists constructed, juxtaposed and transformed representations of invisible objects of inquiry, and explore the pragmatic use of representations as tools in scientific and industrial practices. Historians and philosophers of science, but also experimental scientists interested in the epistemological, semiotic and historical issues of their discipline, will find theoretical propositions about representations as well as a multifaceted portrayal of scientists' constructions and applications of representations - be they the structural formula of a dye, the three-dimensional model of a protein, a table conveying relationships between chemical elements, a diagram depicting the functional relationships of the genetic apparatus, or a lengthy text dealing with the molecular level of objects
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401706919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 358 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 30
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 30
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Applied psychology ; Cross-cultural psychology. ; Decision making. ; Ontology ; Artificial intelligence ; Operations research ; Cognitive psychology. ; Ethnopsychology.
    Abstract: Conscience is an essential human attribute. Nevertheless, in the construction of formal models of the subject it is customarily left outside the framework of theoretical analysis. The Algebra of Conscience, whose first edition appeared in 1982, was the first specialized work modeling the phenomenon of conscience. The method used in this book made it possible to connect moral experience with decision-making procedures on the level of mathematical models. The application of such models allows us to propose the hypothesis of two fundamentally different ethical systems determining the normative patterns of human behavior in situations of conflict. Under the first ethical system the subject's self-esteem is raised if the subject seeks to resolve the conflict; in the second it is raised by seeking to dramatize the conflict. The new edition of The Algebra of Conscience is significantly expanded. The second part of the book, devoted to moral choice, is completely new. Based on the theory presented in the first part, it constructs the model of a subject capable of making an intentional choice. A special variable corresponds to the subject's intention. This development allows us to include within the model freedom of will and freedom of choice, and also to generalize classical 2×2 game theory to the case where outcomes, in addition to having utility measures, are either `positive' or `negative.' In its concluding chapters the book constructs a dynamic model of the intentional subject faced with a choice between two alternatives, neither of which is morally acceptable for the subject. It is shown that in this case the probabilities of choice of the alternatives may change chaotically. From this it follows that one cannot predict which alternative will be chosen or even the probabilities with which they will be chosen. Audience: The book is addressed to a broad readership having elementary knowledge of mathematical logic and the theory of probability. It can be used in college courses studying the modelling of moral choice. The book's material can also be used in the design of artificial intelligence systems
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401596688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 296 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 159
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 159
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The book is an analytic exposition of Brentano's early theory of intentionality. In spite of the immense influence of this theory it is the first separate monograph on this topic. The book is based in great part on the unpublished manuscripts where one can find substantially better articulated formulations then those expressed in the already published `standard' works. Our analysis concentrates mainly on the ontological and epistemological problems of Brentano's immanent object. We highlight an interesting ambiguity of this concept and try to outline the inner logic of its evolution. It turns out that Brentano's early philosophy of intentionality should be conceived not as a single, well defined theory but rather as a bundle of kindred but not always fully consistent and sometimes even competing ideas. Primary audience for the work are philosophers interested in Brentano's philosophy, theory of intentionality and its epistemology and ontology, phenomenologists and cognitive scientists. Das Buch bietet eine analytische Darstellung von Brentanos früher Theorie der Intentionalität. Trotz der großen historischen Bedeutung dieser Theorie bildet es die erste Monographie zu diesem Thema. Das Buch basiert zum größten Teil auf den unveröffentlichten Manuskripten, in denen man die Formulierungen findet, die viel besser artikuliert sind als jene, die in den publizierten Standard-Werken Brentanos zu finden sind. Unsere Analyse konzentriert sich in erster Linie auf die ontologischen und epistemischen Probleme des Brentanoschen immanenten Objekts. Wir besprechen eine interessante Mehrdeutigkeit dieses Begriffs und skizzieren die innere Logik seiner Entwicklung. Es stellt sich heraus, daß die frühe Philosophie der Intentionalität Brentanos nicht als eine einheitliche, eindeutig bestimmte Theorie, sondern eher als ein Bündel von verwandten, jedoch nicht immer völlig koherenten und manchmal sogar konkurrierenden Ideen interpretiert werden soll. Das Buch wendet sich in erster Linie an die Philosophen, die sich für die Philosophie Brentanos, für die österreichische Philosophie, für die Theorie der Intentionalität und ihre Epistemologie und Ontologie interessieren. Es wird ferner auch für die Phänomenologen und die Forscher im Bereich der cognitive science interessant sein
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789401008464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXVII, 661 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Husserliana: Edmund Husserl !! Collected Works 9
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Modern philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Genetische Epistemologie ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: Coming from what is arguably the most productive period of Husserl's life, this volume offers the reader a first translation into English of Husserl's renowned lectures on `passive synthesis', given between 1920 and 1926. These lectures are the first extensive application of Husserl's newly developed genetic phenomenology to perceptual experience and to the way in which it is connected to judgments and cognition. They include an historical reflection on the crisis of contemporary thought and human spirit, provide an archaeology of experience by questioning back into sedimented layers of meaning, and sketch the genealogy of judgment in `active synthesis'. Drawing upon everyday events and personal experiences, the Analyses are marked by a patient attention to the subtle emergence of sense in our lives. By advancing a phenomenology of association that treats such phenomena as bodily kinaesthesis, temporal genesis, habit, affection, attention, motivation, and the unconscious, Husserl explores the cognitive dimensions of the body in its affectively significant surroundings. An elaboration of these diverse modes of evidence and their modalizations (transcendental aesthetic), allows Husserl to trace the origin of truth up to judicative achievements (transcendental logic). Joined by several of Husserl's essays on static and genetic method, the Analyses afford a richness of description unequalled by the majority of Husserl's works available to English readers. Students of phenomenology and of Husserl's thought will find this an indispensable work
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 159 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Discourse of the World Religions 2
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Epistemology. ; History ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: All religions face the challenge of explaining, in view of God's goodness, the existence of evil and suffering in the world. They must develop theories of the origin and the overcoming of evil and suffering. The explanations in Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism of evil and suffering and their origin, as well as these world religions' theories of how to overcome evil and suffering, differ from one another, but are also similar in many respects. The human person is always considered to be the origin of evil, and also to be the focus of aspirations to be able to overcome it. The conviction that evil and suffering are not original and can be overcome is characteristic of and common to the religions. The explanations of the origin of evil are closely related to the explanations of the continuation and propagation of evil in human persons, in nature, and in our technology and culture that have been developed in the religions - in Christianity, for example, as the doctrine of original sin. Finally, the world religions are concerned with how to cope with suffering and offer guidance for overcoming evil and suffering. Leading scholars of five world religions, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Hinduism, have created with this volume a first-hand source of information, which enables the reader to gain a better understanding of these religions' central teachings about the origin and the overcoming of evil and suffering
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789401732765
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 238 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 86
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Self.
    Abstract: The Diachronic Mind makes an original contribution to current philosophical debates on the nature of personal identity and the reducibility of the mind. It traces traditional problems facing psychological continuity theories of personal identity to the ease with which theorists of personal identity adopt and apply a sometimes naive physicalism about the mind. This novel diagnosis opens that way to new solutions to traditional problems in the debate on the psychological criterion of personal identity. Through these solutions, an unorthodox version of nonreductive physicalism about the mind-brain relation is developed that avoids the recurrent epiphenomenalism objection to such positions. The book is written in a crisp style that presupposes no more than an elementary knowledge of philosophy. It is intended for students and professional philosophers alike
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401733625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 295 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 87
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Importance of Time is a unique work that reveals the central role of the philosophy of time in major areas of philosophy. The first part of the book consists of symposia on two of the most important works in the philosophy of time over the past decade: Michael Tooley's Time, Tense, and Causation and D.H. Mellor's Real Time II. What characterizes these essays, and those that follow, are the interchanges between original papers, with original responses to them by commentators. The wide range of interrelated topics covered in this book is one of its most distinctive features. The book is divided into six parts: I. Book Symposia, II. Temporal Becoming, III. The Phenomenology of Time, IV. God, Time and Foreknowledge, V. Time and Physical Objects, and VI. Time and Causation, and contains 24 essays by leading philosophers in the various areas: Laurie Paul, Quentin Smith, L. Nathan Oaklander, Hugh Mellor, John Perry, William Lane Craig, Brian Leftow, Ned Markosian, Ronald C. Hoy, Michael Tooley, Storrs McCall, David Hunt, Mark Hinchliff, Robin Le Poidevin, Iain Martel and Eric M. Rubenstein
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401728683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 163 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 296
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This systematic development of the internal realist approach, first developed by Hilary Putnam, tries to steer a middle course between metaphysical realism and relativism. It argues against metaphysical realism that it is open to global skepticism and cannot cope with conceptual pluralism. Against realism it is claimed that there are mind-independent constraints on the validity of our claims to knowledge. The book provides a moderately verificationist account of semantics and a novel explanation of the idea of conceptual schemes. It is also argued that the approach developed can accommodate our commonsense realist intuitions and is also compatible with physicalism and naturalism. Readership: Philosophers at graduate student and advanced level. Advanced undergraduate courses could be based on certain parts of the book
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789401593915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 377 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 215
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 215
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Artificial intelligence ; Quantum physics. ; Gravitation. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The debate on realism in physics is usually focused on the reality of unobservable entities admitted in physical theories. This reality has been often denied (e.g., by Bas van Fraassen). The present book shows that observability is a very complex notion that does not really have direct implications on ontological issues related to the existence of the non-observable entities. This is shown through historical, philosophical and scientific considerations presented in the different parts of the book. Emphasis is also given to the role of experiments, measurement procedures and computer-analyzed data as interface between the theoretical and experimental cultures
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401595209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 45
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science. ; Public international law. ; Logic ; Ontology ; Philosophy. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Law—Philosophy. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: This book examines in some detail how our concepts of an ideal or `universal' audience influence legal argument. It shows how asking what are the arguments and the forms of argumentation that we believe would be accepted by such an audience, is a useful analytical tool. The book explores what, if any, are the constraints that our vision of an ideal audience imposes on public discourse and particularly on legal discourse. Some visions of a universal audience are widely shared; others are only shared within particular political and legal cultures. Stylistic preferences can have as important an influence on legal decision making as do substantive preferences. In some cultures and legal systems there is a preference to resort to broad general principles; in others there is a preference for a more circumscribed and particular mode of legal argument. Different legal cultures have different idealized notions as to the role of the judge. Different conceptions of the role of the judge will influence many aspects of legal decision making, including how statutes and other authoritative official instruments should be interpreted. All these issues will also be influenced by how a particular legal culture envisions the common or public good and by how tolerant a particular legal culture is of diverse outcomes, that is by how much discretion superior legal decision makers are prepared to grant inferior decision makers. This volume will be of interest to academics and professionals in the fields of legal philosophy, argumentation and comparative law
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  • 70
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401141444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 158 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 8
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Decision making. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Microeconomics ; Operations research ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The papers collected here represent the most recent work on a much-neglected problem in practical reasoning - the problem of imperceptible harms and benefits. This problem is better characterized as a series of both practical and technical paradoxes, since those who deny the existence of imperceptible decrements (or increments) face problems no less perplexing than those who affirm their existence. The puzzles and paradoxes combine very practical and pressing worries about our obligations to relieve starvation, mitigate suffering and conserve resources, with deep metaethical worries about the nature of practical rationality and dynamic choice. This collection gathers together the work of moral philosophers, decision theorists, and economic theorists in an attempt to display the dimensions of the problem and to advance alternative solutions
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401141710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 9
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 9
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    Keywords: Education ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Study and teaching ; Science education. ; Epistemology. ; Ethics ; Anthropology ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The primary goal of Everday Thoughts about Nature is to understand how typical ninth-grade students and their science teachers think about Nature or the natural world, and how their thoughts are related to science. In pursuing this goal, the book raises a basic question about the purpose of science education for the public. Should science education seek to educate `scientific thinkers' in the pattern of science teachers? Or, should science education seek to foster sound science learning within the matrices of various cultural perspectives? By carefully examining the ideas about Nature held by a group of students and their science teachers, Cobern argues that the purpose of science education for the public is `to foster sound science learning within the matrices of various cultural perspectives'. Cobern's two books, World View Theory and Science Education Research and now Everyday Thoughts about Nature, provide complementary accounts of theoretical and empirical foundations for worldview theory in science education. While many graduate students and researchers have benefited from his earlier work, many more will continue to benefit from this book
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  • 72
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401140348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 24
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: There are basic questions concerning truth that have been perennial throughout the history of philosophy from the Ancient Greeks onwards: Is `true' a superfluous particle? Is `true' a predicate? What is the relation of truth to the validity of inference rules? Are definitions true or false? What are the bearers of truth - sentences, judgements, or propositions? Can truth be interpreted by correspondence to facts, despite difficulties with the Liar and with a definition of `fact' ? Can we have a consistent and adequate understanding of approximate truth (verisimilitude)? And the metaphysical question: does truth have some relation to being? All these questions are treated in a rigorous argumentation style: (1) Question, (2) objections to a positive answer, (3) answer and thesis, (4) comments and reply to the objections. This transparent, systematic style facilitates our understanding, touches on a variety of aspects of the question, and teaches us to think
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 294 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 293
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The central question in the philosophy of time is whether time is tensed or tenseless, viz., whether the moments of time are objectively past, present or future, or whether they are ordered merely by the tenseless temporal relations earlier than, simultaneous with, and later than. In this book and the companion volume The Tenseless Theory of Time: A Critical Examination, Craig undertakes the first thorough appraisal of the arguments for and against the tensed and tenseless theories of time. The discussions range widely over issues in the philosophy of language, phenomenology, relativity theory, philosophy of space and time, metaphysics, and philosophy of religion. The Tensed Theory of Time sets out to discover whether the ineliminability of tense from language and our experience of tense warrants a belief in its objective ontological status, or whether the defeaters raised by McTaggart's paradox and the Myth of Passage serve to undermine any warrant that the tensed theory of time may be supposed to enjoy
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  • 74
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401594424
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 244 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Origins, Studies in the sources of scientific creativity 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: There is currently no general, encompassing theory of metaphor and analogy, largely due to the many types of contexts in which metaphor and analogy occur, and to the many functions they serve. This collection of papers contains historical case studies, systematic contributions of a general nature, and applications to specific sciences. The bibliographies of the contributions contain references to all central items from the traditions that are relevant today. While providing access to contemporary views on the issue, the papers illustrate the wide variety of functions of metaphors and analogies, as well as the many connections between the study of some of these functions and other subjects and disciplines. The reader is confronted with the provisional and problematic aspects, the specificity of the problems, the specific constraints on their solution, and more. All papers present results from active research. Several of them open up new lines of research
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401714785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 175 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 5
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The outstanding features of this book are that it directly confronts the challenge posed by G.E.M. Anscombe in Modern Moral Philosophy of how moral philosophy can be done, it makes a significant contribution to the debate on virtue theory and anti-theory in ethics, and it shows the relevance of such theoretical discussion by grounding it in, and applying it to, contemporary moral issues such as abortion, suicide, and the moral status of animals. No other book currently available covers this ground. The book is aimed primarily at upper-level undergraduates, graduate students and faculty in philosophy, but it should be accessible to anyone with an interest in practical ethics or the philosophy of Wittgenstein
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401734738
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 294
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The central question in the philosophy of time is whether time is tensed or tenseless, viz., whether the moments of time are objectively past, present or future, or whether they are ordered merely by the tenseless temporal relations earlier than, simultaneous with, and later than. In this book and the companion volume The Tensed Theory of Time: A Critical Examination, Craig undertakes the first thorough appraisal of the arguments for and against the tensed and tenseless theories of time. The discussions range widely over issues in the philosophy of language, phenomenology, relativity theory, philosophy of space and time, metaphysics, and philosophy of religion. The Tenseless Theory of Time sets out to discover whether the ineliminability of tense from language and our experience of tense warrants a belief in its objective ontological status, or whether the defeaters raised by McTaggart's paradox and the Myth of Passage serve to undermine any warrant that the tensed theory of time may be supposed to enjoy
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  • 77
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401142434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 193 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 81
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Speakers can get to know the meaning of any of indefinitely many sentences that they have never heard before. This statement encapsulates the problem of linguistic creativity, which lies at the core of philosophy of language and theoretical linguistics. It has also sparked off a considerable amount of work on the philosophy of mind. After establishing the failure of the familiar compositional approach to the problem, the book adopts a radically new start. It develops core elements of the later Wittgenstein's conception of philosophy, putting them to work to`dissolve' the problem, proving it ill-framed by clarifying the questions posing it and breaking the spell of mistaken analogies that inform it. This sharply focused monograph thus has a dual aim: coping with a crucial problem that turns out to be a lot tougher than is generally supposed, and presenting a precise and rigorous demonstration of an unfamiliar and exciting philosophical approach. Audience: Clearly written and lucidly structured, the book addresses professional philosophers and advanced undergraduates alike
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789401008723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The Apologetic Value of Human Holiness begins by providing the first comprehensive account of the model of human holiness developed by the leading theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar. In so doing, the book also provides the first detailed explication of his Christocentric philosophical anthropology. Part 2 argues that von Balthasar anticipates some key developments in late twentieth-century Anglo-American analytical philosophy, and that certain of these developments - in particular, the `internal realism' of Hilary Putnam - provide powerful support for von Balthasar's theological philosophy. The final part elucidates von Balthasar's core intuition that human holiness is of immense apologetic value for religious faith, and concludes with a new, `internalist' theory of religious pluralism. The Apologetic Value of Human Holiness will be seen as an important and original contribution to both Philosophy of Religion and Theology, and is likely to prove essential reading in upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses in both subjects
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401093316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 16
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Personnel management. ; Management.
    Abstract: What would tempt you to whistleblow? Do Codes of Conduct make organisations ethical? How do people react to taking the blame for others? This book answers such questions, drawing on the views of employees in eight large organisations. One finding is the `whited sepulchre phenomenon': an organisation which presents a squeaky-clean image to the world but has intrinsic failings which cause moral dilemmas for staff. While treatment of customers is regulated by Codes and Charters, internal organisation is typically more anarchic. The study also exposes the moral conflicts generated by party-political machinations in organisations with democratic governance. The book offers a unique perspective on ethical attitudes at work and reactions to responsibility and accountability. It finds that, although religious belief is declining, strong moral beliefs still thrive and `ethical employees' abound. It highlights the importance of empowerment, procedures, and professionalism in creating the `moral organisation'. This original study will interest practitioners in business, the public sector and NGOs, especially human resources professionals, as well as philosophers and business ethicists
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401596169
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 216 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 28
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 28
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401593694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Schopenhauer's philosophy, at first sight so beautifully rounded, upon analysis reveals itself as the secret arena of two conflicting world-views. The present analysis considers the conflict by confronting Schopenhauer as a `disciple-of-sorts of Kant' with Schopenhauer as `Goethe's one-time collaborator on the theory of colour'. Here the two meet over profound issues which the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century has ineluctably put before us: what is the right level at which to apprehend nature; what is the proper foundation for a consistent ethics; how (if at all) to arrive at a unified conception of a world broken by modern science? In this deeply-delving, lucidly written, humane and erudite study, the history of philosophical currents is blended with history of science, with history of ideas generally, and (to elucidate relevant portions of Schopenhauer's biography and intellectual and social environment) with German history too. The analysis, while benefiting from the scholarly literature, is grounded primarily in original research among the collected works of Schopenhauer, Kant and Goethe, considered in all their philosophical, scientific, and literary variety
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789401594462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 355 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 39
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume comprises systematic as well as historical essays, including contributions intended to give comprehensive overviews of such areas as genetic phenomenology, transcendental phenomenology, philosophy and history of logic and mathematics, Kant, hermeneutics, Hegel, and philosophy of language. The book is addressed to phenomenologists, particularly those who are interested in some or all of the areas mentioned. In his introduction Joseph J. Kockelmans indicates that these diverse areas enter into dialogue in the work of Thomas M. Seebohm, whom the editors and authors wish to honor, and the systematic papers mirror the state of the art of research in the above-mentioned disciplines
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  • 83
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401140423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 83
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The notion of belief figures prominently in contemporary philosophy of language and mind and in cognitive science. These essays address a range of issues concerning the complexity of our belief attitudes, their contents, and the influence of motivational factors on beliefs. The book is addressed to philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists and social theorists interested in the problem of representation, metarepresentation and the contents of propositional attitudes
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401091442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 168
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 168
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Modern philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Almost all interpreters of Cartesian philosophy have hitherto focused on the epistemological aspect of Descartes' thought. In his Cartesian Theodicy, Janowski demonstrates that Descartes' epistemological problems are merely rearticulations of theological questions. For example, Descartes' attempt to define the role of God in man's cognitive fallibility is a reiteration of an old argument that points out the incongruity between the existence of God and evil, and his pivotal question `whence error?' is shown here to be a rephrasing of the question `whence evil?' The answer Descartes gives in the Meditations is actually a reformulation of the answer found in St. Augustine's De Libero Arbitrio and the Confessions. The influence of St. Augustine on Descartes can also be detected in the doctrine of eternal truths which, within the context of the 17th-century debates over the question of the nature of divine freedom, caused Descartes to ally himself with the Augustinian Oratorians against the Jesuits. Both in his Cartesian Theodicy as well as his Index Augustino-Cartesian, Textes et Commentaire Janowski shows that the entire Cartesian metaphysics can - and should - be read within the context of Augustinian thought
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789401139359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 15
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; History ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Some think that issues to do with scientific method are last century's stale debate; Popper was an advocate of methodology, but Kuhn, Feyerabend, and others are alleged to have brought the debate about its status to an end. The papers in this volume show that issues in methodology are still very much alive. Some of the papers reinvestigate issues in the debate over methodology, while others set out new ways in which the debate has developed in the last decade. The book will be of interest to philosophers and scientists alike in the reassessment it provides of earlier debates about method and current directions of research
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789401716185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 372 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 287
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Surprisingly, modified versions of the confirmation theory (Carnap and Hempel) and truth approximation theory (Popper) turn out to be smoothly sythesizable. The glue between the two appears to be the instrumentalist methodology, rather than that of the falsificationalist. The instrumentalist methodology, used in the separate, comparative evaluation of theories in terms of their successes and problems (hence, even if already falsified), provides in theory and practice the straight road to short-term empirical progress in science ( à la Laudan). It is also argued that such progress is also functional for all kinds of truth approximation: observational, referential, and theoretical. This sheds new light on the long-term dynamics of science and hence on the relation between the main epistemological positions, viz., instrumentalism (Toulmin, Laudan), constructive empiricism (Van Fraassen), referential realism (Hacking, Cartwright), and theory realism of a non-essentialist nature (constructive realism à la Popper). Readership: Open minded philosophers and scientists. The book explains and justifies the scientist's intuition that the debate among philosophers about instrumentalism and realism has almost no practical consequences
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  • 87
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401009638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 257 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Public Policy and Public Administration 5
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ontology ; Economic policy ; Political science.
    Abstract: Research on government institutions is one of the most exciting intellectual areas in political science and policy studies today. Increasingly it is recognized by scholars in these fields that effective and legitimate policies depend on the design and maintenance of complex institutional arrangements. This book brings together some of the leading scholars in institutional research in The Netherlands. Their work addresses such perennially difficult questions in institutional research such as: How do we understand institutional change? How do we measure the effects of institutions on societal sectors and public policy? How do the normative foundations of government institutions influence their functioning? What are the principles of effective and legitimate institutional design? Through analysis of well-researched examples ranging from the fabled Dutch `poldermodel', through the transformation of the welfare state, through privatizations of the Dutch telecommunications industry, to the work of welfare officials, these authors demonstrate the interpenetration of normative, empirical and design issues in institutional theory. The book is intended for scholars and graduate students in political science, public policy, public administration, and law
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401721288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 211
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 211
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book, 11 leading scholars contribute to the understanding of the scientific and philosophical works of Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), the most luminous Jewish intellectual since Talmudic times. Deeply learned in mathematics, astronomy, astrology (which he strongly rejected), logic, philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and jurisprudence, and himself a practising physician, Maimonides flourished within the high Arabic culture of the 12th century, where he had momentous influence upon subsequent Jewish beliefs and behavior, upon ethical demands, and upon ritual traditions. For him, mastery of the sciences was indispensable in the process of religious fulfilment
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  • 89
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401706049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 210 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 20
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Epistemology. ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: In A Theodicy of Hell Charles Seymour tackles one of the most difficult problems facing the western theistic tradition: to show the consonance between eternal punishment and the goodness of God. Medieval theology attempted to resolve the dilemma by arguing that any sin, no matter how slight, merits unending torment. Contemporary thinkers, on the other hand, tend to eliminate the retributive element from hell entirely. Combining historical breadth with detailed argumentation, the author develops a novel understanding of hell which avoids the extremes of both its traditional and modern rivals. He then surveys the battery of objections ranged against the possibility of eternal punishment and shows how his `freedom view of hell' can withstand the attack. The work will be of particular importance for those interested in philosophy of religion and theology, including academics, students, seminarians, clergy, and anyone else with a personal desire to come to terms with this perennially challenging doctrine
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723619
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 277 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: What are the conditions which must be met for a person to be justly held responsible for his or her moral faults and failures? This is the first book that pays systematic attention to ontological issues impinging on this question. It contains a selection of the papers discussed at the International Confererence on Moral Responsibility and Ontology held at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. In Part I the stage is set by the keynote speakers of the conference, Peter van Inwagen and R. Jay Wallace. Subsequent parts are devoted to responsibility and personal identity, incompatibilist arguments, compatibilist positions, and some related subjects. The book will be enjoyed by scholars in the field and students alike
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 191 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine 4
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    Keywords: Medicine ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Public health
    Abstract: Preventive Medicine between Obligation and Aspiration is a study of ethical questions regarding mass screening, vaccination, and health policy programmes. These interventions aim to enhance public health but may also constrain personal autonomy and cause harm, and influence our moral views. So far, these issues have hardly been subject to systematic ethical analysis. This study aims to fill this gap by providing an overview of moral problems in preventive medicine and by explicating norms for good practice. Throughout the book it is argued that some moral concerns about prevention - namely concerns about medicalization - cannot be adequately grasped in terms of strict and binding moral norms. Various moral concepts and types of norms `beyond obligation' are explored and developed in order to give practical meaning to these rather vague concerns. In this way the book contributes to applied ethics as well as to ethical theory. It is of interest to professionals in public health and preventive medicine and to scholars in applied ethics and moral philosophy
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789401109109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The Completeness of Scientific Theories deals with the role of theories in measurement. Theories are employed in measurements in order to account for the operation of the instruments and to correct the raw data obtained. These observation theories thus guarantee the reliability of measurement procedures. In special cases a theory can be used as its own observation theory. In such cases it is possible, relying on the theory itself, to analyze the measuring procedures associated with theoretical states specified within its framework. This feature is called completeness. The book addresses the assets and liabilities of theories exhibiting this feature. Chief among the prima-facie liabilities is a testability problem. If a theory that is supposed to explain certain measurement results at the same time provides the theoretical means necessary for obtaining these results, the threat of circularity arises. Closer investigation reveals that various circularity problems do indeed emerge in complete theories, but that these problems can generally be solved. Some methods for testing and confirming theories are developed and discussed. The particulars of complete theories are addressed using a variety of theories from the physical sciences and psychology as examples. The example developed in greatest detail is general relativity theory, which exhibits an outstanding degree of completeness. In this context a new approach to the issue of the conventionality of physical geometry is pursued. The book contains the first systematic analysis of completeness; it thus opens up new paths of research. For philosophers of science working on problems of confirmation, theory-ladenness of evidence, empirical testability, and space--time philosophy (or students in these areas)
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401109369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 53
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Part I of this book presents a theory of modal metaphysics in the possible-worlds tradition. `Worlds' themselves are understood as structured sets of properties; this `Ersatzist' view is defended against its most vigorous competitors, Meinongianism and David Lewis' theory of existent concrete worlds. Related issues of essentialism and linguistic reference are explored. Part II takes up the question of lexical meaning in the context of possible-world semantics. There are skeptical analyses of analyticity and the notion of a logical constant; and an `infinite polysemy' thesis is defended. The book will be of particular interest to metaphysicians, possible-world semanticists, philosophers of language, and linguists concerned with lexical semantics
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  • 94
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 153
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose `framework of complementarity' shaped the final phase of the quantum revolution and influenced two generations of the century's leading physicists. There is much on which the authors included here agree; but there are also polar disagreements, which assure us that the philosophical questions revolving around Bohr's `new viewpoint' will continue to be a subject of scholarly interest and discussion for years to come. This collection will interest all serious students of history and philosophy of science, and foundations of physics
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  • 95
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401732741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 156
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 156
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Mathematics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: An understanding of developments in Arabic mathematics between the IXth and XVth century is vital to a full appreciation of the history of classical mathematics. This book draws together more than ten studies to highlight one of the major developments in Arabic mathematical thinking, provoked by the double fecondation between arithmetic and the algebra of al-Khwarizmi, which led to the foundation of diverse chapters of mathematics: polynomial algebra, combinatorial analysis, algebraic geometry, algebraic theory of numbers, diophantine analysis and numerical calculus. Thanks to epistemological analysis, and the discovery of hitherto unknown material, the author has brought these chapters into the light, proposes another periodization for classical mathematics, and questions current ideology in writing its history. Since the publication of the French version of these studies and of this book, its main results have been admitted by historians of Arabic mathematics, and integrated into their recent publications. This book is already a vital reference for anyone seeking to understand history of Arabic mathematics, and its contribution to Latin as well as to later mathematics. The English translation will be of particular value to historians and philosophers of mathematics and of science
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 238
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of `a way of life' (E.M. Zemach)
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789401720410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 448 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 241
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Professor Donald Davidson is one of the most innovative and influential recent philosophers. Ranging over a variety of topics in the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology, his system of thought is unified by his inquiries into the nature of interpretation and understanding the speech and behavior of others. Together with its introduction, Language, Mind and Epistemology examines Davidson's unified stance towards philosophy by joining American and European authors within a collection of essays, published here for the first time. The authors discuss the central topics in Davidson's latest philosophy: his holistic truth-theoretic stance towards meaning and understanding, the epistemology of interpretation and translation, the externalist viewpoint in epistemology, the anti-Cartesian approach in accounting for first person authority, the thesis of anomalous monism, and the holistic conception of the mental
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  • 98
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 189 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 59
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scientific and religious belief
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Religion ; Wissenschaft ; Glaube ; Religionsphilosophie ; Wissen ; Naturwissenschaften
    Abstract: This book provides new insights into the interrelation between scientific and religious belief. The chapters cover important features of belief in general and discuss distinctive properties between belief, knowledge and acceptance. These properties are considered in relation and comparison to religious belief. Among the contributions are topics such as: the change of scientific belief in relation to the change of our information. Is belief value-free? What are rational reasons (for the justification) of religious hypotheses? What are the important similarities and differences between scientific and religious belief? The different features and aspects are discussed in respect to the great religions of mankind. In addition to the research papers the book contains selections of the discussion which help to clarify interesting details. The book will be of interest to a vast readership among philosophers, theologians and people interested in philosophical questions concerning religion
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 208 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: This study gives the first English translation of Lectura I 39, a key text of the medieval theologian and philosopher John Duns Scotus (1266--1308), together with an introduction and a commentary. In the history of thought, Scotus is the first scholar to develop a consistent analysis of the basic Christian notions of contingency and freedom. This analysis can be found in his important early work, Lectura I 39, in which the question of whether God has knowledge of future contingents is discussed. Reality is contingent, which means that reality in its factual shape could have been otherwise; God does not rule by determinism nor is He ruled by it -- nor is man, neither is their relationship. This fundamental insight made Christian thought turn away from the ancient conception that everything is (at bottom) necessary. For graduate students, philosophers and theologians
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The general view of Russell's work among philosophers has been that repeatedly, during his long and distinguished career, crucial changes of mind on fundamental points were significant enough to cause him to successively adopt a diversity of radically new philosophical positions. Thus, Russell is seen to have embraced and then abandoned, amongst others, neo-Hegelianism, Platonic realism, phenomenalism and logical atomism, before settling finally on a form of neutral monism that philosophers have generally found to be incredible. However, in recent years there have been signs of increasing awareness that the extent to which Russell was prone to change philosophical position may have been greatly exaggerated. This book represents the first detailed attempt to trace the fundamental unity that lies within all of Russell's philosophical work, as well as the reasons behind those limited orderly changes that did, in fact, occur within it. The main thesis of the book is that there is a lot more continuity in Russell's philosophy than has been usually acknowledged, and that the major changes that do occur are much more orderly than Russell's reputation for erratically changing his views allows. Drawing on a wide selection of Russell's own statements, a general account of Russellian analysis is developed which shows it to have a highly organised structure, which he consistently applies throughout all of his post-idealist philosophising. This book is addressed primarily to serious students of Russell's philosophy, and is suitable for use in both postgraduate and undergraduate courses on Russell's philosophy generally, on specific aspects of his work, or on analytic philosophy in the twentieth century. However, the book is written clearly enough to be read by the many general readers interested in finding out more about Russell's philosophy
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