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  • 2005-2009  (2,814)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (1,440)
  • Boston, MA : Safari  (1,096)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2751-3181 , 2751-3181 , 2751-319X
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Formationen der Mediennutzung
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Medienkonsum ; Monografische Reihe ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Monografische Reihe ; Medienkonsum ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript | Wilhelmshaven : Noetzel | Münster : LIT | Leipzig : Henschel ; 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    ISSN: 0940-1008
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    Additional Information: Vorg. u. 10.2000 - 12.2002 Tanzforschung Münster : Lit-Verl., 1991 0940-1008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jahrbuch Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch ... der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    DDC: 792.805
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Tanz ; Tanz ; Forschung
    Note: Ab 13.2003 als Schriftenreihe; ersch. unregelmäßig; 31.2021 nicht erschienen
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0932-7983 , 2751-3866
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Additional Information: Didaktische Handreichung Friedensgutachten ... didaktisch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Friedensgutachten ...
    DDC: 320
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    Keywords: Peace Periodicals ; Security, International Periodicals ; Disarmament Periodicals ; Germany (West) Periodicals Foreign relations ; Zeitschrift ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Weltfriede ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Reihenfolge d. Urh. wechselt , Ersch. jährl. , Index 1987/2006 in: 20 Jahre Friedensgutachten, 2006
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wien : LIT | Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2004 -
    ISSN: 2702-9387
    Language: German , English
    Additional Material: CD-ROMs als Beil.
    Dates of Publication: 1.2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Habitat - international
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783837610758
    Language: German
    Pages: 225 mm x 148 mm, 321 gr.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Medientheorie
    DDC: 780
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    Keywords: Indien ; Musik ; Kultur ; Europa ; Indien ; Musik ; Rezeption ; Europa ; Indien ; Musik ; Europa ; Interkulturelle Kompetenz ; Indien ; Musikerziehung ; Lehrer ; Schüler ; Tradition
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript | Baden-Baden : Nomos, Ed. Sigma | Berlin : Ed. Sigma ; 1.1997 -
    ISSN: 2702-9255 , 2702-9263
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1997 -
    Additional Information: 26=[1]; 66=2 von Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut WSI-Frauendatenreport Berlin : Ed. Sigma, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hans-Böckler-Stiftung Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript | Essen : Klartext-Verl. ; 1.1993 -
    ISSN: 2702-9085 , 2702-9093
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edition Umbruch
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Kulturpolitik
    Note: Teilw. hrsg. von der Kulturpolitschen Gesellschaft, Bonn , Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783837610970
    Language: German
    Pages: 448 S.
    Series Statement: Science Studies
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2006
    DDC: 001.4
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    Keywords: Learning and scholarship ; Research and development projects ; Research Methodology ; Wissenschaftsorganisation ; Forschungsinstitut ; Organisation ; Wissenschaft ; Forschungsprojekt ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Forschungsprojekt ; Wissenschaft ; Organisation ; Forschungsprojekt ; Wissenschaft ; Forschungsinstitut ; Wissenschaftsorganisation
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783837610758
    Language: German
    Pages: 215 S. , Ill.
    Additional Material: DVD-Video (12 cm)
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Medientheorie
    DDC: 306.4842
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    Keywords: Hindustani music Appreciation ; Hindustani music Appreciation ; Hindustani music Instruction and study ; Hindustani music Instruction and study ; Musik ; Kultur ; Europa ; Indien ; Europa ; Indien ; Indien ; Musik ; Kultur ; Europa
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9783837610789
    Language: German
    Pages: 255 S. , 225 mm x 135 mm, 361 gr.
    Series Statement: Technik, Körper, Gesellschaft 4
    Series Statement: Technik, Körper, Gesellschaft
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008
    DDC: 302.35094
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    Keywords: Euregio ; Regionale Kooperation ; Technologietransfer ; Soziales Netzwerk ; Deutschland ; Niederlande ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783837610420 , 383761042X
    Language: German
    Pages: 322 S. , Ill. , 225 mm x 135 mm, 487 gr.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Medientheorie
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2008
    DDC: 306.01
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    Keywords: Autorität ; Autorschaft ; Kulturtheorie ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9783837612813
    Language: German
    Pages: 416 S.
    Series Statement: Edition Moderne Postmoderne
    DDC: 179
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1700-2000 ; Geistesgeschichte ; Grausamkeit ; Metaphysik ; Grausamkeit ; Kultur ; Kulturgeschichte ; Europa ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Metaphysik ; Grausamkeit ; Grausamkeit ; Geistesgeschichte ; Grausamkeit ; Metaphysik ; Grausamkeit ; Kulturgeschichte ; Europa ; Grausamkeit ; Kultur ; Geschichte 1700-2000
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783839409893
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Literalität und Liminalität Band 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.01
    Keywords: Culture ; Philosophy ; Consumption (Economics) ; Social aspects ; Electronic books
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9783837612646
    Language: German
    Pages: 404 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Museumsmanagement
    DDC: 304.8074
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    Keywords: Ellis Island Immigration Museum ; Pier 21 Museum ; Immigration Museum ; Multikulturelle Gesellschaft ; Einwanderung ; Ausstellung ; Migration ; Museumskunde ; Migration ; Kulturelle Entwicklung ; Musealisierung ; Geschichtspolitik ; Ausstellung
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 365-401
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783837611571
    Language: German
    Pages: 111 S.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    Series Statement: X-Texte zu Kultur und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 140.44
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    Keywords: Vita contemplativa
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9783837611625
    Language: German
    Pages: 230 S. , graph. Darst.
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Klingovsky, Ulla: Didaktisch-methodische Handlungsweisen als Regierungspraktiken
    DDC: 371.3943
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    Keywords: Foucault, Michel ; Selbstgesteuertes Lernen - Didaktik - Weiterbildung ; Didaktik ; Politische Philosophie ; Lehr-Lern-Forschung ; Selbstgesteuertes Lernen ; Führungstheorie ; Machttheorie ; Rezeption ; Weiterbildung ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Foucault, Michel 1926-1984 ; Politische Philosophie ; Rezeption ; Didaktik ; Weiterbildung ; Selbstgesteuertes Lernen ; Didaktik ; Weiterbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Lehr-Lern-Forschung ; Machttheorie ; Führungstheorie
    Abstract: " Gestalte dich selbst"- so lautet das Credo einer" Neuen Lernkultur"für die Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung. Gefordert werden variablere Lehr-Lern-Arrangements, die sich von konkreten Inhalten lösen und stattdessen Aktivität und Selbstverantwortung der lernenden Subjekte fördern sollen. Wie sich didaktisch-methodische Handlungsweisen dabei in komplexe Machtverhältnisse verstricken, dechiffriert dieses Buch mit den Mitteln einer gouvernementalitätstheoretischen Analyse. (Verlagstext).
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9783837612776
    Language: German
    Pages: 374 S. , graph. Darst.
    DDC: 306.461
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    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Arbeitsfähigkeit ; Politische Rede ; Diskursanalyse ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9783837611298
    Language: German
    Pages: 297 S. , Ill. , 23 cm, 480 gr.
    Series Statement: Materialitäten 11
    Series Statement: Materialitäten
    Dissertation note: zugl.: Darmstadt, Techn. Univ., Diss. (erw. Fassung)
    DDC: 305.83105957
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    Keywords: Deutscher Einwanderer - Finanzmakler - Alltag - Soziales Handeln - London - Singapur ; Deutscher Einwanderer - Finanzmakler - Stadtleben - Kulturelle Identität - London - Singapur ; Stadtleben ; Alltag ; Finanzmakler ; Kulturelle Identität ; Soziales Handeln ; Deutscher Einwanderer ; Singapur ; London ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutscher Einwanderer ; Finanzmakler ; Stadtleben ; Kulturelle Identität ; London ; Singapur ; Deutscher Einwanderer ; Finanzmakler ; Alltag ; Soziales Handeln ; London ; Singapur
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783837612554
    Language: German
    Pages: 385 S. , Ill. , 225 mm x 148 mm, 606 gr.
    Series Statement: Medienumbrüche 43
    Series Statement: Medienumbrüche
    DDC: 302.23
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    Keywords: Medienkultur ; Kognition ; Anthropologie ; Medien ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9783839410844
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 S.) , Ill.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Museumsmanagement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 069.15
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    Keywords: Kulturarbeit ; Museum ; Museumspädagogik ; Organisationen, Museumswissenschaft ; Kulturarbeit Museum ; Kongress ; München 〈2008〉 ; Museumspädagogik Kongress ; München 〈2008〉 ; Museum ; Museumspädagogik ; Kulturarbeit ; Konferenzschrift 2008 ; Konferenzschrift 2008 ; Museumspädagogik ; Kulturarbeit ; Museum
    Abstract: Museen sind Orte kultureller Bildung. Mit ihren vielfältigen Sammlungsbeständen eröffnen sie Zugänge zu Technik, Natur, Geschichte und Kunst, bieten Raum für vielfältige kulturelle Ausdrucksformen, schärfen den Blick auf unsere Welt und Umwelt. Museen sind Foren für Laien wie für Experten, öffentliche Orte, an denen Wissen vermittelt wird und Selbstbildung stattfindet. Wie erfüllen Museen ihren Bildungsauftrag? Museumsexpertinnen und -experten aus dem In- und Ausland sowie Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus der Lernpsychologie untersuchen in diesem Buch Aneignungsprozesse und geben in Praxisberichten einen Überblick über erprobte Vermittlungsformen und innovative Konzepte
    Note: Beitr. überw. dt., teilw. engl.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9783839409879
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (407 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Medientheorie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 809.8920691
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    Keywords: Akkulturation ; Culture in literature ; Emigration and immigration in literature ; Globalisierung 〈Motiv〉 ; Globalisierung ; Globalization in literature ; Interkulturalität ; Literatur, Rhetorik, Literaturwissenschaft ; Migrantenliteratur ; Migration ; Culture in literature Congresses ; Emigration and immigration in literature Congresses ; German literature Congresses Turkish authors ; German literature Turkish authors ; Globalization in literature Congresses ; Interkulturalität ; Globalisierung ; Akkulturation ; Globalisierung ; Migration ; Migrantenliteratur ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Globalisierung ; Akkulturation ; Migrantenliteratur ; Migration ; Globalisierung ; Interkulturalität
    Description / Table of Contents: In Zeiten transkultureller Bewegungen erweist sich die Literatur, die sich aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht in nationale Grenzen einpassen lässt, als ein zentrales Untersuchungsfeld: Kulturelle Veränderungen, die durch Migration von Menschen, Ideen, Waren und Sprachen entstehen, lassen sich hier auf eine umfassende Weise analysieren. In aktuellen Fallstudien untersuchen die Beiträge dieses Bandes unter anderem kulturelle Grenzziehungen in muslimischen bzw. türkischen Gemeinschaften und setzen sich dabei mit dem neuen »Zwang zur Kultur« auseinander. Daran anschließend wird der Begriff »Weltliteratur« auf seine Brauchbarkeit in diesen Kontexten untersucht, insbesondere im Hinblick auf nicht-europäische, etwa afrikanische Repräsentationsmodelle von Literatur. Einzelanalysen von Filmen und literarischen Texten zeigen, dass die so genannte Migrationsliteratur eine ästhetische Reflexion auf kulturelle Integration einerseits, aber auch auf verschiedene Formen von sozialer, individueller und sprachlicher Desintegration andererseits ist. Der Band wird ergänzt durch zwei Interviews mit Ilja Trojanow und Feridun Zaimoglu
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Pearson IT Certification | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780789740106
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 video file, approximately 35 hr., 13 min.)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic data processing personnel Certification ; Computer security Study guides Examinations ; Electronic videos ; local ; Sécurité informatique ; Examens ; Guides de l'étudiant ; Computer security ; Examinations ; Electronic data processing personnel ; Certification ; Study guides
    Abstract: The fast, powerful way to prepare for your CISSP exam! 30+ hours of personal video training from leading security expert Shon Harris Achieving the (ISC)2’s globally recognized CISSP can give your IT career a lift. In this DVD, the world’s #1 CISSP trainer brings her legendary five-day boot camp to your computer screen. Packed with over 30 hours of instruction adapted from Shon’s classes, this video course includes realistic labs, scenarios, case studies, and animations designed to build and test your knowledge in real-word settings. Preparing for the CISSP has never been this easy or convenient. Master the skills and concepts you need for all ten CISSP common body of knowledge domains: Access Control Application Security Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning Cryptography Information Security and Risk Management Legal, Regulations, Compliance, and Investigations Operations Security Physical (Environmental) Security Security Architecture and Design Telecommunications and Network Security System Requirements OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows 2000, XP, or Vista; Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) or later MULTIMEDIA: DVD drive; 1024 x 768 or higher display; sound card with speakers COMPUTER: 500MHz or higher CPU; 128MB RAM or more
    Note: Online resource; Title from title screen (viewed May 1, 2009)
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (189 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Security Testing Handbook for Banking Applications is a specialised guide to testing a wide range of banking applications. The book is intended as a companion to security professionals, software developers and QA professionals who work with banking applications.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed February 19, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Berrett-Koehler Publishers | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (216 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Some leadership skills are enduring. But to be successful in the future, leaders also need an emerging set of skills uniquely suited to dealing with the challenges of the threshold decade we are entering. Today’s businesses and organizations are operating in a world characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Though they already seemed stressed to the breaking point, Johansen reminds us that we are also more connected than ever before in our history, but we must fully realize the benefits of that connectivity. In the next decade, leaders will not just see the future—they will make it! But they will not be able to do it alone. Institute for the Future has been developing ten-year forecasts for some of the world’s top organizations for forty years—it is the only futures group to outlive its own forecasts. Bob Johansen draws on IFTF’s latest forecast (included in this book) to introduce skills that will help leaders see connections in the larger systems of which they are a part, embrace shared assets and opportunities, and cut through the chaos to make a better future. Separate chapters focus on each skill, identifying the new circumstances that make it necessary and providing examples of the skill in action. How adroit are you at dilemma flipping—turning problems that can’t be permanently solved into opportunities? What is your level of immersive learning ability—the ability to dive into very different physical and online worlds and learn from them? Do you know what a smart mob is and how to organize one? Johansen provides role models, tools, and advice to help you develop these and seven other skills. We are facing times of unprecedented challenge. Combining research-based forecasts, real-world examples, and his own astute analysis, Bob Johansen helps you identify and acquire the abilities you need to thrive in this difficult world.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 11, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Auerbach Publications | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781420070910
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (411 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Rapid deployment and acceptance of broadband networks, including the 802.11 a/b/g, 3G cellular networks, WiMAX, and emerging 4G cellular IP networks, have sparked a growing reliance on voice over IP and the quickly emerging IP TV and Mobile TV. Providing the necessary background and technical understanding to stay abreast of and even ahead of the I
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 23, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : AMACOM | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (336 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: How do you quantify the value of employees? Very carefully.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed February 23, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Rockport Publishers | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (288 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: An indispensable primer for students and first-stop reference for professionals, Form, Fit, and Fashion guides the fashion designer through the entire design process, from conceiving a garment to marketing it.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 1, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Rockport Publishers | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (192 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: First-hand experience and passion for fashion illustration were the driving forces behind the creation of Essential Fashion Illustration: Men.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 1, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (244 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: “ Fletcher and Gardner have created a comprehensive resource that will be of interest not only to those working in the field of finance, but also to those using numerical methods in other fields such as engineering, physics, and actuarial mathematics. By showing how to combine the high-level elegance, accessibility, and flexibility of Python, with the low-level computational efficiency of C++, in the context of interesting financial modeling problems, they have provided an implementation template which will be useful to others seeking to jointly optimize the use of computational and human resources. They document all the necessary technical details required in order to make external numerical libraries available from within Python, and they contribute a useful library of their own, which will significantly reduce the start-up costs involved in building financial models. This book is a must read for all those with a need to apply numerical methods in the valuation of financial claims. ” –David Louton, Professor of Finance, Bryant University This book is directed at both industry practitioners and students interested in designing a pricing and risk management framework for financial derivatives using the Python programming language. It is a practical book complete with working, tested code that guides the reader through the process of building a flexible, extensible pricing framework in Python. The pricing frameworks' loosely coupled fundamental components have been designed to facilitate the quick development of new models. Concrete applications to real-world pricing problems are also provided. Topics are introduced gradually, each building on the last. They include basic mathematical algorithms, common algorithms from numerical analysis, trade, market and event data model representations, lattice and simulation based pricing, and model development. The mathematics presented is kept simple and to the point. The book also provides a host of information on practical technical topics such as C++/Python hybrid development (embedding and extending) and techniques for integrating Python based programs with Microsoft Excel. The book is accompanied by a CD ROM containing a code library; and a companion website www.wiley.com/go/fletcher_python which will feature code-based updates relating to Python 3.0.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed August 11, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783839411278 , 9783837611274
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (293 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Urban studies
    Uniform Title: Stadt und Habitus
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Bremen 2009
    DDC: 307.7
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    Keywords: Habitus ; Ländlicher Raum ; Sociology, Urban ; Sozialgeographie ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Urbanität ; Habitus ; Sozialgeografie ; Urbanität ; Ländlicher Raum ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Ländlicher Raum ; Urbanität ; Habitus ; Ländlicher Raum ; Urbanität ; Sozialgeografie
    Description / Table of Contents: Ist die Gegenwartsgesellschaft vollständig urbanisiert? Die ursprünglich klassische städtische Eigenschaft der Urbanität scheint in der Moderne zu einer allgemeingültigen Semantik zu werden, deren räumliche Anwendung sich nicht mehr nur auf Städte beschränken lässt. Das Buch spürt dieser These aus sozialgeographischem Blickwinkel nach und fragt in vergleichender Perspektive nach der Urbanität im Verhalten und in den Einstellungen der Menschen im ländlichen Südbayern und München. Aktuelle urbanistische Diskurse sowie klassische Arbeiten der Stadtgeographie und -soziologie werden mit der Sozialtheorie von Pierre Bourdieu verwoben und zu einer Urbanitätstheorie verdichtet
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9783839407127
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (389 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Science Studies
    Uniform Title: Zur Logik der Medienforschung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Kassel 2006
    DDC: 302.2301
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    Keywords: Differenzierung ; Disziplin (Wissenschaft) ; Interdisziplinäre Forschung ; Medienforschung ; Medienwissenschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Systemtheorie ; Wissenschaftsforschung ; Gesellschaft ; Massenmedien ; Politik ; Mass media Influence ; Mass media Political aspects ; Mass media Research ; Mass media Social aspects ; Differenzierung ; Wissenschaftsforschung ; Disziplin ; Medienforschung ; Medienwissenschaft ; Interdisziplinäre Forschung ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Medienforschung ; Interdisziplinäre Forschung ; Medienwissenschaft ; Disziplin ; Differenzierung ; Medienwissenschaft ; Wissenschaftsforschung
    Note: Description based on online resource
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783837612363
    Language: German
    Pages: 274 S. , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Kultur und soziale Praxis
    DDC: 304.801
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1900-2006 ; Geschichte ; Nationalstaat ; Einwanderung ; Assimilation ; Diskursanalyse ; Integration ; Migration ; Theorie ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [255]-274
    URL: Cover
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783837610765
    Language: German
    Pages: 142 S. , Ill. , 225 mm x 135 mm, 211 gr.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Medientheorie
    DDC: 302.23
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    Keywords: Massenmedien ; Visualisierung ; Medientheorie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781597494823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (464 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: CompTIA Linux+ Certification Study Guide offers a practical guide for those interested in pursuing a Linux+ certification. It covers the required content as specified in CompTIAs exam objectives and has been shaped according to the respective exam experiences of the authors. Careful attention has been paid to ensure that each exam objective has been covered and that each term in the list at the end of the objectives has been included in a glossary at the end of the book. The book has been designed in such a way that readers will start with installing Linux and end up with a useable and secure Linux workstation and server that is supported and managed. Key topics discussed include booting Linux; how to use the BASH command-line interpreter (CLI) or BASH shell; and how to install applications to transform the Linux system into a productive tool. The remaining chapters cover the configuration of Linux as a workstation and as a server; security objectives; and the care and feeding of a Linux system. Each chapter ends with 15 exam questions along with a corresponding answer key. Covers everything from test taking techniques to advanced topics - keeping the beginner and intermediate IT professional in mind Layout of the guide parallels the 2009 Linux+ objectives for ease of study More than just a book, this kit includes a self test, tiered questions, and two practice exams
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed October 21, 2009)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : TSO | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780113310609
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (166 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This publication has been designed to be a role specific handbook for senior managers and project board members, which describes how to oversee projects, The guide sets PRINCE2 in the wider context of project management (but still non-specific for industry sector) and describes or cross-references techniques which support the PRINCE2 method. being managed using PRINCE2.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 16, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (434 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Abstract: A Development Emergency: the title of this year's Global Monitoring Report, the sixth in an annual series, could not be more apt. The global economic crisis, the most severe since the Great Depression, is rapidly turning into a human and development crisis. No region is immune. The poor countries are especially vulnerable, as they have the least cushion to withstand events. The crisis, coming on the heels of the food and fuel crises, poses serious threats to their hard-won gains in boosting economic growth and reducing poverty. It is pushing millions back into poverty and putting at risk the very survival of many. The prospect of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, already a cause for serious concern, now looks even more distant. A global crisis must be met with a global response. The crisis began in the financial markets of developed countries, so the first order of business must be to stabilize these markets and counter the recession that the financial turmoil has triggered. At the same time, strong and urgent actions are needed to counter the impact of the crisis on developing countries and help them restore strong growth while protecting the poor. Global Monitoring Report 2009, prepared jointly by the staff of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, provides a development perspective on the global economic crisis. It assesses the impact on developing countries, their growth, poverty reduction, and other MDGs. And it sets out priorities for policy response, both by developing countries themselves and by the international community. This report also focuses on the ways in which the private sector can be better mobilized in support of development goals, especially in the aftermath of the crisis
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This new addition to the 'Little DataBook' series presents at-a-glance tables for over 140 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821381366
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The Annual Review of Development Effectiveness 2009 presents evidence on the World Bank’s efforts in two areas. Part I tracks the outcomes of Bank projects and country programs and the evolution of monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Part II examines the Bank’s support for environmentally sustainable development compatible with economic growth and poverty reduction. The Bank’s project performance rebounded in 2008, allaying concerns about the weakened performance in 2007. As previous ARDEs have shown, project performance has been improving gradually for 15 years according to the traditional measure -- percent of projects with satisfactory (versus unsatisfactory) outcomes. But IEG ratings of M&E quality for completed projects indicate considerable room for progress. Information to assess impacts continues to be lacking although preliminary data suggests improvements in baseline data collection. Bank support for the environment has recovered since 2002 due to new sources of concessional finance. The outcomes of environment projects have improved in recent years. A growing number of regional projects are addressing the shared use of water resources. New global partnerships are deepening the Bank’s involvement in climate change issues. But M&E remains weak: three-quarters of environment-related projects - those managed by sectors other than environment - lack reporting of environmental outcomes
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Wodon, Quentin Is Low Coverage of Modern Infrastructure Services in African Cities Due To Lack of Demand Or Lack of Supply?
    Abstract: A majority of sub-Saharan Africa’s population is not connected to electricity and piped water networks, and even in urban areas coverage is low. Lack of network coverage may be due to demand or supply-side factors. Some households may live in areas where access to piped water and electricity is feasible, but may not be able to pay for those services. Other households may be able to afford the services, but may live too far from the electric line or water pipe to have a choice to be connected to it. Given that the policy options for dealing with demand as opposed to supply-side issues are fairly different, it is important to try to measure the contributions of both types of factors in preventing better coverage of infrastructure services in the population. This paper shows how this can be done empirically using household survey data and provides results on the magnitude of both types of factors in explaining the coverage deficit of piped water and electricity services in urban areas for a large sample of African countries
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Determinants of Repayment Performance in Indian Micro-Credit Groups
    Abstract: Despite their potential importance and ease of modification, impacts of monitoring and loan recovery arrangements on micro-credit groups' repayment performance have rarely been studied. Data on 3,350 expired group loans in 300 Indian villages highlight that regular monitoring and audits, high repayment frequency, consumption smoothing support through rice credit, and having group savings deposited with the lender all significantly increase repayment rates. Estimated magnitudes of their effects vastly exceed those of members' socio-economic characteristics. Significantly lower repayment on loans originating in externally provided grant resources suggests that stringent monitoring will be essential for these to have a sustainable impact
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Rao, Vijayendra Dignity Through Discourse
    Abstract: Employing a view of culture as a communicative phenomenon involving discursive engagement, which is deeply influenced by social and economic inequalities, the authors argue that the struggle to break free of poverty is as much a cultural process as it is political and economic. In this paper, they analyze important examples of discursive spaces - public meetings in Indian village democracies (gram sabhas), where villagers make important decisions about budgetary allocations for village development and the selection of beneficiaries for anti-poverty programs. They examine 290 transcripts of gram sabhas from South India to demonstrate how they create a culture of civic/political engagement among poor people, and how definitions of poverty and beneficiary-selection criteria are understood and interrogated within them. Through this examination, they highlight the process by which gram sabhas facilitate the acquisition of crucial cultural capabilities such as discursive skills and civic agency by poor and disadvantaged groups. They illustrate how the poor and socially marginalized deploy these discursive skills in a resource-scarce and socially stratified environment in making material and non-material demands in their search for dignity. The intersection of poverty, culture, and deliberative democracy is a topic of broad relevance because it sheds light on cultural processes that can be influenced by public action in a manner that helps improve the voice and agency of the poor
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: McKenzie, David Impact Assessments in Finance and Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Until recently rigorous impact evaluations have been rare in the area of finance and private sector development. One reason for this is the perception that many policies and projects in this area lend themselves less to formal evaluations. However, a vanguard of new impact evaluations on areas as diverse as fostering microenterprise growth, microfinance, rainfall insurance, and regulatory reform demonstrates that in many circumstances serious evaluation is possible. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and distil the policy and implementation lessons emerging from these studies, use them to demonstrate the feasibility of impact evaluations in a broader array of topics, and thereby help prompt new impact evaluations for projects going forward
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cull, Robert Does Regulatory Supervision Curtail Microfinance Profitability and Outreach?
    Abstract: Regulation allows microfinance institutions to evolve more fully into banks, particularly for institutions aiming to take deposits. But there are potential trade-offs. Complying with regulation and supervision can be costly. The authors examine the implications for the institutions’ profitability and their outreach to small-scale borrowers and women. The tests draw on a new database that combines high-quality financial data on 245 of the world’s largest microfinance institutions with newly-constructed data on their prudential supervision. Ordinary least squares regressions show that supervision is negatively associated with profitability. Controlling for the non-random assignment of supervision via treatment effects and instrumental variables regressions, the analysis finds that supervision is associated with substantially larger average loan sizes and less lending to women than in ordinary least squares regressions, although it is not significantly associated with profitability. The pattern is consistent with the notion that profit-oriented microfinance institutions absorb the cost of supervision by curtailing outreach to market segments that tend to be more costly per dollar lent. By contrast, microfinance institutions that rely on non-commercial sources of funding (for example, donations), and thus are less profit-oriented, do not adjust loan sizes or lend less to women when supervised, but their profitability is significantly reduced
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Raschky, Paul A Aid, Natural Disasters and the Samaritan's Dilemma
    Abstract: This paper discusses the impact of foreign aid on the recipient country's preparedness against natural disasters. The theoretical model shows that foreign aid can have two opposing effects on a country's level of mitigating activities. In order to test the theoretical propositions, the authors analyze the effect of foreign aid dependence on ex-ante risk-management activity proxied by the death toll from major storms, floods and earthquakes occurring worldwide between 1980 and 2002. They find evidence that the crowding-out effect of foreign aid outweighs the preventive effect in the case of storms, while there is mixed evidence in the case of floods and earthquakes
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gibson, John The Impacts of International Migration On Remaining Household Members
    Abstract: The impacts of international migration on development in the sending countries, and especially the effects on remaining household members, are increasingly studied. However, comparisons of households in developing countries with and without migrants are complicated by a double-selectivity problem: households self-select into migration, and among households involved in migration, some send a subset of members with the rest remaining while other households migrate en masse. The authors address these selectivity issues using the randomization provided by an immigration ballot under the Pacific Access Category of New Zealand’s immigration policy. They survey applicants to the 2002-05 ballots in Tonga and compare outcomes for the remaining household members of emigrants with those for members of similar households that were unsuccessful in the ballots. The immigration laws determine which household members can accompany the principal migrant, providing an instrument to address the second selectivity issue. Using this natural experiment, the authors examine the myriad impacts that migration has on remaining household members, focussing on labor supply, income, durable assets, financial service usage, diet, and physical and mental health. The analysis uses multiple hypothesis testing procedures to examine which impacts are robust. The findings indicate that the overall impact on households left behind is largely negative. The findings also reveal evidence that both sources of selectivity matter, leading studies that fail to adequately address them to misrepresent the impact of migration
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Friedman, Jed How Many More Infants Are Likely To Die in Africa As A Result of the Global Financial Crisis?
    Abstract: The human consequences of the current global financial crisis for the developing world are presumed to be severe yet few studies have quantified such impact. The authors estimate the additional number of infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa likely due to the crisis and discuss possible mitigation strategies. They pool birth-level data as reported in female adult retrospective birth histories from all Demographic and Health Surveys collected in sub-Saharan Africa nations. This results in a data set of 639,000 births to 264,000 women in 30 countries. The authors use regression models with flexible controls for temporal trends to assess an infant’s likelihood of death as a function of fluctuations in national income. They then apply this estimated likelihood to expected growth shortfalls as a result of the crisis. At current growth projections, their estimates suggest there will be 30,000 - 50,000 excess infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these additional deaths are likely to be poorer children (born to women in rural areas and lower education levels) and are overwhelmingly female. If the crisis continues to worsen the number of deaths may grow much larger, especially those to girls. Policies that protect the income of poor households and that maintain critical health services during times of economic contraction should be considered. Interventions targeted at female infants and young girls may be particularly beneficial
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Raddatz, Claudio The Wrath of God
    Abstract: The process of global climate change has been associated with an increase in the frequency of climatic disasters. Yet, there is still little systematic evidence on the macroeconomic costs of these episodes. This paper uses panel time-series techniques to estimate the short and long-run impact of climatic and other disasters on a country's GDP. The results indicate that a climate related disaster reduces real GDP per capita by at least 0.6 percent. Therefore, the increased incidence of these disasters during recent decades entails important macroeconomic costs. Among climatic disasters, droughts have the largest average impact, with cumulative losses of 1 percent of GDP per capita. Across groups of countries, small states are more vulnerable than other countries to windstorms, but exhibit a similar response to other types of disasters; and low-income countries responds more strongly to climatic disasters, mainly because of their higher response to droughts. However, a country's level of external debt has no relation to the output impact of any type of disaster. The evidence also indicates that, historically, aid flows have done little to attenuate the output consequences of climatic disasters
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ju, Jiandong Endowment Structures, Industrial Dynamics, and Economic Growth
    Abstract: This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model to explore industrial evolution and economic growth in a closed developing economy. The authors show that industries will endogenously upgrade toward the more capital-intensive ones as the capital endowment becomes more abundant. The model features a continuous inverse-V-shaped pattern of industrial evolution driven by capital accumulation: As the capital endowment reaches a certain threshold, a new industry appears, prospers, then declines and finally disappears. While the industry is declining, a more capital-intensive industry appears and booms, ad infinitum. Explicit solutions are obtained to fully characterize the whole dynamics of perpetual structural change and economic growth. Implications for industrial policies are discussed
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Sturgeon, Timothy J Crisis and Protection in the Automotive Industry
    Abstract: In this paper the authors apply global value chain (GVC) analysis to recent trends in the global automotive industry, with special attention paid to government interventions triggered by the recent economic crisis. The authors first highlight some of the defining characteristics of GVCs in this important industry, especially the unusually strong regional structure of production and sales. National political institutions create pressure for local content, which drives production close to end markets, where it tends to be organized nationally or regionally. They then examine policy reactions to the recent economic crisis, and provide some discussion of the government interventions in the industry. The authors end with a number of policy conclusions that highlight the likely impact of the interventions on the evolution GVCs and the growth of the industry in developing countries
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Helble, Matthias Aid for Trade Facilitation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bastos, Fabiano Exchange Rate and Output Fluctuations in the Small Open Economy of Mauritius
    Abstract: The authors estimate a VAR and compute generalized impulse response to analyze the joint dynamics of four key macroeconomic variables in the small open economy of Mauritius. Results suggest that nominal exchange rate and interest rate have limited ability to impact output growth over the medium-run. Large error bands hinder analysis of the inflation output trade-off, but evidence points to a weak relationship in the short run as well. These findings are used to shed some light into the policy response to the current worldwide economic slowdown affecting Mauritius
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Montalvo, Jose G The Pattern of Growth and Poverty Reduction in China
    Abstract: China has seen a huge reduction in the incidence of extreme poverty since the economic reforms that started in the late 1970s. Yet, the growth process has been highly uneven across sectors and regions. The paper tests whether the pattern of China´s growth mattered to poverty reduction using a new provincial panel data set constructed for this purpose. The econometric tests support the view that the primary sector (mainly agriculture) has been the main driving force in poverty reduction over the period since 1980. It was the sectoral unevenness in the growth process, rather than its geographic unevenness, that handicapped poverty reduction. Yes, China has had great success in reducing poverty through economic growth, but this happened despite the unevenness in its sectoral pattern of growth. The idea of a trade-off between these sectors in terms of overall progress against poverty in China turns out to be a moot point, given how little evidence there is of any poverty impact of non-primary sector growth, controlling for primary-sector growth. While the non-primary sectors were key drivers of aggregate growth, it was the primary sector that did the heavy lifting against poverty
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Neagu, Ileana C Remittance Stability, Cyclicality and Stabilizing Impact in Developing Countries
    Abstract: That remittances are a stable source of external finance seems to have become the received wisdom. In addition, many studies have found remittances to behave counter-cyclically, increasing during crises and times of hardship for the recipient countries. Are remittances reliable macroeconomic stabilizers? To answer this question, the present study examines the stability, cyclicality, and stabilizing impact of remittances in comparison with the same three features for other foreign-exchange inflows, namely foreign direct investment and official development aid. The analysis is performed at the country and regional levels rather than at the aggregate or global level (on which much of the received wisdom rests), because policymakers are concerned with the impact of remittances in their country rather than at the global level. The main findings for 1980-2007 are that in a majority of countries: i) official development aid is more stable than remittances, and remittances are more stable than foreign direct investment; ii) official development aid is counter-cyclical, while remittances are pro-cyclical, although less so than foreign direct investment; and iii) official development aid is stabilizing and remittances are destabilizing, although less so than foreign direct investment. The paper suggests that it is necessary to examine counter-cyclicality separately from the stabilizing impact, as the former does not seem to always imply the latter
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Olaberria, Eduardo Managing East Asia's Macroeconomic Volatility
    Abstract: East Asia has experienced a dramatic decrease in output growth volatility over the past 20 years. This is good news, as output growth volatility affects poor households because of coping strategies that have long-term, harmful consequences, and the overall economy through its negative impact on economic growth. This paper investigates the factors behind this long decline in volatility, and derives lessons about ways to mitigate renewed upward pressure in face of the financial crisis. The authors show that if, on the one hand, high trade openness has sustained economic growth in the past several decades, on the other hand, it has made countries more vulnerable to external fluctuations. Although less frequent terms of trade shocks and more stable growth rates of trading partners have helped to reduce volatility in the past, the same external factors are now putting renewed pressure on volatility. The way forward seems therefore to be to counterbalance the external upward pressure on volatility by improving domestic factors. Elements under domestic control that can help countries deal with high volatility include more accountable institutions, better regulated financial markets, and more stable fiscal and monetary policies
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Coolidge, Jacqueline Tax Compliance Perceptions and Formalization of Small Businesses in South Africa
    Abstract: This paper is based on large-scale surveys of formal and informal small businesses in South Africa, including questions about their experiences and perceptions about tax compliance, tax morale, and related variables. The survey findings suggest that formalization is more likely to take place in urban areas, involving relatively larger firms, and those who already use proper bookkeeping. Informal firms who said they were likely to register for tax in the near future were more likely than other informal firms to report higher satisfaction with government services, and to believe most businesses pay their taxes. The most-cited advantages of being registered for tax included better access to government services, better access to financing, and better opportunities for growth
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cusolito, Ana Competition, Imitation, and Technical Change
    Abstract: Some researchers have documented that the path of development is remarkably related to the pattern of sectoral diversification. Others have highlighted the relation between productive specialization and economic progress. This paper explores the role of product market competition and intellectual property rights protection in the pattern of sectoral diversification. The paper confirms the insight of the innovation literature, that competition induces firms to specialize and upgrade the quality of existing goods. However, it reveals a new force, called the imitation effect, through which competition biases technical change toward product diversification. The paper shows that if knowledge spillovers increase with imitation, or the degree of product substitution is high, weak protection of property rights encourages firms to create low-quality goods, thereby directing technical change toward diversification. The predictions are tested with data on Italian firms' innovation activity. They are found to be consistent with observed behavior
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G Own and Sibling Effects of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs
    Keywords: Bildungsverhalten ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Kambodscha
    Abstract: Conditional cash transfers have been adopted by a large number of countries in the past decade. Although the impacts of these programs have been studied extensively, understanding of the economic mechanisms through which cash and conditions affect household decisions remains incomplete. This paper uses evidence from a program in Cambodia, where eligibility varied substantially among siblings in the same household, to illustrate these effects. A model of schooling decisions highlights three different effects of a child-specific conditional cash transfer: an income effect, a substitution effect, and a displacement effect. The model predicts that such a conditional cash transfer will increase enrollment for eligible children - due to all three effects - but have an ambiguous effect on ineligible siblings. The ambiguity arises from the interaction of a positive income effect with a negative displacement effect. These predictions are shown to be consistent with evidence from Cambodia, where the child-specific program makes modest transfers, conditional on school enrollment for children of middle-school age. Scholarship recipients were more than 20 percentage points more likely to be enrolled in school and 10 percentage points less likely to work for pay. However, the school enrollment and work of ineligible siblings was largely unaffected by the program
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Knack, Stephen Aid and Trust in Country Systems
    Abstract: The 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness sets targets for increased use by donors of recipient country systems for managing aid. A consensus view holds that country systems are strengthened when donors trust recipients to manage aid funds, but undermined when donors manage aid through their own separate parallel systems. This paper provides an analytical framework for understanding donors’ decisions to trust in country systems or instead to micro-manage aid using their own systems and procedures. Where country systems are sufficiently weak, the development impact of aid is reduced by donors’ reliance on them. Trust in country systems will be sub-optimal, however, if donors have multiple objectives in aid provision rather than a sole objective of maximizing development outcomes. Empirical tests are conducted using data from an OECD survey designed to monitor progress toward Paris Declaration goals. Trust in country systems is measured in three ways: use of the recipient’s public financial management systems, use of direct budget support, and use of program-based approaches. The authors show using fixed effects regression that a donor’s trust in recipient country systems is positively related to (1) trustworthiness or quality of those systems, (2) tolerance for risk on the part of the donor’s constituents, as measured by public support for providing aid, and (3) the donor’s ability to internalize more of the benefits of investing in country systems, as measured by the donor’s share of all aid provided to a recipient
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Schwartz, Jordan Z Crisis in Latin America
    Abstract: Infrastructure investment is a central part of the stimulus plans of the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region as it confronts the growing financial crisis. This paper estimates the potential effects on direct, indirect, and induced employment for different types of infrastructure projects with LAC-specific variables. The analysis finds that the direct and indirect short-term employment generation potential of infrastructure capital investment projects may be considerable - averaging around 40,000 annual jobs per US
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Liu, Lili Subnational Credit Ratings
    Abstract: This paper surveys methodological issues in subnational credit ratings and highlights key challenges for developing countries. Subnational borrowing from capital markets has been on the rise owing to fiscal decentralization and demand for infrastructure investments. A prerequisite for accessing capital markets, subnational credit ratings have also emerged as a part of broader reform for fiscal sustainability. They facilitate a more transparent budgetary and financial management system. The global financial crisis makes subnational credit ratings more relevant, as they contribute to fiscal risk evaluations and fiscal adjustment. In addition to subnationals’ own credit strength, the creditworthiness of the sovereign and the intergovernmental fiscal system are among the most critical rating criteria. Implicit and contingent liabilities are integral to the rating process. Indirect debt instruments including off-balance-sheet financing create fiscal risks. The ongoing financial crisis has reinforced the rating focus on the management of liquidity, debt structure, and off-balance-sheet liabilities
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Anas, Alex Lock-In Effects of Road Expansion On CO2 Emissions
    Abstract: In the urban planning literature, it is frequently explicitly asserted or strongly implied that ongoing urban sprawl and decentralization can lead to development patterns that are unsustainable in the long run. One manifestation of such an outcome is that if extensive road investments occur, urban sprawl and decentralization are advanced and locked-in, making subsequent investments in public transit less effective in reducing vehicle kilometers traveled by car, gasoline use and carbon dioxide emissions. Using a simple core-periphery model of Beijing, the authors numerically assess this effect. The analysis confirms that improving the transit travel time in Beijing’s core would reduce the city’s overall carbon dioxide emissions, whereas the opposite would be the case if peripheral road capacity were expanded. This effect is robust to perturbations in the model’s calibrated parameters. In particular, the effect persists for a wide range of assumptions about how location choice depends on travel time and a wide range of assumptions about other aspects of consumer preferences
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Caner, Mehmet When Do Sudden Stops Really Hurt?
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the drivers and consequences of sudden stops of capital flows. It focuses on the impact of external vulnerability on the depth and length of sudden stop crises. The authors analyze 43 developing and developed countries between 1993 and 2006. They find evidence that external vulnerability not only significantly impacts the probability of a sudden stop crisis, but also prolongs the time it takes for growth to revert to its long-term trend once a sudden stop occurs. Interestingly, external vulnerability does not significantly impact the size of the instantaneous output effect in case of a sudden stop but prompts a cumulative output effect through significantly diminishing the speed of adjustment of output to its trend. This finding implies that countries financing a large part of their absorption externally do not suffer more ferocious output losses in a sudden stop crisis, but take longer to adapt afterward and are hence expected to suffer more protracted crises periods. Compared with previous literature, this paper makes three contributions: (i) it extends the country and time coverage relative to datasets that have previously been used to analyze related topics; (ii) it specifically accounts for time-series autocorrelation; and (iii) it provides an analysis of the adjustment path of economic growth after a sudden stop
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Agenor, Pierre-Richard Cyclical Effects of Bank Capital Requirements With Imperfect Credit Markets
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the cyclical effects of bank capital requirements in a simple model with credit market imperfections. Lending rates are set as a premium over the cost of borrowing from the central bank, with the premium itself depending on firms’ effective collateral. Basel I- and Basel II-type regulatory regimes are defined and a capital channel is introduced through a signaling effect of capital buffers on the cost of bank deposits. The macroeconomic effects of various shocks (a drop in output, an increase in the refinance rate, and a rise in the capital adequacy ratio) are analyzed, under both binding and nonbinding capital requirements. Factors affecting the procyclicality of each regime (defined in terms of the behavior of the risk premium) are also identified and policy implications are discussed
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Parry, Ian W.H Pricing Externalities From Passenger Transportation in Mexico City
    Abstract: The Mexico City Metropolitan Area has been suffering severely from transportation externalities such as accidents, air pollution, and traffic congestion. This study examines pricing instruments to reduce these externalities using an analytical and numerical model. The study shows that the optimal levels of a gasoline tax and a congestion toll on automobiles could generate social benefits, measured in terms of welfare gain, of US
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Beegle, Kathleen Demographic and Socioeconomic Patterns of HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Africa
    Abstract: Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic patterns of the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa is crucial for developing programs and policies to combat HIV/AIDS. This paper looks critically at the methods and analytical challenges to study the links between socioeconomic and demographic status and HIV/AIDS. Some of the misconceptions about the HIV/AIDS epidemic are discussed and unusual empirical evidence from the existing body of work is presented. Several important messages emerge from the results. First, the study of the link between socioeconomic status and HIV faces a range of challenges related to definitions, samples, and empirical methods. Second, given the large gaps in evidence and the changing nature of the epidemic, there is a need to continue to improve the evidence base on the link between demographic and socioeconomic status and the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS. Finally, it is difficult to generalize results across countries. As the results presented here and in other studies based on Demographic and Health Survey datasets show, few consistent and significant patterns of prevalence by socioeconomic and demographic status are evident
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin A Comparative Perspective On Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China and India
    Abstract: Brazil, China and India have seen falling poverty in their reform periods, but to varying degrees and for different reasons. History left China with favorable initial conditions for rapid poverty reduction through market-led economic growth; at the outset of the reform process there were ample distortions to remove and relatively low inequality in access to the opportunities so created, though inequality has risen markedly since. By concentrating such opportunities in the hands of the better off, prior inequalities in various dimensions handicapped poverty reduction in both Brazil and India. Brazil's recent success in complementing market-oriented reforms with progressive social policies has helped it achieve more rapid poverty reduction than India, although Brazil has been less successful in terms of economic growth. In the wake of its steep rise in inequality, China might learn from Brazil's success with such policies. India needs to do more to assure that poor people are able to participate in both the country's growth process and its social policies; here there are lessons from both China and Brazil. All three countries have learned how important macroeconomic stability is to poverty reduction
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fomby, Thomas The Growth Aftermath of Natural Disasters
    Abstract: This paper provides a description of the macroeconomic aftermath of natural disasters. It traces the yearly response of gross domestic product growth - both aggregated and disaggregated into its agricultural and non-agricultural components - to four types of natural disasters - droughts, floods, earthquakes, and storms. The paper uses a methodological approach based on pooling the experiences of various countries over time. It consists of vector auto-regressions in the presence of endogenous variables and exogenous shocks (VARX), applied to a panel of cross-country and time-series data. The analysis finds heterogeneous effects on a variety of dimensions. First, the effects of natural disasters are stronger, for better or worse, on developing than on rich countries. Second, while the impact of some natural disasters can be beneficial when they are of moderate intensity, severe disasters never have positive effects. Third, not all natural disasters are alike in terms of the growth response they induce, and, perhaps surprisingly, some can entail benefits regarding economic growth. Thus, droughts have a negative effect on both agricultural and non-agricultural growth. In contrast, floods tend to have a positive effect on economic growth in both major sectors. Earthquakes have a negative effect on agricultural growth but a positive one on non-agricultural growth. Storms tend to have a negative effect on gross domestic product growth but the effect is short-lived and small. Future research should concentrate on exploring the mechanisms behind these heterogeneous impacts
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Irwin, Timothy Implications for Climate-Change Policy of Research On Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
    Abstract: The problem of climate change seems to be a tragedy of the commons: despite the global benefits of reducing green-house gas emissions, no individual has any incentive to reduce his or her own emissions. Yet many people are making efforts to reduce emissions and putting pressure on businesses and governments to do the same. Although the size of these efforts is unclear, their very existence might seem puzzling. The efforts are consistent, however, with some theoretical and empirical evidence about the extent of cooperation in other social dilemmas. This evidence does not imply that greenhouse-gas emissions will be reduced to desirable levels, but it does suggest that the potential for voluntary cooperation should not be ignored. It also suggests that cooperation can be promoted by (i) allowing cooperators to punish defectors without withdrawing their own cooperation; (ii) publicly emphasizing the social benefits and extent of cooperation and the social norms that require it; and (iii) improving the quantity and timeliness of public information about cooperation and defection
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Moura, Mauricio How Land Title Affects Child Labor?
    Abstract: Secure property rights are considered a key determinant of economic development. However, evaluation of the causal effects of land titling is a difficult task. Since 2004, the Brazilian government, through a program called "Papel Passado," has issued titles to more than 85,000 families and has the goal to reach 750,000. Another topic in public policy that is crucial for developing economies is child labor force participation. In Brazil, about 5.4 million children and teenagers between 5 and 17 years old are working full time. This paper examines the direct impact of securing a property title on child labor force participation. In order to isolate the causal role of ownership security, this study uses a comparison between two close and similar communities in the City of Osasco case (a town with 650,000 people in the São Paulo metropolitan area). The key point of this case is that some units participate in the program and others do not. One of them, Jardim Canaã, received land titles in 2007; the other, Jardim DR, given fiscal constraints, will not be part of the program until 2012, and for that reason became the control group. Estimates, generated using the difference-in-difference econometric technique suggest that titling results in a substantial decrease in child labor force participation for the families that received the title compared with the others. These findings are relevant for future policy tools for dealing with informality and how it affects economic growth
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Freund, Caroline The Trade Response To Global Downturns
    Abstract: The author examines the impact of historical global downturns on trade flows. The results provide insight into why trade has dropped so dramatically in the current crisis, what is likely to happen in the coming years, how global imbalances are affected, and which regions and industries suffer most heavily. The author finds that the elasticity of global trade volumes to real world GDP has increased gradually from around 2 in the 1960s to above 3 now. The author also finds that trade is more responsive to GDP during global downturns than in tranquil times. The results suggest that the overall drop in real trade this year is likely to exceed 15 percent. There is significant variation across industries, with food and beverages the least affected and crude materials and fuels the most affected. On the positive side, trade tends to rebound very rapidly when the outlook brightens. The author also finds evidence that global downturns often lead to persistent improvements in the ratio of the trade balance to GDP in borrower countries
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Sharma, Manohar Who Migrates Overseas and Is It Worth Their While?
    Abstract: The paper assesses the costs and household level benefits of migrating overseas from Bangladesh. The authors survey households who have had overseas migrants to assess their characteristics compared to non-migrants. They also compute various types of migration and remittance related transaction costs and discuss the channels by which overseas migration is financed, remittances sent and the constraints faced by the poorest. Using the Propensity Score Matching method, the paper finds that overseas migration conveys substantial benefits to families as measured by household consumption, use of modern agricultural inputs, and level of household savings. The authors also offer some possible policy directions to strengthen the returns from migration as well as reduce some of the costs
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko Global Inequality and the Global Inequality Extraction Ratio
    Abstract: Using social tables, the author makes an estimate of global inequality (inequality among world citizens) in the early 19th century. The analysis shows that the level and composition of global inequality have changed over the past two centuries. The level has increased, reaching a high plateau around the 1950s, and the main determinants of global inequality have become differences in mean country incomes rather than inequalities within nations. The inequality extraction ratio (the percentage of total inequality that was extracted by global elites) has remained surprisingly stable, at around 70 percent of the maximum global Gini, during the past 100 years
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cull, Robert Measuring Household Usage of Financial Services
    Abstract: In recent years, the number of surveys of access to and use of financial services has multiplied, but little is known about whether the data generated are comparable across countries, or within the same country over time. This paper reports results from a randomized experiment in Ghana to test whether the identity of the respondent and the inclusion of product-specific cues in questions affect the reported rates of household usage of financial services. The analysis shows that rates of household usage are almost identical when the head reports on behalf of the household and when the rate is tabulated from a full enumeration of household use. Randomly selected informants (i.e., non-heads of the household) provide a less complete summary of household use of financial services than the other two methods. The findings also show that for credit from formal institutions, informal sources of savings, and insurance, usage rates are higher when questions are asked about specific financial products rather than about the respondent’s dealings with types of financial institutions. In short, who is asked the questions and the form in which they are asked both matter
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy-Toan Agent Orange and the Prevalence of Cancer Among the Vietnamese Population 30 Years After the End of the Vietnam War
    Abstract: During the Vietnam War, more than 70 million liters of military herbicide were sprayed over the combat zone. This study uses self and proxy-reported data on cancer status obtained from a nationally representative health survey of the Vietnamese population (N=158,019), combined with measures of military herbicide exposure computed from detailed information on US and allied wartime military activities. No significant difference in the prevalence of reported cancer is detected between communes with some degree of exposure and those with none. When restricting the analysis to exposed communes and adopting a continuous measure of herbicide exposure, there is evidence of a dose-response relationship; among communes that were exposed, increasing exposure to past military spraying is associated with increasing prevalence of reported cancer in 2001-2002. There is mixed evidence as to whether cohorts born before or after the end of the spraying campaigns are equally affected
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ianchovichina, Elena Implications of the Growth of China and India for the Other Asian Giant
    Abstract: Continuing rapid growth of China and India can be expected to raise incomes in Russia, but also to put adjustment pressure on Russian firms. The impacts of the rapid growth of China and India on the Russian economy are explored by examining a baseline projection using a global general equilibrium model, and then assessing the implications of higher-than-expected growth in China and India. The authors find that a major source of benefits to Russia is likely to be terms-of-trade improvements associated with higher energy prices - a quite different channel of effect from that for many developing countries that benefit primarily through expanded opportunities to trade directly with these emerging giants. Taking into account the likely improvements in the quality and variety of exports from China and India, the gains to Russia increase substantially. The expansion of the energy sector and the contraction of manufacturing and services are a sign of a Dutch disease effect that will increase the importance of policies to encourage adaptation to the changing world environment
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ghani, Ejaz How Will Changes in Globalization Impact Growth in South Asia ?
    Abstract: The current global crisis may change globalization itself, as both developed and developing countries adjust to global imbalances that contributed to the crisis. Will these changes help or hinder economic recovery and growth in South Asia? This is the focus of this paper. The three models of globalization - trade, capital, and economic management - may not be the same in the future. Changes in globalization could change the composition of trade flows, capital flows, and economic management, which in turn, could accelerate or restrain growth. South Asia is somewhat peculiar and different from other regions in how it has globalized, although there is a lot of diversity within the region. Its trade characteristics are different. India's growth has been spearheaded by exports of modern services and less by goods exports. Modern service trade tends to be more resilient compared with goods trade. Globalization of services is still at an early stage. So, as consumers pull back in the United States, service trade is likely to be less impacted compared to goods trade. Trade also contributes to growth through knowledge spillovers, externalities, and learning. The global crisis has not reduced the stock of global knowledge. Changes in capital flows are also not likely to have a big impact on growth in South Asia, as South Asia's investments are largely driven by domestic savings. Its dependence on foreign capital is low. South Asia has attracted capital flows that are less volatile. Remittances, which are more resilient, have been the dominant form of capital inflows, exceeding foreign direct investment and other inflows.This global downturn calls for counter-cyclical economic management. But South Asia has limited room for fiscal stimulus, given high debt-to-gross domestic product ratios. Nevertheless, reduced commodity prices have created some fiscal space that can be used for growth enabling infrastructure and safety nets. As South Asia undergoes structural transformation, the region is well positioned to bounce back with global economic recovery
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lewis, Maureen Governance in Health Care Delivery
    Abstract: The impacts of health care investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and general health outcomes. Missing from the health agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether health systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately; and the priorities of governments are being implemented. This paper suggests that good governance is central to raising performance in health care delivery. Crucial to high performance are standards, information, incentives and accountability. This paper provides a definition of good governance in health and a framework for thinking about governance issues as a way of improving performance in the health sector. Performance indicators that offer the potential for tracking relative health performance are proposed, and provide the context for the discussion of good governance in health service delivery in the areas of budget and resource management, individual provider performance, health facility performance, informal payments, and corruption perceptions. What we do and do not know about effective solutions to advance good governance and performance in health is presented for each area, drawing on existing research and documented experiences
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Baird, Sarah The Short-Term Impacts of A Schooling Conditional Cash Transfer Program On the Sexual Behavior of Young Women
    Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries. Zomba Cash Transfer Program is a randomized, ongoing conditional cash transfer intervention targeting young women in Malawi that provides incentives (in the form of school fees and cash transfers) to current schoolgirls and recent dropouts to stay in or return to school. An average offer of US
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Andersen, Lykke E Social Impacts of Climate Change in Bolivia
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the direct evidence of climate change in Bolivia during the past 60 years, and estimates how these changes have affected life expectancy and consumption levels for each of the 311 municipalities in Bolivia. Contrary to the predictions of most general circulation models, the evidence shows a consistent cooling trend of about 0.2°C per decade over all highland areas, slight and scattered evidence of warming in the lowlands, and no systematic changes in precipitation. The estimations indicate that the 1°C cooling experienced in the already cold highlands over the past five decades likely has reduced consumption possibilities by about 2-3 percent in these areas. Since the much richer population in the lowlands have benefitted slightly from recent climate change, the simulations suggest that recent climate change has contributed to an increase in inequality and poverty in Bolivia. Poor and indigenous peoples in the highlands are among the most severely affected populations. No statistically significant effect on life expectancy was found
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bown, Chad P U.S.-Japan and U.S.-China Trade Conflict
    Abstract: First Japan and more recently China have pursued export-oriented growth strategies. While other Asian countries have done likewise, Japan and China are of particular interest because their economies are so large and the size of the associated bilateral trade imbalances with the United States so conspicuous. In this paper the authors focus on U.S. efforts to restore the reciprocal GATT/WTO market-access bargain in the face of such large imbalances and the significant spillovers to the international trading system. The paper highlights similarities and differences in the two cases. The authors describe U.S. attempts to reduce the bilateral imbalances through targeted trade policies intended to slow growth of U.S. imports from these countries or increase growth of U.S. exports to them. They then examine how these trade policy responses, as well as U.S. efforts to address what were perceived as underlying causes of the imbalances, influenced the evolution of the international trading system. Finally, the authors compare the macroeconomic conditions associated with the bilateral trade imbalances and their implications for the conclusions of the two episodes
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Mattoo, Aaditya Reconciling Climate Change and Trade Policy
    Abstract: There is growing clamor in industrial countries for additional border taxes on imports from countries with lower carbon prices. The authors confirm the findings of other research that unilateral emissions cuts by industrial countries will have minimal carbon leakage effects. However, output and exports of energy-intensive manufactures are projected to decline potentially creating pressure for trade action. A key factor affecting the impact of any border taxes is whether they are based on the carbon content of imports or the carbon content in domestic production. Their quantitative estimates suggest that the former action when applied to all merchandise imports would address competitiveness and environmental concerns in high income countries but with serious consequences for trading partners. For example, China’s manufacturing exports would decline by one-fifth and those of all low and middle income countries by 8 per cent; the corresponding declines in real income would be 3.7 per cent and 2.4 per cent. Border tax adjustment based on the carbon content in domestic production, especially if applied to both imports and exports, would broadly address the competitiveness concerns of producers in high income countries and less seriously damage developing country trade
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kousky, Carolyn Responding To Threats of Climate Change Mega-Catastrophes
    Abstract: There is a low but uncertain probability that climate change could trigger "mega-catastrophes," severe and at least partly irreversible adverse effects across broad regions. This paper first discusses the state of current knowledge and the defining characteristics of potential climate change mega-catastrophes. While some of these characteristics present difficulties for using standard rational choice methods to evaluate response options, there is still a need to balance the benefits and costs of different possible responses with appropriate attention to the uncertainties. To that end, the authors present a qualitative analysis of three options for mitigating the risk of climate mega-catastrophes - drastic abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, development and implementation of geoengineering, and large-scale ex ante adaptation - against the criteria of efficacy, cost, robustness, and flexibility. They discuss the composition of a sound portfolio of initial investments in reducing the risk of climate change mega-catastrophes
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bourguignon, Francois Privatization in Development
    Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the main theories of state versus private ownership and empirical evidence on the impact of privatization in developing countries (including transition economies). The paper draws some lessons for policy and offers some suggestions on how to assess privatization, at least in countries where there is still scope for it. The paper suggests that although understanding of the efficiency gains of privatization has increased significantly in recent years, there is an important area about which little is known: the distributional effects of privatization. Whether arguing from the standpoint of welfare economics or political economy, distributional effects are critical to the outcome, or the perceived outcome, of privatization. Thus, there is a need to fully evaluate the ex ante and ex post impacts of privatization, the most effective types of regulation and ownership regimes, and the way in which losers, when there are any, can be compensated. This is a need that must be met by academics and development agencies, including the World Bank and regional development banks
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Conclude Doha
    Abstract: The Doha Round must be concluded not because it will produce dramatic liberalization but because it will create greater security of market access. Its conclusion would strengthen, symbolically and substantively, the WTO’s valuable role in restraining protectionism in the current downturn. What is on the table would constrain the scope for tariff protection in all goods, ban agricultural export subsidies in the industrial countries and sharply reduce the scope for distorting domestic support - by 70 per cent in the EU and 60 per cent in the US. Average farm tariffs that exporters face would fall to 12 per cent (from 14.5 per cent) and the tariffs on exports of manufactures to less than 2.5 per cent (from about 3 per cent). There are also environmental benefits to be captured, in particular disciplining the use of subsidies that encourage over-fishing and lowering tariffs on technologies that can help mitigate global warming. An agreement to facilitate trade by cutting red tape will further expand trade opportunities. Greater market access for the least-developed countries will result from the "duty free and quota free" proposal and their ability to take advantage of new opportunities will be enhanced by the Doha-related "aid for trade" initiative. Finally, concluding Doha would create space for multilateral cooperation on critical policy matters that lie outside the Doha Agenda, most urgently the trade policy implications of climate change mitigation
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ellingsen, Tore Trade Finance in A Liquidity Crisis
    Abstract: The paper discusses the reasons for supporting international trade finance during a liquidity crisis. Targeted interventions are justified when prices are rigid and sellers insist on immediate payment due to fears of strategic default. In this case, buyers who reject the seller's offer fail to internalize the seller's benefit from additional liquidity. A general infusion of credit will not facilitate the beneficial transaction, but an infusion targeted at the buyer's bank's trade finance supply will do so. Since there is a need for interventions in one country to benefit actors in another, international coordination is called for
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Das Gupta, Monica How Might India's Public Health Systems Be Strengthened ?
    Abstract: The central government’s policies, though well-intentioned, have inadvertently de-emphasized environmental health and other preventive public health services in India since the 1950s, when it was decided to amalgamate the medical and public health services and to focus public health services largely on single-issue programs. This paper discusses how successive policy decisions have diminished the Health Ministry’s capacity for stewardship of the nation’s public health. These decisions have introduced policies and fiscal incentives that have inadvertently enabled states to prioritize medical services and single-issue programs over broader public health services, and diminished the capacity of the public health workforce to deliver public health services. Diseases resulting from poor environmental health conditions continue to impose high costs even among the more affluent, and hinder development. There are many approaches to strengthening the public health system, and the authors suggest one that may require relatively little modification of existing structures and systems. They suggest establishing a focal point in the Health Ministry for public health stewardship, and re-vitalizing the states’ public health managerial cadres as well as the grassroots public health workers. The central government could consider linking its fiscal support to states with phased progress in four areas: (1) the enactment of state Public Health Acts; (2) the establishment by states of separate public health directorates; (3) the re-vitalization of grassroots public health workers; and (4) health department engagement in ensuring municipal public health. The central focal point could provide the needed support, oversight, incentives, and sanctions to ensure that states build robust public health systems. These measures can do much to help governments use public funds more effectively for protecting people’s health
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Arena, Marco Pro-Cyclical Fiscal Policy in Brazil
    Abstract: The empirical literature on budget cyclicality has generally focused more on assessing the degree of pro-cyclicality in federal (central government) revenues and expenditures and less on budget cyclicality at the sub-national level in multi-tiered systems. This paper attempts to contribute to the literature on budget cyclicality by examining how sub-national fiscal revenues and expenditures are linked to the business cycle in Brazil, particularly after the introduction of the Fiscal Responsibility Law. It explains the degree of pro-cyclicality across Brazilian states, and assesses whether intergovernmental transfers help to stabilize states’ finances. These issues are addressed using both a time-series and a cross-section dimension at the Brazilian state level for the period 1991-2006. The empirical evidence suggests the existence of a pro-cyclical fiscal policy in Brazil at the state level. However, the introduction of the Fiscal Responsibility Law helped to reduce Brazilian states’ spending-side pro-cyclicality. For the Brazilian states, the main source of the observed pro-cyclicality is found in the behavior of tax revenues directly collected by the state governments. Intergovernmental transfers (federal transfers to the states) are not associated with changes in gross state product, but they are pro-cyclically aligned with national gross domestic product, which could amplify the pro-cyclical behavior of sub-national expenditures
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Das Gupta, Monica Family Systems, Political Systems, and Asia's 'Missing Girls'
    Abstract: Son preference is known to be found in certain types of cultures, that is patrilineal cultures. But what explains the fact that China, South Korea, and Northwest India manifest such extreme child sex ratios compared with other patrilineal societies? This paper argues that what makes these societies unique is that their pre-modern political and administrative systems used patrilineages to organize and administer their citizens. The interplay of culture, state, and political processes generated uniquely rigid patriliny and son preference. The paper also argues that the advent of the modern state in these settings has unraveled the underpinnings of the rigid patrilineal rules, and unleashed a variety of forces that reduce son preference. Firstly, the modern state has powerful tools for incorporating and managing its citizenry, rendering patrilineages a threat rather than an asset for the state. Secondly, the modern state has brought in political, social, and legal reforms aimed to challenge traditional social hierarchies, including the age and gender hierarchies of the kinship system. Thirdly, industrialization and urbanization have ushered in new modes of social organization, which reduce the hold of clans and lineages. Studies of the impact of the media suggest that states can accelerate the resultant decline in son preference, through media efforts to help parents perceive that daughters can now be as valuable as sons
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Das, Jishnu U.S. and Them
    Abstract: Using a database of 76,046 empirical economics papers published between 1985 and 2004 in the top 202 economics journals, the authors report two associations. First, per-capita research output on a given country increases with the country's per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Regressions controlling for data availability and quality in the country, indicators of governance and the use of English yield an estimated research-GDP elasticity of 0.37; surprisingly, the United States (US) is not an outlier in the production of empirical research. Second, papers written about the US are far more likely to be published in the top five economics journals, even after the quality of research has been partially controlled for through fixed-effects for the authors' institutional affiliations; the estimates suggest that papers on the US are 2.6 percentage points more likely to be published in the top-five journals. This is a large effect because only 1.5 percent of all papers written about countries other than the US are published in the top-five journals. The authors speculate about the interpretations of these facts, and invite further analysis and additions to the public release of the database that accompanies this paper
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9780821378991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (334 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Abstract: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in a business situation can have a significant effect on the financial results and position of a division or an entire business enterprise. International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide gives private or public sector executives, managers, and financial analysts without a strong background in accounting the tools they need to participate in discussions and decisions on the appropriateness or application of IFRS. Each chapter summarizes an International Financial Reporting Standard, following a consistent structure: Problems addressed by the IFRS Scope of the Standard Key concepts and definitions Accounting treatment Presentation and disclosure Financial analysis and interpretation
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of the Global Development Finance 2009, Volume II: Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9780821371268
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (167 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    Abstract: This book presents selected papers from the ABCDE Meetings, held May 17 -18, 2007 in Bled, Slovenia. Hosted by the World Bank and Government if Slovenia, more than 400 experts from countries around the world met to deliberate the theme: Private Sector and Development. This volume presents papers on financial inclusion, factors that matter the most for business climate, and the provision of public services by non- state actors
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Abou-Ali, Hala Evaluating the Impact of Egyptian Social Fund for Development Programs
    Abstract: The Egyptian Social Fund for Development was established in 1991 with a mandate to reduce poverty. Since its inception, it has disbursed about
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Labonne, Julien The Power of Information
    Abstract: The authors explore the impact of access to information on poor farmers’ consumption. The analysis combines spatially coded data on mobile phone coverage with household panel data on farmers from some of the poorest areas of the Philippines. Both the ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimates indicate that purchasing a mobile phone has a large, positive impact on the household-level growth rate of per capita consumption. Estimates range from 11 to 17 percent, depending on the sample and the specification chosen. The authors perform a range of reliability tests, the results of which all suggest that the instruments are valid. They also present evidence consistent with the argument that easier access to information allows farmers to strike better price deals within their existing trading relationships and to make better choices in terms of where they choose to sell their goods
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Easterly, William The Power of Exports
    Abstract: The authors systematically document remarkably high degrees of concentration in manufacturing exports for a sample of 151 countries over a range of 3,000 products. For every country manufacturing exports are dominated by a few "big hits" which account for most of the export value and where the "hit" includes both finding the right product and finding the right market. Higher export volumes are associated with higher degrees of concentration, after controlling for the number of destinations a country penetrates. This further highlights the importance of big hits. The distribution of exports closely follows a power law, especially in the upper tail. These findings do not support a "picking winners" policy for export development; the power law characterization implies that the chance of picking a winner diminishes exponentially with the degree of success. Moreover, given the size of the economy, developing countries are more exposed to demand shocks than rich ones, which further lowers the benefits from trying to pick winners
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hallward-Driemeier, Mary Creative Destruction and Policy Reforms
    Abstract: How important is firm turnover to national productivity growth? The literature points to the contribution of creative destruction being strongest in more developed countries or where market institutions are strongest. This paper looks at the case of Morocco, spanning 16 years, during which reform initiatives aiming to strengthen market forces were introduced. The paper argues that it is important to take into account i) the timing of how decompositions are structured (capturing the effects of high growth among young firms as part of the benefit of increased entry) and ii) the additional indirect impacts of firm dynamics on agglomeration externalities and competition. The paper shows there are striking differences in the productivity paths of entering and exiting firms compared with incumbents, and that restricting the time horizon of productivity decompositions to the actual year of entry or exit underestimates the productivity effects of turnover. Although it has been hypothesized that conducting decompositions over longer horizons would increase the positive contribution of net turnover, this is not the case in Morocco as losses from exiting firms rise too. Nor has the net contribution of turnover increased with market reforms; if anything, the contribution has declined over time. But the allocation of resources has improved. Both technical and allocative efficiency have risen since the mid-1990s. The paper also shows that firm turnover affects productivity through additional channels. It is closely correlated with measures of agglomeration that are associated with higher rates of exit among unproductive firms, and turnover itself is positively associated with subsequent productivity growth of incumbents
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