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  • 2005-2009  (4,169)
  • 1955-1959  (15)
  • Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,  (1,956)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (1,449)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Oxford : Oxford University Press
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Oxford books for BTEC national awards
    DDC: 302.35024658
    Keywords: Organization
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Fairfax, Va. : George Mason Univ. ; 40.2006/07 -
    ISSN: 0022-4529 , 1527-1897
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 40.2006/07 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Journal of social history
    Former Title: Vorg.: Journal of social history
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialgeschichte ; Zeitschrift
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  • 4
    Media Combination
    Media Combination
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Series Statement: Oxford intensive English courses
    DDC: 428.24
    Keywords: English language
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Macmillan | Washington DC [u.a.] : Assoc. | Chicago, Ill. : Univ. of Chicago Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 1.1895/96 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0002-8762 , 1937-5239 , 1937-5239
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1895/96 -
    Additional Information: Beil. American Historical Association Recently published articles
    Additional Information: Index 1895/1945=1944,1 von American Historical Association Annual report of the American Historical Association
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. The American historical review
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Weltgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2751-3181 , 2751-3181 , 2751-319X
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Formationen der Mediennutzung
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Medienkonsum ; Monografische Reihe ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Monografische Reihe ; Medienkonsum ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Zug : Inter Documentation Co. | London : Oxford University Press ; 1.1968 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1968 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Milton Keynes : open University ; 1.1995 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1995 -
    DDC: 910
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wien : LIT | Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2004 -
    ISSN: 2702-9387
    Language: German , English
    Additional Material: CD-ROMs als Beil.
    Dates of Publication: 1.2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Habitat - international
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Arnold | [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Sage | Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 1.1984 -
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    ISSN: 1477-089X , 0266-3554 , 0266-3554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als German history
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Deutschland ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 01. Februar 2017
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Fairfax, Va. : George Mason Univ. ; 40.2006/07 -
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    ISSN: 0022-4529 , 1527-1897
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 40.2006/07 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Journal of social history
    Former Title: Vorg. Journal of social history
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialgeschichte
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | New York, NY [u.a.] : Macmillan | Washington DC [u.a.] : Assoc. | Chicago, Ill. : Univ. of Chicago Press ; 1.1895/96 -
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    ISSN: 0002-8762 , 1937-5239 , 1937-5239
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1895/96 -
    Additional Information: Beil. American Historical Association Recently published articles
    Additional Information: Index 1895/1945=1944,1 von American Historical Association Annual report of the American Historical Association Washington, DC : Smithsonian Inst. Press, 1889 0065-8561
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The American historical review
    DDC: 050
    RVK:
    Keywords: History Periodicals ; United States Periodicals History ; Zeitschrift ; Weltgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Geschichte ; Amerika ; Geschichte
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783837610758
    Language: German
    Pages: 225 mm x 148 mm, 321 gr.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Medientheorie
    DDC: 780
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    Keywords: Indien ; Musik ; Kultur ; Europa ; Indien ; Musik ; Rezeption ; Europa ; Indien ; Musik ; Europa ; Interkulturelle Kompetenz ; Indien ; Musikerziehung ; Lehrer ; Schüler ; Tradition
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks in religion and theology
    Keywords: Cults ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Neue Religion
    Note: Band 2 herausgegeben von James R. Lewis und Inga B. Tøllefsen , Teilweise mit dem Gesamttitel Oxford handbooks in religion and theology erschienen
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Longmans, Green and Co. | Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 1.1886 -
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    ISSN: 1477-4534 , 0013-8266 , 0013-8266
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1886 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The English historical review
    Former Title: The english historical review online
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Großbritannien ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 01.04.13
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Bloomington, Ind. : OAH ; 51.1964/65 -
    ISSN: 1945-2314 , 0021-8723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 51.1964/65 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The journal of American history
    Former Title: Vorg.: Mississippi Valley historical review
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; USA ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; USA ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 19.02.2021
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Pittsburgh, Pa. : Carnegie Mellon Univ. Press ; 1.1967/68 -
    ISSN: 1527-1897 , 0022-4529 , 0022-4529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967/68 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. 1.1967/68 - 39.2005/06 Journal of social history
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. ab 40.2006/07 Journal of social history, societies & cultures
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sozialgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sozialgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 19.03.15
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Baden-Baden : Nomos, Ed. Sigma | Berlin : Ed. Sigma | Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.1997 -
    ISSN: 2702-9255 , 2702-9263
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1997 -
    Additional Information: 26=[1]; 66=2 von Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut WSI-Frauendatenreport Berlin : Ed. Sigma, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hans-Böckler-Stiftung Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript | Wilhelmshaven : Noetzel | Münster : LIT | Leipzig : Henschel ; 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    ISSN: 0940-1008
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    Additional Information: Vorg. u. 10.2000 - 12.2002 Tanzforschung Münster : Lit-Verl., 1991 0940-1008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jahrbuch Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch ... der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    DDC: 792.805
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Tanz ; Tanz ; Forschung
    Note: Ab 13.2003 als Schriftenreihe; ersch. unregelmäßig; 31.2021 nicht erschienen
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 1.1994 -
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    ISSN: 1468-2893 , 1072-4745 , 1072-4745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1994 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social politics
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Fairfax, Va. : George Mason Univ. ; 40.2006/07 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0022-4529 , ISSN 1527-1897
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 40.2006/07 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Journal of social history
    Former Title: Vorg. Journal of social history
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialgeschichte
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript | Essen : Klartext-Verl. ; 1.1993 -
    ISSN: 2702-9085 , 2702-9093
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edition Umbruch
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Kulturpolitik
    Note: Teilw. hrsg. von der Kulturpolitschen Gesellschaft, Bonn , Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press | Guildford : Butterworth | Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Oxford : Blackwell | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell ; 10.1931 -
    ISSN: 0020-5850 , 1468-2346 , 1468-2346
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Dates of Publication: 10.1931 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International affairs
    Former Title: Vorg. Royal Institute of International Affairs Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs
    Former Title: International affairs review supplement
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Welt ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik
    Note: Repr.: Folkestone : Dawson , Beteil. Körp. 10.1931 - 80.2004,4: Royal Institute of International Affairs, London , Ersch. zweimonatl., bis 78.2002 vierteljährl.; 79.2003 - 81.2005 5x jährl.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0932-7983 , 2751-3866
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Additional Information: Didaktische Handreichung Friedensgutachten ... didaktisch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Friedensgutachten ...
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace Periodicals ; Security, International Periodicals ; Disarmament Periodicals ; Germany (West) Periodicals Foreign relations ; Zeitschrift ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Weltfriede ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Reihenfolge d. Urh. wechselt , Ersch. jährl. , Index 1987/2006 in: 20 Jahre Friedensgutachten, 2006
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 1.1988 -
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    ISSN: 1471-6925 , 0951-6328 , 0951-6328
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1988 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of refugee studies
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Flüchtling
    Note: Gesehen am 31.01.05
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  • 28
    Book
    Book
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780195699982
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 517 Seiten , Illustrationen, Notenbeispiele
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9783837612646
    Language: German
    Pages: 404 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: Kultur- und Museumsmanagement
    DDC: 304.8074
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    Keywords: Ellis Island Immigration Museum ; Pier 21 Museum ; Immigration Museum ; Multikulturelle Gesellschaft ; Einwanderung ; Ausstellung ; Migration ; Museumskunde ; Migration ; Kulturelle Entwicklung ; Musealisierung ; Geschichtspolitik ; Ausstellung
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 365-401
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9783837611571
    Language: German
    Pages: 111 S.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    Series Statement: X-Texte zu Kultur und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 140.44
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Vita contemplativa
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9780199724710
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.9/37083
    RVK:
    Keywords: Grief in children ; Bereavement in children ; Parenting ; Child rearing ; Attitude to Death Popular Works ; Grief Popular Works ; Bereavement Popular Works ; Death Popular Works ; Child ; Adolescent ; Parenting Popular Works ; Kind ; Familie ; Eltern ; Trauerarbeit ; Trauer ; Kind ; Trauer ; Trauerarbeit ; Eltern ; Familie
    Note: Includes index.
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  • 32
    Book
    Book
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780199547906
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 146 S. , Ill. , 18 cm
    Series Statement: Very short introductions
    DDC: 391
    RVK:
    Keywords: Fashion ; Fashion History ; Clothing trade ; Fashion design ; Mode ; Einführung
    Abstract: From the Publisher: Fashion is a gigantic global industry, generating some three hundred billion dollars in revenue every year, and playing a significant role in the economic, political, cultural and social lives of a vast international audience. Despite this, and perhaps in part because of its prevalence in the media, it is often denigrated as trivial and superficial, as a sign of vanity and narcissism. Written by a highly regarded authority on twentieth-century fashion, this Very Short Introduction offer a wide-ranging and revealing look at fashion that discusses everything from production and design, to couture and retailing, to the wider role of fashion in society. This lively book illuminates the structure of the fashion industry and the range of professionals involved in its creation, and it provides cogent insight into its historical, social and cultural contexts. It also sheds light on how fashion has developed, while raising questions about its ethical and controversial aspects, such as the use of fur, exploitative trading, and poor working conditions for laborers.--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9780199561650 , 0199561656
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: XII, 256 S., zahlr. Ill.
    DDC: 577.09953
    Keywords: Erlebnisbericht
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9780199269051 , 019926905X
    Language: English
    Pages: 251 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Repr.
    DDC: 303.4833
    Keywords: Technological innovations ; Internet
    Note: Includes index. - Bibliography. - Originally published: 2002
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191721649 , 0191721646
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 306.4'2
    Keywords: Learning and scholarship Cross-cultural studies ; Universities and colleges Curricula ; Cross-cultural studies ; Elite (Social sciences) Attitudes ; Cross-cultural studies
    Abstract: We tend to assume that our map of the intellectual disciplines is valid cross-culturally. Lloyd challenges this in relation to eight main areas of human endeavour, namely philosophy, mathematics, history, medicine, art, law, religion, and science, by examining how the disciplines were conceived and developed.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9780195310238 , 9780195310245
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 425 Seiten , Illustrationen
    DDC: 781.6609046
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 〈1955-1969〉 ; Rock music Analysis, appreciation ; Instrumentation ; Rockmusik ; Komposition ; Musikalische Analyse ; Rockmusik ; Komposition ; Geschichte 〈1955-1969〉 ; Rockmusik ; Instrumentation ; Geschichte 〈1955-1969〉 ; Rockmusik ; Musikalische Analyse
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9780199567874 , 9780191721649 (Sekundärausgabe) , 0191721646 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: 224 p. , Ill.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191721649
    Edition: ISBN 0191721646
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 306.4'2
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    Keywords: Wissenschaft ; Interdisziplinarität ; Kulturvergleich ; Interdisziplinäre Forschung ; Spezialisierung ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: We tend to assume that our map of the intellectual disciplines is valid cross-culturally. Lloyd challenges this in relation to eight main areas of human endeavour, namely philosophy, mathematics, history, medicine, art, law, religion, and science, by examining how the disciplines were conceived and developed.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9783839409893
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Literalität und Liminalität Band 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.01
    Keywords: Culture ; Philosophy ; Consumption (Economics) ; Social aspects ; Electronic books
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  • 39
    ISBN: 0199700885 , 9780199700882
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 342 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.6/60973
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    Keywords: 1900 - 1999 ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Geschichte 1898-2008 ; Politics and war ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Peace ; Diplomatic relations ; Patriotism ; Politics and war ; Propaganda, American ; Diplomatische Beziehungen ; Geschichte ; Politics and war History 20th century ; Patriotism History 20th century ; Propaganda, American History 20th century ; Psychologische Kriegführung ; USA ; USA ; USA ; Psychologische Kriegführung ; Geschichte 1898-2008
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , The "divine mission": war in the Philippines -- Crusade for democracy: over there in the great war -- The good war: fighting for a better life in World War II -- War in Korea: "the front line in the struggle between freedom and tyranny" -- Why Vietnam: more questions than answers -- Operation Iraqi Freedom: war and infoganda , Introduction 1. The "Divine Mission": War in the Philippines 2. Crusade for Democracy: Over There in the Great War 3. The Good War: Fighting for a Better Life in World War II 4. War in Korea: "The Front Line in the Struggle between Freedom and Tyranny" 5. Why Vietnam? More Questions Than Answers 6. Operation Iraqi Freedom: War and Infoganda Conclusion
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9780195175813 , 0195175816 , 9780195395945 , 0195395948
    Language: English
    Pages: 360 pages , illustrations , 25 cm
    DDC: 780.95694/09049
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    Keywords: Music History and criticism ; Palestinian Arabs Music ; History and criticism ; Music Social aspects ; Israel ; Musik ; Palästinenser ; Geschichte 1990-2008
    Description / Table of Contents: Setting the stage. First encounters -- Arab musicians in Israel and the West Bank -- Israeli musical life -- Musicians, bands, networks. Alei Hazayit -- Bustan Abraham -- Two bands, two interactive musical networks -- Yair Dalal -- A larger network : the ethnic music scene in Israel -- New forms of musical expression. Musical mixtures : fusion of styles and styles of fusion -- Bustan Abraham's approaches to composition and improvisation -- Roots and routes. Representations of place and time -- Roots in the past, routes to the future.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-342), discographies, and index
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9783837612776
    Language: German
    Pages: 374 S. , graph. Darst.
    DDC: 306.461
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    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Arbeitsfähigkeit ; Politische Rede ; Diskursanalyse ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 42
    ISBN: 0191721646 , 9780191721649
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.4'2
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Learning and scholarship / Cross-cultural studies ; Universities and colleges / Curricula / Cross-cultural studies ; Elite (Social sciences) / Attitudes / Cross-cultural studies ; Interdisziplinarität ; Interdisziplinäre Forschung ; Spezialisierung ; Wissenschaft ; Kulturvergleich ; Bildungspolitik ; Wissenschaft ; Spezialisierung ; Interdisziplinäre Forschung ; Bildungspolitik ; Wissenschaft ; Interdisziplinarität ; Geschichte ; Wissenschaft ; Interdisziplinarität ; Kulturvergleich
    Note: We tend to assume that our map of the intellectual disciplines is valid cross-culturally. Lloyd challenges this in relation to eight main areas of human endeavour, namely philosophy, mathematics, history, medicine, art, law, religion, and science, by examining how the disciplines were conceived and developed , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 43
    ISBN: 0199710015 , 9780199710010
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 334 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.3/76094409033
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    Keywords: Revolution (France : 1789-1799) ; 1700 - 1799 ; Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Geschichte 1789-1794 ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / General ; Censorship ; Civil rights ; Freedom of speech ; Geschichte ; Freedom of speech History ; Censorship History ; Civil rights History 18th century ; Französische Revolution ; Redefreiheit ; Zensur ; Frankreich ; Französische Revolution ; Redefreiheit ; Zensur ; Geschichte 1789-1794
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-315) and index
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0191552844 , 9780191552847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (x, 388 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Print version Meyer, John W World society
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Social sciences Philosophy ; Sociology ; Globalization ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Sociology ; Globalization ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences ; Sociology ; Globalization ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Sociology ; General ; Social sciences ; Philosophy ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Regional Studies ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Anthropology ; General ; Electronic books
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 373-382) and index. - Print version record
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780199894116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 332 p) , ill
    Parallel Title: Print version
    DDC: 303.60835
    Keywords: Political violence Psychological aspects ; Youth and war Psychological aspects ; Violence Psychological aspects ; Youth and violence Psychological aspects ; War Psychological aspects
    Abstract: Experts aim to understand and document the intricacies of youth who have been involved in political violence. They argue that the assumption that youth are automatically debilitated by this violence is too simplistic: effective care must include an awareness of motives and beliefs, roles they played in the conflict, relationships, etc
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780199542918 , 9780191715648 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: 272 p.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191715648
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.52209410902
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1272-1422 ; Adel ; Britische Inseln
    Abstract: It is well known that political, economic, and social power in the British Isles in the Middle Ages lay in the hands of a small group of lords. In this book, Rees Davies explores the personalities of these magnates, the nature of their lordship, and the ways in which it was expressed in a diverse and divided region in this period.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780199234844 , 9780191715716 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 301 p.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191715716
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 303.482440509032
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1650-1720 ; Orientalismus ; Orient ; Frankreich
    Abstract: This title presents a history of Oriental studies in 17th century France, revealing the prominence within the intellectual culture of the period that was given to studies of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Chinese texts, as well as writings on Mughal India.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9780199558070 , 9780191721038 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 257 p.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191721038
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 306.85094409032
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1600-1700 ; Familienbetrieb ; Frankreich
    Abstract: In 17th-century France, families were essential in the shaping of capitalism and the process of state formation. Exploring civil lawsuits in French cities, 'Family Business' reveals the part that the management of everyday difficulties, in court and out, played in these wider phenomena.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780199546312 , 9780191720338 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 292 p. , Ill., maps.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191720338
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 303.48243047
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1800-2008 ; Osteuropabild ; Nationalbewusstsein ; Deutschland
    Abstract: Examining the various different expressions of the distinctive German myth of the East, Vejas Liulevicius discusses its importance as a feature of German culture over the last two centuries, which has influenced German attitudes both to Eastern Europe itself and also to Germans' own sense of identity.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9780199540969 , 9780191716249 (Sekundärausgabe) , 0191716243 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 295 p., [8] p. of plates , Ill. (some col.).
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191716249
    Edition: ISBN 0191716243
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: Oxford biology
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Ökosystem ; Umweltbezogenes Management
    Abstract: 'Systemic Management' describes a holistic, objective and universally applicable form of management, providing a framework for addressing environmental challenges such as global warming emergent diseases, deforestation, overpopulation, the extinction crisis, pollution, over-fishing, and habitat destruction.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 51
    ISBN: 3837611558 , 9783837611557
    Language: German
    Pages: 334 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Sozialtheorie
    DDC: 304.2
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    Keywords: Raum ; Begriff ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Diskursanalyse ; Anthropogeografie ; Methode ; Regionalforschung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9780199290420 , 9780191710506 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: ix, 581 p. , Ill.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource ISBN 9780191710506
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 302.13
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    Keywords: Entscheidungstheorie ; Kollektiventscheidung ; Wohlfahrtstheorie ; Rational Choice
    Abstract: This volume provides an overview of issues arising in work on the foundations of decision theory & social choice. The collection will be of value to researchers in economics with interests in utility or welfare, but also to any social scientist or philosopher interested in theories of rationality or group decision-making.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9780821371268
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (167 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    Abstract: This book presents selected papers from the ABCDE Meetings, held May 17 -18, 2007 in Bled, Slovenia. Hosted by the World Bank and Government if Slovenia, more than 400 experts from countries around the world met to deliberate the theme: Private Sector and Development. This volume presents papers on financial inclusion, factors that matter the most for business climate, and the provision of public services by non- state actors
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Determinants of Repayment Performance in Indian Micro-Credit Groups
    Abstract: Despite their potential importance and ease of modification, impacts of monitoring and loan recovery arrangements on micro-credit groups' repayment performance have rarely been studied. Data on 3,350 expired group loans in 300 Indian villages highlight that regular monitoring and audits, high repayment frequency, consumption smoothing support through rice credit, and having group savings deposited with the lender all significantly increase repayment rates. Estimated magnitudes of their effects vastly exceed those of members' socio-economic characteristics. Significantly lower repayment on loans originating in externally provided grant resources suggests that stringent monitoring will be essential for these to have a sustainable impact
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Seker, Murat A Structural Model of Establishment and Industry Evolution
    Abstract: Many recent models have been developed to fit the basic facts on establishment and industry evolution. While these models yield a simple interpretation of the basic features of the data, they are too stylized to confront the micro-level data in a more formal quantitative analysis. In this paper, the author develops a model in which establishments grow by innovating new products. By introducing heterogeneity to a stylized industry evolution model, the analysis succeeds in explaining several features of the data, such as the thick right tail of the size distribution and the relations between age, size, and the hazard rate of exit, which had eluded existing models. In the model, heterogeneity in producer behavior arises through a combination of exogenous efficiency differences and accumulated innovations resulting from past endogenous research and development investments. Integrating these forces allows the model to perform well quantitatively in fitting data on Chilean manufacturers. The counterfactual experiments show how producers respond to research and development subsidies and more competitive market environments
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cull, Robert Does Regulatory Supervision Curtail Microfinance Profitability and Outreach?
    Abstract: Regulation allows microfinance institutions to evolve more fully into banks, particularly for institutions aiming to take deposits. But there are potential trade-offs. Complying with regulation and supervision can be costly. The authors examine the implications for the institutions’ profitability and their outreach to small-scale borrowers and women. The tests draw on a new database that combines high-quality financial data on 245 of the world’s largest microfinance institutions with newly-constructed data on their prudential supervision. Ordinary least squares regressions show that supervision is negatively associated with profitability. Controlling for the non-random assignment of supervision via treatment effects and instrumental variables regressions, the analysis finds that supervision is associated with substantially larger average loan sizes and less lending to women than in ordinary least squares regressions, although it is not significantly associated with profitability. The pattern is consistent with the notion that profit-oriented microfinance institutions absorb the cost of supervision by curtailing outreach to market segments that tend to be more costly per dollar lent. By contrast, microfinance institutions that rely on non-commercial sources of funding (for example, donations), and thus are less profit-oriented, do not adjust loan sizes or lend less to women when supervised, but their profitability is significantly reduced
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Skoufias, Emmanuel Social Networks Among Indigenous Peoples in Mexico
    Abstract: This paper examines the extent to which social networks among indigenous peoples have a significant effect on a variety of human capital investment and economic activities, such as school attendance and work among teenage boys and girls, and migration, welfare participation, employment status, occupation and sector of employment among adult males and females. The analysis uses data from the 10 percent population sample of the 2000 Population and Housing Census of Mexico and an empirical strategy that allows taking into account the role of municipality and language group fixed effects. The authors confirm empirically that social network effects play an important role in the economic decisions of indigenous people, especially in rural areas. The analysis also provides evidence that better access to basic services, such as water and electricity, increases the size and strength of network effects in rural areas
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Brenton, Paul What Explains the Low Survival Rate of Developing Country Export Flows?
    Abstract: Successful export growth and diversification require not only entry into new export products and markets, but also the survival and growth of export flows. This paper uses a detailed, cross-country dataset of product level bilateral export flows to illustrate that exporting is an extremely perilous activity and especially so in low-income countries. The authors find that unobserved individual heterogeneity in product-level export flow data prevails despite controlling for a wide range of observed country and product characteristics. This questions previous studies that have used the Cox proportional hazards model to model export survival. The authors estimate a Prentice-Gloeckler model, amended with a gamma mixture distribution summarizing unobserved individual heterogeneity. The empirical results confirm the significance of a range of products as well as country-specific factors in determining the survival of export flows. From a policy perspective, an interesting finding is the importance of learning-by-doing for export survival: experience with exporting the same product to other markets or different products to the same market are found to strongly increase the chance of export survival. A better understanding of such learning effects could substantially improve the effectiveness of export promotion strategies
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gibson, John The Impacts of International Migration On Remaining Household Members
    Abstract: The impacts of international migration on development in the sending countries, and especially the effects on remaining household members, are increasingly studied. However, comparisons of households in developing countries with and without migrants are complicated by a double-selectivity problem: households self-select into migration, and among households involved in migration, some send a subset of members with the rest remaining while other households migrate en masse. The authors address these selectivity issues using the randomization provided by an immigration ballot under the Pacific Access Category of New Zealand’s immigration policy. They survey applicants to the 2002-05 ballots in Tonga and compare outcomes for the remaining household members of emigrants with those for members of similar households that were unsuccessful in the ballots. The immigration laws determine which household members can accompany the principal migrant, providing an instrument to address the second selectivity issue. Using this natural experiment, the authors examine the myriad impacts that migration has on remaining household members, focussing on labor supply, income, durable assets, financial service usage, diet, and physical and mental health. The analysis uses multiple hypothesis testing procedures to examine which impacts are robust. The findings indicate that the overall impact on households left behind is largely negative. The findings also reveal evidence that both sources of selectivity matter, leading studies that fail to adequately address them to misrepresent the impact of migration
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Calvo-Pardo, Hector The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement
    Abstract: Using detailed data on trade and tariffs from 1992-2007, the authors examine how the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement has affected trade with nonmembers and external tariffs facing nonmembers. First, the paper examines the effect of preferential and external tariff reduction on import growth from ASEAN insiders and outsiders across HS 6-digit industries. The analysis finds no evidence that preferential liberalization has led to lower import growth from nonmembers. Second, it examines the relationship between preferential tariff reduction and MFN tariff reduction. The analysis finds that preferential liberalization tends to precede external tariff liberalization. To examine whether this tariff complementarity is a result of simultaneous decision making, the authors use the scheduled future preferential tariff reductions (agreed to in 1992) as instruments for actual preferential tariff changes after the Asia crisis. The results remain unchanged, suggesting that there is a causal relationship between preferential and MFN tariff reduction. The findings also indicate that external liberalization was relatively sharper in the products where preferences are likely to be most damaging, proving further support for a causal effect. Overall, the results imply that the ASEAN agreement has been a force for broader liberalization
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yusuf, Shahid Can Malaysia Escape the Middle-Income Trap?
    Abstract: How can Penang upgrade and diversify its economy? This paper addresses this question using a number of methodologies that have been developed for assessing competitiveness and identifying the direction of future industrial evolution. The results show that although Penang was successful in attracting foreign direct investment to the electronics industry, this has not translated into a deepening of industrial capabilities or the nurturing of innovation capacity in Penang. No large Malaysian firms in Penang have taken the lead in innovation and there is little new entry by local firms, despite incentives provided by local and national governments are generous. Universiti Sains Malaysia, the principal university in Penang, is contributing through provision of skills, and it is beginning to multiply university industry linkages. However, the university’s research activities are too limited and too diffuse to significantly initiate innovation by local industry. Under the current circumstances, and given its relatively small size, Penang will have to try much harder to strengthen its competitive advantage in its most important industry -electronics- through actions that build research capital. It will also have to increase its efforts to develop the potential of other value-adding activities, such as medical services and tourism. A strategy focused on localization economies is likely to be the most feasible option
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Why Don't We See Poverty Convergence?
    Abstract: We are not seeing faster progress against poverty amongst the poorest developing countries. Yet this is implied by widely accepted "stylized facts" about the development process. The paper tries to explain what is missing from those stylized facts. Consistently with models of economic growth incorporating borrowing constraints, the analysis of a new data set for 100 developing countries reveals an adverse effect on consumption growth of high initial poverty incidence at a given initial mean. A high incidence of poverty also entails a lower subsequent rate of progress against poverty at any given growth rate (and poor countries tend to experience less steep increases in poverty during recessions). Thus, for many poor countries, the growth advantage of starting out with a low mean ("conditional convergence") is lost due to their high poverty rates. The size of the middle class - measured by developing-country, not Western, standards - appears to be an important channel linking current poverty to subsequent growth and poverty reduction. However, high current inequality is only a handicap if it entails a high incidence of poverty relative to mean consumption
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gamberoni, Elisa Aid for Trade
    Abstract: This paper is designed to help both the beneficiary governments and donors of aid-for-trade identify countries that are under-performing in trade and which are receiving less aid for trade than their global performance might otherwise suggest is necessary. The authors develop ten measures of trade performance and capacity (including trade-related infrastructure, institutions, and incentives) to assess potential demand, and then look at country allocations of aid for trade to see which are receiving below-average amounts in the supply of aid for trade - relative to their potential demand. As they design national development strategies, countries may wish to consider giving greater attention to trade and requesting that donors allocate more aid for trade. As part of the analysis, the paper provides a conceptual framework for selecting indicators of trade performance and its policy determinants that the World Trade Organization and its partners might monitor closely as part of the aid for trade initiative
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Abou-Ali, Hala Evaluating the Impact of Egyptian Social Fund for Development Programs
    Abstract: The Egyptian Social Fund for Development was established in 1991 with a mandate to reduce poverty. Since its inception, it has disbursed about
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Dethier, Jean-Jacques World Bank Policy Research
    Abstract: The World Bank is a leading intellectual institution on development. It is a world leader in analytical studies in areas including poverty measurement, delivery of social services, impact evaluation, measurement of development outcomes, international trade and migration. It is also a leader in development data, including the Living Standard Measurement Surveys; the enterprise surveys, and the International Price Comparison Project. World Bank research is resolutely empirical and policy oriented. By both learning from past policies and operations and thinking critically about future policies, research plays a critical role in the formulation of policy advice to developing countries. This paper reviews the intellectual and institutional forces that have shaped research at the World Bank since the latter started lending to developing countries in the early 1950s. It provides an overview of the shifts in development economics that have influenced Bank research and briefly surveys the changes in research organization, structure and approach. The first section, after a short introduction, examines the shifts in positive and normative views about development during the past half century that have influenced Bank thinking. The Bank itself has been an active participant in the rise and fall of long-lived development dogmas about the nature of development; the most appropriate policies and actions for achieving it; and the respective roles of government and markets. The second section examines how the World Bank has adapted its organization to keep abreast of emerging issues and produce relevant policy research of good quality. On the one hand, the Bank has experienced several reorganizations that have affected the research unit(s) as well as its relationship with operational units. On the other hand, the Bank’s research units themselves have been reorganized at several junctures, leading to new priorities and new means of achieving them
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fomby, Thomas The Growth Aftermath of Natural Disasters
    Abstract: This paper provides a description of the macroeconomic aftermath of natural disasters. It traces the yearly response of gross domestic product growth - both aggregated and disaggregated into its agricultural and non-agricultural components - to four types of natural disasters - droughts, floods, earthquakes, and storms. The paper uses a methodological approach based on pooling the experiences of various countries over time. It consists of vector auto-regressions in the presence of endogenous variables and exogenous shocks (VARX), applied to a panel of cross-country and time-series data. The analysis finds heterogeneous effects on a variety of dimensions. First, the effects of natural disasters are stronger, for better or worse, on developing than on rich countries. Second, while the impact of some natural disasters can be beneficial when they are of moderate intensity, severe disasters never have positive effects. Third, not all natural disasters are alike in terms of the growth response they induce, and, perhaps surprisingly, some can entail benefits regarding economic growth. Thus, droughts have a negative effect on both agricultural and non-agricultural growth. In contrast, floods tend to have a positive effect on economic growth in both major sectors. Earthquakes have a negative effect on agricultural growth but a positive one on non-agricultural growth. Storms tend to have a negative effect on gross domestic product growth but the effect is short-lived and small. Future research should concentrate on exploring the mechanisms behind these heterogeneous impacts
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Blankespoor, Brian Forecasting Local Climate for Policy Analysis
    Abstract: This paper describes an approach to forecasting future climate at the local level using historical weather station and satellite data and future projections of climate data from global climate models (GCMs) that is easily understandable by policymakers and planners. It describes an approach to synthesize the myriad climate projections, often with conflicting messages, into an easily-interpreted set of graphical displays that summarizes the basic implications of the ensemble of available climate models. The method described in the paper can be applied to publicly-available data for any country and for any number of climate models. It does not depend on geographic scale and can be applied at the subnational, national, or regional level. The paper illustrates the results for future climate for Ethiopia using future climate scenarios projects by 8 global climate models. The graphical displays of nine possible future climate regimes (average temperature, precipitation and their seasonal distribution) for each grid-cell about 50km X 50 km). It also provides the probability associated with each of the nine-climate regimes
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Moura, Mauricio How Land Title Affects Child Labor?
    Abstract: Secure property rights are considered a key determinant of economic development. However, evaluation of the causal effects of land titling is a difficult task. Since 2004, the Brazilian government, through a program called "Papel Passado," has issued titles to more than 85,000 families and has the goal to reach 750,000. Another topic in public policy that is crucial for developing economies is child labor force participation. In Brazil, about 5.4 million children and teenagers between 5 and 17 years old are working full time. This paper examines the direct impact of securing a property title on child labor force participation. In order to isolate the causal role of ownership security, this study uses a comparison between two close and similar communities in the City of Osasco case (a town with 650,000 people in the São Paulo metropolitan area). The key point of this case is that some units participate in the program and others do not. One of them, Jardim Canaã, received land titles in 2007; the other, Jardim DR, given fiscal constraints, will not be part of the program until 2012, and for that reason became the control group. Estimates, generated using the difference-in-difference econometric technique suggest that titling results in a substantial decrease in child labor force participation for the families that received the title compared with the others. These findings are relevant for future policy tools for dealing with informality and how it affects economic growth
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Iacovone, Leonardo Banking Crises and Exports
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of banking crises on manufacturing exports exploiting the fact that sectors differ in their needs for external financing. Relying on data from 23 banking crises episodes involving both developed and developing countries during the period 1980-2000 the authors separate the impact of banking crises on export growth from that of other exogenous shocks (i.e. demand shocks). Their findings show that during a crisis the export of sectors more dependent on external finance grow significantly less than other sectors. However, this result holds only for sectors depending more heavily on banking finance as opposed to inter-firm finance. Furthermore, sectors characterized by higher degree of assets tangibility appear to be more resilient in the face of a banking crisis. The effect of the banking crises on exports is robust and additional to external demand shocks. The effect of the latter is independent and additional to that of a banking shock, and is particularly significant for sectors producing durable goods
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Sharma, Manohar Who Migrates Overseas and Is It Worth Their While?
    Abstract: The paper assesses the costs and household level benefits of migrating overseas from Bangladesh. The authors survey households who have had overseas migrants to assess their characteristics compared to non-migrants. They also compute various types of migration and remittance related transaction costs and discuss the channels by which overseas migration is financed, remittances sent and the constraints faced by the poorest. Using the Propensity Score Matching method, the paper finds that overseas migration conveys substantial benefits to families as measured by household consumption, use of modern agricultural inputs, and level of household savings. The authors also offer some possible policy directions to strengthen the returns from migration as well as reduce some of the costs
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Friedman, Jed How Many More Infants Are Likely To Die in Africa As A Result of the Global Financial Crisis?
    Abstract: The human consequences of the current global financial crisis for the developing world are presumed to be severe yet few studies have quantified such impact. The authors estimate the additional number of infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa likely due to the crisis and discuss possible mitigation strategies. They pool birth-level data as reported in female adult retrospective birth histories from all Demographic and Health Surveys collected in sub-Saharan Africa nations. This results in a data set of 639,000 births to 264,000 women in 30 countries. The authors use regression models with flexible controls for temporal trends to assess an infant’s likelihood of death as a function of fluctuations in national income. They then apply this estimated likelihood to expected growth shortfalls as a result of the crisis. At current growth projections, their estimates suggest there will be 30,000 - 50,000 excess infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these additional deaths are likely to be poorer children (born to women in rural areas and lower education levels) and are overwhelmingly female. If the crisis continues to worsen the number of deaths may grow much larger, especially those to girls. Policies that protect the income of poor households and that maintain critical health services during times of economic contraction should be considered. Interventions targeted at female infants and young girls may be particularly beneficial
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Wright, Brian International Grain Reserves and Other Instruments To Address Volatility in Grain Markets
    Abstract: In the long view, recent grain price volatility is not anomalous. Wheat, rice, and maize are highly substitutable in the global market for calories, and when aggregate stocks decline to minimal feasible levels, prices become highly sensitive to small shocks, consistent with storage models. In this decade, stocks have declined due to high income growth and biofuels mandates. Recently, shocks including the Australian drought and biofuels demand boosts due to the oil price spike were exacerbated by a sequence of trade restrictions by key exporters beginning in the thin global rice market in the fall of 2007, which turned market anxiety into panic. To protect vulnerable consumers, countries intervened in storage markets and, if they were exporters, to limit trade access. Recognizing these realities, vulnerable countries are building strategic reserves. The associated expense and negative incentive effects can be controlled if reserves have quantitative targets related to the consumption needs of the most vulnerable, with distribution to the latter only in severe emergencies. More-ambitious plans manipulate world prices via buffer stocks or naked short speculation to keep prices consistent with fundamentals. Past interventions of either kind have been expensive, ineffective, and generally short-lived. Further, there is no significant evidence that prices do not reflect fundamentals, including export market access
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fofack, Hippolyte Potential Gains From Capital Flight Repatriation for Sub-Saharan African Countries
    Abstract: Despite the recent increase in capital flows to Sub-Saharan Africa, the region remains largely marginalized in financial globalization and chronically dependent on official development aid. And with the potential decline in the level of official development assistance in a context of global financial crisis, the need to increase domestic resources mobilization as well as non-debt generating external resources is critical now more than ever before. However, the debate on resource mobilization has overlooked an important untapped source of funds consisting of the massive stocks of private wealth stashed in Western financial centers, a substantial part of which left the region in the form of capital flight. This paper argues that the repatriation of flight capital should take a more prominent place in this debate from a moral standpoint and for clear economic reasons. On the moral side, the argument is that a large proportion of the capital flight legitimately belongs to the Africans and therefore must be restituted to the legitimate claimants. The economic argument is that repatriation of flight capital will propel the sub-continent on a higher sustainable growth path while preserving its financial stability and without mortgaging the welfare of its future generations through external borrowing. The analysis in the paper demonstrates quantitatively that the gains from repatriation are large and dominate the expected benefits from other sources such as debt relief. It is estimated that if only a quarter of the stock of capital flight was repatriated to Sub-Saharan Africa, the region would go from trailing to leading other developing regions in terms of domestic investment, thus initiating a ‘big-push’-led sustainable long-term economic growth. The paper proposes some strategies for inducing capital flight repatriation, but cautions that the success of this program is contingent on strong political will on the part of African and Western governments and effective coordination and cooperation at the global level
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Serletis, Apostolos On Interfuel Substitution
    Abstract: This paper estimates interfuel substitution elasticities in selected developing and industrialized economies at the national and sector levels. In doing so, it employs state-of-the-art techniques in microeconometrics, particularly the locally flexible normalized quadratic functional forms, and provides evidence consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory. The results indicate that the interfuel substitution elasticities are consistently below unity, revealing the limited ability to substitute between major energy commodities (i.e., coal, oil, gas, and electricity). While the study finds some evidences of larger interfuel substitution potential in high-income economies as compared to that in the middle- and low-income economies in the industrial and transportation sectors, no such evidence is observed in the residential and electricity generation sectors or at the national level. The implication is that interfuel substitution depends on the structure of the economy, not the level of economic development. Moreover, a higher change in relative prices is needed to induce switching toward a lower carbon economy
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Brixi, Hana China
    Abstract: The study addresses governance challenges in public service delivery in China. It builds on the citizen scorecard survey conducted in five Chinese cities in 2006 to gauge citizens’ experience with public services, and demonstrates the usefulness of citizens’ feedback for policy development and implementation. The survey found that citizens were generally pleased with urban public services, but worried about the associated fees. Compared with the official urban residents, the urban poor and rural migrants in cities reported sharper utilization constraints, lower readiness to complain or pay informal fees, and a much larger income share spent on public services. The reported citizens’ perceptions sometimes diverged from the evidence and pointed to significant information asymmetries. Explaining the survey results, the study reveals problems of inadequacy, inequality and misaligned incentives in public resource allocation. The study presents several successful experiments reducing the dependence on user fees in basic education and primary healthcare. It recognizes that China has been undertaking comprehensive reforms to enhance equity and quality in public service delivery. Such reforms have included measures to strengthen the regulatory, monitoring, and enforcement systems and accountability relationships. In the context of the ongoing reforms, this study highlights the need to: a) hold the provincial governments accountable for public service delivery performance; b) develop effective mechanisms to align public resources and incentives at each level of government with the national priorities; and c) develop proper means to empower the citizens. In this context, the study affirms that the Chinese government is rightly placing reforms in the intergovernmental, administrative, and public finance systems at the top of its agenda
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hoff, Karla Caste and Punishment
    Abstract: Well-functioning groups enforce social norms that restrain opportunism, but the social structure of a society may encourage or inhibit norm enforcement. This paper studies how the exogenous assignment to different positions in an extreme social hierarchy - the caste system - affects individuals' willingness to punish violations of a cooperation norm. Although the analysis controls for individual wealth, education, and political participation, low-caste individuals exhibit a much lower willingness to punish norm violations that hurt members of their own caste, suggesting a cultural difference across caste status in the concern for members of one’s own community. The lower willingness to punish may inhibit the low caste’s ability to sustain collective action and so may contribute to its economic vulnerability
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cusolito, Ana P Technology Adoption and Factor Proportions in Open Economies
    Abstract: Theories of international trade assume that all countries use similar and exogenous technologies in the production of any good. This paper relaxes this assumption. The marriage of literatures on biased technical change and trade yields a tractable theory, which predicts that differences in factor endowments and intellectual property rights bias technical change toward particular factor intensities, and thus unit factor input requirements can vary across economies. Using data on net exports of a single industry, computers, intellectual property rights and factor endowments for 73 countries during 1980-2000, the paper shows that once technological choices are considered, countries with different factor endowments can become net exporters of the same product
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy-Toan Agent Orange and the Prevalence of Cancer Among the Vietnamese Population 30 Years After the End of the Vietnam War
    Abstract: During the Vietnam War, more than 70 million liters of military herbicide were sprayed over the combat zone. This study uses self and proxy-reported data on cancer status obtained from a nationally representative health survey of the Vietnamese population (N=158,019), combined with measures of military herbicide exposure computed from detailed information on US and allied wartime military activities. No significant difference in the prevalence of reported cancer is detected between communes with some degree of exposure and those with none. When restricting the analysis to exposed communes and adopting a continuous measure of herbicide exposure, there is evidence of a dose-response relationship; among communes that were exposed, increasing exposure to past military spraying is associated with increasing prevalence of reported cancer in 2001-2002. There is mixed evidence as to whether cohorts born before or after the end of the spraying campaigns are equally affected
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Sauvant, Karl P FDI Protectionism Is On the Rise
    Abstract: Over the past two decades or so, countries have liberalized their FDI regulatory frameworks and have put in place an international investment law regime that provides various protections for international investors. In the past few years, however, there are signs that countries are reevaluating their approach toward such investment. As a result, FDI protectionism is on the rise, with screening of inward M&As becoming more frequent. Typically, this is being done under the guise of "national interest" or similar concepts, often linked to strategic sectors and national champions. While the international investment law regime faces a challenge to find the right balance between the rights and responsibilities of governments and investors, care needs to be taken that the rise of FDI protectionism does not endanger a rules-based approach to FDI. An independent FDI Protectionism Observatory to monitor new protectionist measures and name and shame countries that take them is therefore needed
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hallward-Driemeier, Mary Comparing Apples with….Apples
    Abstract: The use of expert or qualitative surveys to rank countries’ business investment conditions is widespread. However, within the economic literature there are concerns about measurement error and endogeneity based on characteristics of the respondents, raising questions about how well the data reflect the underlying reality they are trying to measure. This paper examines these concerns using data from 79,000 firms in 105 countries. The findings show that first, qualitative rankings correlate well with quantitative measures of the business environment, using both quantitative measures from within the survey and from external sources. Second, there are systematic variations in perceptions based on firm characteristics - focusing in particular on size and growth performance. However, it is not that an optimistic view of the business environment is simply the expression of a firm’s own performance. Rather, firm size and performance affect the relative importance of certain constraints, particularly in areas such as finance, time with officials/inspectors, corruption, and access to reliable electricity. The results also show that much of the variation in subjective responses by firm types is largely due to differences in the objective conditions across firm types. There is little evidence that size and performance have non-linear effects in how constraining a given objective condition is reported to be. Overall, concerns about endogeneity remain in using business environment indicators to explain firm performance, but this stems primarily from the fact that who you are and how well you are doing can affect the conditions you face rather than whether the indicator used is qualitative or quantitative
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Montalvo, Jose G The Pattern of Growth and Poverty Reduction in China
    Abstract: China has seen a huge reduction in the incidence of extreme poverty since the economic reforms that started in the late 1970s. Yet, the growth process has been highly uneven across sectors and regions. The paper tests whether the pattern of China´s growth mattered to poverty reduction using a new provincial panel data set constructed for this purpose. The econometric tests support the view that the primary sector (mainly agriculture) has been the main driving force in poverty reduction over the period since 1980. It was the sectoral unevenness in the growth process, rather than its geographic unevenness, that handicapped poverty reduction. Yes, China has had great success in reducing poverty through economic growth, but this happened despite the unevenness in its sectoral pattern of growth. The idea of a trade-off between these sectors in terms of overall progress against poverty in China turns out to be a moot point, given how little evidence there is of any poverty impact of non-primary sector growth, controlling for primary-sector growth. While the non-primary sectors were key drivers of aggregate growth, it was the primary sector that did the heavy lifting against poverty
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Korkeala, Outi Distributional Impact Analysis of Past Climate Variability in Rural Indonesia
    Abstract: In rural Indonesia, around 60 percent of workers engage in agriculture and face regular climatic shocks that may threaten their crop production, household income, and human capital investments. Little is known about households’ ability to maintain consumption in response to these shocks. This paper uses both longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional data to examine the extent to which farm profits and household consumption are reduced by delayed monsoon onset, an important determinant of rice production in Indonesia. It also investigates whether poor households are more vulnerable to delayed onset. Overall, delayed onset has minor effects on rural households’ profit and consumption. For poor households, defined as those with average per capita consumption in the lowest quintile, delayed onset the previous year is associated with a 13 percent decline in per capita consumption. Most of this decline is due to an increase in household size, however, and delayed onset two years ago is positively correlated with consumption. The findings suggest that poor households experience greater volatility but no lasting reduction in consumption following delayed monsoon onset
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Parry, Ian W.H Pricing Externalities From Passenger Transportation in Mexico City
    Abstract: The Mexico City Metropolitan Area has been suffering severely from transportation externalities such as accidents, air pollution, and traffic congestion. This study examines pricing instruments to reduce these externalities using an analytical and numerical model. The study shows that the optimal levels of a gasoline tax and a congestion toll on automobiles could generate social benefits, measured in terms of welfare gain, of US
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin A Comparative Perspective On Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China and India
    Abstract: Brazil, China and India have seen falling poverty in their reform periods, but to varying degrees and for different reasons. History left China with favorable initial conditions for rapid poverty reduction through market-led economic growth; at the outset of the reform process there were ample distortions to remove and relatively low inequality in access to the opportunities so created, though inequality has risen markedly since. By concentrating such opportunities in the hands of the better off, prior inequalities in various dimensions handicapped poverty reduction in both Brazil and India. Brazil's recent success in complementing market-oriented reforms with progressive social policies has helped it achieve more rapid poverty reduction than India, although Brazil has been less successful in terms of economic growth. In the wake of its steep rise in inequality, China might learn from Brazil's success with such policies. India needs to do more to assure that poor people are able to participate in both the country's growth process and its social policies; here there are lessons from both China and Brazil. All three countries have learned how important macroeconomic stability is to poverty reduction
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Easterly, William The Power of Exports
    Abstract: The authors systematically document remarkably high degrees of concentration in manufacturing exports for a sample of 151 countries over a range of 3,000 products. For every country manufacturing exports are dominated by a few "big hits" which account for most of the export value and where the "hit" includes both finding the right product and finding the right market. Higher export volumes are associated with higher degrees of concentration, after controlling for the number of destinations a country penetrates. This further highlights the importance of big hits. The distribution of exports closely follows a power law, especially in the upper tail. These findings do not support a "picking winners" policy for export development; the power law characterization implies that the chance of picking a winner diminishes exponentially with the degree of success. Moreover, given the size of the economy, developing countries are more exposed to demand shocks than rich ones, which further lowers the benefits from trying to pick winners
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Diop, Ndiame The Dynamic Effects of Countercyclical Fiscal Stimulus On Output in Tunisia
    Abstract: With the global financial crisis hitting many countries, policymakers around the world have been weighing different countercyclical policies to support aggregate demand and restore growth. The analysis in this paper estimates a Structural Vector Error Correction model for Tunisia in order to identify the impact of fiscal policy shocks on real output. The authors find that public investment has a small impact on output in the short run but is an important medium-term growth-enhancing countercyclical instrument that has a robust impact on growth. Raising public investment by 1 dinar yields 0.12 dinar the first year, 0.30 dinar the second year, half a dinar the third year, and 1.08 dinars the sixth year. An increase in recurrent expenditure has a smaller but positive and persistent impact on real output. For Tunisia to obtain a larger short-term impact of public spending on output, procurement processes should be made faster and simpler. Finally, the analysis finds a countercyclical pattern of real public investment vis-à-vis real output and a relative rigidity/inelasticity of recurrent expenditures to output fluctuations
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ostrom, Elinor A Polycentric Approach for Coping With Climate Change
    Abstract: This paper proposes an alternative approach to addressing the complex problems of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The author, who won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, argues that single policies adopted only at a global scale are unlikely to generate sufficient trust among citizens and firms so that collective action can take place in a comprehensive and transparent manner that will effectively reduce global warming. Furthermore, simply recommending a single governmental unit to solve global collective action problems is inherently weak because of free-rider problems. For example, the Carbon Development Mechanism (CDM) can be ‘gamed’ in ways that hike up prices of natural resources and in some cases can lead to further natural resource exploitation. Some flaws are also noticeable in the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) program. Both the CDM and REDD are vulnerable to the free-rider problem. As an alternative, the paper proposes a polycentric approach at various levels with active oversight of local, regional, and national stakeholders. Efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions are a classic collective action problem that is best addressed at multiple scales and levels. Given the slowness and conflict involved in achieving a global solution to climate change, recognizing the potential for building a more effective way of reducing green house gas emissions at multiple levels is an important step forward. A polycentric approach has the main advantage of encouraging experimental efforts at multiple levels, leading to the development of methods for assessing the benefits and costs of particular strategies adopted in one type of ecosystem and compared to results obtained in other ecosystems. Building a strong commitment to find ways of reducing individual emissions is an important element for coping with this problem, and having others also take responsibility can be more effectively undertaken in small- to medium-scale governance units that are linked together through information networks and monitoring at all levels. This paper was prepared as a background paper for the 2010 World Development Report on Climate Change
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bown, Chad P U.S.-Japan and U.S.-China Trade Conflict
    Abstract: First Japan and more recently China have pursued export-oriented growth strategies. While other Asian countries have done likewise, Japan and China are of particular interest because their economies are so large and the size of the associated bilateral trade imbalances with the United States so conspicuous. In this paper the authors focus on U.S. efforts to restore the reciprocal GATT/WTO market-access bargain in the face of such large imbalances and the significant spillovers to the international trading system. The paper highlights similarities and differences in the two cases. The authors describe U.S. attempts to reduce the bilateral imbalances through targeted trade policies intended to slow growth of U.S. imports from these countries or increase growth of U.S. exports to them. They then examine how these trade policy responses, as well as U.S. efforts to address what were perceived as underlying causes of the imbalances, influenced the evolution of the international trading system. Finally, the authors compare the macroeconomic conditions associated with the bilateral trade imbalances and their implications for the conclusions of the two episodes
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hallward-Driemeier, Mary Mind the Neighbors
    Abstract: This paper examines the impact of firm productivity and local industrial structure on firm entry and exit in Morocco between 1985 and 2001. There is strong evidence of productivity exerting a market-cleansing role. Less productive firms are found to be more likely to exit - and locations with more productive firms attract higher rates of new firm entry. The effect of productivity operates not only in an absolute sense; a firm’s relative productivity or distance to the local sector frontier matters too. First, large productivity gaps are associated with higher rates of exit, while new firms are attracted to locations with small productivity gaps. Second, local competition increases the probability of exit, although it does not encourage entry. Third, there is evidence of scale or agglomeration effects that increase firm turnover. Fourth, measures of sector diversity are not associated with lower turnover. Fifth, the geographic level at which agglomeration and competition effects are defined matters differently for exit than entry. For exit, the provincial measures are strong, while those for communes are weaker. For entry, it is the local productivity at the commune level that is more significant. This implies that competitive pressures are less geographically constrained while the potential benefits of agglomeration and spill-overs are indeed more local
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Luo, Xubei Disparities in Labor Market Performance in the Philippines
    Abstract: The Philippine economy has been growing rapidly, at an annual growth rate of 5 percent over the past five years. Such decent growth in gross domestic product, however, did not translate into an increase in household income. Wage income declined in real terms. The poverty headcount increased slightly. The fruits of economic growth were not shared equally across the country. Challenges remain to create more jobs to keep pace with the rapidly growing active population. Using the Philippines Labor Force Survey data (2003-2007), this paper reviews the disparities in labor market performance and examines the contribution of regional and individual characteristics. The results show that real wages declined and disparities widened between the National Capital Region and other islands. The youth, less educated, and women face more challenges in finding employment with a decent salary, other things being equal. Disparities in labor market performance are largely associated with the difference in regional structure and human capital endowment. Individual characteristics account for roughly one-third of the difference in wages between the National Capital Region and other regions; regional structures and other unobservable factors account for two-thirds of the difference
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lederman, Daniel Export Promotion Agencies Revisited
    Abstract: The number of national export promotion agencies has tripled over the past two decades. Although more countries made them part of their export strategy, studies criticized their efficacy in developing countries. The agencies were retooled, partly in response to these critiques. This paper studies the impact of today's export promotion agencies and their strategies, based on new survey data covering 103 developing and developed countries. The results suggest that on average they have a statistically significant effect on exports. The identification strategies highlight the importance of EPA services for overcoming foreign trade barriers and solving asymmetric information problems associated with exports of heterogeneous goods. There are also strong diminishing returns, suggesting that as far as export promotion agencies are concerned, small is beautiful
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kousky, Carolyn Responding To Threats of Climate Change Mega-Catastrophes
    Abstract: There is a low but uncertain probability that climate change could trigger "mega-catastrophes," severe and at least partly irreversible adverse effects across broad regions. This paper first discusses the state of current knowledge and the defining characteristics of potential climate change mega-catastrophes. While some of these characteristics present difficulties for using standard rational choice methods to evaluate response options, there is still a need to balance the benefits and costs of different possible responses with appropriate attention to the uncertainties. To that end, the authors present a qualitative analysis of three options for mitigating the risk of climate mega-catastrophes - drastic abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, development and implementation of geoengineering, and large-scale ex ante adaptation - against the criteria of efficacy, cost, robustness, and flexibility. They discuss the composition of a sound portfolio of initial investments in reducing the risk of climate change mega-catastrophes
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bourguignon, Francois Privatization in Development
    Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the main theories of state versus private ownership and empirical evidence on the impact of privatization in developing countries (including transition economies). The paper draws some lessons for policy and offers some suggestions on how to assess privatization, at least in countries where there is still scope for it. The paper suggests that although understanding of the efficiency gains of privatization has increased significantly in recent years, there is an important area about which little is known: the distributional effects of privatization. Whether arguing from the standpoint of welfare economics or political economy, distributional effects are critical to the outcome, or the perceived outcome, of privatization. Thus, there is a need to fully evaluate the ex ante and ex post impacts of privatization, the most effective types of regulation and ownership regimes, and the way in which losers, when there are any, can be compensated. This is a need that must be met by academics and development agencies, including the World Bank and regional development banks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy-Toan Mental Health in the Aftermath of Conflict
    Abstract: The authors survey the recent literature on the mental health effects of conflict. They highlight the methodological challenges faced in this literature, which include the lack of validated mental health scales in a survey context, the difficulties in measuring individual exposure to conflict, and the issues related to making causal inferences from observed correlations. They illustrate how some of these issues can be overcome in a study of mental health in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mental health is measured using a clinically validated scale; conflict exposure is proxied by administrative data on war casualties instead of being self-reported. The analysis suggests that there are no significant differences in overall mental health across areas which are affected by ethnic conflict to a greater or lesser degree
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: McKibbin, Warwick J The Potential Impact of the Global Financial Crisis On World Trade
    Abstract: This paper models the global financial crisis as a combination of shocks to global housing markets and sharp increases in risk premia of firms, households and international investors in a global economic model. The model has six sectors of production and trade in 15 major economies and regions. The paper shows that the shocks observed in financial markets can be used to generate the severe economic contraction in global trade and production experienced in 2009. In particular the distinction between the production and trade of durable and non durable goods plays a key role in explaining the much larger contraction in trade than GDP experienced by most economies. The paper explores the implications of the large increase in fiscal deficits and the implications of a global trade war in response to the financial crisis
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko Four Critiques of the Redistribution Hypothesis
    Abstract: This paper discusses and assesses critiques of the aurhor's reformulation of the median voter hypothesis and its testing. The author rephrases and redefines more correctly the redistribution hypothesis and clarifies its relationship with the median voter hypothesis. He also reviews four types of critiques leveled at his approach
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Comin, Diego Medium-Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries
    Abstract: Empirical evidence - including the current global crisis - suggests that shocks from advanced countries often have a disproportionate effect on developing economies. Can this account for the fact that aggregate fluctuations are larger and more persistent in the latter than in the former economies? And what are the mechanisms at play? This paper addresses these questions using a model of an industrial and a developing economy trading goods and assets, with (i) a product cycle shaping the range of intermediate goods used to produce new capital in each country, and (ii) investment adjustment costs in the developing economy. Innovation by the advanced economy results in new intermediate goods, at first produced at home, and eventually transferred to the developing economy through direct investment. The pace of innovation and technology transfer is driven by profitability. This process of technology diffusion creates a medium-term connection between both economies, over and above the short-term link through trade. Calibration of the model to match Mexico-United States trade and foreign direct investment flows shows that this mechanism can explain why shocks to the United States economy have a larger effect on Mexico than on the United States itself, and hence why Mexico shows higher volatility than the United States; why business cycles in the United States lead to medium-term fluctuations in Mexico; and why consumption is not less volatile than output in Mexico
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kose, M. Ayhan Thresholds in the Process of International Financial Integration
    Keywords: 1975-2004 ; Finanzmarkt ; Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Marktintegration ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Institutionenökonomik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Globalisierung ; Welt
    Abstract: The financial crisis has re-ignited the fierce debate about the merits of financial globalization and its implications for growth, especially for developing countries. The empirical literature has not been able to conclusively establish the presumed growth benefits of financial integration. Indeed, a new literature proposes that the indirect benefits of financial integration may be more important than the traditional financing channel emphasized in previous analyses. A major complication, however, is that there seem to be certain "threshold" levels of financial and institutional development that an economy needs to attain before it can derive the indirect benefits and reduce the risks of financial openness. This paper develops a unified empirical framework for characterizing such threshold conditions. The analysis finds that there are clearly identifiable thresholds in variables such as financial depth and institutional quality - the cost-benefit trade-off from financial openness improves significantly once these threshold conditions are satisfied. The findings also show that the thresholds are lower for foreign direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities compared with those for debt liabilities
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 019533664X , 9780195336641 , 0195336658 , 9780195336658
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 292 p.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 780.9/04
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Geschichte 1960-1970 ; Geschichte ; Musik ; Politik ; Music Political aspects 20th century ; History ; Avant-garde (Music) ; Nineteen sixties ; Musik ; Konferenzschrift 2004 ; Musik ; Geschichte 1960-1970
    Description / Table of Contents: Avant-garde : some introductory notes on the politics of a label / Hubert F. van den Berg -- Ideologies. "Demolish serious culture!" : Henry Flynt and Workers World Party / Benjamin Piekut ; Forms of opposition at the "politiek-demonstratief experimenteel" concert / Robert Adlington ; Aesthetic theories and revolutionary practice : Nikolaus A. Huber and Clytus Gottwald in dissent / Beate Kutschke -- Rethinking the popular. "Music is a universal human right" : Musica Elettronica Viva / Amy C. Beal -- The problem of the political in Steve Reich's Come out / Sumanth Gopinath ; The politics of Presque rien / Eric Drott -- Politicising performance. ONCE and the sixties / Ralf Dietrich ; "Scream against the sky" : Japanese avant-garde music in the sixties / Yayoi Uno Everett -- The challenge of institutionalization. After the October revolution : the jazz avant-garde in New York, 1964-65 / Bernard Gendron ; American cultural diplomacy and the mediation of avant-garde music / Danielle Fosler-Lussier ; From Scriabin to Pink Floyd : the ANS synthesizer and the politics of Soviet music between thaw and stagnation / Peter J. Schmelz
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Environment Department Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Climate change presents a profound challenge to food security and development. Negative impacts from climate change are likely to be greatest in regions that are currently food insecure and may even be significant in those regions that have made large gains in reducing food insecurity over the past half-century. Adaptation in the agricultural sector is being given a high priority within this effort because of the inherent sensitivity of food production to climate and the strong inter-linkages that exist between climate, agriculture, and economic growth and development. The purpose of this report is to review the major effects of climate change on the agricultural sector; to examine the causes of vulnerability; and to suggest a range of potential options and investment opportunities for supporting adaptation efforts and, more generally, for building adaptive capacity. This report primarily focuses on appropriate strategies for adapting to climate change impacts that are projected to occur over the next one to two decades, although several issues covered in this report are important for long-term adaptation needs as well. This report also describes opportunities for linking adaptation and mitigation, and it discusses the importance of mainstreaming adaptation into development
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