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  • 2010-2014  (6,510)
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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (3,434)
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  • Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press  (1,225)
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Year
  • 1
    Language: English
    DDC: 303.48/26701821
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slave-trade Sources History ; Quelle ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Europa ; Amerika ; Geschichte 1441-
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 2
    Language: English
    DDC: 303.48/26701821
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slave-trade Sources History ; Quelle ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Europa ; Amerika ; Geschichte 1441-
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 3
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    DDC: 428
    Keywords: English language
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9780195167795
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0496073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans Encyclopedias History ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1877-1964 ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1964- ; African Americans Biography ; Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; USA ; Schwarze ; Geschichte 1896-2008
    Note: Erschienen: Vol. 1 - 5
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9780195167795
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0496073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans Encyclopedias History ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1877-1964 ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1964- ; African Americans Biography ; Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; USA ; Schwarze ; Geschichte 1896-2008
    Note: Erschienen: Vol. 1 - 5
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  • 6
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 7
    ISBN: 019431491X
    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Note: Titel vom Umschlag
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9780195167795
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0496073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans Encyclopedias History ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1877-1964 ; African Americans Encyclopedias History 1964- ; African Americans Biography ; Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; USA ; Schwarze ; Geschichte 1896-2008
    Note: Erschienen: Vol. 1 - 5
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  • 9
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Series Statement: Oxford English Video
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  • 10
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 11
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 13
    Media Combination
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
    Series Statement: Oxford English video
    DDC: 428
    Keywords: English language Textbooks for foreign speakers
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  • 14
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    ISBN: 9780195334685
    Language: English
    DDC: 303.6/603
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace Encyclopedias ; Peace Encyclopedias Study and teaching ; War Encyclopedias ; War and society Encyclopedias ; Conflict (Psychology) Encyclopedias ; Social conflict Encyclopedias ; Conflict management Encyclopedias ; Peace-building Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; Friede ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 4
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.2011 -
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    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2011 -
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  • 16
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195337709
    Language: English
    DDC: 960.03
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Kultur ; Gesellschaft ; Innenpolitik ; Wirtschaft ; Stamm ; Volk ; Berühmte Persönlichkeit ; Africa Encyclopedias ; Afrika
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  • 17
    ISBN: 0195156005 , 9780195156003
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0468003
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hispanic Americans Encyclopedias ; Hispanos
    Note: Erschienen: Vol.1-4
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  • 18
    ISBN: 0195156005 , 9780195156003
    Language: English
    DDC: 973.0468003
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hispanic Americans Encyclopedias ; Hispanos
    Note: Erschienen: Vol.1-4
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  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195334685
    Language: English
    DDC: 303.6/603
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace Encyclopedias ; Peace Encyclopedias Study and teaching ; War Encyclopedias ; War and society Encyclopedias ; Conflict (Psychology) Encyclopedias ; Social conflict Encyclopedias ; Conflict management Encyclopedias ; Peace-building Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; Friede ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 4
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 21
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Suizid ; Geschichte 500-1500
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  • 22
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Series Statement: Oxford medical publications
    Keywords: Gesellschaft ; Stress ; Krankheit
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  • 23
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    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195170283 , 9780195170290 , 0195170288 , 0195170296
    Language: English
    DDC: 306.74/2/08621
    RVK:
    Keywords: Courtesans History ; Cross-cultural studies ; Höfische Kunst ; Geschichte ; Höfische Kunst ; Geschichte ; Höfling ; Kunst ; Geschichte ; Höfling ; Kunst ; Geschichte
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index; spätere Drucke ohne CD, Audiobeispiele nur mit Link und Zugangscode verfügbar
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  • 24
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0195156773 , 9780195156775
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 cm
    DDC: 305.48896073
    Keywords: African American women Encyclopedias ; Enzyklopädie ; USA ; Schwarze
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    New York, NY : UNICEF | Genf : UNICEF | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; [1.]1980; 2.1981/82 - 3.1982/83(1982); 1984(1983) -
    ISSN: 0251-9100 , 0265-718X , 1564-975X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1980; 2.1981/82 - 3.1982/83(1982); 1984(1983) -
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. 1980 L' état des enfants dans le monde
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. ab 2.1981/82 La situation des enfants dans le monde
    Parallel Title: Dt. Ausg. bis 2008 Zur Situation der Kinder in der Welt
    Parallel Title: Dt. Ausg. ab 2009 UNICEF UNICEF-Report ...
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. The state of the world's children
    DDC: 360
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kinder ; Jugendschutz ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Lebensbedingungen ; Kind ; Kindersterblichkeit ; Dienstleistungsangebot ; Angebot ; Gesundheit ; Bildung ; Erziehung ; Frau ; Industriestaaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Zeitschrift ; Kind ; Soziale Situation
    Note: Bis 2013 ohne Titelzusatz , 2018 nicht erschienen
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  • 26
    Language: English
    DDC: 305.4'2'0924
    Keywords: Schreiner ; Olive ; 1855-1920 ; Biography ; Schreiner ; Olive ; 1855-1920 ; Biography ; Authors, South African ; 19th century ; Biography ; Briefsammlung ; Schreiner, Olive 1855-1920
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  • 27
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0195156773 , 9780195156775
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 cm
    DDC: 305.48896073
    Keywords: African American women Encyclopedias ; Enzyklopädie ; USA ; Schwarze
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 28
    Book
    Book
    Dobbs Ferry, NY : Oceana Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | New York, NY : Oxford Univ. Press | New York : Oceana | [New York u.a.] : Oceana Publ. [u.a.] | London [u.a.] : Oceana Publ.
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Former Title: Commentary on security documents
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Quelle ; Terrorismus ; Terrorismus
    Note: Anfangs von Robert A. Friedlander , Vol. 1 (1979) -
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  • 29
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    RVK:
    Keywords: Armut
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  • 30
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 15.2012 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 15.2012 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Studies in the evolution of language
    DDC: 400
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 31
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.2011 -
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 32
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    ISBN: 9780199265923
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Series Statement: The Berkeley Tanner lectures
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Ethics ; Ethik
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  • 33
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    DDC: 320.09
    Keywords: Political science ; Comparative government ; Regierung ; Geschichte ; Staat ; Politisches System
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Queen Elizabeth House series in development studies
    Series Statement: UNU/WIDER studies in development economics
    DDC: 362.87/526/091724
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Unterernährung ; Flüchtlinge ; Humanitäre Hilfe ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Welt ; Humanitarian assistance ; Political aspects ; Developing countries ; Humanitarian assistance ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries ; War and civilization ; Developing countries ; Food relief ; Developing countries ; Refugees ; Services for ; Developing countries ; International economic relations ; Developing countries ; Katastrophe ; Krieg ; Humanitäre Hilfe
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. Analysis -- v. 2. Case studies
    Note: A study prepared for Queen Elizabeth House, International Development Centre, University of Oxford (QEH) and the World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University (UNU/WIDER) , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 35
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Poland ; History ; Polen ; Geschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 36
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Politische Wissenschaft
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  • 37
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Japan ; Wirtschaft ; Soziale Situation
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  • 38
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 39
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195334685
    Language: English
    DDC: 303.6/603
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace Encyclopedias ; Peace Encyclopedias Study and teaching ; War Encyclopedias ; War and society Encyclopedias ; Conflict (Psychology) Encyclopedias ; Social conflict Encyclopedias ; Conflict management Encyclopedias ; Peace-building Encyclopedias ; Wörterbuch ; Friede ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 4
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  • 40
    ISBN: 0197276105
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Nasser D. Khalili collection of Islamic art 12
    DDC: 681.0917671
    Keywords: Technology and Manufacturing
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  • 41
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 42
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9780199764464
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 cm
    Series Statement: Oxford Islamic world encyclopedia series
    DDC: 297.082/03
    RVK:
    Keywords: Women in Islam Encyclopedias ; Enzyklopädie ; Islam ; Frau
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. Ābīsh Khātūn bint Sa'd II-Mut'ahv -- 2. Names and naming-Ziyārah
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 44
    Media Combination
    Media Combination
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Language: English
    Pages: Medienkombination
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  • 45
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Milford | London : Cumberlege | London : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1903/04 -
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    ISSN: 0068-1202
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1903/04 -
    Additional Information: 71=1985 von The Raleigh lecture on history London : Cumberlege [u.a.], 1923
    Additional Information: 76=1990; 80=1991; 82=1992; 84=1993; 87=1994; 90=1995; 94=1996; 97=1997; 101=1998; 105=1999; 111=2000 von British Academy Lectures and memoirs / British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 1991 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 79=3 von Royal Irish Academy Joint meeting of the Royal Irish Academy and the British Academy Oxford [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1992
    Additional Information: 115=1; 120=2; 124=3; 130=4; 138=5; 150=6; 153=7; 161=8; 166=9; 172=10 von British Academy Biographical memoirs of fellows of the British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 117=2001; 121=2002; 125=2003; 131=2004; 139=2005; 151=2006; 154=2007; 162=2008; 167=2009; 181=2010/11 von British Academy Lectures Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als British Academy Annual Shakespeare lecture of the British Academy London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1911 0267-1042
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Sir John Rhŷs memorial lecture London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1925
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy
    DDC: 080
    RVK:
    Keywords: British Academy ; British Academy ; Monografische Reihe ; Bibliografie ; British Academy ; Schrifttum ; British Academy ; Veröffentlichung ; British Academy ; Schrifttum
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Ab 76.1990 als Serie
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  • 46
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    London : Arcadian Library | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.2004 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2004 -
    DDC: 020
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Arcadian Library
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  • 47
    ISBN: 0198293380
    Language: English
    DDC: 332.6/09172/4
    Keywords: Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Developing countries ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Africa ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Asia ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Latin America ; Commodity control ; Developing countries ; Commodity control ; Africa ; Commodity control ; Asia ; Commodity control ; Latin America ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Handelspolitik ; Wirtschaftskrise
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  • 48
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford : BIOS Scientific Publ. | New York, NY : Taylor & Francis | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0957-0365
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 49
    Language: English
    DDC: 320.94/09/049
    Keywords: Europe ; Politics and government ; 1945- ; Political participation ; Europe ; Public opinion ; Europe ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; Politische Beteiligung ; Europa ; Politisches System
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  • 50
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Nijhoff ; 1.1990(1991/92) -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990(1991/92) -
    Additional Information: 1,1=1 - 8,2=16 von "CCEL"
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The collected courses of the Academy of European Law
    Former Title: Collected courses of the Academy of European Law
    DDC: 340
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Sonstige Körperschaft früher: European University Institute , Inhaltl. Gliederung teils in Book 1: European community law; Book 2: The protection of human rights in Europe
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1986 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 1476-7937 , 8756-6583 , 8756-6583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1986 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Holocaust and genocide studies
    Keywords: Völkermord ; Politik ; Judenvernichtung ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 13.02.2017
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  • 52
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 53
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Milford | London : Cumberlege | London : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1903/04 -
    ISSN: 0068-1202
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1903/04 -
    Additional Information: 71=1985 von The Raleigh lecture on history London : Cumberlege [u.a.], 1923
    Additional Information: 76=1990; 80=1991; 82=1992; 84=1993; 87=1994; 90=1995; 94=1996; 97=1997; 101=1998; 105=1999; 111=2000 von British Academy Lectures and memoirs / British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 1991 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 79=3 von Royal Irish Academy Joint meeting of the Royal Irish Academy and the British Academy Oxford [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1992
    Additional Information: 115=1; 120=2; 124=3; 130=4; 138=5; 150=6; 153=7; 161=8; 166=9; 172=10 von British Academy Biographical memoirs of fellows of the British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 117=2001; 121=2002; 125=2003; 131=2004; 139=2005; 151=2006; 154=2007; 162=2008; 167=2009; 181=2010/11 von British Academy Lectures Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als British Academy Annual Shakespeare lecture of the British Academy London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1911 0267-1042
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Sir John Rhŷs memorial lecture London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1925
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy
    DDC: 080
    RVK:
    Keywords: British Academy ; British Academy ; Monografische Reihe ; Bibliografie ; British Academy ; Schrifttum ; British Academy ; Veröffentlichung ; British Academy ; Schrifttum
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Ab 76.1990 als Serie
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  • 54
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Pergamon Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1986 -
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    ISSN: 8756-6583 , 1476-7937 , 1476-7937
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1986 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Holocaust and genocide studies
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Völkermord ; Judenvernichtung ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: United States Holocaust Memorial Council and Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, Jerusalem
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  • 55
    ISBN: 0195334736 , 9780195334739
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford encyclopedia of African thought
    DDC: 960.03
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Blacks Encyclopedias Intellectual life ; Philosophy, African Encyclopedias ; African diaspora Encyclopedias ; Political science Encyclopedias ; Africa Encyclopedias Politics and government ; Africa Encyclopedias Religion ; Wörterbuch ; Afrika ; Geistesgeschichte ; Schwarze ; Geistesgeschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.2013 -
    ISSN: 2050-6333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2013 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als London review of international law
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 16. April 2016 , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe
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  • 57
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Heinemann Educational Books | London [u.a.] : Heinemann | Aldershot [u.a.] : Gower | Aldershot : Scolar Press ; 1.1981-19
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1981-19
    Subsequent Title: Fortgesetzt durch Pasold studies in textile, dress and fashion history
    DDC: 670
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 58
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Heinemann Educational Books | London [u.a.] : Heinemann | Aldershot [u.a.] : Gower | Aldershot : Scolar Press ; 1.1981-19
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1981-19
    Subsequent Title: Fortgesetzt durch Pasold studies in textile, dress and fashion history
    DDC: 670
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 59
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.2013 - 5.2017; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 2050-6333
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2013 - 5.2017; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als London review of international law
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Völkerrecht ; Internationales Recht
    Note: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9780198703464
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 258 S. , Ill.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Series Statement: Oxford historical monographs
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Schilling, Britta Postcolonial Germany
    DDC: 943
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Postcolonialism History 20th century ; Collective memory History 20th century ; Geschichte 1915-1990 ; Deutschland ; Postkolonialismus ; Kollektives Gedächtnis ; Entkolonialisierung ; Germany Foreign relations ; History ; Germany Colonies 20th century ; History ; Germany History 20th century ; Historiography ; Deutschland ; Postkolonialismus ; Kollektives Gedächtnis ; Entkolonialisierung ; Geschichte 1915-1990 ; Deutschland ; Entkolonialisierung ; Postkolonialismus ; Kollektives Gedächtnis
    Abstract: At the end of the First World War, Germany appeared to have lost everything: the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians, control over borderland territories, and, above all, a sense of national self-worth in the international political arena. But it also lost almost three million square kilometres of land overseas in the form of colonies and concessions in Africa, China, and the Pacific. Allied powers declared Germany unfit to rule over overseas populations, and it was forcibly decolonized. It thus became the first ‘postcolonial’ European nation to participate in the ‘new imperialism’ of the modern era. The end of colonialism was the beginning of a memory culture that has been remarkably long-lived and dynamic. This book traces the evolution of the collective memory of German colonialism, stretching from the loss of the colonies across the eras of National Socialism, national division, and the Cold War to the present day. It shows to what extent this memory was intimately bound to objects of material culture in the former colonial metropole, from tropical fruit sold at colonial balls, to state gifts handed to the former colonies at independence, to ethnological items kept as family heirlooms. Drawing on a wide range of sources, the study marks an important shift in historical methodology, considering the significance of both material culture and private memories in constructing accounts of the past. Above all, it raises important questions about the public responsibilities of postcolonial nations and governments in Europe and their relationship to the private legacies of colonialism. Keywords: Germany, empire, Africa, European history, world history, material culture, memory, postcolonialism, colonialism
    Note: Kap. 3, The Schoolbook, 1935 - 1945 , Literaturverz. S. [209] - 251
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9780199378746
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 298 S. , graph. Darst.
    DDC: 320.8/50951
    Keywords: Local government ; Village communities ; Rural-urban migration Political aspects ; Organizational change ; China Rural conditions ; China ; Ländliche Siedlung ; Dorf ; Binnenwanderung ; Landflucht ; Behörde ; Governance
    Abstract: "This book argues that any institution that can efficiently solve the problems of collective action and accountability is able to uphold quality governance in local communities, regardless of their nature and origins. The respective performance of different types of institutions, however, is contingent upon the characteristics of the social environment in which they are embedded. Such social environment characteristics are, in turn, closely shaped by the structural features of the local communities. This book further argues that, among a variety of factors that might have contributed to the structural transformation of rural communities, the most salient is a major phenomenon witnessed in many developing countries: rural-urban migration. More specifically, in local communities with distinct levels of outward migration, community members' contextualized choices between indigenous relation-based and imposed rule-based institutions for local governance issues are likely to unfold in different ways. This generates distinct dynamics of institutional change in these communities with varying communal structures. This is the first book that uses a coherent framework to simultaneously examine various aspects of rural China's governance (including public goods provision, conflict resolution, disaster and crisis relief, and raising modest credit and small loans) and covers both formal and informal institutions"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note:Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Local Governance in Transformed Communities -- Chapter 3. Evolution of China's Rural Governance and Rural-Urban Migration -- Chapter 4. Local Publi Goods Provision, Institutional Performance, and Rural-Urban Migration in Chinese Villages -- Chapter 5. Transformed Social Foundations of Governance in Rural China: Rural-Urban Migration and Social Environments in Chinese Villages -- Chapter 6. Rural-Urban Migration and Contextualized Institutional Choices in Rural China -- Chapter 7. Conclusion -- Chapter 8. Epilogue: New Opportunities for Rural China's Governance? -- Chapter 1 Appendix: 2008 Asia Barometer Survey Mainland China Survey (ABSMCS) and 2008 National Village Survey (NVS) -- Chapter 4 Appendix: Multivariate Probit Regression (MPR) -- Chapter 5 Appendix -- Chapter 6 Appendix -- Notes -- Reference List -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199341139 , 9780199341146 , 9780199358373
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 169 S. , Ill., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: Oxford ritual studies
    DDC: 264.0099611
    RVK:
    Keywords: Christentum ; Ritual ; Ritus ; Fidschi
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [145] - 161 , Online-Ausg.:
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9780199746668 , 0199746664 , 9780199368884
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 226 S.
    Edition: 1. issued as an Oxford Univ. paperback
    DDC: 305.80098
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; Menschenrasse ; Politische Theorie ; Politische Philosophie ; Online-Publikation ; Citizenship--Latin America--Philosophy--History. ; Race--Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Latin American. ; Latin America--Race relations--Philosophy.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199843909
    Language: English
    Pages: XVII, 229 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Oxford scholarship online. Economics and Finance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Aligică, Paul Dragoş, 1966 - Institutional diversity and political economy
    DDC: 306.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ostrom, Elinor ; Ostrom, Vincent ; Öffentliche Einrichtung ; Ostrom, Elinor *1933-2012* ; Ostrom, Vincent *1919-2012* ; Institutionalismus ; Ostrom, Elinor 1933-2012 ; Ostrom, Vincent 1919-2012 ; Institutionalismus
    Abstract: This text discusses some of the most challenging ideas emerging out of the research programme on institutional diversity associated with the 2009 co-recipient of 2009 Nobel Prize in economics, Elinor Ostrom, while outlining a set of new research directions and an original interpretation of the significance and future of this programme.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780191762895 , 9780199668236 , 9780199668243
    Language: English
    Pages: XIX, 192 S.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Edition: Online-Ressource Oxford handbooks online. Business and Management Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Dixon, Adam D. The new geography of capitalism
    DDC: 306.342
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kapitalismus ; Globalisierung ; Wirtschaftsgeographie ; Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaftsordnung ; Kapitalismus ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftsgeografie ; Erde ; Kapitalismus ; Wirtschaftsgeografie ; Kapitalismus ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Kapitalmarkt
    Note: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    URL: Volltext  (Verlag)
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Equity and development
    DDC: 331.01/10954123
    Keywords: Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment ; Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment ; Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9781464802881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: This publication briefly describes the processes and methodologies for building and sustaining multistakeholder coalition to drive reforms in the health sector. It is based on the experiences of three East African countries -- Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. It outlines, by chapter, each country's experience in identifying, mobilizing, and coalescing key stakeholders to address governance bottlenecks in pharmaceutical procurement and supply chain management. It highlights challenges, successes as well as lessons learned to guide other countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464803376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Abstract: The Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015: Ending Poverty and Sharing Prosperity was written jointly by the World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund, with substantive inputs from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This year's report details, for the first time, progress toward the WBG's twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and promoting shared prosperity and assesses the state of policies and institutions that are important for achieving them. The report continues to monitor progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Also for the first time, the report includes information about high-income countries. It finds that while gaps in living standards have been closing in many countries, the well-being of households in the bottom 40 percent, as measured by the non-income MDGs such as access to education and health services, remains below that of households in the top 60 percent. The focus of this year's report is on three elements needed to make growth more inclusive and sustainable: investment in human capital that favors the poor, the best use of safety nets, and steps to ensure the environmental sustainability of economic growth. These three elements are imperative to all countries' development strategies, and are also fundamental to global efforts to achieve the twin goals, the MDGs, and the Sustainable Development Goals that will succeed the MDGs. Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 was prepared in collaboration with regional development banks and other multilateral partners
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9781464802904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: Gabon is an upper middle income country, with reasonable spending on health, however, its health outcomes resemble that of a country that is low / low-middle income. Where has Gabon gone wrong, and what are the challenges that Gabon is facing in improving health outcomes? Gabon is an emerging economy, while it has achieved high economic development it still has not achieved living standards and health outcomes seen in upper middle income countries. Gabon faces low life expectancy (63 years), levels as seen in other low income countries. It is in an early stage of an epidemiological transition. Fertility rates remain high, and mortality rates are starting to decline. It has a high burden from communicable diseases. While HIV incidence and tuberculosis incidence has started to show positive results, Malaria incidence continues to remain high. There are cost-effective interventions available to prevent many of the communicable diseases the country faces. These interventions require multi-sector approaches, behavioral change programs, outreach services, community development, and a primary health care focus
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464802225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.2/66
    Keywords: Corporate governance ; Government business enterprises ; Government ownership ; Corporate governance ; Government business enterprises ; Government ownership ; Corporate governance ; Government business enterprises ; Government ownership
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Eichengreen, Barry Tapering Talk
    Abstract: In May 2013, Federal Reserve officials first began to talk of the possibility of tapering their security purchases. This tapering talk had a sharp negative impact on emerging markets. Different countries, however, were affected very differently. This paper uses data on exchange rates, foreign reserves and equity prices between April and August 2013 to analyze who was hit and why. It finds that emerging markets that allowed the real exchange rate to appreciate and the current account deficit to widen during the prior period of quantitative easing saw the sharpest impact. Better fundamentals (the budget deficit, the public debt, the level of reserves, or the rate of economic growth) did not provide insulation. A more important determinant of the differential impact was the size of the country's financial market: countries with larger markets experienced more pressure on the exchange rate, foreign reserves, and equity prices. This is interpreted as showing that investors are better able to rebalance their portfolios when the target country has a relatively large and liquid financial market
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cavalcanti, Carlos B Measuring the Impact of Debt-Financed Public Investment
    Abstract: While debt-financed productive public investment raises a country's debt ratios in the short run, it can also generate higher growth, revenues, and exports, leading over time to lower debt ratios. This paper develops a framework to assess whether countries meet the conditions for realizing the net benefits over the costs of public investment debt financing. While it is possible to achieve debt sustainability with an appropriate mix of concessional and non-concessional financing, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition. It is also important to ensure the operational viability of public investment projects by having in place adequate project management: (i) project screening and appraisal, (ii) a clear connection between capital and recurrent expenditures once the projects are launched, and (iii) safeguards for appropriate project implementation and facilities operations. To illustrate the strength of these results, the paper carries out three measurement exercises: (a) a simulation of the degree to which the ratio of optimal public investment responds to changes in key parameters related to project management in a general equilibrium model; (b) application of the public investment management (PIMa) index to benchmark a country's public investment management capacity; and (c) presentation of the results of the Investment, Savings, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities tool aimed at tracking country choices in public finance and the impact of public projects on private investments
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Avdeenko, Alexandra International Interventions to Build Social Capital
    Abstract: Over the past decade the international community, especially the World Bank, has conducted programs to increase local public service delivery in developing countries by improving local governing institutions and creating social capital. This paper evaluates one such program in Sudan to answer the question: Can the international community change the grassroots civic culture of developing countries to increase social capital? The paper offers three contributions. First, it uses lab-in-the-field measures to focus on the effects of the program on pro-social preferences without the confounding influence of any program- induced changes on local governing institutions. Second, it tests whether the program led to denser social networks in recipient communities. Based on these two measures, the effect of the program was a precisely estimated zero. However, in a retrospective survey, respondents from program communities characterized their behavior as being more pro-social and their communities more socially cohesive. This leads to a third contribution of the paper: it provides evidence for the hypothesis, stated by several scholars in the literature, that retrospective survey measures of social capital over biased evidence of a positive effect of these programs. Regardless of one's faith in retrospective self-reported survey measures, the results clearly point to zero impact of the program on pro-social preferences and social network density. Therefore, if the increase in self-reported behaviors is accurate, it must be because of social sanctions that enforce compliance with pro-social norms through mechanisms other than the social networks that were measured
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gelb, Alan Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Development Finance
    Abstract: Sovereign wealth funds represent a large and growing pool of savings. An increasing number of these funds are owned by natural resource-exporting countries and have a variety of objectives, including intergenerational equity and macroeconomic stabilization. Traditionally, these funds have invested in external assets, especially securities traded in major markets. But the persistent infrastructure financing gap in developing countries has motivated some governments to encourage their sovereign wealth funds to invest domestically. This paper proposes some basic elements of a conceptual framework to create a system of checks and balances to help ensure that the sovereign wealth funds do not undermine macroeconomic management or become a vehicle for politically driven "investments." First, the risks and opportunities of domestic investment by sovereign wealth funds are analyzed. Central issues are the relationship of sovereign wealth fund financing to the budget process and to the procurement systems of sector ministries, as well as the establishment of appropriate benchmarks and safeguards to ensure the integrity of investment decisions. The paper argues that a well-governed sovereign wealth fund, with a sound mandate and professional management and staffing, can possibly improve the quality of the public investment program. But its mandate should not duplicate that of other government institutions with investment mandates, such as the budget, the national development bank, the investment authority, and state-owned enterprises. Establishing rules on the type of investment (for example, commercial and/or quasi-commercial) and its modalities (for example, no controlling stakes, leveraging private investment) is one way to ensure separation between the activities of the sovereign wealth fund and those of other institutions. The critical issue remains that of limiting the sovereign wealth fund's investment scope to that appropriate for a wealth fund. If investments that generate quasi-market returns are permitted, the size of the home bias should be clearly stipulated and these investments should be reported separately
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew Credit Constraints, Agricultural Productivity, and Rural Nonfarm Participation
    Abstract: Although the potentially negative impacts of credit constraints on economic development have long been discussed conceptually, empirical evidence for Africa remains limited. This study uses a direct elicitation approach for a national sample of Rwandan rural households to assess empirically the extent and nature of credit rationing in the semi-formal sector and its impact using an endogenous sample separation between credit-constrained and unconstrained households. Being credit constrained reduces the likelihood of participating in off-farm self-employment activities by about 6.3 percent while making participation in low-return farm wage labor more likely. Even within agriculture, elimination of all types of credit constraints in the semi-formal sector could increase output by some 17 percent. Two suggestions for policy emerge from the findings. First, the estimates suggest that access to information (education, listening to the radio, and membership in a farm cooperative) has a major impact on reducing the incidence of credit constraints in the semi-formal credit sector. Expanding access to information in rural areas thus seems to be one of the most promising strategies to improve credit access in the short term. Second, making it easy to identify land owners and transfer land could also significantly reduce transaction costs associated with credit access
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ehrhart, Hélène Does Migration Foster Exports?
    Abstract: This paper aims at assessing the impact of migration on export performance and more particularly the effect of African migrants on African trade. Relying on a new data set on international bilateral migration recently released by the World Bank spanning from 1980 to 2010, the authors estimate a gravity model that deals satisfactorily with endogeneity. The results first indicate that the pro-trade effect of migration is higher for African countries, a finding that can be partly explained by the substitution between migrants and institutions (the existence of migrant networks compensating for weak contract enforcement, for instance). This positive association is particularly important for the exports of differentiated products, suggesting that migrants also play an important role in reducing information costs. Moreover, focusing on intra-African trade, the pro-trade effect of African migrants is larger when migrants are established in a more geographically and ethnically distant country. All these findings highlight the ability of African migrants to help overcome some of the main barriers to African trade: the weakness of institutions, information costs, cultural differences, and lack of trust
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cebeci, Tolga Impact of Export Destinations on Firm Performance
    Abstract: This paper evaluates the role of export destinations on productivity, employment, and wages of Turkish firms by comparing the performance of firms that export to low-income destinations and high-income destinations with firms that do not export. A combination of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences methods are employed on a rich set of firm observables, including sector, region, employment, total factor productivity (TFP), capital intensity, wages, support from government, ownership, and the research and development intensity of firms. Four sets of findings emerge from the analysis: i) Export entry has a positive causal effect on firm TFP and employment and this effect is strengthened as a firm continues to export. ii) In contrast, export entry has a moderate wage effect that emerges only with a lag. iii) Unlike exporting to high-income destinations, exporting to low-income destinations does not result in significantly higher firm TFP and wages. iv) The employment effect of exporting to low-income destinations is comparable to that of exporting to high-income destinations
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Andres, Luis A Sanitation and Externalities
    Abstract: This paper estimates two sources of benefits related to sanitation infrastructure access on early childhood health: a direct benefit a household receives when moving from open to fixed-point defecation or from unimproved sanitation to improved sanitation, and an external benefit (externality) produced by the neighborhood's access to sanitation infrastructure. The paper uses a sample of children under 48 months in rural areas of India from the Third Round of District Level Household Survey 2007-08 and finds evidence of positive and significant direct benefits and concave positive external effects for both improved sanitation and fixed-point defecation. There is a 47 percent reduction in diarrhea prevalence between children living in a household without access to improved sanitation in a village without coverage of improved sanitation and children living in a household with access to improved sanitation in a village with complete coverage. One-fourth of this benefit is due to the direct benefit leaving the rest to external gains. Finally, all the benefits from eliminating open defecation come from improved sanitation and not other sanitation solutions
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bundervoet, Tom What Explains Rwanda's Drop in Fertility between 2005 and 2010?
    Abstract: Following a decade-and-a-half stall, fertility in Rwanda dropped sharply between 2005 and 2010. Using a hierarchical age-period-cohort model, this paper finds that the drop in fertility is largely driven by cohort effects, with younger cohorts having substantially fewer children than older cohorts observed at the same age. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is applied on two successive rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey. The findings show that improved female education levels account for the largest part of the fertility decline, with improving household living standards and the progressive move toward non-agricultural employment being important secondary drivers. The drop in fertility has been particularly salient for the younger cohorts, for whom the fertility decline can be fully explained by changes in underlying determinants, most notably the large increase in educational attainment between 2005 and 2010
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Miller, Margaret Can You Help Someone Become Financially Capable?
    Abstract: This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature on financial education interventions. The analysis focuses on financial education studies designed to strengthen the financial knowledge and behaviors of consumers. The analysis identifies 188 papers and articles that present impact results of interventions designed to increase consumers' financial knowledge (financial literacy) or skills, attitudes, and behaviors (financial capability). These papers are diverse across a number of dimensions, including objectives of the program intervention, expected outcomes, intensity and duration of the intervention, delivery channel used, and type of population targeted. However, there are a few key outcome indicators where a subset of papers are comparable, including those that address savings behavior, defaults on loans, and financial skills, such as record keeping. The results from the meta analysis indicate that financial literacy and capability interventions can have a positive impact in some areas (increasing savings and promoting financial skills such as record keeping) but not in others (credit default)
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Maloney, William F Engineers, Innovative Capacity and Development in the Americas
    Keywords: Innovation ; Ingenieure ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Humankapital ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Vergleich ; Lateinamerika ; Nordamerika
    Abstract: Using newly collected national and sub-national data, and historical case studies, this paper argues that differences in innovative capacity, captured by the density of engineers at the dawn of the Second Industrial Revolution, are important to explaining present income differences, and, in particular, the poor performance of Latin America relative to North America. This remains the case after controlling for literacy, other higher order human capital, such as lawyers, as well as demand side elements that might be confounded with engineering. The analysis then finds that agglomeration, certain geographical fundamentals, and extractive institutions such as slavery affect innovative capacity. However, a large effect associated with being a Spanish colony remains suggesting important inherited factors
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Duranton, Gilles Growing through Cities in Developing Countries
    Abstract: This paper examines the effects of urbanization on development and growth. It begins with a labor market perspective and emphasizes the importance of agglomeration economies, both static and dynamic. It then argues that more productive jobs in cities do not exist in a void and underscores the importance of job and firm dynamics. In turn, these dynamics are shaped by the broader characteristics of urban systems. A number of conclusions are drawn. First, agglomeration effects are quantitatively important and pervasive. Second, the productive advantage of large cities is constantly eroded and must be sustained by new job creation and innovation. Third, this process of creative destruction in cities, which is fundamental for aggregate growth, is determined in part by the characteristics of urban systems and broader institutional features. The paper highlights important differences between developing countries and more advanced economies. A major challenge for developing countries is to reinforce the role of their urban systems as drivers of economic growth
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Henderson, J. Vernon Urbanization and the Geography of Development
    Abstract: This paper focuses on three interrelated questions on urbanization and the geography of development. First, although we herald cities with their industrial bases as “engines of growth,” does industrialization in fact drive urbanization? While such relationships appear in the data, the process is not straightforward. Among developing countries, changes in income or industrialization correlate only weakly with changes in urbanization. This suggests that policy and institutional factors may also influence the urbanization process. In fact, the relationship between industrialization and urbanization is absent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, do development policies have a big-city bias and, if so, what does this imply for growth and inequality? Intelligent public infrastructure investment inevitably involves picking winners. One hopes that such choices are based on market indicators, such as where industry is starting to agglomerate and where there are clear needs. Yet governments seem to favor the biggest cities which in turn draw firms and migrants to these cities. To try to avoid excessive in-migration and oversized, congested cities, favored cities might adopt policies that make living conditions for migrants more unpleasant. This can result in increased inequality and social tension. Finally, the paper examines city sizes and city-size distributions. Factors determining both aspects are complex and poorly understood. It is hard to be proscriptive about either individual city sizes or overall city-size distributions. The best policies strengthen institutions in the relevant markets so that market forces can move the economy toward better outcomes
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: de Hoop, Jacobus Cash Transfers and Child Labor
    Abstract: Cash transfer programs are widely used in settings where child labor is prevalent. Although many of these programs are explicitly implemented to improve children's welfare, in theory their impact on child labor is undetermined. This paper systematically reviews the empirical evidence on the impact of cash transfers, conditional and unconditional, on child labor. The authors find no evidence that cash transfer interventions increase child labor in practice. On the contrary, there is broad evidence that conditional and unconditional cash transfers lower both children's participation in child labor and hours worked and cushion the effect of economic shocks that may lead households to use child labor as a coping strategy. Boys experience particularly strong decreases in economic activities, girls in household chores. The findings underline the usefulness of cash transfers as a relatively safe policy instrument to improve child welfare, but also point to knowledge gaps, for instance regarding the interplay between cash transfers and other interventions, that should be addressed in future evaluations to provide detailed policy advice
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Benjamin, Nancy Informal Economy and the World Bank
    Abstract: Many countries have expressed an interest in the size, performance and motivation of the informal sector, especially where the informal sector provides the livelihood and employment for a critical segment of the population. This essay reviews recent literature, methodologies, and relevant Bank studies as a way to share information with country teams interested in expanding their knowledge of the informal sector and related policy debates. Research in a number of regions points to four main areas where development policy can be improved by taking the informal sector into account. First, improvements should be made along a continuum; the heterogeneity among informal firms points to different policy approaches for different types of firms. Second, there should be public-private collaboration on mutual reforms. Many efforts to improve firm performance focus on elements of the production function (labor skills, credit) while treating government mainly as a cost (taxes, cost of compliance with regulations). Yet research reveals that many characteristics of the public regime strongly influence the decisions of firms regarding informality. Third, research indicates a strong relation between basic skills and labor outcomes, particularly in the informal sector, despite the sector's lower average returns. Research also indicates the benefits of targeted training programs. Business services programs have a decidedly mixed record, yet ongoing research is refining results on what works best. Fourth, informal trade is pervasive in developing countries and the networks developed in informal trade-wholesalers, credit suppliers and money-changers, transporters-are a strong presence in the informal sector. Yet these kinds of complex and nontransparent trading systems can be discouraging to foreign investors and can otherwise undermine trade policy and the international competitiveness of developing countries. The paper concludes with recommendations
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Burger, Martijn J Surges and Stops in FDI Flows to Developing Countries
    Abstract: This paper investigates the factors associated with foreign direct investment "surges" and "stops," defined as sharp increases and decreases, respectively, of gross foreign direct investment inflows to the developing world and differentiated based on whether these events are led by waves in greenfield investments or mergers and acquisitions. Greenfield-led surges and stops occur more frequently than mergers and acquisitions-led ones and different factors are associated with the onset of the two types of events. Global liquidity is the only factor significantly associated with a surge, regardless of its kind, while decline in global economic growth and a surge in the preceding year are the only predictors of a stop. Greenfield-led surges and stops are more likely in low-income and resource-rich countries than elsewhere. Global growth, financial openness, and domestic economic and financial instability enable mergers and acquisitions-led surges. These results differ from those in the literature on surges and stops and are particularly relevant in countries where foreign direct investments dominate capital flows
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lim, Jamus Jerome Learning from Financial Crises
    Abstract: This paper considers the question of whether international banks learn from their previous crisis experiences and reduce their lending to developing countries in the event of a financial crisis. The analysis combines a bank-level dataset of bank activity and ownership with country-level data on the stock of historical crisis events between 1800 and 2005. To circumvent selection and endogeneity concerns, the paper exploits temporal variations in the relative recency of crises as instruments for crisis experience. The results indicate that foreign banks with greater crisis experience reduced their lending significantly more relative to other foreign banks, which can be interpreted as evidence in favor of a learning effect. The findings survive robustness checks that include alternative measures of crisis experience, additional controls, and decompositions into different types of crises. The question of learning is also examined from the perspective of other measures of bank performance
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Özden, Çaglar Immigrant versus Natives?
    Abstract: The impact of immigration on native workers is driven by two countervailing forces: the degree of substitutability between natives and immigrants, and the increased demand for native workers as immigrants reduce the cost of production and output expands. The literature so far has focused on the former substitution effect, while ignoring the latter scale effect. This paper estimates both of these effects using labor force survey data from Malaysia (1990-2010), a country uniquely suited for understanding the impact of low-skilled immigration. The instrumental variable estimates imply that the elasticity of labor demand (3.4) is greater than the elasticity of substitution between natives and immigrants (2.5). On average the scale effect outweighs the substitution effect. For every ten additional immigrants, employment of native workers increases by 4.1 in a local labor market. These large reallocation effects are accompanied by negligible relative wage changes. At the national level, a 10 percent increase in immigrants, equivalent to 1 percent increase in labor force, has a small positive effect on native wages (0.14 percent). The impact of immigration is highly heterogeneous for natives with different levels of education, resulting in substantial changes in skill premiums and hence inequality. Immigrants on net displace natives with at most primary education; while primarily benefiting those with a little more education, lower secondary or completed secondary education
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Emerson, Patrick M Child Labor and Learning
    Keywords: Schüler ; Kinderarbeit ; Mikrodaten ; Lernen ; Panel ; Brasilien
    Abstract: This paper uses a unique micro panel dataset of Brazilian students to investigate the impact of working while in school on learning outcomes. The potential endogeneity is addressed through the use of difference-in-difference and instrumental variable estimators. A negative effect of working on learning outcomes in math and Portuguese is found. The effects of child work range from 3 to 8 percent of a standard deviation decline in test score, which represents a loss of about a quarter to a half of a year of learning on average
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew The Price of Empowerment
    Keywords: Bodenreform ; Bodenrecht ; Geschlecht ; Feldforschung ; Tansania
    Abstract: This paper reports on a randomized field experiment that uses price incentives to address economic and gender inequality in land tenure formalization. During the 1990s and 2000s, nearly two dozen African countries proposed de jure land reforms extending access to formal, freehold land tenure to millions of poor households. Many of these reforms stalled. Titled land remains the de facto preserve of wealthy households and, within households, men. Beginning in 2010, the study tested whether price instruments alone can generate greater inclusion by offering formal titles to residents of a low-income, unplanned settlement in Dar es Salaam at a range of subsidized prices, as well as additional price incentives to include women as owners or co-owners of household land. Estimated price elasticities of demand confirm that prices-rather than other implementation failures or features of the titling regime-are a key obstacle to broader inclusion in the land registry, and that some degree of pro-poor price discrimination is justified even from a narrow budgetary perspective. In terms of gender inequality, the study finds that even small price incentives for female co-titling achieve almost complete gender parity in land ownership with no reduction in demand
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kelleher, Sinéad Technical Measures to Trade in Central America
    Abstract: Despite the widespread tariff reductions sparked by the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement, borders in the region remain thick, with many hurdles standing in the way of regional trade. Although anecdotal evidence suggests that nontariff measures raise trade costs and inhibit trade in the region, little is known about the magnitude of these economic effects. This paper uses a newly collected data set to quantify the incidence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade in the region and benchmarks it with other parts of the world. The results indicate that the Central American region has the lowest prevalence of technical nontariff measures in the world. However, there is significant heterogeneity of trade-related regulations in Central America; for instance, 48 percent of Salvadoran imports are subject to at least one nontariff measure, compared with just 16 percent of Honduran imports. The paper estimates the impact of these technical measures on border prices and finds that the price impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures is equivalent to an ad-valorem tariff of 11.6 percent. This price-rising effect is further investigated by looking in detail at the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the prices of beef, chicken meat, bread, and dairy products in Guatemala. The impact is estimated to be equivalent to an ad-valorem tariff of 68.4 percent, 51.4 percent, 22.0 percent, and 5.0 percent, respectively. The paper shows that efforts to streamline key sanitary and phytosanitary measures affecting these products by, for example, reducing the cost and time required to obtain sanitary registries, would likely reduce the Guatemalan urban extreme poverty rate from 5.07 percent to 4.91 percent
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Dinar, Shlomi Climate Change, Conflict, and Cooperation
    Abstract: Although water variability has already been observed across river basins, climate change is predicted to increase variability. Such environmental changes may aggravate political tensions, especially in regions that are not equipped with an appropriate institutional apparatus. Increased variability is also likely to challenge regions with existing institutional capacity. This paper argues that the best attempts to assess the ability of states to deal with variability in the future rest with considering how agreements have fared in the past. The paper investigates to what extent particular mechanisms and institutional designs help mitigate inter-country tensions over shared water. The analysis specifically focuses on identifying which water allocation mechanisms and institutional features provide better opportunities for mitigating conflict given that water allocation issues tend to be most salient among riparians. Water-related events from the Basins at Risk events database are used as the dependent variable to test hypotheses regarding the viability, or resilience, of treaties over time. Climatic, geographic, political, and economic variables are used as controls. The analysis is conducted for the years 1948-2001 with the country dyad as the level of observation. Findings pertaining to the primary explanatory variables suggest that country dyads governed by treaties with water allocation mechanisms exhibiting both flexibility and specificity evince more cooperative behavior. Country dyads governed by treaties with a larger sum of institutional mechanisms likewise evince a higher level of cooperation, although certain institutional mechanisms are more important than others
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Farazi, Subika Informal Firms and Financial Inclusion
    Abstract: Many firms in the developing world-including a majority of micro, small, and medium enterprises-operate in the informal economy. The informal firms face a variety of constraints, making it harder for them to do business and grow. Lack of access to finance is often cited as the biggest operational constraint these firms face. This paper documents the use of finance and financing patterns of informal firms, highlights differences between use of finance by formal and informal firms, and identifies the most significant characteristics of informal firms that are associated with higher use of financial services. The analysis shows that use of loans and bank accounts for business by informal firms is very low and a vast majority finances their day-to-day operations and investments through sources other than financial institutions (internal funds, moneylenders, family, and friends). A majority of informal firm owners would like their firms to become formal but do not do so as it would require them to pay taxes. Registered firms are 54 percent more likely to have a bank account and 32 percent more likely to have loans. Results also show that firm size, the level of education of the owner, and whether the owner has a job in the formal sector are significantly associated with financial inclusion of informal firms
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Henderson, J. Vernon 50 Years of Urbanization in Africa
    Abstract: This paper documents a significant impact of climate variation on urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in more arid countries. By lowering farm incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow migration. The paper also provides evidence for rural-urban income links. In countries with a larger industrial base, reduced moisture shrinks the agricultural sector and raises total incomes in nearby cities. However, if local cities are entirely dependent on servicing agriculture so their fortunes move with those of agriculture, reduced moisture tends to reduce local urban incomes. Finally, the paper shows that climate induces employment changes within the rural sector itself. Drier conditions induce a shift out of farm activities, especially for women, into non-farm activities, and especially out of the workforce. Overall, these findings imply a strong link between climate and urbanization in Africa
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Steinbuks, Jevgenijs Assessing Energy Price Induced Improvements in Efficiency of Capital in OECD Manufacturing Industries
    Abstract: To assess how capital stocks adapt to energy price changes, it is necessary to account for the impacts on different vintages of capital and to account separately for price-induced and autonomous improvements in the energy efficiency of capital stock. The results of econometric analysis for five manufacturing industries in 19 OECD countries between 1990 and 2005 indicate that higher energy prices resulted in smaller energy use due to both improved energy efficiency of capital stock and reduced demand for the energy input. The investment response to energy prices varied considerably across manufacturing industries, being more significant in energy-intensive sectors. The results of policy simulations indicate that a carbon tax can deliver significant reductions in energy consumption in the medium run with modest declines in energy-using capital stock
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Liu, Yanyan Population Pressures, Migration, and the Returns to Human Capital and Land
    Abstract: Rapid population growth in many developing countries has raised concerns regarding food security and household welfare. To understand the consequences of population growth in a general equilibrium setting, this paper examines the dynamics of population density and its impacts on household outcomes. The analysis uses panel data from Indonesia combined with district-level demographic data. Historically, Indonesia has adapted to land constraints through a mix of agricultural intensification, expansion of the land frontier, and nonfarm diversification, with public policies playing a role in catalyzing all of these responses. In contemporary Indonesia, the paper finds that human capital determines the effect of increased population density on per capita household consumption expenditure. On the one hand, the effect of population density is positive if the average educational attainment is high (above junior high school), while it is negative otherwise. On the other hand, farmers with larger holdings maintain their advantage in farming regardless of population density. The paper concludes with some potential lessons for African countries from Indonesia's more successful rural development experiences
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Jung, Haeil The Impact of Early Childhood Education on Early Achievement Gaps
    Abstract: This paper assesses whether the Indonesia Early Childhood Education and Development project had an impact on early achievement gaps as measured by an array of child development outcomes and enrollment. The analysis is based on longitudinal data collected in 2009 and 2010 on approximately 3,000 four-year-old children residing in 310 villages located in nine districts across Indonesia. The study begins by documenting the intent-to-treat impact of the project. It then compares the achievement gaps between richer and poorer children living in project villages with those of richer and poorer children living in non-project villages. There is clear evidence that in project villages, the achievement gap between richer and poorer children decreased on many dimensions. By contrast, in non-project villages, this gap either increased or stayed constant. Given Indonesia's interest in increasing access to early childhood services for all children, and the need to ensure more efficient spending on education, the paper discusses how three existing policies and programs could be leveraged to ensure that Indonesia's vision for holistic, integrated early childhood services becomes a reality. The lessons from Indonesia's experience apply more broadly to countries seeking to reduce early achievement gaps and expand access to pre-primary education
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Woolcock, Michael Culture, Politics, and Development
    Abstract: Whether in the domains of scholarship or practice, important advances have been made in recent years in our understanding of how culture, politics, and development interact. Today's leading theorists of culture and development represent a fourth distinctive perspective vis-à-vis their predecessors, one that seeks to provide an empirically grounded, mechanisms-based account of how symbols, frames, identities, and narratives are deployed as part of a broader repertoire of cultural "tools" connecting structure and agency. A central virtue of this approach is less the broad policy prescriptions to which it gives rise-indeed, to offer such prescriptions would be something of a contradiction in terms-than the emphasis it places on making intensive and extensive commitments to engaging with the idiosyncrasies of local contexts. Deep knowledge of contextual realities can contribute constructively to development policy by enabling careful intra-country comparisons to be made of the conditions under which variable responses to otherwise similar problems emerge. Such knowledge is also important for discerning the generalizability (or "external validity") of claims regarding the efficacy of development interventions, especially those overtly engaging with social, legal, and political issues
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Does Institutional Finance Matter for Agriculture?
    Abstract: Smallholder agriculture in many developing countries has remained largely self-financed. However, improved productivity for attaining greater food security requires better access to institutional credit. Past efforts to extend institutional credit to smaller farmers has failed for several reasons, including subsidized operation of government-aided credit schemes. Thus, recent efforts to expand credit for smallholder agriculture that rely on innovative credit delivery schemes at market prices have received much policy interest. However, thus far the impacts of these efforts are not fully understood. This study examines credit for smallholder agriculture in the context of Uganda, where agriculture is about 35 percent of gross domestic product, most farmers are smallholders, and the country has introduced policies since 2005 to extend credit access to the sector. The analysis uses newly available household panel data from Uganda for 2005-2006 and 2009-2010 to examine (a) whether credit effectively targets agriculture, by examining determinants of borrowing across different sources; (b) agricultural and nonagricultural determinants of supply and demand credit constraints among non-borrowers; and (c) the effects of borrowing and credit constraints on household income, consumption, and agricultural outcomes. The analysis finds that although not many households report borrowing specifically for agriculture, credit is fungible and agricultural outcomes do substantially improve with institutional borrowing, particularly microcredit. Among non-borrowers, supply and demand credit constraints have fallen considerably over the period, particularly in rural areas. Access to institutions and infrastructure play a strong role in alleviating the negative effect of credit constraints on welfare outcomes, as well as determining the source of lending among borrowing households
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Oseni, Musiliu O Institutional Arrangements for the Promotion of Regional Integration of Electricity Markets
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the institutional arrangements needed for facilitating regional electricity cooperation. The paper begins by discussing the theory of international trade cooperation in electricity, with a view to discussing what preconditions might be important in facilitating wide area trading across national borders. It then discusses two sets of case studies. The first set focuses on three regional developing country power pools-the Southern African Power Pool, the West African Power Pool, and the Central American Power Market. The second set focuses on three regional power pools in more developed countries-one in the United States, the Single Electricity Market in Ireland, and the South East Europe market. These cases highlight the potential and difficulty of having cross-jurisdictional power pools. In the light of the theory and evidence presented, key lessons are drawn in the areas of preconditions for trading, necessary institutional arrangements, practicalities of timetabling, reasons to be hopeful about future prospects, and suggestions for future research
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