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  • 2010-2014  (867)
  • 2010  (867)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (867)
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  • 2010-2014  (867)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061675
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264073913
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 330 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economics of Climate Change Mitigation: Policies and Options for Global Action beyond 2012
    Keywords: Greenhouse gas mitigation Government policy ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Entwicklungsländer ; Klimaänderung ; Klimaschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Soziale Kosten ; Umweltökonomie
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The economics of climate change mitigation : policies and options for global action beyond 2012 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264079653 , 9789264079656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide pour le développement des politiques de consommation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Consumers ; Consumer protection ; Verbraucherpolitik
    Abstract: The markets for goods and services have undergone significant changes over the past 20 years. Regulatory reform, more open global markets, new technologies, and growth in the role of services in economic activity have driven the changes, which in many instances have provided significant benefits to consumers. Relatively little attention has been paid to the challenges these developments have posed for consumers. More choice and more complexity in many markets have made it increasingly difficult for them to compare and assess the value of products and services. The challenges for consumers have raised similar challenges for the government authorities responsible for protecting them from unfair commercial practices and fraud. This book examines how markets have evolved and provides insights for improved consumer policy making. It explores, for the first time, how what we have learned through the study of behavioural economics is changing the way policy makers are addressing p
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9264082069 , 9789264082069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Progress in Public Management in the Middle East and North Africa : Case Studies on Policy Reform
    DDC: 352.367
    Keywords: Public administration ; Public administration Case studies ; Public administration Case studies ; Public administration ; Naher Osten ; Nordafrika ; Verwaltungsreform
    Abstract: The MENA-OECD Governance Programme supports public sector reform in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Since its inception in 2003, the programme has helped the region to improve institutions for good governance through continuous policy review and reform. The need to accelerate economic growth has been the primary impetus, but MENA governments are increasingly implementing reform to improve public sector performance and to meet citizens' needs for higher quality education and health care, a safer and cleaner environment, and transparent and responsive government. Going forward
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. Overall Strategies for Public Governance Reform in the MENA Region; Chapter 2. Public Employment and Reform of Human Resources Management in MENA Countries; Chapter 3. Public Finance Management Trends in the MENA Region; Chapter 4. Enhancing Integrity in Public Administration; Chapter 5. Ensuring High Quality Regulation; Chapter 6. Cutting the Red Tape: Simplifying Administrative Procedures in the MENA; Chapter 7. Achievements in E-Government
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 8. Ensuring the Efficient Use of Public-private Partnerships in MENA CountriesChapter 9. Addressing Gender in Public Management; Chapter 10. The Challenges of Water Governance in MENA Countries; Conclusion: Where Next for the MENA-OECD Governance Programme? Lessons from the Review of MENA Public Governance Reform; Annex A. Details of Case Studies Contained in this Report;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789282102572
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effective Transport Policies for Corporate Mobility Management
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Un grand nombre d’entreprises et de gros employeurs ont développé des initiatives destinées à s’attaquer aux problèmes de circulation générés par leurs activités et, en particulier, à la question du trafic engendré par les déplacements de leurs employés et de leurs clients. Ces initiatives de Gestion de la Mobilité en Entreprise (GME) sont l’objet de ce rapport qui se concentre sur deux points : l’examen des facteurs de succès dans des cas particuliers de bonnes pratiques au niveau des entreprises et l’étude des rôles potentiels, s’il en est, que les autorités publiques peuvent jouer pour faciliter la mise en œuvre de la GME. Le rapport fournit aux États des conseils au sujet de stratégies efficaces pour traiter et limiter le trafic généré par les déplacements des navetteurs et des clients.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264082229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Avaliação da Gestão de Recursos Humanos no Governo - Relatório da OCDE; Brasil; Governo Federal (Portuguese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of human resource management in government
    DDC: 658.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regierung ; Personalmanagement ; Brasilien ; Employment ; Governance ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Regierung ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalpolitik
    Abstract: This review of human resource management (HRM) in the federal government of Brazil provides a detailed diagnosis of the management of government employees, and solutions for improving it. The assessments and the recommendations are based on the lessons learned from the experience of OECD member countries. This review assesses whether: the federal government is managing the size, skills, and competencies of its workforce in a sustainable manner; the HRM system in government is strategic and performance oriented; there is a balance between the flexibility and consistency of HRM practices; the values promoted by the government are consistent with management rules and practices.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'innovation ; Pour prendre une longueur d'avance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD The OECD innovation strategy
    DDC: 601.12
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Well-timed and targeted innovation boosts productivity, increases economic growth and helps solve societal problems. But how can governments encourage more people to innovate more of the time? And how can government itself be more innovative? The OECD Innovation Strategy provides a set of principles for fostering innovation in people (workers and consumers), in firms and in government. It takes an in-depth look at the scope of innovation and how it is changing, as well as where and how it is occurring. The result is the formulation of far-reaching policies for innovation using recent research and data. "a thoughtful new report on how governments can do better at spurring and measuring innovation." The Economist
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264074927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 162 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Kelling, Ingrid Globalisation in fisheries and aquaculture
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Globalization ; Fischwirtschaft ; Aquakultur ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: This overview of global markets for fish and fish products finds that they have changed considerably over the past few decades and continue to do so, with ever growing interactions across countries and continents. Change has brought substantial benefits to the world economy and a number of policy challenges for governments. To meet these challenges, without compromising the advantages of increasing market interactions, countries must develop and implement fisheries management frameworks and aquaculture strategies that accommodate globalisation without undermining resource sustainability
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'impact de la mondialisation sur la pêche et l'aquaculture , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264088008 , 9789264088009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Implementing the Tax Transparency Standards : A Handbook for Assessors and Jurisdictions
    DDC: 352.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Taxation ; Taxation Law and legislation ; Globalisierung ; Steuererhebung ; Datenaustausch
    Abstract: This handbook is intended to assist the assessment teams and the reviewed jurisdictions that are participating in the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information (the "Global Forum") peer reviews and non-member reviews.  It provides contextual background information on the Global Forum and the peer review process.  It also contains relevant key documents and authoritative sources that will guide assessors and reviewed jurisdictions throughout the peer review process.  Assessors should be familiar with the information and documents contained in this handbook as it wi
    Description / Table of Contents: About the Global Forum; About this Handbook; The Peer Review Process; Key Documents of the Global Forum for Peer Reviews; Terms of Reference; Methodology; Assessment Criteria; Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its Commentary; The 2002 Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its Commentary; Enabling Effective Exchange of Information: Availability and Reliability - StandardThe Joint Ad Hoc Group on Accounts(JAHGA) Report; The 2006 OECD Manual on Information Exchange - Module on General and Legal Aspects of Exchange of Information
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2006 OECD Manual on Information Exchange - Module 1 on Exchange of Information on RequestThe OECD's Project on Harmful Tax Practices Consolidated Application Note Guidance in Applying the 1998 Report to Preferential Tax Regimes;
    Note: "Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes , Also available in French: Mise en oeuvre des standards de transparence fiscale : manuel pour les évaluateurs et les juridictions , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282102428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la fiabilité des réseaux de transport de surface
    DDC: 388
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Passengers and freight shippers alike want reliable transport services. Surprisingly, little research has been undertaken in incorporating reliability into the assessment of transport projects despite the increasing importance of scheduling in economic activities. This report provides policy makers with a framework to understand reliability issues, to incorporate reliability into project assessment and to design reliability management policies. It also explores a range of reliability performance measures. Case studies across OECD and ITF countries provide examples of several core policy tools that can be used to deliver more reliable networks in a cost-effective manner. The report makes significant progress in identifying appropriate methodology for incorporating reliability into policy and project evaluation, as well as exploring the pitfalls that need to be avoided.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264087651
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment; (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Si l’on se cantonne aux technologies existantes, résoudre les problèmes environnementaux de la planète pourrait peser très lourd sur la croissance économique. Nous savons que l’innovation – création et adoption de technologies et méthodes nouvelles – offre le moyen d’atteindre des objectifs écologiques locaux et mondiaux à un coût beaucoup plus faible. L’innovation est également un des principaux moteurs de la croissance économique. Les pays de l’OCDE utilisent de plus en plus les taxes liées à l’environnement parce qu’elles constituent l’un des instruments d’action les plus efficaces. Il est essentiel d’analyser la relation entre fiscalité environnementale et innovation pour bien comprendre les effets de cet instrument, qui pourrait être un axe de la « croissance verte ». En attribuant un prix à la pollution, les taxes environnementales stimulent‑elles l’innovation ? Quels sont les types d’innovations induits ? La conception de la taxe joue‑t‑elle un rôle ? Quel est l’impact de cette innovation ? Pour analyser ces questions, ce rapport s’appuie sur des études de cas qui couvrent la Corée, l’Espagne, Israël, le Japon, le Royaume‑Uni, la Suède, la Suisse et d’autres pays, et aborde un large éventail de questions et de technologies environnementales ainsi que de situations économiques et stratégiques. Les méthodes de recherche employées vont de l’analyse économétrique aux entretiens avec des chefs d’entreprise et cadres dirigeants. Ce rapport étudie également l’utilisation des taxes écologiques dans les pays de l’OCDE et formule un certain nombre de remarques à l’intention des responsables chargés de les mettre en œuvre. Les politiques en faveur de la croissance verte peuvent stimuler la croissance économique tout en empêchant la dégradation de l’environnement, la perte de biodiversité et la surexploitation des ressources naturelles. Les conclusions de ce rapport contribueront à la Stratégie pour une croissance verte élaborée par l’OCDE, qui servira de guide pratique pour les pouvoirs publics désireux d’exploiter tout le potentiel d’une croissance plus respectueuse de l’environnement. Pour en savoir plus L’économie politique des taxes liées à l’environnement (2006)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264087491
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'éducation et la formation professionnelles
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Jobs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung; Lernen für die Arbeitswelt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preparándose para trabajar
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Pour les pays membres de l’OCDE, des compétences de haut niveau sur le lieu de travail sont considérées comme essentielles pour soutenir la croissance économique. Les systèmes de formation professionnelle sont actuellement examinés à la loupe afin de déterminer s’ils sont en mesure de fournir les compétences requises. Formation et emploi : relever le défi de la réussite est une évaluation par l’OCDE des politiques de formation professionnelle ayant pour but d’aider les pays à mieux adapter leur système de formation professionnelle aux besoins du marché du travail. Cette évaluation élargit la base factuelle, définit des moyens d’action possibles et élabore des outils pour évaluer les initiatives en matière de politique de formation professionnelle. L’OCDE procède à une évaluation des politiques de formation professionnelle en Allemagne, en Australie, en Autriche, en Belgique (Flandre), en Corée, aux États-Unis (Caroline du Sud et Texas), en Hongrie, en Irlande, au Mexique, en Norvège, en République tchèque, au Royaume-Uni (Angleterre et Pays de Galles), en Suède et en Suisse. Un premier rapport sur le Chili et un rapport succinct sur la République populaire de Chine ont aussi été préparés. Le rapport initial de Formation et emploi : relever le défi de la réussite est disponible sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des mécanismes de financement innovants pour le secteur de l'eau
    DDC: 338.436281
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report examines innovative mechanisms that can help attract new financial resources into water and sanitation services. In particular, it focuses on mobilising market-based repayable financing (such as loans, bonds and equity) as a way of bridging the financial gap to meet the water-related Millennium Development Goals and other crucial sector objectives. The Camdessus and Gurría reports, published seven and four years ago, respectively, formulated a number of recommendations in this area. This report examines the extent to which these recommendations have been implemented. It looks at the rapidly evolving global context and to the ongoing financial and economic crisis, and considers how innovation in financing for the water sector may need to adapt.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083578
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion durable des ressources en eau dans le secteur agricole
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable management of water resources in agriculture
    DDC: 338.18
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Water-supply, Agricultural ; Management ; Sustainable agriculture ; Water-supply ; Environmental aspects ; Water-supply ; Economic aspects ; Agricultural resources ; Management ; Landwirtschaft ; Gewässerschutz ; Wasserreserve ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Agriculture is the major user of water in most countries. It also faces the enormous challenge of producing almost 50% more food by 2030 and doubling production by 2050. This will likely need to be achieved with less water, mainly because of growing pressures from urbanisation, industrialisation and climate change. In this context, it will be important in future for farmers to receive the right signals to increase water use efficiency and improve agricultural water management, while preserving aquatic ecosystems. This report calls on policy makers to recognise the complexity and diversity of water resource management in agriculture and the wide range of issues at stake. And it gives them the tools to do so, offering a wealth of information on recent trends and the outlook for water resource use in agriculture, including the impacts of climate change. It examines the policy experiences of OECD countries in managing their water resources for agriculture, with focus on: the extent to which countries subsidise the supply of water to farmers; flood and drought risk policies; and institutional organisation and governance as it relates to water and the agricultural sector. The report offers concrete recommendations on what countries should be doing and why.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282102787
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Drugs and Driving; Detection and Deterrence
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: La conduite sous l'emprise de drogues – médicaments ou drogues illicites – commence à être reconnue comme un problème important pour la sécurité routière. Ce rapport propose un examen approfondi du rôle et de l'impact de la consommation de drogues sur le risque d'accident. Il passe en revue les réglementations en vigueur dans les pays membres, les pratiques de dissuasion et de détection en bord de route ainsi que les mesures de prévention pour combattre la conduite sous l'emprise de stupéfiants et de médicaments. Le rapport propose des recommandations sur les stratégies à adopter pour résoudre ce problème, afin de poursuivre le combat pour sauver des vies sur la route et contribuer à une approche pour un système sûr.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264088344
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the Tax Transparency Standards; A Handbook for Assessors and Jurisdictions
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Ce manuel est destiné à aider les équipes d’évaluation et les juridictions examinées qui participent aux examens par les pairs et aux examens des non membres menés par le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales (le « Forum mondial »). Il fournit des informations contextuelles générales sur le Forum mondial et sur le processus d’examen par les pairs. Il contient également les principaux documents et les sources faisant autorité qui seront utiles aux évaluateurs et aux juridictions concernées au cours du processus d’examen. Les évaluateurs doivent bien connaître ces informations et documents pour pouvoir effectuer des examens adéquats et équitables. Ce manuel constitue également une source unique d’informations pour les pouvoirs publics, les universitaires et autres parties intéressées par les questions de transparence et d’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264086654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Guidelines for Cost-effective Agri-environmental Policy Measures
    DDC: 333.7616
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltstandard ; Umweltsteuer ; Umweltzertifikathandel
    Abstract: Improving the environmental performance of agriculture is a high priority in OECD and many non-OECD countries. This will be of increasing concern in the future given the pressure to feed a growing world population with scarce land and water resources. Policy has an important role to play where markets for many of the environmental outcomes from agriculture are absent or poorly functioning.   . This study focuses on the design and implementation of environmental standards and regulations, taxes, payments and tradable permit schemes to address agri-environmental issues. It deals w
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Introduction; Objectives of agri-environmental policy instruments and criteria for policy evaluation; Policy design parameters: an overview; Tailoring environmental standards, environmental taxes and tradeable permits; Design issues for agri-environmental payment programmes; Policy-mixes for the agri-environment: overview of design parameters; Agri-environmental policies in OECD countries; Ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of agri-environmental policies; Summary and good policy practices
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex A. Compliance bases for alternative agri-environmental policy instrumentsAnnex B. Cross-compliance in the European Union; Annex C. Standards versus taxes; Bibliography;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264083868
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dedicated Public-Private Partnership Units; A Survey of Institutional and Governance Structures
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Les unités consacrées aux partenariats public-privé (PPP) sont des organismes créés en totalité ou en partie avec l’aide de l’État, pour veiller à ce que les compétences requises pour gérer la fourniture de biens et de services par des tiers existent et soient regroupées au niveau du gouvernement. Ces unités renforcent la capacité de l’État à gérer les risques liés à l’augmentation du nombre de partenariats public-privé et de la valeur qu’ils représentent. Alors que ces unités spécialisées sont considérées comme un phénomène relativement nouveau, plus de la moitié des pays membres de l’OCDE indiquaient, en 2009, l’existence d’une unité consacrée aux PPP sous une forme ou une autre. Le présent ouvrage donne une vue d’ensemble des unités consacrées aux PPP dans les pays de l’OCDE et comprend cinq études de cas qui concernent l’Afrique du Sud (pays partenaire de l’engagement renforcé de l’OCDE), l’Allemagne, la Corée, le Royaume-Uni et l’État de Victoria (Australie). Il pose les questions suivantes : quelles sont les fonctions et la localisation de leurs unités consacrées aux PPP ? Dans le cadre de ces fonctions, quel est le rôle joué par ces unités dans le processus d’exécution ? Quels enseignements peuvent en tirer les autres pays qui ont déjà créé ou envisagent de créer une unité spécialisée ?
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des États en transition ; vers une meilleure réponse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transition financing
    DDC: 332.042091724
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: More than one-third of Official Development Assistance is spent annually on fragile and conflict-affected countries. Nonetheless, aid does not always flow promptly and effectively to where it is most needed, especially in countries recovering from conflict. The Accra Agenda for Action, recent peer reviews by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (OECD DAC) and the UN Secretary-General’s report “Peacebuilding in the Immediate Aftermath of Conflict” agree: international engagement is less than optimal, especially in guiding and implementing transition financing processes. While many determining forces in fragile and conflict-affected countries are outside donor control, decisions about which activities to finance and how to finance them influence these countries’ path out of conflict. This is because financing is about much more than the flow of resources: it affects behaviour, aid architecture, power and influence, priorities, and capacity development. And because it signals approval or disapproval, there is no neutral choice: a financing decision has consequences that go far beyond the timescale and scope of the funded activity. This report will help OECD DAC members and partners to map out more effective, rapid and flexible transition financing. This includes improving current policies and practices in financial flows, implementing procedural and cultural changes in donor administrations, and maximising use of the instruments available for in-country transition financing. The report also addresses improving the operational effectiveness of pooled funding instruments, clarifying the link between funding instruments and national ownership, and adopting a new approach to identify and prioritise specific transition needs.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264079922 , 9789264079939
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fisheries: While Stocks Last?
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Fischwirtschaft ; Fischbestand ; Weltpolitik
    Note: "Publié de l'anglais: OECD insights: Fisheries"--P. [2] , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264086449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public administration after "New Public Management"
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regierung ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Neues Steuerungsmodell ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Management ; Verwaltung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Public administration has entered a new age. In the 1980s, “less” government was the prevailing idea; in the 1990s and early 21st century, “New Public Management” was the dominant theme. Today, public administration is moving in new directions. Reforms are focusing on the quality of services for citizens and businesses and on the efficiency of administration (the “back office” of government). The OECD is studying these new trends in a multi-annual, cross-country project called “Value for Money in Government”. This is the first report in a new OECD series on the topic. The book examines four themes in nine OECD countries: the development of shared service centres, the steering and control of agencies, automatic productivity cuts, and spending review procedures. In addition, it contains a quantitative analysis of the size of employment in central government. The countries studied are Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The book pays particular attention to the case of the Netherlands, the country that first proposed an OECD study on value for money in government.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264083707
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Partenariats pour la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs ; Évolution et pratique actuelle dans treize pays
    DDC: 327.1747
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: National radioactive waste management programmes are in various phases of siting facilities and rely on distinct technical approaches for different categories of waste. In all cases, it is necessary for institutional actors and the potential or actual host community to build a meaningful, workable relationship. Partnership approaches are effective in achieving a balance between the requirements of fair representation and competent participation. With host community support, they also help ensure the desirable combination of a licensable site and management concept as well as a balance between compensation, local control and development opportunities. This report provides up-to-date information on experience with local partnership arrangements in 13 countries. The characteristics, advantages and aims of community partnerships are also described in addition to the concept's evolution over the past decade.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer l'innovation ; Un nouveau regard
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring innovation
    DDC: 338.064
    RVK:
    Keywords: Innovation ; Innovationsmanagement ; Education ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD*Innovation*Messverfahren*Indikator*Forschungsbericht*Globalisierung*Bildungsabschluss*Mobilität*Bildungspolitik*Neue Technologien*Kooperation*Regierung*Interdisziplinarität*öffentliche Trägerschaft*Private Trägerschaft*Welt*Europa*Asien*Australien*Afrika*Nordamerika*Südamerika ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Innovation ; Unternehmen ; Innovationsmanagement
    Abstract: Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective presents new measures and new ways of looking at traditional indicators. It builds on 50 years of indicator development by OECD and goes beyond R&D to describe the broader context in which innovation occurs. It includes some experimental indicators that provide insight into new areas of policy interest. It highlights measurement gaps and proposes directions for advancing the measurement agenda. This publication begins by describing innovation today. It looks at what is driving innovation in firms, and how the scientific and research landscape is being reconfigured by convergence, interdisciplinarity and the new geography of innovation hot spots. It presents broader measures of innovation, for example using new indicators of investment in intangible assets and trademarks. Human capital is the basic input of innovation, and a series of indicators looks at how well education systems are contributing to the knowledge and research bases. Further series examine how firms transform skills and knowledge, and shed light on the different roles of public and private investment in fostering innovation and reaping its rewards, with concrete examples from major global challenges such as health and climate change. Measuring Innovation is a major step towards evidence-based innovation policy making. It complements traditional “positioning”-type indicators with ones that show how innovation is, or could be, linked to policy. It also recognises that much more remains to be done, and points to the measurement challenges statisticians, researchers and policy makers alike need to address.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789282103074
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.148
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimulating Low-Carbon Vehicle Technologies
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Les gouvernements multiplient leurs interventions sur les marchés des voitures particulières pour accroître les économies de carburant et réduire les émissions des voitures neuves. Ce rapport examine la logique de ces interventions et se penche sur les mesures d’une efficacité maximum pour un coût minimum. La Table Ronde a rassemblé des économistes, des responsables politiques et des ingénieurs du secteur de l’automobile. L’objectif était de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le marché automobile échoue à engendrer des économies de carburant suffisantes. Les participants se sont tout d’abord demandés si des mesures additionnelles étaient nécessaires, une fois qu’un prix adéquat pour le dioxyde de carbone est établi par la taxation des carburants, et ils ont conclu que des imperfections de marché sont effectivement à l’œuvre et que ces dernières justifient des interventions additionnelles des gouvernements. Des normes d’économies de carburant sont une partie essentielle d’un ensemble de mesures, et plus le cadre temporel à l’intérieur duquel des objectifs indicatifs sont formulés est long, moins les investissements de l’industrie dans des moteurs et chaînes cinématiques économes sont handicapés par l’incertitude. Les subventions destinées aux véhicules électriques sont plus problématiques à cause du risque de prématurément désigner un vainqueur et d’instituer une dépendance aux subventions. De plus, la production d’électricité doit encore être décarbonée. Cependant, des interventions pour orienter les innovations, de telle sorte que des réductions drastiques de gaz à effet de serre aient lieu, sont justifiées pour autant que le risque de ne pas atteindre les objectifs politiques en matière de changement climatique est perçu comme plus élevé que les risques attachés à ces interventions.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264069114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (255 p)
    Parallel Title: Print version OECD Insights From Crisis to Recovery : The Causes, Course and Consequences of the Great Recession
    DDC: 304.82
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: How did the sharpest global slowdown in more than six decades happen, and how can recovery be made sustainable? OECD Insights: From Crisis to Recovery traces the causes, course and consequences of the ""Great Recession"". It explains how a global build up of liquidity, coupled with poor regulation, created a financial crisis that quickly began to make itself felt in the real economy, destroying businesses and raising unemployment to its highest levels in decades. The worst of the crisis now looks to be over, but a swift return to strong growth appears unlikely and employment will take several
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Foreword; 1. Introduction; By way of introduction …; Pop!; The recession and its legacies; What this book is about …; 2. The Roots of a Crisis; By way of introduction …; The dam breaks; A brave new world of banking; Why did it happen when it happened?; 3. Routes, Reach, Responses; By way of introduction …; What were the routes of recession?; How far did the recession reach?; How did governments respond?; 4. The Impacts on Jobs; By way of introduction …; Which jobs are affected?; Are some countries worse off than others?; What can government do to help the unemployed?
    Description / Table of Contents: 5. Pensions and the CrisisBy way of introduction …; What happened?; Who suffered most?; Automatic stabilisers and destabilisers; Two-way influences; Changes in risk; Policy responses; Should governments bail out private pensions?; What should be done?; The outlook; 6. New World, New Rules?; By way of introduction …; Why do we need to regulate financial markets?; What's being done to tackle tax evasion?; Can we agree on global ethical standards?; 7. The Future: Five Questions; By way of introduction …; What's the long-term economic impact?; When will government policy get back to normal?
    Description / Table of Contents: Has the global balance shifted?Can the crisis be a green opportunity?; Does economics need a rethink?; By way of conclusion …; References
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 26
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 129-152
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 129-152
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: International migration in Latin America today presents several features that will remain constant up to 2030, and new issues will emerge such as the growing feminisation of migration, the special case of indigenous people or human rights aspects. A concentrated migration pattern to the United States and Spain dominate the region. Although this will continue during the next decades, there will also be an incipient pattern of diversification of destinations (other European countries, Canada and Japan). Little progress has been made regarding the productive use of remittances, and the agreements and programmes targeted for temporary labour migration have not become widespread and also continue to include meagre migrant worker quotas. Today, the main destinations for intraregional migrants are Argentina, Costa Rica and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, but there are some modest signs of change in the future.
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  • 27
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: The allocation of funds to public colleges based on performance criteria rather than activity or enrolment criteria is often described as performance funding. In the United States, performance funding policies have become a frequently used instrument of higher education accountability. The history of such policies, however, is a complex one, with some states implementing such policies while others discontinue them. This paper describes and evaluates the first and the longest-standing performance funding policy in the United States, one designed and implemented in 1980 and remaining in effect for over 25 years.
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 109-219
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Autriche
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 109-219
    Keywords: Development ; Austria
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Luxembourg and Norway for the Peer Review meeting on 29 April 2009. Among the issues covered were: the welcome efforts to focus Austrian development co-operation on the world’s poorest people; plans to substantially increase aid for humanitarian action, priority partner countries, and UN agencies; and progress made with the organisational reform started in 2004. Austria needs to sharply increase its aid to meet its commitment to reach 0.7% of ODA/GNI by 2015; to make its aid more predictable; and to increase the share of aid that can be programmed by partner countries. Staffing and technical expertise in the Foreign Affairs Ministry must be strengthened so that it can effectively carry out its mandate as the national co-ordinator for aid and development policy; there should be increased focus on public and political awareness about global development challenges; and a medium-term development policy, endorsed by the government, which commits all ministries to Austria’s development co-operation objectives.
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-44
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses recent patterns of intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries and examines the role that public policies can play. It shows that the relationship between parental or socio-economic background and offspring educational and wage outcomes is positive and significant in practically all countries for which evidence is available. Intergenerational social mobility is measured by several different indicators, since no single indicator provides a complete picture. However, one pattern that emerges is of a group of countries, southern European countries and Luxembourg, which appears to rank as relatively immobile on most indicators, while another group, the Nordic countries, is found to be more mobile. Furthermore, public policies such as education and early childcare play a role in explaining observed differences in intergenerational social mobility across countries.
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: Over 50% of Portuguese graduates are out of work for more than six months after leaving university, against the OECD average of 42%. This suggests that universities need to do more to improve graduates’ chances on the labour market and, in many ways, the Bologna reform provided European Union universities with an opportunity to tackle this issue. This paper describes how the Bologna process led to reform at the Catholic University of Portugal’s Faculty of Economics and Management, starting in 2005. Undergraduate studies were reduced from four to three years and strategies were implemented to improve graduates’ employability. The primary aspect of the reform was a competency-based approach to curricula development, along with the creation of three new courses dealing specifically with transferable skills: critical thinking, systemic thinking and communication and teamwork.
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 65-80
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renaissance de l'énergie nucléaire en Italie
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 65-80
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: The centre-right Italian Government, headed by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi,1 has taken the first steps to pave the way for the resurgence of nuclear energy in Italy, the most serious attempt since the 1987 moratorium on nuclear power production. At the moment, Italy faces the legal, economic, technical and societal challenges of launching a new nuclear programme, and all players involved are aware of the fact that redefining the nuclear legal framework will be a crucial part to this endeavour.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 35-66
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 35-66
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In 2010 authorities have taken the first steps to end some of the public support measures put in place in response to the financial crisis, starting with government guarantees for bond issues. Financial institutions have made extensive use of this tool, which has been effective in avoiding a further tightening of funding conditions, but this type of public support has, nonetheless, raised some concerns. First, the cost of issuing guaranteed bonds has mainly reflected the characteristics of the sovereign guarantor rather than those of the issuer, thus favouring “weak” borrowers with a “strong” sovereign backing. This situation has the potential to distort competition and create incentives for excessive risk taking. Such effects could have been reduced by the choice of a different fee determination mechanism. Second, the continued availability in 2010 of guarantee schemes, despite a declining overall usage, may be alleviating the pressure on some weak financial institutions to address their weaknesses: the average creditworthiness of banks issuing after mid-2009, when market conditions became more favourable, has sharply declined. JEL Classification: G01, G12, G21, G28. Keywords: financial crisis, policy response to the crisis, government guaranteed bonds, competitive distortions
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 55-74
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 55-74
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Whereas Germany and Austria were the main destinations of Russians in the 1990s, recently Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Britain and Ireland became major destinations. Recent East European immigration was mainly directed to the Mediterranean countries to fill gaps in caretaking jobs. South-Eastern Europe and Moldova can be characterized as emigration-remittance-economies with large parts of the active population having migrated to the EU, Russia, Israel, Turkey, and the Gulf states. A distinct Russia-centered immigration system came into being during and after the dissolution of the Soviet empire. Although Russia’s population figures remained stable on balance, the country went through a far-reaching exchange of populations. In the future, the demographic downturn and the loss of manpower are the main challenges facing Russia and also neighbouring Ukraine and Belarus. Russia, with its new wealth due to soaring energy prices, will become a competitor for engineers, technicians, researchers, doctors, and also non-qualified workers.
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 75-125
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 75-125
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated improving competition in real estate transactions in February 2007. Real estate transactions are subject to a variety of potential limitation of competition that can have significant effects on ordinary consumers. In fact, because of the annual volume of transactions and the fact that real estate expenses (mortgage payments and rent) constitute a significant portion of spending out of available revenue to spend (often exceeding 25%), the impacts of anti-competitive action i this sector may have larger financial value than in most other sectors. Practices of real estate agents vary significantly across countries, but a common trend appears to be the introduction of listing services that may provide a platform for anti-competitive practices to spread, at the same time as the Internet potentially provides improved opportunities for real estate sellers to reach buyers directly. In many countries, the operation of transferring legal title to properties is subject to cartel-like prices. Competitive problems have also been identified in the mortgage markets, with cartel activity having been found in a least one case and a lack of non-bank sources of finance in some countries.
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 1-27
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 1-27
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Contagion risk and counterparty failure have been the main hallmarks of the current crisis. While some large diversified banks that focused mainly on commercial banking survived very well, others suffered crippling losses. Sound corporate governance and strong riskmanagement culture should enable banks to avoid excessive leverage and risk taking. The question is whether there is a better way, via leverage rules or rules on the structures of large conglomerates, to ensure volatile investment banking functions do not dominate the future stability of the commercial banking and financial intermediation environment that is so critical for economic activity. While there is a main consensus on the need for reform of capital rules, dynamic provisioning, better co-operation for future crises, centralised trading of derivatives etc., the question is whether such reforms will be sufficient if they do not address contagion and counterparty risk directly. The world outside of policy making is waiting for a fundamental reassessment of banks’ business models: what banks are supposed to do and how they compete with each other. It is the “elephant in the room” on which some policy makers have not yet had the time or inclination to focus. This article emphasises not only the need for transparent and comparable accounting rules and for improvements in corporate governance, but also supports the imposition of a group leverage ratio to provide a binding capital constraint (that Basel riskweighted rules have been unable to achieve) and proposes a Non- Operating Holding Company Structure (NOHC) – reforms that are essential to deal with contagion and counterparty risk that are so integral to the ‘too big to fail’ issue.
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 75-108
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 75-108
    Keywords: Economics ; Algeria ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: In Part I, the determinants of past and current migration flows from the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries to OECD countries are discussed. In particular, the influence of economic, demographic and political factors on the size and composition of migration flows from North Africa to OECD countries is put forward using two complementary econometric analyses. In Part II, the economic and demographic prospects in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are discussed focusing on the key determinants identified previously as important driving forces of future migration trends (GDP per capita, poverty levels, and demographic factors). In Part III, an attempt to assess the impact of climate change on future migration patterns in the Maghreb is carried out. This section looks at ways that climate change might lead to increased forced migration, presents some predictions for numbers of future climate migrants, examines the uncertainties with these predictions and lays out different tentative scenarios on future numbers of forced migrants.
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-26
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-26
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Aggregated times series variables can be forecasted in different ways. For example, they may be forecasted on the basis of the aggregate series or forecasts of disaggregated variables may be obtained fi rst and then these forecasts may be aggregated. A number of forecasts are presented and compared. Classical theoretical results on the relative effi ciencies of different forecasts are reviewed and some complications are discussed which invalidate the theoretical results. Contemporaneous as well as temporal aggregation are considered. JEL classifi cation : C22, C32 Key Words : Autoregressive moving-average process, contemporaneous aggregation, temporal aggregation, vector autoregressive moving-average process
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7-67
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7-67
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated concessions in February 2006. Governments have long been engaged in providing goods or services to their citizens that could, in some form, be provided by the private sector. The trend over the past few decades, however, has been to transfer these functions, and the state-owned assets used to provide them, to private hands. The most common method, and the one usually preferred, is privatisation, or outright sale or transfer of ownership of the relevant assets to one or more private parties. Another method is concessions. Concessions are often viewed as a substitute for privatisation when the latter is not feasible for political or legal reasons. Concessions are not substitutes for regulation. Where there is a need for regulation, as in a situation of natural monopoly, a regulatory regime may be created along with the concession.
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-10
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-10
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: A new and novel approach to controlling regulatory costs is the concept of the regulatory budget. This concept would require that governments account for regulatory expenditures in a similar way to fiscal expenditures. This article argues that there are analogies between fiscal and regulatory budgets as they both divert resources from the private sector, albeit by different policy instruments. Given that budgeting is universally used to manage fiscal resources, the article outlines the pros and cons of developing regulatory budgets to manage regulatory resources. JEL classification: H300, H610.
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 47-171
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 125 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Norway
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 47-171
    Keywords: Development ; Norway
    Abstract: Cet examen contient les « Principales conclusions et recommandations » du Comité d’aide au développement et le rapport du Secrétariat. Il a été préparé avec les examinateurs représentant le Canada et la Commission européenne pour l’examen qui a eu lieu le 21 octobre 2008. La Norvège est l’un des donneurs les plus généreux pour financer le système d’aide internationale en marge de ses propres mesures et programmes d’aide. Ce pays s’engage pour l’efficacité de l’aide et son approche flexible de l’aide publique au développement lui permet de s’adapter rapidement aux situations nouvelles. Bien que sa flexibilité soit la plupart du temps considérée comme une force, la Norvège doit prendre garde à ne pas ajouter trop de nouvelles priorités à une liste d’initiatives de plus en plus longue. La Norvège a pour ambition de devenir un modèle sur certaines questions transversales telles que le droit des femmes, l’égalité des sexes ou encore la protection de l’environnement, mais elle n’a pas encore réussi à intégrer complètement ces priorités dans ses programmes et ses projets.
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Philippines
    Abstract: This profile offers a general overview of the Philippine system of budgeting at national level. Special characteristics of the Philippine budget process are examined, such as a commitment to fiscal discipline and the national planning function. The three steps of the annual budget formulation cycle are described: the development of economic assumptions and revenue forecasts; the use of a medium-term expenditure framework to assess the continuing costs of existing programmes; and identifying the resultant “fiscal space” through the Paper on Budget Strategy. The process for allocating resources is then described, including the “Budget Call”, the submission and review of proposals, the role of the central ministry and the line ministries, and finally the role of Congress, constitutional restrictions, and the nature of executive-legislative relations.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 113-124
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 12 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) International Organisation: Which Laws Apply to this International Nuclear Operator?
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 113-124
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: ITER est un projet de recherche dont l’objet est de démontrer la faisabilité scientifique et technique de l’utilisation de la fusion comme nouvelle source d’énergie. Après les réalisations de grands Tokamaks1 tels que le JT60 au Japon, TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) aux États-Unis, le JET (Joint European Torus) en Grande Bretagne et Tore Supra en France, ce projet est la dernière étape de recherche avant la construction d’un prototype industriel utilisant les réactions de fusion pour produire de l’électricité, à l’horizon 2040-2050.
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  • 43
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    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 103-113
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le réacteur expérimental thermonucléaire international ITER : Quel droit applicable pour cet exploitant nucléaire de niveau international ?
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 103-113
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: ITER is a research project the purpose of which is to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion as a new source of energy. After construction of large Tokamaks,1 such as the JT60 in Japan, TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) in the United States, JET (Joint European Torus) in the United Kingdom and Tore Supra in France, this project is the last stage of research to be conducted before construction of an industrial
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 147-149
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux réglementaires internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 147-149
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article describes the international nuclear regulatory activities of the European Atomic Energy Community and the IAEA in 2009 and 2010.
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 151-380
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 130 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Sweden
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 151-380
    Keywords: Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: Cet examen contient les principales conclusions et recommandations du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) ainsi que le rapport établi par le Secrétariat en liaison avec des examinateurs représentant le Japon et les États-Unis pour l’examen de l’aide de la Suède qui a eu lieu le 9 juin 2009. En 2008, au pro-rata de son RNB, la Suède a été le donneur le plus généreux. La Suède a joué un rôle constructif, et souvent de modèle, au niveau international pour assurer la qualité de la coopération pour le développement, notamment en promouvant l’efficacité de l’aide et des bonnes pratiques en matière d’action humanitaire. Ardente partisane du multilatéralisme, la Suède prône par ailleurs des réformes structurelles au sein des organismes multilatéraux et s’est faite le champion des nouveaux mécanismes de financement. Dans le même temps, les Suédois demeurent fort désireux de voir leur pays continuer de s’investir fortement au sein de la communauté internationale des donneurs, mais aussi améliorer son propre système de coopération pour le développement.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 157-176
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 157-176
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper develops a time series model to forecast the growth in imports by major advanced economies in the current and following year (two to six quarters ahead). Both pure time series analysis and structural approaches that include additional predictors based on economic theory are used. Our results compare favourably with other trade forecasts, as measured by standard evaluation statistics and can serve as a benchmark for more complex macroeconomic models.
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  • 47
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-5
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-5
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article, originally presented as a keynote speech at the June 2009 meeting of the OECD Working Party of Senior Budget Officials, explores the state of new public management from the perspective of current political theory and presents relevant findings from a 2009 OECD comparative study, “Value for Money”. JEL classification: H830. Keywords: New public management; NPM; public administration; Dunleavy; public governance reform; value for money.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 12 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Directive Establishing a Community Framework for the Nuclear Safety of Nuclear Installations: The EU Approach to Nuclear Safety
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 25-36
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: La sûreté nucléaire est, et restera, une priorité absolue pour l’Union européenne (UE). Depuis novembre 2009, on dénombre 145 centrales nucléaires en service dans 15 États membres de l’Union européenne (ci-après désignés États membres). L’importance de la sûreté nucléaire croît à mesure qu’augmente le nombre d’États membres exprimant un intérêt renouvelé pour l’énergie nucléaire.
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  • 49
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-39
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-39
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Turkey
    Abstract: The effective and efficient use of public resources has vital importance for Turkey. To serve this purpose, public financial management was reformed and a performance budgeting system was launched in Turkey. This article assesses the current situation of the implementation of the performance budgeting system in Turkey from the perspective of public administrations under the general budget. It examines all stages of the performance budgeting process (strategic planning, performance programming, budgeting, accountability reporting and auditing) as well as all elements of the system (legislation, methodology, co.ordination, guidance, ownership, implementation, and factors affecting the process). It identifies the strengths of the system and the problems faced. JEL classification: H110, H610.
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  • 50
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    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 221-336
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 116 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Suède
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 221-336
    Keywords: Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Japan and the United States for the Peer Review meeting on 9 June 2009. The review noted that Sweden was the most generous of all DAC donor countries as a proportion of its national income in 2008. Sweden is a leader in the areas of aid effectiveness and good humanitarian donorship. It has initiated important reforms to bolster the quality of its aid and to make its development efforts more supportive of partner country priorities. Sweden sets an example as a reliable and engaged donor to multilateral organisations but could make its support more strategic. Sweden is ahead of many donors when it comes to making its national policies and actions consistent with its development objectives, but implementation difficulties led to a revised approach, which is promising.
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  • 51
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1-21
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1-21
    Keywords: Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Structural changes and budget constraints are challenging German higher education institutions to change their management practices. This exploratory analysis discusses how institutions are increasing their collaborative efforts – and are doing so in a more structured way – with heterogeneous partners from science, industry and society. Their aim is to diversify their financial base, increase their global reach and excellence, bring into play synergies in regional settings, finance student demand and build joint educational products.
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  • 52
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    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess whether the use of ICT has an impact on student performances as measured in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006. After controlling for observable students’ characteristics and self-selection, we did find a positive and significant effect of the frequency of computer use on science scores. In most countries, however, this effect seems larger when computer is used at home rather than at school. This finding questions the effectiveness of educational policies aimed at promoting computer use at school as a tool for learning.
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  • 53
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    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 43-146
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 104 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Norvège
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 43-146
    Keywords: Development ; Norway
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Canada and the European Commission for the Peer Review on 21 October 2008. Norway is consistently at the forefront of donor efforts to improve the international aid system, as well as its own development policies and programmes. It supports aid effectiveness and its flexible approach to development assistance enables quick reaction to changing situations. Although its flexibility is generally considered a strength, Norway needs to guard against adding too many new priorities to an ever-expanding list of initiatives. Norway aspires to lead on selected cross-cutting issues such as women’s rights, gender equality and the environment but it is still struggling to fully ‘mainstream’ these objectives into programmes and projects.
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  • 54
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    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 153-202
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 50 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Texts
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 153-202
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Italy ; Japan
    Abstract: Cet article présente le texte de la Directive 2009/71/Euratom du Conseil du 25 juin 2009 établissant un cadre communautaire pour la sûreté des installations nucléaires, le Loi italien n° 99 du 23 juillet 2009 sur les Dispositions relatives au développement et à l’internationalisation des entreprises, en particulier dans le secteur de l’énergie, les lois japonaise sur la réparation des dommages nucléaires (Loi n° 147 de 1961) et sur les conventions d’indemnisation relatives à la réparation des dommages nucléaires(Loi n° 148 de 1961), et le Décret japonis d’application de la Loi sur la réparation des dommages nucléaires (Décret n° 44 de 1962 pris en Conseil des ministres).
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  • 55
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Bologna reform eulogies and protests tend to focus on the benefits and shortcomings of the new two-tier curricula, their implementation and orientation. In this article, an assessment of the Bologna reforms is made in terms of their larger and less widely discussed systemic and institutional effects - which go far beyond the original reformers’ intentions. Apart from the introduction of new degree structures, the two Bologna reform dimensions which have been most readily adopted and dynamically implemented are the overhaul of Europe’s quality assurance system and the recent reforms of doctoral education. In contrast, the visionary goals of using learning outcomes and competencies as the structuring principle of all curricula in order to ensure greater transparency and reliability, and of promoting student-centred learning, have only been adopted by few countries and institutions. However, the Bologna reforms have also had a range of unintended effects on systems and institutions that often go unnoticed when discussing their impact on European higher education. These include redefining the relationship between institutional profiles, strengthening central institutional leadership and mobilising horizontal communication within institutions. Sybille Reichert, Reichert Consulting: Policy and Strategy Development in Higher Education, Switzerland
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  • 56
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    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 111-132
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 111-132
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper proposes an indicator for detecting business cycles turning points incorporating mixed frequency business survey data. It is based on a hidden Markow-Switching model and allows for the detection of regime changes in a given economy where information is displayed monthly, bimonthly and quarterly. Adapting existing indicators such as Hamilton (1989) and Gregoir and Lenglart (2000) to this frequency mix constitutes the main contribution of the present work. The proposed methodology is applied to the French economy. Using balances from different business surveys, this indicator measures the probability of being in an accelerating or a decelerating phase. The indicator is compared over the past with a reference dating established upon the business cycle component of GDP e xtracted by a Christiano-Fitzerald filter. It exhibits quite clearly and timely regimes changes of the French outlook. In this case the mixed frequency methodology adapted from Gregoir and Lengart yields better performance than the Hamilton-based indicator. Considering the adequacy with the reference dating over the past, the French turning point index (TPI) provdies an accurate signal on the current outlook.
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  • 57
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    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 109-127
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 109-127
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: OECD countries receive a little less than half (97 million in 2000) of the world’s total migrants, of which 3.8 million are from Northern Africa and 1.2 million are from West Africa. West African migration is on the rise, due mainly to an increase in intra-regional mobility (7.5 million). Within the OECD, North America receives the most West African migrants, followed by Europe. This article explores further some current trends in West African migration and outlines some of the issues that could affect this migration in the future, including climate change and demographic concerns in Europe. A European-North African-West African dialogue is proposed to address these future issues and help promote more structured means of cooperation.
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  • 58
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-19
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-19
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This paper outlines the need for adopting a more scientific approach to specifying and assessing academic standards in higher education. Drawing together insights from large-scale studies in Australia, it advances a definition of academic standards, explores potential indicators of academic quality and looks at approaches for setting standards. As learner outcomes need to be placed at the forefront of work on academic standards, this paper concludes by exploring the implications of this position for student assessment and institutional change.
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  • 59
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    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 35-65
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 31 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Independence of the Nuclear Regulator: Notes from the Canadian Experience
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 35-65
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada
    Abstract: Le licenciement de Linda Keen, présidente et premier dirigeant de la Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire, a provoqué, au Canada et au niveau international, un large débat sur l’indépendance de l’autorité de réglementation nucléaire canadienne. Mme Keen a été congédiée alors que la crise liée à la pénurie mondiale d’isotopes médicaux provoquée par la fermeture du réacteur de recherche de Chalk River dans l’Ontario était à son apogée. Selon les termes de son permis, le réacteur devait disposer de deux pompes de refroidissement connectées à un système d’alimentation électrique de secours en cas de coupure de courant causée par un événement tel qu’un tremblement de terre. En novembre 2007, le réacteur a été mis à l’arrêt suite à la découverte du fait que les pompes n’étaient pas connectées. Alors que grandissaient les inquiétudes concernant la pénurie d’isotopes médicaux, le gouvernement a pris trois mesures exceptionnelles : dans un premier temps, il a adopté des instructions ; il a ensuite déposé devant le Parlement une loi d’urgence ; et, enfin, a congédié Linda Keen de la présidence de la Commission. Cet article va examiner ces trois mesures et déterminer si elles représentent une interférence injustifiée avec l’indépendance de l’autorité de réglementation nucléaire canadienne.
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  • 60
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    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-25
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article provides estimates of the private Internal Rates of Return to tertiary education for women and men in 21 OECD countries, for the years between 1991 and 2005. IRR are computed by estimating labour market premia on cross-country comparable individual-level data. Labour market premia are then adjusted for fiscal factors and costs of education. We find that returns to an additional year of tertiary education are on average above 8% and vary in a range from 4 to 15% in the countries and in the period under study. IRR are relatively homogenous across genders. Overall, a slightly increasing trend is observed over time. The article discusses various policy levers for shaping individual incentives to invest in tertiary education and provides some illustrative quantification of the impact of policy changes on those incentives.
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  • 61
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 191-206
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 191-206
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Tougher issuance conditions related to the surge in government borrowing needs are the reasons why issuance arrangements have not always been working as efficiently as before the crisis. This prompted debt management offices (DMOs) in the OECD area to review existing issuance policies and procedures. The crisis also had an impact on the use of indicators or guidelines relating to the key risks of the maturity structure of issuance or outstanding debt. Although OECD issuance procedures are likely to differ considerably at the level of technical standards and detailed institutional arrangements, increased integration of global financial markets has encouraged the standardisation of financial instruments and convergence of general issuance procedures. As a result, OECD issuance policies and procedures are broadly similar with a high degree of transparency and predictability. However, in response to tougher issuance conditions, DMOs have implemented changes in existing issuance procedures and policies that may have led to a somewhat greater diversity of primary market arrangements and procedures. The paper also reviews strategies and indicators for the management of the debt portfolio. Although issuance procedures and targets for portfolio management may have become somewhat more opportunistic in some jurisdictions, debt managers continue to emphasise the importance of transparency and predictability.
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  • 62
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Peers play a significant role in assessing faculty members’ performance and in determining others’ career outcomes, such as tenure and promotion. However, the literature is fairly silent on how faculty members formulate their impressions of others’ performance. As part of a larger study, this paper explores factors that significantly correlate with peer ratings of research performance and the reliability of peer ratings. Using a random sample of 236 faculty members from a wide range of accredited business schools in the United States, the authors conducted a web-based survey of faculty in business management to examine the predictors of peer ratings of research performance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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  • 63
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 87-115
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 87-115
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper assesses the relative performance of different investment strategies for different structures of the payout phase. In particular, it looks at whether the specific glide-path of life-cycle investment strategies and the introduction of dynamic features in the design of default investment strategies affect significantly retirement income outcomes. The analysis concludes that there is no “one-size-fits-all” default investment option. Life-cycle and dynamic investment strategies deliver comparable replacement rates adjusted by risk. However, life-cycle strategies that maintain a constant exposure to equities during most of the accumulation period, switching swiftly to bonds in the last decade before retirement, seem to produce better results and are easier to explain. Dynamic management strategies can provide somewhat higher replacement rates for a given level of risk than the more deterministic strategies, at least in the case of pay-outs in the form of variable withdrawals. The length of the contribution period also affects the ranking of the different investment strategies with life-cycle strategies having a stronger positive impact the shorter is the contribution period.
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  • 64
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    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 189-192
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travail législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 189-192
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article describes the international nuclear regulatory activities of Euratom and IAEA during 2009.
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  • 65
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 181-187
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 181-187
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The borrowing needs of African governments are increasingly met by issuing marketable debt instruments. Leading practices from OECD governments exert an important influence on debt management and the functioning of markets for sovereign debt instruments. This first issue of the Statistical Yearbook on African Central Government Debt provides comprehensive and consistent information on African central government debt instruments. It includes individual country data but also comparative statistics to facilitate pan-African (cross-country) analysis. JEL Classification: G2, G28, H63 Keywords: African borrowing needs and debt instruments, public debt management, Statistical Yearbook on African Central Government Debt
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  • 66
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 83 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition in bidding markets in October 2006. Competition authorities become interested in auctions by a number of routes. In competition advocacy, they may advise other parts of government on how to design auctions in order to improve their efficiency—the degree of competition. They may evaluate mergers and agreements between firms that operate in auction markets. And they may be concerned with collusion and abuse of a dominant position in auctions. Because their formal rules reduce “noise” and make communication among rivals easier, auctions can promote collusion, compared with ordinary “posted-price” markets. But an auction can be designed to reduce collusion or concerted practices or to promote participation. Thus, the design of an auction can be the object of lobbying pressure. Auctioneers can also behave strategically, choosing auction formats or practices that favour competition. Two fundamental prescriptions for effective auction design follow from the theoretical literature: Induce bidders to truthfully reveal their valuations by making what they pay not depend entirely on what they bid, and maximize the information available to each participant before he bids.
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  • 67
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The procedures commonly employed for quality assurance in higher education are designed as if the endeavour were a technical process, whereas it may be more useful to view it as a political process. For example, quality assurance requires making choices among competing conceptions of quality, and in so doing privileges some interests over others. Moreover, some stakeholders tend to be given a greater voice than others in the design and implementation of quality assurance. The author concludes that rather than denying the political nature of quality assurance, it would be better to accept Morley’s claim that quality assurance is “a socially constructed domain of power”, and design procedures for it in a way that is appropriate for a political process. It is suggested that employing the “responsive model” of evaluation could make quality assurance more effective in improving educational quality. In the responsive model, evaluation is deemed to be a collaborative process that starts with the claims, concerns and issues put forth by all stakeholders.
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  • 68
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    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 113-146
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décret législatif définissant les règles à respecter pour la construction de nouvelles unités
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 113-146
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: This article presents the text of the Italian Decree setting out rules for the siting, construction and operation of nuclear installations of 23 July 2009.
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  • 69
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 209-263
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 209-263
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper discusses the financial systems of OECD Enhanced Engagement Countries (EE5: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa). Rather than providing a comprehensive survey of each financial system, it is designed to highlight some of the salient features of EE5 financial systems, emphasising those aspects of the system that these countries have in common and those that are different from those in OECD countries. While there are significant differences among EE5 countries, this group shares some distinctive characteristics. EE5 have relatively lower financial assets/GDP ratios and their financial intermediation remains relatively bank dominated and less international. Equity markets have reached proportions comparable to those of OECD countries, but fixed income markets (especially private debt markets) remain relatively backward. At the same time, the financial systems of EE5 countries have been developing rapidly supported by steady reforms. Going forward, many institutions outside OECD countries are likely to become bigger players in financial markets, and the emergence of large asset holdings, rising shares of world equity and bond markets and the emergence of powerful financial institutions in new regions of the world are likely to influence the contours of the world financial system in years to come.
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  • 70
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 7-73
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 7-73
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competitive effects of land use restrictions in February 2008. Land use restrictions often serve valuable social purposes. The benefits of particular policies for land use must be balanced against the costs, though. The social harms that can arise when land use restrictions create “entry barriers” are rarely considered explicitly. Land use restrictions can raise the price and reduce supply of a broad range of real estate and, by preventing new and innovative stores from opening, reduce shopping options available to consumers. More careful integration of policy on land use restrictions with competition policy could benefit consumers and many entrepreneurs and reduce the likelihood that public or private restrictions will lead to supply scarcity. This roundtable examines competition problems affecting commercial construction and use permits, geographic density tests, adverse impact tests, access condition to rights of ay and private restrictions on land use. Steps are identified for improving public policies towards land use restrictions.
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  • 71
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 267-321
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 267-321
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The structure and operation of the financial system have undergone marked changes in the past couple of decades, driven by dramatic improvements in technology, rapid product innovation, integration of financial systems, competition in financial services, and policy, regulatory, and trade reforms. These developments have led to a dynamic, sophisticated, and global financial services arena which fostered economic growth. Yet, the financial and economic crisis has brought to the fore many inappropriate or ill-adapted elements of our approach to financial regulation. The crisis has forced us to think hard about the financial system: how it works, the objectives it should fulfil, and the tools and policies to help shape it. The Policy Framework for Effective and Efficient Financial Regulation, supported by General Guidance and a High-Level Checklist, is a tool that can support ongoing efforts by policymakers, regulators, and supervisors to achieve a stronger, more resilient financial system. It is not meant to substitute for the more focused, micro-prudential principles and guidelines of international standard-setting bodies. But it can guide our strategic thinking and promote governmental leadership and action so that the financial system can play its vital role in the functioning of the economy, both domestically as well as globally. The Policy Framework, including the General Guidance and High-Level Checklist, is the product of work by the Committee on Financial Markets and the Insurance and Private Pensions Committee, and was the subject of a broad public consultation. The Policy Framework challenges policy makers to think about the fundamentals of financial regulation in a globalised financial system. It also invites them to improve their understanding of the financial system and work in close cooperation with other countries to develop proper tools and instruments so that public policy objectives are met. I hope that policymakers will use the Policy Framework in setting national policy and in working with international partners.
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  • 72
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 1-15
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 1-15
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: OECD governments are facing ongoing, unprecedented challenges in raising smoothly large volumes of funds at lowest possible cost, while balancing refinancing-, repricing- and interest rate risks. Amidst continued uncertainty about the pace of recovery as well as the timing and sequencing of the steps of the exit strategy, gross borrowing needs of OECD governments are expected to reach almost USD 16 trillion in 2009, up from an earlier estimate of around USD 12 trillion. The tentative outlook for 2010 shows a stabilising borrowing picture at around the level of USD 16 trillion. A looming additional challenge is the risk that when the recovery gains traction, yields will start to rise. Although there are signs that issuance conditions are becoming tougher, most OECD debt managers have been successful in financing the surge in funding needs. Less successful auctions can therefore best be interpreted as “single market events” and not as unambiguous evidence of systemic market absorption problems. The future could become more challenging though, given that rising issuance is occurring in tandem with increasing overall debt levels and debt service costs. In response, sovereign debt managers, with the essential support of the fiscal authorities, need to implement a timely and credible medium-term exit strategy to avoid future "crowding out" and systemic issuance problems, while reducing government borrowing costs.
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  • 73
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    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 83-96
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 14 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Temelín-Judgement of the European Court of Justice
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 83-96
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Le 27 octobre 2009, la Cour de justice des communautés européennes (CJCE) a rendu une décision historique dans l’affaire dite CEZ au sujet de l’exploitation de la centrale nucléaire de Temelín en République tchèque. La centrale nucléaire de Temelín a longtemps entaché la relation de voisinage entre l’Autriche et la République tchèque, par implication non seulement des communautés locales, mais aussi d’hommes politiques de haut niveau, de membres du Parlement et des institutions européennes. Pour le monde extérieur, il est en effet difficile d’appréhender le fait que le credo antinucléaire fait partie de l’identité autrichienne. C’est dans le cadre de cette relation tendue que l’affaire, dont le jugement est analysé dans la présente étude, a été portée devant la CJCE.
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  • 74
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    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 31-54
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 31-54
    Keywords: Economics ; Bangladesh ; India ; Pakistan
    Abstract: Between 2008 and 2030 the economy of South Asia is expected to grow at an average of 5% per annum. Such growth rates can only be sustained if adequate supplies of manpower are available. The projected increases in population could lead to a pattern of emigration followed by return, thereby propagating temporary migration – particularly of the younger cohorts – from South Asia to the OECD, unless the higher education sectors of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh absorb them for quality education and equip them with the skills that their own labour markets require. While the male-female distribution is expected to be roughly the same in all three countries by 2030, India has been projected to enjoy a “demographic dividend” while facing a high rate of graduate unemployment co-existing with skill shortages in sectors such as IT, education, health, insurance, heavy engineering, civil aviation, oil and gas.
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  • 75
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    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 7-29
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 4, p. 7-29
    Keywords: Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: CHINA and the Philippines are among the top 10 main sending countries to OECD countries. Population growth is still high in the Philippines, which will likely exert strong pressure for emigration if economic opportunities in the country do not keep up. In China and Indonesia population growth has been reduced to replacement or below replacement levels, thereby reducing future emigration pressure. Recent economic success, if continued, would likely reduce emigration on condition that in China the distribution of benefits from its economic growth is more equitable; that Indonesia is able to generate more employment-intensive economic growth; and that the Philippines is able to extricate itself from its long history of boom-bust economic growth. There are pockets of ethnic unrest that are currently mainly dormant, but should they escalate, they will most likely have an impact on emigration to nearby countries. A large portion of the population in the region lives in coastal areas, making them vulnerable to the negative impacts associated with climate change.
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  • 76
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    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-28
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-28
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the euro area GDP growth and unemployment rate forecasts collected in the quarterly ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) over the period 1999Q1–2008Q4. Our results suggest that while SPF forecasts generally appear to be slightly superior to naïve and purely backwardlooking benchmarks, forecast errors nonetheless exhibit a high degree of persistence. In addition, our analysis of the heterogeneity across individual SPF replies suggests that the broad pattern of the individual forecasts is essentially the same as that of the aggregate SPF results. This may refl ect a high degree of commonality in the information available (and not available) to panel members, thus leading them to “get it wrong” (or right) not only in the aggregate, but also individually. In particular, although a small number of forecasters perform substantially above average for some variables and horizons, none does so systematically for all variables and all horizons. Lastly, we have presented and assessed the information about forecast uncertainty provided by the SPF. In line with other studies based on the US SPF, disagreement among panel members does not appear to be a good proxy for overall macroeconomic uncertainty, i.e ., a high degree of consensus is not necessarily an indication of a low level of forecast uncertainty. Our analysis also suggests that, at the individual level, panel members may not fully internalise the overall level of macroeconomic uncertainty. For example, compared with the level of uncertainty indicated by the historical volatility of actual GDP growth and the unemployment rate, the perceptions of individual panel members about uncertainty appear quite low. This possible underestimation of overall uncertainty is much less severe when densities are aggregated across forecasters.
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  • 77
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1-17
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Recent economics literature on offshoring highlights the trend towards the relocation of high-skill jobs to emerging economies. This evolution presents a challenge to the established knowledge economy discourse on which the relationship between higher education, higher skills, higher productivity and higher incomes has been based. This paper identifies some tentative impacts of offshoring for employment and education patterns in OECD countries and argues that the assumptions of the knowledge economy discourse need to be revised. The implications for higher education institutions are considered and three potential strategic responses are presented.
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  • 78
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    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-51
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-51
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Mark-ups can provide valuable information on competitive pressures in various sectors of the economy, reflecting pressures stemming from rules of conduct imposed by regulators as well as those arising from such factors as trade and FDI or increasing consumer demands in terms of price and quality. This study estimates mark-ups for services industries in European OECD members and its novelty is that it i) allows for non-constant returns to scale, ii) jointly estimates mark-ups for all sectors and in all countries and iii) estimates mark-ups at a detailed level of sectoral disaggregation. The estimation is done for the period 1993-2006 and uses firm level data of the Amadeus database. In general, the estimated mark-ups are higher for professional services, real estate, renting and utilities, while they tend to be substantially lower for construction, computer services, retail and wholesale trade and catering. There is also large variation across countries in terms of the sizes of the estimated mark-ups. Competitive pressures according to these mark-ups should be large in the United Kingdom and most Scandinavian countries, and relatively small in Central European countries, Sweden and Italy.
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  • 79
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    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 121-249
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 129 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Austria
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 121-249
    Keywords: Development ; Austria
    Abstract: Cet examen contient les principales conclusions et recommandations du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) ainsi que le rapport établi par le Secrétariat en liaison avec des examinateurs représentant le Luxembourg et la Norvège pour l’examen de l’aide de l’Autriche qui a eu lieu le 29 avril 2009. L’examen a mis en évidence la priorité assignée par l’Autriche à la lutte contre la pauvreté. Par ailleurs, les autorités autrichiennes ont récemment annoncé « un accroissement substantiel des moyens financiers affectés à l’aide humanitaire », nouvelle fort encourageante. La réforme structurelle amorcée en 2004 avec la création de l’AAD a bien avancé. L’Autriche doit continuer de s’employer à porter son rapport APD/RNB à 0.7 % pour 2015. Elle devrait élaborer un plan précis, assorti de cibles annuelles, pour la concrétisation de ses engagements. Conçue à travers des mécanismes participatifs, une politique à moyen terme pourrait contribuer à la formation d’un consensus, qu’elle refléterait, sur la stratégie d’aide de l’Autriche et renforcer l’appropriation de cette dernière dans l’ensemble de l’administration et de la société civile.
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  • 80
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    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 37-69
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Harmonisation of Nuclear Liability in the European Union: Challenges, Options and Limits
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 37-69
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union
    Abstract: De récentes discussions ont précisément identifié les écarts entre les régimes existants de responsabilité nucléaire. La renaissance du nucléaire ou renouveau du nucléaire1 ne peut se limiter à la simple multiplication des centrales nucléaires. Elle doit s’accompagner, en parallèle, de la création et du renforcement des cadres juridiques relatifs à la sûreté nucléaire et la radioprotection, à la sécurité et aux garanties. Comme le souligne l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (OCDE/AEN) dans son ouvrage Perspectives de l’énergie nucléaire 20082
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 30 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Momentum of the European Directive on Nuclear Safety: From the Complexity of Nuclear Safety to Key Messages Addressed to European Citizens
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 5-34
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Dans la lignée des attentes des citoyens, une étape fondamentale a été franchie en 2009, lorsque l’UE a adopté un cadre juridique contraignant pour la sûreté nucléaire, apportant ainsi de la sécurité juridique et fournissant des garanties appropriées pour le public.
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  • 82
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-131
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-131
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition issues in vertical relations for gasoline retailing in October 2008. Gasoline retailing has changed dramatically over the last 25 years. While refiners often still have extensive networks of gasoline retailers, there is also a large independent sector in many countries; A study of the effects of entry by large general retailers finds benefits to consumers; There has been a vigorous debate about whether vertical separation between gasoline stations and upstream entities should be required. It appears that mandating vertical separation is linked with price increases to the ultimate consumers. On the other hand, mandated separation may promote the development of more independent stations. Policy makers often raise concerns about vertical integration in the supply of gasoline. These concerns should be moderated in markets with large independent segments. Even in markets with small independent segments, there are reasons to believe prices will be lower with vertical integration, as this eliminates a double mark-up.
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  • 83
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-17
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: A coincident business cycle indicator for the Milan area is built on the basis of a monthly industrial survey carried out by Assolombarda, the largest territorial entrepreneurial association in Italy. The indicator is extracted from three time series concerning the production level and the domestic and foreign order book as declared by some 250 Assolombarda associates.
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  • 84
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    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 5-23
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 19 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear New Build: New Nuclear Law?
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 5-23
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: En avril 2009, 808 participants et observateurs en provenance de 61 États et sept organisations internationales se sont réunis à Pékin lors d’une Conférence internationale ministérielle consacrée à l’énergie nucléaire au 21e siècle1. Elle a été organisée par l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA) et sponsorisée conjointement par l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (OCDE/AEN). Dans son discours de clôture, le président de la Conférence a souligné que « la conférence prend note des impulsions positives en faveur de l’énergie nucléaire ainsi que des décisions prises par de nombreux pays développés et émergents de recourir à l’énergie nucléaire2 ». Selon le Directeur général de l’AIEA, plus de 60 pays ont exprimé un intérêt à lancer des programmes nucléaires3.
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  • 85
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 173-203
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 173-203
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; El Salvador
    Abstract: The OECD has been active in promoting competition policy among countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and formed a partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank to further this aim. The principal feature of this partnership has been the annual Latin American Competition Forum (LACF), at which senior officials from countries in the region discuss, in roundtable fashion, issues of competition policy of interest to them. Each of the first four Forums featured a peer review of one country in the region. At the fifth Forum held in 2007, work focused on the four Latin American peer review reports which had been produced in the framework of the Latin American Competition Forum (Brazil, Chile, Peru and Argentina) as well as the peer review of Mexico held in the OECD Competition Committee. This work assessed the impact that the peer reviews have had on competition policy and on the competition agencies in the countries concerned. “Peer review” is a core element of OECD work. The mechanisms of peer review vary, but it is founded upon the willingness of a country to submit its laws and policies to substantive questioning by other members of the international community. This process provides valuable insights to the reviewed country and promotes transparency and mutual understanding for the benefit of all.There is an emerging consensus on best practices in competition law enforcement and in applying competition policy principles to regulatory systems. Countries now co-operate regularly in such areas as anticartel enforcement and international mergers. Peer reviews are an important part of this process. The OECD and the IDB are pleased to have participated in this partnership for the promotion of competition policy in Latin America and the Caribbean. This work is consistent with the policies and goals of both organisations. Sound competition policy will promote economic growth and prosperity, bringing benefits to consumers in the region and substantially improving the business climate. Both organisations would like to thank the Government of El Salvador for volunteering to be peer reviewed at the sixth LACF meeting, held in Panama, on 10-11 September 2008. Finally, we want to thank Mr. John Clark, the author of the report, and the many competition officials whose written and oral contributions to the Forum have been so important to its success.
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  • 86
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 7-90
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 7-90
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated energy security and competition policy in February 2007. This roundtable examined the links between competition policy and energy security, with a focus on natural gas. The discussion began by addressing the questions of the meaning and importance of energy security; and the determinants of energy security, particularly as they relate to competition policy. It continued in dealing with gas supply, transportation, and distribution, addressing five aspects that relate to different aspects of energy security: (1) the role of substitutes for natural gas in fostering competitive gas supply; the role of regulation in promoting or inhibiting infrastructure investment; (2) how to promote an adequate level of infrastructure investment; (3) the role of unbundling in fostering competition and promoting energy security; (4) the role of storage capacity in system efficiency and buyer bargaining position; (5) and the determinants of entry into merchant sales of natural gas.
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  • 87
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    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 207-220
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 14 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 207-220
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Cet article présente une liste sélective des accords bilatéraux conclus au cours de la seconde partie de l’année 2009.
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  • 88
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 171-179
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 171-179
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As part of its Borrowing Outlook, the OECD estimates gross short– term government borrowing requirements. The article concludes that all methods for measuring short-term borrowing needs studied here – except one – provide either significantly underestimated or substantially overestimated measures. The article therefore suggests adopting the following measure: Gross Short-Term Marketable Borrowing Requirements is equal to Net Short-Term Borrowing Requirements plus the outstanding amount of the stock of short-term instruments. This new measure (referred to as Method 2 in the study) yields, in principle, meaningful estimates, comparable across different countries. JEL Classification: G15, G18, H63, H68. Keywords: measuring gross short-term borrowing requirements, debt
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  • 89
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 133-183
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 133-183
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Bulgaria’s budget management has seen a series of structural and procedural reforms, including in budget execution, treasury functions, internal audit, and programme and medium-term budgeting. This article discusses the use of modern budgeting techniques in Bulgaria such as top-down budgeting, multi-year budgeting perspectives and the use of performance information in the budget process, and makes recommendations for budget formulation, the role of Parliament, budget execution and management (including organisational questions and the role of municipalities), and accounting and audit.
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  • 90
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-50
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-50
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socio-economic backgrounds as a measure of (in)equality of opportunity in OECD countries and provides insights on the potential role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15-year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality – in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines – while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Despite the difficulty of properly identifying causal relationship, cross-country regression analysis provides insights on the potential for policies to explain observed differences in equity in education.
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  • 91
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: Based on annual data for growth and inflation forecasts for Germany covering the 1970-2007 period and up to 17 different forecasts per year, we test for a possible asymmetry of the forecasters’ loss function and estimate the degree of asymmetry for each forecasting institution using the approach of Elliot et al. (2005). Furthermore, we test for the rationality of the forecasts under the assumption of a possibly asymmetric loss function and for the features of an optimal forecast under the assumption of a generalised loss function. We find evidence of the existence of an asymmetric loss function of German forecasters only in the case of pooled data and a quad-quad loss function. We can reject the hypothesis of rationality of the growth forecasts based on a pooled dataset, but not on data for single institutions. The rationality of inflation forecasts is frequently rejected in the case of single institutions, and also for pooled data.
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  • 92
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 55-89
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 55-89
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This article argues that the expansion of existing and the introduction of new guarantees for financial institutions has been a key element of the policy response to the recent financial crisis. Essentially, the government expanded its role as the provider of the safety net for banks by adopting the function of a guarantor of last resort. Among the various policy response measures, the expansion of guarantees has the benefit of entailing lower upfront fiscal costs relative to other options. Guarantees are not without cost however. Even if they do not generate significant upfront fiscal costs, they create contingent fiscal liabilities. Other potential costs include those arising from distortions to competition and incentives (moral hazard). For example, there may be a perception that similar guarantees will always be made available at low costs. The fact that the expansion of guarantees has not been as closely co-ordinated across borders as might have been desired has resulted in additional costs. To avoid additional costs arising from inconsistencies in exit strategies, close communication and coordination regarding pricing and timing issues is required, especially as a more formal framework for the public provision of insurance would still need to be developed.
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  • 93
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: The balanced growth and stochastic growth theory implies stable consumption-to-output and investment-to-output ratios. It is tested by cointegration techniques for three different German data vintages. Systems cointegration tests are helpful in revealing inconsistencies across vintages. Differencing and rebasing, often used to adjust for benchmark revisions, are generally not sufficient to ensure consistent real-time macroeconomic data. Vintage transformation functions estimated by cointegrating regressions are more flexible. Empirically, the cointegrating property between consumption and output, as well as between investment and output, is often found, whereas the one-to-one relationship is mostly rejected. Moreover, the linear transformation function is helpful in describing the relation between two older final vintages. This function seems to be insufficient if the most recent data collection framework is involved.
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  • 94
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 1-25
    Keywords: Economics ; Peru
    Abstract: I use three non-linear econometric models to identify and analyze business cycles in the Peruvian economy for the period 1980:1-2008:4. The models are the Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model suggested by Teräsvirta (1994), the extended version of the MarkovSwitching model proposed by Hamilton (1989), and the plucking model of Friedman (1964, 1993). The results indicate strong rejection of the null hypothesis of linearity. The majority of models identify quarters concentrated around 1988-1989 and 1990-1991 as recession times. Other important events which happened in the Peruvian economy (natural disaster in 1983, effects of the Asian and Russian crises in 1990s, terrorist activities in 1980s) are not selected except as atypical observations. Most of models also identify the period 1995:1-2008:4 as a very long and stable period of moderate-high growth rates. From the perspective of the Peruvian economic history and from a statistical point of view, the MSIAH(3) model is the preferred model.
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  • 95
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 127-165
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 127-165
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Chinese Taipei
    Abstract: This report, prepared by the Secretariat of the OECD was the basis for a peer review examination of Chinese Taipei at the OECD’s Global Forum on Competition on 9 February, 2006. Competition law in Chinese Taipei has been an important element of the program of economic reforms that moved the economy from centrally directed emphasis on manufacturing and exports to a market-driven emphasis on services and high technology. The competition law follows mainstream practice about restrictive agreements, monopolies and anticompetitive mergers, with a particularly clear statutory basis for concentrating enforcement attention on horizontal collusion. The rules about market deception and unfair practices connect the competition law to consumer interests. There is a risk, though, that rules based on a cultural tradition of fairness might lead to interventions to correct differences in bargaining power, which could dampen competition rather than promote it. The competition enforcement agency, the Fair Trade Commission (FTC), is now a stable, experienced administrative agency. It followed an appropriate sequence in introducing competition policy, emphasising transparency and guidance to encourage compliance before undertaking stronger enforcement measures. General reforms are in process that would clarify the independence of the FTC. To improve enforcement against hard-core cartels, a leniency programme should be adopted, and the special treatment for agreements among small businesses should be limited. Some other aspects of the enforcement tool-kit should be revised, such as the cap on fines and the use of market share as a merger notification test. The most visible regulatory reforms to promote competition have been in telecoms, although an independent regulator for that sector is just now being set up. The government retains holdings in privatised firms that could have implications for market competition, so FTC vigilance about the risk of cross-subsidy or other distortion remains warranted.
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  • 96
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    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 35-63
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'indépendance de l'autorité de réglementation nucléaire : L'expérience canadienne
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 35-63
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada
    Abstract: The firing of Linda Keen as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission provoked considerable debate within Canada and internationally about the independence of the Canadian nuclear regulator. Ms. Keen was dismissed from her position at the height of the crisis over a world-wide shortage of medical isotopes caused by the shut-down of the research reactor in Chalk River, Ontario. Under the terms of its licence, the reactor was required to have two cooling pumps connected to an emergency power supply as a backup in case of a power outage caused by an event such as an earthquake. In November 2007, after it was discovered that the pumps were not connected, the reactor was shut down. As panic over the shortage of medical isotopes grew, the government took three extraordinary measures: first, it issued a directive; second, it introduced emergency legislation in Parliament; and finally, it fired Linda Keen as President of the Commission. This paper examines those three measures and whether they constituted an unwarranted interference with the independence of the Canadian nuclear regulator.
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  • 97
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-42
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-42
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper describes the particular impacts of the financial and economic crisis on Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries; studies pro-cyclicality of fiscal policies; discusses the impact of the crisis on fiscal policy; and takes a look at the policy response of various governments. After drawing some lessons for fiscal policy from previous emerging market crises, the paper concludes with some thoughts on the appropriate policy response from a more normative perspective. The key message of the paper is that the crisis should be used as an opportunity to introduce reforms to avoid future pro-cyclical fiscal policies, to increase the quality of budgeting and to increase credibility. These reforms should include fiscal responsibility laws comprising medium-term fiscal frameworks, fiscal rules and independent fiscal councils. When fiscal consolidation is accompanied by fiscal reforms that increase credibility, non-Keynesian effects may offset the contraction caused by the consolidation to some extent. JEL classification: C32, E62, H60 Keywords: Crisis, budget policy, fiscal policy, Central and Eastern Europe, CEE, CESEE
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  • 98
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-17
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This paper outlines the need for adopting a more scientific approach to specifying and assessing academic standards in higher education. Drawing together insights from large-scale studies in Australia, it advances a definition of academic standards, explores potential indicators of academic quality and looks at approaches for setting standards. As learner outcomes need to be placed at the forefront of work on academic standards, this paper concludes by exploring the implications of this position for student assessment and institutional change.
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  • 99
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1-19
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1-19
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Some governments hit by recession have chosen to invest in higher education as part of long-term economic and social development and international competitiveness agendas; others have opted for a route of cuts, financial stringency and contraction of their higher education systems. This article explores challenges to leadership in the latter context. Different types of institutional responses are examined in terms of three categories: reactive, adaptive and generative, first in terms of the nature of responses and second in relation to three institutional case studies. The higher education responses are then compared with the responses – and associated leadership lessons – that have been compiled from other sectors. Different forms of leadership development are also helping leaders to meet the challenges at individual, team and organisational levels, within and across countries and sectors.
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  • 100
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Worldwide, economic and other factors are pressing institutions of higher education to assess student learning to insure that graduates acquire the skills and competencies demanded in the 21st century. This paper summarises the status of undergraduate student learning outcomes assessment at accredited colleges and universities in the United States. Three-quarters of institutions have established learning outcomes for all their students, a necessary first step in the assessment cycle. Most schools are using a combination of institution-level and programme-level assessments. Quality assurance requirements in the form of regional and specialised accreditation, along with an institutional commitment to improve, are the primary drivers of assessment. While there is considerable assessment activity going on, it does not appear that many institutions are using the results effectively to inform curricular modifications or otherwise to enhance teaching and learning. The paper closes with recommendations for various groups that can advance the assessment and institutional improvement agenda.
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