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  • 2005-2009  (767)
  • 2007  (767)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (767)
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  • 2005-2009  (767)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028210
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2006
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264041301
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264036680
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (354 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Using Market Mechanisms to Manage Fisheries; Smoothing the Path
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Cette étude entend donner un nouvel éclairage sur le principe des instruments de type marché et aider les décideurs à y recourir davantage pour gérer les pêcheries. Les résultats sont tirés d’une enquête sur l’utilisation des instruments de type marché dans les pêcheries de l’OCDE qui met en évidence les principales caractéristiques de ces instruments dans différents pays. A l’issue de l’enquête, force est de constater que la gestion des pêcheries fait en pratique intervenir un large éventail d’instruments de type marché dans les pays de l’OCDE. D’où, le plus souvent, des améliorations en termes d’efficience économique du secteur et de viabilité des stocks de poissons.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264023932
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The New Rural Paradigm; Policies and Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Das neue Paradigma für den ländlichen Raum; Politik und Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El nuevo paradigma rural ; políticas y gobernanza
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: En quoi le nouveau paradigme consiste‑t‑il ? Il a pour principales caractéristiques de mettre l’accent sur les contextes locaux, et non plus sur des secteurs d’activité, ainsi que sur l’investissement et non plus sur les subventions. Le rapport met en évidence les défis nombreux et difficiles que doivent relever les zones rurales. Il montre quel est leur potentiel inexploité et pourquoi les mesures sectorielles ne permettent pas de mettre celui‑ci en valeur. Cet ouvrage récapitule également les principales tendances socio-économiques observées dans les zones rurales des pays de l’OCDE. Enfin, il évoque les besoins qu’engendre cette nouvelle approche transsectorielle de la politique rurale en termes de gouvernance.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264027114
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (401 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Cities in the Global Economy
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les zones urbaines représentent une grande partie de l'économie nationale. Elles affichent un PIB par habitant ainsi que des niveaux de productivité plus élevés que la moyenne nationale. Mais elles souffrent aussi de vastes poches de chômage et de pauvreté et doivent faire face aux phénomènes de congestion, pollution, ou insécurité. Le rapport examine comment les responsables de l'action publique sont amenés à repenser leurs stratégies et leurs politiques afin de permettre à ces « moteurs » de continuer de fonctionner de manière plus harmonieuse. L’ouvrage synthétise les résultats des examens métropolitains de l’OCDE. S’appuyant sur une base de données internationale sans équivalent de 78 régions métropoles, il donne des indications sur les performances des grandes villes dans leur contexte national. Le rapport aborde aussi des dilemmes cruciaux tels que cohésion sociale et compétitivité, relations entre niveaux de gouvernement et finances urbaines.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264031142
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (302 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Belgium 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; Belgium
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Belgique Slovaque évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026278
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entreprises et environnement ; Incitations publiques et réponses des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business and the environment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Japan ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Ungarn ; Norwegen ; Kanada ; USA ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Industriebetrieb ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Umweltpolitik ; Anreizsystem
    Abstract: The analysis of the inner workings of the firm has been largely absent from economic assessments of environmental policy. In an effort to partly fill this vacuum, this book summarises the results of an OECD project which collected and analysed data from over 4,000 facilities in seven OECD countries. Issues addressed include the role of 'flexible' policy instruments in encouraging clean production strategies and environmental research and development; the effectiveness of different environmental policy incentives on the introduction of environmental management systems and tools; and the relationship between environmental and commercial performance.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017795
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; Luxembourg 2007
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le Luxembourg affiche le PIB par habitant le plus élevé de la zone OCDE. Sa croissance économique dynamique depuis de longues années reflète surtout la performance de secteurs comme la finance, dans lesquels le Luxembourg a jusqu’ici réussi à exploiter efficacement des « niches de souveraineté ». Afin d’élargir et de consolider les bases d’une croissance soutenable à long terme, le gouvernement veut promouvoir une diversification de l’économie reposant sur l’exploitation de nouvelles « niches de compétences » par l’innovation.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264013964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corruption dans les marchés publics ; Méthodes, acteurs et contre-mesures
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bestechung im öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen; Methoden, Akteure und Gegenmaßnahmen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El cohecho en las adquisiciones del sector público ; Métodos, actores y medidas para combatirlo
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bribery in public procurement
    DDC: 364.1323
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Korruption ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Öffentliche Beschaffung ; Bestechung
    Abstract: Public works contracts mean big business. From road-building to high-tech communication infrastructure, public procurement averages 15% of GDP in OECD countries--substantially more in non-OECD economies--and it is a major factor in the world trade of goods and services. Given the growing complexity of bribe schemes in today’s globalised markets, the problem is how to identify corruption in public procurement so governments can work toward effective prevention and apply sanctions if necessary. This report provides insights on all three fronts. Based on contributions from law enforcement and procurement specialists, the report describes how bribery is committed through the various stages of government purchasing; how bribery in public procurement is related to other crimes, such as fraud and money laundering; and how to prevent and sanction such crimes. The typical motivations and conduct of the various actors engaging in corruption are also highlighted, as well as ten case studies.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264031562
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Offshoring and Employment; Trends and Impacts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hatzichronoglou, Thomas-George, 1944 - Les délocalisations et l'emploi
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auslandsverlagerung ; Globalisierung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Globalisierung ; Offshoring ; Internationaler Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Les délocalisations, c'est-à-dire le transfert d'activités industrielles à l'étranger, font désormais partie de la vie des entreprises. Toutefois, une grande partie du public les perçoit comme une menace. Les inquiétudes sont concentrées sur l'emploi, notamment sur les pertes potentielles d'emplois sur le marché intérieur. Ce rapport jette un nouveau regard sur le phénomène des délocalisations. Tout d'abord, il le définit de manière détaillée et montre ainsi quelles sont les multiples façons dont une activité industrielle – à la fois dans l'industrie manufacturière et dans les services – peut être transférée à l'étranger. Le rapport décrit les divers effets que les délocalisations ont sur l'emploi, qu’ils soient positifs ou négatifs. Enfin, ce rapport novateur esquisse les conséquences que les délocalisations pourraient avoir sur la politique publique. Il propose des solutions pour en limiter les effets négatifs tout en contribuant à instaurer la confiance entre les divers partenaires sociaux qui travaillent sur cette question.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264014817
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bribery in Public Procurement; Methods, Actors and Counter-Measures
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bestechung im öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen; Methoden, Akteure und Gegenmaßnahmen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El cohecho en las adquisiciones del sector público ; Métodos, actores y medidas para combatirlo
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Qui dit contrats de travaux publics dit souvent réalisations et budgets d’envergure. Les marchés publics représentent en moyenne 15 % du PIB dans les pays de l’OCDE. Étant donné la complexité des méthodes de corruption dans les marchés mondialisés, le problème est de repérer la corruption dans les marchés publics. S'appuyant sur les contributions de magistrats, d'enquêteurs spécialisés et d'experts en matière d'achats publics, ce rapport répond à trois grandes questions: comment les infractions de corruption sont commises aux différentes étapes de la passation des marchés publics; comment la corruption est à mettre en relation avec d’autres infractions telles que la fraude ou le blanchiment; et enfin comment prévenir et sanctionner de telles infractions. Les motivations et comportements des différents acteurs de la corruption sont également mis en lumière. Dix études de cas sont présentées.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264032088
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Korea 2007; Progress in Implementing Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Korea Progress in Implementing Regulatory Reform (Korean version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: La Corée a été l’un des premiers pays à faire partie de la série d’examens de l’OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation. Depuis le premier examen réalisé en 2000, la Corée a fait des efforts vigoureux pour améliorer les conditions de la croissance à long terme et promouvoir la réforme réglementaire, éliminer la paperasserie, renforcer la politique de la concurrence et l’ouverture des marchés. Le gouvernement coréen a aussi modernisé le cadre réglementaire pour les technologies de l’information, domaine dans lequel la Corée figure parmi les pays de l’OCDE les plus avancés. Cet ouvrage évalue les progrès accomplis depuis 2000 et tire des enseignements du processus de mise en œuvre de la réforme réglementaire. Il met également en lumière les réponses possibles aux défis actuels. Ceux-ci incluent les demandes émanant d’une société vieillissante, les besoins sociaux futurs et le développement du capital humain. Cette étude comprend un nouveau chapitre consacré à l’enseignement supérieur, domaine dans lequel des améliorations du cadre réglementaire peuvent apporter des bénéfices significatifs pour l’innovation future et la productivité.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025394
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264006638
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Développement de l'énergie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in Nuclear Energy Technology
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: L'innovation a été un élément majeur dans le déploiement réussi de l'énergie nucléaire et demeure essentielle aujourd'hui pour son avenir durable. Dans la mesure où l'énergie nucléaire est une option intéressante pour assurer la diversité et la sécurité de l'approvisionnment énergétique et pour lutter contre le risque de réchauffement planétaire, la façon de poursuivre l'innovation dans ce domaine est une question importante pour l'industrie et les gouvernments intéressés. Ce rapport présente un panorama de l'état de l'art concernant les systèmes actuels d'innovation dans le domaine nucléaire, notamment ses axes majeurs, ses principaux acteurs, ses cadres institutionnels et juridiques et l'infrastructure pour la gestion des compétences et des programmes. Il propose également des recommendations stratégiques formulées à partir de rapports et d'études de cas fournis par les pays participants.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264034174
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education and Regions; Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Educación Superior y las Regiones ; Globalmente Competitivas, Localmente Comprometidas
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cette publication explore tout un éventail de mesures et de réformes institutionnelles utiles. Elle s’appuie sur l’examen de 14 régions dans 12 pays, ainsi que sur les examens territoriaux de l’OCDE. Elle analyse l’implication régionale de l’enseignement supérieur dans le domaine de la formation, de la recherche et des services aux collectivités locales. Elle apporte des réponses aux questions suivantes : qu’est-ce que l’engagement régional ? Comment se renforce-t-il et quels sont les facteurs qui le freinent ? Qu’est-ce que cela implique pour la gouvernance et la gestion des institutions d’enseignement supérieur, pour les régions et les gouvernements centraux ? Enfin, comment les missions régionales s’intègrent-elles dans les stratégies de recherche de l’excellence académique à l’échelle internationale ?
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264037502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (177 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducir el papeleo. Comparación internacional de las cargas administrativas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Comparing administrative burdens across countries
    DDC: 342.066
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bürokratie ; Befolgungskosten ; Straßengüterverkehr ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Canada ; Denmark ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Sweden ; Turkey ; Verkehrsbetrieb ; Bürokratie ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cutting red tape to improve business conditions has become a priority in OECD countries. This pilot study measures and compares administrative burdens in the transport sector across eleven member countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and Turkey. The aim of the exercise is twofold: to identify good practices and provide input for national simplification strategies, and to develop and test a method for cross-country comparison. This report is published in English only. However, a French translation of the executive summary has been included in this volume.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264037632
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Second Edition, Revised and Updated
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise; Une perspective historique, 960-2030 AD, Deuxième édition, révisée et mise à jour
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Maddison, Angus, 1926 - 2010 Chinese economic performance in the long run
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; China ; Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries. It uses a comparative approach to explain why China’s role in the world economy has changed so dramatically in the last thousand years. It concludes that China is likely to resume its natural role as the world’s largest economy by the year 2015, thus regaining the position it had held until 1890. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for each table and graph, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format. Except for Appendix A, this edition has been revised and updated and Chapter 4 is completely new. "..ambitious in scope and packed with facts. Highly recommended." -Choice "The book is a must for anyone who wants to understand the past and the future of the Chinese economy." -Justin Yifu Lin, Founding Director, China Center for Economic Research, Peking University. "This second edition is a very impressive and important contribution to a subject that has deep significance for the world economy." -Professor Lawrence Klein, Nobel Laureate. "A welcome update to a dazzling essay." -Nicholas Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute. "This review of a millenium of Chinese economic history and its implications for the future of China and the World is a remarkable achievement. A must read for anyone interested in China." -Dwight H. Perkins, Harvard University. "A great masterpiece in the field of economic history, the shoulders of a giant on which new generations of scholars from all over the world will stand. We Chinese scholars will benefit as greatly from this second edition as we have from the first." -Li Bozhong, Professor of History, Tsinghua University, Beijing. Angus Maddison is Emeritus Professor of Economic Growth and Development at the University of Groningen. He held a number of senior posts at OEEC and OECD between 1953 and 1978, and has been a policy advisor to governments in Brazil, Ghana, Greece, Mexico and Pakistan. He is the author of 20 books on the long run performance of nations, and their interactions within the world economy. He has built up an international network of scholars working in this field. He is a fellow of the British Academy, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Science, and an honorary fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264038226
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gestion des ressources humaines dans l'administration publique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government; Belgium 2007; Brussels-Capital Region, Federal Government, Flemish Government, French Community, Walloon Region
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: Cet examen de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) dans les administrations publiques en Belgique fournit un diagnostic détaillé ainsi que des solutions à même d'améliorer la gestion du personnel des administrations publiques dans certaines régions. Cet examen de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) dans les administrations publiques en Belgique est le premier examen national réalisé par l'OCDE sur ce thème. Son but est de fournir un diagnostic détaillé ainsi que des solutions à même d'améliorer la gestion du personnel des administrations publiques dans l'Administration fédérale, l’Administration flamande, la Communauté française, la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et la Région wallonne. L'examen compare les politiques et les pratiques entre la Belgique et les autres pays membres de l'OCDE d'une part et entre les différentes entités de gouvernement en Belgique d'autre part. Les recommandations portent sur la nécessaire réforme du cadre d'emploi intergouvernemental afin d'en supprimer les rigidités et d'améliorer la coopération, sur l'attention qu'il faudra porter à la productivité du personnel et à son efficacité, et enfin, sur l'amélioration de la gouvernance des systèmes de gestion des ressources humaines.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264037243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Progress in policy reforms to improve the investment climate in South East Europe
    RVK:
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Investitionsklima ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Romania ; Serbia ; Südosteuropa ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Investitionsförderung
    Abstract: This report constitutes one of the pillars of the Investment Compact’s work. It provides governments with an overview of each country's performance on investment policy reform and will support them in setting priorities and further improving the investment environment. It is based on the Investment Reform Index (IRI), a novel tool used to measure – on a comparative basis – where countries stand on policy reform.The IRI is based on a broad and comprehensive approach to investment policy. It encompasses all major policy areas that affect the investment environment, including anticorruption,competition, tax, trade policy, regulatory reform and human capital.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264024090
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Cities; A New Entrepreneurial Paradigm in Spatial Development
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Japan ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: La mondialisation de l’économie et l’intensification de la concurrence intervilles qui s’ensuivit ont profondément changé la gouvernance des régions urbaines. Ceci est particulièrement clair dans le domaine de l’aménagement du territoire. Ce changement est souvent décrit comme l’évolution d’un mode de gouvernance managériale, dont le principal souci est de mettre concrètement les services publics à la disposition des citoyens, à celui de l’entrepreneurialisme. L’entrepreneurialisme se caractérise surtout par la prise de risque, l’innovation, par l’importance qu’il attache au secteur privé, ainsi que par des approches stratégiques favorisant la croissance économique. Cette étude fait le tour des problèmes que l’entrepreneurialisme urbain devra surmonter pour maintenir et renforcer sa légitimité en ce XXIe siècle. En effet, les responsables de la politique de la ville devront répondre à un éventail de plus en plus large de préoccupations sociales, environnementales et culturelles, en même temps qu’économiques.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264041271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Modernising social policy for the new life course
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift 2007 ; OECD ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialpolitik ; Anpassung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    Abstract: This seminar proceedings examines whether the current designs of social protection systems in OECD societies are well-suited to contemporary life-course realities. It looks in detail at recent policy developments in OECD countries to develop more flexible time-based social policies, as well as related issues, such as asset-based welfare programmes, as well as policies to encourage redistribution of income and/or time over the life course and how these might be structured most effectively.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264038189
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work; Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 2); Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Luxembourg ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Trop de travailleurs quittent pour toujours le marché du travail pour raison de santé. Et trop de personnes affectées d’un handicap se voient refuser la possibilité de travailler. C’est une tragédie à la fois sociale et économique qui frappe pratiquement l’ensemble des pays de l’OCDE. Ce rapport analyse les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer ce paradoxe. Les auteurs s’intéressent plus particulièrement aux cas de l’Australie, de l’Espagne, du Luxembourg et du Royaume-Uni et mettent en lumière le rôle des institutions et des politiques. Cet ouvrage recommande un éventail de réformes susceptibles de répondre aux défis auxquels ces quatre pays font face.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264029293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (265 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Giguère, Sylvain Baltic partnerships
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftsintegration ; Baltische Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ostseeraum ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Regionale Kooperation ; Governance
    Abstract: The Baltic Sea Region is rapidly becoming one of the world’s more competitive regions. The region is capitalising on its strengths and making the most of its diversity to stimulate innovation, build a strong pool of skilled labour and foster entrepreneurship. A deep spirit of co-operation and integration has led the Baltic Sea countries to set up ambitious governance frameworks to pursue economic development objectives jointly from Oslo to St. Petersburg. Yet major challenges at the local level lie ahead for the Eastern shores of the Baltic, where economic transition still needs to be accompanied by more innovative strategic planning, new forms of governance and dynamic civic entrepreneurship. Policies will need to be made more adaptable and capacities will need to be strengthened if prosperity and living standards are to increase on the Baltic Rim. Fortunately, the Baltic Sea Region includes some of the world’s most innovative countries. From Denmark to Finland, the Region possesses a breadth of experience in facilitating policy co-ordination, adjusting policy to local conditions and involving business and civil society in shaping policy measures. There is a great deal that other countries can learn from this experience in setting up partnerships, regional strategic frameworks and other forms of governance. The learning process has already started, with the Baltic Rim becoming a unique laboratory for governance. This book analyses the new governance developments in the Baltic States and Northwest Russia and provides suggestions on how to speed up this progress. It is essential reading for all stakeholders in the Baltic Sea Region and for those elsewhere wishing to apply emerging lessons to their region of the world.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Protecting pensions
    RVK:
    Keywords: Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; OECD ; Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; Pensionskasse ; Finanzierung ; Sicherung ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Pension fund members across OECD countries have seen the loss or reduction of pension benefits in recent years. This has been associated with declining assets and increasing liabilities, with accounting and regulation changes crystallising these problems. Consequently, the issue of how to protect pension benefits has returned as a major topic of policy debate for many governments and for the pension industry worldwide. OECD countries have responded in different ways: Re-examining and altering accounting and funding rules; Strengthening or introducing pension benefit guarantee schemes; and Looking at the related issue of whether pension benefits should receive protection in bankruptcy and insolvency procedures. Finally, debate has also focused on whether pension fund related risks can or should be shared, with guarantees for insured or pension products attracting renewed attention. This volume looks at various methods of protecting pension benefits. It provides in-depth information on the application of these methods in OECD countries and analyses their advantages and drawbacks. Methods of risk sharing amongst pension fund beneficiaries, providers and sponsors are discussed through an analysis of insured pension contracts and of the pension systems in place in Denmark and Iceland. This publication offers unique international comparative and analytical data for policy makers and pension industry participants globally.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264033672
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evidence in education
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Wissensmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Pädagogik ; Politikberatung ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Education policies and systems in all OECD countries are coming under increasing pressure to show greater accountability and effectiveness and it is crucial that educational policy decisions are made based on the best evidence possible. This book brings together international experts on evidence-informed policy in education from a wide range of OECD countries. The report looks at the issues facing educational policy makers, researchers, and stakeholders – teachers, media, parents – in using evidence to best effect. It focuses on the challenge of effective brokering between policy makers and researchers, offers specific examples of major policy-related research, and presents perspectives from several senior politicians. This book provides a fresh outlook on key issues facing policy makers, researchers and school leaders today
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.589
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents cross-section estimates of gross hourly wage premia on tertiary education. They are based on a unified framework for 21 OECD countries from the 1990s to the early 2000s and use international household surveys to maximise international comparability. The results of the “augmented” Mincerian wage equations point to an average hourly gross wage premium on completed tertiary education of 55% in 2001 (country-gender average), translating into a premium of close to 11% per annum of tertiary education. Wage premia display little variation over time but huge cross-country variation: at 6% they are lowest in Greece and Spain (men and women) as well as in Austria and Italy (women) while reaching 14%-18% in Hungary, Portugal, and in most Anglo-Saxon countries. Given that the wage premium is the single most important driver of private returns to education, the results presented here have potentially important implications for policies that aim at increasing investment in human capital.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.53
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Zones franches d'exportation : leur rôle passé et futur dans les échanges et le développement
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper studies export processing zones (EPZs) which have become increasingly popular as a policy tool for development and export-oriented growth, and can be found in 130 countries around the world. The report consists of four parts. Part I provides a broad overview on the current use of EPZs, including the evolution of EPZ policy, their objectives and how these are achieved, and the incentives commonly offered. It presents case studies from China, India and Russia illustrating new trends and policies. Part II then provides a review of the economic costs and benefits of EPZs with particular focus on their trade and employment implications. Part III presents an analysis of how common EPZ policies relate to trade rules. It reviews the relationship between EPZs and the WTO Agreements such as the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), followed by a discussion of how EPZs are commonly treated in RTAs. Part IV concludes. EPZs are a sub-optimal policy from an economic point of view since it benefits the few and distorts resource allocation, but may be useful as a stepping stone to trade liberalisation on a national basis. Governments should consider all available policy options, and conduct a thorough cost/benefit analysis before implementation.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 505 ; Résidus dans les animaux d'élevage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 505 : Résidus dans les animaux d'élevage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The residues in Livestock studies are conducted in order to quantify levels of residues in meat, milk, eggs and edible meat by-products following the use of a pesticide product. The situations to which such studies apply include application of a pesticide to raw agricultural commodities (RACs), and the feeding by livestock; pesticides that may be directly applied to livestock; and pesticides that are used in livestock premises. The primary purposes of the Residues in Livestock study are to provide: the basis for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) and for conducting dietary intake assessments for consumer safety. Separate feeding studies should be conducted for a ruminant (lactating dairy cows) and poultry (egg-laying hens). The test substance(s) should be applied daily (during at least 28 days) preferably by capsule. A Residues in Livestock study will normally comprise 3 different dose levels, 1X, 3X and 10X. Three animals per dose group (and one for the control) should be used for ruminants. For hens 9-10 animals per dose group (and 3 to 4 animal for control per study) should be used. The study report should include: daily feed consumption, bodyweights measurement, milk or egg production and analyse (after and before dosing), detailed observations (health problems…) and tissues analyse.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789282103814
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Links between Europe and Asia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les liaisons de transport entre l'Europe et l'Asie
    Keywords: Transport
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 193 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux mesurer l'administration publique
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This Working Paper compiles a set of recent comparable OECD data on revenues, inputs, and public sector processes and proposes a way forward in data collection. It is the first of three annual Working Papers as the Public Governance and Territorial Development (GOV) Directorate of the OECD builds up to the first publication of a major biennial publication, “Government at a Glance”, in late 2009. It is accompanied by a volume entitled “Measuring Government Activities” (OECD, forthcoming) that sets out the proposed approach and that poses technical alternatives for expert review and comment. The first part of this volume provides a comprehensive exposition of the proposed data classification and analysis.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/14
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This concluding paper discusses key aspects of the five research papers presented at this Roundtable in terms of their policy applications. It notes problems concerning how policy makers make use of economic analysis findings, and then summarizes the breadth of macro-, meso- and micro-economic methods in terms of their predictive use for infrastructure assessment and planning. It then examines tradeoffs and limitations among all the methods that affect their policy application, and it identifies directions needed to enhance the applicability of future economic models for policy makers.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.36
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelle politique de réendettement pour les pays africains après une decennie de remise de dette?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The total amount of debt relief accorded to African countries in the framework of the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative is expected to reach $43 billion concerning 33 countries. The 15 African countries presently qualified for this Initiative will benefit from restored creditworthiness. Moreover, faced with considerable financing needs, African countries are prepared to take on new debts. Development partners can support this process of re-indebtedness provided that they employ extremely concessional, even counter-cyclical lending instruments, and also by strengthening co-ordination within the Debt Sustainability Framework.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.551
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: To help policymakers form a judgment on inflation risks and the required monetary policy stance the OECD has developed an analytical framework based on a set of 'eclectic' Phillips curves estimated for the two largest OECD economies, the United States and the euro area, which is presented in this paper. This framework is used in the preparation of the Economic Outlook to explain recent developments in core inflation, excluding food and energy, based on developments in measures of economic slack (the output gap), spill-over effects from energy prices onto core inflation and lagged responses to past inflation via expectations formation. The fact that the knock-on effects from energy shocks onto core inflation appear small in comparison with the 1970s can be explained by the secular fall in energy intensity, a low and stable rate of 'mean inflation' -- to which observed inflation reverts after a shock has worked its way through -- and persistent slack in the aftermath of the bursting of the dotcom bubble.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.56
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: French migration policy is at a crossroads. In the face of an emerging global labour market for highly qualified persons and of labour shortages in certain economic sectors, France must aim for a greater diversification of its migration flows, with respect to entry categories, regions of origin and type of migration, at the same time as it continues to combat irregular migration and the illegal employment of foreign nationals. This will require getting the right mix of selected and non-selected migrants, of temporary and permanent migrants, of high-skilled and low-skilled, and more generally of openness and control. To succeed, France must co-operate actively and effectively with both its European partners and countries of origin. But if France is to remain a land of welcome, it must also necessarily better integrate immigrants and their offspring.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2007, 2
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Several studies have analysed the characteristics of the knowledge society, as well as its impact on the production of "official" statistics. In this paper we will not enter into this debate, but we will try to analyse the role of statistics in building a knowledge society and improving the democratic control of policy makers. This issue is especially important because the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) dramatically reduced the cost of producing statistics: therefore, nowadays a huge number of organisations is able to produce statistical figures and indices, frequently picked up by media, just for advocacy purposes and this contributes to create a sense of "confusion" often reported by citizens about the real state of the economy and of the society. This "noise" does not help at all citizens to make the best possible choices, including the electoral ones, and this is not a good thing for the functioning of economic markets and the democracy. The paper initially analyses the relationships between information, expectations and economic theory, as well as the nexus between information and political sciences. In the second part, various approaches to the measurement of societal progress and the role of "key indicators" are presented and analysed. Moreover, theoretical models and empirical evidence about what citizens know on societal progress are discussed. Finally, the OECD project on the measurement of societal progress is presented.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.585
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: The average educational attainment of US students is weak by international comparison. For example, mean results of PISA test scores are below the OECD average. This is despite substantial resources devoted to the schooling system. One partial explanation for this is that academic standards, curriculum and examinations are not sufficiently challenging in most US states. In 2001, Congress enacted the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) to raise achievement levels, especially of certain groups that perform badly. The Act requires states to establish clear content standards as to what students should know, to regularly assess performance and to set thresholds for adequate yearly progress; it also requires schools where students are failing to meet such thresholds to improve or close, while enhancing options for parents of children in such schools to place their children elsewhere. The law appears to be well conceived, addressing key problems in a sensible manner. Preliminary indications are consistent with it raising school performance and closing achievement gaps. The NCLB legislation should therefore be reauthorised. Moreover, the NCLB framework of standards, assessment and accountability should be extended through upper secondary education. That said, there are a number of areas in which improvements could be made. Though the federal government cannot set standards, it could strengthen incentives for more states to make their standards more challenging. As well, the federal government should help states and districts to better test student achievement and assess progress.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 103 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.4
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This report presents detailed results on the quality of regulatory management systems, following the survey conducted in 2005-6. The goal of this report is to compare regulatory quality assurance systems; to measure progress and understand trends over time across countries, and to identify general patterns of regulatory management practice. Following initial discussions over the survey instrument in 2005, they survey was circulated in June 2005 and the results, corresponding to 2005, were then collected with final submissions received in Spring 2006. This paper has been revised following comments received from delegates in the Autumn 2006 and Spring 2007. The current set of results also links to previous regulatory governance indicators collected by the OECD in 1998 and 2000. Some of the early phase issues in terms of checks and a correction of the understanding of the concepts led to a revision of previous 1998 estimates. Therefore, this report is based on the corrected results for 1998 and 2000 received from the countries that had been surveyed then. These results also feed into the OECD Project on “Management in Government” (OECD (2007), “Towards Better Measurement of government”, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, 2007/2, OECD Publishing. Doi:110.1787/301575636734). This paper restricts itself to a descriptive presentation of the materials collected. Further methodological work will be undertaken as this project evolves to conduct more technical statistical analysis and build aggregated indicators. This work benefited from insights and comments from OECD colleagues. The authors are particularly grateful to Rolf Alter, Josef Konvitz, Glen Hepburn and Nick Manning for their comments, as well as to Peter Ladegaard who participated in some of the initial work. The authors are also indebted to Sander Wagner for statistical assistance.
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.41
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: This study provides a comparative analysis of the public procurement review and remedies systems of Member States. Twenty-four separate overviews of public procurement systems in the 24 participating Member States were produced on the basis of national responses to a detailed questionnaire. An in-depth review of these country system overviews provided the comparative analysis portion of this study.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swedish pharmaceutical sector, assesses the degree to which Sweden has achieved certain policy goals, and puts forth some key findings and conclusions. Thanks to low mark-ups in the distribution chain and no VAT for prescribed medicines, Sweden's public prices for pharmaceuticals are relatively low, in contrast to average prices received by manufacturers, which are among the highest in Europe. Recent reforms have helped to restrain pharmaceutical expenditure growth, following a period of double digit growth in the 1990s. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita in Sweden is lower than the OECD average. Only five OECD countries devote less of their national income to pharmaceuticals. What limited evidence exists tends to suggest that relatively low pharmaceutical expenditures in Sweden are due to its low public prices, rather than to low levels of consumption. Sweden introduced a new pricing and reimbursement scheme in 2002. Its main features are the use of cost-effectiveness analysis for determining the reimbursement status of new pharmaceuticals and mandatory substitution of the lowest-cost generic alternative. The use of cost-effectiveness analysis in reimbursement decisions helps to relate the reimbursement price paid to the social value of the product, but does not necessarily result in the lowest possible price.The generic substitution policy has enabled Sweden to achieve fairly high penetration of generic drugs into the market in terms of volume, with a considerably low share of the total value of the market. However, the requirement to substitute only the lowest-priced listed drug risks undermining the competitiveness of the generic drug industry...
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.4
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Fiscal equalisation is a transfer of fiscal resources across jurisdictions with the aim of offsetting differences in revenue raising capacity or public service cost. Its principal objective is to allow sub-central governments to provide their citizens with similar sets of public services at a similar tax burden. Fiscal equalisation can be seen as the natural companion to fiscal decentralisation as it aims at correcting potential imbalances resulting from sub-central autonomy. If sub-central governments had no fiscal power, no fiscal equalisation would be needed. Distinct fiscal equalisation arrangements first emerged during the 1940s and 1950s in a number of federal countries, and today most OECD Member countries have introduced some explicit or implicit fiscal arrangement that reduces fiscal disparities across jurisdictions. The significance of fiscal equalisation is highlighted not only by its extensive use in both federal and unitary countries, but also by the fact that its objectives and principles are often laid down in the constitution and hence form a central pillar of national fiscal policy.
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  • 41
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.40
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: Les États membres de l'UE ont besoin de structures de gestion des marchés publics. Les tâches concernées vont de la rédaction de la législation afférente et de l'élaboration des politiques de marchés publics à la formation de responsables des acquisitions et à la publication des avis de marché. La majorité des États membres de l'UE sont dotés d'instances centrales de gestion des marchés publics au sein de leurs structures gouvernementales. Bien qu'elles diffèrent en termes de responsabilités, fonctions et tâches, ces instances ont plusieurs caractéristiques en commun.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264035553
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Développement de l'énergie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Risks and Benefits of Nuclear Energy
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Ce rapport examine les différents aspects de la chaîne nucléaire et d’autres chaînes de production d’électricité. Il donne pour chacune d’elles des exemples d’indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs relatifs à la compétitivité économique, à l’impact environnemental et aux aspects sociaux.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264032705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slovak Republic
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Slowakei ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Junger Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a poor beginning can be difficult to make up. This report surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in the Slovak Republic, and assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work. The report also provides a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264031180
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; China 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: La première étude de politiques environnementales de la Chine passe en revue le contexte matériel et institutionnel pour retenir ensuite des domaines précis comme l’air, l’eau, les déchets et la biodiversité. Elle explore aussi les liens qui existent entre l’environnement et l’économie d’une part, et l’environnement et la société d’autre part. Elle analyse l’engagement international de la Chine en matière d’environnement pour formuler des recommandations. Cette publication a été sélectionnée comme document phare lors de la table ronde 2007 de l’Association des libraires américains.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264029118 , 9789264107021
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Humankapital; Wie Wissen unser Leben bestimmt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano ; Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Cette première publication de la série Les essentiels de l’OCDE examine l’importance grandissante du capital humain dans la vie économique et sociale – notre éducation, nos qualifications, nos compétences et notre savoir. Alors que l'économie des pays développés se tertiarise, le succès économique des individus et des économies nationales dépend de plus en plus de la qualité du capital humain. Enrichir ce capital devient donc une priorité majeure des pouvoirs publics, notamment pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés qui risquent d’être marginalisés davantage. Mettre l’accent sur le développement de la petite enfance, améliorer la qualité et le choix de l’enseignement scolaire, viser l’excellence dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur, et enfin faciliter l’accès à l’éducation et à la formation des adultes, sont quelques unes des pistes suivies. S’inspirant d’études et d’analyses de l’OCDE, cette publication dynamique explique en termes simples comment les pays de l’OCDE relèvent le défi et tentent d’augmenter leur capital humain.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264039032
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264039070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Informal institutions
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Sozialdienst
    Abstract: Informal institutions — family and kinship structures,traditions, and social norms — not only matter for development, but they are often decisive factors in shaping policy outcomes in environments of weak states and poor governance structures. Based on concrete examples in the areas of gender equality, governance and private sector development, this book advocates a pragmatic way of dealing with informal institutions. Neither the “romantic preservationist” nor the “bulldozing moderniser” approach promises an adequate solution. Incorporating informal institutions in development strategies — whether by taking advantage of them in their existing state, by seeking to optimise their impact or by providing incentives to change them — will be instrumental in improving development outcomes, including achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264038677
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Luxembourg 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg a engagé avec succès une profonde mutation de son économie en l’espace de quelques décennies, passant d’un tissu productif basé essentiellement sur la sidérurgie à une économie basée sur le secteur financier. Cette reconversion, plaçant le Grand-Duché en tête des pays de l’OCDE pour le revenu par habitant, a fait largement appel à une main-d’œuvre étrangère dans différents secteurs et tout particulièrement celui de la finance. 39,5% des habitants sont étrangers (taux le plus élevé parmi les pays membres) et plus de 130 000 étrangers franchissent quotidiennement la frontière pour travailler au Luxembourg. Ces flux augmentent régulièrement et cela pose de sérieux problèmes en termes d’infrastructures de transport, d’environnement et de logement, d’autant que le prix élevé des terrains, surtout dans la région capitale, induit également un développement du navettage des résidents. Comment mieux maîtriser ces flux pour assurer un développement durable de l’économie? Comment opérer ces mutations stratégiques en coopération avec les pays voisins dans le cadre de la « Grande-Région » en conjuguant l’intérêt national du Grand Duché avec les aspirations des régions voisines de trois autres pays ? Les stratégies ambitieuses mises en place par le Luxembourg, notamment par un développement significatif des transports en commun et de logements neufs, peuvent-elles répondre aux attentes sans un concours plus actif de ses partenaires ? Enfin, la réforme régionale peut-elle, par ses liens directs avec l’aménagement du territoire, contribuer à mieux équilibrer la répartition des activités ? L’Examen territorial du Luxembourg s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un programme plus large d’examens territoriaux nationaux entrepris par le Comité des politiques de développement territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général de cette série est de formuler des recommandations d’action pratiques aux gouvernements nationaux. Les examens territoriaux nationaux les plus récents ont porté sur le Canada, la Corée, la Finlande, la France, la Hongrie, l’Italie, le Japon, le Mexique, la Norvège, la République tchèque et la Suisse.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264040212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smith, Garry L. Sugar policy reform in the European Union and in world sugar markets
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zucker ; Außenhandel ; Zuckerpolitik ; Gemeinsame Marktorganisation ; Zuckermarkt ; Handelsliberalisierung ; EU-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; European Union ; Europäische Union ; Zuckerproduktion ; Agrarpolitik ; Zuckerweltmarkt
    Abstract: This publication looks at the importance of the EU sugar industry in the global sugar market. It analyses how sugar reforms adopted by the EU council in 2006 have led to market changes. The first part of this report looks at what might happen if complete policy reform and full trade liberalisation took place. This gives the reader insight into the impact that sugar support policies have had in making this industry one of the most heavily subsidised, protected and distorted agricultural commodities markets. The effect that sugar support policies in the EU and worldwide have made to production and trade developments in other countries are also highlighted. The second part of this report looks forward, to examine how the sugar market may evolve up to 2015 in light of the sugar policy changes which were introduced in 2006. Finally, an initial evaluation of the EU sugar policy reform is made in light of the OECD Ministerial principles for agricultural policy reform. DYK: The wages of sugar farmers in the EU are three times above the world average
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264032620
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Politiques d'éducation et de formation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. No More Failures; Ten Steps to Equity in Education
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: En finir avec l'échec scolaire remet en cause l’idée qu’il y aura toujours des ratés et des marginaux, ceux qui ne peuvent ni ne veulent réussir à l’école. En réalité, des initiatives prises dans de nombreux pays démontrent qu’il est possible d’abaisser le taux d’échec et de décrochage scolaire – et de réduire l’énorme coût social des adultes qui n’ont pas acquis les qualifications de base indispensables pour trouver leur place dans la société. Cet ouvrage propose une précieuse analyse comparative des démarches nationales en matière d’équité en éducation et examine, notamment, les aspects suivants ; la filiarisation, les classes de niveau et la sélection par les résultats ; le choix de l’école ; les structures de l’enseignement secondaire et les programmes de la deuxième chance ; le redoublement ; les liens école-famille ; l’éducation des jeunes enfants ; l’affectation des ressources ; les objectifs chiffrés d’équité ; les besoins spéciaux des migrants et des minorités. L’analyse conclut que trois facteurs jouent un rôle déterminant pour l’équité dans l’éducation (la conception des systèmes éducatifs, les pratiques de classe et la dotation en ressources), et propose aux pouvoirs publics, dix mesures appuyées par des données, pour réduire le taux d’échec et d’abandon scolaire.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264038387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax effects on foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Steuerpolitik ; Steuerwirkung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Direktinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Steuer ; Steuerbelastung ; Unternehmenspolitik
    Abstract: Reports the results of a project examining taxation and foreign direct investment (FDI), with a focus on three areas. Recent empirical studies and models are first reviewed, with the aim of better understanding what factors explain differences in the responsiveness of FDI to taxation, in different country and industry contexts. Second, the publication reports an exchange of views on considerations that are balanced by tax policy makers in the design of rules governing the taxation of inbound and outbound FDI, including increasing pressure to provide “internationally competitive” tax treatment. Third, the publication presents findings from a new framework developed for the project to analyse the implications of tax-planning by multinationals in reducing effective tax rates on cross-border investment. The findings highlight the need to address tax-planning when attempting to measure the “true” tax burden on FDI.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264064720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Serious Incident Management in Australia
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Dans le cadre de ses efforts pour assurer la sécurité dans les établissements d’enseignement, le gouvernement de Nouvelle Galles du Sud (Australie) a mis au point une série d’exercices de simulation en collaboration avec la police, afi n de mieux préparer les proviseurs à la gestion des incidents graves.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.49
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper argues that regulatory measures affect the fixed cost of entering a market as well as the variable costs of servicing that market. Moreover, differences in regulation among countries often imply that firms have to incur entry costs in every new market. Indicators of regulatory intensity and heterogeneity are introduced in a gravity model and their impact on market entry and subsequent trade flows estimated for total services, business services and financial services. It is found that regulatory heterogeneity has a relatively large negative impact on both market entry and subsequent trade flows. Further, regulatory barriers have a negative effect on the local services sectors’ export performance. Finally it is found that regulations that aims at correcting market failure can have a positive impact on trade. It is concluded that services trade liberalization and regulatory reforms are complementary in creating competitive services markets.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2007/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: There is a long history describing the structure and evolution of science. Recent unprecedented progress in access, use, and analysis of information on scientific publications and patents open innovative ways to study the structure and evolution of science. Especially, a mapping of knowledge has received wide recognition as a new, evolving area of research. The ultimate goal of this study is to contribute to endeavours to understand and track the changing nature of science. In this study, current trends in scientific activities were mapped and their characteristics were examined. Research areas were explored through a co-citation analysis and a map of science was generated to analyse how research areas were related to each other. Methodology which is commonly used in social network analysis was also applied to examine knowledge networks at the institutional level. The analysis clearly shows the multi-disciplinary character of some research, such as ‘Nano materials and devices’, ‘Genomics’, and ‘Environment’. A precursor of the emergence of nano-bioscience is also observed. Measurement of countries’ specialisation clearly indicates an increased share of the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in some research. The BRICs are currently in a stage of intense catching up and their importance in knowledge networks is likely to become substantial. Social network analysis at the institutional level reveals that the structure of knowledge networks strongly depends on research and each institution probably has its own function in the network. These results show how science is evolving not only across disciplines but also across countries or regions.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: What difference does education make for young adults' engagement in politics and social issues? This study is part of the OECD's Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) project on "Measuring the Social Outcomes of Learning" (SOL). It discusses relevant international research, with special attention to studies in the Nordic countries, and analyses survey responses by more than 11 000 Norwegian youths aged 13 to 19. "Engagement" is defined as youth's declared interest in politics and social issues and by their participation in various forms of political activity. Educational performance and especially educational aspirations matter for this type of engagement. Socialisation in family environments with regard to civic related issues, however, matters even more for taking interest in such types of civic engagement. It also seems that young people experience educational benefits from growing up in families who care about the civic domain. Separately, the findings suggest that young people who are politically active do not easily conform to the status quo. Rather, they confront the authority structures of their schools more often than other young people do. The paper concludes with suggestions for policy and research.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.590
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
    Abstract: Fiscal federalism can be an important complement to structural reforms and budget consolidation. Empowering sub national governments, while at the same time making them accountable to local citizens in the uses of tax money, could improve the allocation of public resources and promote catch up of the lagging regions. Italy has launched itself in the federalist direction by decentralising spending, regulatory and tax powers in the late 1990s and reinforcing growing lower level responsibilities with a constitutional reform in 2001. The constitution has yet to be fully implemented, though the government has signaled its intention to do so. A stronger focus should now be put on the financing side, i.e. getting a better match between spending responsibilities and taxing powers so as to boost local autonomy and responsibility in line with the goals of federalist reforms. As the lower levels are fully in charge of health and long term care, they will face intense pressures due to population ageing, which is especially rapid in Italy, so that more tax bases should be devolved to them, especially as pension reform has reduced such pressures on central government. Redistributive mechanisms should be redesigned to improve fiscal effort, and Italy must decide in that context to what extent it can really afford to guarantee uniform national service levels – and conversely, how much regional differentiation of services it will tolerate in pursuit of higher efficiency. Framework conditions need to be strengthened, notably accounting standards which need to be upgraded and unified. Fiscal discipline under the Internal Stability Pact should be strengthened via better ex ante co-ordination and tougher sanctions ex post.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.55
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea introduced industrial accident insurance (IACIS) in 1964, medical insurance (MIS) in 1977, pension insurance (NPS) in 1988 and employment insurance (EIS) in 1995. In line with Korea’s economic development, social insurance coverage has grown rapidly, and contribution coverage rates now generally exceed 80% for regular workers. However, the four social insurance systems developed separately. The main split in contribution collection methods has been between the insurances under the Ministry of Labour (EIS and IACIS) and those under the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MIS and NPS), although there are also some differences between MIS and NPS. About 50% of the staff in each system has been engaged in collection activities...
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.542
    Keywords: Economics ; Turkey
    Abstract: Turkey's business sector has achieved high growth over the past few years and - on average - has coped well with increased competition. However, some labour-intensive sectors lost competitiveness prior to the currency depreciation in mid-2006 and faced employment losses, raising political pressure for interventionist policies. This paper argues that the government should resist such pressure and instead follow a broad-based strategy to improve framework conditions for firms, irrespective of their size, sector and legal status. Overcoming the duality between the formal and informal sectors should be the central point of this strategy. In particular, the cost of labour should be reduced and regulatory hurdles in labour and product markets should be minimised, to help formal firms to remain competitive and increase employment. This would also make it easier for the many small and medium-sized firms to move into the formal sector, thereby raising productivity through economies of scale. This would increase the growth potential of the whole economy, broaden the tax base and level the playing field for doing business in Turkey, not only for the wide variety of domestic firms but also for foreign investors.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/19
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Our demand analysis is complemented by ‘bottom-up’ sectoral analysis, which focus on changes in end-user demand – for example, the impact of the switch from gasoline to diesel vehicles in Europe, the effects of the rapid expansion of petrochemical capacity in Asia and the Middle East, or the growing use of natural gas and coal for power generation in Europe. Although this approach provides a valuable comparison with the main ‘top-down’ assessment, its results must be interpreted with caution. For example, will there be sufficient feedstock supply (predominantly naphtha) to sustain China’s petrochemical expansion plans? Will this expansion result in a regional petrochemical surplus, leading to the closure of less efficient plants? Global demand is predominantly driven by two primary forces, price and income. If the assumptions underlying those variables are wrong, then the output of the model will be affected. Similarly, the robustness of the historical data underpinning the model is important. Finally, substitution issues can work in many ways, leading to additional modelling complications. Prices When constructing our medium-term forecasting model, a price assumption was one of the harder concepts to incorporate. The dynamics of the oil market have changed considerably over the past five years and we are unaware of any formal price model that predicted a rise in the oil price from $25 to $90/bbl over the past four years. The seemingly robust relationship between oil stocks in the OECD and prices appeared to break down, Additional inputs such as refining capacity, spare upstream capacity, investment flows, natural gas prices and the term structure changes between spot and forward prices have all had an impact.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.564
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This working paper assesses the ease of immigrants' integration in OECD labour markets by estimating how an immigration background influences the probability of being active or employed and the expected hourly earnings, for given individual characteristics. Applying the same methodology to comparable data across twelve OECD countries, immigrants are shown to significantly lag behind natives in terms of employment and/or wages. The differences narrow as years since settlement elapse, especially as regards wages, reflecting progressive assimilation. Strong differences in immigrant-to-native gaps are also observed across countries, and the paper shows that they may, to a significant extent, be explained by differences in labour market policies, in particular unemployment benefits, the tax wedge and the minimum wage. In addition, immigrants are shown to be overrepresented among outsiders in the labour market and, as such, highly sensitive to the difference in employment protection legislation between temporary and permanent contracts.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 501 ; Métabolisme dans les plantes cultivées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 501 : Métabolisme dans les plantes cultivées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Studies of Metabolism in Crops are used to elucidate the degradation pathway of the active ingredient and require the identification of the metabolism and/or degradation products when a pesticide is applied to a crop directly or indirectly. A Metabolism in Crops study should be submitted for each type of crop group. Five categories for crop metabolism studies can be considered: root vegetables, leafy crops, fruits, pulses and oilseeds, and cereals. The active ingredient should be administered such as foliar, soil/seed, or post-harvest treatments to reflect its intended use pattern. It should be labelled, to allow for quantification; the preferred radioisotope is 14C, although 32P, 35S can be used. The study should be performed using a sandy loam soil treated with the radiolabelled test substance. It may be performed either in a greenhouse or in an outdoor test plot or plant growth chambers. The maximum application rate (the proposed Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) application rate) should be utilized. Samples of all raw agricultural commodities are collected for characterization and/or identification of residues and determination of the total radioactive residue.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.57
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.57
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study analyses the role that services trade liberalisation could play in fostering tourism growth in developing countries. The economic and social importance of tourism means that the industry is high on the list of development priorities in many developing countries and LDCs. In order to have a successful tourism export industry, effective linkages need to be established with many different sectors, most of which are other services. Trade and investment liberalisation at the national, regional and multilateral levels can be a means to complement national efforts to attain these goals. Sustainable tourism development, though, requires strong public sector management and support. Due consideration needs to be given to develop effective regulation, including competition policy and institutions, to avoid exceeding the carrying capacity of assets, and to strengthen national capacity in order to minimise financial leakages.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.582
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: Since 2004, the fiscal deficit has been brought down by over 5% of GDP to below the 3% limit in 2006, which is a major achievement. The government plans a more gradual reduction over coming years so that overall balance or surplus is reached no later than 2010. However, fiscal consolidation should continue, possibly at a more rapid pace than planned, given the high level of government debt, favourable outlook for output growth, and long-term fiscal costs of ageing which are estimated to be among the largest in the OECD. There are as yet no specific proposals to reform pensions, which account for most of the prospective ageing-related increase in public expenditure, although the government is expected to announce reforms following the publication of a report from a Committee of Experts. Delaying fiscal consolidation, particularly the urgently needed pension reform, would have substantial longer-term costs in terms of higher taxes and additional debt service costs, including an increase in the risk premium paid on government debt. In addition, this would heavily skew the tax burden towards future generations. Consolidation should focus on reducing primary spending and on enhancing tax revenues. This can be achieved particularly through increased efficiency of public administration and by measures to tackle tax evasion and further broaden the tax base. Ensuring long-run fiscal sustainability will also require the implementation of wide-ranging reforms in the key area of health care, as well as an early decision to introduce a comprehensive reform of the pension system.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.592
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper, we test whether the growth experience of a sample of OECD countries over the past three decades is more consistent with the human-capital augmented Solow model of exogenous growth, or with an endogenous growth model à la Uzawa-Lucas with constant returns to scale to “broad” (human and physical) capital. We exploit the different non-linear restrictions implied by these two models to discriminate between them. Using pooled crosscountry time-series data, we specify our growth regression by imposing cross-country homogeneity restrictions only on long-run coefficients, while letting the speed of convergence and short term dynamics to vary across countries. While there are indeed good reasons to believe in common long-run coefficients, given that OECD countries have access to common technologies and have intensive intra-industry trade and foreign direct investment, the theoretical models imply that the speed of convergence to the steady state differs across countries because of cross-country heterogeneity in population growth, technical change and progressiveness of the income tax. Therefore, standard dynamic fixed effect specifications, by imposing cross-country homogeneity restrictions on speed of convergence and short-run parameters, suffer from a heterogeneity bias and are not suited to implement our tests. The results suggest a strong effect of human capital accumulation: the estimated long-run effect on output of one additional year of education (about 6-9%) is also within the range of the estimates obtained in microeconomic analyses of the private returns to schooling. Our estimated speed of convergence is too fast to be compatible with the augmented Solow model, while is consistent with the Uzawa-Lucas model with constant returns to scale. This main finding is robust to several robustness tests.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264026568
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (195 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2006
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.47
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.47
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Focusing on consumer demands in OECD markets and voluntary initiatives taken in the private sector, this study investigates how consumers are informed about the social and environmental conditions under which products have been produced. Consumers of OECD increasingly attach importance to how companies they buy from conduct their business, and the voluntary adoption of CSR policies is spreading in the private sector. But how do consumers know...
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.9
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of risk analysts in NEA member countries on the current state of the art of level-2 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) and its applications in accident management of nuclear power plants. Level-2 PSA models the phenomena that could occur following the onset of core damage that have the potential to challenge the containment integrity and lead to a release of radioactive material to the environment. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on the status as implemented in industrial PSAs. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, researchers and industry representatives dealing with safety management and severe accidents. Government authorities and nuclear power plant operators may also be interested in the paper.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028432
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: L'école de demain
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Demand-Sensitive Schooling?; Evidence and Issues
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Pour beaucoup d'experts dans le domaine de l'éducation, une transition cruciale s’opère des modèles traditionnels de l’école vers les modèles de demain. Ainsi, des « systèmes dominés par l’offre » – obéissant à des procédures principalement dictées par les autorités éducatives, les établissements et les enseignants – seraient remplacés par des dispositifs plus sensibles à la demande. Mais qui demande quoi ? Savons-nous ce que les données révèlent sur les attitudes et les attentes des parents et des élèves, lesquels sont sans aucun doute les personnes les plus intéressées par ce qui se passe à l'école ? Cette demande est-elle reconnue par les établissements ? La prise en compte des souhaits des élèves, des parents et des communautés est-elle une norme démocratique ou la preuve d'un consumérisme éducatif excessif ?
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264024847
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental and Energy Products; The Benefits of Liberalising Trade
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce livre a pour vocation d’aider les négociateurs à se situer dans le débat international sur la libéralisation des échanges de biens et services environnementaux. Il approfondit l’analyse dans trois domaines : les produits écologiquement préférables, les énergies renouvelables et les produits économes en énergie. Dans chacun des trois chapitres, les auteurs se penchent sur le champ et la définition de ces différentes catégories de produits, examinent les obstacles tarifaires et non tarifaires aux échanges et expliquent les retombées écologiques d’une libéralisation. Le rapport fait suite à un précédent ouvrage publié en 2005 sous le titre Biens et services environnementaux : pour une ouverture des marchés au service de l’environnement et du développement.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103807
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestión de velocidad
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: La vitesse excessive est aujourd'hui responsable d'environ un tiers du nombre - inacceptable - de tués sur les routes. Réduire les vitesses moyennes de seulement 5% permettrait de sauver environ 20% des tués sur les routes. Ce rapport, préparé par un Groupe de travail du Centre conjoint OCDE/CEMT de Recherche sur les Transports, examine ces enjeux importants et identifie les améliorations nécessaires pour s’attaquer au problème de la vitesse, que ce soit au niveau des politiques ou de l’exploitation des infrastructures. Il esquisse un cadre pour parvenir au meilleur résultat en termes de sécurité routière tout en préservant l'environnement et en contribuant à une mobilité durable.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028623
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Series Statement: Objectif développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aid for Trade; Making it Effective
    Keywords: Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage renseigne sur les montants que les pays de l'OCDE consentent déjà au titre de l'aide en faveur d'activités liées aux échanges. Il évalue l’efficacité des programmes, et fait valoir que le renforcement de la responsabilité mutuelle au niveau local et la mise en place d’un mécanisme d’examen à l’échelle mondiale faciliteraient l'impact de l'aide pour le commerce.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264010079
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment; Recent Developments
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage présente une évaluation approfondie des développements conceptuels et méthodologiques dans le domaine de l’analyse coûts-avantages et de l’environnement en utilisant un étalon de mesure monétaire commun. Il examine comment tenir compte des impacts sur les générations futures et des impacts des pertes irréversibles et comment gérer les problèmes liés au développement durable.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025899
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (293 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policy Framework for Investment; A Review of Good Practices
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Ce Cadre d’action pour l’investissement de l'OCDE a pour objectif essentiel d'encourager les gouvernements à se poser les bonnes questions sur leur économie, leurs institutions et le cadre de leurs politiques afin de définir leurs priorités, de mettre en place un ensemble cohérent de mesures et de faire le point sur les progrès accomplis. Ce Panorama des bonnes pratiques dans les économies membres et non membres de l’OCDE est un complément au Cadre d'action pour l'investissement. Il présente le cadre analytique qui sous-tend les dix chapitres du Cadre.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264029811
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Eliminer la paperasserie
    Series Statement: Éliminer la paperasserie
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Red Tape; National Strategies for Administrative Simplification
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducir el papeleo ; Estrategias nacionales para la simplificación administrativa
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reduzindo burocracia; Estratégias nacionais de simplificação administrativa
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Pour la plupart des pays de l’OCDE, les mesures visant à réduire les charges administratives dont l’élimination de la paperasserie sont une priorité. Que peuvent faire les autorités publiques ? S’appuyant sur des groupes de réflexion et des comités consultatifs, les autorités attribuent de plus en plus souvent la compétence en la matière à un service de l’administration centrale. Cette démarche, qui mobilise l’ensemble des administrations, marque ces dernières années une étape déterminante, où la simplification administrative s’inscrit dans les dispositifs nationaux en faveur de la qualité de la réglementation.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264024557
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Implementation Costs of Agricultural Policies
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Les coûts de mise en oeuvre et de suivi des politiques agricoles font l'objet d'une attention croissante à mesure que les politiques découplées et ciblées se développent. Ces coûts sont inhérents au processus de mise en place des politiques mais il sera toujours avantageux de les réduire pour améliorer l'utilisation des fonds publics et minimiser le coût économique global des politiques. Le rapport propose des solutions pour le faire sans compromettre le succès des politiques. Parmi ces moyens, il suggère le partage des expériences des différentes agences, régions ou pays, l'utilisation des réseaux administratifs déjà existants, l'intégration des systèmes d'information publics et privés, la réduction du nombre d'agences et l'utilisation des technologies de l'information les plus récentes.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mano visible de China en América Latina
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Visible Hand of China in Latin America; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The visible hand of China in Latin America
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Lateinamerika ; China ; Außenhandel ; Emerging Market ; Integration ; Weltordnung ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Lateinamerika ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Lateinamerika ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Emerging Market ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Latin America is looking towards China and Asia -- and China and Asia are looking right back. This is a major shift: for the first time in its history, Latin America can benefit from not one but three major engines of world growth. Until the 1980s, the United States was the region’s major trade partner. In the 1990s, a second growth engine emerged with the European investment boom in Latin America. Now, at the dawn of the new century, the increasing global economic importance of Asia, and in particular China, potentially provides a third engine of growth. This book describes the opportunities and challenges that Latin American economies will face as Chinese importance in the world economy -- and in Latin America's traditional markets -- continues to grow.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264013704
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p.)
    Series Statement: Politiques d'éducation et de formation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems; Bridges to Lifelong Learning
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems; Bridges to Lifelong Learning (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas de Cualificaciones ; Puentes para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems; Bridges to Lifelong Learning (Korean version)
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: On s’accorde de plus en plus à reconnaître que les systèmes de certification ont un rôle crucial à jouer pour améliorer la qualité de la formation tout au long de la vie et en augmenter la fréquence. Après avoir passé en revue les politiques et pratiques en vigueur dans quinze pays, les auteurs présentent neuf stratégies destinées à promouvoir la formation tout au long de la vie. Toutes ces stratégies nationales sont liées d’une manière ou d’une autre aux systèmes de certification. Les auteurs identifient ensuite vingt mécanismes, ou liens concrets, entre les objectifs des systèmes nationaux de certification et ceux de la formation tout au long de la vie. Au travers de ces mécanismes, cet ouvrage cherche à fournir aux gouvernements et aux décideurs des outils qui puissent les aider à reconsidérer leurs politiques et programmes en matière de formation tout au long de la vie. Les résultats suggèrent que certains mécanismes jouent un rôle particulièrement important dans la promotion de la formation tout au long de la vie. On citera notamment ceux liés au transfert de crédits, à la reconnaissance des acquis antérieurs, aux cadres de certification et à l’implication des acteurs concernés.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de l'environnement ; Quelles combinaisons d'instruments ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Braathen, Nils Axel Instrument mixes for environmental policy
    DDC: 363.7063
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    Keywords: OECD ; Umweltpolitik ; Policy-Mix ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Analyse ; Instrument ; Energy ; Environment ; Umweltbelastung ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: What are the impacts on environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of using an “instrument mix”, rather than a single instrument, to address a given environmental problem? What are the main arguments for using such instrument mixes, and are the instrument mixes currently in use actually well designed in response to these arguments? These are the main questions addressed in this report, which is based on a series of in-depth case studies. The case studies analyse instrument mixes applied in OECD countries to address household waste, non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture, residential energy efficiency, regional air pollution and emissions to air of mercury.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264029156
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain; The Birth of a Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La comprensión del cerebro; El nacimiento de una ciencia del aprendizaje
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage est une lecture essentielle pour tous ceux que la question de l’éducation intéresse, qu’il s’agisse de parents, d’enseignants, d’apprenants ou de responsables politiques. Ce livre pourra confirmer et éclairer ce qu’ils savent déjà d’expérience, mais il ménage également des surprises. L’un des objectifs de Comprendre le cerveau est d’encourager le dialogue entre les éducateurs et les chercheurs en neurosciences. Il s’agit de voir ce que chacun peut apporter à l’étude du processus d’apprentissage. Un effort international et transdisciplinaire contribuera de manière décisive au traitement des problèmes récurrents dans le domaine de l’éducation.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264009868
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Sweden 2007; Achieving Results for Sustained Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Sweden
    Abstract: Tout en décrivant le contexte macroéconomique, cet ouvrage présente un panorama des résultats et des enjeux de la réforme de la réglementation, dans des domaines comme la qualité réglementaire, la politique de la concurrence et l'ouverture des marchés. Il met également l'accent sur la gouvernance réglementaire entre divers niveaux d'administration, ainsi que sur la politique de l'environnement.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264031715
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Climate Change in the European Alps; Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Klimawandel in den Alpen; Anpassung des Wintertourismus und des Naturgefahrenmanagements
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    Keywords: Environment ; Austria ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente la première analyse internationale systématique des effets du changement climatique sur la fiabilité de l’enneigement dans les Alpes. Ces dernières années ont été parmi les plus chaudes des cinq siècles écoulés, et les projections des modèles climatiques annoncent des changements encore plus nets dans la région au cours des décennies à venir. Conjuguée au recul des glaciers et à la fonte du permafrost en altitude, la diminution de la quantité de neige, plus bas, aura un impact non négligeable sur les activités touristiques tributaires de la neige et sur la gestion des risques naturels. Au-delà des Alpes, les implications de cette évaluation peuvent être extrapolées à d’autres chaînes de montagnes susceptibles d’être confrontées à des problèmes climatiques et contextuels similaires, par exemple en Amérique du Nord, en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264034150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement supérieur et régions ; Concurrence mondiale, engagement local
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Educación Superior y las Regiones ; Globalmente Competitivas, Localmente Comprometidas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education and regions
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Wissenstransfer ; Regionalentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Hochschule ; Wissenschaftstransfer ; Regionalentwicklung ; OECD
    Abstract: This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms. Drawing from an extensive review of 14 regions across 12 countries as well as OECD territorial reviews, it considers the regional engagement of higher education regarding teaching, research and service to the community. It offers answers to the following questions: What is higher education’s regional engagement all about? What are its drivers and barriers? What does regional engagement mean for the governance and management of higher education institutions, for regions and for nations? And how does regional engagement fit in with the pursuit of world class academic excellence?
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264034204
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Social Outcomes of Learning
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'éducation est un élément clé du succès économique, aussi bien des nations que des individus. Pour la première fois, l'OCDE tente de rassembler et de synthétiser dans cet ouvrage les développements relatifs à la mesure de ces effets sociaux. L'accent est mis sur deux grands domaines : la santé, et l'engagement civique et social. En général, plus on est éduqué, plus on est en bonne santé et plus on participe aux activités d'ordre civique. Pourquoi est-ce ainsi ? Ce rapport offre des perspectives et des modèles nouveaux sur ces importantes questions d'actualité. Pour ce faire, il se fonde sur des travaux couvrant 13 pays de l'OCDE : l'Autriche, la Belgique (flamande), le Canada, la Corée du Sud, les États-Unis, le Japon, le Luxembourg, la Norvège, la Nouvelle-Zélande, les Pays-Bas, le Royaume-Uni (Angleterre et Écosse), la Suède et la Suisse.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789282101452
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (257 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Tendering of Rail Services
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: L’adjudication par appels d’offres est un moyen d’ouvrir le marché des transports ferroviaires à la concurrence tout en conservant un réseau intégré de services. Cette pratique a été utilisée pour les transports ferroviaires de marchandises dans certains pays. Mais elle est surtout intéressante pour les réseaux de transport de passagers lorsque des services subventionnés rendent difficile, voire impossible, l’instauration d’une concurrence entre des trains assurant les mêmes trajets. Ce rapport passe en revue les expériences d’adjudication par appels d’offres des services ferroviaires mises en œuvre à ce jour de par le monde. Il cherche à tirer des enseignements susceptibles d’améliorer la conception des concessions et de la réglementation, à partir d’exemples de réussite ou de cas moins probants. Les travaux reposent sur des examens approfondis - menés par d’éminents experts - des expériences de concessions de transports ferroviaires de voyageurs au Royaume-Uni, en Australie, en Allemagne, en Suède et aux Pays-Bas. Ils s’appuient également sur des exemples de concessions de fret ferroviaire en Amérique latine.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Institutionalising sustainable development
    DDC: 338.9270601
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    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Achieving sustainable development depends on good governance practices, particularly the effective implementation of national sustainable development strategies which integrate government decision-making in the economic, environmental and social spheres. This volume contains recommendations for the true “institutionalisation” of sustainable development. Institutionalisation will embed the concept in government operations for the long-term and will reduce the vulnerability of sustainable development aims to shorter-term political objectives.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016071
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Climate Change in the European Alps; Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changements climatiques dans les Alpes européennes ; Adapter le tourisme d'hiver et la gestion des risques naturels
    Keywords: Environment ; Austria ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht untersucht die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Wirtschaft in den Alpen. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf den Anpassungsstrategien zur Bewältigung zweier besonders neuralgischer Punkte: der zunehmenden Einbußen im Wintertourismus infolge der abnehmenden Schneedecke und der wachsenden Gefährdung von Einrichtungen und Infrastruktur durch Naturrisiken.Diese Veröffentlichung enthält die erste systematische länderübergreifende Analyse der Schneesicherheit der alpinen Skigebiete im Kontext des Klimawandels für fünf Länder der Region: Frankreich, Schweiz, Österreich, Italien und Deutschland. Sie untersucht die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels im Hinblick auf eine Reihe in den Alpen bereits existierender Naturgefahren, wobei der Schwerpunkt insbesondere auf den Rahmenbedingungen und Finanzierungsmechanismen für das Naturgefahrenmanagement in drei Ländern liegt: Frankreich, Schweiz und Österreich. Auch die technologischen und verhaltensbezogenen Anpassungsmaßnahmen sind, gemeinsam mit den institutionellen Strukturen und Risikotransfermechanismen, Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Die Implikationen dieser Beurteilung betreffen nicht nur die Alpen, sondern auch andere Gebirgssysteme, in denen sich ähnliche klimatische und kontextuelle Herausforderungen stellen, wie z.B. in Nordamerika, Australien und Neuseeland. Der Fall der Alpen mit ihrer hohen Anpassungskapazität bietet Beispiele guter Praxis, die nicht nur im Kontext anderer Industriestaaten, sondern auch von Entwicklungsländern wertvoll sind.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264038127
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fundamental reform of corporate income tax
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    Keywords: Körperschaftsteuer ; Steuerreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Unternehmen ; Steuerrecht ; Körperschaftsteuerreform
    Abstract: Policy makers in OECD countries are concerned about whether they can maintain their current levels of corporate income tax revenues and how they can create an attractive investment climate for domestic and foreign investors. This report presents the recent trends in the taxation of corporate income in OECD countries and discusses the main drivers of corporate income tax reform and evaluates the gains of fundamental corporate tax reform. The corporate tax-induced distortions are discussed from a domestic and international tax point of view. This study also considers tax revenue and tax complexity issues. The book also explains a series of alternative systems that might be implemented.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/04
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: The transport sector is almost fully dependent on oil-derived products and in both the United States and in Europe this sector contributes with about one third of total energy consumption and about 30 % of the CO2 emissions. The transport sector is forecasted to contribute with 90 % of the increase in CO2 emissions projected for EU in 2010. With the increasing use of oil for transport in China, India and other Asian countries the rush for oil has resulted in increasing prices on oil and a push for production of oil substitutes. Finding alternatives is a key issue and biofuels are expected to be the easiest alternative fuel as no significant changes in the infrastructure or in established vehicles and engines are required. Biomasses play a unique role as raw materials for the production of transport fuels as outlined by US Department of Energy. It is important to understand that biofuels are not always “bio”- and in some situations large scale production will lead to a larger over-all use of fossil fuel and thereby a larger emission of carbon dioxide. Biodiesel produced from rape seed and bioethanol produced from corn might be questionable when it comes to the net energy produced. Furthermore, production of these types of biofuels will occupy land, which might be used for food production and it can further lead to loss of rainforest or deforestation in parts of the world where the new opportunities opens for new developments.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264017764
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Rural Policy Reviews; Germany 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Germany 2007
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Dieser Prüfbericht befasst sich mit den Herausforderungen und Chancen ländlicher Räume in Deutschland. Nach wie vor besteht ein erhebliches Ost-West-Gefälle, und dieses hat eindeutig auch ländliche Dimensionen. Auch Faktoren wie GAP-Reformen, Bevölkerungsalterung und Migration werden wichtige Auswirkungen auf ländliche Räume haben. Dieser Bericht konstatiert, dass Deutschlands derzeitiger Ansatz im Bereich der ländlichen Entwicklung und der Politik für ländliche Räume in erster Linie sektorbezogen ist und daher weder der Vielfalt der ländlichen Regionen voll gerecht wird noch die Entwicklung von Programmen fördert, die auf die Bedürfnisse der jeweiligen Orte zugeschnitten sind.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.124
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Mobile commerce is a promising market both for consumers and businesses. However, consumer troubles and complaints are increasing and can sometimes become serious, including issues for minors.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Africa: A New Frontier for Emerging Markets?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La croissance de nombreux pays africains attire, à un niveau sans précédent, les capital-risqueurs et les investissements boursiers sur le continent. Cet engouement nouveau des investisseurs est favorisé par un environnement, économique et politique, qui devrait aller en s'améliorant.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.554
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: A key policy challenge in most OECD countries is to improve outcomes of the health care system while containing its costs. Benchmarking countries and identifying best practices to enhance public spending cost-effectiveness would, in this regard, be a useful exercise. This paper presents three main options for measuring effectiveness in the health care sector, discusses their pros and cons, including data availability and the possibility of whether these options would allow an analysis of how the institutional setting shapes spending effectiveness.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.42
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concevoir des subventions pro-pauvres pour les services d'eau potable et d'assainissement en Afrique
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Limited capacity to pay, large infrastructure needs and a huge backlog in the construction of sanitation facilities make recourse to cross-subsidies and government-funded subsidies a necessity in Africa. * This Policy Insights introduces the African Economic Outlook 2007.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.13
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2007/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bâtiments verts en service : évaluation de leur fonctionnalité
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This article briefly describes users’ experiences of two “green” education buildings. It goes on to conclude that stakeholders’ negotiation of building performance is necessary to minimise environmental impact, just as it is necessary to achieve other aspects of building performance.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.545
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: In 1999, new monetary policy regimes were adopted in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, combining inflation targeting with floating exchange rates. These regime changes have been accompanied by lower volatility in the monetary stance in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, despite higher inflation volatility in Brazil and Colombia. This paper estimates a conventional New Keynesian model for these four countries and shows that: i) the post-1999 regime has been associated with greater responsiveness by the monetary authority to changes in expected inflation in Brazil and Chile, while in Colombia and Mexico monetary policy has become less counter-cyclical, ii) lower interest-rate volatility in the post-1999 period owes more to a benign economic environment than to a change in the policy setting, and iii) the change in the monetary regime has not yet resulted in a reduction in output volatility in these countries.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Two-thirds of pension reforms in OECD countries in the last 15 years contain measures that will automatically link future pensions to changes in life expectancy. This quiet revolution in pension policy means that the financial costs of longer lives will be shared between generations subject to a rule, rather than spreading the burden through potentially divisive political battles as happened in the past. As a result, nearly half of OECD countries - 13 out of 30 - now have an automatic link between pensions and life expectancy in their retirement-income systems, compared with only one country (Denmark) a decade ago. Indeed, the spread of this policy has a strong claim as the major innovation in pension policy in recent years. The link to life expectancy has been achieved in four different ways...
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.258
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The paper addresses two core questions: do investment banks’ recommendations have an impact on the allocation of portfolio flows in the emerging-markets asset class? Above all, are these recommendations related to the business of investment banks? In order to answer these questions, we constructed a unique database covering the period 1997-2006 for all the bond recommendations made by the major investment banks that dominate the emerging bond markets. The most important findings are as follows: 90 per cent of the underwriters recommend buying or maintaining in their portfolios the bonds issued by the countries where they are acting as lead managers; and investment banks’ recommendations are also correlated with the relative size of the secondary bond market. In fact, there is a phenomenon that we call “too big to underweight” meaning that investment banks do not send negative signals to investors of countries that, given their size, are considered important for their business. Finally, by using panel data analysis, we found that the impact of investment banks’ recommendations on portfolio capital flows is more significant and more predictable than some macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, economic growth and inflation rate. The first of the three major policy lessons at stake is that there is a need for more detailed information disclosure by investment banks in order to determine if past recommendations are related to macroeconomic variables and financial variables or whether they are associated with the investment banks’ business in emerging economies. Second, government agencies should do a strategic monitoring on what market is writing about their respective country vulnerabilities. Finally, given that banks’ recommendations and portfolio flows are related, an international co-operation scheme could be established to encourage investment banks to cover more countries.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 104 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Luxembourg’s unemployment rate - which was extremely low in the 1970s and 1980s, and in the 1990s increased considerably but still remained low compared with other countries - has since 2004 been close to 5%. This report first compares Luxembourg’s experience with that of "reference countries", which also provide a high level of social protection. as measured by the level of unemployment insurance and minimum income benefits. The country’s small size and the importance of cross-border commuting in the country has certain advantages for the Public Employment Service (PES) and generates some additional constraints, but the policy options remain generally similar to those tried by the other reference countries. Several of these countries (Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland) also had very low unemployment into the 1980s. In general, the countries which first introduced generous unemployment benefits only in the 1970s suffered high levels of unemployment about 20 years later, and from this point of view the PES in Luxembourg has managed to keep unemployment relatively low longer than almost anywhere else. The steady increase in the level of registered unemployment relative to unemployment in the sense of the labour force survey from 1975 to 2000 indicates progressive change: the rigorous management and the stigmatisation of unemployment which motivated unemployed people not to register in the early years has been progressively replaced by a situation where some people who register are not available for all types of work. The introduction of a minimum income benefit in 1986 and various extensions of entitlement to passive benefits in 2002 and 2003 have also increased the number of PES clients who are difficult to place...
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