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  • 2000-2004  (1,997)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2002  (1,190)
  • 2001  (807)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (1,119)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest  (878)
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  • 2000-2004  (1,997)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bloomington : Indiana University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780253108807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (408 pages)
    DDC: 398.20903
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mythologie ; Mythos
    Abstract: "... one of the richest, clearest, and acutest surveys to date of the course of theorizing about myth from the eighteenth century on. I know of no more useful volume on the topic. Despite the postmodern connotations of the title, Von Hendy is writing not to expose the concept of myth but simply to show the array of ways in which it has been used from time to time and from place to place. A superb work." -- Robert A. Segal, University of Lancaster, author of Theorizing about MythAndrew Von Hendy offers an integrated critical account of the career of myth in modernity. He takes as its starting point some crucial moments in the 18th-century reinvention of the concept and then follows the major branches of theorizing as they appear in the work of theologians, philosophers, literary artists, political thinkers, folklorists, anthropologists, psychologists, and others.Von Hendy pursues each of these four fundamental strains of theory through the 20th century: the rise of neo-romantic theories in depth psychology, modernist literature, and later in religious phenomenology, philosophy, and literary criticism; the establishment of folkloristic theory in ethnological fieldwork and in classical studies; the growth of ideological theories from Sorel to Barthes and Derrida; and the recent ascent of constitutive theories of myth as necessary fiction. Finally, Von Hendy examines the work of five theorists who attempt to come to terms with the lessons of the ideological critique, yet regard myth as a constructive phenomenon.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.61
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: In Italy, as well as in other Southern European countries, low labor market participation rates of married women are observed together with low birth rates. Our proposed explanation for this apparent anomaly involves the Italian institutional structure, particularly as reflected in rigidities and imperfections in the labor market and characteristics of the publicly-funded child care system. These rigidities tend to simultaneously increase the costs of having children and to discourage the labor market participation of married women. We analyze a model of labor supply and fertility, using panel data from the Bank of Italy which have been merged with regional data describing the available opportunities in each sample household’s environment. The empirical results show that the availability of child care and part time work increase both the probability of working and having a child. Policies which would provide more flexible working hours choices and greater child care availability ...
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264077935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.4
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Environment Monograph contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Environmental Hazard/Risk Assessment, which took place in London in May 1994. The Workshop was hosted by the Department of the Environment (DoE) of the United Kingdom. Work on hazard assessment in the OECD’s Chemicals Programme is closely related to the work on Test Guidelines, co-operative investigation of existing chemicals, and the Pesticide Programme. The objectives of hazard assessment activities are to promote awareness, improvement, and, to the extent possible, harmonization of hazard assessment procedures for chemicals (including pesticides) and to encourage mutual use and acceptance of hazard assessments in OECD and other countries. These activities include the development and compilation of practical methods and procedures; promotion of their application in conjunction with co-operative investigations of chemicals; and promotion of harmonization of assessment reports. In recent years, workshops have been held (and documents produced) on aquatic exposure assessment, initial assessment of occupational and consumer exposure, and data estimation methods.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.334
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The unprecedented 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States caused massive casualties and damage, and ushered in an era of greater uncertainty. While a prompt and vigorous policy response helped limit the immediate economic impact of the aggression, the heightened terrorist threat has some long-lasting, if diffuse, macroeconomic repercussions. Three channels of influence are explored in this paper: shrinking insurance coverage stemming from the perception of greater risk, higher trade costs possibly affecting international trade, and stepped-up security spending partially rolling back the “peace dividend” of the 1990s. It is argued that, in the absence of new large-scale terrorist attacks, and provided terrorism risk is dealt with efficiently, the net long-run macroeconomic impact is probably tangible but limited ...
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.199
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper investigates the consequences of Basel II for international capital flows to emerging markets. The paper shows that the magnitude of effects critically depends on a number of assumptions, including: the mapping of risk weights to ratings, assumptions about required return on capital, assumptions about competition and diversion effects and the assumption that minimum capital requirements are binding constraints. The paper provides evidence on each of these assumptions and estimates their effect on interest margins and bank flows. Overall the results suggest that Basel II — taking into account the “Potential Modifications” of November 2001 — will have only a moderate impact on international capital flows ...
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Given their role in the current transformation of advanced economies, information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer the promise of new business and employment opportunities along with higher productivity gains, but also make new demands on skills. OECD countries are thus confronted with the dual challenge of ensuring that the growth of new industries and activities is not stifled by labour bottlenecks and skill mismatches and that their population is equipped to master the basic IT skills which these transformations require. Despite recent claims of a widespread IT worker shortage, this study argues that although there is indeed some evidence of tightness in labour markets for particular categories of IT workers, the main issue of concern for policy makers and firms should be the gap between the skills of current and future IT workers and those sought by firms. Both short- and long-term strategies can be implemented to address the rapidly changing skill requirements for ICT ...
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health, Education and Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Les pauvres sont les premiers bénéficiaires de la généralisation des services sociaux. . Il faut satisfaire la demande de services des pauvres et non raisonner en termes d’offre. . Les politiques doivent être jugées sur les résultats obtenus plutôt que sur les moyens mis en œuvre. . Pour interrompre la reproduction de la pauvreté, les interventions doivent être cohérentes, à long terme et participatives.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264062771
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2002/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les entreprises multinationales dans des situations de conflits violents et de violations généralisées des droits de l'homme
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In response to enquiries about foreign investment in Myanmar, the Committee for International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME) asked the Secretariat to prepare a paper, under the responsibility of the latter, that would provide background information to interested parties. This paper was not only to shed light on business activity in Myanmar, but also to consider the broader challenges of conducting business responsibly in countries characterised by civil strife and extensive human rights violations. The present paper responds to this request and focuses on issues that are of particular relevance to extractive industries. This sector’s share of global investment is quite small, but its significance for particular host societies is large and the underlying issues for corporate responsibility affect the welfare of millions of people. While not ignoring the problems that have arisen in connection with multinational enterprise activity in troubled host countries, this ...
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.340
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil’s public pension expenditure is about 9 per cent of GDP, above the OECD average. Given that OECD countries are generally not only wealthier, but also significantly older, Brazil’s pension expenditures are clearly excessive, draining resources away from other areas, such as much needed social investment in health and education. Beyond its fiscal impact, the Brazilian pension system is also unjust. About half of total pension expenditure is paid to former civil servants, which account for only 5 per cent of total retirees. Given the demographic challenges Brazil is likely to face in the next decades, authorities have started to implement a series of reforms. The general regime available to private sector workers underwent major changes in 1999, which will help ensure its long-term actuarial and financial balance. However, problems remain concerning the growth of the informal economy, the weight of non-pension benefits financially imputed to the regime and the mechanisms for ...
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  • 11
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beyond Johannesburg: Policies and Finance for Climate-friendly Development
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • En matière de climat, les actions à réaliser en priorité devraient être celles qui offrent un rendement économique ou environnemental élevé par unité d’impact sur les gaz à effet de serre. • Souvent, une meilleure conception des politiques de l’énergie, des transports et de gestion des ressources naturelles permet de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, pour un coût additionnel réduit voire nul. • Dans les domaines de l’énergie et des transports, la planification des investissements et des réseaux se doit de justifier des contraintes probables futures en matière d’émissions, afin d’éviter de coûteux effets de blocage et une obsolescence prématurée du capital social. • Les effets bénéfiques de la politique climatique sur la qualité de l’air et la santé, peuvent être considérables dans les mégapoles des pays en développement, voire dépasser ceux constatés dans les pays de l’OCDE qui ont déjà découplé, dans une certaine mesure, les émissions de carbone de la lutte contre la pollution. • Un marché mondial des services relatifs à la stabilisation du climat prend forme peu à peu, sur lequel les pays en développement pourraient espérer se positionner en tant que fournisseurs nets.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.316
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper we present comparative evidence from OECD countries concerning the impact of product and labour market regulations on innovation. While product and labour market policies usually aim at objectives other than innovation, they may have important consequences for the profitability of firms’ innovative strategies. Our regression analysis provides some cross-country evidence that enhancing competition in the product market -- while guaranteeing intellectual property rights -- seems to have a positive impact on the innovation performance of a country. Conversely, the relationship between innovation and job protection does not seem to be univocal. The sign and magnitude of the effect of the latter crucially depends on the systems of industrial relations and the specific characteristics of each industry. Indeed, the larger the scope for resorting to internal labour markets, the lower the adjustment costs imposed by labour market regulation. Moreover, in industries with a ...
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264195745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique émergente
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Emerging Africa is based on the fundamental conviction that, unless growth resumes, poverty cannot be reduced in the least developed countries. This study analyses the factors underlying the renewed dynamism of certain African economies in the 1990s. Several countries are, indeed, trying to meet the challenge of building the three pillars of sustainable growth -- capital accumulation, productivity gains and institutional reforms -- in order to combat long-term poverty. The authors identify the countries that are on the way to sustained growth and, on the basis of case studies, the policies they have put in place to further the reform process. These policies are presented with a view to advising both emerging African economies and those seeking to join them.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789282112892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables; la mise en oeuvre des politiques ; Rapport final
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: There is widespread agreement that in order to bring about sustainable travel in urban areas, flexible, integrated policy packages are needed that send the right signals to urban land use and transport markets. The project on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies conducted by the ECMT has shown that actually implementing integrated policy packages for sustainable urban travel is easier said than done for a great number of cities in ECMT and OECD countries. While in most countries, urban land use and travel policies are defined and implemented at the local or regional levels, there is growing recognition that national governments can improve chances for implementation of integrated policy packages by providing for a flexible, sectorally integrated policy framework that sends the right messages to regions and cities via policy incentives and project financing. This report examines the ways in which national governments can act as catalysts for sustainable travel practices on a local level.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264096486
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Who finances educational facilities? What are the criteria used and how are they applied? Each country has its own system; however, the general trends are towards diversification of funding sources and decentralisation of responsibility. This publication examines the links between decentralisation and new means of financing. Although local control can guarantee greater effectiveness and responsiveness to local needs, central government remains responsible for ensuring access to equity and equality of educational opportunity. The greatest challenge in education funding consists of achieving compatibility between these objectives and technological development.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264294370
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Siena, Italy 2002
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Sienne est une province essentiellement rurale située dans le centre de l’Italie. Elle a connu une croissance économique stable tout au long de la période de l’après-guerre. Cette réussite est due à une économie variée fondée sur l’industrie manufacturière, les services, une agriculture à forte valeur ajoutée et un secteur du tourisme dynamique. Néanmoins, c’est dans ces deux derniers domaines que Sienne détient un réel avantage concurrentiel, dans la mesure où ils dépendent tous deux de la concentration exceptionnelle en ressources environnementales et culturelles qu'offre la région. C’est la nécessité d’assurer à la fois la pleine mise en valeur et la préservation de cet atout qui a justifié le soutien aux différentes initiatives de développement durable. Un effort a notamment été fait pour que le développement de la région ne soit pas mis en péril par l’impact du tourisme de masse et le manque de coordination de l’offre. Le paysage agraire est également confronté à des incertitudes, dans la mesure où la majorité des terres cultivées dépend toujours des subventions de l’Union européenne, malgré la réussite commerciale de plusieurs producteurs agricoles. Afin de répondre aux défis du développement durable, Sienne doit faire cadrer ses objectifs de développement avec les moyens les plus appropriés de les atteindre, tout en assurant la coordination et la planification de l'ensemble à long terme. L’Examen territorial de Sienne s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’Examens territoriaux, aux niveaux national et régional, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des Examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements. Les Examens territoriaux portent sur trois types de régions (urbain, intermédiaire, rural). Ils permettent de mieux comprendre les défis auxquels ces régions sont confrontées et identifient des solutions concrètes pour y faire face.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264260658
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Switzerland 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorialexamen; Schweiz
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Cet examen met l’accent sur la nécessité de redéfinir la politique régionale. La réforme du fédéralisme fiscal en cours, censée accroître l’autonomie infranationale et réduire les inégalités de manière plus efficace, est une étape importante en faveur d’un développement régional plus équilibré. L’examen insiste sur la nécessité d’étendre la politique régionale au pays tout entier, et de l’intégrer plus fortement à l’aménagement du territoire de sorte que toutes les régions puissent bénéficier des avantages de la libéralisation et de la mondialisation.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264176010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Turquie 2002 ; Une aide capitale pour la reprise économique
    Keywords: Governance ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Regulierung ; Reform ; Türkei ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Türkei ; Strukturreform ; Türkei ; Energie ; Transport ; Telekommunikation
    Abstract: Among the OECD countries, Turkey figures as a comparative latecomer to regulatory reform. Yet, there is a crucial need for it. Over the last three decades, the Turkish economy has suffered from macro-economic instability and chronic inflation, with implications for both investment and growth. Governance and regulatory structures remained weak and contributed also to the 2001 economic crisis. Nonetheless, this review notes the highly encouraging efforts currently being undertaken to reform key economic sectors, the public administration and the regulatory framework. These developments appear to mark a fundamental break with the past. Important elements, such as a clear competition policy, are already in place. Fighting corruption, among other measures, is high on the policy agenda, and constitutional amendments are reshaping the relationship between citizens and the state. The "depoliticisation" of the public sector and its renewal on a merit basis is underway. Future success will depend crucially on the continuing implementation of the programme. In particular, sustained political commitment is required well beyond the recovery from the recent crisis.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264261075
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; United Kingdom 2002
    Keywords: Environment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Thèmes couverts : Gestion de l'environnement Gestion de l'air, de l'eau et des déchets Protection de la nature et biodiversité Economie, société et environnement Intégration sectorielle : construction Coopération internationale Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans le programme d'examens par l'OCDE des performances environnementales de chaque pays Membre. Les efforts menés pour atteindre les objectifs nationaux et satisfaire aux engagements internationaux y sont évalués en détail. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales et conduisent à des recommandations sur les progrès à faire dans les domaines de l'environnement et du développement durable. Le premier cycle d'Examens des performances environnementales des pays Membres a été achevé en 2000. Examens récents disponibles Mexique 1998 Australie 1998 Suisse 1998 Belgique 1998 République tchèque 1999 Danemark 1999 Fédération de Russie* 1999 Turquie 1999 Hongrie 2000 Grèce 2000 Irlande 2000 Luxembourg 2000 Pays de l'OCDE 2001 Allemagne 2001 Islande 2001 Norvège 2001 Portugal 2001 République slovaque 2002 Japon 2002 Royaume-Uni 2002 Italie 2002 * Pays non membre de l'OCDE.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance pour le développement durable ; Étude de cinq pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This publication presents five governmental experiments aimed at promoting sustainable development in Canada, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These countries were selected on the basis of their diversity in terms of size and natural conditions. They also display a variety of economic, environmental and social conditions and cultural patterns. The five case studies illustrate specific institutional and decision-making efforts to adapt governance frameworks in order to respond to sustainable development challenges. The country studies are introduced by an analytical section, which focuses mainly on the way governments (at all levels) could develop integrated approaches to decision-making, on how they could ensure effective participation of civil society, and how they could improve their capacity to "take a longer-term view" - that is to design policies that remain sustainable over the longer-term.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195943
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Osteuropa ; Wohnungsbaufinanzierung ; Baltikum ; Hypothek ; Wohnungsbaufinanzierung
    Abstract: Housing policies of the central and eastern European countries are changing dramatically. Governments as suppliers of housing for the public are being replaced by market mechanisms in the private sector. To facilitate the development of housing markets, establishing well-functioning housing finance systems has emerged as an important policy issue for transition economies. This publication contains selected papers originally submitted to the workshop on housing finance in transition economies organised by the OECD in June 2000. It provides the first in-depth survey of current situations and challenges in the development of housing finance in major transition economies, in particular, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia. It also reviews current trends in housing finance in advanced market countries and their implications for transition economies.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264199422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: These workshop proceedings present the history leading up to the Decision in Principle of Finland on the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel and examine future perspectives with an emphasis on stakeholder involvement. The workshop was highly interactive and focused on three main topics: the stepwise decision-making process, stakeholder involvement and confidence building. All relevant stakeholder voices were heard and their viewpoints debated. An account of the individual presentations and the discussions that took place are provided in these proceedings.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.4
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Providing appropriate financial security for retirement is an issue of crucial importance to OECD Member and non-member countries alike. The approaches adopted to implement the necessary reforms vary depending on each country’s economic, social and demographic environment. Increasingly, however, reform programmes involve the establishment or extension of private pension arrangements -- the focus of attention of the International Network of Pension Regulators and Supervisors (INPRS), a group of over 130 regulatory and supervisory authorities representing more than 60 countries. In April 2001, the INPRS and the OECD (which provides the Secretariat for the Network) brought together policy makers and experts to analyse the key policy implications arising from the growth of private pensions. This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at that meeting.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/15
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The potential economic importance of electronic commerce, and the role of broadband in supporting e-commerce, has increasingly led governments to place emphasis on facilitating access to broadband networks. To a large extent the emphasis has been on a range of policies aimed at supporting development and diffusion of high speed network capability in the local loop. Although broadband infrastructure deployment is in the process of development and the extent to which it will cover entire populations or geographic areas is still not clear, governments appear to want to accelerate the infrastructure investment. There is a wide range of government initiatives structured in different ways and their underlying justifications are often quite different. In this context, the main concern of this paper is to examine whether these initiatives are efficient in spurring broadband deployment and to what extent governments should be involved. The paper argues that government policies should ...
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: While patent data are now readily available for most nations, these data are still of minimal use for economic analysis due to their mode of presentation. Patents are recorded for administrative purposes using the International Patent Classification (IPC) system, which categorises inventions by product or process. Instead, most economic researchers and analysts are interested in the particular sectors of the economy responsible for the invention or its subsequent use. The OECD Technology Concordance (OTC) presented here, like its predecessor the Yale Technology Concordance, is a tool that bridges definitions, allowing researchers to transform IPC-based patent data into patent counts by sector of the economy. This paper presents the methodology, some sample output and empirical tests of the method. It should be noted that the methodological work on the distribution of patent data by industry at the OECD is an early stage and further improvement of the OTC is expected in the ...
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9785209017042
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bridging the Innovation Gap in Russia
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Despite substantial achievements in the recent past, the innovation climate in Russia is in need of major improvements. Comprehensive institutional and policy reforms are required, including in areas outside the remit of policy makers in technology and innovation. In this context, the Helsinki Seminar on "Innovation Policy and the Valorisation of Science and Technology in Russia" gathered government officials, scientists and businessmen from Russia and several OECD Member and observer countries -- Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Hungary, Italy, Korea, the United States and Israel -- as well as from countries of the Newly Independent States (NIS). Participants examined the climate for innovation in Russia and discussed the lessons that can be drawn from the institutional reforms and recent policy initiatives in OECD countries to enhance the contribution of science and technology to innovation and growth.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2002/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La construction scolaire en Italie : Recherche et initiatives en vue d'une nouvelle stratégie
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: The Italian government and regions are preparing to approve new legislation in the field of educational building. The main topics being discussed and analysed are: quality; technological innovation; multi-functionality; resources.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.341
    Keywords: Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The UK medium-term budgetary framework introduced in 1997 addressed a number of weaknesses of the former regime, notably a bias against capital expenditure and, more generally, poor conditions for longerterm planning adversely affecting central government spending departments, local authorities and public enterprises. Departmental spending was indeed characterised by pronounced swings and capital spending was squeezed to very low levels. These weaknesses are considered the major cause for the poor performance of crucial public services. The present paper discusses the new budgetary framework and examines the scope for further improvement ...
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264070943
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 420; Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode de la dose prédéterminée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 420: Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode de la dose prédéterminée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: A principle of the method is that in the main study only moderately toxic doses are used, and the administration of doses that are expected to be lethal should be avoided. This Guideline is intended primarily for use with rat. Groups of animals of a single sex (normally females) are dosed in a stepwise procedure using the fixed doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg (exceptionally 5000 mg/kg). The initial dose level is selected on the basis of a sighting study as the dose expected to produce some signs of toxicity without causing severe toxic effects or mortality. Further groups of animals may be dosed at higher or lower fixed doses, depending on the presence or absence of signs of toxicity or mortality. This procedure continues until the dose causing evident toxicity or death is identified, or when no effects are seen at the highest dose or when deaths occur at the lowest dose. The test substance is administered in a single dose by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation canula. Animals should be fasted prior to dosing. A total of five animals of one sex will normally be used for each dose level investigated. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least weekly) and daily detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy. The method provides information on the hazardous properties and allows the substance to be classified for acute toxicity according to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/11
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper seeks to improve understanding of the links between innovation and competition policy. It is intended to help OECD Member countries identify ways in which they can design and implement policies that best promote innovation while protecting against anti-competitive behaviour. Special attention is given to the need for firms to co-operate during the innovation process, e.g. by forming joint ventures and by engaging in co-operative standard setting activities, and the special challenges such co-operation poses for competition policy. The paper specifically addresses competition challenges that arise from inter-firm co-operation that aims to commercialise inventions, diffuse innovation more broadly throughout the economy, or extend and elaborate on existing technology. Although the economic principles articulated here apply across the entire economy, the paper focuses attention on the information and communications technology sector, where the opportunities for innovation ...
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.59
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper analyses the postponement of first births of the 1990s compared to the 1980s, using panel data from four countries, namely, Germany (GSOEP), Great Britain (BHPS), the Netherlands (OSA) and Sweden (HUS). We find substantial postponement of maternity in all four countries for all educational groups with the most pronounced postponement among highly educated women in all four countries. However the mean age of the mother when giving birth to the first child reamained the lowest in Great among the four countries in both decades. Theoretically we can distinguish two motives for postponing maternity, namely, the consumptionsmoothing motive and the career-planning motive. In this paper we concentrate on an important determinant of the maternal time costs: the time spent out of paid employment. We make use of longitudinal information about the number of months elapsed since first birth until the mother is observed working in the labour market. We estimate parametric duration ...
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.317
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews recent studies on the links between competition, innovation and productivity growth in the long run. From a long-run perspective, one can see that gains from competition-enhancing regulatory reform are likely to exceed static gains observed in the short run since firms will continue to innovate in ways they would not have under regulation. By taking a dynamic perspective on competition and efficiency, one can also understand better the new modes of competition observed in “dynamically competitive” industries. This paper also attempts to cover some of relatively new research areas including: i) measuring welfare gains from product innovation; ii) competition and efficiency in e-commerce, education, and health care; and iii) interactions between product- and factor-market competition ...
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.335
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: It is often claimed that tax and welfare reforms that aim at enhancing efficiency may come at the cost of cyclical stabilisation. Reducing the generosity of welfare systems and lowering taxes may boost efficiency and output, and improve market adjustment to shocks. But, by reducing the size of automatic stabilisers, it may also imply less cyclical smoothing. This would be unwelcome in EMU given the loss of national monetary autonomy and the well-known pitfalls of active fiscal management. This paper argues that the alleged trade-off between efficiency/flexibility and stabilisation may not exist. We show that, if the initial level of the tax burden is high, reducing it may lead to higher output stabilisation in the event of a supply shock and higher inflation stabilisation in the event of a demand shock. The threshold level of taxation depends on the preferences of the central bank over inflation and output. Econometric and numerical simulations show that European countries — ...
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.196
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Many existing works using firm-level data sets have examined whether or not knowledge spills over from MNEs to domestically owned firms in a less developed country, but the literature has not come to a general consensus on the presence of spillovers. A possible reason for the mixed results is that they do not adequately address domestic and foreign efforts for active diffusion. The present paper thus incorporates R&D activities and human resource development conducted by MNEs and domestic firms to investigate whether these activities enhance knowledge diffusion from MNEs, using establishment-level panel data for the Indonesian manufacturing sector. We find that R&D activities and human resource development conducted by MNEs stimulate knowledge diffusion from MNEs to domestic firms, while knowledge diffusion from MNEs without such activities is absent. Moreover, R&D activities by a domestic firm are also found to promote knowledge diffusion from MNEs to the firm, although this ...
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264196421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; La formation tout au long de la vie en Norvège 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : La formation tout au long de la vie en Norvège 2002
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: Norway is a test-bed for the implementation of a bold vision of lifelong learning. There is broad and strong political support within Norway for lifelong learning as a next logical step for a highly developed country with a highly educated population, confronted with challenges ranging from economic re-structuring, to an ageing workforce, the contradictions of labour shortages and increased leisure time, and an increasingly diverse society. But even in Norway the institutional arrangements and policies fall short of a systemic approach to lifelong learning. The most obvious shortcomings concern adults where there are daunting issues regarding the governance and finance of adult learning. Leadership is a vexed issue insofar as successful implementation depends on concerted action by several ministries as well as the social partners. Choice, equity and quality are in many cases conflicting objectives and difficult trade-offs have to be resolved. Norway is advanced, relative to other countries, in the development of new politics regarding the knowledge society. Indeed, it can be argued that if lifelong learning is to succeed anywhere, Norway is one of the most likely places in view of its history of reforms, co-operation among bodies, high educational standards and outcomes. Lessons from the experience with this approach can be usefully applied in other settings. This study is divided into two parts: the background report (which was prepared by the Norwegian authorities) and the OECD Examiners' report.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.342
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: We analyse the impact of innovation activity and product and labour market institutions on multi-factor productivity in a panel of 23 industries in 18 OECD countries using a novel harmonised database. First, we provide evidence of convergence in productivity levels within most industries across OECD countries. Convergence is however stronger in services than in manufacturing and, in the latter sector, it is weaker for high-tech industries. We also find evidence that the impact of innovation activity (proxied by R&D expenditure) on productivity depends on market structure and technological characteristics, with a stronger impact for technological leaders in high-tech industries. In addition, anti-competitive product market regulations are negatively associated with productivity performance. The negative effect is larger the further a country is from the technological frontier, because such regulations hinder the process of technology adoption. Finally, there is also evidence in the ...
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Exemples de bonnes pratiques relatives aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE régissant la protection des consommateurs dans le contexte du commerce électronique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This set of best practice examples provides additional practical guidance to governments, businesses and consumers on several aspects of the 1999 Guidelines.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264099012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: With over 80 indicators based on the most up-to-date official statistics, this study provides a comprehensive international comparison of OECD Member countries' performance in the information economy. New indicators address emerging policy issues: international differences in the quality and price of the ICT infrastructure, diffusion of Internet technologies in larger and smaller firms, relative size of cross-border electronic transactions, barriers to Internet commerce. This publication combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability: the essential findings are presented in bullet points, and methodological notes on indicators and data sources are provided. For the first time data annexes with time series for the ICT sector are available.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.1
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper provides an extensive review of the most relevant issues involved in the management of teacher demand and supply at the pre-tertiary level. First, it proposes a conceptual framework for distinguishing among, defining and relating the different relevant factors. Second, it identifies trends and policy concerns regarding the quality of the teaching workforce across the OECD area. Third, it provides an account of current empirical evidence on numerous aspects (e.g. class size, reward structure, working conditions, teacher education, certification procedures, organisation of schools, evaluation systems, structure of labour market, teaching and learning practices) impacting on the teaching profession. Some concerns about maintaining an adequate supply of good quality teachers emerge. It is the case that in a great number of countries the age profile of teachers is skewed towards the older end of the age-range and signs point to a recent worsening of the situation. In addition, the relative attractiveness of the profession, as far as the salary dimension is concerned, has declined substantially in the most recent years. Other evidence indicates that, at least in some countries, a substantial share of the teaching workforce does not hold a regular teaching license and the proportion of “out-of-field” teaching assignments is strikingly high in many subject key areas. It is also emphasised that a teacher shortage is difficult to measure and raises quality as well as quantity concerns. Given that teacher quality is a critical factor in determining student learning, it is entirely appropriate that the educational authorities in the countries with the greatest difficulties develop strategies to guarantee a sufficient supply of quality teachers. This report identifies a broad set of policies that should be given serious consideration to achieve that objective. Finally, this paper also sheds light on the current availability of data on teachers at OECD and relevant data needs for a future quantitative analysis.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2002/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Centres municipaux de formation en Hongrie
    Keywords: Education ; Hungary
    Abstract: This article describes some current challenges for those making decisions related to educational facilities in Hungary, explains who should be involved in the design process and presents the make-up of the functional units of educational community centres.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789282122952
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.118
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tolls on Interurban Road Infrastructure; An Economic Evaluation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Tolls on Interurban Road Infrastructure: An Economic Evaluation
    Keywords: Transport ; Ballungsraum ; Verkehrsverbund ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Le péage n’est pas à proprement parler une invention contemporaine. La technique du péage est très ancienne et ses fondements théoriques remontent loin dans le passé. On peut cependant remarquer que les finalités du péage ont été diverses et variées au cours du temps. Droit de passage à l’origine, le péage a été utilisé ultérieurement pour le financement et les dépenses d’entretien des infrastructures, avant de devenir un élément d’internalisation des coûts externes et de gestion de la demande. A l’heure actuelle, deux motifs principaux sont avancés pour justifier l’instauration de péages : les traditionnels besoins de financement et la recherche d’une certaine efficacité dans l’usage des infrastructures. Cependant, comme le montre cette Table Ronde, les péages ne sont pas une panacée et leur introduction peut être politiquement délicate. Cette Table Ronde offre un large panorama, tant de la perspective théorique du péage que des problèmes concrets posés par son application. Elle permet de faire le point, d’une manière scientifique, sur une question d’actualité brûlante à un moment où plusieurs pays envisagent d’instaurer des péages électroniques généralisés.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264296008
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Safety on Roads; What's the Vision?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Safety on Roads: What's the Vision?
    Keywords: Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Straßenverkehr
    Abstract: Environ 125 000 personnes meurent chaque année sur les routes des pays de l’OCDE. En d’autres termes, toutes les quatre minutes une personne est tuée dans un accident de la circulation. La véritable tragédie est que ces accidents ainsi que les décès et blessures qui en résultent pourraient, dans une large mesure, être évités. Les arguments en faveur de l’investissement pour la sécurité routière ne sont pas uniquement de nature émotionnelle. Les accidents de la route ont un coût économique important qui peut représenter, dans certains pays, jusqu’à 4% du PIB. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, le nombre de tués sur les routes pourrait être diminué de moitié si tous les gouvernements s'engageaient pleinement à améliorer la sécurité routière en mettant en œuvre les meilleures pratiques et en les faisant respecter.Le rapport identifie et évalue les meilleures pratiques parmi les programmes de sécurité routière des pays de l’OCDE. L’accent est mis sur les programmes pour lesquels une évaluation a été conduite. En outre, afin de faciliter le développement de politiques de sécurité routière efficaces dans les pays Membres, le rapport identifie les critères sous-jacents qui influencent la réussite ou l’échec de ces « meilleures pratiques ».
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Poland 2002: From Transition to New Regulatory Challenges
    Keywords: Polen ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Regulierung ; Deregulierung
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264161139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) ; Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) : Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; Netherlands ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Reconciling work and family life involves two key goals for both individuals and society: being able to work, to earn an income while participating in the most important social activity of modern life, and providing the best care and nurturing for one’s own children. This first OECD review of the reconciliation of work and family life looks at the challenges parents of young children confront when trying to square their work and care commitments, and the implications for social and labour market trends. It considers the current mix of family-friendly policies in Australia, Denmark, and the Netherlands and explores how this policy balance contributes to different labour market and other societal outcomes in these three countries.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289369
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance in the 21st Century
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance im 21. Jahrhundert
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance in the 21st Century (Korean version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Politik ; Zukunft ; Governance ; Zukunft
    Abstract: Au seuil du XXIe siècle, les bouleversements qui accompagnent la transformation de l’économie et de la société semblent devoir se poursuivre. L'intégration croissante des marchés, des nouvelles technologies révolutionnaires, la technicité de plus en plus marquée des activités humaines, tout indique la naissance d'un monde extrêmement complexe. Mais comment sera-t-il géré ? Et par qui ? Quelles modalités d'organisation et de prise de décision faudra-t-il mettre en œuvre aux niveaux local, national et mondial pour relever les défis des prochaines décennies ? Une chose paraît certaine : les modes de gouvernance hérités du passé (qu’il s’agisse du secteur public, des sociétés commerciales ou de la société civile) sont de plus en plus inefficaces. Au cours des toutes prochaines décennies, de nouveaux modes de gouvernance s'imposeront qui devront faire intervenir un éventail d’acteurs beaucoup plus large. L’organisation hiérarchique traditionnelle et le contrôle descendant feront place au partage des responsabilités et de la prise de décision, les clefs de voûte d'un tel partage étant la créativité et la capacité d'innover des groupes et des individus. Ce livre examine un certain nombre de possibilités et de risques (économiques, sociaux et technologiques) que les décideurs devront prendre en considération dans les années à venir. Il propose quelques pistes en vue de renforcer la capacité des sociétés à organiser leur avenir avec plus de souplesse tout en développant la participation des citoyens.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264293359
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (535 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in Ireland 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in Ireland 2001
    Keywords: Governance ; Ireland ; Irland ; Regulierung ; Reform
    Abstract: La réforme de la réglementation a commencé en Irlande plus tard que dans de nombreux autres pays, mais elle progresse maintenant sur un large front. A la suite des performances économiques remarquables que le pays a enregistrées durant les années 90, la réforme de la réglementation aide à maîtriser les conséquences de cet essor et à pérenniser l’expansion. La réforme lève d’importants obstacles à la poursuite de la croissance, qu’ils tiennent à l’infrastructure ou à l’action publique. Elle favorise des gains d'efficacité qui contribuent à la maîtrise de l'inflation et elle instaure une économie plus compétitive et plus flexible qui peut innover, s’adapter et continuer de prospérer tandis qu’évolueront les moteurs de son expansion. Mais beaucoup reste à faire. Des goulots d’étranglement dans l'équipement d’infrastructure, ainsi que la pénurie de main-d’œuvre et l’insuffisance des moyens d'action du secteur public, brident encore la croissance. Le manque de concurrence dans certains secteurs clés compromet les performances à venir. Prenant acte des progrès substantiels réalisés ces dernières années, le présent rapport recommande une stratégie de réforme de la réglementation plus cohérente et plus déterminée.A l’instar d’autres pays Membres, l’Irlande a demandé à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires nationales et de ses réformes internes de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage présente une évaluation approfondie de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines cadres comme la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en œuvre et l’ouverture des marchés. Il comprend aussi des chapitres sectoriels, portant par exemple sur les télécommunications, l’électricité, le gaz, les pharmacies et les services juridiques, ainsi qu’une évaluation du contexte macroéconomique de la réforme. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l’échelon international.Dans la même série : La réforme de la réglementation en Corée La réforme de la réglementation au Danemark La réforme de la réglementation en Espagne La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis La réforme de la réglementation en Grèce La réforme de la réglementation en Hongrie La réforme de la réglementation en Italie La réforme de la réglementation au Japon La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas La réforme de la réglementation en République tchèqueL’analyse générale sur laquelle se fondent les examens par pays est exposée dans le Rapport de l’OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation - Synthèse, et le document d’appui en deux volumes : Rapport de l’OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation - Études sectorielles - Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264296398
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Datenschutz
    Abstract: Les Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la protection de la vie privée et les flux transfrontières de données de caractère personnel, adoptées le 23 septembre 1980, traduisent toujours un consensus international sur les orientations générales concernant le recueil et la gestion d’informations de caractère personnel. En définissant les principes essentiels applicables dans ce domaine, les Lignes directrices jouent un rôle important en aidant les gouvernements, les entreprises et les représentants des consommateurs, à protéger la vie privée et les données personnelles, tout en évitant des restrictions inutiles aux flux transfrontières de données, en ligne ou hors ligne. Reflet de vingt et un ans d'expertise et d'expériences partagées entre représentants des gouvernements de l'OCDE, des entreprises et de l'industrie, ainsi que de la société civile, cet ouvrage contient les instruments qui servent de fondement à la protection de la vie privée au niveau mondial : les Lignes directrices régissant la protection de la vie privée et les flux transfrontières de données de caractère personnel (1980), la Déclaration sur les flux transfrontières de données (1985) et la Déclaration relative à la protection de la vie privée sur les réseaux (1988).
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Performance Environmental Reviews (Slovak version): Slovak Republic
    Keywords: Slowakei ; Umweltpolitik
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264275065
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Household Consumption?; Trends and Policies in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Household Consumption?: Trends and Policies in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Environment ; Privater Verbrauch ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: La poursuite des objectifs de développement durable passe par un changement des modes de consommation. Dix ans après le Sommet de la Terre de Rio de Janeiro, quel bilan peut-on dresser ? Les pays de l'OCDE se sont-ils engagés dans la voie de la consommation durable ? Comment promouvoir une consommation durable de façon efficace ? Ce livre offre une étude complète des tendances de consommation des ménages dans cinq domaines clés : la consommation alimentaire, les transports liés au tourisme, la consommation d’eau et d’énergie et la production de déchets. Il rassemble des éléments essentiels permettant de mieux comprendre les enjeux liés à la consommation et les réponses politiques qui peuvent être apportées : déterminants de la consommation et tendances, impacts environnementaux, politiques adoptées et recommandations d’actions. L'analyse met en évidence une aggravation des impacts environnementaux liés aux activités des ménages au cours des trois dernières décennies et son intensification probable dans les vingt prochaines années (en particulier dans les domaines de l'énergie, du transport et des déchets) si des politiques adéquates ne sont pas mises en oeuvre. Cet ouvrage propose un cadre d’analyse des politiques pour répondre à ce défi, et identifie les combinaisons d’instruments (économiques, réglementaires, sociaux) pour promouvoir un mode de consommation durable des ménages.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264291966
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Public Debt Markets; Trends and Recent Structural Changes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Public Debt Markets: Trends and Recent Structural Changes
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Internationaler Kapitalmarkt ; Festverzinsliches Wertpapier ; Debt Management ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Wertpapiermarkt ; Staatsanleihe ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Rentenmarkt ; Staatsanleihe ; Debt Management ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage constitue une source autorisée d’informations récentes sur les marchés des titres d’emprunt d’Amérique du Nord, de la région Asie-Pacifique et d’Europe. Rédigé par les responsables nationaux de la gestion de la dette publique eux-mêmes, il donne un aperçu sans équivalent des pratiques à suivre en matière de politique et de technique de gestion de la dette publique. Cette étude porte également sur les problèmes et l’action des autorités sur les marchés émergents de la dette publique. Elle reflète les progrès qui ont été accomplis dans la compréhension des politiques à suivre grâce au dialogue mené avec les gestionnaires de la dette publique des marchés émergents (en lien notamment avec les crises financières). Le lecteur trouvera dans cet ouvrage des précisions sur les tendances observées ou les politiques suivies dans différents pays et régions, ainsi que des analyses de référence ; ces informations sont présentées sous forme de tableaux et graphiques, ou dans des chapitres consacrés spécifiquement aux pays ou aux régions. Enfin, parmi les grandes questions posées aux pouvoirs publics qui sont examinées dans cet ouvrage, on retiendra notamment les implications des excédents budgétaires, l’importance croissante des systèmes de négociation électronique, l’évolution de l’organisation des offices de gestion de la dette publique et le recours aux instruments dérivés.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295858
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Transport; Mobility Needs and Safety Issues
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Transport: Mobility Needs and Safety Issues
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Älterer Mensch ; Fahrtüchtigkeit ; Älterer Mensch ; Mobilität
    Abstract: Les personnes âgées présentent-elles un risque pour les autres en terme de sécurité routière ? Les examens de conduite obligatoires sont-ils efficaces pour déterminer les aptitudes des conducteurs âgés ? Enfin, en ce 21ème siècle, les pays Membres de l'OCDE sont-ils prêts à faire face aux besoins de sécurité et de mobilité de la génération du baby boom ? Ce rapport sur les besoins de mobilité et les problèmes de sécurité liés au vieillissement de la population remet en question de nombreuses idées préconçues ou erronées sur les personnes âgées et la route. Il propose en outre des recommandations tant pour l’action des pouvoirs publics que pour la recherche afin d'assurer aux personnes âgées une mobilité sûre tout au long de leur vie.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295599
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Income; Financial Resources and Retirement in 9 OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Income: Financial Resources and Retirement in 9 OECD Countries
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Alter ; Einkommen
    Abstract: Cette étude fera date : elle exploite toute une masse de données nouvelles concernant le bien-être matériel des personnes âgées dans neuf pays de l’OCDE - Allemagne, Canada, Etats-Unis, Finlande, Italie, Japon, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni et Suède. Elle met en lumière les défis auxquels les responsables gouvernementaux sont confrontés alors que s’annonce le départ à la retraite de la génération issue du baby boom. Les conclusions de cette publication sont souvent surprenantes. Les politiques mises en place sont couronnées de succès dans tous les pays étudiés : les personnes âgées, quel que soit leur revenu, voient leur niveau de vie se maintenir, ou même s’accroître, à partir du moment où elles cessent de travailler. C’est une observation générale, en dépit de grandes différences dans la conception des politiques publiques et dans l’ampleur des régimes publics de pension. Les ressources dont disposent les personnes âgées découlent de systèmes beaucoup plus complexes que les politiques publiques ne l’indiquent habituellement et, si elles jouent un rôle important, ces politiques ont néanmoins une incidence moins directe qu’on ne l’imagine souvent. La démographie et les mutations du marché du travail rendent certaines réformes indispensables. Tout l’enjeu consiste à opérer les changements nécessaires sans annihiler les réussites du passé. La tâche est ardue mais on peut tout à fait y parvenir. Il y a, en particulier, beaucoup à attendre de modifications, même limitées, de l’équilibre entre l’activité et la retraite. Cette étude examine les diverses façons dont les neuf pays abordent le problème, et les leçons que l’on peut tirer de leur expérience. Elle sera extrêmement précieuse aux décideurs, aux chercheurs et aux citoyens, qui s'intéressent aux défis que le vieillissement de la population pose à nos sociétés.
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  • 54
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Tzoumerka, Greece 2002
    Keywords: Tzoumerka-Gebiet ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264299115
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264276246
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policy Instruments for Achieving Environmentally Sustainable Transport
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Verkehr ; Umweltschutz ; Politische Steuerung ; Verkehrspolitik ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: Transporter les personnes et les marchandises de façon écologiquement viable constituera l’un des grands défis du XXIème siècle. Globalement, les progrès réalisés à ce jour sur la voie de la viabilité écologique dans le secteur des transports sont insuffisants. Il faut adopter une nouvelle approche ciblée qui fasse de l’environnement et de la santé des priorités d’action en ce qui concerne les transports et les secteurs connexes, aux plans international, national et local. Au terme de cinq ans de réflexion, le Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur les transports a récemment présenté des lignes directrices pour des transports écologiquement viables (TEV), ainsi que les rapports d’analyse connexes, qui ont été approuvés par les ministres de l’Environnement des pays de l’OCDE réunis à Paris le 16 mai 2001.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264258396
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Official Development Assistance and Private Finance; Attracting Finance and Investment to Developing Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Official Development Assistance and Private Finance: Attracting Finance and Investment to Developing Countries
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Private Investition
    Abstract: Comment les pays en développement peuvent-ils instaurer un climat propre à stimuler les apports de capitaux et d’investissements privés ? Quel rôle les donneurs, bilatéraux et multilatéraux, le secteur privé et les ONG peuvent-ils jouer pour aider à mobiliser des financements et des investissements privés au profit des pays en développement ? Telles sont quelques-unes des principales questions qui ont été débattues au Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) en février 2002 afin de préparer la Conférence internationale sur le financement du développement prévue en mars suivant à Monterrey, au Mexique. Ce compte rendu du Forum met en évidence les conditions essentielles par lesquelles passe la promotion d’apports de capitaux et d’investissements privés vers les pays en développement, à savoir notamment le respect de saines pratiques de gestion financière et de gouvernement d’entreprise et l’instauration de partenariats entre les secteurs public et privé. Cet ouvrage propose également un inventaire des programmes existants et des outils novateurs qui pourraient être utilisés pour contribuer à la réalisation de ces objectifs. Il comprend diverses études de cas et recense un certain nombre de pratiques exemplaires pour l’instauration d’un climat propice à l’investissement et la promotion du développement du secteur privé et du secteur financier.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299566
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264296237
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Insurance Solvency Supervision; OECD Country Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Insurance Solvency Supervision: OECD Country Profiles
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Versicherungsaufsicht ; Versicherungsbetrieb ; Liquidität ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Le monde de l'assurance joue un rôle croissant dans les économies nationales, ce qui ne fait que renforcer l'importance de la solvabilité des compagnies d'assurance. Or, comment se tenir informé des règles et pratiques régissant le contrôle de la santé financière des compagnies d'assurance au sein des pays de l'OCDE ? Cet ouvrage propose une synthèse des contributions des 30 pays de l'OCDE sur la réglementation nationale du contrôle de la solvabilité de l'assurance, son organisation pratique et les mesures prises en cas de difficultés. Il contient également une analyse comparative des différents systèmes de contrôle de la solvabilité mis en place dans les pays de l'OCDE. Cet ouvrage de référence est destiné à toutes les personnes désireuses d'approfondir leur connaissance de ces structures.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264291997
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
    Keywords: Agrarförderung
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264271197
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Logistics; Shared Solutions to Common Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport Logistics: Shared Solutions to Common Challenges
    Keywords: Transport ; Industry and Services ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Logistik
    Abstract: La mondialisation et les progrès des technologies de l’information et des communications ont refaçonné les caractéristiques du commerce mondial. Aujourd’hui, les entreprises compétitives au niveau international gèrent leurs activités par le biais de réseaux globaux intégrés conçus pour répondre avec efficacité et sérieux aux demandes du marché d’où qu’elles viennent. Cette tendance a donné le jour aux termes « logistique globale » ou « gestion de la chaîne d’approvisionnement ». En outre, les préoccupations environnementales croissantes exigent une logistique qui soit non seulement efficace mais également favorable au développement durable. Comment les gouvernements perçoivent-ils l’état actuel des systèmes logistiques ? Existe-t-il une vision partagée des réseaux logistiques mondiaux à développer sur laquelle les gouvernements pourraient fonder leurs réflexions ? Quelles sont les contraintes pour parvenir à des réseaux logistiques efficaces et respectueux de l’environnement ? Le projet TRILOG de l’OCDE vise à fournir une perspective sur ces questions clés grâce à l’échange d’approches et d’expériences relatives à la logistique du transport de marchandises en Asie-Pacifique, en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. Ce rapport cherche à identifier les contraintes et à analyser les problèmes communs aux trois régions. Il propose des solutions et des approches susceptibles de faciliter le développement de politiques visant à promouvoir une logistique efficace et durable au niveau international.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Siena, Italy 2002
    Keywords: Provinz Siena ; Wirtschaft
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Lithuania 2002
    Keywords: Litauen ; Bildungswesen ; Litauen ; Bildungsreform
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264288409
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.4
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.4
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Tax Incentives for Foreign Direct Investment
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Cette étude traite d'un sujet d’une actualité brûlante : l'utilisation d'incitations fiscales pour attirer les investissements directs étrangers (IDE). La capacité d’offrir un cadre fiscal compétitif sur le plan international est de plus en plus considérée comme un facteur déterminant pour attirer les IDE. L’impôt sur les sociétés apparaissant comme l’élément dont l’incidence est la plus directe sur les entreprises multinationales, c’est sur cet impôt que se concentrent les pressions en faveur d’une réduction de la fiscalité du pays d’accueil afin d’attirer des capitaux. D’un autre côté, l’impôt sur les sociétés tient une place importante dans les recettes publiques et permet d’atteindre des revenus de source intérieure qui auraient pu sinon échapper à l’impôt. La volonté d’imposer ces revenus sans décourager les investisseurs soulève des questions cruciales concernant, d’une part, la sensibilité de l’investissement direct à la fiscalité et, d’autre part, la répartition souhaitable des différentes dispositions fiscales qui déterminent le niveau des prélèvements dans le pays d’accueil et influent sur les comportements en matière d’investissement et de financement. Cette étude examine diverses dispositions relatives à l’impôt sur les sociétés qui visent à promouvoir les IDE. Elle passe également en revue un certain nombre de problèmes liés à l’évaluation de leur efficacité. La question cruciale étant de savoir combien d’investissements additionnels les allégements fiscaux peuvent engendrer, et à quel coût, l’étude fait la synthèse des découvertes empiriques récentes. Celles-ci font apparaître une sensibilité croissante des IDE aux prélèvements fiscaux dans le pays d’accueil, ce qui est cohérent avec le mouvement de mondialisation de la production. On constate par ailleurs que certaines approches favorisent les stratégies d’optimisation fiscale et conduisent à des pertes involontaires de recettes fiscales. L’étude insiste sur la nécessité d’évaluer les interactions fiscales possibles entre le pays d’origine et le pays d’accueil, car elles influencent l’efficacité des incitations fiscales. De façon plus générale, l’étude souligne la nécessité d’aller au-delà de ce que l’analyse économique traditionnelle peut nous apprendre. Bien que cette étude soit surtout destinée à servir de guide aux décideurs dans les économies de marché émergentes, elle peut aussi, plus généralement, constituer un document de référence pour les analystes dans le domaine de la politique fiscale.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264062870
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (293 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264063303
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264275126
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Benchmarking Intermodal Freight Transport
    Keywords: Transport ; Kombinierter Verkehr
    Abstract: Qu’est-ce qu’un transport intermodal de marchandises efficace ? Comment mettre en évidence les « meilleures pratiques » ? Quelles mesures les pays de l’OCDE prennent-ils pour évaluer l’efficacité relative des modes de transport et des combinaisons modales ? Comment peut-on améliorer les chaînes complexes du transport intermodal ? Enfin, comment identifier ces possibilités d’amélioration et les évaluer ? Le marché mondial d’aujourd’hui étant très concurrentiel, il exige des systèmes de transport intermodal qui répondent aux attentes de l’industrie en matière d’efficacité et de fiabilité, ainsi qu’aux impératifs de développement durable des pouvoirs publics. Si l’évaluation comparative est assurément un instrument qui contribue à la réalisation de ces objectifs, comment peut-on la mettre en oeuvre de façon concrète ? Ce rapport analyse des exemples d’évaluation comparative pour éclairer ces importantes questions.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Canada 2002
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social planning Canada ; Sustainable development Canada ; Canada Economic conditions ; 1991- ; Canada Economic policy ; 1991-
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264062788
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264063082
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264063174
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264296459
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. GATS; The Case for Open Services Markets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. GATS; Plädoyer für offene Dienstleistungsmärkte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. GATS: The Case for Open Services Markets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. GATS: Plädoyer für offene Dienstleistungsmärkte
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: L'Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS) est l’un des principaux succès de la diplomatie commerciale multilatérale de la fin du 20ème siècle, mais il est au centre des controverses que suscite la politique commerciale en ce début du nouveau millénaire. Comme le prévoyait le « programme incorporé » du cycle d’Uruguay, les négociations menées à l’OMC dans le domaine des services ont officiellement repris le 1er janvier 2000. A mesure que les négociations sur les services ont progressé, l’AGCS est devenu le point de mire d’un certain nombre de groupes de la société civile représentant des intérêts divers. Les arguments avancés à l’encontre de l’AGCS concernent principalement la menace qu’il ferait prétendument peser sur le droit souverain des pays de réglementer la production, la vente, la distribution ou l’importation de services, et d’assurer eux-mêmes la fourniture de services au plan international. Si, pour la plupart, ces arguments reposent sur des malentendus que cette étude vise à corriger, les préoccupations suscitées par l’AGCS, par ses effets sur les services publics et ses conséquences pour la souveraineté nationale et pour le pouvoir de réglementation des autorités n’en sont pas moins bien réelles et ne doivent pas être ignorées. Les négociations en cours offrent précisément aux gouvernements l’occasion de donner à toutes les parties concernées des informations sur le contenu de l’AGCS et sur ce qu’il implique pour les objectifs économiques et sociaux au niveau national. Pour être utile, toutefois, il est indispensable que le débat soit fondé sur des faits et non sur des malentendus. Cette étude a un triple objectif. Premièrement, rappeler les raisons économiques qui sous-tendent la réforme des secteurs de services et le bien-fondé de l’action menée par les pouvoirs publics pour ouvrir les marchés de services par le biais d’une libéralisation des échanges et de l’investissement. Deuxièmement, répondre aux préoccupations suscitées par les effets de l’AGCS en expliquant le fonctionnement de l’accord, les obligations auxquelles souscrivent les membres de l’OMC et les options qui s’ouvrent à eux dans ce contexte. Troisièmement, mettre en lumière quelques-uns des principaux enjeux du cycle actuel de négociations au titre de l’AGCS, en attirant particulièrement l’attention sur les intérêts et les préoccupations des pays en développement et en rappelant les possibilités qu’offre l’AGCS pour jeter les bases d’une réforme des marchés de services propre à favoriser le développement.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264293113
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (155 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 2000 Issue 2; Special Issue on New Science and Technology Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 2000 Issue 2: Special Issue on New Science and Technology Indicators
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264063013
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development ; Senegal
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264063310
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264063129
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264063235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development ; Ghana
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264062702
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264062719
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264063167
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789665181637
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The Public Management Occasional Papers are specialised reports prepared for the work of the OECD's Public Management Committee. Member countries are increasingly financing government services through user charging. The objective of user charging is not only to achieve cost recovery from users, but also to make government services more effective and efficient. This report presents the OECD Best Practice Guidelines for User Charging for Government Services and accompanying case studies.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264299269
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires ; Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'information, la consultation et la participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participación ciudadana ; Manual de la OCDE sobre información,consulta y participación en la elaboración de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O cidadão como parceiro; Manual da OCDE sobre informação, consulta e participação na formulação de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Romanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires : Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'information, la consultation et la participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participación ciudadana : Manual de la OCDE sobre información,consulta y participación en la elaboración de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O cidadão como parceiro: Manual da OCDE sobre informação, consulta e participação na formulação de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Romanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Il Manuale offre un’assistenza pratica ai funzionari amministrativi nell’ambito del rafforzamento delle relazioni tra amministrazione pubblica e cittadini. Esso associa un breve esame dei concetti di base, dei principi a concreti esempi di buone pratiche, di strumenti (in particolare le nuove tecnologie dell’informazione e delle comunicazioni) e ad una serie di consigli ispirati all’esperienza pratica. Il metodo e le attività illustrati nel Manuale sono volti a sostenere e a completare il ruolo delle istituzioni della democrazia in materia di relazioni tra amministrazione e cittadini e a consolidare il processo democratico. ALTRE LETTURE DI RIFERIMENTO: Citizens as Partners: Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-making.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264066083
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greener Public Purchasing; Issues and Practical Solutions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marchés publics et environnement ; Problèmes et solutions pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greener Public Purchasing: Issues and Practical Solutions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marchés publics et environnement : Problèmes et solutions pratiques
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Government consumption of products and services in OECD Member countries is estimated to be responsible for 9 to 25% of GDP. Given the importance of public purchasing, national and local authorities have been paying increasing attention to the opportunities to improve the environment by selecting environmentally sounder products. This publication describes the successes, the efforts and the difficulties encountered within Member countries by focusing on the role and concerns of the officials that operate purchasing. Also, it shows how greener public purchasing can support a number of other crucial policy objectives such as the reduction of government operating costs, the improvement of governance, and the reduction of greenhouse gases.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295926
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of Money
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L’argent a vocation à devenir numérique. Au fil du temps, les objets, les pièces et les billets qui ont constitué les différentes formes matérielles de la monnaie ont peu à peu cédé la place à des moyens de paiement plus abstraits comme les lettres de change, les chèques et les cartes de crédit. Dans les années à venir, cette marche vers la monnaie virtuelle se poursuivra inéluctablement. A mesure que progresseront les technologies de l’information et des communications et la biométrie, à mesure que les actifs incorporels deviendront la principale source de valeur ajoutée dans une économie du savoir en pleine expansion, et à mesure que le public dans son ensemble se rendra compte des avantages offerts par les transactions numériques, les formes de paiement virtuelles s’imposeront. Combien de temps faudra-t-il pour que ce phénomène se généralise, et l’argent liquide disparaîtra-t-il définitivement ? Quel en sera l’impact sur notre vie quotidienne ? Faut-il craindre une aggravation des clivages qui marquent déjà nos sociétés ? La monnaie virtuelle risque-t-elle de compromettre le contrôle de la masse monétaire, et par conséquent de faire resurgir le spectre de l’inflation ? Que vont devenir les banques centrales ? Cet ouvrage apporte des réponses à toutes ces questions et bien d’autres encore, tout aussi essentielles, éclairant ainsi de façon opportune les raisons et les modalités du passage de l’argent à l’ère du numérique.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264034709
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Working Together Towards Sustainable Development; The OECD Experience
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Working Together Towards Sustainable Development: The OECD Experience
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce rapport évalue la contribution apportée par les pays de l'OCDE et rassemble les principaux enseignements qui se dégagent des importants travaux de l'OCDE sur le développement durable.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264064744
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy; The Domestic Policy Challenges; Synthesis Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale ; Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure ; Rapport de synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy; The Domestic Policy Challenges; Synthesis Report (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy: The Domestic Policy Challenges: Synthesis Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale : Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure : Rapport de synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy: The Domestic Policy Challenges: Synthesis Report (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This publication presents a synthesis of the main findings and policy recommendations of China in the World Economy: Domestic Policy Challenges. After more than two decades of progress in market reforms and trade and investment liberalisation, the entry of China into the World Trade Organisation marks a new era for its integration into the world economy. Drawing on the experiences of OECD Members over the past 50 years, and the Organisation’s extensive work with non-Member economies around the world, this publication provides readers with a synthetic view of the interrelated domestic policy issues at stake and with specific recommendations as to actions to be taken. List of themes: Agricultural prospects and policies Rural industries Implications for the rural economy Overview of industry prospects Priorities for industry reorganisation and restructuring Technology challenges for China’s industries Challenges to the banking industry The development of the insurance industry Prospects for the distribution sector Foreign direct investment: prospects and policies An OECD perspective on regulatory reform in China The role of competition law and policy Establishing effective governance for China's enterprises Developing the financial system and financial regulatory policies Priorities for development of China’s capital markets Labour market and social benefit policies Environmental priorities for China’s sustainable development The current tax system and priorities for reform Public sector budget management issues Issues concerning central-local government fiscal relations China's regional development: prospects and policies Macroeconomic policy priorities Annex 1 : Summary of China’s commitments under WTO Annex 2 : Summary of studies of the impact of WTO on China This publication is part of the OECD's ongoing co-operation with non-Member economies around the world.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264033993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projet de l'OCDE sur les pratiques fiscales dommageables ; Rapport d'étape 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projet de l'OCDE sur les pratiques fiscales dommageables : Rapport d'étape 2001
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This Report describes progress made in identifying and addressing harmful tax practices within and outside the OECD. In addition to reporting on the work done in connection with tax havens, it also discusses the work related to Member countries and non-Member economies. It is a follow-up to the June 2000 Report and responds to the 1998 Ministerial Mandate to address harmful tax competition (1998 Report).In developing this Report, the OECD seeks to establish a framework within which all countries - large and small, rich and poor, OECD and non-OECD - can work together constructively to eliminate harmful tax practices with respect to highly mobile activities such as in the financial and service areas. The OECD seeks to encourage an environment in which free and fair tax competition can take place in order to assist in achieving its overall aims to foster economic growth and development world-wide.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264281905
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in Hungary 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in Hungary 2000
    Keywords: Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: En une décennie de réformes énergiques, la Hongrie a édifié l'appareil juridique et le cadre d'action qui correspondent à une démocratie de marché. Elle a ainsi presque achevé une mutation économique historique. Cette ambitieuse entreprise a nécessité un vaste effort de réglementation et de développement des institutions, ainsi qu’une déréglementation massive, et elle a déjà eu des retombées économiques appréciables. Aujourd'hui, la convergence avec l'UE et l’application des meilleures pratiques de l’OCDE tiennent encore de la gageure. Toutefois, dans la plupart des domaines, la Hongrie est confrontée à des problèmes très proches de ceux que connaissent les autres pays de l’OCDE qui veulent instaurer un régime réglementaire de qualité à l’appui d’une bonne gestion des affaires publiques et d’une croissance économique durable. Le principal objectif de la Hongrie est maintenant d’aligner les performances de ses marchés sur celles des marchés de ses pairs par le renforcement de la concurrence, une meilleure gestion de la réglementation et le perfectionnement de la protection sociale. D’autres réformes permettront des progrès notables dans la création d’emplois, les performances sectorielles et régionales, et la réduction du coût des politiques publiques. La Hongrie, comme plusieurs pays Membres, a demandé à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires nationales et de ses réformes internes de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage présente une évaluation approfondie de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines cadres comme la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en œuvre et l’ouverture des marchés. Il comprend aussi des chapitres sectoriels, portant par exemple sur l’électricité et sur les télécommunications, ainsi qu’une évaluation du contexte macroéconomique de la réforme. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à long terme, fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l’échelon international. Dans la même série : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis La réforme de la réglementation en Corée La réforme de la réglementation en Espagne La réforme de la réglementation au Danemark L’analyse générale sur laquelle se fondent les examens par pays est exposée dans le Rapport de l’OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation - Synthèse, et l'ouvrage en deux volumes intitulé Rapport de l’OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation - Études sectorielles - Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Lituanie 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation: Lituanie 2002
    Keywords: Education ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Reform of education, training and human resource development is an integral part of the transition to a democratic society and market economy. Lithuania has made progress in all these areas since reform began in 1990. The challenge for the Ministry of Education and Science has been to promote and support changes that meet the needs of the new economy and society as well as the interests of all young people and adults, in the face of a shortage of financial and human resources. This book first gives a brief overview of regional issues and a history of education in Lithuania and describes the development of education in the country since the political changes. It then presents an analysis of the entire education system and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reforms in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under very dynamic conditions. It concludes with a set of key recommendations of goals of education, learning effectiveness, outcomes and the curriculum, management and governance for flexibility, responsiveness and change and, resources and financing. This review will be very useful to both Lithuanian professionals and their international counterparts.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264062887
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Series Statement: Ecoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264078352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.17
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This paper reviews some general strategies used by OECD Member countries when assessing exposure in the context of risk assessments for existing industrial chemicals. It is intended as an initial overview, not as a comprehensive review. Strategies for source assessment, one of the elements of environmental exposure assessment, are in particular not fully described.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264078499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.35
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: These Guidance Notes outline core concepts in order to obviate the need to consult large numbers of text books, while still pointing the reader to sources of more detailed or specific information. They are intended to complement OECD Test Guidelines and other OECD publications, including Guidance for Industry Data Submissions and Guidance for Country Data Review Reports on Plant Protection Products and their Active Substances – Monograph Guidance
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264062863
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Series Statement: Ecoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique
    Series Statement: Évaluation et prospective
    Series Statement: Écoloc, Gérer l'économie localement en Afrique : Évaluation et prospective
    Keywords: Development
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264299689
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries; A Positive Reform Agenda
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries: A Positive Reform Agenda
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2002/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les universités en Slovaquie : Aperçu
    Keywords: Education ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: The Slovakian university campus usually consists of separate functional zones assembled around the campus centre. The central area allows for interaction and directs students towards other integrated centres.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264033894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Denmark
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Denmark's energy policies and programmes. It finds that over the past four years, Danish energy policy has made good progress towards meeting its high standards of environmental protection while opening its gas and power industries to competition. The concurrent pursuit of economic efficiency, energy policy and environmental protection is an issue of prime importance in Denmark. The country has adopted both international and national greenhouse-gas emissions targets. A host of measures is in place to reach these targets, and to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The targets are within reach. But actually attaining them requires the continued application of a system of power plant carbon dioxide quotas. The Danish power market has been opened to competition beyond the requirements of the EU directive, but the scope for effective competition continues to be limited by priority dispatch for wind energy and combined heat and power plants. The gas market has been opened, but much less fully. The gas industry’s debt problem was addressed through industry restructuring, but this has led to a dominant position for the state-owned gas pipeline company DONG. The report recommends that foreign suppliers be encouraged to enter the market, in order to stimulate competition in electricity and gas markets. This report discusses the energy policies of Denmark based on a review visit in October 2001, before the recent general elections.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264199583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Although the recycling of plutonium as thermal mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) is now well-established on a commercial scale, many physics questions remain. The main question addressed in this report is the number of times plutonium can effectively be recycled in a PWR. This report describes in particular an exercise based on a realistic, multiple-recycle scenario, which followed plutonium through five generations of recycling in a PWR. It considered both a standard PWR design currently in use and a highly moderated design. The latter is a possible option for a dedicated, MOX-fuelled PWR in which it would be possible to optimise the moderation for plutonium. The study of these two designs in parallel has provided a better understanding of their relative merits, as well as insight into the limitations of multiple recycling and the long-term toxicity of fission products and actinides.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264196285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale ; Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure ; Rapport de synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A China na Economia Mundial; Os Desafios das Políticas Domésticas; Síntese
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy; The Domestic Policy Challenges; Synthesis Report (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale : Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure : Rapport de synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A China na Economia Mundial: Os Desafios das Políticas Domésticas: Síntese
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy: The Domestic Policy Challenges: Synthesis Report (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This publication presents a synthesis of the main findings and policy recommendations of China in the World Economy: Domestic Policy Challenges. After more than two decades of progress in market reforms and trade and investment liberalisation, the entry of China into the World Trade Organisation marks a new era for its integration into the world economy. Drawing on the experiences of OECD Members over the past 50 years, and the Organisation’s extensive work with non-Member economies around the world, this publication provides readers with a synthetic view of the interrelated domestic policy issues at stake and with specific recommendations as to actions to be taken.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 926419553X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.7
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Conception budgétaire et niveaux d'administration
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fiscal design surveys across levels of government
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finances publiques dans les administrations infranationales
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