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  • World Bank  (91)
  • Edward Elgar Publishing  (41)
  • Free trade  (76)
  • Globalization
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781800889316
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (216 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Research ; Universities and colleges ; Globalization
    Kurzfassung: "Providing an in-depth and cutting-edge investigation into the rise of Asian research practices and paradigms, Mats Benner examines how this rise has been accomplished, what effects it has had, and how it has shaped universities across seven Asian countries. Broad and comprehensive, chapters analyse the research and education systems of China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, considering how their universities operate, their models and policy priorities. Benner studies the historical, social and political causes behind the variations between these countries, before highlighting the effects of globalization on education, research and innovation. Assessing whether we are witnessing a tectonic shift in how and where education and research are carried out, the book ultimately concludes that regional disparities will remain, but that practices and priorities are becoming increasingly similar in the process of globalization. With Asia showing an increasingly marked presence in research and in scientific and technological capability, this timely book will be invaluable to university policy makers looking to innovate their education and research models, alongside students and scholars interested in Asian development, innovation and technology"--
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Contents: 1. Overture: A new academic landscape? -- 2. China: A global academic hegemon in the making? -- 3. India: The perils of institutional churn -- 4. Japan: Resilient stagnation? -- 5. 'Hospitality, not a country': The anatomy of academic prominence in singapore -- 6. South korea: Straddling tradition and modernity -- 7. Taiwan: Resilient exceptionalism -- 8. Hong kong and macau: Straddling and thriving in the shadow of hierarchy -- 9. Reprise: Universities, state-building and globalization -- Index.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Northampton : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781788978545
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    Serie: Research handbooks in business and mangement series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Handbook on cross-cultural marketing
    Schlagwort(e): Internationales Marketing ; Kulturelle Identität ; Welt ; Export marketing ; International business enterprises ; Globalization ; Electronic books ; Handbuch ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: Contents: Foreword / Jean-Claude Usunier -- 1 Introduction to the handbook on cross-cultural marketing / Glen H. Brodowsky -- Part I: Cross-cultural marketing themes and theories -- 2 cross-cultural marketing insights / Camille P. Schuster -- 3 glocalization: Companies' search for the right balance between globalization and localization / Svend Hollensen -- 4 the country image literature: Intellectual basis and future research directions / Saeed Samiee and Brian R. Chabowski -- Part II: Methodological challenges of cross-cultural marketing research -- 5 cross-cultural market and marketing research / Michael R. Czinkota and Camille P. Schuster -- 6 methodological issues in cross-cultural research: Establishing equivalence / V. Kumar -- Part III: Applied cross-cultural marketing research -- 7 consumers' perceptions and attitudes toward product placements: Exploring similarities and differences between Finland and the United States / Siva K. Balasubramanian, Deepa Pillai, Giacomo Gistri, Nadia I. Sabour and Hemant Patwardhan -- 8 global luxury brands: Researching cross-cultural differences in motivations to consume / Annie Peng Cui, Christopher A. Nelson and Alexis Yim -- 9 intra-national cultural differences in thinking styles and the importance of technological product attributes for brand perceptions / Kelly Hewett and Helena F. Allman -- 10 partnerships in cross-cultural marketing and retail internationalization: Research propositions / Fatima Wang and Pervez Ghauri -- 11 to the big go the spoils: Empirical evidence of the advantages of large players in global and local markets / Maxwell Winchester and Tiffany Winchester -- 12 family-owned businesses in the global marketplace: A taxonomy for generational evolution and directions for future research / Phil Harris and Ozlem Ozdemir -- 13 the impact of indigenous administrative norms on cross-cultural research: Leveraging smartphone platforms to reduce potential bias threats / Eric S. Rhodes -- Part IV: New paradigms and future research -- 14 marketing research across cultures / Fons Trompenaars and Peter Woolliams -- 15 advances in methods and theory for research in international business negotiations / John L. Graham -- 16 future directions of cross-cultural marketing research / Jagdish N. Sheth and Atul Parvatiyar -- 17 the future is now / Glen H. Brodowsky -- Index.
    Kurzfassung: "Disillusionment with globalization, along with a rise in nationalist sentiment, may lead one to ask whether cross-cultural or international research will be necessary in the coming years and, if it is, what form it will take. While all international marketing is cross-cultural, not all cross-cultural marketing is international. Cultures are defined as groups of people who share a common language, set of norms, institutions, beliefs and values. There are many ways such groups can be defined - only one of which is country. Regardless of the definition parameters, one thing remains clear: cross-cultural marketing is a broad topic in today's technological, always-connected world. This Handbook suggests future directions for cross-cultural marketing research in a rapidly evolving global environment. It builds upon existing models and topics and addresses the methodological challenges of cross-cultural research and provides applied examples spanning various methodologies as well as industry sectors and country settings. In addition, contributors present new paradigms for future research. Cross-cultural marketing research scholars, Ph.D. students and cross-cultural and international marketing practitioners will benefit from this thorough examination of current trends as well as forward thinking concepts from some of the field's foremost experts"--
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784716424
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Trade and inequality
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Außenhandel ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Industrieökonomik ; Mikroökonomik ; Heterodoxe Ökonomik ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Quelle ; Welthandel ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    Kurzfassung: This volume brings together the most influential theoretical and empirical contributions to the topic of trade and inequality from recent years. Segregating it into four key areas, the collection forms a comprehensive study of the subject, targeted at academic readers familiar with the main trade models and empirical methods used in economics. The first two parts cover empirical evidence on trade and inequality in developed and developing countries, while the third and fourth sections confront transition dynamics following trade liberalization and new theoretical contributions inspired by the previously-discussed empirical evidence, respectively. Presented with an extensive original introduction by the editor, Trade and Inequality will be an invaluable tool in the study of this field to advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and faculty alike
    Kurzfassung: Elhanan Helpman, Oleg Itskhoki, Stephen Redding (2010), 'Inequality and Unemployment in a Global Economy' -- Pol Antràs, Luis Garicano and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg (2006), 'Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy' -- Arnaud Costinot, Jonathan Vogel and Su Wang (2012), 'Global Supply Chains and Wage Inequality'
    Kurzfassung: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Adrian Wood (1995), 'How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers' -- Amit Khandelwal (2010), 'The Long and Short (of) Quality Ladders' -- David H. Autor, David Dorn and Gordon H. Hanson (2013), 'The China Syndrome: Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States' -- Robert C. Feenstra and Gordon H. Hanson (1999), 'The Impact of Outsourcing and High-Technology Capital on Wages: Estimates for the United States, 1979-1990' -- David Hummels, Rasmus Jørgensen, Jakob Munch and Chong Xiang (2014), 'The Wage Effects of Offshoring: Evidence from Danish Matched Worker-Firm Data' -- Maarten Goos, Alan Manning and Anna Salomons (2014), 'Explaining Job Polarization: Routine-Biased Technological Change and Offshoring' -- Orazio Attanasio, Pinelopi K. Goldberg and Nina Pavcnik (2004), 'Trade Reforms and Wage Inequality in Colombia' -- Guido G. Porto (2006), 'Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy' -- Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg and Nina Pavcnik (2005), 'Trade, Wages, and the Political Economy of Trade Protection: Evidence from the Colombian Trade Reforms' -- Petia Topalova (2010), 'Factor Immobility and Regional Impacts of Trade Liberalization: Evidence on Poverty from India' -- Brian K. Kovak (2013), 'Regional Effects of Trade Reform: What Is the Correct Measure of Liberalization?' -- Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg and Nina Pavcnik (2003), 'The Response of the Informal Sector to Trade Liberalization' -- Eric A. Verhoogen (2008), 'Trade, Quality Upgrading and Wage Inequality in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector' -- Irene Brambilla, Daniel Lederman and Guido Porto (2012), 'Exports, Export Destinations, and Skills' -- Brian McCaig (2011), 'Exporting Out of Poverty: Provincial Poverty in Vietnam and U.S. Market Access' -- Erhan Artuç, Shubham Chaudhuri and John McLaren (2010), 'Trade Shocks and Labor Adjustment: A Structural Empirical Approach' -- Rafael Dix-Carneiro (2014), 'Trade Liberalization and Labor Market Dynamics' -- Gueorgui Kambourov (2009), 'Labour Market Regulations and the Sectoral Reallocation of Workers: The Case of Trade Reforms' -- Arnaud Costinot and Jonathan Vogel (2010), 'Matching and Inequality in the World Economy'
    Anmerkung: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784718053
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (672 p) , cm
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Acs, Zoltán J., 1947 - Global entrepreneurship, institutions and incentives
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmer ; Theorie ; Welt ; Entrepreneurship ; Entrepreneurship Political aspects ; Globalization ; Entrepreneurship Social aspects ; Electronic books ; Entrepreneurship
    Kurzfassung: This book presents some of Zoltán J. Ács' most important contributions since the turn of the new millennium, with a particular intellectual focus on knowledge spillover entrepreneurship. It studies the evolution of global entrepreneurship and pays attention to the role of institutions and the incentives they create for economic agents who become either productive or unproductive entrepreneurs. For productive entrepreneurs, those that create wealth for themselves and for society, the author offers a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship as a new way to help understand the entrepreneurial ecosystem. For those that create wealth only for themselves the author develops a theory of destructive entrepreneurship that undermines the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The book also presents an explanation of the role of philanthropy in reconstituting wealth to complete the circuits of capital in the theory of capitalist development. Finally, the author examines several public policy issues including immigration and technology transfer. This volume will be required reading for students and scholars of entrepreneurship, economics and public policy
    Kurzfassung: pt. 1. Incentives and the many faces of entrepreneurship -- pt. 2. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship -- pt. 3. Cities, knowledge and entrepreneurship -- pt. 4. Countries, institutions and entrepreneurship -- pt. 5. Capitalism, philanthropy and democracy -- pt. 6. Institutions, incentives and public policy
    Anmerkung: Includes index
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781782545743
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (viii, 302 p.)
    Serie: Elgar original reference
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Research handbook on the globalization of Chinese firms
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Research handbook on the globalization of Chinese firms
    DDC: 658.0490951
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Geschäftsbeziehungen ; China ; International business enterprises ; Globalization ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Unternehmen ; Globalisierung ; Forschung ; Handbuch
    Kurzfassung: 'Research Handbook on the Globalization of Chinese Firms provides an eclectic collection of essays and articles on the state of affairs in the Asia Pacific, with special emphasis on China. It is an essential read for students of the Chinese economy and business environments, covering topics as diverse as industrial innovation, trade, FDI, productivity, value chain, international business, finance, human resources, accounting, information technology and governance. Chinese management leaders as well as researchers of international business can benefit from its insights.'--Ilan Alon, Rollins College and Harvard University, US. This comprehensive research Handbook encompasses an expansive range of perspectives on the globalization process of Chinese firms. Eminent global scholars provide contributions on a variety of topics, including: industrial innovation, technological innovation and learning, the performance of Chinese international joint ventures, the global consumer, foreign direct investment (FDI) including barriers to FDI and FDI in China's hinterland areas, the globalization of Chinese business practices in Africa, the human resource management transfer process, corporate information disclosure in China's stock market, the home employment effect. In addition, regional economic integration, transportation costs and the national government's role in globalization are also explored. This innovative Handbook is perfect for scholars wishing to conduct research in China on some of the topics contained in the book, together with academics specializing in globalization or international management
    Kurzfassung: 1. Industrial innovation in Chinese firms / Li Yu and Zhang Yanming -- 2. Transportation costs as a barrier to globalization for nine Asian countries including China / Junqian Xu and Craig C. Julian -- 3. China's foreign direct investment across the U.S. / Chen Cheng and Xiaohong He -- 4. Global optimal values of enterprise cluster fitness for Chinese firms / Tang Linjia and Lin Li -- 5. Foreign direct investment (FDI) productivity in China / Xiaowen Tian, Moxi Song and Ran Tian -- 6. An African perspective of the globalization of Chinese business practices / Gido Mapunda -- 7. The national government's role in Chinese outward foreign direct investment / Dirk Hotbrügge and Sue Claire Berning -- 8. Risk and return of mezzanine debt / Yun Li and Ho Kim Hin -- 9. The consumer's role in globalization and management innovation / Meng Tao, Dong Dahai and Zhang Yuan -- 10. HR strategy and practices in Chinese multinational companies / Jingqi Zhu and William Wei -- 11. Economic globalization and regional economic integration in China / Rong Yizhong -- 12. Corporate information disclosure internalities in China's stock market / Li Xiang and Liu Qijie -- 13. The home employment effect of transnational corporations foreign direct investment (FDI) in China / Huiqun Liu and Jinyong Lu -- 14. The empirical link between innovation, learning and performance in Chinese international joint ventures / Craig C. Julian and Junqian Xu -- 15. Barriers to foreign direct investment (FDI) in China's hinterland areas / Clemens H. Hofmeister -- 16. Reconciling differing models of the business : a key step in the transfer of production technology into China's export-led economy / David N. Macarthur and Ronald L. Schill
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784713065
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Serie: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring WTO's contributions to global economic welfare
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ; WTO-Recht ; WTO-Verhandlungen ; WTO-Mitgliedschaft ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Messung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welt ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Intellectual property (International law) Economic aspects ; Free trade ; Foreign trade regulation Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: At a time when political leaders of the member nations are not acting to strengthen the multilateral trading system via the World Trade Organization, it is worthwhile to reflect on the WTO's contributions to global welfare since its inception more than 65 years ago. This volume assembles seminal empirical studies which estimate the past and prospective, national and global economic welfare impacts of GATT/WTO-induced multilateral trade liberalizations. It also touches on the effects of the Uruguay Round's TRIPS Agreement on intellectual property rights, and the benefits from WTO accessions and trade facilitation initiatives. In his authoritative introduction, Professor Anderson points to the numerous additional contributions of the WTO (and its predecessor, the GATT) which, though difficult to quantify, are nonetheless of great value and highlights those areas where further empirical research could shed more light on the net benefits of this important institution
    Kurzfassung: Bagwell, Kyle, Petros C. Mavroidis and Robert W. Staiger (2007), 'Auctioning Countermeasures in the WTO', Journal of International Economics 73: 309-332 -- Bagwell, Kyle and Robert W. Staiger (1999), 'An Economic Theory of GATT', American Economic Review 89(1): 215-48, March -- Bagwell, Kyle and Robert W. Staiger (2002), The Economics of the World Trading System, Cambridge MA: MIT Press -- Bairoch, Paul (1989), 'European Trade Policy, 1815-1914', Ch. 1 (pp. 1-60) in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Volume 8, edited by P. Mathias and S. Pollard, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Balassa, Bela (1965), 'Tariff Protection in Industrial Countries: An Evaluation', Journal of Political Economy 73(6): 573-94, December -- Balassa, Bela et al. (1967), Studies in Trade Liberalization, Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press -- Balassa, Bela et al. (1971), The Structure of Protection in Developing Countries, Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press -- Baldwin, Richard (2012), 'Global Supply Chains: Why They Emerged, Why They Matter, and Where They Are Going', CEPR Discussion Paper 9103, London, August -- Barber, C. L. (1955), 'Canadian Tariff Policy', Canadian Journal of Economics 21: 513-30, November -- Beghin, John C. and Jean-Christophe Bureau (2001), 'Quantitative Policy Analysis of Sanitary, Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade', Economie Internationale 87(3): 107-30 -- Bernard, Andrew B., J. Bradford Jensen, Stephen J. Redding and Peter K. Schott (2012), 'The Empirics of Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade', Annual Review of Economics 4: 283-313 -- Bhagwati, Jagdish N. (1971), 'The Generalized Theory of Distortions and Welfare', pp. 69-90 in Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth: Papers in Honor of Charles P. Kindleberger, edited by Jagdish N. Bhagwati, Ronald W. Jones, Robert A. Mundell and Jaroslav Vanek, Amsterdam: North-Holland -- Bhattasali, Deepak, Shantong Li and Will Martin (eds.) (2004), China and the WTO: Accession, Policy Reform and Poverty Reduction, London and New York: Oxford University Press -- Blackhurst, Richard (1991), 'Strengthening GATT Surveillance of Trade-Related Policies', pp. 123-55 in The New GATT Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, 2nd Edition, edited by M. Hilf and E.-U. Petersmann, Deventer: Kluwer -- Borchert, Ingo, Batshur Gootiiz and Aaditya Mattoo (2012), 'Policy Barriers to International Trade in Services: Evidence from a New Database', Policy Research Working Paper 6109, World Bank, Washington DC, June -- Boue͏̈t, Antionne and David Laborde (2010), 'Assessing the Potential Cost of a Failed Doha Round', World Trade Review 9(2): 319-51 -- Boumellassa, Hossein, David Laborde and Cristina Mitaritonna (2009), 'A Picture of Tariff Protection across the World in 2004: MAcMap-HS6, Version 2', CEPII Working Paper 2009-22, Paris, and IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 00903, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, October -- Bown, Chad P. (2004), 'On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement', Review of Economics and Statistics 86(3): 811-23 -- Bown, Chad P. (ed.) (2006), The WTO, Safeguards, and Temporary Protection from Imports, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing
    Kurzfassung: Brandt, Loren, Johannes Van Biesebroeck, Luhang Wang and Yifan Zhang (2012), 'WTO Accession and Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms', Discussion Paper 9166, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, October -- Braga, C. A. Primo and Olivier Cattaneo (eds.) (2009), The WTO and Accession Countries (two volumes), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Broda, Christian, Nuno Limão and David E. Weinstein (2008), 'Optimal Tariffs and Market Power: The Evidence', American Economic Review 98(5): 2032-65, December -- Brown, Drusilla K. and Robert M. Stern (eds.) (2007), The WTO and Labor and Employment, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Bulmer-Thomas, Victor (1994), The Economic History of Latin America Since Independence, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Busch, Marc L. and Edward D. Mansfield (eds.) (2007), The WTO, Economic Interdependence, and Conflict, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Bütler, Monika and Heinz Hauser (2000), 'The WTO Dispute Settlement System: A First Assessment from an Economic Perspective', Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 16(2): 503-33, October -- Carmody, A. T. (1952), 'The Level of the Australian Tariff: A Study in Method', Yorkshire Bulletin of Economic and Social Research 4(1): 53-65 -- Chisik, Richard (2003), 'Gradualism in Free Trade Agreements: A Theoretical Justification', Journal of International Economics 59: 367-97 -- Clemens, Michael A. and Jeffrey G. Williamson (2010), 'Endogenous Tariffs and Growth: Asia versus Latin America, 1870-1940', mimeo, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, June -- Cooter, Robert D. (1997), 'The Rule of State Law versus the Rule-of-Law State: Economic Analysis of the Legal Foundations of Development', pp. 191-218 in Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1996, edited by Michael Bruno and Boris Pleskovic, Washington DC: World Bank -- Copeland, Brian R. and M. Scott Taylor (2003), Trade and the Environment: Theory and Evidence, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press -- Corden, W. Max (1963), 'The Tariff', pp. 174-214 in The Economics of Australian Industry, edited by Alex Hunter, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press -- Corden, W. Max (1971), The Theory of Protection, Oxford: Clarendon Press -- Corden, W. Max (1974), Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, (revised edition 1997), Oxford: Clarendon Press -- Corden, W. Max (1975), 'The Costs and Consequences of Protection: A Survey of Empirical Work', pp. 51-91 in International Trade and Finance: Frontiers for Research, edited by Peter Kenen, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press -- Crawford, John G. (1934), 'Tariff Level Indices', Economic Record 10: 213-21, December -- Croser, Johanna L. and Kym Anderson (2011), 'Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare', World Trade Review 10(3): 297-323, July -- Croser, Johanna L., Peter J. Lloyd and Kym Anderson (2010), 'How Do Agricultural Policy Restrictions to Global Trade and Welfare Differ across Commodities?' American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92(3): 698-712, April
    Kurzfassung: Deardorff, Allan V. and Robert M. Stern (1979), An Economic Analysis of the Effects of the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations on the United States and Other Major Industrial Countries, MTN Studies 5, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office -- Deardorff, Allan V. and Robert M. Stern (1986), The Michigan Model of World Production and Trade: Theory and Applications, Cambridge MA: MIT Press -- Dee, Philippa, Kevin Hanslow and Duc Tiem Pham (2003), 'Measuring the Cost of Barriers to Trade in Services', pp. 11-46 in Services Trade in the Asia-Pacific Region, edited by Takatoshi Ito and Anne O. Krueger, Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press for the NBER -- de Melo, Jaime and David Tarr (1990), 'Welfare Costs of US Quotas on Textiles, Steel and Autos', Review of Economics and Statistics 72: 489-97 -- Djankov, Simeon, Caroline Freund and Cong Si Pham (2010), 'Trading on Time', Review of Economic and Statistics 92(1): 166-73, February -- Dutt, Pushan, Ilian Mihov and Timothy Van Zandt (2013), 'The Effect of WTO on the Extensive and the Intensive Margins of Trade', Journal of international Economics 91(2): 204-19, November -- Ethier, Wilfred J. and Ayre L. Hillman (eds.) (2008), The WTO and the Political Economy of Trade Policy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Feenstra, Robert E. (1995), 'Estimating the Effects of Trade Policy', Ch. 30 in Handbook of International Economics, Volume III, edited by Gene Grossman and Ken Rogoff, Amsterdam: North-Holland -- Findlay, Christopher and Tony Warren (eds.) (2000), Impediments to Trade in Services: Measurement and Policy Implications, London and Sydney: Routledge -- Finger, J. Michael (1996), 'Legalized Backsliding: Safeguard Provision in GATT', Ch. 11 in The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries, edited by Will Martin and L. Alan Winters, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Finger, J. Michael (2002), 'Safeguards: Making Sense of GATT/WTO Provisions Allowing for Import Restrictions', Ch. 22, pp. 195-205 in Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook, edited by Bernard Hoekman, Aaditya Mattoo and Philip English, Washington DC: World Bank -- Finger, J. Michael (2012), 'Flexibilities, Rules, and Trade Remedies in the GATT/WTO System', Ch. 19, pp. 418-40 in The Oxford Handbook on the World Trade Organization, edited by Amrita Narlikar, Martin Daunton and Robert M. Stern, New York: Oxford University Press -- Francois, Joseph F. (2001), 'Maximizing the Benefits of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism for Developing Countries', Ch. 12 in Developing Countries and the WTO: A Pro-active Agenda, edited by Bernard Hoekman and Will Martin, Oxford: Blackwell -- Francois, Joseph F. and Bernard Hoekman (2010), 'Services Trade and Policy', Journal of Economic Literature 48(3): 642-92, September -- Francois, Joseph F. and Will Martin (2004), 'Commercial Policy, Bindings and Market Access', European Economic Review 48(3): 665-79, June -- Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton (2001), 'Trade and Competition in Shipping Services and the GATS', Review of International Economics 9(2): 249-61, May -- Furusawa, Taiji and Edwin L.-C. Lai (1999), 'Adjustment Costs and Gradual Trade Liberalization', Journal of International Economics 49: 333-61 -- GATT (1972), Basic Documentation of the Tariff Study, Geneva: GATT Secretariat -- Grubel, Herbert G. and Harry G. Johnson (eds.) (1971), Effective Tariff Protection, Geneva: GATT Secretariat
    Kurzfassung: Guimbard, Houssein, Sébastien Jean, Mondher Mimouni and Xavier Pichot (2012), 'MAcMap-HS6 2007, an Exhaustive and Consistent Measure of Applied Protection in 2007', Ch. 10B in Global Trade, Assistance, and Production: The GTAP 8 Data Base, edited by Badri Narayanan, Angel Aguiar and Robert McDougall, West Lafayette IN: Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University -- Hamilton, Bob and John Whalley (1984), 'Efficiency and Distributional Implications of Global Restrictions on Labor Mobility', Journal of Development Economics 14: 61-75 -- Harrison, Glenn W., Thomas F. Rutherford and David G. Tarr (1996), 'Quantifying the Uruguay Round', Ch. 8 in The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries, edited by Will Martin and L. Alan Winters, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Henson, Spencer and John S. Wilson (eds.) (2005), The WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Herz, Bernhard and Marco Wagner (2011), 'The "Real" Impact of GATT/WTO: A Generalized Approach', The World Economy 34(6): 1014-41, June -- Hoekman, Bernard (1996), 'Assessing the General Agreement on Trade in Services', Ch. 4 in The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries, edited by Will Martin and L. Alan Winters, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Hoekman, Bernard (ed.) (2012), The WTO and Trade in Services (two volumes), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Hoekman, Bernard, Will Martin and Carlos Braga (eds.) (2009), Trade Preference Erosion: Measurement and Policy Response, London: Palgrave MacMillan and Washington DC: World Bank -- Hoekman, Bernard, and Çağlar Özden (eds.) (2006), Trade Preferences and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Horn, Henrik and Petros C. Mavroidis (2001), 'Economic and Legal Aspects of the Most-Favored Nation Clause', European Journal of Political Economy 17: 233-79 -- Horn, Henrik and Petros C. Mavroidis (2011), WTO Dispute Settlement Dataset and Users' Guide, updated November at www.worldbank.org/trade/wtodisputes -- Hummels, David L., Volodymyr Lugovskyy and Alexandre Skiba (2009), 'The Trade Reducing Effects of Market Power in International Shipping', Journal of Development Economics 89(1): 84-97 -- Hummels, David L. and Georg Schaur (2013), 'Time as a Trade Barrier', American Economic Review 103(7): 2935-59, December -- Ikenson, D. (2008), 'While Doha Sleeps: Securing Economic Growth through Trade Facilitation', Trade Policy Analysis No. 37, Washington DC: Cato Institute -- Irwin, Douglas A. (1995a), 'The GATT in Historical Perspective', American Economic Review 85(2): 323-28, May -- Irwin, Douglas A. (1995b), 'The GATT's Contribution to Economic Recovery in Post-War Western Europe', Ch. 5, pp. 127-50 in Europe's Post-War Recovery, edited by Barry Eichengreen, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Irwin, Douglas A. (2010), 'Trade Restrictiveness and Deadweight Losses from U.S. Tariffs, 1859-1961', American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 2(3): 111-33, August -- James, Sallie and Kym Anderson (1998), 'On the Need for More Economic Assessment of Quarantine/SPS Policies', Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 42(4): 525-44, December -- Keesing, Donald B. (1998), Improving Trade Policy Reviews in the World Trade Organization, Washington DC: Institute for International Economics
    Kurzfassung: Kym Anderson and Signe Nelgen (2011), 'What's the Appropriate Agricultural Protection Counterfactual for Trade Analysis?', in Will Martin and Aaditya Mattoo (eds), Unfinished Business? The WTO's Doha Agenda, Chapter 13, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research and the World Bank, 325-54 -- L. Alan Winters, Terrie L. Walmsley, Zhen Kun Wang and Roman Grynberg (2003), 'Liberalising Temporary Movement of Natural Persons: An Agenda for the Development Round', World Economy, 26 (8), August, 1137-61 -- Dominique van der Mensbrugghe (2009), 'The Doha Development Agenda and Preference Erosion: Modeling the Impacts', in Bernard Hoekman, Will Martin and Carlos A. Primo Braga (eds), Trade Preference Erosion: Measurement and Policy Response, Chapter 9, London: Palgrave-Macmillan and Washington, DC: World Bank, 357-99 -- Andrew K. Rose (2004), 'Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade?', American Economic Review, 94 (1), March, 98-114 -- Arvind Subramanian and Shang-Jin Wei (2007), 'The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly but Unevenly', Journal of International Economics, 72 (1), May, 151-75 -- Michael Tomz, Judith L. Goldstein and Douglas Rivers (2007), 'Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Comment', American Economic Review, 97 (5), December, 2005-2018 -- Andrew K. Rose (2007), 'Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Reply', American Economic Review, 97 (5), December, 2019-25 -- Jason H. Grant and Kathryn A. Boys (2012), 'Agricultural Trade and the GATT/WTO: Does Membership Make a Difference?', American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 94 (1), January, 1-24 -- Pao-Li Chang and Myoung-Jae Lee (2011), 'The WTO Trade Effect', Journal of International Economics, 85 (1), September, 53-71 -- Zdenek Drabek and Marc Bacchetta (2004), 'Tracing the Effects of WTO Accession on Policy-Making in Sovereign States: Preliminary Lessons from the Recent Experience of Transition Countries', World Economy, 27 (7), July, 1083-125 -- Elena Ianchovichina and Will Martin (2004), 'Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization', World Bank Economic Review, 18 (1), 3-27 -- Thomas F. Rutherford and David G. Tarr (2008), 'Poverty Effects of Russia's WTO Accession: Modeling "Real" Households with Endogenous Productivity Effects', Journal of International Economics, 75 (1), May, 131-50 -- Man-Keung Tang and Shang-Jin Wei (2009), 'The Value of Making Commitments Externally: Evidence from WTO Accessions', Journal of International Economics, 78 (2), July, 216-29 -- Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (2011), 'What Do Trade Negotiators Negotiate About? Empirical Evidence from the World Trade Organization', American Economic Review, 101 (4), June, 1238-73 -- Bernard Hoekman and Alessandro Nicita (2011), 'Trade Policy, Trade Costs, and Developing Country Trade', World Development, 39 (12), December, 2069-79 -- J. Michael Finger (2008), 'Trade Facilitation: The Role of a WTO Agreement', ECIPE Working Paper, No. 01/2008, Brussels: European Centre for International Political Economy, 1-42
    Kurzfassung: Laborde, David, Will Martin and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe (2011), 'Measuring the Benefits of Global Trade Reform with Optimal Aggregators of Distortions', Policy Research Working Paper 5665, World Bank, Washington DC, May -- Laird, Sam (1997), 'Quantifying Commercial Policies', Ch. 2, pp. 27-75 in Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis: A Handbook, edited by Joseph F. Francois and Kenneth A. Reinert, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press -- Laird, Sam (1999), 'The WTO's Trade Policy Review Mechanism - From Through the Looking Glass', The World Economy 22(6): 741-64, August -- League of Nations (1927), Tariff Level Indices, Geneva: League of Nations -- Lerner, Abba (1936), 'The Symmetry between Import and Export Taxes', Economica 3(11): 306-13, August -- Li, David and Changqi Wu (2004), 'GATT/WTO Accession and Productivity', Ch. 4, pp. 109-48 in Growth and Productivity in East Asia, edited by Takatoshi Ito and Andrew Rose, Chicago: University of Chicago Press for the NBER -- Liepmann, Heinrich (1938), Tariff Levels and the Economic Unity of Europe, London: Allen and Unwin -- Little, Ian M.D., Tibor Scitovsky and Maurice Scott (1970), Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries: A Comparative Study, London: Oxford University Press -- Liu, Xuepeng (2009), 'GATT/WTO Promotes Trade Strongly: Sample Selection and Model Specification', Review of International Economics 17(3): 428-46 -- Lloyd, Peter J. (1974), 'A More General Theory of Price Distortions in an Open Economy', Journal of International Economics 4(4): 365-86, November -- Lloyd, Peter J. (2008), '100 Years of Tariff Protection in Australia', Australian Economic History Review 48(2): 99-145, July -- Lloyd, Peter J., Johanna L. Croser and Kym Anderson (2010), 'Global Distortions to Agricultural Markets: New Indicators of Trade and Welfare Impacts, 1960 to 2007', Review of Development Economics 14(2): 141-60, May -- Loveday, A. (1929), 'The Measurement of Tariff Levels', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 92(4): 487-529 -- Maddison, Angus (2008), Historical Statistics of the World Economy: 1-2008 AD, available at http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/ -- Maizels, Alfred (1963), Industrial Growth and World Trade, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press -- Markusen, James R. (1983), 'Factor Movements and Commodity Trade as Complements', Journal of International Economics 13: 341-56 -- Martin, Will and Aaditya Mattoo (eds.) (2011), Unfinished Business? The WTO's Doha Agenda, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research for the World Bank -- Martin, Will and L. Alan Winters (eds.) (1996), The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Maskus, Keith E. (2002), 'Benefitting from Intellectual Property Protection', Ch. 36, pp. 369-81 in Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook, edited by Bernard Hoekman, Aaditya Mattoo and Philip English, Washington DC: World Bank
    Kurzfassung: Maskus, Keith E. (ed.) (2004), The WTO, Intellectual Property Rights and the Knowledge Economy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Maskus, Keith E. (2012), Private Rights and Public Problems: The Global Economics of Intellectual Property in the 21st Century, Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics -- Maskus, Keith E. and John S. Wilson (eds.) (2001), Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done? Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press -- Maur, Jena-Christophe and John S. Wilson (eds.) (2010), Trade Costs and Facilitation: Open Trade and Economic Development, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Mavroidis, Petros and Alan Sykes (eds.) (2005), The WTO and International Trade Law/Dispute Settlement, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- McCalman, Phillip (2005a), 'Who Enjoys "TRIPs" Abroad? An Empirical Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights in the Uruguay Round', Canadian Journal of Economics 38(2): 574-603, May -- McCalman, Phillip (2005b), 'International Diffusion and Intellectual Property Rights: An Empirical Analysis', Journal of International Economics 67(2): 353-72, December -- Meade, James (1955), Trade and Welfare, London: Oxford University Press -- Melitz, Marc J. (2003), 'The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity', Econometrica 71(6): 1695-725 -- Michaely, Michael (1977), Theory of Commercial Policy, Oxford: Philip Allan -- Milton, Giles (1999), Nathaniel's Nutmeg, London: Sceptre (Hodder and Stoughton) -- Mundell, Robert A. (1957), 'International Trade and Factor Mobility', American Economic Review 47: 321-35 -- OECD (2013), Producer and Consumer Support Estimates, OECD Database 1986-2012, at www.oecd.org/agriculture/pse -- Orden, David, David Blandford and Tim Josling (eds.) (2011), WTO Disciplines on Agricultural Support: Seeking a Fair Basis for Trade, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press -- Pietras, Jaroslaw (1998), 'The Role of the WTO for Economies in Transition', Ch. 13, pp. 353-64 in The WTO as an International Organization, edited by Anne O. Krueger, Chicago: University of Chicago Press -- Porto, Guido and Bernard Hoekman (eds.) (2010), Trade Adjustment Costs in Developing Countries: Impacts, Determinants and Policy Responses, London: CEPR and Washington DC: World Bank -- Primo Braga, Carlos A. and Olivier Cattaneo (2010), The WTO and Accession Economies (2 volumes), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Qian, Yi (2007), 'Do National Patent Laws Stimulate Domestic Innovation in a Global Patenting Environment? A Cross Country Analysis of Pharmaceutical Patent Protection, 1978-2002', Review of Economics and Statistics 89(3): 436-53, August -- Rose, Andrew K. (2004), 'Do WTO Members Have More Liberal Trade Policy?' Journal of International Economics 63(2): 209-35, July
    Kurzfassung: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Anderson, James E. (2009), 'Consistent Trade Policy Aggregation', International Economic Review 50(3): 903-27 -- Anderson, James E. and J. Peter Neary (1994), 'Measuring the Restrictiveness of Trade Policy', World Bank Economic Review 8(2): 151-70, May -- Anderson, James E. and J. Peter Neary (2005), Measuring the Restrictiveness of International Trade Policy, Cambridge MA: MIT Press -- Anderson, James E. and Eric van Wincoop (2003), 'Gravity without Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle', American Economic Review 93(1): 268-94, March -- Anderson, James and Eric van Wincoop (2004), 'Trade Costs', Journal of Economic Literature 42(3): 691-751, September -- Anderson, Kym (1992), 'The Standard Welfare Economics of Policies Affecting Trade and the Environment', Ch. 2, pp. 25-48 in The Greening of World Trade Issues, edited by Kym Anderson and Richard Blackhurst, London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf and Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press -- Anderson, Kym (2002), 'Peculiarities of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement', World Trade Review 1(2): 123-34, July -- Anderson, Kym (2003), 'Measuring Effects of Trade Policy Distortions: How Far Have We Come?' The World Economy 26(4): 413-40, April -- Anderson, Kym (2013), 'Trade Barriers and Subsidies: Multilateral and Regional Reform Opportunities', Ch. 12 (pp. 673-98) in Global Problems, Smart Solutions, edited by B. Lomborg, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Anderson, Kym and Yujiro Hayami (1986), The Political Economy of Agricultural Protection: East Asia in International Perspective, Boston, London and Sydney: Allen and Unwin -- Anderson, Kym and Bernard Hoekman (eds.) (2005), The WTO's Core Rules and Disciplines (two volumes), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Anderson, Kym and Tim Josling (eds.) (2005), The WTO and Agriculture (two volumes), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Anderson, Kym, Marianne Kurzweil, Will Martin, Damiano Sandri and Ernesto Valenzuela (2008), 'Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, Revisited', World Trade Review 7(4): 675-704 -- Anderson, Kym, Will Martin and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe (2013), 'Estimating Effects of Price-Distorting Policies Using Alternative Distortions Databases', Ch. 13 (pp. 877-931) in the Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, Vol. 1B, edited by Peter Dixon and Dale Jorgenson, Amsterdam: Elsevier -- Anderson, Kym and Signe Nelgen (2013), Updated National and Global Estimates of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, 1955 to 2011, Database at www.worldbank.org/agdistortions -- Anderson, Kym, Gordon Rausser and Johan F.M. Swinnen (2013), 'Political Economy of Public Policies: Insights from Distortions to Agricultural and Food Markets', Journal of Economic Literature 51(2): 423-77, June -- Anderson, Kym and Ernesto Valenzuela (2008), Global Estimates of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, 1955 to 2007, Database at www.worldbank.org/agdistortions -- Anderson, Kym and L. Alan Winters (2009), 'The Challenge of Reducing International Trade and Migration Barriers', Ch. 8, pp. 451-503 in Global Crises, Global Solutions (2nd edition), edited by Bjorn Lomborg, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Arvis, Jean-François, Monica A. Mustra, Lauri Ojala, Ben Shepherd and Daniel Saslavsky (2012), Connecting to Compete: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, Washington DC: World Bank. www.worldbank.org/lpi
    Kurzfassung: Rose, Andrew K. (2010), 'The Effect of Membership in the GATT/WTO on Trade: Where Do We Stand?' Ch. 7, pp. 195-216 in Is the World Trade Organization Attractive Enough for Emerging Economies, edited by Zdenek Drabek, London: Palgrave Macmillan -- Rutherford, Thomas F. and David G. Tarr (2002), 'Trade Liberalization, Product Variety and Growth in a Small Open Economy: A Quantitative Assessment', Journal of International Economics 56(2): 247-72 -- Saggi, Kamal (2009), 'The MFN Clause, Welfare, and Multilateral Cooperation between Countries of Unequal Size', Journal of Development Economics 88(1): 132-43, January -- Sampson, Gary and John Whalley (eds.) (2005), The WTO, Trade and the Environment, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Shepotylo, Oleksandr and David G. Tarr (2012), 'Impact of WTO Accession and the Customs Union on the Bound and Applied Tariff Rates of the Russian Federation', Policy Research Working Paper 6161, World Bank, Washington DC, August -- Snape, Richard H. (1969), 'Sugar: Costs of Protection and Taxation', Economica 36(141): 29-41, February -- Staiger, Robert and Guido Tabellini (1999), 'Do GATT Rules Help Governments Make Domestic Commitments?' Economics and Politics 11(2): 109-44 -- Swinnen, Johan F.M. (2010), 'Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870 to 1969', Ch. 6 in The Political Economy of Agricultural Price Distortions, edited by K. Anderson, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Swinnen, Johan F.M., Alessandro Olper and Thijs Vandemoortele (2012), 'Impact of the WTO on Agricultural and Food Policies', The World Economy 35(9): 1089-101, September -- Tyers, Rod and Kym Anderson (1986), Distortions in World Food Markets, Background Paper No. 22 for the World Development Report 1996, World Bank, Washington DC, January -- Tyers, Rod and Kym Anderson (1992), Disarray in World Food Markets: A Quantitative Assessment, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press -- Valenzuela, Ernesto and Kym Anderson (2008), 'Alternative Agricultural Price Distortions for CGE Analysis of Developing Countries, 2004 and 1980-84', Research Memorandum No. 13, West Lafayette IN: Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University, December. Freely downloadable at https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=2925 -- Valenzuela, Ernesto, Dominique van der Mensbrugghe and Kym Anderson (2009), 'General Equilibrium Effects of Price Distortions on Global Markets, Farm Incomes and Welfare', Ch. 13 in Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: A Global Perspective, 1955-2007, edited by Kym Anderson, London: Palgrave Macmillan and Washington DC: World Bank -- Venables, Anthony J. (2004), 'Small, Remote and Poor', World Trade Review 3(3): 453-7, November -- Vernon, James et al. (1965), Report on a Committee of Economic Enquiry (two volumes), Canberra: Commonwealth Government Printing Office -- Whalley, John (1985), Trade Liberalization among Major World Trading Areas, Cambridge MA: MIT Press -- Wilson, John S., Catherine L. Mann and Tsunehiro Otsuki (2003), 'Trade Facilitation and Economic Development: A New Approach to Quantifying the Impact', World Bank Economic Review 17(3): 367-89 -- Winters, L. Alan (ed.) (2007), The WTO and Income Inequality/Poverty (two volumes), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing -- Winters, L. Alan and Wendy E. Takacs (1991), 'Labour Adjustment Costs and British Footwear Protection', Oxford Economic Papers 43: 479-501
    Kurzfassung: World Bank (2012), Doing Business 2013, Washington DC: World Bank, October. http://doingbusiness.org -- Woytinsky, W.S. and E.S. Woytinsky (1955), World Commerce and Governments: Trends and Outlook, New York: Twentieth Century Fund -- WTO (2008a), 'Revised Draft Modalities for Agriculture', TN/AG/W/4/Rev.4, World Trade Organization, Geneva, 6 December -- WTO (2008b), 'Draft Modalities for Non-Agricultural Market Access', TN/MA/W/103/Rev.3, World Trade Organization, Geneva, 6 December -- Bela Balassa (1971), 'Effective Protection: A Summary Appraisal', in Herbert G. Grubel and Harry G. Johnson (eds), Effective Tariff Protection: Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 17 to 20 December, Chapter 13, Geneva: GATT Secretariat and Graduate Institute of International Studies, 247-63 -- Kym Anderson (2010), 'Krueger, Schiff, and Valdés Revisited: Agricultural Price and Trade Policy Reform in Developing Countries since 1960', Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 32 (2), Summer, 195-231 -- Hiau Looi Kee, Alessandro Nicita and Marcelo Olarreaga (2009), 'Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices', Economic Journal, 119 (534), January, 172-99 -- Tony Warren and Christopher Findlay (2000), 'Measuring Impediments to Trade in Services', in Pierre Sauvé and Robert Stern (eds), GATS 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 57-84 -- John B. Shoven and John Whalley (1992), 'Global Trade Models', in Applying General Equilibrium, Chapter 8, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 197-229, references -- K. Anderson and R. Tyers (1993), 'More on Welfare Gains to Developing Countries from Liberalizing World Food Trade', Journal of Agricultural Economics, 44 (2), 189-204 -- Joseph F. Francois, Bradley McDonald and Håkan Nordström (1996), 'The Uruguay Round: A Numerically Based Qualitative Assessment', in Will Martin and L. Alan Winters (eds), The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries, Chapter 9, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 253-91 -- Phillip McCalman (2001), 'Reaping What You Sow: An Empirical Analysis of International Patent Harmonization', Journal of International Economics, 55 (1), October, 161-86 -- Shubham Chaudhuri, Pinelopi K. Goldberg and Panle Jia (2006), 'Estimating the Effects of Global Patent Protection in Pharmaceuticals: A Case Study of Quinolones in India', American Economic Review, 96 (5), December, 1477-514 -- Dominique van der Mensbrugghe (2006), 'Estimating the Benefits of Trade Reform: Why Numbers Change', in Richard Newfarmer (ed.), Trade, Doha, and Development: A Window into the Issues, Chapter 4, Washington, DC: World Bank, 59-75 -- Joseph F. Francois and Will Martin (2010), 'Ex Ante Assessment of the Welfare Impacts of Trade Reforms with Numerical Models', in Hamid Beladi and E. Kwan Choi (eds), Frontiers of Economics and Globalization Series, Volume 7: New Developments in Computable General Equilibrium Analysis for Trade Policy, Chapter 13, London: Emerald Group Publishing, 379-434 -- Edward J. Balistreri, Russell H. Hillberry and Thomas F. Rutherford (2011), 'Structural Estimation and Solution of International Trade Models with Heterogeneous Firms', Journal of International Economics, 83 (2), March, 95-108 -- Joseph Francois, Hans van Meijl and Frank van Tongeren (2005), 'Trade Liberalization in the Doha Development Round', Economic Policy, 20 (42), April, 349, 351-91 -- Kym Anderson, Will Martin and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe (2006), 'Doha Merchandise Trade Reform: What Is at Stake for Developing Countries?', World Bank Economic Review, 20 (2), 169-95 -- David Laborde, Will Martin and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe (2011), 'Potential Real Income Effects of Doha Reforms', in Will Martin and Aaditya Mattoo (eds), Unfinished Business? The WTO's Doha Agenda, Chapter 10, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research and the World Bank, 255-75
    Anmerkung: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Glasgow, United Kingdom : Collins Bartholomew
    ISBN: 9780821397572
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 pages) , color illustrations, color maps , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: Fourth edition
    Ausgabe: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Maps ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Maps ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Maps ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Maps ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Anmerkung: "© 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design © HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Title from cover
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784713782
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Serie: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Globalization and transport
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaftsordnung ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Verkehrsgeographie ; Verkehrsökonomik ; Lieferkette ; Umwelt ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Welt ; Globalization ; Transportation ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: The field of globalization and transport has witnessed a surge in interest over the past two decades with scholars questioning the reasoning behind its growth, its impact on the environment and trade as well as its effect on the development of cities and supply chain logistics. The editors have selected seminal works from leading academics to address these issues and outline the diverse and controversial nature of this subject
    Kurzfassung: Antoine Fremont (2007), 'Global Maritime Networks: The Case of Maersk', Journal of Transport Geography, 15 (6), November, 431-42 -- Peter Turnbull (2006), 'The War on Europe's Waterfront - Repertoires of Power in the Port Transport Industry', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 44 (2), June, 305-26 -- Ruth Barton and Peter Fairbrother (2009), 'The Local is Now Global: Building a Union Coalition in the International Transport and Logistics Sector', Industrial Relations, 64 (4), 685-703 -- Kenneth John Button and Henry Vega (2008), 'The Effects of Air Transportation on the Movement of Labor', Geojournal, 71, 67-81 -- Stephen S. Golub, Ronald W. Jones and Henry K. Kierzkowski (2007), 'Globalization and Country-Specific Service Links', Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 10 (2), June, 63-88
    Kurzfassung: Paul Ciccantell and David A. Smith (2009), 'Rethinking Global Commodity Chains: Integrating Extraction, Transport, and Manufacturing', International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 50 (3-4), 361-84 -- Danie͏̈lle B. van Veen-Groot and Peter Nijkamp (1999), 'Globalisation, Transport and the Environment: New Perspectives for Ecological Economics', Ecological Economics, 31 (3), December, 331-46 -- Peter Nijkamp (2003), 'Globalization, International Transport and the Global Environment: A Research and Policy Challenge', Transportation Planning and Technology, 26 (1), February, 1-8 -- A.A.J. Nederveen, J.W. Konings and J.A. Stoop (2003), 'Globalization, International Transport and the Global Environment: Technological Innovation, Policy Making and the Reduction of Transportation Emissions', Transportation Planning and Technology, 26 (1), February, 41-67 -- Xander Olsthoorn (2003), 'Implications of Globalization for CO2 Emissions from Transport', Transportation Planning and Technology, 26 (1), February, 105-33 -- Keith G. Debbage (1994), 'The International Airline Industry: Globalization, Regulation and Strategic Alliances', Journal of Transport Geography, 2 (3), 190-203 -- Peter Adey, Lucy Budd and Phil Hubbard (2007), 'Flying Lessons: Exploring the Social and Cultural Geographies of Global Air Travel', Progress in Human Geography, 31 (6), 773-91 -- Alex Cosmas, Peter Belobaba and William Swelbar (2010), 'The Effects of Open Skies Agreements on Transatlantic Air Service Levels', Journal of Air Transport Management, 16 (4), 222-5 -- Robert Humbertson and Agam Sinha (2009), 'Realising the Global Next-Generation Air Transportation System', Airport Management, 4 (1), October-December, 23-31 -- A. Elek, C. Findlay, P. Hooper and T. Warren (1999), '"Open Skies" or Open Clubs? New Issues for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation', Journal of Air Transport Management, 5 (3), July, 143-51 -- Andrew R. Goetz and Brian Graham (2004), 'Air Transport Globalization, Liberalization and Sustainability: Post-2001 Policy Dynamics in the United States and Europe', Journal of Transport Geography, 12 (4), 265-76 -- Sung-Woo Lee, Dong-Wook Song and César Ducruet (2008), 'A Tale of Asia's World Ports: The Spatial Evolution in Global Hub Port Cities', Geoforum, 39 (1), January, 372-85 -- Germà Bel and Xavier Fageda (2008), 'Getting There Fast: Globalization, Intercontinental Flights and Location of Headquarters', Journal of Economic Geography, 8 (4), 471-95 -- Julie Cidell (2006), 'Air Transportation, Airports, and the Discourses and Practices of Globalization', Urban Geography, 27 (7), 651-63 -- Yefang Huang (2009), 'The Growth of Global Hub Port Cities Under Globalisation: The Case of Shanghai International Shipping Centre', International Development Planning Review, 31 (4), 423-44 -- Peter J. Taylor, Ben Derudder and Frank Witlox (2007), 'Comparing Airline Passenger Destinations with Global Service Connectivities: A Worldwide Empirical Study of 214 Cities', Urban Geography, 28 (3), 232-48 -- S. Harris Ali and Roger Keil (2006), 'Global Cities and the Spread of Infectious Disease: The Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, Canada', Urban Studies, 43 (3), March, 491-509 -- Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas (2007), 'A Tool for Prioritizing Multinational Transport Infrastructure Investments', Transport Policy, 14 (1), January, 11-26 -- Harry T. Dimitriou and Oliver Trueb (2005), 'Transportation Megaprojects, Globalization, and Place-making in Hong Kong and South China', Transportation Research Record, 1924, 59-68
    Kurzfassung: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Levinson, M. (2006), The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger, Princeton: Princeton University Press. -- Mann, C. (2005), 1491: Revelations of the Americas before Columbus, New York: Knopf. -- McKinnon, A., Button, K.J. and Nijkamp, P. (eds) (2003), Transport Logistics, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. -- United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (2005), Summary of the Annual Review of Developments in Globalization and Regional Integration in the Countries of the ESCWA Region, New York: UN. -- David S. Jacks (2006), 'What Drove 19th Century Commodity Market Integration?', Explorations in Economic History, 43 (3), July, 383-412 -- David S. Jacks, Christopher M. Meissner and Dennis Novy (2010), 'Trade Costs in the First Wave of Globalization', Explorations in Economic History, 47 (2), April, 127-41 -- Robert M. Schwartz (2010), 'Rail Transport, Agrarian Crisis, and the Restructuring of Agriculture: France and Great Britain Confront Globalization, 1860-1900', Social Science History, 34 (2), Summer, 229-55 -- Antoni Estevadeordal, Brian Frantz and Alan M. Taylor (2003), 'The Rise and Fall of World Trade, 1870-1939', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVIII (2), May, 359-407 -- A.M. Ramsay (1925), 'The Speed of the Roman Imperial Post', Journal of Roman Studies, 15, 60-74 -- Paul Krugman and Anthony J. Venables (1995), 'Globalization and the Inequality of Nations', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CX (4), November, 857-80 -- Richard D. Knowles (2006), 'Transport Shaping Space: Differential Collapse in Time-Space', Journal of Transport Geography, 14 (6), November, 407-25 -- Anthony J. Venables (1999), 'Fragmentation and Multinational Production', European Economic Review, 43 (4-6), April, 935-45 -- David Hummels (2007), 'Transportation Costs and International Trade in the Second Era of Globalization', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21 (3), Summer, 131-54 -- Robert J. McCalla, Brian Slack and Claude Comtois (2004), 'Dealing with Globalisation at the Regional and Local Level: The Case of Contemporary Containerization', Canadian Geographer/Géographe Canadien, 48 (4), 473-87 -- Cristina Capineri and Thomas R. Leinbach (2004), 'Globalization, E-economy and Trade', Transport Reviews, 24 (6), November, 645-63 -- Joseph Szyliowicz and Paul Viotti (1997), 'Dilemmas of Transportation Security', Transportation Quarterly, 51 (2), Spring, 79-95 -- Antje Burmeister and Kristian Colletis-Wahl (1997), 'Proximity in Production Networks: The Circulatory Dimension', European Urban and Regional Studies, 4 (3), 231-41 -- Christian Geisler Asmussen, Torben Pedersen and Charles Dhanaraj (2009), 'Host-Country Environment and Subsidiary Competence: Extending the Diamond Network Model', Journal of International Business Studies, 40 (1), January, 42-57 -- Markus Hesse (2007), 'The System of Flows and the Restructuring of Space Elements of a Geography of Distribution', Erdkunde, 61 (1), March, 1-12
    Anmerkung: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821386439 , 9780821386446
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xx, 511 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Ausgabe: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.9091724
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Glasgow : Collins
    ISBN: 9780821385838
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 atlas (144 pages)) , color illustrations, color maps , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: Third edition 2011
    Ausgabe: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.90022/3
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Anmerkung: "³ 2011 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design ³ HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082138712X , 0821387138 , 9780821387122 , 9780821387139
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxx, 425 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development : Trade
    DDC: 382/.90972
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Central America Commercial policy ; Central America Foreign economic relations
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
    ISBN: 9781785362347
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (p) , cm)
    Serie: Critical perspectives on the global trading system and the WTO 18
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Trade costs and facilitation
    Schlagwort(e): International economic relations ; Free trade ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: C. Fred Bergsten (1997), 'Open Regionalism', World Economy, 20 (5), 545-65 -- Gerard McLinden (2006), 'Needs, Priorities and Costs Associated with Technical Assistance and Capacity Building for Implementation of a WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement: A Comparative Study Based on Six Developing Countries', World Bank Working Paper, November, 1-5, 9-35 -- J. Michael Finger (2008), 'Trade Facilitation: The Role of a WTO Agreement', ECIPE Working Paper No. 01/2008, 1-42 -- Jean-Christophe Maur (2008), 'Regionalism and Trade Facilitation: A Primer', Journal of World Trade, 42 (6), 979-1012 -- Minette Libom Li Likeng, Thomas Cantens and Samson Bilangna (2009), '"Gazing into the Mirror": Operational Internal Control in Cameroon Customs', Regional Integration and Transport - RIT Series, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 8, January, i, v, 1-3, 5-27, 29-32
    Kurzfassung: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Robert A. Mundell (1957), 'International Trade and Factor Mobility', American Economic Review, 47 (3), June, 321-35 -- Paul Krugman (1980), 'Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade', American Economic Review, 70 (5), December, 950-59 -- Paul Krugman (1991), 'Increasing Returns and Economic Geography', Journal of Political Economy, 99 (3), June, 483-99 -- Alan V. Deardorff (2001), 'International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation', Review of International Economics, 9 (2), 233-48 -- Spiros Bougheas, Panicos O. Demetriades and Edgar L.W. Morgenroth (1999), 'Infrastructure, Transport Costs and Trade', Journal of International Economics, 47 (1), February, 169-89 -- J.M. Finger and A.J. Yeats (1976), 'Effective Protection by Transportation Costs and Tariffs: A Comparison of Magnitudes', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90 (1), February, 169-76 -- James E. Anderson and Eric van Wincoop (2004), 'Trade Costs', Journal of Economic Literature, XLII (3), September, 691-751 -- Nuno Limão and Anthony J. Venables (2001), 'Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, Transport Costs, and Trade', World Bank Economic Review, 15 (3), 451-79 -- John McCallum (1995), 'National Borders Matter: Canada-U.S. Regional Trade Patterns', American Economic Review, 85 (3), June, 615-23 -- Charles Engel and John H. Rogers (1996), 'How Wide Is the Border?', American Economic Review, 86 (5), December, 1112-25 -- Anne-Célia Disdier and Keith Head (2008), 'The Puzzling Persistence of the Distance Effect on Bilateral Trade', Review of Economics and Statistics, 90 (1), February, 37-48 -- John S. Wilson, Catherine L. Mann and Tsunehiro Otsuki (2003), 'Trade Facilitation and Economic Development: A New Approach to Quantifying the Impact', World Bank Economic Review, 17 (3), 367-89 -- David Dollar, Mary Hallward-Driemeier and Taye Mengistae (2006), 'Investment Climate and International Integration', World Development, 34 (9), 1498-516 -- Gae͏̈l Raballand (2003), 'Determinants of the Negative Impact of Being Landlocked on Trade: An Empirical Investigation Through the Central Asian Case', Comparative Economic Studies, 45, 520-36 -- Alberto Portugal-Perez and John S. Wilson (2008), 'Trade Costs in Africa: Barriers and Opportunities for Reform', Policy Research Working Paper No. 4619, 1-31 -- Ben Shepherd and John S. Wilson (2009), 'Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: Measuring Progress and Assessing Priorities', Journal of Asian Economics, 20, 367-83 -- Thomas W. Hertel, Terrie Walmsley and Ken Itakura (2001), 'Dynamic Effects of the "New Age" Free Trade Agreement between Japan and Singapore', Journal of Economic Integration, 16 (4), December, 446-84 -- Joseph Francois, Hans van Meijl and Frank van Tongeren (2005), 'Trade Liberalization in the Doha Development Round', Economic Policy, 20 (42), April, 351-91 -- Thomas W. Hertel and Roman Keeney (2006), 'What Is At Stake: The Relative Importance of Import Barriers, Export Subsidies, and Domestic Support', in Kym Anderson (ed) and Will Martin (ed) (eds), Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda, Chapter 2, Washington, DC: The World Bank and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 37-62
    Kurzfassung: Simeon Djankov, Caroline Freund and Cong S. Pham (2010), 'Trading on Time', Review of Economics and Statistics, 92 (1), February, 166-73 -- Carolyn L. Evans and James Harrigan (2005), 'Distance, Time, and Specialization: Lean Retailing in General Equilibrium', American Economic Review, 95 (1), March, 292-313 -- Maria Persson (2008), 'Trade Facilitation and the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements', Journal of Economic Integration, 23 (3), September, 518-46 -- Caroline L. Freund and Diana Weinhold (2004), 'The Effect of the Internet on International Trade', Journal of International Economics, 62 (1), January, 171-89 -- Carsten Fink, Aaditya Mattoo and Ileana Cristina Neagu (2005), 'Assessing the Impact of Communication Costs on International Trade', Journal of International Economics, 67 (2), December, 428-45 -- Ximena Clark, David Dollar and Alejandro Micco (2004), 'Port Efficiency, Maritime Transport Costs, and Bilateral Trade', Journal of Development Economics, 75(2), December, 417-50 -- Carsten Fink, Aaditya Mattoo and Ileana Cristina Neagu (2002), 'Trade in International Maritime Services: How Much Does Policy Matter?', World Bank Economic Review, 16 (1), 81-108 -- Alejandro Micco and Tomás Serebrisky (2006), 'Competition Regimes and Air Transport Costs: The Effects of Open Skies Agreements', Journal of International Economics, 70 (1), September, 25-51 -- David Hummels, Volodymyr Lugovskyy and Alexandre Skiba (2009), 'The Trade Reducing Effects of Market Power in International Shipping', Journal of Development Economics, 89 (1), May, 84-97 -- James E. Rauch (1999), 'Networks Versus Markets in International Trade', Journal of International Economics, 48, 7-35 -- Marc Auboin and Moritz Meier-Ewert (2003), Improving the Availability of Trade Finance during Financial Crises, Geneva, Switzerland: World Trade Organization, i, 1-18 -- Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås, Enrico Pinali and Massimo Geloso Grosso (2006), 'Logistics and Time as a Trade Barrier', OECD Trade Policy Working Papers, No. 35, OECD Publishing, 1-3, 6-58 -- Dean Yang (2008), 'Integrity for Hire: An Analysis of a Widespread Customs Reform', Journal of Law and Economics, 51, February, 25-57 -- Jose Anson, Olivier Cadot and Marcelo Olarreaga (2006), 'Tariff Evasion and Customs Corruption: Does Pre-Shipment Inspection Help?', Contributions to Economic Analysis and Policy, 5 (1), i, 1-24 -- James E. Anderson and Douglas Marcouiller (2002), 'Insecurity and the Pattern of Trade: An Empirical Investigation', Review of Economics and Statistics, 84 (2), May, 342-52 -- Gae͏̈l Raballand and Enrique Aldaz-Carroll (2007), 'How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs? The Case of Pallets', World Economy, 30 (4), 685-702 -- Witold Czubala, Ben Shepherd and John S. Wilson (2009), 'Help or Hindrance? The Impact of Harmonised Standards on African Exports', Journal of African Economies, 18 (5), 711-44 -- Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and Aaditya Mattoo (2008), 'Regionalism in Standards: Good or Bad for Trade?', Canadian Journal of Economics, 41 (3), August, 838-63 -- Patrick A. Messerlin and Jamel Zarrouk (2000), 'Trade Facilitation: Technical Regulations and Customs Procedures', World Economy, 23 (4), 577-93
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9780857936233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 541 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Higher ; Globalization ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Higher education has entered centre-stage in the context of the knowledge economy and has been deployed in the search for economic competitiveness and social development. Against this backdrop, this highly illuminating Handbook explores worldwide convergences and divergences in national higher education systems resulting from increased global co-operation and competition
    Kurzfassung: pt. 1. Generic -- pt. 2. Case studies -- pt. 3. Global governance
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821384104 , 9780821384107 , 9780821384114
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xv, 177 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.45000917724
    Schlagwort(e): General Agreement on Trade in Services ; General Agreement on Trade in Services ; Foreign trade regulation ; Free trade ; Service industries Law and legislation ; Service industries ; Foreign trade regulation ; Free trade ; Service industries Law and legislation ; Service industries ; General Agreement on Trade in Services ; Foreign trade regulation ; (1994) ; Free trade ; Service industries ; Service industries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The strategic development role of trade in services / Sebastián SáezNegotiating trade in services : a practical guide for developing countries / Mario Marconini and Pierre Sauvé -- The negotiation and management of regulations in the trade in services / Sebastián Sáez and Marcel Vaillant -- Liberalization in the trade in services : a negotiation exercise / Sebastián Sáez and Anna Lanoszka.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub
    ISBN: 9781849805667
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 108 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Zamagni, Stefano, 1943 - Cooperative enterprise
    DDC: 334
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Genossenschaft ; Genossenschaftsmanagement ; Globalisierung ; Welt ; Italien ; Cooperation ; Cooperative societies ; Electronic books ; Cooperative societies ; Cooperation ; Globalization ; Genossenschaft ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: This eloquent book analyses the theory of the cooperative form of enterprise from an historic perspective, whilst assessing its appeal in the current economic environment
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. The birth of cooperative enterprise : where, when, how -- 3. What is a cooperative? -- 4. The development of cooperation in the world -- 5. The cooperative movement in Italy -- 6. The economic performance of cooperative enterprises -- 7. Cooperative governance -- 8. Conclusion
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-102) and index
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781781000601
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xl, 310 p) , ill
    Serie: Global development network
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global exchange and poverty
    DDC: 382.091724
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): 1980-2007 ; Globalisierung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Internationale Migration ; Auslandsinvestition ; Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; International trade ; Poverty International cooperation ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Investments, Foreign ; Electronic books ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; International cooperation ; Globalization ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Economic conditions ; Developing countries ; Foreign economic relations ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Direktinvestition ; Globalisierung ; Armut ; Migration
    Kurzfassung: This book examines how policies implemented by members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) affect development and poverty in developing and transition economies
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Introduction , Global economic institutional, intellectual and religious contacts : a brief history , The impact of technical barriers to trade on Argentine exports and labor markets , Agricultural subsidies, trade barriers and poverty : householde microsimulation for Columbia , Trade liberalization in southeastern Europe , Poverty impacts of Romanian remittances from the EU : effects of host-country migration policies , Skill diffusion by temporary migration? : Returns from western European working experience in the EU accession countries , Host-country economic policies and worker remittances to developing countries : the cases of Turkey and Mexico , Inequality : the Argentine experience , The effect of policies and FDI flows to transition countries , Does foreign ownership matter for enterprise training? : empirical evidence from transition countries
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781781000786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 263 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    DDC: 621.3810684
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Strategic planning ; Electronic industries Subcontracting ; Globalization ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Globalisation and outsourcing-based strategies have reshaped the global economy. This timely book provides a strategic analysis of both the development and macro trends of the electronics industry within the wider context of global technology outsourcing
    Kurzfassung: pt. 1. Global outsourcing in the electronics industry -- pt. 2. Global electronics supply chain -- pt. 3. Growth strategies in outsourcing
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 18
    ISBN: 0821380176 , 0821380192 , 9780821380178 , 9780821380192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xlix, 311 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 337.1/729
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy
    Kurzfassung: The main objective of this report is to help policymakers in the Caribbean design an agenda of policy actions to accelerate trade integration and growth, and to reduce poverty. Each part of the report focuses on a key question and provides an in-depth analysis of the issues raised, laying the foundations for policy recommendations described in the last chapter of the report. Part I asks whether the Caribbean's economic and trade system are sound enough to sustain the new era of its global trade relations. Part II addresses the opportunities and challenges that the new trade environment offers to the Caribbean. Part III assesses the impact of the recently-negotiated Economic Partnership Agreement on growth and poverty reduction using two types of macroeconomic models. The report concludes with policy priorities for accelerating Caribbean integration into the world economy and for reaping the benefits of global competition.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: pt. 1. Overview of economic and trade system context. Macroeconomic and structural constraints on trade reform in the CaribbeanCaribbean regional and global trading relations -- Trade patterns and flows, and competitiveness issues -- pt. 2. Challenges and new opportunities. New areas of opportunities and challenges -- Capitalizing on a changing international environment -- pt. 3. Quantifying the impact of trade reform on growth, job creation, and poverty. Quantifying the gains from global trade integration : a dynamic macroeconomic analysis -- From diagnosis to policy recommendations.
    Anmerkung: "Document of the World Bank and the Organization of American States, co-produced with the Governments of CARIFORUM Countries , Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-311)
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4808
    Paralleltitel: Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Globalization and innovation in emerging markets
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Technological innovations ; Globalization ; Technological innovations
    Kurzfassung: "Globalization brings opportunities and pressures for domestic firms in emerging markets to innovate and improve their competitive position. Using data on firms in 27 transition economies, the authors test for the effects of globalization through the impact of increased competition and foreign direct investment on domestic firms' efforts to innovate (raise their capability) by upgrading their technology, improving the quality of their product or service, or acquiring certification. They find that competition has a negative effect on innovation, especially for firms further from the efficiency frontier, and we do not find support for an inverted U effect of competition on innovation. The authors show that the supply chain of multinational enterprises and international trade are important channels for domestic firms' innovation. They detect no evidence that firms in a more pro-business environment are more likely to display a positive or inverted U relationship between competition and innovation, or that they are more sensitive to foreign presence. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4930
    Paralleltitel: Iacovone, Leonardo The better you are the stronger it makes you
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Industrial productivity ; Free trade ; Industrial productivity
    Kurzfassung: "This paper studies how liberalization affects productivity growth using micro-level plant data. While previous studies have already shown the existence of a positive relationship between competition and economic performance, the novelty of this paper is that it analyzes not only the average impact of liberalization, but also goes "beyond the average" and shows how the liberalization can affect dissimilar plants in a different way. The author first develops a model which predicts that, while the impact of liberalization on productivity growth is positive "on average", more advanced firms tend to benefit more. In fact, liberalization generates two competing effects: on one side it spurs more innovative efforts because of the increased entry threat by foreign competitors, on the other side, enhanced competition curtails expected profits and reduces the funds available to finance innovative activities. The pro-competitive effect is weaker for less advanced firms as for them it is harder to catch-up with the "technology frontier". These predictions are then tested focusing on Mexican plants during the NAFTA liberalization. The results show that a 1 percent reduction in tariffs spurred productivity growth between 4 and 8 percent on average. However, for backward firms this effect is much weaker if not close to zero, otherwise for more advanced ones this effect is stronger with productivity growing between 11 and 13 percent. Consistent with the theoretical model the results are stronger in those sectors where the scope for innovative activities is more pronounced. These results are particularly important for policy makers because they suggest that while increasing competition may be good in spurring average productivity, it is also true that this effect does not hold for all type of firms, in particular more backward firms may need some complementary support policy to upgrade their capacities and keep up with the more competitive environment. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 21
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    Cheltenham, Glos, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781848446120
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 243 p) , ill
    Serie: New perspectives on the modern corporation series
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance, organization and the firm
    DDC: 658.049
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Corporate Governance ; Organisationsstruktur ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Globalisierung ; Outsourcing ; Unternehmensnetzwerk ; International finance ; International business enterprises Case studies Management ; International trade ; Corporate governance Case studies ; International business enterprises Management ; Corporate governance ; Globalization ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Corporate Governance ; Internationales Management ; Outsourcing ; Globalisierung ; Electronic books ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Corporate Governance ; Internationales Management ; Outsourcing ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, applied studies have shown widespread, profound and increasing heterogeneity across firms in terms of their strategy, organization arrangement and performance. This book investigates the diversity of business firms, offering a picture of the different organizational settings they adopt in their endeavour to cope with increasing competitive pressure
    Kurzfassung: pt. I. Theoretical aspects -- pt. II. Applied analyses
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 22
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    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781785362941
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 713 p) , cm
    Serie: Elgar reference collection
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Globalization and free trade
    DDC: 382.71
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Freihandel ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Welt ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Globalization ; Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Protectionism is back on the agenda as the financial crisis deepens. With calls for measures that purport to protect low income workers growing louder in the West, it is essential that the economic arguments in favour of free trade and globalization are re-emphasised. Philip Booth and Richard Wellings have brought together key papers originally published by the Institute of Economic Affairs, which, for the past 50 years, has been vigorously defending the case for free trade, and for globalization more generally. These important papers, which are not widely available, trace the development of the debate on the benefits of free trade during the last 50 years. The editors have written an authoritative introduction which offers a comprehensive overview of the arguments for and against globalization
    Kurzfassung: Gerald P. O'Driscoll, Jr. and Sara F. Cooper (2005), 'International Trade and Global Stability', Economic Affairs, 25 (2), June, 37-43 -- E.J. Mishan (2005), 'Can Globalisation Depress Living Standards in the West?', Economic Affairs, 25 (3), September, 66-9 -- John Meadowcroft (2006), 'Free Trade, "Pauper Labour" and Prosperity: A Reply to Professor Mishan', Economic Affairs, 26 (1), March, 65-7 -- E.J. Mishan (2006), 'A Rejoinder to John Meadowcroft', Economic Affairs, 26 (1), March, 68-9 -- Krisztina Kis-Katos and Günther G. Schulze (2005), 'Regulation of Child Labour', Economic Affairs, 25 (3), September, 24-30 -- Jasson Urbach (2007), 'Development Goes Wireless', Economic Affairs, 27 (2), June, 20-28 -- Philip Booth and Linda Whetstone (2007), 'Half a Cheer for Fair Trade', Economic Affairs, 27 (2), June, 29-36 -- Razeen Sally (2008), Trade Policy, New Century: The WTO, FTAs and Asia Rising, Hobart Paper 163, London: Institute of Economic Affairs in association with Profile Books, 23-226
    Kurzfassung: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Eamonn Butler (2007), 'The Wealth of Nations', in Adam Smith: A Primer, Chapter 3, Occasional Paper 141, London: Institute of Economic Affairs in association with Profile Books, 37-72 -- Harry G. Johnson (1969), 'On Demolishing Barriers to Trade', in D.H. Barran (ed), Harry G. Johnson (ed) and The Earl of Cromer, P.C., M.B.E (eds), Rebuilding the Liberal Order, Occasional Paper 27, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 11-19 -- David Greenaway and Christopher Milner (1979), 'Identifying The Protective Motive: A. "Electoral" Influences, and B. Intervention and Market Failure' in Protectionism Again...? Causes and Consequences of a Retreat from Freer Trade to Economic Nationalism, Chapter 2, Hobart Paper 84, London: Institute of Economics Affairs, 16-27 -- Deepak Lal ([1983] 1997), 'Introduction', 'The External Environment I: Trade' and 'The External Environment II: Commodities and Foreign Capital', in The Poverty of 'Development Economics', Introduction, Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, Hobart Paperback No. 16, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1-3, 17-48 and 49-69 -- David Greenaway (1988), 'The Politics of Protection', Economic Affairs, 8 (2), December/January, 16-17 -- Charles Mensah (1991), 'Economic Freedom for Africa', Economic Affairs, 11 (5), September, 27-8 -- Jagdish Bhagwati (1995), 'Free Trade, "Fairness" and the New Protectionism', in Free Trade, 'Fairness' and the New Protectionism: Reflections on an Agenda for the World Trade Organisation, Occasional Paper 96, London: Institute of Economic Affairs for the Wincott Foundation, 9-42 -- Sir Alan Walters (1996), 'Does the World Need a World Bank?', Economic Affairs, 16 (4), Autumn, 14-17 -- Fred L. Smith, Jr. (1996), 'Trade and the Environment: Where Are We Going?', Economic Affairs, 16 (5), Winter, 33-38 -- Paul Collier (1998), Living Down the Past: How Europe Can Help Africa Grow, Studies in Trade and Development, No. 2, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 9-39 -- David Henderson (1998), 'Part 2: The Uneasy Trend to Economic Liberalism', in The Changing Fortunes of Economic Liberalism: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Occasional Paper 105, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 34-67 -- Marcus Noland (1999), The New Protectionists: The Privatisation of US Trade Policy, Studies in Trade and Development No. 3, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 9-33 -- Lord Harris of High Cross (2002), 'Adam Smith: Revolutionary for the Third Millennium?', Economic Affairs, 22 (3), September, 37-42 -- Charles W. Calomiris (2002), A Globalist Manifesto for Public Policy: The Tenth Annual IEA Hayek Memorial Lecture, Occasional Paper 124, London: Institute of Economic Affairs in association with Profile Books, 15-70 -- Forrest Capie (2002), Capital Controls: A 'Cure' Worse than the Problem?, London: Institute of Economic Affairs in association with the Wincott Foundation and Profile Books, 15-109 -- Deepak Lal (2003), 'In Defence of Empires', Economic Affairs, 23 (4), December, 14-19 -- Daniel T. Griswold (2003), 'Migration, Globalisation and the Spirit of Peter Bauer', Economic Affairs, 23 (4), December, 20-26 -- Andrew Ryder (2003), 'Anti-Globalisation: Bad Wine in New Bottles?', Economic Affairs, 23 (3), September, 37-41 -- David Henderson (2004), 'Globalisation, "Civil Society" and "Global Governance"' and 'Global Salvationism and Consensus Pressures', in The Role of Business in the Modern World: Progress, Pressures and Prospects for the Market Economy', Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, Hobart Paper 150, London; Institute of Economic Affairs in association with Profile Books, 63-81 and 82-105
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 23
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    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781849802024
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 326 p) , ill., maps
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International handbook of urban policy ; Vol. 2: Issues in the developed world
    Schlagwort(e): Stadtentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Stadtökonomik ; Stadtsoziologie ; Industrieländer ; Urban policy ; Globalization ; Sustainable development ; Cities and towns ; Equality ; Sociology, Urban ; Urban economics ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Industriestaaten ; Stadtentwicklung ; Verstädterung ; Stadtökonomie ; Stadtplanung ; Migrationspolitik
    Kurzfassung: This Handbook brings together a range of viewpoints on a number of the burning issues affecting urban sustainability in North America and Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. H.S. Geyer and his contributors cover a wide spectrum of the urban policy issues that determine the growth and development progress as well as the livability of cities in the Occident
    Kurzfassung: pt. I. The urban policy context -- pt. 2. Evolving urban systems -- pt. 3. Forces of spatial economic change -- pt. 4. The changing demographic landscape
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Title from cover
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9781849802390
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 277 p) , ill
    Serie: Elgar original reference
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Handbook on small nations in the global economy
    DDC: 338.883
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): 1980-2005 ; Globalisierung ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Wettbewerb ; Entwicklung ; Kleine offene Volkswirtschaft ; Welt ; Globalization Case studies Economic aspects ; States, Small Case studies Economic conditions ; Economic development Case studies ; International business enterprises Case studies ; Competition, International Case studies ; Electronic books ; International business enterprises ; Economic development ; Globalization ; Economic aspects ; Globalisierung ; Kleines Land ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: This unique, extensive Handbook illustrates that multinational enterprises can contribute substantially to the competitive advantage of small countries. It advances the notion that small nations increasingly need to rely on both home-grown and foreign multinational enterprises to achieve domestic economic success in industries characterized by international competition
    Kurzfassung: 1. Small nations in the global economy : an overview / Daniel Van Den Bulcke, Alain Verbeke and Wenlong Yuan -- 2. Globalization in the Netherlands / Annelies Hogenbirk, John Hagedoorn and Hans van Kranenburg -- 3. Belgium's competitiveness : a comparison of foreign and domestic companies / Filip De Beule and Ilke Van Beveren -- 4. Porter's diamond and small nations in the global economy : Ireland as a case study / John Cassidy, Frank Barry and Chris van Egeraat -- 5. Upgrading the international competitiveness of a transition economy : Slovenia in the European and global economy / Andreja Jaklic, Matija Rojec and Marjan Svetlicic -- 6. Multinational enterprises from small economies : the internationalization patterns of large companies from Denmark, Finland and Norway / Gabriel Robertstad G. Benito ... [et al.] -- 7. The competitive advantage of Canada : a firm-level analysis / Wenlong Yuan and Alain Verbeke -- 8. Chile as an example of the augmented diamond / Robert Grosse -- 9. The development trajectory of a small island economy : the successful case of Mauritius / Jahan Ara Peerally and John Cantwell -- 10. New Zealand and the challenge of global competition / Peter Enderwick and Joanna Scott-Kennel -- 11. The competitive position of a developing economy : the role of foreign direct investment in Cambodia / Ludo Cuyvers, Reth Soeng and Daniel Van Den Bulcke
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 25
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    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781848447356
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 236 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hutchens, Anna Changing big business
    DDC: 382.71
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Fairer Handel ; Nord-Süd-Beziehungen ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Kritik ; Anti-globalization movement ; Free trade ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Fairer Handel ; Organisation ; Marktmacht ; Globalisierung ; Electronic books ; Fairer Handel ; Organisation ; Marktmacht ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: Drawing on candid accounts from practitioners, producers and industry representatives, this informative and proactive volume investigates the challenges facing today's fair trade movement and provides unique insights into the workings of social and economic power in world markets
    Kurzfassung: 1. 'Game-playing': rethinking power and empowerment -- 2. 'Power over' as global power in world markets -- 3. The history of fair trade -- 4. Networking networks for scale -- 5. Fairtrade as resistance -- 6. Fair trade as game-playing -- 7. Governance as 'creative destruction'
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-228) and index
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  • 26
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    Cheltenham, Glos, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781849802345
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 296 p) , ill., maps
    Serie: New perspectives on the modern corporation
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Knowledge in the development of economies
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Wissen ; Wissensmanagement ; Technologiepolitik ; Institutioneller Wandel ; Globalisierung ; Welt ; Knowledge management Economic aspects ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Information technology Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Knowledge management ; Economic aspects ; Information technology ; Economic aspects ; Technological innovations ; Economic aspects ; Globalization ; Economic aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissensmanagement ; Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaft ; Technische Innovation ; Wirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: This innovative book offers a critical perspective on the state of the current global economy, making sense of knowledge-related issues by critically assessing existing institutional choices, as well as pointing to new ways forward
    Kurzfassung: pt. I. Introduction -- pt. II. Knowledge, production and regional development -- pt. III. Emerging institutional settings, critical thinking and knowledge -- pt. IV. Creative activities : art, media, science, technology ... -- pt. V. Conclusions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 27
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    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781849802406
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 401 p)
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als White, Colin, 1943 - Understanding economic development
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklung ; Entwicklungstheorie ; Globalisierung ; Economic development ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Economic development ; Globalization ; Economic aspects ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Entwicklungstheorie ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: This fascinating book considers one of the most important problems in economics: the inception of modern economic development. There is at present no satisfactory explanation of the inception of modern economic development; an excessive focus on either pure theory or on unique histories limits the explanatory power. This book realises the need to integrate the two approaches, moving beyond the proximate causes of economic theory to review the role in an analytic narrative of significant ultimate causes - geography, risk environments, human capital, and institutions
    Kurzfassung: pt. I. Introduction : theory and history -- pt. II. Ultimate causes : a fixed or malleable context -- pt. III. The driving forces -- pt. IV. Devising appropriate narratives -- pt. V. Conclusions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 362-388) and index
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  • 28
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4680
    Paralleltitel: Finger, J. M Safeguards and antidumping in Latin American trade liberalization
    Schlagwort(e): Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade
    Kurzfassung: "The binding of tariff rates and adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization-sanctioned safeguards and antidumping mechanisms provided the basis to remove a multitude of instruments of protection in the Latin American countries discussed in this paper. At the same time, they helped in maintaining centralized control over the management of pressures for protection in agencies with economy-wide accountabilities. The World Trade Organization's procedural requirements (for example, to follow published criteria, or participation by interested parties) helped leaders to change the culture of decision-making from one based on relationships to one based on objective criteria. However, when Latin American governments attempted to introduce economic sense - such as base price comparisons on an economically sensible measure of long-run international price rather than the more generous constructed cost concept that is the core of WTO rules - protection-seekers used the rules against them. They pointed out that World Trade Organization rules do not require the use of such criteria, nor do procedures in leading users (industrial countries) include such criteria. In sum, the administrative content of the rules supported liberalization; the economic content did not. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/20/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4797
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard M Trade policy, trade costs, and developing country trade
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Commercial policy
    Kurzfassung: "This paper briefly reviews new indices of trade restrictiveness and trade facilitation that have been developed at the World Bank. The paper also compares the trade impact of different types of trade restrictions applied at the border with the effects of domestic policies that affect trade costs. Based on a gravity regression framework, the analysis suggests that tariffs and non-tariff measures continue to be a significant source of trade restrictiveness for low-income countries despite preferential access programs. This is because the value of trade preferences is quite limited: a new measure of the relative preference margin developed in the paper reveals that this is very low for most country-pairs. Most countries with very good (duty-free) access to a market generally have competitors that have the same degree of access. The empirical analysis suggests that measures to improve logistics performance and facilitate trade are likely to have the greatest positive effects in expanding developing country trade, increasing the trade impacts of lowering remaining border barriers by a factor of two or more. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
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    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781848441354
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 297 p)
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    DDC: 327.06
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; International organization ; Transparency in government ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: This book argues that transparency is a concept that has gained increasing currency and favour as an organizing principle and administrative goal in recent years. Calls for transparency have been directed towards states, markets, corporations and national political processes as well as towards large institutions such as the European Union
    Kurzfassung: pt. 1. Transparency and utopia : visibility, truth, future -- pt. 2. Transparency and regulation: negotiation, ideals, compromises -- pt. 3. Transparency and the public : participation, exclusion, ambivalence
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9781848441491
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 213 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Surie, Gita Sud de Knowledge, organizational evolution, and market creation
    DDC: 338.8/8954
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Wissenstransfer ; Verhalten in Organisationen ; Industrie ; Hochtechnologie ; Softwareindustrie ; Indien ; Business enterprises ; Globalization ; East Indian business enterprises ; Technological innovations ; Indien ; Globalisierung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Wissenschaftstransfer ; Organisationsverhalten ; Verarbeitendes Gewerbe ; Electronic books ; Indien ; Globalisierung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Wissenschaftstransfer ; Organisationsverhalten ; Verarbeitendes Gewerbe ; Indien ; Industrialisierung ; Know-how-Transfer ; Geschichte 1993-2003 ; Indien ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Globalisierung ; Geschichte 1993-2003
    Kurzfassung: Knowledge, Organizational Evolution, and Market Creation documents the emergence of the Indian multinational by looking at data from firms in the 'old' economy, such as those in manufacturing, steel-making, automotive components and heavy machinery and the 'new economy' such as software and biotechnology. The author provides insights on knowledge transfer, innovation and capability building processes through in-depth case studies in these industries and suggests that both entrepreneurship and distributed innovation are critical for the growth of firms globally
    Kurzfassung: ch. 1. Introduction -- ch. 2. Stages of globalization : from knowledge transfer to industrialized innovation -- ch. 3. Methods -- ch. 4. Knowledge transfer via apprenticeship in Indian manufacturing firms : Stages I and II -- ch. 5. Accelerating innovation in manufacturing - architecting complexity : stage III -- ch. 6. Industrializing knowledge production via born global firms : biotechnology and software -- ch. 7. From paupers to princes : the emergence of the Indian multinational corporation
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-199) and index
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9781848444911
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 276 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Curwen, Peter J., 1945 - The internationalisation of mobile telecommunications
    DDC: 384.53
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Mobilkommunikation ; Globalisierung ; Internationaler Markt ; Strategisches Management ; Welt ; Globalization ; Telecommunication International cooperation ; Cell phone services industry ; Mobile Telekommunikation ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Internationalisierung ; Electronic books ; Mobile Telekommunikation ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Internationalisierung
    Kurzfassung: Based upon the very latest data available, the underlying premise of the book is that mobile telecommunications is such a fast-moving sector that operators are obliged to alter their international strategies as circumstances unravel without necessarily having a long-term master plan, and hence that opportunism is a hallmark of operators’ international strategies. This state-of-the-art overview of the internationalisation of mobile telecommunications will prove essential reading for academics and practitioners with a vested interest in technology, telecommunications and strategic management
    Kurzfassung: 1. The restructuring of the TMT sector : a ten-year perspective -- 2. Mobile technology : from 1G to 4G -- 3. Structural and strategic adjustment in Asia-Pacific mobile telecommunications -- 4. Structural and strategic adjustment in African mobile telecommunications -- 5. Structural and strategic adjustment in European mobile telecommunications -- 6. Structural and strategic adjustment in Latin American mobile telecommunications -- 7. Domestic structural and strategic adjustment in the USA -- 8. International structural adjustment : the case of the baby bells -- 9. Internationalisation as of End-2007 -- 10. Dominant operators in international mobile telecommunications : an empirical analysis
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 33
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    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781848444010
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 248 p)
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Thirlwall, Anthony P., 1941 - 2023 Trade liberalisation and the poverty of nations
    DDC: 382.71
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Handelsliberalisierung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Exportinduziertes Wachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Free trade ; Electronic books ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce ; Entwicklungsländer ; Außenhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Kurzfassung: This book argues that orthodox theory is based on many unreal assumptions, and that there are sound economic arguments for selective protection of industrial activities in the early stages of economic development. The historical evidence of the now-developed countries also illustrates this fact
    Kurzfassung: 1. The theory and measurement of trade liberalisation -- 2. Trade liberalisation, trade performance and economic growth -- 3. Trade liberalisation and international inequality -- 4. Trade liberalisation, poverty and domestic inequality -- 5. Trade strategy and economic development
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-238) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
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    Washington, D.C : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821369296 , 082136930X , 0821370308 , 9780821369296 , 9780821369302 , 9780821370308
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: Rev. ed
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 337
    Schlagwort(e): Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; International trade ; Developing countries ; Poverty
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Background and context -- Globalization and poverty -- Trade -- Finance -- Aid -- Migration/with Andrew L. Beath -- Ideas -- Toward a policy agenda.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-284) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
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    Online-Ressource
    Glasgow : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821368567 , 9780821368572 , 9780821368565
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 atlas (144 p.)) , col. ill., col. maps , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.9/0022/3
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Classification of economies -- Rich and poor -- People -- Education -- Health -- Economy -- Environment -- Statistics.
    Anmerkung: "[Copyright] ... International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design [copyright] HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035305346
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 537 pages) , illustrations
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Snowdon, Brian, 1947 - Globalisation, development and transition
    DDC: 337
    Schlagwort(e): International economic relations ; Globalization ; Economic history 20th century
    Kurzfassung: This unique book provides a comprehensive survey of the major economic issues that have helped shape the modern world. It includes discussions of the latest research findings in the international economic development literature and scrutinises some of the most important debates in contemporary economics. Brian Snowdon examines the many controversies relating to long-run growth and development, problems of transitions from socialism to capitalism, international competitiveness and the impacts of globalisation. To shed light on these critical issues Brian Snowdon interviewed eleven leading economists who are featured in this book: Daron Acemoglu, Alberto Alesina, Padma Desai, William Easterly, Stanley Fischer, János Kornai, Michael Porter, Dani Rodrik, Jeffrey Sachs, Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Jeffrey Williamson. Globalisation, Development and Transition provides an all-encompassing guide to the contemporary literature on economic development and related fields, as well as an extensive and up-to-date list of references. It will be an essential resource for all scholars and students of economics, especially those with an interest in economic growth and development, economic history, trade and globalisation, and the economics of transition
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The fall and rise of globalisation -- Introduction -- Globalisation v. 'globaphobia' -- The gains from trade and good governance -- When did globalisation begin? -- The 'great reversal' : international disintegration and recovery -- Financial globalisation -- The benefits and costs of financial integration -- Exchange rate regimes and the 'open-economy trilemma' -- The role of the International Monetary Fund -- Globalisation and the IMF : some lessons from the 1990s -- International labour migration -- The 'offshore outsourcing' controversy -- The size of nations -- Growth, productivity and international competitiveness -- Analysing global competitiveness -- The Growth Competitiveness Index -- The Business Competitiveness Index -- The Global Competitiveness Index -- Improving competitiveness of developing countries -- Conclusion -- Economic development in historical perspective -- Introduction -- The 'great escape' -- Alternative measures of 'progress' -- Income measures -- Beyond income measures of progress : basic needs, the PQLI and life expectancy -- The Human Development Index -- Competitiveness indices -- Measures of freedom -- Anthropometrics -- The economics of obesity -- The economics of happiness and life satisfaction -- The birth of development economics -- From the 'dirigiste consensus' to the 'Washington consensus' and beyond -- Growth and development -- Growth, development and the role of institutions -- Economic history and institutions -- Bandits and kleptocrats -- Barriers to growth and development -- Sub-Saharan Africa's 'growth tragedy' -- From 'Marshall Plan' to Millennium Development Goals -- 2005 : a 'pivotal year' in the development debate? -- The foreign aid controversy -- Aid and poverty traps -- Foreign aid : a 'weapon of mass salvation' -- Conclusion -- The rise and fall of the socialist system and the trials of transition -- Introduction -- The legacy of Marx -- The rise and fall of the socialist system and the Soviet Union, 1917-91 -- From 'golden age' growth to slowdown -- Western perceptions of the socialist system -- Economic analysis under socialism -- From glasnost and perestroika to transition -- The political economy of transition -- A third way : is market socialism feasible? -- Alternative paths of transition : the shock therapy v. gradualism debate -- The political economy of reform -- Conclusion.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (pages 455-521) and index
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781847205353
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 210 p)
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Das, Dilip K., 1945 - The evolving global trade architecture
    DDC: 382/.92
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) ; World Trade Organization ; Uruguay Round ; Weltwirtschaftsordnung ; Internationale Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftskonferenz ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Internationale Wirtschaftsorganisation ; Welt ; Free trade ; International trade ; Foreign trade regulation ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; Electronic books ; WTO-Recht ; World Trade Organization ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Freihandel ; Welthandel ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: Development, developing economies and the multilateral trade regime -- Necessity for a development round -- Special treatment and policy space for the developing economies in the multilateral trade regime -- The Fifth Ministerial Conference : the wheels come off at Cancún -- Enter the developing economies : transforming the landscape of the multilateral trade regime -- The Sixth Ministerial Conference : the lean Hong Kong harvest -- The Doha Round : a disenchanting evolutionary process.
    Kurzfassung: This comprehensive and accessible book examines the evolution of the multilateral trade regime in the ever-changing global economic environment, particularly during the WTO era and the ongoing Doha Round. Professor Das explores how the creation of the multilateral trade regime, or the GATT/WTO system, has been fraught with difficulties. He describes the ways, by means of various rounds of negotiations, the multilateral trade regime has constantly adjusted itself to the new realities of the global economy
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-207) and index
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821365533 , 0821365541 , 9780821365533 , 9780821365540
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (x, 133 p) , ill , 27 cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: WBI learning resources series
    DDC: 307.76
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Municipal government ; Municipal services ; Sustainable development ; Urban policy ; Urban poor ; Globalization ; Municipal government ; Municipal services ; Sustainable development ; Urban policy ; Urban poor ; Globalization ; Municipal government ; Municipal services ; Sustainable development ; Urban policy ; Urban poor
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3806
    Paralleltitel: Nabeshima, Kaoru Two decades of reform
    Schlagwort(e): Capitalism ; Globalization ; Capitalism ; Globalization ; China Economic policy 1976-2000 ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Economic policy 1976-2000 ; China Foreign economic relations
    Kurzfassung: "Since the early 1980s, China has begun gradually integrating with the global system. In doing so the country has moved toward its own unique brand of market socialism, which recognizes private ownership, and is adopting market institutions and pursuing industrial change within the framework of an urban economic environment. The process of transition has now permeated every corner of Chinese life and no organization has been left untouched. Yet industrial organization in China-especially in the state sector-has been slow to shed many of the distinctive structural characteristics of the old line Maoist era state enterprises. The main prong of the industrial strategy in support of urban change is ownership reform that transforms state-owned enterprises into corporate entities with majority state ownership or places them wholly in private hands, in the process also bolstering the incentives for and the dynamism of the private sector. While the central government spearheads the ownership reform initiative, in the majority of cases the actual implementation is in the hands of municipal, county, and prefectural governments that must coordinate their efforts with other factors influencing urban changes. This paper situates industrial change in China within the context of urban development and examines the interplay of broad reform strategy with local implementation, and its actual practice by the reformed firms. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/12/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3850
    Paralleltitel: Bussolo, Maurizio Do regional trade pacts benefit the poor?
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Kurzfassung: "The main objective of this paper is to provide an ex-ante assessment of the poverty and income distribution impacts of the Central American Free Trade Area agreement on Nicaragua. The authors use a general equilibrium macro model to simulate trade reform scenarios and estimate their price effects, while a micro-module maps these price changes into real income changes at the individual household level. A useful insight from this analysis is that even if the final total impact on poverty is not too large, its dispersion across households-due to their heterogeneity of factor endowments, inputs use, commodity production, and consumption preferences-is significant and should be taken into account when designing compensatory policies. Additionally, growth and redistribution decomposition show that, at least in the short to medium run, redistribution can be as important as growth. The main policy message that emerges from the paper is that Nicaragua should consider enlarging its own liberalization to countries other than the United States to boost trade-induced poverty reductions. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3865
    Paralleltitel: Milanovic, Branko Global income inequality
    Schlagwort(e): Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution
    Kurzfassung: "The paper presents a nontechnical summary of the current state of debate on the measurement and implications of global inequality (inequality between citizens of the world). It discusses the relationship between globalization and global inequality. And it shows why global inequality matters and proposes a scheme for global redistribution. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3901
    Paralleltitel: Anderson, Kym Do global trade distortions still harm developing country farmers ?
    Schlagwort(e): Farm income ; Free trade ; Globalization ; Rural poor ; Farm income ; Free trade ; Globalization ; Rural poor
    Kurzfassung: "The authors estimate the impact of global merchandise trade distortions and services regulations on agricultural value added in various countries. Using the latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and the GTAP-AGR model of the global economy, their results suggest real net farm incomes would rise in developing countries with a move to free trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty. This occurs despite a terms of trade deterioration for developing countries that are net food importers or that enjoy preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. The authors also show, for several large developing countries, the contribution of their own versus other countries' trade policies. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/24/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3874
    Paralleltitel: Olarreaga, M Sugar prices, labor income, and poverty in Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Households Economic aspects ; Sugar trade ; Free trade ; Households Economic aspects ; Sugar trade
    Kurzfassung: "This paper assesses the impact that a potential liberalization of sugar regimes in OECD countries could have on household labor income and poverty in Brazil. The authors first estimate the extent of price transmission from world markets to 11 Brazilian states to capture the fact that some local markets may be relatively more isolated from changes in world prices. They then simultaneously estimate the impact that changes in domestic sugar prices have on regional wages and employment depending on worker characteristics. Finally, they measure the impact on household income of a 10 percent increase in world sugar prices. Results suggest that workers in the sugar sector and in sugar-producing regions have better employment opportunities and experience larger wage increases. More interestingly, households at the top of the income distribution experience larger income gains due to higher wages, whereas households at the bottom of the distribution experience larger income gains due to movements out of unemployment. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/5/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3985
    Paralleltitel: Almeida, Rita Openness and technological innovations in developing countries
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Free trade ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer
    Kurzfassung: "The authors analyze the role of international technological diffusion for firm-level technological innovations in several developing countries. Their findings show that, after controlling for firm, industry, and country characteristics, exporting and importing activities are important channels for the diffusion of technology. They also find evidence that the majority of foreign-owned firms are significantly less likely to engage in technological innovations than minority foreign-owned firms or domestic-owned firms. The authors interpret this finding as evidence that the technology transferred from multinational parents to majority-owned subsidiaries is more mature than that transferred to minority-owned subsidiaries. This finding supports the idea that equity joint ventures maximize technology transfers to local firms. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3841
    Paralleltitel: Nicita, Alessandro Export led growth, pro-poor or not?
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Job creation ; Poor ; Textile industry ; Globalization ; Job creation ; Poor ; Textile industry
    Kurzfassung: "Madagascar's textile and apparel industry has been among the fastest growing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fueled by low labor costs, a fairly productive labor force, and preferential access to industrial countries, Madagascar's exports of textile and apparel products grew from about US
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3848
    Paralleltitel: Anderson, Kym Doha merchandise trade reform
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences
    Kurzfassung: "This paper provides new estimates of the global gains from multilateral trade reform and their distribution among developing countries in the presence of trade preferences. Particular attention is given to agriculture, as farmers constitute the poorest households in developing countries but are the most assisted in rich countries. The latest GTAP database (Version 6.05) and the LINKAGE model of the global economy are used to examine the impact first of current merchandise trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible reform outcomes from the WTO's Doha Development Agenda. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries, despite a terms of trade loss in parts of that region. Net farm incomes would rise substantially in that and other developing country regions, thereby alleviating rural poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could move the world some way toward those desirable outcomes, but more so the more developing countries themselves cut applied tariffs, particularly on agricultural imports. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3905
    Paralleltitel: Galiano, Sebastian Trends in tariff reforms and trends in wage inequality
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Income distribution ; Wages ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Wages
    Kurzfassung: "The authors provide new evidence on the impacts of trade reforms on wages and wage inequality in developing countries. While most of the current literature on the topic achieves identification by comparing outcomes before and after one episode of trade liberalization across industries, they propose a stronger identifying strategy. The authors explore the recent historical record of policy changes adopted by Argentina: from significant protection in the early 1970s, to the first episode of liberalization during the late 1970s, back to a slowdown of reforms during the 1980s, to the second episode of liberalization in the 1990s. These swings in trade policy comprise broken trends in trade reforms that they can compare with observed trends in wages and wage inequality. After setting up unusual historical data sets of trends in tariffs, trends in wages, and trends in wage inequality, the evidence supports two well-known hypotheses: trade liberalization, other things being equal, (1) has reduced wages, and (2) has increased wage inequality. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3856
    Paralleltitel: Beck, Thorsten Creating an efficient financial system
    Schlagwort(e): Capital market ; Financial services industry ; Globalization ; Capital market ; Financial services industry ; Globalization
    Kurzfassung: "Financial sector development fosters economic growth and reduces poverty by widening and broadening access to finance and allocating society's savings more efficiently. The author first discusses three pillars on which sound and efficient financial systems are built: macroeconomic stability and effective and reliable contractual and informational frameworks. He then describes three different approaches to government involvement in the financial sector: the laissez-faire view, the market-failure view and the market-enabling view. Finally, the author analyzes the sequencing of financial sector reforms and discusses the benefits and challenges that emerging markets face when opening their financial systems to international capital markets. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3925
    Paralleltitel: Karacaovali, Baybars Productivity matters for trade policy
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Industrial productivity ; Tariff ; Free trade ; Industrial productivity ; Tariff
    Kurzfassung: "There is a growing literature that investigates the effect of trade liberalization on productivity. Nearly all such studies assume that trade policy is determined independently of productivity, hence it is exogenous. The author shows that this assumption is not valid in general, both theoretically and empirically, and that researchers may be underestimating the positive effect of liberalization on productivity when they do not account for the endogeneity bias. On the theory side, he demonstrates that under a standard political economy model of trade protection, productivity directly influences tariffs. Moreover, this productivity-tariff relationship partly determines the extent of liberalization across sectors even in the presence of a large exogenous unilateral liberalization shock that affects all sectors. The link between productivity and tariffs is maintained after the author includes in his political economy model a learning-by-doing motive of protection, which also serves as the source of liberalization. On the empirical side, he examines total factor productivity (TFP) estimates obtained at the firm level for Colombia between 1983 and 1998, and finds that more productive sectors receive more protection within this period. In estimating the effect of productivity on tariffs, he controls for the endogeneity of the two main right-hand-side variables-the inverse import penetration to import demand elasticity ratio and productivity-by using materials prices, the capital to output ratio, a measure of scale economies, and the TFP of the upstream industries as robust instruments. The author also accounts for the large trade liberalization between 1990 and 1992, and finds that the sectors with a higher productivity gain are liberalized less. Finally, he illustrates a system of equations estimation and shows that the positive impact of liberalization on productivity grows stronger when corrected for the endogeneity bias. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3951
    Paralleltitel: Eschenbach, Felix Services policies in transition economies
    Schlagwort(e): European Union ; World Trade Organization ; European Union ; World Trade Organization ; Free trade ; Service industries ; Free trade ; Service industries
    Kurzfassung: "The authors analyze the extent to which the EU-15 and 16 transition economies used the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) to commit to service sector policy reforms. They compare GATS commitments with the evolution of actual policy stances over time. While there is substantial variance across transition economies on both actual policies and GATS commitments, the authors find an inverse relationship between the depth of GATS commitments and the "quality" of actual services policies as assessed by the private sector. In part this can be explained by the fact that the prospect of EU accession makes GATS less relevant as a commitment device for a subset of transition economies. But for many of the non-EU accession candidates, the WTO seems to be a weak commitment device. One explanation is that the small size of the markets concerned generates weak external enforcement incentives. The authors' findings suggest greater collective investment by WTO members in monitoring and the need for transparency to increase the benefits of WTO membership to small countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3981
    Paralleltitel: Gourdon, Julien Openness, inequality, and poverty
    Schlagwort(e): Equality ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Equality ; Free trade ; Income distribution
    Kurzfassung: "Using tariffs as a measure of openness, the authors find consistent evidence that the conditional effects of trade liberalization on inequality are correlated with relative factor endowments. Trade liberalization is associated with increases in inequality in countries well-endowed in highly skilled workers and capital or with workers that have very low education levels and in countries relatively well-endowed in mining and fuels. Trade liberalization is associated with decreases in inequality in countries that are well-endowed with primary-educated labor. Similar results are also apparent when decile data are used instead of the usual Gini coefficient. The results are strongly supportive of the factor-proportions theory of trade and suggest that trade liberalization in poor countries where the share of the labor force with very low education levels (likely employed in nontradable activities) is high raises inequality. In the sample, countries with low education levels also have relatively scarce endowments of capital. Quantitatively capital scarcity is the dominating effect so that trade liberalization is accompanied by reduced income inequality in low-income countries. Within-country inequality is also positively correlated with measures of macroeconomic instability. Simulation results suggest that relatively small changes in inequality as measured by aggregate measures of inequality like the Gini coefficient are magnified when estimates are carried out using decile data. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821362747 , 9780821362747
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 337
    Schlagwort(e): Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; International trade ; Developing countries ; Poverty
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-284) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3813
    Paralleltitel: Panagariya, Arvind Preferential trading in South Asia
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences
    Kurzfassung: "The authors examine the economic case for the South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) Agreement signed on January 6, 2004 by India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. They start with a detailed analysis of the preferential trading arrangements in South Asia to look at the region's experience to date and to draw lessons. Specifically, they examine the most effective free trade area in existence-the India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Area-and evaluate the developments under the South Asian Preferential Trade Area (SAPTA). The authors conclude that, considered in isolation, the economic case for SAFTA is weak. When compared with the rest of the world, the region is tiny both in terms of economic size as measured by GDP (and per capita incomes) and the share in world trade. It is argued that these facts make it unlikely that trade diversion would be dominant as a result of SAFTA. This point is reinforced by the presence of high levels of protection in the region and the tendency of the member countries to establish highly restrictive "sectoral exceptions and sensitive lists" and stringent "rules of origin." The authors argue that the SAFTA makes sense only in the context of a much broader strategy of creating a larger preferential trade area in the region that specifically would encompass China and the member nations of the Association of South East Asian Nations. In turn, the case for the latter is strategic: the pursuit of regionalism in the Americas and Europe has created increasing discrimination against Asian exports to those regions, which must inevitably affect the region's terms of trade adversely. An Asian bloc could be a potential instrument of changing incentives for the trade blocs in the Americas and Europe and forcing multilateral freeing of trade. Assuming that the SAFTA Agreement is here to stay, the authors suggest steps to ensure that the Agreement can be made more effective in promoting intra-regional trade, while minimizing the likely trade-diversion costs and maximizing the potential benefits. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/12/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3879
    Paralleltitel: Jha, Shreyasi Trade liberalization and the environment in Vietnam
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Pollution Economic aspects ; Free trade ; Pollution Economic aspects ; Vietnam Commercial policy ; Vietnam Commercial policy
    Kurzfassung: "Vietnam's integration with the international economy has increased significantly over the past decade, aided by substantial liberalization of trade, and appears set to increase further as trade-expanding measures take full effect. This dramatic shift in Vietnam's trading patterns has important implications for the environment and use of natural resources. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the trading and investment patterns to give a broader understanding of the environmental implications of greater openness of the economy during the past decade. The results suggest increasing manufacturing and export activity in water and toxic pollution-intensive sectors compared with the less pollution-intensive sectors. The story is, on the surface, consistent with the changing composition of Vietnamese production and exports away from traditional sectors and toward pollution-intensive manufacturing (especially leather and textiles). The paper also highlights the need to consider strengthening environmental policies while further trade liberalization is being contemplated through Vietnam's joining of the World Trade Organization. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3891
    Paralleltitel: Casacuberta, Carlos Protection, openness, and factor adjustment
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Structural adjustment (Economic policy) ; Tariff ; Free trade ; Structural adjustment (Economic policy) ; Tariff
    Kurzfassung: "The authors use a panel of manufacturing firms to analyze the adjustment process in capital blue collar and white collar employment in Uruguay during a period of trade liberalization when average tariff protection fell from 43 to 14 percent. They calculate the desired factor levels arising from a counterfactual profit maximization in the absence of adjustment costs, generating a measure of factor shortages or surpluses. The average estimated output gap for 1982-95 is 2 percent. The authors' policy analysis shows that trade openness affected the adjustment functions of all three factors of production. Highly protected sectors adjust less when creating jobs (reducing labor shortages) than sectors with low protection. This may be due to fears of policy reversal in highly protected sectors. Also, highly protected sectors adjust more easily (than low protection sectors) when destroying jobs (reducing labor surpluses), especially in the case of blue collar labor. This suggests that trade protection may in fact destroy rather than create jobs within industries, as firms in highly protected sectors are more reluctant to hire and more ready to fire than firms in sectors with low protection. The results for capital are qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller, suggesting that trade protection plays less of a role in explaining adjustment costs for capital. Interestingly, export-oriented sectors have lower adjustment costs for blue collar labor but not for white collar employment or capital, suggesting that export-led growth may be particularly successful in reducing blue collar unemployment. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3980
    Paralleltitel: Klytchnikova, Irina Trade reforms, farm productivity, and poverty in Bangladesh
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural productivity ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Agricultural productivity ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Bangladesh Rural conditions ; Bangladesh Rural conditions
    Kurzfassung: "This paper analyzes the distributional impacts of trade reforms in rural areas of Bangladesh. The liberalization of trade in irrigation equipment and fertilizer markets during the early 1990s has led to structural changes in the agricultural sector and a significant increase in rice productivity. A resulting increase in output has been associated with a decline in producer and consumer rice prices of approximately 25 percent. Using a combination of ex-post and ex-ante approaches, the authors investigate the implications of the changes in rice productivity and prices for the welfare of households. They find that the net effects of increased rice productivity and lower rice prices have benefited the poor. Regardless of the particular category analyzed, the poorest households emerged as being particularly positively affected by reforms in the 1990s. This mainly reflects the fact that they are predominantly net rice buyers in both urban and rural markets. In contrast, large net sellers of rice, among the better-off households in the rural areas, were the main losers. Since net buyers in rural areas tend to be poorer than net sellers, trade liberalization has benefited the poor. Although the authors are not able to test empirically what has happened to the welfare level of agricultural wage earners, secondary evidence suggests that they have gained from trade liberalization. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 57
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    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781847201546
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 464 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International handbook on industrial policy
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Industriepolitik ; Globalisierung ; Wettbewerb ; Regulierung ; Industrieforschung ; Innovation ; KMU ; Welt ; Industrial policy ; Globalization ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Industriepolitik ; Globalisierung ; Industriepolitik
    Kurzfassung: This timely and much-needed Handbook reconsiders an old topic from a fresh perspective, raising a number of new, interesting and worthwhile issues in the wake of ten years of globalization. This comprehensive analysis illustrates that old-style industrial policies whereby the government directly intervened in markets, and was often the producer itself, are no longer relevant. Structural changes occurring in economies--summarized in the term "globalization"--are triggering the definition and implementation of new industrial policies. The contributors, leading experts in their field, unite to evaluate this shift of over a decade ago
    Kurzfassung: pt. 1. Industrial policy in a global perspective -- pt. 2. Competition and regulatory issues -- pt. 3. Research, technology and innovation -- pt. 4. Territory, industrial development and small firms -- pt. 5. The use of game theory in industrial policy analysis -- pt. 6. Particular views
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 58
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    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781847201812
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 230 p)
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Robertson, David, 1935 - International economics and confusing politics
    DDC: 337
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Wirtschaft ; Globalisierung ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; WTO-Recht ; Welt ; International trade ; International economic relations ; Globalization ; Electronic books ; Weltwirtschaft ; Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: 1. International political economy -- 2. Internationalism : in the beginning ... -- 3. Trade relations -- 4. Trade and development -- 5. The WTO and the Doha Round -- 6. The regional trade alternative -- 7. Promoting economic development -- 8. Globalization and civil society -- 9. A system under siege -- 10. Economics and international politics.
    Kurzfassung: The IMF, the World Bank and GATT/WTO have had to adapt to changing circumstances in the past 60 years as they guided the world economy to growing interdependence and prosperity. Now they face several simultaneous challenges. In this book, David Robertson discusses the rise of new economic players, including proliferating NGOs, self-promoting UN agencies and "emerging" economies (such as Brazil, China and India), which call into question the management of G7 governments
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 59
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    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781847200167
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 344 p) , ill
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Institutions, globalisation and empowerment
    DDC: 306
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Institutioneller Wandel ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welt ; Gleichberechtigung ; Social institutions ; Globalization ; Economic development ; Sozialeinrichtung ; Globalisierung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Globalisierung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Institutionenökonomie
    Kurzfassung: This book argues that the capacity of a country to develop, and the levels of economic and social development achieved, depend more on the institutional parameters within which the development policies are implemented than on the policies themselves. It contends that forces of globalisation influence individual countries' economic and social institutions
    Kurzfassung: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. Concepts -- pt. 3. Empirical evidence -- pt. 4. Conclusion
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 60
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3500
    Paralleltitel: Zafar, Ali Revenue and the fiscal impact of trade liberalization
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Tariff ; Tax revenue estimating ; Free trade ; Tariff ; Tax revenue estimating
    Kurzfassung: "Using data collected during several missions, Zafar finds that the principal reasons for low revenue mobilization are (1) the adverse fiscal impact of trade liberalization, (2) the defiscalization of agriculture in the 1970s, (3) the collapse of the uranium boom in the 1980s, and (4) the poor record of the VAT in mobilizing revenue. The large reduction in tariffs during the 1980s and 1990s in the context of structural adjustment programs and West African regional integration initiatives had adverse effects on trade tax revenue during the period 1980--2003. But higher import levels after 1994 succeeded in partially mitigating the revenue losses. The experience of Niger shows that without accompanying macroeconomic policies, parallel improvements in tax and customs administration, and success in mobilizing domestic taxes, most notably the VAT, trade reform can have adverse fiscal consequences. Using a SMART model partial equilibrium analysis developed by UNCTAD for researchers and negotiators at multilateral trade rounds, the author simulated three different tariff shocks to test the fiscal and trade implications of additional trade liberalization in Niger. First, the preferred tariff regime in terms of overall fiscal and job creation impact was the harmonized Swiss formula in contrast to a 10 and 15 percent uniform tariff. Second, a possible Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (REPA) between the European Union and l'Union economique et Montaire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA) by 2015 that would abolish duties on EU imports to the UEMOA countries would have negative fiscal effects on Niger of more than 1 percent of GDP, positive effects on trade creation of about 1.5 percent of GDP, and ambiguous effects on local industry. While there will be some welfare gains for consumers and importers from lower import tariffs and the possibility of trade creation, the fiscal losses and adjustment costs would be significant, particularly in the machinery and transport sectors. Third, there are asymmetric gains and losses from regional integration and tariff changes, and a 10 percent uniform tariff would have the greatest impact on Benin and Senegal and some impact on Niger and Togo. In sum, further trade liberalization in Niger will have significant fiscal costs, partially offset by trade creation through increased imports. This paper--a product of Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 3, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the region to understand the reasons for low resource mobilization"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/28/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3758
    Paralleltitel: Yusuf, Shahid Japan's changing industrial landscape
    Schlagwort(e): Competition, International ; Globalization ; Industries ; Competition, International ; Globalization ; Industries
    Kurzfassung: "This paper explores various strategic options available to Japanese firms faced with the increasing market pressures in the global economy. Whether Japanese firms are able to retain the competitive edge will depend on the continuing gains in their manufacturing capability, their capacity to exploit and adapt to changing market circumstances, and innovativeness at many levels. The authors discuss six main developments that are changing the industrial landscape in Japan and in this context, they explore the nature of the responses required of firms and examine some implications of the measures adopted for the Japanese economy as a whole. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/26/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3702
    Paralleltitel: Zhai, Fan Impacts of the Doha development agenda on China
    Schlagwort(e): Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Free trade ; Poverty ; China Commercial policy ; China Economic conditions 1976-2000 ; Regional disparities ; China Commercial policy ; China Economic conditions 1976-2000 ; Regional disparities
    Kurzfassung: "The authors assess the implications of multilateral trade reforms for poverty in China. They do so by combining results from a global modeling exercise with a national CGE model that features disaggregated households in both the rural and urban sectors. They examine two trade reform scenarios: one involving global trade liberalization, and one involving possible Doha Development Agenda reforms. Using the World Bank's
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3744
    Paralleltitel: Aroca, Patricio Spatial dimensions of trade liberalization and economic convergence
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade ; Mexico Economic conditions 1994- ; Regional disparities ; Mexico Economic conditions 1994- ; Regional disparities
    Kurzfassung: "This paper studies the spatial dimension of growth in Mexico over the past three decades. The literature on regional economic growth shows a decrease in regional dispersion from 1970 to 1985, and a sharp increase afterward coinciding with the trade liberalization of the Mexican economy. Using spatial econometric, tools the authors analyze how the process of convergence/divergence has mapped spatially and whether it makes sense to talk about spatial regions in Mexico. Although the rich North-poor South dichotomy has dominated this phenomenon, interesting patterns emerge. Namely the distribution of growth after Mexico's post-liberalization seems to be much less associated with distance to the United States than the authors had initially expected. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3717
    Paralleltitel: Arndt, Channing The Doha trade round and Mozambique
    Schlagwort(e): Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Mozambique Economic conditions 1975- ; Mozambique Economic conditions 1975-
    Kurzfassung: "This paper considers the potential implications of the Doha Development Agenda, as well as other trade liberalization scenarios, for Mozambique. An applied general equilibrium model, which accounts for high marketing margins and home consumption in the Mozambique economy, is linked to results from the GTAP model of global trade. In addition, a microsimulation module is used to consider the subsequent implications of trade liberalization for poverty. The implications of trade liberalization, particularly the Doha scenarios, are found to be relatively small. Presuming that a more liberal trading regime will positively influence growth in Mozambique, an opportunity exists to put in place such a regime without imposing significant adjustment costs. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/16/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 65
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3721
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard M Economic policy responses to preference erosion
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Economic assistance ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic assistance ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences
    Kurzfassung: "Trade preferences are a central issue in ongoing efforts to negotiate further multilateral trade liberalization. "Less preferred" countries are increasingly concerned about the discrimination they confront, while "more preferred" developing countries worry that WTO-based liberalization of trade will erode the value of current preferential access regimes. This tension suggests there is a political economy case for preference-granting countries to explicitly address erosion fears. The authors argue that the appropriate instrument for this is development assistance. The alternative of addressing erosion concerns through the trading system will generate additional discrimination and trade distortions, rather than moving the WTO toward a more liberal, non-discriminatory regime. They further argue that prospective losses generated by most-favored-nation liberalization should be quantified on a bilateral basis, using methods that estimate what the associated transfer should have been and ignoring the various factors that reduce their value in practice (such as compliance costs or the fact that part of the rents created by preference programs accrue to importers in OECD countries). Given that many poor countries have not been able to benefit much from preference programs, a case is also made that preference erosion should be considered as part of a broader response by OECD countries to calls to make the trading system more supportive of economic development. The focus should be on identifying actions and policy measures that will improve the ability of developing countries to use trade for development. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3591
    Paralleltitel: Monge González, Ricardo Anti-dumping policies and safeguard measures in the context of Costa Rica's economic liberalization
    Schlagwort(e): Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade
    Kurzfassung: "This paper reviews the most important changes, both in the economy and in the legal and institutional framework, to deal with unfair trade practices that Costa Rica has experienced during its trade liberalization process. It also evaluates whether the sectors that as a result of such a process have been facing increased foreign competition, and may have attempted to use the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules adopted by Costa Rica as a protectionist instrument. Costa Rica's legal framework against unfair trade practices at the multilateral level emerged when the country adopted the WTO rules on antidumping policies and safeguard measures. That has been reinforced at the bilateral level through the subscription of free trade agreements with Central America, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Chile, and Canada. So far, only six antidumping petitions and five safeguards have been received by the government. In reviewing these petitions, the government has paid particular attention to the impact of any action on the competitiveness of the domestic market and on the possibility that it would support modernization of the industry. Behind the political acceptance of this disciplined approach lies widespread recognition of the social as well as economic progress that liberalization has supported. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3616
    Paralleltitel: Anderson, Kym Would multilateral trade reform benefit Sub-Saharan Africans?
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines whether the Sub-Saharan African economies could gain from multilateral trade reform in the presence of trade preferences. The World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the WTO's Doha round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa proportionately more than in other developing countries or in high-income countries, despite a terms of trade loss in parts of the region. Farm employment and output, the real value of agricultural and food exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes would all rise in the region, thereby alleviating poverty. A Doha partial liberalization of both agricultural and nonagricultural trade could significantly benefit the region. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/2/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3615
    Paralleltitel: Sáez, Sebastián Keeping animal spirits asleep
    Schlagwort(e): Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade
    Kurzfassung: "Chilean legislation is quite conservative, especially compared with international practice. However, its application has not been free of criticism, and it proved necessary to seek mechanisms that combine limitations set forth in the GATT/WTO regulations and others self-imposed by Chilean law. Legislation on antidumping measures was introduced in Chile in 1992. The Distortions Commission has recommended and the President has adopted such measures on just six occasions, of which two correspond to extensions of existing measures. Legislation on safeguard measures was introduced in 1999. In the 1999-2002 period, seven safeguard measures were adopted. The traditional agricultural sector was the main user of the measures, and no measure was in place for more than 12 months. The context in which the Commission was created in 1981 and the type of measures adopted by this entity support the idea that the objective of the Commission was to alleviate the political pressures generated by the difficult economic situation rather than to correct problems originated by the price distortions of goods. In the second half of the 1980s, the Commission supported the liberalization process that started in 1985. Adopting safeguard legislation in 1999 helped to gain approval of further tariff reductions from 11 percent to 6 percent. During the decade of the 1990s and until the present day, the philosophy of minimal use to further liberalization has been maintained. The legislation has undergone modifications to adjust the instruments used to support the economic opening and international commitments. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/16/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3676
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard M Trade and employment
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; International trade ; Labor market ; Wages ; Free trade ; International trade ; Labor market ; Wages
    Kurzfassung: "The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. This paper surveys the subset of the literature focusing on trade policy and integration into the world economy. Although in the longer run trade opportunities can have a major impact in creating more productive and higher paying jobs, this literature tends to take employment as given. A common finding is that much of the shorter run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labor or wage impacts within sectors. This reflects a pattern of expansion of more productive firms-especially export-oriented or suppliers to exporters-and contraction and adjustment of less productive enterprises in sectors that become subject to greater import competition. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than employment impacts, but trade can only explain a small fraction of the general increase in wage inequality observed in both industrial and developing countries in recent decades. A feature of the literature survey is that the focus is almost exclusively on industries producing goods. Given the importance of service industries as a source of employment and determinants of competitiveness, the paper argues that one priority area for future research is to study the employment effects of services trade and investment reforms. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3513
    Paralleltitel: Benitez, Daniel A How concentrated are global infrastructure markets?
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Kurzfassung: "In infrastructure, the possibility of a positive relationship between operators' profitability and the degree of concentration is a major political issue in view of the wide diversity of feelings about the potential role of the private sector. This is particularly important because of (1) the large residual degree of monopolies, (2) the protection they are granted through exclusivity clauses built in service delivery contracts, and (3) the widespread sense that the same operators tend to be present in most of the privatized operations. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a first set of quantitative assessments of the degree of concentration in infrastructure at the global and the regional levels. Concentration issues were identified in only about 20 percent of the cases studied, and a presumption of concentration was found in another 30 percent of the cases. Benitez and Estache find no correlation between the degree of concentration and the degree of reform adopted by a region or a sector. In more general terms, they find no scope for simple encompassing regional or sectoral statements because issues are region- and sector-specific. The authors conclude by arguing that there are a few cases and regions in which it would make sense for a supranational competition or regulation agency to ensure that the interests of the users are protected more effectively against the risks of collusion and other types of anti-competitive behaviors local regulators would not be equipped to address. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the state of the sector"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3493
    Paralleltitel: Karacaovali, Baybars The clash of liberalizations
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences
    Kurzfassung: "There has been an explosion in the number of preferential trade agreements in the past decade. Preferential trade agreements are characterized by liberalization with respect to only a few partners and thus they can potentially clash with and retard multilateral trade liberalization. Despite this important concern with preferential trade agreements, there is almost no systematic evidence on whether they actually affect multilateral trade liberalization. Karacaovali and Limô model the effect of preferential trade agreements on multilateral trade liberalization and show that preferential trade agreements slow down multilateral trade liberalization unless they have a common external tariff and allow for internal transfers. Next, they use detailed data on product-level tariffs negotiated by the European Union in the past two multilateral trade rounds to structurally estimate their model. The authors confirm the main prediction--the European Union's preferential trade agreements have clashed with its multilateral trade liberalization---and find that the effect is quantitatively significant. Moreover, they also confirm several auxiliary predictions of the model and provide new evidence on the political economy determinants of multilateral liberalization in the European Union. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the interaction between preferential and multilateral liberalization"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3557
    Paralleltitel: Heckelman, Jac C Foreign aid and market-liberalizing reform
    Schlagwort(e): Economic assistance ; Free enterprise ; Free trade ; International trade ; Economic assistance ; Free enterprise ; Free trade ; International trade
    Kurzfassung: "Market-oriented economic policies-reflected in limited economic activity by government, protection of private property rights, sound monetary policy, outward orientation regarding trade and efficient tax and regulatory policy-have been strongly linked to faster rates of economic growth. Foreign aid is often provided in the belief that it encourages liberalizing reforms in these areas. This paper analyzes the impact of aid on market-liberalizing policy reform, correcting for the possible endogeneity of aid. Results indicate that higher aid slowed reform over the 1980-2000 period, as measured by a broad index of policies. Disaggregating policy into five areas, aid is significantly linked to slower reform in some policy areas but not in others. Disaggregating by decade, aid's adverse impact on policy reform is much more pronounced for the 1980s than for the 1990s. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3658
    Paralleltitel: Webb, Richard Antidumping mechanisms and safeguards in Peru
    Schlagwort(e): Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Peru Commerce ; Peru Commerce
    Kurzfassung: "Peru's experience in the application of antidumping and safeguard measures is characterized by a radical change in the philosophy and procedures of trade at the beginning of the 1990s, and by an increasing use of these mechanisms. Trade liberalization was accompanied by the liberalization of foreign currency transactions and of financial and labor markets. Also, the internal revenue administration was modernized, institutions for regulation and competition defense were created, and state enterprises were transferred to private owners or concessionaires. New laws and institutions were created to regulate markets, including INDECOPI, a novel government agency charged with antimonopoly regulation and consumer defense, and which houses the Antidumping and Subsidies Commission. This highly autonomous and technical Commission became the central player in the implementation of WTO rules and procedures for fair trade. Since the reform was launched, a total of 81 trade protection cases have been presented, of which 57 were followed by a dumping investigation. The application of antidumping duties was approved for 29 of the cases investigated. Only two cases of safeguard investigations were recorded, one of which (Chinese textile clothing articles) is still in the negotiation phase. This paper reviews that case experience in detail, concluding that Peru has clearly differentiated between unfair competition and dumping on the one hand, and damage and safeguards on the other, and has applied strict technical criteria to the former and broader political considerations to the latter. Despite recent indications of a partial retreat from those principles, the decade-old reform is expected to last. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3684
    Paralleltitel: de la Torre, Luz Elena Reyes Antidumping and safeguard measures in the political economy of liberalization
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade
    Kurzfassung: "Mexico's creation and use of safeguard and antidumping processes to advance its liberalization illustrate three key points: (1) The country was able to use the instruments without losing political control. In a period of crisis that threatened congressional approval of critical steps in the liberalization-brought on by currency overvaluation and recession, along with unexpected demands from the United States in the North American Free Trade Agreement negotiations-the government applied a number of trade defense measures. Once the problems were addressed with adequate instruments the number of measures dropped drastically. The instruments had not been captured by protection-seeking interests; (2) The country adopted a liberalization-accepting measure of international norms. An important innovation that Mexico made operational was the use within World Trade Organization (WTO) rules of prevailing international prices as the measure of competition that industry was expected to meet. The WTO rules would also have allowed the use of other standards-as in traditional antidumping-using countries-that impose less discipline. Moreover, the Mexican standard was consistent with the government-industry understanding that though Mexican industry would be protected against extraordinary circumstances it would be expected to face up to international competition; (3) Political judgment and political courage are essential. While mastery of the technical elements of a safeguard or antidumping investigation is mandatory, sustaining liberalization depends in significant part on the political skills to know when to emphasize the technical elements, when to rely more on the discretion the government retains under the rules, and on the courage to do it. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3707
    Paralleltitel: Nicita, Alessandro Multilateral trade liberalization and Mexican households
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Households ; Poverty ; Free trade ; Households ; Poverty
    Kurzfassung: "Empirical evidence suggests that global trade reforms are unlikely to produce analogous results across countries, especially when analyzing their effect on poverty. This implies that the analysis of trade reform on social welfare cannot be generalized and needs to be conducted on a country by country basis. Moreover, even within the same country, geographic areas, households, and individuals are likely to be differentially affected, some of them benefiting more than others, while others might lose. With this in mind, the author provides a quantitative estimate of the effect on Mexican households from the implementation of the Doha development agenda. His analysis uses a two-step approach for which changes in prices and factors are estimated through a CGE model (GTAP) and then mapped into the welfare function of the household using household survey data. The empirical approach the author uses aims to measure the impact of Doha implementation by tracing changes in the household prices of goods and factors and their impact on household welfare, taking particular account the role of domestic price transmission. The findings suggest that multilateral trade liberalization alone would have a negative effect on Mexican households, even though very small. However, when the implementation of the Doha development agenda is complemented by domestic policies aimed at increasing productivity and improving domestic price transmission, the overall effects become positive. The results point to the importance of domestic price transmission in determining the variance of the effects across households. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/6/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3738
    Paralleltitel: Cororaton, Caesar B Doha scenarios, trade reforms, and poverty in the Philippines
    Schlagwort(e): Equilibrium (Economics) ; Free trade ; Poor ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Free trade ; Poor ; Philippines Commercial policy ; Philippines Commercial policy
    Kurzfassung: "Since the early 1980s the Philippines has undertaken substantial trade reform. The current Doha Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations is now likely to bring further reform and shocks to world import prices and export demand. The impact of all these developments on the poor is not very clear and is the subject of intense debate. The authors use a detailed economywide computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to run a series of policy experiments. They find that poverty increases slightly with the implementation of the prospective Doha scenario. These effects are focused primarily among rural households in the wake of falling world prices and demand for the Philippines' agricultural exports. The authors find that the impacts of full liberalization-involving free world trade and complete domestic liberalization-depend strongly on the mechanism the government adopts to offset forgone tariff revenue. If an indirect tax is used, the incidence of poverty falls marginally, but the depth (poverty gap) and severity (squared poverty gap) increase substantially. If, instead, an income tax is used, all measures of poverty increase. In both cases, full liberalization favors urban households, as exports, which are primarily nonagricultural, expand. In separate simulations, the authors discover that free world trade is poverty reducing and favors rural households, whereas domestic liberalization is poverty increasing and favors urban households. Under free world trade, rural households benefit from increasing world agricultural demand. The anti-rural bias of domestic liberalization stems from the fact that import prices fall more for agricultural goods than for industrial goods, as initial import-weighted average tariff rates are higher for the former. In conclusion, the current Doha agreement appears likely to slightly increase poverty, especially in rural areas and among the unemployed, self-employed, and rural low-educated. The Philippines is found to have an interest in pushing for more ambitious world trade liberalization, as free world trade holds out promise for reducing poverty. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/4/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3746
    Paralleltitel: Emini, Christian Arnault The poverty impacts of the Doha Round in Cameroon
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Poverty ; Taxation ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: "The authors aim to assess the possible impacts of the Doha Round of negotiations on poverty in Cameroon. During the recent period of economic recovery, Cameroon enjoyed a sharp decline in poverty, with the headcount index falling from 53.3 percent of inhabitants in 1996 to 40.2 percent in 2001, mostly due to economic growth rather than redistribution. Will the current trade negotiations under the Doha Round reinforce or curb this trend? They apply a computable general equilibrium (CGE) microsimulation model that involves 10,992 households in order to address this question. The authors find the Doha Round to be poverty-reducing for Cameroon. For the whole country, the estimate of the net number of people who are lifted out of poverty is 22,000 following this scenario. Further investigations indicate that more ambitious world trade liberalization leads to greater poverty alleviation at the national level, while Cameroon's domestic trade liberalization has adverse poverty and inequality impacts-despite giving rise to higher aggregate welfare. Under the Doha scenario, the cuts in Cameroon's tariffs are very small (the average tariff rate moves from 11.79 percent in the base run to merely 11.66 percent) so that world trade liberalization effects on prices more than offset the adverse own liberalization effects in this scenario. If the rest of the world and Cameroon full trade liberalizations are combined, the adverse impacts of own liberalization outweigh the favorable outcomes of the world trade liberalization. The results suggest furthermore that the choice of tax replacement instrument can have an important bias in poverty impacts: poverty gets worse in the country case study when using an imperfect value-added tax instead of a neutral replacement tax to compensate lost tariff revenue, and gets even worse when using a consumption tax. Key reasons here are the supplementary distortions which are nil in case of a neutral tax and greatest in the case of a consumption tax. In addition, accompanying measures should be considered to avoid poverty increases in the framework of Economic Partnership Agreements currently in negotiation between African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries and the European Union, which propose a drastic dismantlement of ACP tariffs over the next few years. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3725
    Paralleltitel: Rutherford, Thomas Fox The impact on Russia of WTO accession and the DOHA agenda
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Free trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Free trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Russia (Federation) Economic conditions 1991- ; Russia (Federation) Economic conditions 1991-
    Kurzfassung: "Taking price changes from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade, the authors use a small open economy computable general equilibrium comparative static model of the Russian economy to assess the impact of global free trade and a successful completion of the Doha Agenda on the Russian economy, and especially on the poor. They compare those results with the impact of Russian accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on income distribution and the poor. The model incorporates all 55,000 households from the Russian Household Budget Survey as "real" households. Crucially, given the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) liberalization as part of Russian WTO accession, the authors also include FDI and Dixit-Stiglitz endogenous productivity effects from liberalization of import barriers against goods and FDI in services. The authors estimate that Russian WTO accession in the medium run will result in gains averaged over all Russian households equal to 7.3 percent of Russian consumption (with a standard deviation of 2.2 percent of consumption), with virtually all households gaining. They find that global free trade would result in a weighted average gain to households in Russia of 0.2 percent of consumption, with a standard deviation of 0.2 percent of consumption, while a successful completion of the Doha Development Agenda would result in a weighted average gain to households of -0.3 percent of consumption (with a standard deviation of 0.2 percent of consumption). Russia, as a net food importer, loses from subsidy elimination, and the gains to Russia from tariff cuts in other countries are too small to offset these losses. The results strongly support the view that Russia's own liberalization is more important than improvements in market access as a result of reforms in tariffs or subsidies in the rest of the world. Foremost among the own reforms is liberalization of barriers against FDI in business services. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3587
    Paralleltitel: Nogués, Julio J Political economy of antidumping and safeguards in Argentina
    Schlagwort(e): Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade
    Kurzfassung: "Beginning in the late 1980s, Argentina implemented a series of reforms that were revolutionary in speed and scope, including trade liberalization. After the implementation of these policies, a record number of antidumping petitions came forward. Under a situation of high inflation, the government reinforced its fiscal and monetary policies by announcing that it would minimize the use of such measures. The flexible disciplines of the existing domestic antidumping regulations facilitated this objective. Later, when the GATT/WTO-sanctioned trade remedies were implemented, the government made a serious attempt to establish discipline by including liberal regulations and creating special institutional arrangements. A presumption built into the construction of the new mechanisms was that adhering to WTO requirements would strengthen the resistance against protection. This presumption turned out to be false. Changing circumstances, including severe peso overvaluation, had significant effects on the number and outcome of antidumping investigations. Regarding safeguards, the government followed the letter and the spirit of the WTO agreement. In relation to the number of petitions, few measures have been implemented. Rejections were based on a concern for consumer costs and on failure of the industry seeking protection to provide a convincing modernization plan. This, plus the fact that some cases were brought to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, have made safeguards a less attractive instrument for protection-seekers than antidumping. An important positive side of the story is that unlike previous balance of payments adjustments, in spite of the major crisis that followed the recent devaluation, the hard-won liberalization has been maintained. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3541
    Paralleltitel: Seshan, Ganesh The impact of trade liberalization on household welfare in Vietnam
    Schlagwort(e): Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Households ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Households ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Kurzfassung: "What is the effect of trade liberalization on households in developing countries? To what extent do the poor benefit when local markets are made more accommodative to international trade? The author empirically analyzes the distributional impact of trade policies on households in a low-income country with a large rural economy where labor markets are imperfect. The methodology in this paper, which can be applied to various types of labor market conditions, relates changes in prices attributed to trade reforms to changes in household welfare, income distribution, and poverty using theoretically consistent measures of producer and consumer welfare. The author investigates the effects on poverty and income distribution of national and international market integration in Vietnam's rice sector and fertilizer market between 1993 and 1998, a period of ongoing market reforms when the national poverty rate fell sharply from 59 percent to 37 percent. He finds that when the effects of opening the rice and fertilizer market are isolated, Vietnam's agricultural trade reforms did not contribute to a significant improvement in overall household welfare or decline in poverty over this period. Nonetheless, the liberalization exercise can explain about half of the reduction in poverty incidence among farm households. The results also show that liberalization did not exacerbate income inequality, but did generate gains for rural households across the distribution, particularly the poor, at the expense of urban households. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3607
    Paralleltitel: Anderson, Kym Agricultural trade reform and the Doha development agenda
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Agricultural subsidies ; Free trade ; Tariff ; Agricultural subsidies ; Free trade ; Tariff
    Kurzfassung: "Anderson and Martin examine the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. They use the World Bank's linkage model of the global economy to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the World Trade Organization's Doha round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries. Real returns to farm land and unskilled labor and real net farm incomes would rise substantially in those developing country regions, thereby alleviating poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could take the world some way toward those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/13/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3712
    Paralleltitel: Kaufmann, Daniel Governance and the city
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Municipal government ; Urban policy ; Globalization ; Municipal government ; Urban policy
    Kurzfassung: "The authors contribute to the field of urban governance and globalization through an empirically-based exploration of determinants of the performance of cities. They construct a preliminary worldwide database for cities, containing variables and indicators of globalization (at the country and city level), city governance, city performance (access and quality of infrastructure service delivery), as well as other relevant city characteristics. This city database, encompassing hundreds of cities worldwide, integrates existing data with new data gathered for this research. The findings suggest that good governance and globalization (at both the country and city level) do matter for city-level performance in terms of access and quality of delivery of infrastructure services. The authors also find that globalization and good city governance are significantly related with each other. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that there are complex interactions between technology choices, governance, and city performance, as well as evidence of a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between city size and performance, challenging the view that very large cities necessarily exhibit lower performance and pointing instead to potential agglomeration economies. The framework also suggests a way of bridging two seemingly competing strands of the literature, namely viewing the city as a place or as an outcome. The authors conclude by pointing to the need for expanding the database and the econometric framework, and suggest research directions and policy implications emerging from this initial investigation on governance and the city. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3763
    Paralleltitel: Chang, Roberto Openness can be good for growth
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market
    Kurzfassung: "The authors study how the effect of trade openness on economic growth depends on complementary reforms that help a country take advantage of international competition. This issue is illustrated with a simple Harris-Todaro model where output gains after trade liberalization depend on the degree of labor market flexibility. In that model, trade protection may ameliorate the problem of underemployment (and underproduction) in sectors affected by labor market distortions. Hence, trade liberalization unambiguously increases per capita income only when labor markets are sufficiently flexible. The authors then present some panel evidence on how the growth effect of openness depends on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, they use a non-linear growth regression specification that interacts a proxy of trade openness with proxies of educational investment, financial depth, inflation stabilization, public infrastructure, governance, labor-market flexibility, ease of firm entry, and ease of firm exit. They find that the growth effects of openness are positive and economically significant if certain complementary reforms are undertaken. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
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    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3243
    Paralleltitel: Ravallion, Martin Competing concepts of inequality in the globalization debate
    Schlagwort(e): Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Anmerkung: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3371
    Paralleltitel: Soto, Raimundo On the measurement of market-oriented reforms
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Privatization ; Free trade ; Privatization
    Kurzfassung: "Loayza and Soto present policy and outcome-based ways of measuring the progress of market-oriented reforms in both traditional areas of first-generation reform and the areas of institutional reform that have been emphasized lately. These policy areas are the domestic financial system, international financial markets, international trade, the labor market, the tax system, public infrastructure and public firms, the legal and regulatory framework, and governance. For each of them, the authors first discuss the general principles underlying market-oriented reform. Second, they present various indicators of the policy stance in the area in question. And third, they present various outcome indicators of the policy stance. This paper is a product of Investment Climate Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the process of economic reform"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
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    Serie: Policy research working paper 3448
    Paralleltitel: Islam, Roumeen What are the right institutions in a globalizing world? and-- can we keep them if we've found them?
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; International economic integration ; International trade ; Globalization ; International economic integration ; International trade
    Kurzfassung: "Greater trade integration has often been viewed as requiring greater standardization in institutions, without which the benefits of trade do not materialize. There are many current debates concerning the degree and area of standardization needed and these debates are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. This paper, drawing on both the fiscal federalism and the trade literature, argues that increasing trade integration is consistent with a wide array of institutional choices. The final outcome, in terms of which institutions have prevailed, has depended substantially on political pressures for standardization and not necessarily on a clear assessment of economic gains. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute--is part of a larger effort in the institute to understand the concept of 'good' governance and to disseminate its work in this area"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3461
    Paralleltitel: Ravallion, Martin Looking beyond averages in the trade and poverty debate
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Households ; Households ; Globalization ; Households ; Households ; China Commercial policy ; Morocco Commercial policy ; China Commercial policy ; Morocco Commercial policy
    Kurzfassung: "There has been much debate about how much poor people in developing countries gain from trade openness, as one aspect of 'globalization.' Ravallion views the issue through both 'macro' and 'micro' empirical lenses. The macro lens uses cross-country comparisons and aggregate time series data. The micro lens uses household-level data combined with structural modeling of the impacts of specific trade reforms. The author presents case studies for China and Morocco. Both the macro and micro approaches cast doubt on some wide generalizations from both sides of the globalization debate. Additionally the micro lens indicates considerable heterogeneity in the welfare impacts of trade openness, with both gainers and losers among the poor. The author identifies a number of covariates of the individual gains. The results point to the importance of combining trade reforms with well-designed social protection policies. This paper--a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the distributional impacts of economywide policies"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3195
    Paralleltitel: Evenett, Simon J Government procurement
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Government purchasing ; International trade ; Tariff ; Free trade ; Government purchasing ; International trade ; Tariff
    Anmerkung: "January 23, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3255
    Paralleltitel: Bolaky, Bineswaree Trade, regulations, and growth
    Schlagwort(e): Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Trade regulation ; Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Trade regulation
    Anmerkung: "March 24, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3265
    Paralleltitel: Nicita, Alessandro Who benefited from trade liberalization in Mexico?
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade ; Mexico Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Mexico Economic conditions ; Regional disparities
    Anmerkung: "April 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3188
    Paralleltitel: Saggi, Kamal Trading market access for competition policy enforcement
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Antitrust law ; Free trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Tariff ; Antitrust law ; Free trade ; Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Tariff
    Anmerkung: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3333
    Paralleltitel: Dollar, David Globalization, poverty, and inequality since 1980
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3368
    Paralleltitel: Lokshin, Michael Gainers and losers from trade reform in Morocco
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade
    Kurzfassung: "Ravallion and Lokshin use Morocco's national survey of living standards to measure the short-term welfare impacts of prior estimates of the price changes attributed to various trade policy reforms for cereals - the country's main foodstaple. They find small impacts on mean consumption and inequality in the aggregate. There are both gainers and losers and (contrary to past claims) the rural poor are worse off on average after trade policy reforms. The authors decompose the aggregate impact on inequality into a vertical component (between people at different pre-reform welfare levels) and a horizontal component (between people at the same pre-reform welfare level). There is a large horizontal component which dominates the vertical impact of full de-protection. The diverse impacts reflect a degree of observable heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with implications for social protection policies. This paper -a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the distributional impact of economywide policy reforms"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3434
    Paralleltitel: Wang, Yanling North-South technology diffusion, regional integration, and the dynamics of the "natural trading partners" hypothesis
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Industrial productivity ; International economic relations ; Free trade ; Industrial productivity ; International economic relations
    Kurzfassung: "Based on static analysis, a number of studies argue that forming a regional trade agreement is more likely to raise welfare if member countries are "natural trading partners," while other studies claim that the opposite is true. Schiff and Wang look at the argument from a dynamic viewpoint by examining the impact of North-South trade on technology diffusion and total factor productivity (TFP) in the South. Specifically, it examines the impact on TFP in the Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Poland of trade with Japan, Canada plus the United States (North America) and the European Union. Using industry-level data, they find that (1) technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional: Korea benefits mainly from trade with Japan, Mexico with the United States, and Poland with the European Union; and (2) though these results suggest that the dynamic version of the "natural trading partners" hypothesis holds for all three countries, careful analysis shows that it holds for Korea and Mexico but not necessarily for Poland. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the dynamic effects of North-South regional trade blocs"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3192
    Paralleltitel: Calderán, César Greenfield foreign direct investment and mergers and acquisitions
    Schlagwort(e): Consolidation and merger of corporations ; Globalization ; Investments, Foreign ; Privatization ; Consolidation and merger of corporations ; Globalization ; Investments, Foreign ; Privatization
    Anmerkung: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3391
    Paralleltitel: Jensen, Jesper The impact of liberalizing barriers to foreign direct investment in services
    Schlagwort(e): World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Free trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Free trade ; Investments, Foreign
    Kurzfassung: "Jensen, Rutherford, and Tarr use a computable general equilibrium model of the Russian economy to assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), which encompasses improved market access, tariff reduction, and reduction of barriers against multinational service providers. They assume that foreign direct investment in business services is necessary for multinationals to compete well with Russian business service providers, but cross-border service provision is also present. The model incorporates productivity effects in both goods and services markets endogenously through a Dixit-Stiglitz framework. As a result, the estimated gains from WTO accession are much larger than would be obtained from a typical model with perfect competition. The ad valorem equivalent of barriers to foreign direct investment have been estimated based on detailed questionnaires completed by specialized research institutes in Russia. The authors estimate that Russia will gain about 7.2 percent of the value of Russian consumption in the medium run from WTO accession and up to 24 percent in the long run. They estimate that the largest gains to Russia will derive from liberalization of barriers against multinational service providers. Piecemeal and systematic sensitivity analysis shows that their results are robust. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of liberalization of barriers against foreign direct investment in services sectors"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3441
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard M Policies facilitating firm adjustment to globalization
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; International business enterprises ; Globalization ; International business enterprises
    Kurzfassung: "Hoekman and Javorcik focus on policies facilitating firm adjustment to globalization. They briefly review the effects of trade and investment liberalization on firms, focusing on within-industry effects. They postulate that governments' role in supporting the process is to (1) ensure that firms face "right" incentives to adjust, and (2) intervene in areas where market failures are present. Their main message is that while many policies could be adopted to address market failures, they need to be carefully designed and implemented in a stable macroeconomic environment. An institutional infrastructure that supports the functioning of modern markets is most important. Proactive support policies of whatever stripe should be subject to cost-benefit analysis, based on the existence of an identified market failure, and monitored for performance and cost effectiveness. Transparency and accountability are critical in ensuring that interventions accomplish their intended objectives rather than being vehicles for rent seeking. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the effects of globalization on developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/29/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3457
    Paralleltitel: Agapitova, Natalia Creating a 21st century national innovation system for a 21st century Latvian economy
    Schlagwort(e): Competition ; Globalization ; Knowledge management ; Competition ; Globalization ; Knowledge management
    Kurzfassung: "The Latvian economy made great strides in recovering from the economic shock of the early transition and the adverse aftereffects of the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Nevertheless, Latvia faces serious challenges to its future growth and prosperity despite these impressive achievements and the outward appearance of macroeconomic stability and economic progress. A wide variety of recent studies suggest that the Latvian economy is not particularly competitive and, even more worrisome, they indicate that Latvia is not well positioned to gain ground in the race for global competitiveness, prosperity, and rising standards of living. Most of Latvia's growth to date has come from one-off gains generated by structural reforms, privatization, and reallocating resources, not inexhaustible reservoirs of growth. Latvian enterprises will be able to sustain economic growth and create high wage jobs only by becoming internationally competitive, innovating, accumulating new knowledge and technology, and finding a high value added niche in the European and global division of labor. This paper is designed to help Latvian leaders develop a clear diagnosis of the innovation and competitiveness challenges facing Latvia as it prepares to enter the EU and, more important, design and implement policies and programs to ensure that Latvia reaps the maximum possible benefits from EU structural funds. Section II analyzes the current structure of Latvia's production, imports, and exports. Section III uses data from a number of competitiveness reports to benchmark Latvia's current progress against a number of comparator countries and to pinpoint Latvia's strengths and weaknesses as an innovative economy. Section IV offers a detailed list of potential policies and programs that could improve the competitiveness of Latvian enterprises and the efficiency of the Latvian National Innovation System. The recommendations include specific policies and programs to improve (1) the production of knowledge in Latvia, (2) the commercialization of technology produced by Latvian scientists, small companies, and research institutes, and (3) local firms' capacity to absorb, adapt, and adopt existing knowledge produced outside Latvia for use inside Latvia. This paper--a product of the Private and Financial Sectors Development Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to promote the knowledge economy"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3189
    Paralleltitel: Vodopivec, Milan Do market pressures induce economic efficiency?
    Schlagwort(e): Competition ; Free trade ; Industrial efficiency ; Industries ; Competition ; Free trade ; Industrial efficiency ; Industries
    Anmerkung: "January 15, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 16, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3193
    Paralleltitel: Konan, Denise Eby Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Service industries Privatization ; Service industries ; Free trade ; Service industries Privatization ; Service industries
    Anmerkung: "January 16, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 20, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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