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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821386859 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821389034 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821386859
    Edition: ISBN 9780821389034 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.260951
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821396346 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821397237 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821396346
    Edition: ISBN 9780821397237 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 305.5/5098
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9780821395646 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821395653 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821395646
    Edition: ISBN 9780821395653 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.2310951
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821396568 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821397084 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821396568
    Edition: ISBN 9780821397084 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 305.5/12091724
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9780821395103 , 9780821395110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.5
    Keywords: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.67/22
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationale for green infrastructure finance frameworkEconomic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The 2012 edition of The Little Green Data Book introduces new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Abstract: 'The Little Data Book on External Debt' provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of 'Global Development Finance 2012, Summary and Country Tables', it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9780821395479 , 9780821395486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.7
    Keywords: Business cycles Social aspects ; Child welfare Economic aspects ; Children Social conditions ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Youth Social conditions ; Business cycles Social aspects ; Child welfare Economic aspects ; Children Social conditions ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Youth Social conditions ; Business cycles ; Child welfare ; Children ; Financial crises ; Youth
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9780821395370 , 9780821395424
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.70966
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business ; Africa, West ; Africa, West Economic conditions 1960- ; Africa, West Economic conditions 1960-
    Description / Table of Contents: Outline: Characteristics of informal businesses in West AfricaInstitutional, regulatory and socio-cultural environment -- Costs and benefits of informality: productivity, living standards, and tax revenue -- Main conclusions and recommendations -- Chapter 1. The informal sector in West Africa: definition -- Chapter 2. Data sources and methods -- Chapter 3. The informal sector in west Africa: overview of economic significance and welfare effects -- Chapter 4. Large informal firms in West Africa -- Chapter 5. Characteristics of the informal sector: findings from our surveys -- Chapter 6. The institutional environment of the informal sector in West Africa -- Chapter 7. Informality and productivity -- Chapter 8. Informal trading networks in West Africa: the Mourides of Senegal/Gambia and the Yoruba of Benin/Nigeria -- Chapter 9. Government policies, smuggling and the informal sector.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9780821396506 , 9780821397060
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: The urban development series
    DDC: 307.3/416
    Keywords: City planning ; Cultural property Economic aspects ; Historic sites Economic aspects ; Urban economics ; Urban renewal ; City planning ; Cultural property Economic aspects ; Historic sites Economic aspects ; Urban economics ; Urban renewal ; City planning ; Cultural property ; Historic sites ; Urban economics ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; Urban renewal
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 0821386875 , 9780821386873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 423 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development forum series
    DDC: 331.1098
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographic references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821395033 , 9780821395035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 194 p) , col. ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global financial development report 2013
    Keywords: Banks and banking Government policy ; Economic policy ; Finance Government policy ; Institutional economics ; State, The ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Economic policy ; Finance Government policy ; Institutional economics ; State, The
    Abstract: Global Financial Development Report 2013 is the first in a new World Bank series. It provides a unique contribution to financial sector policy debates, building on novel data, surveys, research, and wide-ranging country experience, with emphasis on emerging-market and developing economies. The global financial crisis has challenged conventional thinking on financial sector policies. Launched on the fourth anniversary of the Lehman Brothers collapse-a turning point in the crisis-this volume re-examines a basic question: what is the proper role of the state in financial development? To address the question, this report synthesizes new and existing evidence on the state's performance as financial sector regulator, overseer, promoter, and owner. It calls on state agencies to provide strong regulation and supervision and ensure healthy competition in the sector, and to support financial infrastructure, such as the quality and availability of credit information. It also warns that direct interventions-such as lending by state-owned banks, used in many countries to counteract the crisis-may end up being harmful. The report also tracks financial systems in more than 200 economies before and during the global financial crisis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-194)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9780821397954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Youth employment issues are a major concern for many countries because they have negative effects on the welfare of young people, and may also adversely affect economic performance and social stability. This is the first Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluation of the World Bank Group’s support to countries trying to address youth employment issues. The World Bank lending portfolio for youth employment is relatively small, although components of programs appear in 57 countries. Most projects include interventions in skills development and school-to-work transition. Half of the projects include interventions to foster job creation and work opportunities for youth. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has a broad approach to job creation. Between FY01and FY11, youth employment was not specifically targeted, except in the Middle East and North Africa region and in a small number of other interventions. IFC invested
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9780821394991 , 9780821395004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 387.1/640967
    Keywords: Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389621 , 9780821389638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 256 p) , ill., maps (some col.) , 23 cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Urban development
    DDC: 307.760973
    Keywords: City planning Environmental aspects ; Climatic changes Social aspects ; Environmental risk assessment ; Natural disasters Social aspects ; Risk assessment ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban policy ; City planning Environmental aspects ; Climatic changes Social aspects ; Environmental risk assessment ; Natural disasters Social aspects ; Risk assessment ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Climatic changes ; Environmental risk assessment ; Environmental aspects ; Social aspects ; Natural disasters ; Risk assessment ; Social aspects ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban policy
    Note: "The report was prepared by a Bank team comprised of Eric Dickson ... [et al.] , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9780821397268 , 9780821397299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 337.1/56
    Keywords: Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    ISBN: 0821396153 , 9780821396155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 270 p) , ill, col. charts , 28 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Doing business 2013
    Keywords: Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation ; Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation
    Abstract: Tenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2013 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, closing a business, and employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2012, ranks economies on their overall "ease of doing business", and analyzes reforms to business regulation -- identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the global Doing Business report. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception. This year's report includes two new economies: Barbados and Malta
    Note: Cover: 'Comparing business regulations for domestic firms in 185 countries, 10th edition
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9780821394656 , 9780821394663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.95496
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Nepal ; Nepal ; Nepal Economic conditions ; Nepal Economic policy ; Nepal Economic conditions ; Nepal Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.109667
    Keywords: Health Policy ; Regional Health Planning economics ; Regional Health Planning organization & administration ; Health Policy ; Regional Health Planning ; Regional Health Planning
    Description / Table of Contents: Literature review on decentralizationRegulatory and policy framework on decentralization in Ghana -- Rapid assessment of local capacity and challenges -- Analysis of regional resource allocation -- Main challenges and policy options.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9780821396186 , 9780821396193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.10954
    Keywords: Delivery of Health Care economics ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs economics ; National Health Programs organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; National Health Programs
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the context : the development of health insurance in IndiaResults and cross-cutting issues -- Addressing GSHIS operational challenges -- Pragmatic pathways to universal coverage.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.70956
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821394517 , 0821395238 , 9780821394519 , 9780821395233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 169 p) , col. ill
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    Keywords: Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor
    Note: Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389683 , 9780821394618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 361.6
    Keywords: Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty ; Public works ; Government policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821397763 , 9780821397770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 614.5/99392
    Keywords: HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections Statistics prevention & control ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology ; World Health Statistics ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodologyUkraine case study -- Pakistan case study -- Thailand case study -- Kenya case study -- Policy perspectives.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821396698 , 9780821396704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: MENA development reports
    DDC: 337.1/174927
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Arab countries ; Arab countries ; Arab countries ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Arab countries Commerce ; Arab countries Commercial policy ; Arab countries Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Economic policy ; Arab countries Commerce ; Arab countries Commercial policy ; Arab countries Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Economic policy
    Note: "A Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Report for the Deauville Partnership , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9780821398029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation is about the nature and magnitude of the cost savings and other benefits of business license simplification in one of the central districts of Lima, Peru. IEG asked whether the project’s license simplification reform reduced costs and operating procedures and whether it increased business registration. The project was implemented from 2005 to 2007. Two evaluations done in 2007 and 2008-11 examined, respectively, whether the project led to reductions in time and procedures and whether it led to improved business outcomes. This evaluation reviewed both of those, collected additional data, and drew lessons for future operations. The evidence points to significant reductions in time, monetary costs, and business procedures for businesses that registered to obtain licenses. However, the greater formality of the business environment did not improve the enterprises’ access to financing, facilitate investment, or remove invisible barriers to business growth. These results have policy implications for formal business environments. Although there were not large positive effects for enterprise outcomes, enterprise owners and society overall gained through owners spending less time away from their firms to certify and register their firms. Such projects are sometimes promoted as a way to foster dynamic businesses, but the evidence in this report suggests that the more mundane time and cost savings are a significant part of the benefits. These results offer the promise of sharpening the understanding of the circumstances under which reforms may be viewed as a growth engine for a society; they also enable IFC to provide a more focused understanding of reasonable expectations for such projects. Based on these findings, IEG’s evaluation offers several recommendations about follow-up evaluations, investment in data collection, and developing a base of evidence to aid in setting expectations for projects
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    ISBN: 0821397052 , 0821397079 , 9780821397053 , 9780821397077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 109 p) , ill
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Investment climate in health series
    Uniform Title: Étude sur le secteur privé de la santé en République du Congo. 〈engl.〉
    Keywords: Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Private Sector ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Private Sector
    Abstract: This country assessment is part of a set of studies planned in order to provide a better understanding of how to improve the business environment in which the private sector operates in Congo and other African countries. The assessment was conducted in order to establish a baseline of information, to help with political decision-making and provide market information. The private health sector assessment in the Republic of Congo provides a diagnosis of the nature and the effectiveness of the interface between the public and private sectors, establishes a dialogue on policy with stakeholders, and makes recommendations for reform that would bolster public and private involvement. The methodology is based on a supply and demand approach to identify market, policy and institutional barriers, and options for reducing these barriers by changing policies and initiatives. The information pertaining to demand reveals how users perceive private providers and their potential. The information pertaining to supply gives a better understanding of the role that private providers play and the challenges they encounter. The institutional information shows how Congo's institutions have facilitated or hampered the private participation. The study methodology includes the following aspects: (i) presentation of the general context of the private health sector in Congo, (ii) multidimensional analysis of demand, (iii) multidimensional analysis of supply, and (iv) analysis of institutional context. Options for action presented in this report include (i) policy and governance initiatives, (ii) regulatory initiatives, (iii) incentive initiatives, and (iv) concrete measures for public-private partnerships (PPP) in the health sector
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821397796 , 9780821397794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 90 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Community health services Finance ; Non-governmental organizations ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Community health services Finance ; Non-governmental organizations ; AIDS (Disease) ; Community health services ; Non-governmental organizations ; Prevention ; Finance ; Finance
    Abstract: In the past decade the global financial assistance for AIDS responses increased tremendously and the donor community provided greater resources to community responses. Yet little is known about the global magnitude of these resources and their allocation among HIV and AIDS activities and services. To address this knowledge gap, this report pulls together evidence from several different sources (donor data bases, surveys of civil society organizations, country funding profiles) to determine, among other things, how funds are reaching civil society and community-based organizations, how these funds are being used, and the degree to which these organizations rely on other sources of funding --
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMethodology -- Terminology and Organization of the Report -- Note -- References -- Main Results -- Trends in Donor Funding -- Rationale for Civil Society Involvement in the AIDS Response -- Institutional Design of the Community Response -- Flow of Funds from Donors -- Country Funding Profiles -- International HIV/AIDS Alliance Survey of CSOs -- CADRE-OSISA Survey.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821388570 , 9780821388679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.9624
    Keywords: Education Evaluation ; Education Evaluation ; Education
    Note: "His report was prepared by the World Bank and the Government of National Unity (GoNU) of the Republic of Sudan"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821386842 , 9780821389447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    Keywords: Agricultural innovations Economic aspects ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Rural development ; Agricultural innovations Economic aspects ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Rural development ; Agricultural innovations ; Agriculture ; Rural development ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389584 , 9780821389843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.7/61610963
    Keywords: Health Manpower Statistics ; Health Resources Statistics ; Maternal Health Services Statistics ; National Health Programs Statistics ; Health Manpower ; Health Resources ; Maternal Health Services ; National Health Programs
    Description / Table of Contents: The number problemPublic/private distribution of HRH -- Analyzing the geographic distribution of HRH -- Analyzing and explaining performance -- Impact of HRH problems on use of key services -- Reflecting on policy implications.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821387566 , 9780821387573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 368.38/2
    Keywords: Health insurance Government policy ; Health insurance Law and legislation ; Health insurance Government policy ; Health insurance Law and legislation ; Government Regulation ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health legislation & jurisprudence ; Private Sector ; Risk Factors ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Government Regulation ; Government policy ; Law and legislation ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health ; Private Sector ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Risk Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: BackgroundOverview of private health insurance -- Scope of regulation -- Prudential regulation -- Consumer protection standards.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821396230 , 9780821396261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific regional report
    Uniform Title: World development report.
    DDC: 323.3/4095
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women ; Sex discrimination against women ; Women in development ; Women in development ; Women's rights ; Women's rights ; Sex discrimination against women ; Sex discrimination against women ; Women in development ; Women in development ; Women's rights ; Women's rights ; Sex discrimination against women ; Sex discrimination against women ; Women in development ; Women in development ; Women's rights ; Women's rights
    Abstract: "Examines the relationship between gender equality and development and outlines an agenda for public action to promote more effective and inclusive development in East Asian and Pacific countries. Written as a companion to the World Development Report 2012 on gender equality and development, the report finds that promoting gender equality contributes to higher productivity, income growth, and poverty reduction; improves the opportunities and outcomes for the next generation; and enhances the quality of development policymaking. It contributes to the understanding of gender and development policymaking in several important ways. First, the report presents new data and evidence that significantly strengthen the empirical basis for policymaking on gender and development in the region. Second, the report provides new analysis of the gender dimensions and policy implications of several global trends that are particularly important in the region, including increasing economic integration, rapid adoption of new information and communication technologies, rising domestic and international migration flows, rapid urbanization, and population aging"--Provided by publisher
    Description / Table of Contents: The state of gender equality in East Asia and the PacificGender and endowments : access to human capital and productive assets -- Gender and economic opportunity -- Agency : strength of voice and influence -- Gender and the region's emerging development challenges -- Promoting gender equality in East Asia and the Pacific : directions for policy.
    Note: "A companion to the World development report , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 36
    ISBN: 0821389912 , 9780821389911 , 9780821395875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 221 p) , col. ill , 28 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 folded leaf
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Information and communications for development 2012
    Keywords: Cell phone systems Economic aspects ; Cell phone systems Social aspects ; Cell phones Economic aspects ; Cell phones Social aspects ; Information technology Economic aspects ; Information technology Social aspects ; Telecommunication Economic aspects ; Telecommunication Social aspects ; Cell phone systems Economic aspects ; Cell phone systems Social aspects ; Cell phones Economic aspects ; Cell phones Social aspects ; Information technology Economic aspects ; Information technology Social aspects ; Telecommunication Economic aspects ; Telecommunication Social aspects
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Executive summary / Tim Kelly and Michael MingesCh. 1. Overview / Michael Minges -- Ch. 2. Mobilizing the agricultural value chain / Naomi J. Halewood and Priya Surya -- Ch. 3. mHealth / Micolas Friederici, CAol Hullin, and Masatake Yamamichi -- Ch. 4. Mobile money for financial inclusion / Kevin Donovan -- Ch. 5. Mobile entrepreneurship and employment / Maja Andjelkovic and Saori Imaizumi -- Ch. 6. Making government mobile / Siddhartha Raja . . . [et al.] -- Ch. 7. Policies for mobile broadband / Victor Mulas -- Part II. Key trends in the development of the mobile sector / Michael Minges.
    Note: "This report ... was researched and written jointly by the ICT Sector Unit and by infoDev, a global partnership program of the World Bank Group"--P. xiii , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821382561 , 9780821389904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development ; Economic development projects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821397749 , 9780821397756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 614.5/99392
    Keywords: HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections Statistics prevention & control ; Human Rights Statistics ; Sex Workers Statistics ; World Health Statistics ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Human Rights ; Sex Workers ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Review of the epidemiology of HIV among sex workersCountry case studies on sex work and HIV prevention -- HIV prevention interventions for sex workers : modeling the impacts -- Cost-effectiveness analyses -- Modeling violence and HIV among sex workers -- Sex worker leadership in responding to HIV and promoting human rights.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821397886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2013 is a continuation of the World Bank’s publications Global Development Finance, Volume II (1997 through 2009) and the earlier World Debt Tables (1973 through 1996). IDS 2013 provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2013 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2011 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2013 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensible resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821397540 , 9780821397541 , 9780821397558
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 227 p) , 22 x 11 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics Government policy ; Financial institutions Statistics State supervision ; International finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics Government policy ; Financial institutions Statistics State supervision ; International finance Statistics ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; International finance
    Abstract: A pocket edition of the Global Financial Development Database, published as part of the work on the Global Financial Development Report 2013: Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance. It contains 38 indicators of financial development in 205 economies, including measures of (1) financial depth, (2) access, (3) efficiency, and (4) stability of financial institutions and markets
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821397374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: The World Bank Annual Report 2012 was prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the report, along with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: There are three main messages running throughout this report. First, Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) can impose large health, financial and economic costs on countries. This is particularly important in the Pacific where Government already finances, and provides, the bulk of health services. Second, risk factors in the Pacific are feeding a pipeline of potentially expensive to treat NCDs, including diabetes and heart disease, but governments are already fiscally constrained in how much more they can provide to the health system. Third, from public health and public finance perspective, many of the NCDs are avoidable, or their health and financial costs can at least be postponed, through good primary and secondary prevention. This will require a more coherent approach to health system financing, and health system operations more generally
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report shows how business registers employ information and communication technology (ICT) to perform their functions more efficiently while at the same time providing businesses with more user-friendly services. Particular attention is paid to achieving innovative solutions, that is, solutions using ICT as a catalyst for re-engineering the registration process to improve users experiences and to provide useful services and high-quality information for both the private and the public sectors. In addition, this analysis demonstrates that business registers play an increasingly important part in e-Government solutions. Aimed at integrating services, e-Government solutions build on information sharing. This underscores the importance of business registers as master data sources. This analysis is based on data from the following sources: a 2011 survey of 41 business registers conducted by the Bronnoysund register centre in cooperation with the World Bank Group; case studies undertaken in 2011 in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Italy, Vietnam, and Norway; the 2011 World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) doing business report; the 2011 World Bank Group study of ICT solutions in 34 company registers; the 2011 European commerce registers forum report; and the International Council On Archives (CIA) factbook
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: There is global interest in promoting mitigation and adaptation in agriculture, forest, and other land-use (AFOLU) sectors to address the twin goals of climate change and sustainable development. This guideline deals with how to enhance carbon stocks in general in all land-based projects and its specific relationship with agriculture productivity. It outlines specific steps and procedures that need to be followed by project proponents and managers of land-based projects to enhance carbon stocks synergistically with increasing crop productivity. This guideline for carbon stock enhancement or CO2 emission reduction in agriculture and natural resource management (NRM) projects covering all land-use sectors presents two approaches. The first approach is a generic one covering all the land categories and interventions aimed at promoting the economic benefits (crop, timber, and non-timber wood product production, and employment or livelihood generation) and environmental benefits (soil and water conservation, land reclamation, and biodiversity protection) of a project, synergistically optimizing carbon stock enhancement as a co-benefit. The second approach provides guidelines for project developers to maximize project C-benefits along with promoting high-value cropping systems and production practices appropriate for a given agro-ecological region as well as to meet the needs of the local stakeholders, such as farmers or landless laborers. An illustration of the two approaches is presented at the end of the executive summary. The guidelines provide methods for selection and incorporation of carbon stock enhancement modules and practices along with methods for estimation and monitoring of carbon stock changes as well as assessment of social and economic implications of carbon enhancement (C-enhancement) interventions
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In early 2010, Zimbabwe's Minister of Public Service requested Bank support for a public administration review to provide analytical support and technical assistance to identify the key issues to restore the quality of public administration in Zimbabwe. This policy note presents an initial framing of recent public administration reform experiences and lessons learned in Zimbabwe and set the agenda for future client engagement with a view to present reform options. It has the following objectives: first, it intends to situate and analyze the current progress made and challenges facing the Zimbabwe public service in its wider and rapidly changing - economic and political context. Second, it aims at presenting the Bank's engagement in this area over the last three years and to synthesize what has been learned. Third, it identifies reform options given the current context and gives possible future entry-points. It mainly aims at providing an initial basis for client-engagement to reach a broad consensus on reform and the potential areas of Bank support. This note is structured into five chapters as follows: chapter one presents the introduction to this paper and the country context in Zimbabwe. Chapter two frames the role of the public administration in economic and social recovery and presents progress made and challenges in public administration reform. Chapter three discusses recent Bank support in key public sector management areas. Chapter four presents lessons learned by the Bank team throughout its recent engagement. Chapter five evaluates the reform space, options, priorities, and entry points
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Kosovo is a small and young state that gained an interim United Nations (UN)-administered status in the wake of the Dayton peace accord only in 1999; it declared independence in 2008. Compared to neighboring countries, it is still lacking in its basic infrastructure and its administrative and technical skills. In addition, with the onset of the War in Yugoslavia in 1992 most investment and normal maintenance came to a standstill. Much of the publicly owned infrastructure fell into disrepair or was vandalized, but private investments led to a construction boom which, however, is leading to many environmental problems. The government is committed to reconstruction and to the development of a peaceful state. It also intends to align with EU policies. Thus, the study has the specific objectives to: (i) assist the government to improve its river basin planning and management by providing (for demonstration purposes) a replicable tool and simulation model for integrated river basin planning and management; and (ii) support the government in its identification of priority measures of structural and non-structural nature to help strengthen the water resources sector performance. The source(s) for the financing of the identified projects will need to be identified further by the Government as the World Bank has not committed to involvement in the sector
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Early childhood development programs are particularly beneficial to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Effective investments in this area have the potential to reduce inequalities perpetuated by poverty, poor nutrition, and restricted learning opportunities. This report explores the gaps in early education and care experienced by Roma children between the ages of 3 and 6 in Eastern Europe, and looks at measures to close those gaps. Many Roma children lack a strong early learning and care support mechanism at home. The vast majority of Roma children grow up in poverty and many regularly go hungry. Their parents have minimal levels of education. This creates multiple disadvantages from malnutrition to limited early learning stimulation. The report points to four main policy measures to increase pre-school enrollment and improve early learning at home: (1) better inform parents on the benefits of preschool for children's later life outcomes; (2) promote inclusive pre-schools by reaching out to parents and by involving them more directly in pre-school with the help of Roma teaching assistants; (3) remove cost barriers possibly coupled with regular attendance subsidies. In addition: (4) support parenting at home. These conclusions follow from the finding that the vast majority of Roma parents wish their children to complete secondary education, but that many also stated a desire to raise children at home in their early years when asked why they did not enroll their children in preschool. The report also calls for systematic piloting with variations of different programs, and implementing randomized impact evaluations. Findings from impact evaluations can build public support for scale-up of proven programs. Finally, the report points out that ensuring that poor Roma and non-Roma children alike receive an equal start in life by investing in early childhood development is essential to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and is also smart economics
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Though well-established in the commercial sector, the use of market-based price risk management is not widespread in the public sector, particularly by sovereigns. Recent volatility in energy and food prices, however, has awakened the interest of some governments to learn more about how they can either use these tools, or foster supportive environment where these tools can be used by local supply chain actors. Equally important is ensuring that non-price related risks are isolated, monitored, and managed independent of direct price exposure. This note reviews lessons learned from recent efforts to advance risk management strategies in countries vulnerable to food and energy price shocks. It focuses specifically on the use of market-based risk management approaches and use by sovereigns. For governments concerned about the risk of food price shocks, the fiscal impact is equally complicated as governments may be concerned about the impact of rising food prices on consumers, the need to finance, and potentially supply, subsidies or social safety nets for vulnerable populations or, in extreme cases, humanitarian operations. In both cases, the costs of budget uncertainty and the need to finance responses in the event of a shock can be significant. Finally, though not typically used to manage specific intra-annual or intra-seasonal price exposures, commodity-linked loans or bonds can also be used to manage exposure to price shocks on a more macro level
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2012, the Mexican Presidency of the G20 introduced inclusive green growth as a cross-cutting priority on the G20 development agenda. The second meeting of the G20 Development Working Group (DWG), hosted by the Government of the Republic of Korea, took place in Seoul the 19th and 20th of March 2012. As agreed during the first DWG meeting, this second meeting focused on the priorities for their presidency in the first half of 2012: infrastructure, food security and inclusive green growth (IGG). At its Seoul meeting, the DWG also agreed that IGG co-facilitators and relevant international organizations (IOs) should work together in 2012 to develop a nonprescriptive good practices guide/toolkit on enabling national policy frameworks for inclusive green growth to support countries who voluntarily wish to design and implement affordable and inclusive green growth policies, with the aim of achieving sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The toolkit is organized as follows. First, the necessity of applying the different tools in the context of a broad inclusive green growth strategy is stressed, and a harmonized framework combining approaches and tools identified by all four IOs is set forth. Second, the document offers an overview of key tools that can be mobilized to implement an inclusive green growth strategy. Quick technical descriptions of these tools are offered along with suggested sources for further details. Finally, capacity building and knowledge sharing initiatives are presented, with the Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) highlighted as a powerful collaborative tool to advance policies for inclusive green economies
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report examines how green growth and sustainable development policies can be incorporated into structural reform agendas. Indeed, as demonstrated in the report, many of these policies are closely linked and synergistic with the framework policies applied by G20 governments in their efforts to pursue strong and sustainable growth. The report, has been prepared in response to the request from G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in their communication of 25-26 February 2012 that asked the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), with the World Bank and the United Nation (UN), to prepare a report that provides options for G20 countries on inserting green growth and sustainable development policies into structural reform agendas, tailored to specific country conditions and level of development. The report will be an input to the G-20 leader's summit in Los Cabos and provides a toolkit of policy options from which countries may draw-upon when designing their own green growth strategies. The G20 development working group has also tasked the International Organizations with the development of a non-prescriptive toolkit of policy options to support inclusive green growth in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication in developing countries
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Rising losses from adverse natural events are compelling leaders of countries to develop more proactive approaches to risk management. In 2011 the world witnessed record losses from disasters caused by natural hazards with estimated costs of up to US
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report uses a theoretical model of a typical drainage basin, but the approach could be applied to many of the drainage basins managed by the holding company for water and wastewater in Egypt. This study set out to assess the relative health impacts of different wastewater management strategies on health in the Nile delta region using an approach similar to that used in the Ghana. The ultimate objective was to develop a framework for long-term investment planning based on monitoring of health and productivity impacts of proposed Bank operations which could be included in project Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems. This will equip task teams to assess the risks and opportunities which arise due to the proposed shift from on-site to networked sanitation in four governorates where the Bank has wastewater operations. A secondary objective was to assess the extent to which existing legislation supports health riskbased planning. The conclusions of the study provide an indication of how such methods could increasingly be used to enable the selection of cost-effective and appropriate wastewater management strategies
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note is a preliminary effort to present a body of knowledge on the state of disaster risk financing and insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to contribute to a strengthened understanding and collective knowledge within Sub-Saharan Africa on disaster risk financing and insurance, and to encourage open dialogue between stakeholders on how strategies can best be developed to increase financial resilience against natural disasters. The report is targeted at policy-makers and actors in the international community with an interest in this agenda. In the context of this report, disaster risk financing and insurance refers to instruments and mechanisms at the macro, market and micro level that provide financial resources to assist with response and recovery efforts in the aftermath of a disaster. This report focuses on natural disasters, which we can describe as unforeseen events driven by natural phenomena that cause serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic and/or environmental losses which overwhelm the capacity of the affected community or society. This report discusses rapid onset disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes and floods but also slow onset events such as drought. Sub-Saharan African countries are highly exposed to a wide range of adverse natural events, with hydro-meteorological hazards impacting the largest number of people. Disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) has been highlighted by the African union, regional economic communities and individual countries as an area for regional financial cooperation
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Public Investment Management (PIM) efficiency review is intended to support the Government of Zimbabwe, and in particular the Ministry of Finance, in its efforts to strengthen the efficiency of the public investment system, with the goal of improving the creation, operation and maintenance of public sector capital assets that support service delivery and economic growth. The problems of public investment management are not merely financial but systemic. Budget execution deficit remains a major bottleneck. Due to large backlogs across sectors, capital budget allocation has prioritized completion and rehabilitation of on-going and stalled projects and programs. Currently, public investment projects are mainly financed by the national budget. Regulatory frameworks for public-private partnerships are in place, but sluggish recovery from the private sector has not made it a notable source of financing for capital projects. Foreign loans and grants, and humanitarian aid from donors are not channeled through the official budget. This report is intended to provide the basis for a follow-on discussion with government on possible options and approaches to addressing the identified problems, focusing on those which are the most critical to Zimbabwe's economic recovery and long term development. It is complementary to the action plan, also developed by the team for consideration by the Government of Zimbabwe, which suggests a list of reform actions over the immediate to medium-term to strengthen the regulatory framework and build capacity across central and implementing agencies. The objective of the policy note is to support the Government of Zimbabwe to strengthen the efficiency of PIM system, with an ultimate goal of contributing to improved governance, service delivery, and economic growth. The study will inform a reform and capacity strengthening action plan with the Government as well as subsequent Bank's proposed technical assistance program to strengthen the PIM
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippine economy grew slower than expected at 3.7 percent in 2011, held back by weak public spending and external demand. In the fourth quarter (Q4), growth slightly improved at 3.7 percent. As in past quarters, growth was driven by remittance-fueled household consumption, which grew by 6.7 percent. The government's disbursement acceleration plan was partially successful and contributed 1.3 percentage points (ppt) to gross domestic product, or GDP growth in Q4, up from 0.3 ppt in Q3, but this was not enough to push growth up to the targeted level of around five percent. On the production side, the services sector, including the fast-growing business process outsourcing (BPO) industry, continued to drive growth. Industry, in particular exports manufacturing, was buffeted by weaker demand, while agriculture suffered from typhoon damages, highlighting the need to improve disaster and risk management. The country is benefiting from strong macroeconomic fundamentals, political stability, and a popular government that is seen by many as committed to improving governance and reducing poverty. Several reforms have successfully started, notably in public financial management. However, the window of opportunity is narrowing given elections in 2013 and 2016 and the historical difficulty of moving forward with reforms when the campaign period kicks in. Now is the time to implement the reforms needs to accelerate growth, create jobs, and reduce poverty
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this report is two-fold. First, it is to raise awareness of the health and economic damages of industrial air pollution in key oblasts and to develop long-term options of improving industrial competitiveness. The second objective is to synthesize the results of a pilot benchmarking exercise of selected industries on natural resource and energy efficiency improvements, cleaner production and identify options for cleaner and greener industrial production in Kazakhstan. The report is structured as follows. Section two motivates the cleaner production topic by providing some estimates of the health impacts and economic costs of air pollution in Kazakhstan. Air pollution is selected because of data availability, but also because it is one of Kazakhstan's major environmental priorities. Section three provides a discussion of the current regulatory framework that industry faces as well as its limitations. Section four reviews the results from the pilot benchmarking exercise among selected industrial firms that were subject to 'quick-scans' for efficiency and pollution reduction improvements. Section five gives some examples how businesses have responded to environmental norms and section six reviews the major constraints faced by industry in environmental compliance and clean technology adoption. Finally, section seven provides some concrete recommendations in areas that both government and industry can pursue in achieving greater environmental compliance and clean technology adoption
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Early in the year, as the global economy was slowing and the euro area entered a recession, Russia's economy held steady. But now, as 2012 is entering its final quarter, growth is slowing. Just at a time when Russia's output levels have exceeded the pre-crisis peak, the economy is settling onto a lower trajectory, even though oil prices have stayed high. But let us start with the strong points. The economy had a good first half of the year. While growth was stalling in Europe and slowing in other emerging economies, it remained steady in Russia. Key economic indicators were near or at record levels: the current account surplus stayed high and the Central Bank of Russia added to its reserves, helping to bolster market confidence. Capital outflows, long regarded as one of the soft spots of Russia's economy, declined in the second and third quarters of 2012 from the peaks in the previous two quarters. Whereas many countries in Europe are struggling with large public debt and high fiscal deficits, Russia's federal government public debt is close to single digit and the fiscal balance is in surplus. Inflation and unemployment rates declined to their lowest level in two decades. As people's purchasing power improved and more people had jobs, fewer people were in poverty than at any time since the beginning of the economic transition. A challenging external environment and worsening sentiments among businesses and consumers translate into weak growth prospects. Excluding the crisis years of 1998 and 2009, growth in 2012 is set to decline to its lowest rate in a decade and a half. And 2013 is unlikely to look much better. The weak outlook means that strong, three-pronged policy action is essential to reinvigorate the economy. First, economic policies have to ensure stability. The recent tightening in monetary policy was an important step in this direction. Second, Russia has to build buffers against the external volatility. This means replenishing the reserve fund, moving towards inflation targeting and strengthening banking supervision. Finally, the government has to lift the growth potential of the economy. This means raising productivity and competitiveness, diversifying the economy, and improving transport connectivity, as discussed in the last section of this report, in line with its longer-term economic policy goals. Making headway on this agenda will enable Russia to lift growth above 4 percent and more
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Beras untuk Rakyat Mi ...
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Direct cash transfers for ...
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This is a first for Indonesia: Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is the only household-targeted social assistance initiative to have designed randomized impact evaluation into the initial allocation of the program. This brings three major benefits for policymakers: 1) the evidence available for evaluating the impacts of the PKH program on household welfare is extensive and sound; 2) the program design and the impact analysis design have generated additional excitement, both nationally and internationally, about the program, its goals and social assistance initiatives in general; and 3) the results and underlying data will be made publicly available, which has already spurred interest in additional evaluations that will stock the shelves of social assistance policy research libraries. PKH's success in delivering real benefits to the very poor and in changing behaviors deserves further support and encouragement. PKH's initial weaknesses in implementation and delivery deserve continuing attention and thoughtful solutions for greater effectiveness. The Government of Indonesia (GOI) plans on expanding the PKH program to as many as three million households; while it is doing so, it should continue to refine implementation, coordinate and collaborate with affiliated service providers in health, education, and local government services, and continue developing a corps of organized, enthusiastic, and skilled facilitators who can assist very poor households in achieving healthier behaviors
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2012, Kenya's economy has been on a tightrope. Policy makers have had to walk a fine line between stabilizing the economy and maintaining the growth momentum. While inflation has declined, the exchange rate stabilized, and the fiscal position improved, fundamental economic imbalances continue to make Kenya vulnerable to shocks. In the absence of economic and social turbulence, Kenya should grow at 5 percent in 2012 and 2013, which will still be substantially below its neighbors. Kenya has been benefitting from the integration and growth momentum in the East African Community (EAC), which has become one of the most vibrant economic regions in the world. However, despite impressive increases in trade between the five EAC partners in recent years, there is still a large untapped potential. EAC trade can increase several-fold if unnecessary restrictions in the trade of goods and services particularly nontariff barriers were removed
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Uganda had one of the best poverty reduction performances in the world since 1992, a result of a subtle structural transformation of household livelihood portfolios, rooted in strong growth of private wage and salary employment and non-farm household enterprises, and increased agricultural productivity among agricultural households. But depth and character of growth was not the same across Uganda. This triggered rising inequality throughout the country (within and between rural and urban and all regions) resulted in many households in the North and the East being left behind while the center pulled away. The evolution of spatial inequality is tightly linked to spatial differences in public and private investments, particularly in education - a legacy of inadequate public investments and conflict in the lagging regions. Addressing this inequality in growth is Uganda's shared growth challenge
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of this report is to examine and propose options for policy design and implementation, based on a situational analysis for six Eastern Caribbean countries and a review of the lessons of other nations in prevention and control. A committed partner of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) countries, the World Bank is responding to their needs to address the increasing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) burden by providing this report. This report analyzes the situation, reviews lessons learnt in other countries in the prevention and control of major NCDs, and proposes policy options to address the challenges. Specifically, this report aims to provide policy makers with an overview of the NCDs and key risk factors in the region and make inter-country comparisons; assess the economic impact of key NCDs and risk factors where data are available; outline policy options and cost effective interventions for controlling major NCDs that are common to the OECS countries; and provide input for developing a regional health strategy. In the belief that powerful information can drive strategic action, the report aims to: raise awareness of the reality and consequences of failure to take strong action; and identify priority actions that are realistic and tangible for policy makers in developing strategies and allocating resources
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In October 2010, the Government of Madhya Pradesh hosted, with World Bank technical advice, a Conference on higher education reform in the State. The Governor, the Chief Minister and the Minister of Higher Education all addressed the Conference and about 150 people attended the event. Subsequently, four regional Conclaves were organized, in which a total of more than 400 people participated, representing the leadership, administrators, faculty and students at universities and colleges across the State. This represents an impressive outreach to the sector stakeholders. This report is written on the cusp of the publication of the Government of India s 12th Five Year Plan. The indications are that the Government of India intends to push ahead with some significant reforms in the higher education sector. Of particular significance for this report is the emphasis, for the first time, on the need to support the improvement of State universities and colleges. The objective of this report is to provide policy makers in Madhya Pradesh with a menu of options for improving the equity, governance and financing of the higher education system in the State. Though the primary audience is policy makers, this report could serve as part of the continued dialogue with the higher education sector on the direction for reform
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Africa's growing demand for food has been met increasingly by imports from the global market. This, coupled with rising global food prices, brings ever-mounting food import bills. In addition, population growth and changing demand patterns will double demands over the next 10 years. Two key issues must be addressed: (a) establishing a consistent and stable policy environment for regional trade in fertilizers; and (b) investing in institutions that reduce the transaction costs of coordination failures. Many countries have enacted new fertilizer laws in recent years, but few have provided the resources to define and enforce regulations through standards and testing capacity. This report shows that reducing regulatory burdens on fertilizers and the consequent increase in use of fertilizers will have substantial impacts on returns to farmers, with consequent impacts on poverty. The report highlights the range of barriers to food trade in Africa along the entire value chain. The issues pertain to many ministries and agencies within government: trade, agricultural, health and safety, transport, and finance. This in turn requires a "whole of government' approach to freeing up food trade, which will require strong and effective leadership to articulate the rationale and sustain the momentum for reform. Leaders must also address the hard choices that will arise in dealing with the political economy constraints that have until now blocked the capacity of Africa to exploit its enormous potential to feed Africans
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Section one provides an economic update and assesses the challenges and near-term prospects facing the South African economy. In particular, it looks at the implications for South Africa of the resurgence of uncertainty in global financial markets, the surge in capital flows to safe-haven assets, the continuing Euro zone crisis, and signs of slowdown in some of the large emerging market economies. Section two focuses on inequality of opportunity in South Africa. For the first time, using innovative techniques, this section presents an analysis of the interlinked inequality of opportunities for children and for access to employment. Every society has a degree of inequality of outcomes that reflects differences in innate human capabilities, effort, education, experience, and skills. But a recognized goal for public policy is to ensure at least the equality of opportunity for every individual in a country. Many countries have used this new approach to develop targeted policies to promote such equality of opportunity and to monitor and evaluate the success of public programs
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This 2012 microcredit sector diagnostic review complements the 2011 review of the Banking sector and analyses the following five areas of consumer protection in microcredit: i) existing institutional arrangements, ii) consumer disclosure; iii) business practices; iv) dispute resolution mechanisms; v) and financial education programs. Bosnia and Herzegovina was the largest microfinance market in Europe and Central Asia until the 2008 global crisis prompted a rapid reversal. Authorities identified consumer protection in microfinance as high priority and introduced new regulatory provisions to stabilize the sector. This review analyzes the existing consumer protection framework and offers recommendations for further improvements. The Institutional Arrangements section covers the agencies responsible for implementing consumer protection, as well as industry and consumer associations. The section on Consumer Disclosure focuses on standard formats for price and product comparison, disclosure provisions, and basic rights of consumers. The Business Practices section covers unfair or abusive practices, standard consumer contract provisions, and industry Code of Conduct. The section on Dispute Resolution focuses on internal complaints mechanisms in financial institutions and out-of-court mechanisms. The section on Financial Education focuses on measures aimed at increasing consumer financial literacy and awareness
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The post-revolutionary economies of MENA - Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen - have been recovering after a period of growth decelerations in 2011. In Egypt and Tunisia, the growth dips of 2011 were less dramatic than the declines observed during previous transitions. The recovery has been relatively quick but the transition process is far from complete and uncertainty about the political and reform process remains a binding constraint to private investment. Consequently, post-transition growth is below potential and is lower than growth prior to the Arab Spring, with negative consequences for employment and poverty. Events in the post-revolution economies have affected other countries in MENA. Macroeconomic fundamentals weakened in most developing MENA countries in 2011-12 as growth slowed and governments responded to social pressures with expansionary fiscal policies. The regional growth outlook for 2013 reflects weaker expected global economic activity, especially in the EU, and moderating oil prices. Regional economic growth is expected to decelerate to 3.5% in 2013 from 5.5% in 2012. Prolonged political and policy uncertainty and social unrest are serious downside risks to the outlook
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Abstract: Following the world food ...
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.5/12091724
    Keywords: Civil society / Developing countries ; Social groups / Developing countries ; Social planning / Developing countries ; Social stratification / Developing countries ; Developing countries / Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Central America region is a small market. The region contains around 43 million inhabitants (0.6 percent of total world population) who generate around 0.25 percent of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). While the region has successfully embarked on a regional integration agenda and has strong commercial links with the US, extra-regional trade-mainly with large fast-growing emerging economies-remains a challenge. Export performance is analyzed along three dimensions that, together, give a fairly comprehensive picture of competitiveness: 1) the composition, orientation and growth of the export basket; 2) the degree of export diversification across products and markets; and 3) the level of sophistication and quality of their main exports. This analysis allows exports dynamics at the different margins of trade (intensive, extensive, and quality) to be evaluated and individual countries' to be benchmarked with peers in the Central American region. The results of this report allow policy makers to identify key areas to explore in the overall discussion of export competitiveness in the Central American region. This paper relates to the literature on challenges and opportunities that trade liberalization can bring to the Central American region. Much of the recent literature focuses on the role of the free trade agreement negotiated by Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, with the US
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The review provides a detailed assessment of the institutional policy and regulatory framework in two segments of the financial sector: banking and non-bank credit institutions. The mission took place in response to a specific request for technical assistance in the field of financial consumer protection made by the central bank, the Banco de Mozambique (BdM), in November 2011. As agreed with the BdM, the assessment has focused on bank and non-bank entities within Mozambique's financial sector that provide financial products and services to consumers, including microfinance, with a particular focus on credit reporting and on financial awareness. Volume one summarizes the key findings and recommendations of the review and volume two presents a detailed assessment of each financial segment compared to the good practices. Volume two also includes annexes that analyze and provide more detailed recommendations on credit reporting and financial education, and a description of the overall legal and institutional frameworks for financial consumer protection in Mozambique. The key findings and recommendations presented in this report cover six areas: institutional arrangements, legal and regulatory framework, disclosure, business practices, dispute resolution mechanisms, and financial education
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Afghanistan will experience a major security and development transition over the next three years. At the Kabul and Lisbon Conferences in 2010, NATO and the Afghan government agreed that full responsibility for security would be handed over to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) by the end of 2014. Development progress since 2001 has been mixed. Some major achievements have been recorded, such as rapid economic growth (with large fluctuations), relatively low inflation (after hyperinflation in the 1990s), better public financial management, and gains in basic health and education. Key social indicators, including life expectancy and maternal mortality, have improved markedly (admittedly from an extremely low base), and women are participating more in the economy. Yet in other respects, particularly governance and institution building, the country has fared less well, and many indicators have worsened in recent years. Afghanistan remains one of the world's least developed countries, with a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of only
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malaysian economy maintained a vigorous pace in the first nine months of 2012 despite external headwinds. Continuing a trend in the past two years, Malaysia's stronger-than-expected Gross Domestic Product, or GDP growth in the first nine months of 2012 was driven by rapid expansion of domestic demand while external demand (and export-oriented industries) stagnated due to continuing global uncertainty. Malaysia's low participation of women in labor markets is linked to a pattern whereby women do not return to work after marriage and childbearing. Education alone is not sufficient to close gender gaps as social norms and formal institutions continue to affect the choices of all women. In the long-term, norms need to evolve for gender gaps to be bridged; in the meantime measures can be put in place to help men and women balance responsibilities. Changing prevailing social norms takes time. In the medium-term, supportive measures at all stages of the life-cycle can be put in place, ranging from flexi-work arrangements and expanded childcare options, to incentives for more female participation in 'non-female' educational fields and job types. While current initiatives to leverage on women's talent are laudable, other policy options must be explored, evaluated, and tailored, to enable Malaysian women to fully contribute to Malaysia's transformation towards a high-income, inclusive and sustainable economy
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In recent years, Indonesia has made great strides in economic growth and development. This growth has been accompanied by rapid urbanization that has transformed Indonesian cities. Urbanization has the potential to boost national economic growth by facilitating the emergence of agglomeration and localization economies. Increasing urbanization presents Indonesia with an opportunity to leverage the transformation taking place to ensure that it is harnessed for economic growth and, more importantly, sustained improvements in the quality of life of its community members. Unfortunately, research shows that over the last four decades, Indonesia has not derived optimal returns on urban development, as can be seen by comparisons with the level of benefit derived by other Asian countries passing through similar processes of urbanization. Urbanization in Indonesia is driving the emergence of metropolitan areas whose boundaries stretch beyond the jurisdiction of administratively defined cities, creating an urgent need for mechanisms that optimize and coordinate development beyond the formal city unit. The purpose of this report on Indonesia's regional and urban development is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the country's spatial patterns of urbanization and economic development and to evaluate the extent to which Indonesia's urbanization has fostered increases in agglomeration economies and economic productivity growth. The study provides the analytical work to evaluate such performance and to identify key issues, constraints and opportunities for promoting faster and more inclusive growth. The overarching goal of the study is to provide a timely and rigorous analysis of regional and urban development in order to foster informed policy discussion at the central, provincial and local government levels
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Extreme fragile situations are now home to at least a quarter of the worlds people. In the worst cases, where fragility has given way to open violence - people are more than twice as likely to be malnourished, more than three times as likely to be unable to send their children to school, twice as likely to see their children die before age five, and more than twice as likely to lack clean water. It is unsurprising that not a single low-income country in these circumstances has been able to achieve even one Millennium Development Goal (World Bank 2011). In addition, many fragile situations generate spillover effects such as trafficking in illegal goods and persons, and corruption, which threaten the stability of neighboring countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD 2005, 2010). This study views fragility as not only a problem of state capacity, but also of relationships in society. That is, while some elements of fragility emanate from the state, others are deeply rooted in societal dynamics, the way individuals and groups interact and the relationships that form out of these interactions
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper examines the general purpose licensing imposed by central or local authorities, and the need to eliminate unnecessary licensing regulations imposed on businesses. This paper does not address the issue of reform of sector-specific or professional licensing regulation, but provides criteria and tools for identifying unnecessary licensing regulations, and their elimination or, in some instances, for changing licensing regulations to free notifications. Indeed, this paper argues that a simplified review of licensing regimes that identifies unnecessary licensing saves energy and resources for well-balanced reform of remaining licensing regulations, eventually providing better protection for the public at large and a more enabling business environment. This paper is primarily oriented towards reform practitioners from governments that intend to reform their business environments; development agencies; donor-funded projects; practitioners of licensing reforms; and others interested in improving state and local governance. This paper is divided into three parts: (1) overview of licensing practices that provides common definitions of licensing, analysis of justified licensing regimes with focus on criteria for their justification, and theoretical overview of unjustified and questionable licenses; (2) analysis of commonly declared functions of unjustified licenses that provides insight into the nature of these licenses and their typology; and (3) four case studies that examine how unjustified licenses can be reformed with examples of unsuccessful, partially successful, and successful reform efforts. The analytical conclusions of this paper summarize criteria for unjustified licenses; describe lessons learned from the reform efforts; and provide a practical set of recommendations to the interested parties
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Indonesia economic quarterly reports on and synthesizes the past three months' key developments in Indonesia's economy. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for Indonesia's economic and social welfare. Its coverage ranges from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. International developments continue to shape Indonesia's near-term economic outlook, but the focus of attention has shifted. In late 2011 the primary concern was the deteriorating and uncertain outlook for the global economy and financial markets. Since then there has been further evidence of the slowdown in global economic momentum but also some positive signs, such as from the US, and international financial market conditions have improved. The recent sharp rise in global oil prices has added a new dimension to the situation. In particular, it has increased the projected cost of Indonesia's fuel subsidies. With the benefits of these subsidies mainly going to the wealthier segments of the population, there is a clear need to redirect this spending to more pressing development needs
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's Mongolia quarterly economic update assesses recent economic and social developments and policies in Mongolia. It also presents findings of ongoing World Bank activities in Mongolia. The Mongolian economy is continuing to grow at a very rapid pace, expanding by 16.7 percent year-on-year (yoy) in first quarter (Q1). This high growth however, is also fuelling inflation which touched 16 percent in April, well above the Bank of Mongolia's (BoM) inflation target of 10 percent. Increasing government spending on wages and salaries, large cash handouts to the general population, and burgeoning capital expenditures are adding to the demand pressures. Meanwhile, the worsening global economic outlook, in particular a faster than expected slowdown in China, Mongolia's largest trading partner, has negatively impacted export growth, resulting in deterioration in external balances. Under these circumstances, the advice to Mongolian policy-makers is to 'hold your horses' and adopt a more cautious macro-economic stance, tightening both monetary and fiscal policy to prevent further over-heating of the economy. The global economic outlook has deteriorated considerably in recent months. Financial conditions in high-income Europe, higher oil prices, and, most importantly, the slowing Chinese economy pose risks for Mongolia. The channels through which these operate include financial and trade linkages namely volatility in commodity prices and through demand from China for its mineral exports. Indeed, signs of these are already visible as demonstrated by the decline in exports in April. Other financial market linkages should also not be discounted: Mongolia's banking system, which has shown signs of overheating over the past year, is highly dollarized, with about a third of deposits denominated in dollars and easy convertibility out of the Mongolia Togrog. A sharp economic slowdown and/or an increased macroeconomic instability could expose the liquidity and asset quality vulnerabilities in individual banks and system overall
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report analyzes equity and financial protection in the health sector of Vietnam. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 1992-93 and 1997-98 Vietnam living standards survey, the 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 Vietnam household and living standards survey, the 2002 Vietnam demographic and health survey, the 2002 Vietnam world health survey, the 2006 Vietnam multiple indicator cluster survey and the 2006 Vietnam national health accounts. All analyses are conducted using original survey data and employ the health modules of the ADePT software. Overall, health care financing in Vietnam in 2006 was fairly progressive, i.e. the better-off spent a larger fraction of their consumption on health care than the poor. The financing sources that contribute to the overall progressivity of health care finance are general taxation, which finances 27 per cent of domestic spending on health, and out-of-pocket payments, which finance 55 per cent of spending. The most progressive source of health finance is actually Social Health Insurance (SHI) contributions, which is unsurprising given that they are paid largely by formal sector workers who are among the better-off; however, SHI contributions finance just 13 per cent of health spending. Voluntary insurance is mildly regressive, but this finances an even smaller share of total health spending
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low-and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Ghana's government is committed to improving equity and financial protection in the health sector. In 2005, the Government of Ghana amended its growth and poverty reduction strategy report to include a new target in the country's development: to reach middle income status by the year 2015 (Republic of Ghana 2005). Ghana's Minister of health has called attention to the role that health plays in economic development and has placed equity in both access and delivery of health services as a top priority for reaching middle income status (Ministry of health 2007). Ghana spends 8.1 per cent (2009) of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health. This is greater than the spending levels in other lower middle-income countries in Africa, which spend an average of 5.8 per cent (2009) of their GDP on health. Ghana provides free health services for certain vulnerable groups, such as children under five, people over 70, and pregnant women. In addition, immunization and services to combat certain communicable diseases are provided free of charge
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth has moderated from 6.7 percent in FY11 to 6.3 percent in FY12 due to unfavorable external economics and internal supply constraints. Monetary policy remained accommodative for most of 2011 but gradual tightening is occurring. With the high fiscal deficit and domestic borrowing by Government, monetary policy is now bearing the brunt of macroeconomic policy adjustment. The balance of payments (BoP) is on a deteriorating track, with reserves falling to below three months of imports and export growth turning negative in March 2012. A coordinated policy response is required to ease macroeconomic pressures and improve growth prospects. Key actions include the need to create fiscal space, contain government borrowing to mitigate the risk of crowding out of credit to the private sector, better regulate the capital market, and stimulate investment and job growth in the export sector. Unlike in 2008, Bangladesh has insufficient policy space to avert the negative impact of a global slowdown through fiscal stimulus packages and monetary easing
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Real gross domestic produ ...
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jordan faces extremely high levels of youth unemployment: 19 percent of male and 48 percent of female youth between the ages of 19 to 24 years old want to work but can't find jobs. For men, the transition from school to work is slow (on average 15 months), but for women the school to work transition often never takes place. In this context of high female unemployment and low female labor force participation, the Jordanian government, requested the World Bank's support to develop an employment pilot targeting female community college graduates in 2009. This pilot is part of a broader technical assistance program supporting the reform of the public community college system in Jordan. The objective of the Jordan New work Opportunities for Women (NOW) pilot was to increase female labor force participation and help women gain real world job experience. In particular, the hope was to improve information between firms and potential workers, create an opportunity to change negative stereotypes from firms and young women about women's role in the labor market, and improve soft skills and communication. Overall, the objectives of the Jordan NOW pilot were to increase labor force participation and to give young female graduates a chance to accrue some work experience
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The overall objective of the study is to explore the current effectiveness of certification and verification schemes in Southeast Asia to strengthen the legality and sustainability of future forest management, wood processing and related trade. It analyzes how the linkages among credible certification and verification schemes and the enforcement of forest laws can be strengthened in Southeast Asia. The analysis will in particular focus on five case study countries, which are important producer or wood processing hubs in the region: Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. In particular, the study assesses the status and perceived credibility of certification and verification schemes in Southeast Asia and illustrates the extent to which they offer proof of compliance with national laws and regulations. The analysis also explores the potential impact certification could have on facilitating law enforcement and influencing market practices and sector governance. Finally, it illustrates the potential role certification could play in determining a company's qualifications with financial institutions and, hence, its access to finance
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The post-2005 commodity price boom took place when most emerging-market economies (EMs) were experiencing strong and sustained economic growth, prompting numerous commentators to argue that a structural shift in the demand for commodities by emerging countries had occurred. Indeed, the size of China and India alone, which together account for 37 percent of the world's population, implies that even minor changes in their pattern of demand growth may have a measurable impact on world commodity prices. This note examines the role of demand by EMs for both extractive and food commodities. It concludes that a structural shift in metal demand has taken place, driven, for the most part, by China. Energy prices have also been influenced by EM demand. However, the role of demand for food commodities from EMs has been much less than what much of the literature argues
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Transmission of international food prices to domestic prices is essential to pursue comparative-advantage-based, sustainable agricultural production, and to ensure domestic production responds to global food scarcity or surplus. (i) International prices are opportunity costs for most price-taking developing countries and are crucial in determining an efficient distribution of domestic resources. When the long-term trend of international prices is transmitted slowly and imperfectly to domestic markets, consumers and producers make decisions based on prices that do not represent their real social costs and benefits. There is strong empirical evidence from both developing and developed countries that any large, sustained deviation of domestic prices from world prices in either direction leads to substantially sub-optimal outcomes and slows the rate of economic growth; and (ii) as international food prices reflect global scarcity or surplus, their transmission to domestic prices can help improved the global responsiveness of the food system to shocks. The recent increase in the volatility of international food prices is, therefore, a big concern. These volatile and unpredictable prices may undermine incentives for farmers to respond to high price levels with the critical increase in production needed to bring food prices down. In practical terms, farmers decide what to plant and countries deciding when to import face uncertainty in the likely distribution of world food prices and greater consequences when using past price levels and distributions to guide current decisions. This uncertainty keeps food prices high for a longer period, leading to fundamental food security risks for consumers and governments. To achieve more efficient domestic price formation, policy actions need to focus on (i) strengthening the integration of local markets with international markets (through investments in infrastructure and market-oriented policies), especially local markets that are more volatile than international markets, (ii) reducing global food price volatility, including through more discipline on trade policy, and (iii) strengthening safety nets to rapidly and cost-effectively protect the poor and vulnerable from the food price spikes
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Bangladesh sixth five year plan underscores the importance of exports for dynamism in the manufacturing sector and provision of high productivity and high income jobs. Indeed, faster export growth will be critical if Bangladesh is to achieve the accelerated growth necessary to reach its goal of becoming a middle income country by 2021. The focus of this study is to analyze the constraints to continued rapid growth in overall exports. This study seeks to focus on issues relating to i) continuation of fast growth in the basic garment sector; ii) providing an environment for encouraging export of mid and higher-value garments; iii) possibilities for diversification into IT-enabled services-business process outsourcing, or ITES-BPO; and iv) drawing some more general lessons for overall export growth
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Mitigating climate change while addressing development needs will involve a massive scale-up of investments in Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE). Most of these climate investments will come from the private sector, which will be the main driver of low-carbon growth in both developing and developed countries, provided that countries have the right investment climate for climate investment. The enabling environment for climate investment in each country depends on a variety of factors. These include macroeconomic determinants such as a functioning bureaucracy and banking system; as well as a narrower set of policy determinants such as renewable energy targets, mandatory standards, preferential power tariffs, waiver of import duties, and other fiscal incentives. While the exact mix of policies, regulations and incentives will depend on country-specific circumstances, the fact that they exist sends the right signal to climate investors, by providing them with legal certainty and lowering their costs and risks. Policies, regulations and incentives also help to level the playing field for climate investors in the face of market realities that tend to favor the continued use of carbon intense energy sources, such as support for fossil fuels and the high costs of renewable energy technologies
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Economic growth in Central America has increased rapidly over the past 20 years. Currently, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for the six Central American countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama averages approximately US
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Africa is on the rise and Ethiopia is at the forefront of this trend. On request of the Government, the World Bank surveyed 69 Chinese enterprises doing business in Ethiopia with a 95-question survey in May/June 2012. The survey covered various aspects of the foreign direct investment climate in Ethiopia, including infrastructure, sales and supplies, land, crime, competition, finance, human resources, and questions about general opportunities and constraints for doing business in Ethiopia. This report summarizes the results of survey and provides policy suggestions in light of the analysis; the report also provides some broader background of the expected benefits of FDI into Ethiopia as well as current policies and approaches to promote incoming investment. Addressing identified obstacles could help Ethiopia to take better advantage of foreign investors in order to accelerate the shift from a predominantly low-productivity agriculture-based economy towards a higher-productivity manufacturing and export-based economy. Experiences in successful countries around the world, and especially East Asia show that foreign investment is instrumental to facilitate such a structural transformation and to maintain sustained and broad-based economic development. This study recommends five main areas for policy adjustments to facilitate foreign investors coming into Ethiopia: adjust customs clearance procedures and trade regulations; facilitate currency convertibility and increase transparency of the exchange rate policy; improve tax administration consistency and efficacy; execute impartial labor regulation; and increase the supply and quality of skilled workers
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The authorities' determined implementation of stabilization measures over the past year has helped to avert a macroeconomic crisis. If the deterioration of the macroeconomic environment in 2010-11 was rapid, the improvement in the situation in the past twelve months has been equally swift. Regaining macroeconomic stability has been costly, but not stabilizing the economy would have led to even bigger losses. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth has decelerated from 6.8 percent in 2010 to 5.9 percent in 2011, and further to 4 percent in the first quarter of 2012 as higher prices has lowered domestic demand, affecting sectors such as construction, manufacturing and utilities. Industrial production has slowed, inventory for key industrial products has accumulated, and a number of small and medium enterprises have either closed, been liquidated or temporarily suspended their operations. While the stabilization efforts may have contributed to a cyclical slowdown, Vietnam's trend growth rate has been on a downward path for the last 5-6 years, largely on account of the slow pace of structural reforms. Inefficiencies in state-owned enterprises, banks and public investments have been a drag on the country's long-term growth potential. With gains from macroeconomic stabilization still recent and fragile, especially in an external environment that is fraught with uncertainty, the government needs to be careful not to shift to an expansionary stance prematurely
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Vietnam's rapid and susta ...
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malaysian economy grew robustly in 2011, outperforming forecasts. Growth was driven by domestic demand. Public consumption picked up more than expected toward the end of the year and fixed investment was also buoyant on higher investments by public and private companies. Private consumption spending remained strong, sustained by solid consumer credit, civil service bonus payments, and firm commodity prices benefiting smallholders. Inventories were a drag on growth as post- financial crisis restocking was completed. There is momentum to the reform agenda, but implementation could be accelerated. The government's transformation programs registered notable progress, but the challenge now is to go beyond quick wins and accelerate the implementation of more difficult, but critical, structural reforms that lie at the core of transforming the economy into a high-income one. Implementation can be assisted by increasing the coordination of related reform efforts (such as safety nets and education), building capacity within the civil service to lead reforms, and working towards consensus in key areas such as educational reform, subsidy rationalization and broadening the tax base
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Kenya's economy has been running on one engine. Kenya's strong engine is domestic consumption, which accounts for 75 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Kenya's weak engine remains its exports, which have been declining sharply in relative importance. Kenya's top four main exports do not earn enough to pay for oil imports, not to mention other imports. It will be very difficult for Kenya to achieve high growth over an extended period of time because of its existing economic imbalances. Kenya needs to increase its export competitiveness. It is clear that Kenya's trade performance is below its potential. The objective of this overview is to provide some of that analysis and to contribute to the policy dialogue on the role of exports Kenya's future growth. This paper focuses on five issues: 1) overall trade orientation and export growth; 2) merchandise export trends; 3) merchandise exports by sector; 4) merchandise exports by destination; and 5) diversification. The growth of merchandise exports has been slow and volatile. The average annual growth rate of merchandise exports has been only 10 percent. And while countries such as Vietnam have has a distinct export growth trajectory with steady growth in merchandise exports year after year, Kenya's pattern has been rather volatile with a few good years followed by major falls. Export growth has been driven primarily by existing products in existing markets. Overall there has been little new product/new market discovery
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the future scenario for livestock development, there is a continuing role for smallholder producers, particular for dairy and small ruminants, relying heavily on grass and crop-residues, however in a growth mode, intensifying production, and enhancing the efficiency of resource use (less land, labor and feed resources per unit product). In particular improving the efficiency of converting feed into milk and meat will be critical to increase their income. Ensuring that happens will require technical solutions, in ensuring that feed rations are adequately balanced with the appropriate feedstuffs of adequate quality, and institutional solutions on how to provide smallholders access to high quality information and reliable supplies of sufficient quality feeds. Investment strategies will need to be purposefully tailored to fit these specific contexts. This study assesses where the demand for feed is likely to change the most, and where investments in feed are most likely to increase animal productivity and improve the livelihoods of those who raise livestock. The study focuses on smallholder ruminant-based livestock systems because they have potentially major transformative effects on the livelihoods of producers and others engaged in the related value chains. While pig and poultry enterprises typically play an important role in livelihoods at very low input levels, such as backyard scavenging poultry, they tend to be replaced very quickly by larger scale commercial units. In India for instance, broiler production moved from a few hundred birds per unit to units with a weekly turnover of ten to twenty thousand between 2001 and 2006
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment focused on the supervision and regulation of the insurance sector and the role of the Financial Services Commission (FSC) in Mauritius. The FSC has responsibility for licensing and supervision of all players in the insurance market-insurance companies, distributors; loss adjusters; reinsurance companies; reinsurance brokers, and actuaries and auditors. This report relates to a dedicated assessment mission conducted in July 2011. The FSC maintains a fairly detailed website that contains copies of relevant laws and regulations applicable to insurance companies in Mauritius. Also available on the website are copies of guidelines of general application that have been issued to the insurance companies, statistics of the industry's performance, and copies of the annual reports issued by FSC. In addition to its discussions with FSC personnel, mission members met with representatives of the trade association and with executives of a representative sample of companies, both life and general insurance, operating in the market. Other contacts included brokers and auditors. The insurance sector in Mauritius is material although not fully developed in terms of size. Insurance premium stands at MUR 17.5 billion represented at 68 percent life and 32 percent non-life insurances. Life insurance growth has been more impressive than non-life insurance performance. Although both segments have shown healthy nominal growth rates, real growth has been less spectacular for the non-life sector. Interpreting non-life sector premium performance can be confused by global pricing cycles
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Lesotho is a small landlocked country with a homogenous population of 2.1 million. Lesotho's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was 1,023 dollars and gross national income (GNI) per capita was 1,080 dollars in 2010. The country also faces numerous challenges to its social and human development. In this context, more attention on the role and quality of public investment is warranted. To improve public accountability and transparency, the Government of Lesotho (GoL) introduced the automated integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) in April 2009. The study directly responds to an explicit request of technical assistance from the ministry of finance and development planning (MoFDP) and aims at supporting the GoL in its major reform efforts to enhance the efficiency of public investment management (PIM) and increase the "value for money" in capital spending. The overarching objective of this study is to support the GoL in its efforts to prioritize public resource allocation and enhance efficiency in capital spending, with the ultimate goal of contributing to improved governance, service delivery, and economic growth. The work is aligned with the World Bank country assistance strategy (CAS) 2010 to 2014, in particular its first pillar on fiscal adjustment and public sector efficiency. This report emphasizes the complementary aspects of the institutions, incentives, capacity, and process-related constraints to the functioning of PIM. The focus of this report will also complement ongoing public financial management (PFM) support by other development partners. The report is presented in four chapters, which are organized as follows: chapter one offers a macro-level country analysis; chapter two presents recent trends in public investments; chapter three focuses on institution mapping and the diagnostic assessment of the PIM system; and chapter four concludes with policy implications
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Financial Accountability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Comparing this repeat Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment with the original 2007 assessment reveals overall improvement across most Performance Indicators, with slippage in some areas and no change in rating for others. This 2012 PEFA report also takes place at a time of considerable transition as various PFM reforms are either newly implemented or in the process of being implemented and close to being implemented (e.g. a new chart of accounts; a new supreme audit act; adoption of the medium term expenditure framework and the implementation of a Public Financial Management (PFM) Reform Program). The purpose of the assessment is to assess the PFM system performance of the Government of Tajikistan, using the PEFA assessment methodology, and to gauge progress in strengthening performance since the last PEFA assessment conducted in 2007. The results of the assessment will principally be used by the Government to determine whether the Public Financial Management Economic Management Modernization Program (PFMMP) that it is currently implementing should be refined
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: After almost a year of political, economic, and security upheaval, Yemen has now embarked on a new political path based on an agreement brokered by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and overseen by the United Nations, or UN and the international community. The agreement was signed on November 23, 2011, after former President Saleh, the ruling party (GPC), and the opposition parties agreed to a political transition, dialogue, and political reforms. A transitional government of national unity was formed and confirmed by the Parliament in early December 2011. The transition President Hadi was elected on February, 21 2012, for the period spanning to the planned next general elections in the first half of 2014. In an environment of political tensions, the President made progress in reforming the security institutional set-up, in reducing the influence of Al-Qaeda forces, and in preparing for a national dialogue
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