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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 65-69
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 65-69
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; South Africa ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: France Judgement of the European Court of Human Rights on the Right to a Fair Trial, in the Litigation Collectif Stop MELOX and MOX versus France (2007) Decision of the Council of State Quashing a Decree Concerning a Nuclear Installation in Brennilis, for the Want of Public Information and Consultation (2007) South Africa Judgement of the Cape High Court in the Case of McDonald and Others versus Minister of Minerals and Energy and Others (2007) United Kingdom Decision of the Wick Sheriff Court Fining UKAEA for Plutonium Exposure (2007) United States Judgement of the US Court of Appeals on Environmental Analysis of the Effects of Terrorism (2006) Vacatur of US Court of Federal Claims Decision Regarding Price-Anderson Compensation of Costs in a Private Tort Claim (2007)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 111-119
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux Réglementaires Internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 111-119
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union
    Abstract: European Union Council Decision Authorising the Republic of Slovenia to Ratify the 2004 Protocol Amending the Paris Convention (2007) Council Decision Approving the Accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the Amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (2007) Council Decision Establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and Conferring Advantages upon it (2007) International Atomic Energy Agency Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2007) Resolution on the Exclusion of Small Quantities of Nuclear Material from the Application of the Vienna Convention (2007) International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (2007) Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources and its Supplementary Guidance (2007) 51st IAEA General Conference OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Decision on the Exclusion of Small Quantities of Nuclear Substances from the Application of the Paris Convention (2007)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 71-91
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux Législatifs et Réglementaires Nationaux : (French version)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 71-91
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; France ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Brazil Resolution of the National Council on Energy Policy on the Resumption of Construction of a Thermonuclear Plant (2007) France Decree on Technical Enquiries in the Event of Incidents or Accidents Relating to Nuclear Activities (2007) Order on the Organisation of the General Directorate of Enterprises (GDE) within the Ministry of Industry (2007) Decree on the Listing of Basic Nuclear Installations (2007) Decree on Basic Nuclear Installations and Verifying the Nuclear Safety of Radioactive Materials Transport (2007) Italy Decree Implementing the Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom on the Control of High-activity Sealed Radioactive Sources and Orphan Sources (2007) Amendment to the Environmental Law Decree (2007) Japan Amendment to the Law on Final Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste (2007) Lithuania Law on the Nuclear Power Plant (2007) Luxembourg Grand-ducal Regulations on the Protection of the Public Against the Risks Resulting from Ionising Radiation (2006) Law on Approving the Agreement Between Luxembourg and Belgium Relating to Information Exchange in the Event of an Incident or Accident (2006) People’s Republic of China Regulations on the Management and Monitoring of Nuclear Safety Equipment for Civilian Use (2007) Official Reply of the State Council to Questions on the Liabilities of Compensation for Damages Resulting from Nuclear Accidents (2007) Romania Government Decision on the Monitoring of the Health of Personnel (2007) Order on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials During Transport (2007) Order on Preventive Protection of Nuclear Installations (2007)Order on the Verification of the Physical Protection System of Nuclear Installations (2007) Ordinance on the Safe Management of Radioactive Waste (2007) Government Decision Regarding Financial Resources Necessary for the Safe Management of Radioactive Waste (2007) Amendment of the Law on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (2007) Russian Federation Reform of the Russian Nuclear Power Industry (2007) Slovak Republic Atomic Act Amendment on Alternative Financing of the Nuclear Regulatory Body (2007) Slovenia Decree on the Control of Radioactive Contamination in the Shipment of Scrap Metal (2007) Spain Amendment to the Nuclear Energy Act (2007) Sweden Decision on the Merger of Regulatory Authorities (2007) Turkey Law Concerning the Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and the Sale of Energy Generated from Those Plants (2007) United States Final Rule Amending Regulations Applicable to the Licensing of New Nuclear Power Plants (2007) Final Rule Implementing a National Source Tracking System (2006) Final Rule on Design Basis Threat (2007)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 59-75
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 59-75
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Argentina ; Australia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Iceland ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Poland ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Sweden
    Abstract: Argentina Amendment to the Criminal Code (2004) Australia Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Amendment Act (2006) Commonwealth Radioactive Waste Management Legislation Amendment Act (2006) Finland Amendments to the Radiation Act and Radiation Decree (2005) France Decree on Securing Financing for Nuclear Charges (2007)Decree Licensing the Construction of the Basic Nuclear Installation “Flamanville 3” Comprising an EPR Reactor (2007) Germany Amendment to the Act on Preventive Radiation Protection (2006) Administrative Provisions on the Supervision of Environmental Radioactivity (2006)Ordinance on Radioactive Drugs (2007) Amendment to the Ordinance on the Treatment of Foodstuffs with Radiation (2006) European Agreement Relating to the International Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) (2006)Ordinance on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (2006)Ordinance to Amend the RID Regulations (2006) Ordinance on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods on the Rhine and Mosel Rivers (2006) Amendments to the 1961 Foreign Trade Act and to the 1993 Foreign Trade Ordinance (2006) Iceland Regulations in the Field of Radiation Protection (2003) Indonesia Decree on Nuclear Reactor Licensing (2006) Ireland Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Act 1998 (Appointment of Competent Authorities) Order (2006) Italy Decree on Emergency Planning with Regard to the Transport of Radioactive and Fissile Materials (2006) Netherlands Covenant Between the Government and the Borssele Operator Concerning the Life Extension (2006) New Zealand Consolidated Edition of the 1965 Radiation Protection Act (2005) Poland Regulation on Ionising Radiation Sources (2006) Romania Decision Approving the Structure and Organisation of the Romanian Nuclear Agency (2007)Amendment of the 2003 Decision Approving the Internal Rules of the National Commission for the Control of Nuclear Activities (CNCAN) (2007) Amendment of the 2003 Ordinance on the Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste, including Final Disposal (2007) Russian Federation Act on Administrative and Property Management of the Civilian Nuclear Energy Sector (2007) Slovak Republic Amendment of the Atomic Act (2007) Slovenia Regulation on Monitoring of Radioactivity (2007) South Africa Regulations on the Contents of the Annual Public Report (2006)Regulations on the Keeping of Records (2006)Regulations on Safety Standards and Regulatory Practices (2006) Sweden Amendment to the Act and Ordinance on Nuclear Activities (2006)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 77-78
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux réglementaires internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 77-78
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union
    Abstract: European Union Council Directive on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel (2006)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 93-110
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Textes de lois
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 93-110
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; China, People’s Republic ; Lithuania ; Turkey
    Abstract: Lithuania Law on the Nuclear Power Plant (2007) People’s Republic of China Official Reply of the State Council to Questions on the Liabilities of Compensation for Damages Resulting from Nuclear Accidents (2007) Turkey Unofficial Translation of the Turkish Law No. 5710 Concerning the Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and the Sale of Energy Generated from Those Plants (2007)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 107-129
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 107-129
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article describes the status of nuclear multilateral agreements in force as of December 2011.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 75-97
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 75-97
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Bulgaria ; Czech Republic ; France ; Germany ; India ; Ireland ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Poland ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Bulgaria General legislation Czech Republic General legislation France General legislation Regulatory infrastructure and activity Germany General legislation India Liability and compensation Organisation and structure Ireland Radiation protection General legislation Korea (Republic of) Organisation and structure Lithuania Regulatory infrastructure and activity Radioactive waste management Radiation protection International co-operation Nuclear safety Poland General legislation Romania Environmental protection Russian Federation Radioactive waste management Slovenia Nuclear safety Spain Liability and compensation Nuclear security Sweden Nuclear safety Turkey Radiation protection Regulatory infrastructure and activity Nuclear safety Liability and compensation United States General legislation
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 99-106
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 99-106
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: European Atomic Energy Community Adopted legislative instruments Reports Meetings International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety Non-binding instrument on the transboundary movement of scrap metal 55th IAEA General Conference Basic Safety Standards Nuclear Law Institute OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Basic Safety Standards International Nuclear Law Essentials International School of Nuclear Law New members Russian Federation request for membership
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 65-74
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 65-74
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; European Union ; France ; Slovak Republic ; United States
    Abstract: Canada Judicial review of Darlington new nuclear power plant projectAppeal decision upholding criminal convictions related to attempt to export nuclear-related dual-use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen v. Yadegari European Commission Greenland cases France Chernobyl accident – decision of dismissal of the Court of Appeal of Paris Slovak Republic Aarhus Convention compliance update United States Judgement of a US court of appeals upholding the NRC’s dismissal of challenges to the renewal of the operating licence for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-58
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décisions administratives
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-58
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden Environmental Court Decision on Initial Measures for the Dismantling of Barsebäck (2006)*
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-57
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-57
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany Judgement of the Federal Administrative Court on the Konrad Repository Project (2007)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 131-200
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 131-200
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union ; India ; Korea, Republic of ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: European Union Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste India The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Rules Republic of Korea Act on Establishment and Operation of Nuclear Safety Commission Russian Federation Federal Law on the Management of Radioactive Wastes and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821396568 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821397084 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821396568
    Edition: ISBN 9780821397084 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 305.5/12091724
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821386859 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821389034 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821386859
    Edition: ISBN 9780821389034 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.260951
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821396346 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821397237 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821396346
    Edition: ISBN 9780821397237 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 305.5/5098
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9780821395646 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821395653 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821395646
    Edition: ISBN 9780821395653 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.2310951
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.190
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.192
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9780821396346
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 182 pages
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 305.5/5098
    Keywords: Wirtschaft ; Income ; Middle class ; Households Economic aspects ; Occupational mobility ; Social mobility ; Lateinamerika ; Latin America Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264167148
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Keywords: Surveys Methodology ; Trade regulation Evaluation ; Surveys Design ; Public administration Evaluation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264167728
    Language: English
    Pages: 115 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Print version OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Colombia 2012
    DDC: 332.67309861
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This Investment Policy Review examines Colombia's achievements in developing an open and transparent investment regime and its efforts to reduce restrictions on international investment. The Review  shows  that, in the past few years, Colombia has made tremendous progress in promoting investment liberalisation and improving its investment policy framework. Colombia has also recently undertaken important policy reforms in many of the areas covered by the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, including human rights, labour issues and bribery. In recognition of its progress in pursu
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Introduction and Summary; The role of foreign investment in Colombia's economic development; Non­discrimination and equal treatment of investors; Policies in support of responsible business conduct; Colombia's policy framework for investment; Investment framework in support of green growth; Chapter 1. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Colombia's Economic Development; Recent FDI developments; Table 1.1. Colombia's international investment; Figure 1.1. FDI flows in and from Colombia (1994­mid­2011)
    Description / Table of Contents: Figure 1.2. Colombia's inward FDI position by main sectors (mid­2011)Box 1.1. Private investment targets in Colombia's National Development Plan 2010­14; Foreign investor participation in privatisation programmes; Note; References; Chapter 2. Colombia and the National Treatment Instrument; Introduction; Box 2.1. The Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises; The principle of non­discrimination of foreign direct investment in Colombia's investment regime; Box 2.2. Colombia and the Andean Community; Expropriation
    Description / Table of Contents: Exceptions to the National Treatment instrument notified by ColombiaHorizontal measures; Sectoral measures; Government procurement; Measures at the territorial subdivisions; Measures notified by Colombia for transparency; Measures based on public order and essential security considerations; Other measures reported for transparency; Colombia's plans for eliminating existing restrictions; Colombia and the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index; Box 2.3. Calculating the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index; Figure 2.1. 2010 FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index by country
    Description / Table of Contents: Figure 2.2. FDI stocks and the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness IndexNotes; References; Chapter 3. Colombia and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Box 3.1. The 2011 update of the OECD Guidelines for MNEs; General policies for promoting responsible business conduct; Box 3.2. Working in partnership to implement the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Colombia's policies in major areas of responsible business conduct; Disclosure; Human Rights; Employment and industrial relations; Environment; Combating bribery, bribe solicitation and extortion
    Description / Table of Contents: Box 3.3. Colombia's Anti­Corruption Statute of 2011: Measures to combat bribery in business transactionsConsumer interests; Box 3.4. Colombia's 2011 Consumer Protection Statute: Key features; Science and technology; Competition; Taxation; Box 3.5. Overview of taxes applicable to enterprises in Colombia; Establishment of a National Contact Point; Colombia's National Contact Point; Notes; References; Chapter 4. Colombia's Policy Framework for Investment; Box 4.1. The OECD Policy Framework for Investment; Investment policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Transparency and accessibility of the legislative and regulatory framework
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 368 p. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels
    Keywords: Fossil fuels Taxation ; Gas industry Subsidies ; Fossil fuels Finance ; Fossil fuels ; Petroleum industry and trade Subsidies
    Abstract: This publication provides preliminary, quantitative estimates of direct budgetary support and tax expenditures supporting the production or consumption of fossil fuels in selected OECD member countries. The information has been compiled as part of the OECD's programme of work to develop a better understanding of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. It is also intended to inform the ongoing efforts of G20 nations to reform fossil-fuel subsidies. For each of the 24 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country's tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordExecutive summary -- Introduction -- Australia -- Belgium -- Canada -- Chile -- France -- Germany -- Hungary -- Iceland -- Ireland -- Israel -- Italy -- Japan -- Korea -- Luxembourg -- Mexico -- Netherlands -- New Zealand -- Norway -- Poland -- Spain -- Sweden -- Turkey -- United Kingdom -- United States -- Glossary.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9780821389423 , 9780821389430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 ; Recessions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 ; Recessions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis ; Recessions ; 2008-2009 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9780821388457 , 9780821389607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Urban development
    DDC: 363.34/2
    Keywords: City planning Environmental aspects ; Climatic changes Effect of human beings on ; Climatic changes Social aspects ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban health ; Urban policy ; Urban poor ; City planning Environmental aspects ; Climatic changes Effect of human beings on ; Climatic changes Social aspects ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban health ; Urban policy ; Urban poor ; City planning ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban health ; Urban policy ; Urban poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9780821395295 , 9780821395301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.4/23670956
    Keywords: Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public
    Note: "Part I, Overview and summary, June 2010
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821387146 , 9780821387153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Human development perspectives
    DDC: 658.3/124
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employees Training of ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Employees Training of ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Employees ; Manpower policy ; Training of ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Entwicklungsländer ; Berufliche Fortbildung ; Training on the job ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389355 , 9780821389713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.4/737098
    Keywords: Education Economic aspects ; Education Economic aspects ; Wages ; Wages ; Education Economic aspects ; Education Economic aspects ; Wages ; Wages ; Education ; Education ; Wages ; Wages
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821394755 , 9780821394762
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 364.1/323094758
    Keywords: Corruption Prevention ; Municipal services Government policy ; Organizational effectiveness ; Corruption Prevention ; Municipal services Government policy ; Organizational effectiveness ; Corruption ; Municipal services ; Organizational effectiveness ; Georgia (Republic) ; Georgia (Republic) Politics and government 21st century ; Georgia (Republic) Politics and government 21st century
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsAbout this book -- Introduction -- Patrol police serving people -- Strengthening tax collections -- Cleaning up customs -- Ensuring power supply reliability -- Deregulating businesses -- Making public and civil registries work -- Cleaning up corruption in Georgia's university entrance examinations -- Decentralizing municipal services -- Conclusions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9780821388976 , 9780821388983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 399.5/22
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Transfer payments Case studies ; Economic assistance ; Transfer payments Case studies ; Economic assistance ; Transfer payments ; Fallstudiensammlung
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
    ISBN: 9780821388914 , 9780821388921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.9629
    Keywords: Education ; Education ; Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Background and contextOverall enrollment patterns -- Patterns of student flow -- Disparities in school participation -- Student learning and service delivery -- Education spending -- Teachers and teacher management in South Sudan -- Conclusions.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9780821388464 , 9780821389256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small Economic conditions ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small Economic conditions ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9780821395493 , 9780821395509
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) Taxation ; Taxation ; Informal sector (Economics) Taxation ; Taxation ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Taxation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9780821396049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/13091724
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households ; Poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9780821396094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 628.5/32
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9780821395226 , 9780821395240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/21609861
    Keywords: City planning ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; City planning ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; City planning ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; Colombia ; Colombia Economic conditions ; Colombia Economic conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Amplifying the gains from urbanizationCompetitiveness and connectivity across the Colombian urban system -- Interjurisdictional coordination -- Infrastructure finance.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9780821397138 , 9780821397145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.4/4091724
    Keywords: Customs administration ; Tax administration and procedure ; Taxation ; Customs administration ; Tax administration and procedure ; Taxation ; Customs administration ; Tax administration and procedure ; Taxation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9780821394861 , 9780821394878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9173/2
    Keywords: Economic geography ; Space in economics ; Urban economics ; Economic geography ; Space in economics ; Urban economics ; Economic geography ; Space in economics ; Urban economics ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 657
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2012 is a pocket edition of the Global Financial Inclusion Index (Global Findex) database providing country-level indicators on the use of formal bank accounts, payments behavior, savings patterns, credit patterns, and insurance decisions. It provides data on financial inclusion by key demographic characteristics - gender, age, education, income, and rural or urban residence. The book includes summary pages for 147 economies and regional and income group averages
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.0112
    Abstract: This pocket-sized reference on key development data for over 200 countries provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators about people, environment, economy, technology and infrastructure, trade, and finance
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9780821396070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.792/3091724
    Keywords: Energy development ; Energy industries Finance ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power ; Energy development ; Energy industries Finance ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.905
    Abstract: One of a series of pocket-sized books that provide a quick reference to development data on different topics, 'The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012' provides data for more than 20 key indicators on the business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395660 , 9780821395677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 368.42009667
    Keywords: National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) ; National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care Finance ; Government policy ; National health insurance ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care Finance ; Government policy ; National health insurance ; National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; National health insurance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9780821389409 , 9780821394601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 339.4/6
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poor ; Social aspects ; Social aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395516 , 9780821395523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9/27
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Economic development ; Sustainable development ; Environmental aspects
    Description / Table of Contents: An analytical framework for green growthFostering environment-friendly behavioral change through market and non-market mechanisms -- Innovation and other industrial policies -- Human capital: implications of green growth policies for labor markets and job creation -- Natural capital -- Physical capital: the role of infrastructure in green growth strategies -- Crafting a green growth strategy.
    Note: "This report was written by a team led by Marianne Fay [... et al.] , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9780821396025
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/4091724
    Keywords: Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 384
    Keywords: Atlas
    Abstract: This Little Data Book presents tables for over 213 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.67/22
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationale for green infrastructure finance frameworkEconomic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9780821395479 , 9780821395486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.7
    Keywords: Business cycles Social aspects ; Child welfare Economic aspects ; Children Social conditions ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Youth Social conditions ; Business cycles Social aspects ; Child welfare Economic aspects ; Children Social conditions ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Youth Social conditions ; Business cycles ; Child welfare ; Children ; Financial crises ; Youth
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9780821396186 , 9780821396193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.10954
    Keywords: Delivery of Health Care economics ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs economics ; National Health Programs organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; National Health Programs
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the context : the development of health insurance in IndiaResults and cross-cutting issues -- Addressing GSHIS operational challenges -- Pragmatic pathways to universal coverage.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.70956
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 53
    ISBN: 0821386875 , 9780821386873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 423 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development forum series
    DDC: 331.1098
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographic references
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9780821397268 , 9780821397299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 337.1/56
    Keywords: Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: With declining fertility and rising life expectancy, the Vietnamese population is expected to age rapidly, making the development of a modern social security system a pressing priority for Vietnam. The current system faces a number of major challenges, including low coverage rates in both the formal and informal sectors, inequities between different participant groups, lack of financial sustainability, and weak capacity for management and implementation of social insurance programs. Reforms are needed urgently to expand coverage, promote fairness, improve financial sustainability, and modernize the social security administration in order to help ensure income security for Vietnam's aging population in the coming decades. This note aims to contribute to the policy discussions around possible revisions to the social insurance code foreseen for 2013 by reviewing some of these challenges and possible reform options
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: There is global interest in promoting mitigation and adaptation in agriculture, forest, and other land-use (AFOLU) sectors to address the twin goals of climate change and sustainable development. This guideline deals with how to enhance carbon stocks in general in all land-based projects and its specific relationship with agriculture productivity. It outlines specific steps and procedures that need to be followed by project proponents and managers of land-based projects to enhance carbon stocks synergistically with increasing crop productivity. This guideline for carbon stock enhancement or CO2 emission reduction in agriculture and natural resource management (NRM) projects covering all land-use sectors presents two approaches. The first approach is a generic one covering all the land categories and interventions aimed at promoting the economic benefits (crop, timber, and non-timber wood product production, and employment or livelihood generation) and environmental benefits (soil and water conservation, land reclamation, and biodiversity protection) of a project, synergistically optimizing carbon stock enhancement as a co-benefit. The second approach provides guidelines for project developers to maximize project C-benefits along with promoting high-value cropping systems and production practices appropriate for a given agro-ecological region as well as to meet the needs of the local stakeholders, such as farmers or landless laborers. An illustration of the two approaches is presented at the end of the executive summary. The guidelines provide methods for selection and incorporation of carbon stock enhancement modules and practices along with methods for estimation and monitoring of carbon stock changes as well as assessment of social and economic implications of carbon enhancement (C-enhancement) interventions
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Indonesia economic quarterly reports on and synthesizes the past three months' key developments in Indonesia's economy. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for Indonesia's economic and social welfare. Its coverage ranges from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. International developments continue to shape Indonesia's near-term economic outlook, but the focus of attention has shifted. In late 2011 the primary concern was the deteriorating and uncertain outlook for the global economy and financial markets. Since then there has been further evidence of the slowdown in global economic momentum but also some positive signs, such as from the US, and international financial market conditions have improved. The recent sharp rise in global oil prices has added a new dimension to the situation. In particular, it has increased the projected cost of Indonesia's fuel subsidies. With the benefits of these subsidies mainly going to the wealthier segments of the population, there is a clear need to redirect this spending to more pressing development needs
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's Mongolia quarterly economic update assesses recent economic and social developments and policies in Mongolia. It also presents findings of ongoing World Bank activities in Mongolia. The Mongolian economy is continuing to grow at a very rapid pace, expanding by 16.7 percent year-on-year (yoy) in first quarter (Q1). This high growth however, is also fuelling inflation which touched 16 percent in April, well above the Bank of Mongolia's (BoM) inflation target of 10 percent. Increasing government spending on wages and salaries, large cash handouts to the general population, and burgeoning capital expenditures are adding to the demand pressures. Meanwhile, the worsening global economic outlook, in particular a faster than expected slowdown in China, Mongolia's largest trading partner, has negatively impacted export growth, resulting in deterioration in external balances. Under these circumstances, the advice to Mongolian policy-makers is to 'hold your horses' and adopt a more cautious macro-economic stance, tightening both monetary and fiscal policy to prevent further over-heating of the economy. The global economic outlook has deteriorated considerably in recent months. Financial conditions in high-income Europe, higher oil prices, and, most importantly, the slowing Chinese economy pose risks for Mongolia. The channels through which these operate include financial and trade linkages namely volatility in commodity prices and through demand from China for its mineral exports. Indeed, signs of these are already visible as demonstrated by the decline in exports in April. Other financial market linkages should also not be discounted: Mongolia's banking system, which has shown signs of overheating over the past year, is highly dollarized, with about a third of deposits denominated in dollars and easy convertibility out of the Mongolia Togrog. A sharp economic slowdown and/or an increased macroeconomic instability could expose the liquidity and asset quality vulnerabilities in individual banks and system overall
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low-and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Malawi's government is committed to improving equity and financial protection in the health sector. Equity is explicitly mentioned as one of the four objectives in the Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP). The overall objective of the HSSP is to contribute towards Malawi's attainment of the health and related millennium development goals. The specific objectives of the HSSP are, therefore, to: 1) increase coverage of the high quality Essential Health Package (EHP) services; 2) reduce risk factors to health; 3) improve equity and efficiency in the delivery of quality EHP services; and 4) strengthen the performance of the health system to support delivery of EHP services. Malawi spends 6.2 per cent (2009) of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health. This is similar to the average spending in other lower income countries in Africa, which have spent an average of 6.5 per cent (2009) of their GDP on health. The central Ministry of health is responsible for the development and enforcement of health policy, regulation of the health sector, creation of standards and norms, allocation and management of resources, provision of technical support, coordination, and monitoring and evaluation
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report analyzes equity and financial protection in the health sector of Zambia. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2007 Zambia demographic and health survey, the 2006 Zambia living conditions monitoring survey, the 2003 Zambia world health survey and the 2003 Zambia national health accounts. All analyses are conducted using original survey data and employ the health modules of the ADePT software. Overall, health care financing in Zambia in 2006 was fairly progressive, i.e. the better-off spent a larger fraction of their consumption on health care than the poor. The financing sources that contribute to the overall progressivity of health care finance are general taxation, which finances 42 per cent of domestic spending on health, and contributions made by private employers, which finance 9 per cent of spending. An additional contribution to overall progressivity is made through pre-payment mechanisms, but this remains fairly limited given that they only represent 1 per cent of total health finance. Out-of-pocket health payments, which account for 47 per cent of total health financing, appear to be proportional to income, with only slight and not statistically significant evidence of progressivity
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2011, India's economic growth has slowed to below 7 percent and the stock markets mirrored the weakening economic conditions, but recovered somewhat in early 2012. Industrial sector output growth briefly slipped into negative territory. On the demand side, fixed investment and consumption growth slowed. India's exports were growing very strongly through 2011 despite the worsening economic conditions in Europe, which continued to be India's most important export market. The balance of payments continued to be in surplus during April-September 2011, but the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reserves declined by a small amount since then. The rupee nevertheless depreciated by 20 percent between August and December, before recovering somewhat in early 2012. Macroeconomic policies presented a mixed picture: the central government is likely to miss the ambitious target for fiscal consolidation it had set in the FY2011-12 budget by about one percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Slippages are due to lower-than-expected revenues and increasing outlays on subsidies, which had been given low budgetary allocations in anticipation of strong policy changes, which failed to materialize. In India, the slowdown in GDP growth witnessed over the last two quarters is likely to extend into the coming fiscal year because of the weakness in investment. In FY2011-12 and FY2012-13, GDP growth is forecast to reach around 7-7.5 percent, a significant slowdown from the 9-10 percent growth in the run-up to the global financial crisis. The slowdown is at least partly caused by structural problems (power projects facing delays due to the lack of coal and gas feedstock, mining and the telecom sectors hit by corruption scandals, unavailability of land and infrastructure)
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite an unfavourable global economy, economic growth in Bangladesh is projected at close to 6 percent in fiscal 2013 (FY13). Adverse external demand and domestic supply constraints continue to be a drag on growth. Shortfalls in exports and investments due to a possible protracted crisis in the euro area and internal supply constraints may underpin the moderation of growth. Investment targets of the medium term budget framework 2013 to 2017 face major obstacles in shortage of electricity and gas supplies, and poorly functioning roads and ports. One positive prospect on the investment front is the increase in foreign direct investment in FY12, which surpassed the US
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jordan faces extremely high levels of youth unemployment: 19 percent of male and 48 percent of female youth between the ages of 19 to 24 years old want to work but can't find jobs. For men, the transition from school to work is slow (on average 15 months), but for women the school to work transition often never takes place. In this context of high female unemployment and low female labor force participation, the Jordanian government, requested the World Bank's support to develop an employment pilot targeting female community college graduates in 2009. This pilot is part of a broader technical assistance program supporting the reform of the public community college system in Jordan. The objective of the Jordan New work Opportunities for Women (NOW) pilot was to increase female labor force participation and help women gain real world job experience. In particular, the hope was to improve information between firms and potential workers, create an opportunity to change negative stereotypes from firms and young women about women's role in the labor market, and improve soft skills and communication. Overall, the objectives of the Jordan NOW pilot were to increase labor force participation and to give young female graduates a chance to accrue some work experience
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Seventy percent of West Bank and Gaza's population is under the age of 30, and their share will continue to grow in the years ahead. The aspirations and ambitions of this large and growing population of children and youth have the potential to define the future of the West Bank and Gaza. This assessment seeks to contribute to the understanding of factors driving the choices of young men and women at this critical juncture of their lives, with a particular emphasis on the roles that changing gender norms and the conflict environment are having on their aspirations for education, jobs, and forming families. Young Palestinians are moving into adulthood in a world surrounded by roadblocks and barriers, and gripped by soaring unemployment and uncertainty about what their futures may hold. Still, this generation remains optimistic and ambitious. They are pursuing high school and college degrees, and hanging on to expectations for better jobs and better lives than was possible for their parent's generation. In the face of such bleak prospects, why? What is driving these youth's aspirations for high levels of education and good jobs? To provide a broad context for the youth's testimonies, this report first takes stock of developments affecting the West Bank and Gaza over the past decade. In this period, the Palestinian territories witnessed two major episodes of conflict: the second intifada beginning in 2000 and the crisis in Gaza in 2007. Both episodes had severe and wide-ranging economic repercussions, and were accompanied by restrictions on internal and external mobility of people and goods. As a result, in the last decade, the West Bank and Gaza has witnessed economic volatility without parallel (even in comparison to countries affected by large financial crises), massive spikes in poverty, and some of the highest rates of unemployment in the world. Young people's unemployment rates are even higher, and much more so for young women. The youth's focus groups indicate that traditional gender norms remain very strong in their society, and mainly seem to be reinforced by the difficult conflict environment. Men's status as the breadwinners means that boys, especially from poor families, are likely to withdraw from school sooner than girls in order to take up income earning roles; and the weak economy intensifies these pressures
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Public expenditure on household-based social assistance (SA) in Indonesia has increased significantly since 2005. From a low base in the early 2000s, Indonesia's aggregate national public expenditures on SA permanently increased from 2005 after the central government allocated a portion of the savings from fuel subsidy reforms to a number of SA initiatives. In 2010, national expenditures on SA are estimated at Rp 29,709 billion (US
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Uganda has started its journey into urbanization and economic development. The pace of urbanization is picking up currently at 4.5 percent per year, and likely to accelerate with rising incomes. The economic benefits from urban growth will come from exploiting economies of scale and agglomeration and by increasing fluidity in factor markets that enable substitution between land and non land inputs. Uganda's urban transformation is occurring in a period of particular flux a changing climate is likely to adversely influence rain fed agriculture, which will have bearing on the prospects of small towns that serve as interlocutors with the rural economy. At the other end, closer economic integration in East Africa will increase the reach of the country's largest metropolis, but place it in direct competition with other metropolises in the region. As prices of tradable converge in an open economy, considerable thought and effort will be needed to reduce the prices of non tradable services that can help maintain economic competitiveness. Policymakers both at the national and local levels need to see themselves as change managers who encourage flexibility in how Uganda's towns and cities respond to emerging needs of business and households. Planning ahead is important, but not locking settlements into today's market needs becomes even more important. What are policy priorities to harness economic and social aims from urbanization? This policy note is organized in three sections to answer this question. The first section provides stylized facts on the pace, form and efficiency of Uganda's urban transformation. Section two identifies how land policies, urban planning and transport constraints, and housing shortages are choking urbanization and the economy. Section three lays out a framework for prioritizing and sequencing urbanization policies. A statistical annex is also provided at the end
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This country note for Armenia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for three pilot countries in the Southern Caucasus Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Southern Caucasus Agricultural systems. This note for Armenia was shared with the government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a national awareness raising and consultation workshop, held in Yerevan in April 2012. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Armenian Ministry of Agriculture
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Early childhood development programs are particularly beneficial to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Effective investments in this area have the potential to reduce inequalities perpetuated by poverty, poor nutrition, and restricted learning opportunities. This report explores the gaps in early education and care experienced by Roma children between the ages of 3 and 6 in Eastern Europe, and looks at measures to close those gaps. Many Roma children lack a strong early learning and care support mechanism at home. The vast majority of Roma children grow up in poverty and many regularly go hungry. Their parents have minimal levels of education. This creates multiple disadvantages from malnutrition to limited early learning stimulation. The report points to four main policy measures to increase pre-school enrollment and improve early learning at home: (1) better inform parents on the benefits of preschool for children's later life outcomes; (2) promote inclusive pre-schools by reaching out to parents and by involving them more directly in pre-school with the help of Roma teaching assistants; (3) remove cost barriers possibly coupled with regular attendance subsidies. In addition: (4) support parenting at home. These conclusions follow from the finding that the vast majority of Roma parents wish their children to complete secondary education, but that many also stated a desire to raise children at home in their early years when asked why they did not enroll their children in preschool. The report also calls for systematic piloting with variations of different programs, and implementing randomized impact evaluations. Findings from impact evaluations can build public support for scale-up of proven programs. Finally, the report points out that ensuring that poor Roma and non-Roma children alike receive an equal start in life by investing in early childhood development is essential to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and is also smart economics
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Though well-established in the commercial sector, the use of market-based price risk management is not widespread in the public sector, particularly by sovereigns. Recent volatility in energy and food prices, however, has awakened the interest of some governments to learn more about how they can either use these tools, or foster supportive environment where these tools can be used by local supply chain actors. Equally important is ensuring that non-price related risks are isolated, monitored, and managed independent of direct price exposure. This note reviews lessons learned from recent efforts to advance risk management strategies in countries vulnerable to food and energy price shocks. It focuses specifically on the use of market-based risk management approaches and use by sovereigns. For governments concerned about the risk of food price shocks, the fiscal impact is equally complicated as governments may be concerned about the impact of rising food prices on consumers, the need to finance, and potentially supply, subsidies or social safety nets for vulnerable populations or, in extreme cases, humanitarian operations. In both cases, the costs of budget uncertainty and the need to finance responses in the event of a shock can be significant. Finally, though not typically used to manage specific intra-annual or intra-seasonal price exposures, commodity-linked loans or bonds can also be used to manage exposure to price shocks on a more macro level
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The post-2005 commodity price boom took place when most emerging-market economies (EMs) were experiencing strong and sustained economic growth, prompting numerous commentators to argue that a structural shift in the demand for commodities by emerging countries had occurred. Indeed, the size of China and India alone, which together account for 37 percent of the world's population, implies that even minor changes in their pattern of demand growth may have a measurable impact on world commodity prices. This note examines the role of demand by EMs for both extractive and food commodities. It concludes that a structural shift in metal demand has taken place, driven, for the most part, by China. Energy prices have also been influenced by EM demand. However, the role of demand for food commodities from EMs has been much less than what much of the literature argues
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: International food prices spiked for the second time in four years in early 2011, igniting concerns about a repeat of the 2008 food price crisis and its consequences for the poor. International food price uncertainty has also increased along with average levels. Although price volatility is an intrinsic characteristic of agricultural markets, it has increased markedly over the last five years, compared to the previous two and a half decades, even when controlling for inflation. More adverse weather conditions in the main producing regions, rising land and water constraints, and stronger linkages with more volatile oil prices, including through biofuels, tend to place upward pressure on food price volatility. These factors are likely to persist in the short-to medium-term suggesting that volatility may be higher in the future than that observed in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s. Episodes of high prices and extreme volatility create uncertainty that is a major threat to food security in developing countries. Farmers deciding what to plant, and countries deciding when to import, face significant uncertainty with respect to the distribution of future food prices. While producers who are net sellers have welcomed recent periods of high prices, uncertainty as to post-harvest prices is a disincentive to a strong supply response, especially in poorer developing countries. Finally, there is a need to improve the access of farmers to appropriate price risk management tools (financial services, including saving mobilization) to reduce the negative impact of price volatility on production decision and help ensure supply response to higher prices. Improving access to infrastructure, maintaining low inflation (precautionary savings), and financial sector development (reflective of risk management capacity) can help to reduce the negative effective effects of price volatility on production decisions
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Developed at the request of the Mexican G20 Presidency for consideration by the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at the G20 Leaders' Summit in Mexico, and jointly prepared with the Asian Development Bank, this policy paper positioned green transport in the context of cities development. Urban transport determines the shape of a city and its ecological footprint. Many cities in low and middle income countries are at a crossroads. Policy decisions taken now, while car use is still relatively low and cities retain a relatively transit friendly, compact urban form, will affect how people will live in their cities for many decades into the future. A new paradigm of urban transport can be part of the solution to reversing the deteriorating situation in some cities of developing countries, and supporting others to embark on a sustainable, low carbon, green growth path: developing a city for people rather than cars, and including public and mass transport as a major component of the modal structure. Implementing such a new paradigm can be truly transformational. This joint World Bank and Asian Development Bank paper lays out six aspects, which are most difficult to align, yet, are critical to ensure the sustainability of urban transport systems, visionary leadership, integrated strategy for land use and urban transport, coordination among agencies, domestic capacity, adequate cost recovery, and private participation in the operation and construction of urban transport systems. The paper proposes a set of new initiatives for G20 leaders' consideration, including the development of an umbrella toolkit to guide policy makers in charge of urban planning to make transport decisions best suited to their local contexts
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is structured as follows. Chapter one analyzes the performance of Kazakhstan s trade. Chapter two presents an overview of recent developments in Kazakhstan regional and international trade integration. Chapter three examines in detail key issues related to market access, focusing on non-tariff measures and trade facilitation and logistics. Chapter four examines the services sector and offers a roadmap for actions to enhance its competitiveness. Chapter five addresses building institutional capacity for the trade and competitiveness agenda. The report s recommendations are summarized in the following table. In order of the four main messages of the report, they cover balancing regional and international integration efforts, measures to improve access to inputs and export markets by reducing non-tariff barriers and through trade facilitation measures, raising the quality and efficiency of the services sector, and strengthening institutional capacity to implement an effective trade policy and competitiveness agenda
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Direct cash transfers for ...
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Macroeconomic growth and incomes have been on the rise since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC), but health service utilization and health outcomes in Indonesia have been slower to improve. Jamkesmas could provide valuable benefits by allowing cardholders to acquire preventative, curative, and catastrophic health care services without fees. When it promotes healthy households, keeps students active, alert, and participating in their education, returns adults to work sooner, and saves households from the high costs of healthcare, Jamkesmas' sizeable individual benefits should be matched by increased social benefits resulting from a healthy and productive population. Jamkesmas has been provided to poor households, but many non-poor have also received Jamkesmas benefits due to dual central and local targeting processes which have led to frequent mismatches and errors in coverage. Health service providers find Jamkesmas difficult and costly to implement resulting in fewer services provided, and funds spent, on Jamkesmas beneficiaries. Local regulations regarding public health center management often conflict with Jamkesmas mandates, leaving health service providers confused and unwilling to use Jamkesmas funds to provide Jamkesmas beneficiaries with planned services. The future costs of an improved Jamkesmas program have not been adequately publicized and Jamkesmas' financial, fiscal, and political sustainability is uncertain
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) program had a clear and modest objective: supplement consumption for poor households facing unprecedented price increases. In 2005 subsidy cuts raised household fuel prices by an average of over 125 percent with 88, 186, and 105 percent increases in gasoline, kerosene, and solar (diesel) fuels respectively. BLT, a direct cash transfer in four installments over one year, funded from the implied budgetary savings from subsidy reductions, was in many respects the most significant Government of Indonesia (GOI) response to these programmed increases in fuel prices. It was targeted to the poor households who were benefiting least from the old subsidy regime and most at risk from the negative impacts on consumption from price increases. A mostly-similar BLT was introduced again in 2008 when international crises in both financial markets and in food prices combined with another domestic reduction to fuel subsidies. BLT provided just-in-time cash assistance to households affected by an economic shock. BLT added cash amounts to a household's budget equal to approximately 15 percent of regular expenditures in 2005. These transfers were more than enough to cover increased expenditure on fuels. Benefits continued for one year as shocks from government policy reverberated through the rest of the macro-economy, allowing beneficiaries time to readjust spending patterns to new relative prices
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A new coalition government was formed in September 2012 following the collapse of the previous government at the end of August 2012. The Kyrgyz economy experienced a significant decline during the first half of 2012 caused by disrupted operations at the Kumtor gold mine. A decline in gold exports combined with a higher level of imports has increased the current account deficit. Expansionary fiscal policy during the first half of the year along with revenue weakness during the remainder of the year will widen the fiscal deficit to 6.1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 from 4.8 percent of GDP a year ago. The medium-term growth outlook is favorable although there are significant downside risks. There are also exogenous shocks that will need to be mitigated, including rising food prices, spillover effects from the Euro zone sovereign debt crisis, and a weak global economy
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2012, Kenya's economy has been on a tightrope. Policy makers have had to walk a fine line between stabilizing the economy and maintaining the growth momentum. While inflation has declined, the exchange rate stabilized, and the fiscal position improved, fundamental economic imbalances continue to make Kenya vulnerable to shocks. In the absence of economic and social turbulence, Kenya should grow at 5 percent in 2012 and 2013, which will still be substantially below its neighbors. Kenya has been benefitting from the integration and growth momentum in the East African Community (EAC), which has become one of the most vibrant economic regions in the world. However, despite impressive increases in trade between the five EAC partners in recent years, there is still a large untapped potential. EAC trade can increase several-fold if unnecessary restrictions in the trade of goods and services particularly nontariff barriers were removed
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of this report is to examine and propose options for policy design and implementation, based on a situational analysis for six Eastern Caribbean countries and a review of the lessons of other nations in prevention and control. A committed partner of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) countries, the World Bank is responding to their needs to address the increasing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) burden by providing this report. This report analyzes the situation, reviews lessons learnt in other countries in the prevention and control of major NCDs, and proposes policy options to address the challenges. Specifically, this report aims to provide policy makers with an overview of the NCDs and key risk factors in the region and make inter-country comparisons; assess the economic impact of key NCDs and risk factors where data are available; outline policy options and cost effective interventions for controlling major NCDs that are common to the OECS countries; and provide input for developing a regional health strategy. In the belief that powerful information can drive strategic action, the report aims to: raise awareness of the reality and consequences of failure to take strong action; and identify priority actions that are realistic and tangible for policy makers in developing strategies and allocating resources
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: After they achieved 2.2 percent growth in 2011, early indications are that the economies of the six countries in South East Europe (the SEE6: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), Kosovo, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) are slowing drastically and can expect just 1.1 percent growth in 2012. Economic conditions in the Euro zone are holding back economic activity and depressing government revenues in SEE6 countries. With both public debt and financing pressures high, most countries in the region need to embark on major fiscal consolidation programs if they are to reverse their adverse debt dynamics and avoid financing problems down the road. The good news is that in general the SEE6 financial sectors are still relatively well placed, despite elevated risks and vulnerability to adverse shocks, especially the possibility of contagion if the Greek crisis should intensify. The bad news is social: SEE6 countries have the highest unemployment and poverty rates in Europe. Yet even with the difficult short-term situation, SEE6 countries now have historic opportunity to board the European 'convergence train' and over the long term reduce their per capita income gap with developed European Union (EU) countries. All earlier entrants were able to 'catch up quickly.' In principle, the same 'convergence train' is now pulling into the EU candidate countries in SEE6; but these gains are not automatic, they will materialize only if country policies and reforms facilitate them. The long-term SEE6 structural reform agenda must leverage greater trade and financial integration and reform labor markets and the public sector
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Africa's growing demand for food has been met increasingly by imports from the global market. This, coupled with rising global food prices, brings ever-mounting food import bills. In addition, population growth and changing demand patterns will double demands over the next 10 years. Two key issues must be addressed: (a) establishing a consistent and stable policy environment for regional trade in fertilizers; and (b) investing in institutions that reduce the transaction costs of coordination failures. Many countries have enacted new fertilizer laws in recent years, but few have provided the resources to define and enforce regulations through standards and testing capacity. This report shows that reducing regulatory burdens on fertilizers and the consequent increase in use of fertilizers will have substantial impacts on returns to farmers, with consequent impacts on poverty. The report highlights the range of barriers to food trade in Africa along the entire value chain. The issues pertain to many ministries and agencies within government: trade, agricultural, health and safety, transport, and finance. This in turn requires a "whole of government' approach to freeing up food trade, which will require strong and effective leadership to articulate the rationale and sustain the momentum for reform. Leaders must also address the hard choices that will arise in dealing with the political economy constraints that have until now blocked the capacity of Africa to exploit its enormous potential to feed Africans
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Report on Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A), requested by the Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland, contributes to development of a comprehensive plan that will strengthen the institutional framework that underpins accounting and auditing practices in the country. ROSC A&A program is a part of the joint World Bank-International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiative on assisting member countries to strengthen their financial system by improving capacity to comply with important internationally recognized standards and codes. The initiative covers twelve areas that relate to: (a) policy transparency; (b) financial sector regulation and supervision, Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP); and (c) market integrity. ROSC A&A relate to market integrity and specifically reviews and makes recommendations for strengthening the framework for education and training for accountants, the capacity and services of a professional accountancy organization, regulatory framework governing accounting and auditing practices, the applicable accounting auditing and ethics standards and the extent of their implementation, and the regulatory institutions and mechanism for monitoring and enforcing compliance with the standards
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Abstract: Following the world food ...
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9780821394991 , 9780821395004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 387.1/640967
    Keywords: Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9780821395103 , 9780821395110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.5
    Keywords: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The 2012 edition of The Little Green Data Book introduces new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.109667
    Keywords: Health Policy ; Regional Health Planning economics ; Regional Health Planning organization & administration ; Health Policy ; Regional Health Planning ; Regional Health Planning
    Description / Table of Contents: Literature review on decentralizationRegulatory and policy framework on decentralization in Ghana -- Rapid assessment of local capacity and challenges -- Analysis of regional resource allocation -- Main challenges and policy options.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9780821396506 , 9780821397060
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: The urban development series
    DDC: 307.3/416
    Keywords: City planning ; Cultural property Economic aspects ; Historic sites Economic aspects ; Urban economics ; Urban renewal ; City planning ; Cultural property Economic aspects ; Historic sites Economic aspects ; Urban economics ; Urban renewal ; City planning ; Cultural property ; Historic sites ; Urban economics ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; Urban renewal
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821394517 , 0821395238 , 9780821394519 , 9780821395233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 169 p) , col. ill
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    Keywords: Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor
    Note: Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821395033 , 9780821395035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 194 p) , col. ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global financial development report 2013
    Keywords: Banks and banking Government policy ; Economic policy ; Finance Government policy ; Institutional economics ; State, The ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Economic policy ; Finance Government policy ; Institutional economics ; State, The
    Abstract: Global Financial Development Report 2013 is the first in a new World Bank series. It provides a unique contribution to financial sector policy debates, building on novel data, surveys, research, and wide-ranging country experience, with emphasis on emerging-market and developing economies. The global financial crisis has challenged conventional thinking on financial sector policies. Launched on the fourth anniversary of the Lehman Brothers collapse-a turning point in the crisis-this volume re-examines a basic question: what is the proper role of the state in financial development? To address the question, this report synthesizes new and existing evidence on the state's performance as financial sector regulator, overseer, promoter, and owner. It calls on state agencies to provide strong regulation and supervision and ensure healthy competition in the sector, and to support financial infrastructure, such as the quality and availability of credit information. It also warns that direct interventions-such as lending by state-owned banks, used in many countries to counteract the crisis-may end up being harmful. The report also tracks financial systems in more than 200 economies before and during the global financial crisis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-194)
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389683 , 9780821394618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 361.6
    Keywords: Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty ; Public works ; Government policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821382561 , 9780821389904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development ; Economic development projects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821397763 , 9780821397770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 614.5/99392
    Keywords: HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections Statistics prevention & control ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology ; World Health Statistics ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodologyUkraine case study -- Pakistan case study -- Thailand case study -- Kenya case study -- Policy perspectives.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9780821398029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation is about the nature and magnitude of the cost savings and other benefits of business license simplification in one of the central districts of Lima, Peru. IEG asked whether the project’s license simplification reform reduced costs and operating procedures and whether it increased business registration. The project was implemented from 2005 to 2007. Two evaluations done in 2007 and 2008-11 examined, respectively, whether the project led to reductions in time and procedures and whether it led to improved business outcomes. This evaluation reviewed both of those, collected additional data, and drew lessons for future operations. The evidence points to significant reductions in time, monetary costs, and business procedures for businesses that registered to obtain licenses. However, the greater formality of the business environment did not improve the enterprises’ access to financing, facilitate investment, or remove invisible barriers to business growth. These results have policy implications for formal business environments. Although there were not large positive effects for enterprise outcomes, enterprise owners and society overall gained through owners spending less time away from their firms to certify and register their firms. Such projects are sometimes promoted as a way to foster dynamic businesses, but the evidence in this report suggests that the more mundane time and cost savings are a significant part of the benefits. These results offer the promise of sharpening the understanding of the circumstances under which reforms may be viewed as a growth engine for a society; they also enable IFC to provide a more focused understanding of reasonable expectations for such projects. Based on these findings, IEG’s evaluation offers several recommendations about follow-up evaluations, investment in data collection, and developing a base of evidence to aid in setting expectations for projects
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    ISBN: 0821396153 , 9780821396155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 270 p) , ill, col. charts , 28 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Doing business 2013
    Keywords: Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation ; Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation
    Abstract: Tenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2013 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, closing a business, and employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2012, ranks economies on their overall "ease of doing business", and analyzes reforms to business regulation -- identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the global Doing Business report. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception. This year's report includes two new economies: Barbados and Malta
    Note: Cover: 'Comparing business regulations for domestic firms in 185 countries, 10th edition
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite decades of war and instability, Iraq's abundant natural resources, strategic geographic location and cultural history endow Iraq with tremendous potential for growth and diverse economic development. Driven by windfall oil revenues in recent years, the Government of Iraq has invested heavily in rebuilding the infrastructure of the country, and its abundant oil reserves ensure that progress can continue steadily. This report was initiated at the request of the Iraqi government to assess the local investment climate and identify those high priority factors which most significantly impede private sector development in Iraq, in an effort to prioritize the recommended investments, institutional and regulatory reforms which would most significantly contribute to sustainable private sector growth and increased productivity
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In August 2010, the Government of Vanuatu carried out early grade reading baseline assessments in English and Francophone schools with financial support from local education partners and technical assistance from the World Bank. The results of the Vanuatu Early Grade Reading Assessment (VANEGRA) are cause for concern. French language findings show that while most students develop some fundamental skills in grade levels 1, 2 and 3, by the end of grade 3, less than 1 in 4 students are able to develop fluency in reading to understand most of the text they read. The VANEGRA survey also collected data on the attributes of students, teachers and schools. Factors that were shown to be predictors of better reading performance in the early grades include: speaking French at home, owning the school textbook, having literate parents, having books at home, reading at school and at home, attending kindergarten, doing homework, and receiving help from a family member to do homework. Neither teacher experience nor in-service training showed statistical effects on student reading outcomes and two types of certification showed negative and statistically significant effects on student outcomes both in reading fluency and comprehension. VANEGRA also asked about use of seven reading instructional activities. Students who were never asked to learn the meaning of new words or practice grapheme sound correspondences showed negative and statistically significant effects. Conversely, students who were assigned reading daily in their own school time showed positive and statistically significant results. Lastly, VANEGRA asked about teacher expectations for students' reading performance. Interestingly, the fact that some teachers allowed students to consolidate some reading skills later than the median expectation was associated with better and statistically significant results. Based on the analysis presented, recommendations for improved reading instruction and greater parental involvement are presented at the end of the report
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Latin American and Caribbean Occasional Paper Series
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In Central America, cargo is transported almost entirely by road. The movement of imports and exports to and from international seaports is done by truck. Rail service is almost nonexistent and air transport serves less than one percent of the cargo generated within the Central American Common Market (SIECA, 2004). Intra-regional trade is much more important in Central America than it might seem at first glance. The second largest trading partner of Central America is the region itself. In 2010, one quarter of the exports from Central America were destined for final consumption within the region. Half of the exports of Central America (54 percent in 2010) correspond to agricultural products and a large proportion of them supply markets inside the region. Nearly 40 percent of intra-regional exports consist of food, beverages, animals and plants (SIECA, 2011). Perishable food products are transported on trucks, and spatially restricted by the geography and the road infrastructure. In this context, inefficiencies in the supply chain and delays in freight flows lead to economic losses and amplify the negative impact of the distance to the markets on trade. A gravity model of trade showed that the negative effect of distance1 on total intra-regional exports is 77 percent higher in Central America than in the European Union (World Bank, 2010). More precisely, an increase in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports in Central America by 1.65 percent. In terms of volume, the negative effect of distance within the region exceeds the effect in Europe by 50 percent in grains and up to 550 percent in processed food. In the latter case, an increase in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports of processed food in Central America by 2.88 percent
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Ireland has consistently supported workforce development (WfD) as a key element of economic development. This study has been commissioned by the World Bank to test a new instrument, within its Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)-WfD project, which provides an opportunity to benchmark this support and identify progress made over two decades from 1980-2000. This was a period of rapid expansion of Ireland's economy and major reform in WfD policies. The findings will assist other countries in identifying measures which have been effective in progressing aspects of workforce development within a framework of national human capital development and may also contribute to on-going policy dialogue on workforce development in Ireland. The tool is based on an analytical framework that identifies three functional dimensions of WfD policies and institutions: strategic framework, which refers to the praxis of advocacy, partnership, and coordination in relation to the objective of aligning WfD in critical areas to priorities for national development; system oversight, which refers to the arrangements governing funding, quality assurance and learning pathways that shape the incentives and information signals affecting the choices of individuals, employers, training providers and other stakeholders; and service delivery, which refers to the diversity, organization and management of training provision, both state and non-state, that deliver results on the ground by enabling individuals to acquire market-and job-relevant skills. These three dimensions constitute a closed policy-making loop and, when taken together, allow for analysis of the functioning of a WfD system as a whole. This report focuses specifically on policies in the area of WfD
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2012, the Mexican Presidency of the G20 introduced inclusive green growth as a cross-cutting priority on the G20 development agenda. The second meeting of the G20 Development Working Group (DWG), hosted by the Government of the Republic of Korea, took place in Seoul the 19th and 20th of March 2012. As agreed during the first DWG meeting, this second meeting focused on the priorities for their presidency in the first half of 2012: infrastructure, food security and inclusive green growth (IGG). At its Seoul meeting, the DWG also agreed that IGG co-facilitators and relevant international organizations (IOs) should work together in 2012 to develop a nonprescriptive good practices guide/toolkit on enabling national policy frameworks for inclusive green growth to support countries who voluntarily wish to design and implement affordable and inclusive green growth policies, with the aim of achieving sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The toolkit is organized as follows. First, the necessity of applying the different tools in the context of a broad inclusive green growth strategy is stressed, and a harmonized framework combining approaches and tools identified by all four IOs is set forth. Second, the document offers an overview of key tools that can be mobilized to implement an inclusive green growth strategy. Quick technical descriptions of these tools are offered along with suggested sources for further details. Finally, capacity building and knowledge sharing initiatives are presented, with the Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) highlighted as a powerful collaborative tool to advance policies for inclusive green economies
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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