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  • 2025-2025  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (478)
  • 1945-1949
  • 2012  (214)
  • 2010  (265)
  • World Bank  (405)
  • Human Relations Area Files, Inc  (73)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Egyptian fertility survey, 1980 (1983-)
    Cairo : The Agency
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    GBV
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Societal dynamics and fragility : engaging societies in responding to fragile situations (2012)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396568 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821397084 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821396568
    Edition: ISBN 9780821397084 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 305.5/12091724
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-9656-8
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The elderly and old age support in rural China (2012)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821386859 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821389034 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821386859
    Edition: ISBN 9780821389034 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.260951
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8685-9
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic mobility and the rise of the Latin American middle class (2012)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396346 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821397237 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821396346
    Edition: ISBN 9780821397237 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 305.5/5098
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-9634-6
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early child development in China : breaking the cycle of poverty and improving future competitiveness (2012)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395646 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821395653 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821395646
    Edition: ISBN 9780821395653 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.2310951
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-9564-6
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Economic mobility and the rise of the Latin American middle class (2012)
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396346
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 182 pages
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 305.5/5098
    Keywords: Wirtschaft ; Income ; Middle class ; Households Economic aspects ; Occupational mobility ; Social mobility ; Lateinamerika ; Latin America Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    BVB
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ascent after decline : regrowing global economies after the great recession (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389423 , 9780821389430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 ; Recessions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 ; Recessions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis ; Recessions ; 2008-2009 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8942-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate change, disaster risk, and the urban poor : cities building resilience for a changing world (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388457 , 9780821389607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Urban development
    DDC: 363.34/2
    Keywords: City planning Environmental aspects ; Climatic changes Effect of human beings on ; Climatic changes Social aspects ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban health ; Urban policy ; Urban poor ; City planning Environmental aspects ; Climatic changes Effect of human beings on ; Climatic changes Social aspects ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban health ; Urban policy ; Urban poor ; City planning ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Urban ecology (Sociology) ; Urban health ; Urban policy ; Urban poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8845-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public financial management reform in the Middle East and North Africa : an overview of regional experience (2012)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395295 , 9780821395301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.4/23670956
    Keywords: Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public ; Finance, Public
    Note: "Part I, Overview and summary, June 2010
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9529-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The right skills for the job? : rethinking training policies for workers (2012)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387146 , 9780821387153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Human development perspectives
    DDC: 658.3/124
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QV 240
    Keywords: Employees Training of ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Employees Training of ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Employees ; Manpower policy ; Training of ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Entwicklungsländer ; Berufliche Fortbildung ; Training on the job ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8714-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Skills for the 21st century in Latin America and the Caribbean (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389355 , 9780821389713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.4/737098
    Keywords: Education Economic aspects ; Education Economic aspects ; Wages ; Wages ; Education Economic aspects ; Education Economic aspects ; Wages ; Wages ; Education ; Education ; Wages ; Wages
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8971-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fighting corruption in public services : chronicling Georgia's reforms (2012)
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821394755 , 9780821394762
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 364.1/323094758
    Keywords: Corruption Prevention ; Municipal services Government policy ; Organizational effectiveness ; Corruption Prevention ; Municipal services Government policy ; Organizational effectiveness ; Corruption ; Municipal services ; Organizational effectiveness ; Georgia (Republic) ; Georgia (Republic) Politics and government 21st century ; Georgia (Republic) Politics and government 21st century
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsAbout this book -- Introduction -- Patrol police serving people -- Strengthening tax collections -- Cleaning up customs -- Ensuring power supply reliability -- Deregulating businesses -- Making public and civil registries work -- Cleaning up corruption in Georgia's university entrance examinations -- Decentralizing municipal services -- Conclusions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9475-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The cash dividend : the rise of cash transfer programs in Sub-Saharan Africa (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388976 , 9780821388983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 399.5/22
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Transfer payments Case studies ; Economic assistance ; Transfer payments Case studies ; Economic assistance ; Transfer payments ; Fallstudiensammlung
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8897-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Education in South Sudan : status and challenges for a new system (2012)
    Washington, DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388914 , 9780821388921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.9629
    Keywords: Education ; Education ; Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Background and contextOverall enrollment patterns -- Patterns of student flow -- Disparities in school participation -- Student learning and service delivery -- Education spending -- Teachers and teacher management in South Sudan -- Conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8891-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Some small countries do it better : rapid growth and its causes in Singapore, Ireland, and Finland (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388464 , 9780821389256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small Economic conditions ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small Economic conditions ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8846-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In from the shadow : integrating Europe's informal labor (2012)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395493 , 9780821395509
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) Taxation ; Taxation ; Informal sector (Economics) Taxation ; Taxation ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Taxation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9549-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Household energy access for cooking and heating : lessons learned and the way forward (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/13091724
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households ; Poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9604-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon capture and storage in developing countries : a perspective on barriers to deployment (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 628.5/32
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; Environmental policy
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9609-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Colombia urbanization review : amplifying the gains from the urban transition (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395226 , 9780821395240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/21609861
    Keywords: City planning ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; City planning ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; City planning ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; Colombia ; Colombia Economic conditions ; Colombia Economic conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Amplifying the gains from urbanizationCompetitiveness and connectivity across the Colombian urban system -- Interjurisdictional coordination -- Infrastructure finance.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9522-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reform by numbers : measurement applied to customs and tax administrations in developing countries (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397138 , 9780821397145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.4/4091724
    Keywords: Customs administration ; Tax administration and procedure ; Taxation ; Customs administration ; Tax administration and procedure ; Taxation ; Customs administration ; Tax administration and procedure ; Taxation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9713-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Geography of growth : spatial economics and competitiveness (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821394861 , 9780821394878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9173/2
    Keywords: Economic geography ; Space in economics ; Urban economics ; Economic geography ; Space in economics ; Urban economics ; Economic geography ; Space in economics ; Urban economics ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9486-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 657
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2012 is a pocket edition of the Global Financial Inclusion Index (Global Findex) database providing country-level indicators on the use of formal bank accounts, payments behavior, savings patterns, credit patterns, and insurance decisions. It provides data on financial inclusion by key demographic characteristics - gender, age, education, income, and rural or urban residence. The book includes summary pages for 147 economies and regional and income group averages
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9509-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.0112
    Abstract: This pocket-sized reference on key development data for over 200 countries provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators about people, environment, economy, technology and infrastructure, trade, and finance
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8992-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concentrating solar power in developing countries : regulatory and financial incentives for scaling up (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.792/3091724
    Keywords: Energy development ; Energy industries Finance ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power ; Energy development ; Energy industries Finance ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Renewable energy sources ; Solar power
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9607-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.905
    Abstract: One of a series of pocket-sized books that provide a quick reference to development data on different topics, 'The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012' provides data for more than 20 key indicators on the business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8995-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health financing in Ghana (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395660 , 9780821395677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 368.42009667
    Keywords: National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) ; National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care Finance ; Government policy ; National health insurance ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care Finance ; Government policy ; National health insurance ; National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; National health insurance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/9780821395660
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Living through crises : how the food, fuel, and financial shocks affect the poor (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389409 , 9780821394601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 339.4/6
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poor ; Social aspects ; Social aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8940-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inclusive green growth : the pathway to sustainable development (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395516 , 9780821395523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9/27
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Economic development ; Sustainable development ; Environmental aspects
    Description / Table of Contents: An analytical framework for green growthFostering environment-friendly behavioral change through market and non-market mechanisms -- Innovation and other industrial policies -- Human capital: implications of green growth policies for labor markets and job creation -- Natural capital -- Physical capital: the role of infrastructure in green growth strategies -- Crafting a green growth strategy.
    Note: "This report was written by a team led by Marianne Fay [... et al.] , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9551-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and performance of policy instruments to promote the development of renewable energy : emerging experience in selected developing countries (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396025
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/4091724
    Keywords: Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources ; Energy development ; Energy policy ; Renewable energy sources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9602-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 384
    Keywords: Atlas
    Abstract: This Little Data Book presents tables for over 213 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8996-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Green infrastructure finance : framework report (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.67/22
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationale for green infrastructure finance frameworkEconomic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9527-1
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    Children and youth in crisis : protecting and promoting human development in times of economic shocks (2012)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395479 , 9780821395486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.7
    Keywords: Business cycles Social aspects ; Child welfare Economic aspects ; Children Social conditions ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Youth Social conditions ; Business cycles Social aspects ; Child welfare Economic aspects ; Children Social conditions ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Youth Social conditions ; Business cycles ; Child welfare ; Children ; Financial crises ; Youth
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1956/978-0-8213-9547-9
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  • 33
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    Government-sponsored health insurance in India : are you covered? (2012)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396186 , 9780821396193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.10954
    Keywords: Delivery of Health Care economics ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs economics ; National Health Programs organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; National Health Programs
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the context : the development of health insurance in IndiaResults and cross-cutting issues -- Addressing GSHIS operational challenges -- Pragmatic pathways to universal coverage.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9618-6
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  • 34
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    Natural resource abundance, growth and diversification in MENA : the effects of natural resources and the role of policies (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.70956
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2
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  • 35
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    From right to reality : incentives, labor markets, and the challenge of universal social protection in Latin America and the Caribbean (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821386875 , 9780821386873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 423 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development forum series
    DDC: 331.1098
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographic references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8687-3
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  • 36
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    Regional economic integration in the Middle East and North Africa : beyond trade reform (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397268 , 9780821397299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 337.1/56
    Keywords: Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9726-8
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  • 37
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    Vietnam : Developing a Modern Pension System--Current Challenges and Options for Future Reform (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: With declining fertility and rising life expectancy, the Vietnamese population is expected to age rapidly, making the development of a modern social security system a pressing priority for Vietnam. The current system faces a number of major challenges, including low coverage rates in both the formal and informal sectors, inequities between different participant groups, lack of financial sustainability, and weak capacity for management and implementation of social insurance programs. Reforms are needed urgently to expand coverage, promote fairness, improve financial sustainability, and modernize the social security administration in order to help ensure income security for Vietnam's aging population in the coming decades. This note aims to contribute to the policy discussions around possible revisions to the social insurance code foreseen for 2013 by reviewing some of these challenges and possible reform options
    DOI: 10.1596/27225
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  • 38
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    Enhancing Carbon Stocks and Reducing CO2 Emissions in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Projects : Toolkit (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: There is global interest in promoting mitigation and adaptation in agriculture, forest, and other land-use (AFOLU) sectors to address the twin goals of climate change and sustainable development. This guideline deals with how to enhance carbon stocks in general in all land-based projects and its specific relationship with agriculture productivity. It outlines specific steps and procedures that need to be followed by project proponents and managers of land-based projects to enhance carbon stocks synergistically with increasing crop productivity. This guideline for carbon stock enhancement or CO2 emission reduction in agriculture and natural resource management (NRM) projects covering all land-use sectors presents two approaches. The first approach is a generic one covering all the land categories and interventions aimed at promoting the economic benefits (crop, timber, and non-timber wood product production, and employment or livelihood generation) and environmental benefits (soil and water conservation, land reclamation, and biodiversity protection) of a project, synergistically optimizing carbon stock enhancement as a co-benefit. The second approach provides guidelines for project developers to maximize project C-benefits along with promoting high-value cropping systems and production practices appropriate for a given agro-ecological region as well as to meet the needs of the local stakeholders, such as farmers or landless laborers. An illustration of the two approaches is presented at the end of the executive summary. The guidelines provide methods for selection and incorporation of carbon stock enhancement modules and practices along with methods for estimation and monitoring of carbon stock changes as well as assessment of social and economic implications of carbon enhancement (C-enhancement) interventions
    DOI: 10.1596/27117
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  • 39
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    Indonesia Economic Quarterly, April 2012 : Redirecting Spending (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Indonesia economic quarterly reports on and synthesizes the past three months' key developments in Indonesia's economy. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for Indonesia's economic and social welfare. Its coverage ranges from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. International developments continue to shape Indonesia's near-term economic outlook, but the focus of attention has shifted. In late 2011 the primary concern was the deteriorating and uncertain outlook for the global economy and financial markets. Since then there has been further evidence of the slowdown in global economic momentum but also some positive signs, such as from the US, and international financial market conditions have improved. The recent sharp rise in global oil prices has added a new dimension to the situation. In particular, it has increased the projected cost of Indonesia's fuel subsidies. With the benefits of these subsidies mainly going to the wealthier segments of the population, there is a clear need to redirect this spending to more pressing development needs
    DOI: 10.1596/27084
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  • 40
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    Mongolia Quarterly Economic Update, June 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's Mongolia quarterly economic update assesses recent economic and social developments and policies in Mongolia. It also presents findings of ongoing World Bank activities in Mongolia. The Mongolian economy is continuing to grow at a very rapid pace, expanding by 16.7 percent year-on-year (yoy) in first quarter (Q1). This high growth however, is also fuelling inflation which touched 16 percent in April, well above the Bank of Mongolia's (BoM) inflation target of 10 percent. Increasing government spending on wages and salaries, large cash handouts to the general population, and burgeoning capital expenditures are adding to the demand pressures. Meanwhile, the worsening global economic outlook, in particular a faster than expected slowdown in China, Mongolia's largest trading partner, has negatively impacted export growth, resulting in deterioration in external balances. Under these circumstances, the advice to Mongolian policy-makers is to 'hold your horses' and adopt a more cautious macro-economic stance, tightening both monetary and fiscal policy to prevent further over-heating of the economy. The global economic outlook has deteriorated considerably in recent months. Financial conditions in high-income Europe, higher oil prices, and, most importantly, the slowing Chinese economy pose risks for Mongolia. The channels through which these operate include financial and trade linkages namely volatility in commodity prices and through demand from China for its mineral exports. Indeed, signs of these are already visible as demonstrated by the decline in exports in April. Other financial market linkages should also not be discounted: Mongolia's banking system, which has shown signs of overheating over the past year, is highly dollarized, with about a third of deposits denominated in dollars and easy convertibility out of the Mongolia Togrog. A sharp economic slowdown and/or an increased macroeconomic instability could expose the liquidity and asset quality vulnerabilities in individual banks and system overall
    DOI: 10.1596/27241
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  • 41
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    Health Equity and Financial Protection in Malawi (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low-and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Malawi's government is committed to improving equity and financial protection in the health sector. Equity is explicitly mentioned as one of the four objectives in the Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP). The overall objective of the HSSP is to contribute towards Malawi's attainment of the health and related millennium development goals. The specific objectives of the HSSP are, therefore, to: 1) increase coverage of the high quality Essential Health Package (EHP) services; 2) reduce risk factors to health; 3) improve equity and efficiency in the delivery of quality EHP services; and 4) strengthen the performance of the health system to support delivery of EHP services. Malawi spends 6.2 per cent (2009) of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health. This is similar to the average spending in other lower income countries in Africa, which have spent an average of 6.5 per cent (2009) of their GDP on health. The central Ministry of health is responsible for the development and enforcement of health policy, regulation of the health sector, creation of standards and norms, allocation and management of resources, provision of technical support, coordination, and monitoring and evaluation
    DOI: 10.1596/27156
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  • 42
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    Health Equity and Financial Protection in Zambia (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report analyzes equity and financial protection in the health sector of Zambia. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2007 Zambia demographic and health survey, the 2006 Zambia living conditions monitoring survey, the 2003 Zambia world health survey and the 2003 Zambia national health accounts. All analyses are conducted using original survey data and employ the health modules of the ADePT software. Overall, health care financing in Zambia in 2006 was fairly progressive, i.e. the better-off spent a larger fraction of their consumption on health care than the poor. The financing sources that contribute to the overall progressivity of health care finance are general taxation, which finances 42 per cent of domestic spending on health, and contributions made by private employers, which finance 9 per cent of spending. An additional contribution to overall progressivity is made through pre-payment mechanisms, but this remains fairly limited given that they only represent 1 per cent of total health finance. Out-of-pocket health payments, which account for 47 per cent of total health financing, appear to be proportional to income, with only slight and not statistically significant evidence of progressivity
    DOI: 10.1596/27169
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    India Economic Update, March 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2011, India's economic growth has slowed to below 7 percent and the stock markets mirrored the weakening economic conditions, but recovered somewhat in early 2012. Industrial sector output growth briefly slipped into negative territory. On the demand side, fixed investment and consumption growth slowed. India's exports were growing very strongly through 2011 despite the worsening economic conditions in Europe, which continued to be India's most important export market. The balance of payments continued to be in surplus during April-September 2011, but the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reserves declined by a small amount since then. The rupee nevertheless depreciated by 20 percent between August and December, before recovering somewhat in early 2012. Macroeconomic policies presented a mixed picture: the central government is likely to miss the ambitious target for fiscal consolidation it had set in the FY2011-12 budget by about one percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Slippages are due to lower-than-expected revenues and increasing outlays on subsidies, which had been given low budgetary allocations in anticipation of strong policy changes, which failed to materialize. In India, the slowdown in GDP growth witnessed over the last two quarters is likely to extend into the coming fiscal year because of the weakness in investment. In FY2011-12 and FY2012-13, GDP growth is forecast to reach around 7-7.5 percent, a significant slowdown from the 9-10 percent growth in the run-up to the global financial crisis. The slowdown is at least partly caused by structural problems (power projects facing delays due to the lack of coal and gas feedstock, mining and the telecom sectors hit by corruption scandals, unavailability of land and infrastructure)
    DOI: 10.1596/27071
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  • 44
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    Bangladesh Economic Update, October 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite an unfavourable global economy, economic growth in Bangladesh is projected at close to 6 percent in fiscal 2013 (FY13). Adverse external demand and domestic supply constraints continue to be a drag on growth. Shortfalls in exports and investments due to a possible protracted crisis in the euro area and internal supply constraints may underpin the moderation of growth. Investment targets of the medium term budget framework 2013 to 2017 face major obstacles in shortage of electricity and gas supplies, and poorly functioning roads and ports. One positive prospect on the investment front is the increase in foreign direct investment in FY12, which surpassed the US
    DOI: 10.1596/27068
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  • 45
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    Soft Skills or Hard Cash? : What Works for Female Employment in Jordan? (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jordan faces extremely high levels of youth unemployment: 19 percent of male and 48 percent of female youth between the ages of 19 to 24 years old want to work but can't find jobs. For men, the transition from school to work is slow (on average 15 months), but for women the school to work transition often never takes place. In this context of high female unemployment and low female labor force participation, the Jordanian government, requested the World Bank's support to develop an employment pilot targeting female community college graduates in 2009. This pilot is part of a broader technical assistance program supporting the reform of the public community college system in Jordan. The objective of the Jordan New work Opportunities for Women (NOW) pilot was to increase female labor force participation and help women gain real world job experience. In particular, the hope was to improve information between firms and potential workers, create an opportunity to change negative stereotypes from firms and young women about women's role in the labor market, and improve soft skills and communication. Overall, the objectives of the Jordan NOW pilot were to increase labor force participation and to give young female graduates a chance to accrue some work experience
    DOI: 10.1596/26884
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  • 46
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    Aspirations on Hold : Young Lives in the West Bank and Gaza (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Seventy percent of West Bank and Gaza's population is under the age of 30, and their share will continue to grow in the years ahead. The aspirations and ambitions of this large and growing population of children and youth have the potential to define the future of the West Bank and Gaza. This assessment seeks to contribute to the understanding of factors driving the choices of young men and women at this critical juncture of their lives, with a particular emphasis on the roles that changing gender norms and the conflict environment are having on their aspirations for education, jobs, and forming families. Young Palestinians are moving into adulthood in a world surrounded by roadblocks and barriers, and gripped by soaring unemployment and uncertainty about what their futures may hold. Still, this generation remains optimistic and ambitious. They are pursuing high school and college degrees, and hanging on to expectations for better jobs and better lives than was possible for their parent's generation. In the face of such bleak prospects, why? What is driving these youth's aspirations for high levels of education and good jobs? To provide a broad context for the youth's testimonies, this report first takes stock of developments affecting the West Bank and Gaza over the past decade. In this period, the Palestinian territories witnessed two major episodes of conflict: the second intifada beginning in 2000 and the crisis in Gaza in 2007. Both episodes had severe and wide-ranging economic repercussions, and were accompanied by restrictions on internal and external mobility of people and goods. As a result, in the last decade, the West Bank and Gaza has witnessed economic volatility without parallel (even in comparison to countries affected by large financial crises), massive spikes in poverty, and some of the highest rates of unemployment in the world. Young people's unemployment rates are even higher, and much more so for young women. The youth's focus groups indicate that traditional gender norms remain very strong in their society, and mainly seem to be reinforced by the difficult conflict environment. Men's status as the breadwinners means that boys, especially from poor families, are likely to withdraw from school sooner than girls in order to take up income earning roles; and the weak economy intensifies these pressures
    DOI: 10.1596/26875
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  • 47
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    Public Expenditure Review Summary : Social Assistance Program and Public Expenditure Review 1 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Public expenditure on household-based social assistance (SA) in Indonesia has increased significantly since 2005. From a low base in the early 2000s, Indonesia's aggregate national public expenditures on SA permanently increased from 2005 after the central government allocated a portion of the savings from fuel subsidy reforms to a number of SA initiatives. In 2010, national expenditures on SA are estimated at Rp 29,709 billion (US
    DOI: 10.1596/27424
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    Planning for Uganda's Urbanization (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Uganda has started its journey into urbanization and economic development. The pace of urbanization is picking up currently at 4.5 percent per year, and likely to accelerate with rising incomes. The economic benefits from urban growth will come from exploiting economies of scale and agglomeration and by increasing fluidity in factor markets that enable substitution between land and non land inputs. Uganda's urban transformation is occurring in a period of particular flux a changing climate is likely to adversely influence rain fed agriculture, which will have bearing on the prospects of small towns that serve as interlocutors with the rural economy. At the other end, closer economic integration in East Africa will increase the reach of the country's largest metropolis, but place it in direct competition with other metropolises in the region. As prices of tradable converge in an open economy, considerable thought and effort will be needed to reduce the prices of non tradable services that can help maintain economic competitiveness. Policymakers both at the national and local levels need to see themselves as change managers who encourage flexibility in how Uganda's towns and cities respond to emerging needs of business and households. Planning ahead is important, but not locking settlements into today's market needs becomes even more important. What are policy priorities to harness economic and social aims from urbanization? This policy note is organized in three sections to answer this question. The first section provides stylized facts on the pace, form and efficiency of Uganda's urban transformation. Section two identifies how land policies, urban planning and transport constraints, and housing shortages are choking urbanization and the economy. Section three lays out a framework for prioritizing and sequencing urbanization policies. A statistical annex is also provided at the end
    DOI: 10.1596/27439
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    The Republic of Armenia Climate Change and Agriculture Country Note (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This country note for Armenia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for three pilot countries in the Southern Caucasus Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Southern Caucasus Agricultural systems. This note for Armenia was shared with the government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a national awareness raising and consultation workshop, held in Yerevan in April 2012. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Armenian Ministry of Agriculture
    DOI: 10.1596/27435
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  • 50
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    Toward an Equal Start : Closing the Early Learning Gap for Roma Children in Eastern Europe (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Early childhood development programs are particularly beneficial to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Effective investments in this area have the potential to reduce inequalities perpetuated by poverty, poor nutrition, and restricted learning opportunities. This report explores the gaps in early education and care experienced by Roma children between the ages of 3 and 6 in Eastern Europe, and looks at measures to close those gaps. Many Roma children lack a strong early learning and care support mechanism at home. The vast majority of Roma children grow up in poverty and many regularly go hungry. Their parents have minimal levels of education. This creates multiple disadvantages from malnutrition to limited early learning stimulation. The report points to four main policy measures to increase pre-school enrollment and improve early learning at home: (1) better inform parents on the benefits of preschool for children's later life outcomes; (2) promote inclusive pre-schools by reaching out to parents and by involving them more directly in pre-school with the help of Roma teaching assistants; (3) remove cost barriers possibly coupled with regular attendance subsidies. In addition: (4) support parenting at home. These conclusions follow from the finding that the vast majority of Roma parents wish their children to complete secondary education, but that many also stated a desire to raise children at home in their early years when asked why they did not enroll their children in preschool. The report also calls for systematic piloting with variations of different programs, and implementing randomized impact evaluations. Findings from impact evaluations can build public support for scale-up of proven programs. Finally, the report points out that ensuring that poor Roma and non-Roma children alike receive an equal start in life by investing in early childhood development is essential to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and is also smart economics
    DOI: 10.1596/27220
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  • 51
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    Market-Based Approaches to Managing Commodity Price Risk (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Though well-established in the commercial sector, the use of market-based price risk management is not widespread in the public sector, particularly by sovereigns. Recent volatility in energy and food prices, however, has awakened the interest of some governments to learn more about how they can either use these tools, or foster supportive environment where these tools can be used by local supply chain actors. Equally important is ensuring that non-price related risks are isolated, monitored, and managed independent of direct price exposure. This note reviews lessons learned from recent efforts to advance risk management strategies in countries vulnerable to food and energy price shocks. It focuses specifically on the use of market-based risk management approaches and use by sovereigns. For governments concerned about the risk of food price shocks, the fiscal impact is equally complicated as governments may be concerned about the impact of rising food prices on consumers, the need to finance, and potentially supply, subsidies or social safety nets for vulnerable populations or, in extreme cases, humanitarian operations. In both cases, the costs of budget uncertainty and the need to finance responses in the event of a shock can be significant. Finally, though not typically used to manage specific intra-annual or intra-seasonal price exposures, commodity-linked loans or bonds can also be used to manage exposure to price shocks on a more macro level
    DOI: 10.1596/27114
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    The Role of Emerging-Market Economy Demand during the Post-2005 Boom (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The post-2005 commodity price boom took place when most emerging-market economies (EMs) were experiencing strong and sustained economic growth, prompting numerous commentators to argue that a structural shift in the demand for commodities by emerging countries had occurred. Indeed, the size of China and India alone, which together account for 37 percent of the world's population, implies that even minor changes in their pattern of demand growth may have a measurable impact on world commodity prices. This note examines the role of demand by EMs for both extractive and food commodities. It concludes that a structural shift in metal demand has taken place, driven, for the most part, by China. Energy prices have also been influenced by EM demand. However, the role of demand for food commodities from EMs has been much less than what much of the literature argues
    DOI: 10.1596/27113
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    Facilitating Short and Longer-Term Supply Response to Higher and More Volatile Food Prices (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: International food prices spiked for the second time in four years in early 2011, igniting concerns about a repeat of the 2008 food price crisis and its consequences for the poor. International food price uncertainty has also increased along with average levels. Although price volatility is an intrinsic characteristic of agricultural markets, it has increased markedly over the last five years, compared to the previous two and a half decades, even when controlling for inflation. More adverse weather conditions in the main producing regions, rising land and water constraints, and stronger linkages with more volatile oil prices, including through biofuels, tend to place upward pressure on food price volatility. These factors are likely to persist in the short-to medium-term suggesting that volatility may be higher in the future than that observed in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s. Episodes of high prices and extreme volatility create uncertainty that is a major threat to food security in developing countries. Farmers deciding what to plant, and countries deciding when to import, face significant uncertainty with respect to the distribution of future food prices. While producers who are net sellers have welcomed recent periods of high prices, uncertainty as to post-harvest prices is a disincentive to a strong supply response, especially in poorer developing countries. Finally, there is a need to improve the access of farmers to appropriate price risk management tools (financial services, including saving mobilization) to reduce the negative impact of price volatility on production decision and help ensure supply response to higher prices. Improving access to infrastructure, maintaining low inflation (precautionary savings), and financial sector development (reflective of risk management capacity) can help to reduce the negative effective effects of price volatility on production decisions
    DOI: 10.1596/27122
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    Urban Mass Transport Infrastructure in Medium and Large Cities in Developing Countries (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Developed at the request of the Mexican G20 Presidency for consideration by the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at the G20 Leaders' Summit in Mexico, and jointly prepared with the Asian Development Bank, this policy paper positioned green transport in the context of cities development. Urban transport determines the shape of a city and its ecological footprint. Many cities in low and middle income countries are at a crossroads. Policy decisions taken now, while car use is still relatively low and cities retain a relatively transit friendly, compact urban form, will affect how people will live in their cities for many decades into the future. A new paradigm of urban transport can be part of the solution to reversing the deteriorating situation in some cities of developing countries, and supporting others to embark on a sustainable, low carbon, green growth path: developing a city for people rather than cars, and including public and mass transport as a major component of the modal structure. Implementing such a new paradigm can be truly transformational. This joint World Bank and Asian Development Bank paper lays out six aspects, which are most difficult to align, yet, are critical to ensure the sustainability of urban transport systems, visionary leadership, integrated strategy for land use and urban transport, coordination among agencies, domestic capacity, adequate cost recovery, and private participation in the operation and construction of urban transport systems. The paper proposes a set of new initiatives for G20 leaders' consideration, including the development of an umbrella toolkit to guide policy makers in charge of urban planning to make transport decisions best suited to their local contexts
    DOI: 10.1596/26743
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    Kazakhstan : Taking Advantage of Trade and Openness for Development (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is structured as follows. Chapter one analyzes the performance of Kazakhstan s trade. Chapter two presents an overview of recent developments in Kazakhstan regional and international trade integration. Chapter three examines in detail key issues related to market access, focusing on non-tariff measures and trade facilitation and logistics. Chapter four examines the services sector and offers a roadmap for actions to enhance its competitiveness. Chapter five addresses building institutional capacity for the trade and competitiveness agenda. The report s recommendations are summarized in the following table. In order of the four main messages of the report, they cover balancing regional and international integration efforts, measures to improve access to inputs and export markets by reducing non-tariff barriers and through trade facilitation measures, raising the quality and efficiency of the services sector, and strengthening institutional capacity to implement an effective trade policy and competitiveness agenda
    DOI: 10.1596/26850
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    JSLU, JSPACA, PKSA : Cash and In-Kind Transfers for At-Risk Youth, the Disabled, and Vulnerable Elderly (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Direct cash transfers for ...
    DOI: 10.1596/26693
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    Jamkesmas Health Service Fee Waiver (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Macroeconomic growth and incomes have been on the rise since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC), but health service utilization and health outcomes in Indonesia have been slower to improve. Jamkesmas could provide valuable benefits by allowing cardholders to acquire preventative, curative, and catastrophic health care services without fees. When it promotes healthy households, keeps students active, alert, and participating in their education, returns adults to work sooner, and saves households from the high costs of healthcare, Jamkesmas' sizeable individual benefits should be matched by increased social benefits resulting from a healthy and productive population. Jamkesmas has been provided to poor households, but many non-poor have also received Jamkesmas benefits due to dual central and local targeting processes which have led to frequent mismatches and errors in coverage. Health service providers find Jamkesmas difficult and costly to implement resulting in fewer services provided, and funds spent, on Jamkesmas beneficiaries. Local regulations regarding public health center management often conflict with Jamkesmas mandates, leaving health service providers confused and unwilling to use Jamkesmas funds to provide Jamkesmas beneficiaries with planned services. The future costs of an improved Jamkesmas program have not been adequately publicized and Jamkesmas' financial, fiscal, and political sustainability is uncertain
    DOI: 10.1596/26696
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    BLT Temporary Unconditional Cash Transfer (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) program had a clear and modest objective: supplement consumption for poor households facing unprecedented price increases. In 2005 subsidy cuts raised household fuel prices by an average of over 125 percent with 88, 186, and 105 percent increases in gasoline, kerosene, and solar (diesel) fuels respectively. BLT, a direct cash transfer in four installments over one year, funded from the implied budgetary savings from subsidy reductions, was in many respects the most significant Government of Indonesia (GOI) response to these programmed increases in fuel prices. It was targeted to the poor households who were benefiting least from the old subsidy regime and most at risk from the negative impacts on consumption from price increases. A mostly-similar BLT was introduced again in 2008 when international crises in both financial markets and in food prices combined with another domestic reduction to fuel subsidies. BLT provided just-in-time cash assistance to households affected by an economic shock. BLT added cash amounts to a household's budget equal to approximately 15 percent of regular expenditures in 2005. These transfers were more than enough to cover increased expenditure on fuels. Benefits continued for one year as shocks from government policy reverberated through the rest of the macro-economy, allowing beneficiaries time to readjust spending patterns to new relative prices
    DOI: 10.1596/26698
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    Kyrgyz Republic : Gold is Not Enough (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A new coalition government was formed in September 2012 following the collapse of the previous government at the end of August 2012. The Kyrgyz economy experienced a significant decline during the first half of 2012 caused by disrupted operations at the Kumtor gold mine. A decline in gold exports combined with a higher level of imports has increased the current account deficit. Expansionary fiscal policy during the first half of the year along with revenue weakness during the remainder of the year will widen the fiscal deficit to 6.1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 from 4.8 percent of GDP a year ago. The medium-term growth outlook is favorable although there are significant downside risks. There are also exogenous shocks that will need to be mitigated, including rising food prices, spillover effects from the Euro zone sovereign debt crisis, and a weak global economy
    DOI: 10.1596/26661
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    Kenya Economic Update, June 2012 : Walking on a Tightrope--Rebalancing Kenya's Economy with a Special Focus on Regional Integration (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2012, Kenya's economy has been on a tightrope. Policy makers have had to walk a fine line between stabilizing the economy and maintaining the growth momentum. While inflation has declined, the exchange rate stabilized, and the fiscal position improved, fundamental economic imbalances continue to make Kenya vulnerable to shocks. In the absence of economic and social turbulence, Kenya should grow at 5 percent in 2012 and 2013, which will still be substantially below its neighbors. Kenya has been benefitting from the integration and growth momentum in the East African Community (EAC), which has become one of the most vibrant economic regions in the world. However, despite impressive increases in trade between the five EAC partners in recent years, there is still a large untapped potential. EAC trade can increase several-fold if unnecessary restrictions in the trade of goods and services particularly nontariff barriers were removed
    DOI: 10.1596/26666
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    The Growing Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Caribbean (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of this report is to examine and propose options for policy design and implementation, based on a situational analysis for six Eastern Caribbean countries and a review of the lessons of other nations in prevention and control. A committed partner of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) countries, the World Bank is responding to their needs to address the increasing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) burden by providing this report. This report analyzes the situation, reviews lessons learnt in other countries in the prevention and control of major NCDs, and proposes policy options to address the challenges. Specifically, this report aims to provide policy makers with an overview of the NCDs and key risk factors in the region and make inter-country comparisons; assess the economic impact of key NCDs and risk factors where data are available; outline policy options and cost effective interventions for controlling major NCDs that are common to the OECS countries; and provide input for developing a regional health strategy. In the belief that powerful information can drive strategic action, the report aims to: raise awareness of the reality and consequences of failure to take strong action; and identify priority actions that are realistic and tangible for policy makers in developing strategies and allocating resources
    DOI: 10.1596/26867
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    South East Europe Regular Economic Report, June 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: After they achieved 2.2 percent growth in 2011, early indications are that the economies of the six countries in South East Europe (the SEE6: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), Kosovo, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) are slowing drastically and can expect just 1.1 percent growth in 2012. Economic conditions in the Euro zone are holding back economic activity and depressing government revenues in SEE6 countries. With both public debt and financing pressures high, most countries in the region need to embark on major fiscal consolidation programs if they are to reverse their adverse debt dynamics and avoid financing problems down the road. The good news is that in general the SEE6 financial sectors are still relatively well placed, despite elevated risks and vulnerability to adverse shocks, especially the possibility of contagion if the Greek crisis should intensify. The bad news is social: SEE6 countries have the highest unemployment and poverty rates in Europe. Yet even with the difficult short-term situation, SEE6 countries now have historic opportunity to board the European 'convergence train' and over the long term reduce their per capita income gap with developed European Union (EU) countries. All earlier entrants were able to 'catch up quickly.' In principle, the same 'convergence train' is now pulling into the EU candidate countries in SEE6; but these gains are not automatic, they will materialize only if country policies and reforms facilitate them. The long-term SEE6 structural reform agenda must leverage greater trade and financial integration and reform labor markets and the public sector
    DOI: 10.1596/11888
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    Africa Can Help Feed Africa : Removing Barriers to Regional Trade in Food Staples (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Africa's growing demand for food has been met increasingly by imports from the global market. This, coupled with rising global food prices, brings ever-mounting food import bills. In addition, population growth and changing demand patterns will double demands over the next 10 years. Two key issues must be addressed: (a) establishing a consistent and stable policy environment for regional trade in fertilizers; and (b) investing in institutions that reduce the transaction costs of coordination failures. Many countries have enacted new fertilizer laws in recent years, but few have provided the resources to define and enforce regulations through standards and testing capacity. This report shows that reducing regulatory burdens on fertilizers and the consequent increase in use of fertilizers will have substantial impacts on returns to farmers, with consequent impacts on poverty. The report highlights the range of barriers to food trade in Africa along the entire value chain. The issues pertain to many ministries and agencies within government: trade, agricultural, health and safety, transport, and finance. This in turn requires a "whole of government' approach to freeing up food trade, which will require strong and effective leadership to articulate the rationale and sustain the momentum for reform. Leaders must also address the hard choices that will arise in dealing with the political economy constraints that have until now blocked the capacity of Africa to exploit its enormous potential to feed Africans
    DOI: 10.1596/26078
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    Swaziland Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Report on Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A), requested by the Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland, contributes to development of a comprehensive plan that will strengthen the institutional framework that underpins accounting and auditing practices in the country. ROSC A&A program is a part of the joint World Bank-International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiative on assisting member countries to strengthen their financial system by improving capacity to comply with important internationally recognized standards and codes. The initiative covers twelve areas that relate to: (a) policy transparency; (b) financial sector regulation and supervision, Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP); and (c) market integrity. ROSC A&A relate to market integrity and specifically reviews and makes recommendations for strengthening the framework for education and training for accountants, the capacity and services of a professional accountancy organization, regulatory framework governing accounting and auditing practices, the applicable accounting auditing and ethics standards and the extent of their implementation, and the regulatory institutions and mechanism for monitoring and enforcing compliance with the standards
    DOI: 10.1596/25728
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    Responding to Higher and More Volatile World Food Prices (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Abstract: Following the world food ...
    DOI: 10.1596/12950
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Why does cargo spend weeks in Sub-Saharan African ports? : lessons from six case countries (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821394991 , 9780821395004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 387.1/640967
    Keywords: Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Business logistics ; Freight and freightage ; Shipping ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9499-1
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    Streamlining non-tariff measures : a toolkit for policymakers (2012)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395103 , 9780821395110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.5
    Keywords: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers ; Commercial policy ; Foreign trade regulation ; Non-tariff trade barriers
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9510-3
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    The Little Green Data Book 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The 2012 edition of The Little Green Data Book introduces new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8993-5
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    Governance and decentralization in the Ghana health sector (2012)
    Washington DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.109667
    Keywords: Health Policy ; Regional Health Planning economics ; Regional Health Planning organization & administration ; Health Policy ; Regional Health Planning ; Regional Health Planning
    Description / Table of Contents: Literature review on decentralizationRegulatory and policy framework on decentralization in Ghana -- Rapid assessment of local capacity and challenges -- Analysis of regional resource allocation -- Main challenges and policy options.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9589-9
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    Economics of uniqueness : investing in historic city cores and cultural heritage assets for sustainable development (2012)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396506 , 9780821397060
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: The urban development series
    DDC: 307.3/416
    Keywords: City planning ; Cultural property Economic aspects ; Historic sites Economic aspects ; Urban economics ; Urban renewal ; City planning ; Cultural property Economic aspects ; Historic sites Economic aspects ; Urban economics ; Urban renewal ; City planning ; Cultural property ; Historic sites ; Urban economics ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; Urban renewal
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9650-6
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    Food prices, nutrition, and the millenium development goals (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821394517 , 0821395238 , 9780821394519 , 9780821395233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 169 p) , col. ill
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    Keywords: Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor
    Note: Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9451-9
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    Rethinking the role of the state in finance (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821395033 , 9780821395035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 194 p) , col. ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global financial development report 2013
    Keywords: Banks and banking Government policy ; Economic policy ; Finance Government policy ; Institutional economics ; State, The ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Economic policy ; Finance Government policy ; Institutional economics ; State, The
    Abstract: Global Financial Development Report 2013 is the first in a new World Bank series. It provides a unique contribution to financial sector policy debates, building on novel data, surveys, research, and wide-ranging country experience, with emphasis on emerging-market and developing economies. The global financial crisis has challenged conventional thinking on financial sector policies. Launched on the fourth anniversary of the Lehman Brothers collapse-a turning point in the crisis-this volume re-examines a basic question: what is the proper role of the state in financial development? To address the question, this report synthesizes new and existing evidence on the state's performance as financial sector regulator, overseer, promoter, and owner. It calls on state agencies to provide strong regulation and supervision and ensure healthy competition in the sector, and to support financial infrastructure, such as the quality and availability of credit information. It also warns that direct interventions-such as lending by state-owned banks, used in many countries to counteract the crisis-may end up being harmful. The report also tracks financial systems in more than 200 economies before and during the global financial crisis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-194)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9503-5
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    Public works as a safety net : design, evidence, and implementation (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389683 , 9780821394618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 361.6
    Keywords: Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty ; Public works ; Government policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8968-3
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    Localizing development : does participation work? (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821382561 , 9780821389904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development ; Economic development projects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8256-1
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    The global HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397763 , 9780821397770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 614.5/99392
    Keywords: HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections Statistics prevention & control ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology ; World Health Statistics ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodologyUkraine case study -- Pakistan case study -- Thailand case study -- Kenya case study -- Policy perspectives.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9776-3
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    Impact Evaluation of Business License Simplification in Peru : An Independent Assessment of an International Finance Corporation-Supported Project (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821398029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation is about the nature and magnitude of the cost savings and other benefits of business license simplification in one of the central districts of Lima, Peru. IEG asked whether the project’s license simplification reform reduced costs and operating procedures and whether it increased business registration. The project was implemented from 2005 to 2007. Two evaluations done in 2007 and 2008-11 examined, respectively, whether the project led to reductions in time and procedures and whether it led to improved business outcomes. This evaluation reviewed both of those, collected additional data, and drew lessons for future operations. The evidence points to significant reductions in time, monetary costs, and business procedures for businesses that registered to obtain licenses. However, the greater formality of the business environment did not improve the enterprises’ access to financing, facilitate investment, or remove invisible barriers to business growth. These results have policy implications for formal business environments. Although there were not large positive effects for enterprise outcomes, enterprise owners and society overall gained through owners spending less time away from their firms to certify and register their firms. Such projects are sometimes promoted as a way to foster dynamic businesses, but the evidence in this report suggests that the more mundane time and cost savings are a significant part of the benefits. These results offer the promise of sharpening the understanding of the circumstances under which reforms may be viewed as a growth engine for a society; they also enable IFC to provide a more focused understanding of reasonable expectations for such projects. Based on these findings, IEG’s evaluation offers several recommendations about follow-up evaluations, investment in data collection, and developing a base of evidence to aid in setting expectations for projects
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9801-2
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    Doing business 2013 : smarter regulations for small and medium-size enterprises (2012)
    Washington, D. C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821396153 , 9780821396155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 270 p) , ill, col. charts , 28 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Doing business 2013
    Keywords: Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation ; Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation
    Abstract: Tenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2013 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, closing a business, and employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2012, ranks economies on their overall "ease of doing business", and analyzes reforms to business regulation -- identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the global Doing Business report. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception. This year's report includes two new economies: Barbados and Malta
    Note: Cover: 'Comparing business regulations for domestic firms in 185 countries, 10th edition
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9615-5
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    Iraq Investment Climate Assessment 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite decades of war and instability, Iraq's abundant natural resources, strategic geographic location and cultural history endow Iraq with tremendous potential for growth and diverse economic development. Driven by windfall oil revenues in recent years, the Government of Iraq has invested heavily in rebuilding the infrastructure of the country, and its abundant oil reserves ensure that progress can continue steadily. This report was initiated at the request of the Iraqi government to assess the local investment climate and identify those high priority factors which most significantly impede private sector development in Iraq, in an effort to prioritize the recommended investments, institutional and regulatory reforms which would most significantly contribute to sustainable private sector growth and increased productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/28566
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    Vanuatu Early Grade Reading Assessment Baseline Survey : Francophone Stream Results Report (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In August 2010, the Government of Vanuatu carried out early grade reading baseline assessments in English and Francophone schools with financial support from local education partners and technical assistance from the World Bank. The results of the Vanuatu Early Grade Reading Assessment (VANEGRA) are cause for concern. French language findings show that while most students develop some fundamental skills in grade levels 1, 2 and 3, by the end of grade 3, less than 1 in 4 students are able to develop fluency in reading to understand most of the text they read. The VANEGRA survey also collected data on the attributes of students, teachers and schools. Factors that were shown to be predictors of better reading performance in the early grades include: speaking French at home, owning the school textbook, having literate parents, having books at home, reading at school and at home, attending kindergarten, doing homework, and receiving help from a family member to do homework. Neither teacher experience nor in-service training showed statistical effects on student reading outcomes and two types of certification showed negative and statistically significant effects on student outcomes both in reading fluency and comprehension. VANEGRA also asked about use of seven reading instructional activities. Students who were never asked to learn the meaning of new words or practice grapheme sound correspondences showed negative and statistically significant effects. Conversely, students who were assigned reading daily in their own school time showed positive and statistically significant results. Lastly, VANEGRA asked about teacher expectations for students' reading performance. Interestingly, the fact that some teachers allowed students to consolidate some reading skills later than the median expectation was associated with better and statistically significant results. Based on the analysis presented, recommendations for improved reading instruction and greater parental involvement are presented at the end of the report
    DOI: 10.1596/27826
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    Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Latin American and Caribbean Occasional Paper Series
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In Central America, cargo is transported almost entirely by road. The movement of imports and exports to and from international seaports is done by truck. Rail service is almost nonexistent and air transport serves less than one percent of the cargo generated within the Central American Common Market (SIECA, 2004). Intra-regional trade is much more important in Central America than it might seem at first glance. The second largest trading partner of Central America is the region itself. In 2010, one quarter of the exports from Central America were destined for final consumption within the region. Half of the exports of Central America (54 percent in 2010) correspond to agricultural products and a large proportion of them supply markets inside the region. Nearly 40 percent of intra-regional exports consist of food, beverages, animals and plants (SIECA, 2011). Perishable food products are transported on trucks, and spatially restricted by the geography and the road infrastructure. In this context, inefficiencies in the supply chain and delays in freight flows lead to economic losses and amplify the negative impact of the distance to the markets on trade. A gravity model of trade showed that the negative effect of distance1 on total intra-regional exports is 77 percent higher in Central America than in the European Union (World Bank, 2010). More precisely, an increase in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports in Central America by 1.65 percent. In terms of volume, the negative effect of distance within the region exceeds the effect in Europe by 50 percent in grains and up to 550 percent in processed food. In the latter case, an increase in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports of processed food in Central America by 2.88 percent
    DOI: 10.1596/27230
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    Ireland Workforce Development : SABER Multiyear Country Report 2012 (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Ireland has consistently supported workforce development (WfD) as a key element of economic development. This study has been commissioned by the World Bank to test a new instrument, within its Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)-WfD project, which provides an opportunity to benchmark this support and identify progress made over two decades from 1980-2000. This was a period of rapid expansion of Ireland's economy and major reform in WfD policies. The findings will assist other countries in identifying measures which have been effective in progressing aspects of workforce development within a framework of national human capital development and may also contribute to on-going policy dialogue on workforce development in Ireland. The tool is based on an analytical framework that identifies three functional dimensions of WfD policies and institutions: strategic framework, which refers to the praxis of advocacy, partnership, and coordination in relation to the objective of aligning WfD in critical areas to priorities for national development; system oversight, which refers to the arrangements governing funding, quality assurance and learning pathways that shape the incentives and information signals affecting the choices of individuals, employers, training providers and other stakeholders; and service delivery, which refers to the diversity, organization and management of training provision, both state and non-state, that deliver results on the ground by enabling individuals to acquire market-and job-relevant skills. These three dimensions constitute a closed policy-making loop and, when taken together, allow for analysis of the functioning of a WfD system as a whole. This report focuses specifically on policies in the area of WfD
    DOI: 10.1596/27077
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    A Toolkit of Policy Options to Support Inclusive Green Growth (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2012, the Mexican Presidency of the G20 introduced inclusive green growth as a cross-cutting priority on the G20 development agenda. The second meeting of the G20 Development Working Group (DWG), hosted by the Government of the Republic of Korea, took place in Seoul the 19th and 20th of March 2012. As agreed during the first DWG meeting, this second meeting focused on the priorities for their presidency in the first half of 2012: infrastructure, food security and inclusive green growth (IGG). At its Seoul meeting, the DWG also agreed that IGG co-facilitators and relevant international organizations (IOs) should work together in 2012 to develop a nonprescriptive good practices guide/toolkit on enabling national policy frameworks for inclusive green growth to support countries who voluntarily wish to design and implement affordable and inclusive green growth policies, with the aim of achieving sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The toolkit is organized as follows. First, the necessity of applying the different tools in the context of a broad inclusive green growth strategy is stressed, and a harmonized framework combining approaches and tools identified by all four IOs is set forth. Second, the document offers an overview of key tools that can be mobilized to implement an inclusive green growth strategy. Quick technical descriptions of these tools are offered along with suggested sources for further details. Finally, capacity building and knowledge sharing initiatives are presented, with the Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) highlighted as a powerful collaborative tool to advance policies for inclusive green economies
    DOI: 10.1596/27097
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    Incorporating Green Growth and Sustainable Development Policies into Structural Reform Agendas (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report examines how green growth and sustainable development policies can be incorporated into structural reform agendas. Indeed, as demonstrated in the report, many of these policies are closely linked and synergistic with the framework policies applied by G20 governments in their efforts to pursue strong and sustainable growth. The report, has been prepared in response to the request from G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in their communication of 25-26 February 2012 that asked the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), with the World Bank and the United Nation (UN), to prepare a report that provides options for G20 countries on inserting green growth and sustainable development policies into structural reform agendas, tailored to specific country conditions and level of development. The report will be an input to the G-20 leader's summit in Los Cabos and provides a toolkit of policy options from which countries may draw-upon when designing their own green growth strategies. The G20 development working group has also tasked the International Organizations with the development of a non-prescriptive toolkit of policy options to support inclusive green growth in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/27111
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    Assessing the Investment Climate for Climate Investments : A Comparative Clean Energy Framework for South Asia in a Global Context (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Mitigating climate change while addressing development needs will involve a massive scale-up of investments in Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE). Most of these climate investments will come from the private sector, which will be the main driver of low-carbon growth in both developing and developed countries, provided that countries have the right investment climate for climate investment. The enabling environment for climate investment in each country depends on a variety of factors. These include macroeconomic determinants such as a functioning bureaucracy and banking system; as well as a narrower set of policy determinants such as renewable energy targets, mandatory standards, preferential power tariffs, waiver of import duties, and other fiscal incentives. While the exact mix of policies, regulations and incentives will depend on country-specific circumstances, the fact that they exist sends the right signal to climate investors, by providing them with legal certainty and lowering their costs and risks. Policies, regulations and incentives also help to level the playing field for climate investors in the face of market realities that tend to favor the continued use of carbon intense energy sources, such as support for fossil fuels and the high costs of renewable energy technologies
    DOI: 10.1596/26739
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    Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Financial consumer protection sets clear rules of conduct for financial firms regarding their retail customers. It aims to ensure that consumers: 1) receive information to allow them to make informed decisions, 2) are not subject to unfair or deceptive practices, and 3) have access to recourse mechanisms to resolve disputes. Complementary financial literacy initiatives are aimed at giving consumers the knowledge and skills to understand the risks and rewards of using financial products and services-and their legal rights and obligations in using them. Clear rules of conduct for financial institutions, combined with programs of financial education for consumers, will increase consumer trust in financial markets and will support the development of these markets. International and regional non-government organizations are also playing an increasingly important role in financial consumer protection. The responsible finance forum lists financial consumer protection regulation and financial capability as two of the three pillars of the framework for responsible finance. This summary is not exhaustive but helps illustrate the many ongoing international initiatives that support financial consumer protection. All the initiatives are helpful in strengthening the global response to weaknesses in financial consumer protection. Nevertheless, still more could be done by civil society organizations, particularly those operating at a global level. The World Bank is also supporting the international dialogue on financial consumer protection through development of good practices based on country-level experience and ongoing technical assistance. The good practices provide a comprehensive diagnostic tool to help identify the consumer protection issues in all parts of the financial sector
    DOI: 10.1596/26861
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    Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa : Review and Options for Consideration (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note is a preliminary effort to present a body of knowledge on the state of disaster risk financing and insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to contribute to a strengthened understanding and collective knowledge within Sub-Saharan Africa on disaster risk financing and insurance, and to encourage open dialogue between stakeholders on how strategies can best be developed to increase financial resilience against natural disasters. The report is targeted at policy-makers and actors in the international community with an interest in this agenda. In the context of this report, disaster risk financing and insurance refers to instruments and mechanisms at the macro, market and micro level that provide financial resources to assist with response and recovery efforts in the aftermath of a disaster. This report focuses on natural disasters, which we can describe as unforeseen events driven by natural phenomena that cause serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic and/or environmental losses which overwhelm the capacity of the affected community or society. This report discusses rapid onset disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes and floods but also slow onset events such as drought. Sub-Saharan African countries are highly exposed to a wide range of adverse natural events, with hydro-meteorological hazards impacting the largest number of people. Disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) has been highlighted by the African union, regional economic communities and individual countries as an area for regional financial cooperation
    DOI: 10.1596/26769
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    Reducing Elderly Poverty in Thailand : The Role of Thailand's Pension and Social Assistance Programs (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note examines Thailand's programs for preventing poverty among the elderly, and suggests options for improving the effectiveness of these programs. The number of elderly people in Thailand will increase dramatically over the next 30 years, and the elderly already have a higher poverty rate than the population as a whole. Although Thailand currently has a total of eight pension programs, the majority of the benefits go to those who are not poor. In addition, unlike most countries, Thailand lacks a pension and provident fund supervision agency or a consolidated financial institution regulator, and does not appear to have a well-articulated national pension policy. This has led to the development of two major sets of pension programs, with one group sponsored by the ministry of labor and the social security office, and the other by the ministry of finance and the securities commission. These are also supplemented by an assortment of social assistance and community programs sponsored by the ministry of social development and human security and the ministry of interior. This policy note will examine the above issues in more detail and recommend policy options to simplify and coordinate the various pension and social assistance programs aimed at preventing poverty among the elderly, target more spending at the elderly poor, and assure long-term fiscal sustainability
    DOI: 10.1596/26767
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    Taking Stock : An Update on Vietnam's Recent Economic Development (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The authorities' determined implementation of stabilization measures over the past year has helped to avert a macroeconomic crisis. If the deterioration of the macroeconomic environment in 2010-11 was rapid, the improvement in the situation in the past twelve months has been equally swift. Regaining macroeconomic stability has been costly, but not stabilizing the economy would have led to even bigger losses. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth has decelerated from 6.8 percent in 2010 to 5.9 percent in 2011, and further to 4 percent in the first quarter of 2012 as higher prices has lowered domestic demand, affecting sectors such as construction, manufacturing and utilities. Industrial production has slowed, inventory for key industrial products has accumulated, and a number of small and medium enterprises have either closed, been liquidated or temporarily suspended their operations. While the stabilization efforts may have contributed to a cyclical slowdown, Vietnam's trend growth rate has been on a downward path for the last 5-6 years, largely on account of the slow pace of structural reforms. Inefficiencies in state-owned enterprises, banks and public investments have been a drag on the country's long-term growth potential. With gains from macroeconomic stabilization still recent and fragile, especially in an external environment that is fraught with uncertainty, the government needs to be careful not to shift to an expansionary stance prematurely
    DOI: 10.1596/26744
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    Philippines Quarterly Update, March 2012 : From Stability to Prosperity for All (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippine economy grew slower than expected at 3.7 percent in 2011, held back by weak public spending and external demand. In the fourth quarter (Q4), growth slightly improved at 3.7 percent. As in past quarters, growth was driven by remittance-fueled household consumption, which grew by 6.7 percent. The government's disbursement acceleration plan was partially successful and contributed 1.3 percentage points (ppt) to gross domestic product, or GDP growth in Q4, up from 0.3 ppt in Q3, but this was not enough to push growth up to the targeted level of around five percent. On the production side, the services sector, including the fast-growing business process outsourcing (BPO) industry, continued to drive growth. Industry, in particular exports manufacturing, was buffeted by weaker demand, while agriculture suffered from typhoon damages, highlighting the need to improve disaster and risk management. The country is benefiting from strong macroeconomic fundamentals, political stability, and a popular government that is seen by many as committed to improving governance and reducing poverty. Several reforms have successfully started, notably in public financial management. However, the window of opportunity is narrowing given elections in 2013 and 2016 and the historical difficulty of moving forward with reforms when the campaign period kicks in. Now is the time to implement the reforms needs to accelerate growth, create jobs, and reduce poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/26748
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    Malaysia Economic Monitor, April 2012 : Modern Jobs (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malaysian economy grew robustly in 2011, outperforming forecasts. Growth was driven by domestic demand. Public consumption picked up more than expected toward the end of the year and fixed investment was also buoyant on higher investments by public and private companies. Private consumption spending remained strong, sustained by solid consumer credit, civil service bonus payments, and firm commodity prices benefiting smallholders. Inventories were a drag on growth as post- financial crisis restocking was completed. There is momentum to the reform agenda, but implementation could be accelerated. The government's transformation programs registered notable progress, but the challenge now is to go beyond quick wins and accelerate the implementation of more difficult, but critical, structural reforms that lie at the core of transforming the economy into a high-income one. Implementation can be assisted by increasing the coordination of related reform efforts (such as safety nets and education), building capacity within the civil service to lead reforms, and working towards consensus in key areas such as educational reform, subsidy rationalization and broadening the tax base
    DOI: 10.1596/26747
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    South East Europe Regular Economic Report, No. 3 : From Double-Dip Recession to Accelerated Reforms (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: After two years of fragil ...
    DOI: 10.1596/26832
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    Russian Economic Report, No. 28, Autumn 2012 : Reinvigorating the Economy (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Early in the year, as the global economy was slowing and the euro area entered a recession, Russia's economy held steady. But now, as 2012 is entering its final quarter, growth is slowing. Just at a time when Russia's output levels have exceeded the pre-crisis peak, the economy is settling onto a lower trajectory, even though oil prices have stayed high. But let us start with the strong points. The economy had a good first half of the year. While growth was stalling in Europe and slowing in other emerging economies, it remained steady in Russia. Key economic indicators were near or at record levels: the current account surplus stayed high and the Central Bank of Russia added to its reserves, helping to bolster market confidence. Capital outflows, long regarded as one of the soft spots of Russia's economy, declined in the second and third quarters of 2012 from the peaks in the previous two quarters. Whereas many countries in Europe are struggling with large public debt and high fiscal deficits, Russia's federal government public debt is close to single digit and the fiscal balance is in surplus. Inflation and unemployment rates declined to their lowest level in two decades. As people's purchasing power improved and more people had jobs, fewer people were in poverty than at any time since the beginning of the economic transition. A challenging external environment and worsening sentiments among businesses and consumers translate into weak growth prospects. Excluding the crisis years of 1998 and 2009, growth in 2012 is set to decline to its lowest rate in a decade and a half. And 2013 is unlikely to look much better. The weak outlook means that strong, three-pronged policy action is essential to reinvigorate the economy. First, economic policies have to ensure stability. The recent tightening in monetary policy was an important step in this direction. Second, Russia has to build buffers against the external volatility. This means replenishing the reserve fund, moving towards inflation targeting and strengthening banking supervision. Finally, the government has to lift the growth potential of the economy. This means raising productivity and competitiveness, diversifying the economy, and improving transport connectivity, as discussed in the last section of this report, in line with its longer-term economic policy goals. Making headway on this agenda will enable Russia to lift growth above 4 percent and more
    DOI: 10.1596/26689
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    Raskin Subsidized Rice Delivery (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Beras untuk Rakyat Mi ...
    DOI: 10.1596/26694
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Targeting : Poor and Vulnerable Households in Indonesia (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Indonesia has experienced strong economic growth over the last forty years. At the same time, the proportion of Indonesians living below the poverty line has fallen dramatically. Nonetheless, around 12 percent of Indonesians remain in poverty and another 30 percent remain highly vulnerable to falling into poverty in any given year. In addition, Indonesia has experienced a number of crises in the last two decades, and such shocks are likely to continue in the future in an increasingly integrated global economy. Over the last fifteen years the Government has been developing social assistance programs designed to promote the poor out of poverty and protect poor and vulnerable households from both individual and more widespread shocks. The coverage, design and implementation of these programs continue to be improved as social protection in Indonesia matures, but a number of issues remain. One of the most important, and difficult, is how these programs can accurately target households who need those most. The challenge is to develop a targeting approach which includes most of the poor and vulnerable while minimizing leakage to the rich. At the same time, the system must be feasible, affordable, and accepted and used by all. Furthermore, identifying which households are poor is a difficult task in any developing country, but is particularly so in Indonesia, which has a very large population, a high degree of geographic dispersion, decentralization of much budgetary and operational governance, and frequent entry and exit of households into and from poverty. This evidence-based report builds in part on innovative research done collaboratively with the Government of Indonesia. In this respect Indonesia is contributing to the frontier of global knowledge on targeting, while also drawing on the experience of other countries. Moving from a thorough assessment of the current effectiveness of targeting in Indonesia, the report contains practical and detailed recommendations for the future. In particular, a National Targeting System is proposed, which envisages developing a single registry of potential beneficiaries to target social assistance to the right households, resulting in more accurate and cost-effective targeting outcomes, and ultimately stronger program impacts
    DOI: 10.1596/26700
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health Equity and Financial Protection Report : Mongolia (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. This report analyses equity and financial protection in the health sector of Mongolia. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2005 Mongolia multiple indicator cluster survey and the 2007-08 Mongolia household socio-economic survey
    DOI: 10.1596/26857
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    South Africa Economic Update, July 2012 : Focus on Inequality of Opportunity (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Section one provides an economic update and assesses the challenges and near-term prospects facing the South African economy. In particular, it looks at the implications for South Africa of the resurgence of uncertainty in global financial markets, the surge in capital flows to safe-haven assets, the continuing Euro zone crisis, and signs of slowdown in some of the large emerging market economies. Section two focuses on inequality of opportunity in South Africa. For the first time, using innovative techniques, this section presents an analysis of the interlinked inequality of opportunities for children and for access to employment. Every society has a degree of inequality of outcomes that reflects differences in innate human capabilities, effort, education, experience, and skills. But a recognized goal for public policy is to ensure at least the equality of opportunity for every individual in a country. Many countries have used this new approach to develop targeted policies to promote such equality of opportunity and to monitor and evaluate the success of public programs
    DOI: 10.1596/26076
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bosnia and Herzegovina : Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection in the Microfinance Sector (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This 2012 microcredit sector diagnostic review complements the 2011 review of the Banking sector and analyses the following five areas of consumer protection in microcredit: i) existing institutional arrangements, ii) consumer disclosure; iii) business practices; iv) dispute resolution mechanisms; v) and financial education programs. Bosnia and Herzegovina was the largest microfinance market in Europe and Central Asia until the 2008 global crisis prompted a rapid reversal. Authorities identified consumer protection in microfinance as high priority and introduced new regulatory provisions to stabilize the sector. This review analyzes the existing consumer protection framework and offers recommendations for further improvements. The Institutional Arrangements section covers the agencies responsible for implementing consumer protection, as well as industry and consumer associations. The section on Consumer Disclosure focuses on standard formats for price and product comparison, disclosure provisions, and basic rights of consumers. The Business Practices section covers unfair or abusive practices, standard consumer contract provisions, and industry Code of Conduct. The section on Dispute Resolution focuses on internal complaints mechanisms in financial institutions and out-of-court mechanisms. The section on Financial Education focuses on measures aimed at increasing consumer financial literacy and awareness
    DOI: 10.1596/25893
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The human resources for health situation in Ethiopia : towards attending remaining challenges (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389584 , 9780821389843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.7/61610963
    Keywords: Health Manpower Statistics ; Health Resources Statistics ; Maternal Health Services Statistics ; National Health Programs Statistics ; Health Manpower ; Health Resources ; Maternal Health Services ; National Health Programs
    Description / Table of Contents: The number problemPublic/private distribution of HRH -- Analyzing the geographic distribution of HRH -- Analyzing and explaining performance -- Impact of HRH problems on use of key services -- Reflecting on policy implications.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8984-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The status of the education sector in Sudan (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388570 , 9780821388679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.9624
    Keywords: Education Evaluation ; Education Evaluation ; Education
    Note: "His report was prepared by the World Bank and the Government of National Unity (GoNU) of the Republic of Sudan"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8857-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Private voluntary health insurance regulation : how to make it work (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387566 , 9780821387573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 368.38/2
    Keywords: Health insurance Government policy ; Health insurance Law and legislation ; Health insurance Government policy ; Health insurance Law and legislation ; Government Regulation ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health legislation & jurisprudence ; Private Sector ; Risk Factors ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Government Regulation ; Government policy ; Law and legislation ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health ; Private Sector ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Risk Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: BackgroundOverview of private health insurance -- Scope of regulation -- Prudential regulation -- Consumer protection standards.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8756-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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