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  • 2005-2009  (377)
  • 1980-1984  (19)
  • 2005  (377)
  • World Bank  (342)
  • Grimm, Wilhelm
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Egyptian fertility survey, 1980 (1983-)
    Cairo : The Agency
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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    GBV
  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Grimms Märchen international : zehn der bekanntesten Grimmschen Märchen und ihre europäischen und außereuropäischen Verwandten (1996-)
    Paderborn [u.a.] : Schöningh
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 24 cm
    DDC: 398.2
    Keywords: Kinder- und Hausmärchen ; Fairy tales ; Germany ; Anthologie ; Kinder- und Hausmärchen ; Vergleichende Märchenforschung
    Note: Enth. Literaturangaben und Register
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    GBV
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Werke : Forschungsausgabe (1985-)
    Hildesheim [u.a.] : Olms-Weidmann
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: TIFF, Vers.6.0, 600 dpi, 1 bit (s/w), ITU group 4; Digitalisierungsvorlage: Primärausgabe
    Edition: Electronic. ed. Hildesheim [u.a.] Olms 2006 Olms online. Reprints. Sammlung zur Philosophie und deutschsprachigen Literatur des 16. bis 20. Jahrhunderts
    Edition: Göttingen GDZ
    Former Title: Teilw. u.d.T. Grimm, Jacob: Sämtliche Werke
    Note: Nachdr. teilw. in der Reihe Documenta linguistica , SUB Göttingen
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Hausmärchen : mit einem Anhang sämtlicher, nicht in allen Auflagen veröffentlichter Märchen und Herkunftsnachweisen (2001-)
    Stuttgart : Reclam
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    Details
    ISBN: 315030024X , 9783150300428 , 9783150300480
    Language: German
    Pages: 20 cm; (2001-2010): 17 cm
    Edition: Ausg. letzter Hand mit den Orig.-Anm. der Brüder Grimm
    Former Title: Gesamtausgabe
    DDC: 398.20943
    RVK:
    GB 2705
    RVK:
    GB 2706
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Deutsch ; Märchen
    Note: Literaturangaben
    URL: Inhaltstext 2010
    URL: Inhaltstext 2014
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    Book
    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1912-)
    Jena : Diederichs
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: octavo
    Series Statement: Märchen der Weltliteratur ...
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Deutschland ; Märchen
    Note: In Fraktur
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    Book
    MEK Berlin
  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Werke : Forschungsausgabe (1985-)
    Hildesheim [u.a.] : Olms-Weidmann
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    Details
    Language: German
    Additional Information: Rezension Kaiste, Jaanna [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Abt. 3, Gemeinsame Werke, Bd. 43-45] 2006
    Additional Information: Rezension Beck, Heinrich [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Abt. 1. Bd. 17-18] 1995
    Additional Information: Rezension Speer, Heino [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Abt. 1. Bd. 17-18] 1995
    Additional Information: Rezension Lecouteux, C. [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Bd. 17-18] 1994
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pöge-Alder, Kathrin, 1965 - [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob, 1785-1863, Werke] 2006
    Former Title: Teilw. u.d.T. Grimm, Jacob: Sämtliche Werke
    Note: Nachdr. teilw. in der Reihe Documenta linguistica
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    GBV
  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Werke : Forschungsausgabe (1985-)
    Hildesheim [u.a.] : Olms-Weidmann
    Details
    Language: German
    Additional Information: Rezension Kaiste, Jaanna [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Abt. 3, Gemeinsame Werke, Bd. 43-45] 2006
    Additional Information: Rezension Beck, Heinrich [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Abt. 1. Bd. 17-18] 1995
    Additional Information: Rezension Speer, Heino [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Abt. 1. Bd. 17-18] 1995
    Additional Information: Rezension Lecouteux, C. [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Werke, Forschungsausgabe, Bd. 17-18] 1994
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pöge-Alder, Kathrin, 1965 - [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob, 1785-1863, Werke] 2006
    Former Title: Teilw. u.d.T. Grimm, Jacob: Sämtliche Werke
    Note: Nachdr. teilw. in der Reihe Documenta linguistica
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    KOBV
  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Volkslieder : aus der Handschriftensammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg (1985-)
    Marburg : Elwert
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 24 cm
    Additional Information: Rezension Karbusicky, Vladimir [Rezension von: Volkslieder, aus der Handschriftensammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg, Brüder Grimm. Hrsg. von Charlotte Oberfeld ..., Bd. 1 - 3. 1985-89] 1991
    Additional Information: Rezension Schade, Ernst [Rezension von: Volkslieder, aus der Handschriftensammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg, Brüder Grimm. Hrsg. von Charlotte Oberfeld ..., Bd. 2 - 3. 1987-89] 1991
    Additional Information: Rezension Schenda, Rudolf [Rezension von: Volkslieder, aus der Handschriftensammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg, Brüder Grimm. Hrsg. von Charlotte Oberfeld ..., Bd. 1 - 3 . 1985-89] 1990
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Grimm, Jacob 1785-1863 ; Volkslied ; Grimm, Wilhelm 1786-1859 ; Volkslied
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    Book
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Hausmärchen : nach der zweiten, vermehrten und verbesserten Auflage von 1819, textkritisch revidiert und mit einer Biographie der Grimmschen Märchen versehen (1982-)
    Köln [u.a.] : Diederichs
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    Details
    ISBN: 3424007358 , 3424007366
    Language: German
    Pages: 20 cm
    Series Statement: Die Märchen der Weltliteratur
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    Book
    MEK Berlin
  • 10
    Book
    Book
    Volkslieder : aus der Handschriftensammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg (1985-)
    Marburg : Elwert
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    Details
    Language: German
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    MEK Berlin
  • 11
    Book
    Book
    Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm (1913-)
    Leipzig : Dieterich
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 8°
    Additional Information: Rezension Wardetzky, Kristin "Mit Überraschung bemerkt man die Verwandtschaft mit den Märchen anderer weit entfernter Völker" 2014
    Keywords: Kinder- und Hausmärchen ; Märchenforschung ; Lyrik ; Literatur ; Deutsch ; Prosa ; Kommentar ; Kinder- und Hausmärchen ; Märchenforschung ; Lyrik ; Literatur ; Deutsch ; Prosa
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    MEK Berlin
  • 12
    Book
    Book
    Deutsches Wörterbuch (1854-)
    Leipzig : Hirzel
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    Details
    Language: German
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Grimm, Jacob, 1785 - 1863 Deutsches Wörterbuch
    DDC: 433
    RVK:
    AH 11000
    RVK:
    AH 11080
    RVK:
    GB 1490
    Keywords: German language ; Dictionaries ; German language - Dictionaries ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch ; Grimm, Jacob 1785-1863 ; Grimm, Wilhelm 1786-1859 ; Deutschland ; Geschichte
    Abstract: Neubearbeitung
    Note: Quellen-Verz. im Verl. Huth, Göttingen, erschienen. - Quellen-Verz., photomechanischer Neudr. im Verl. Funk, Berlin, ersch.
    URL: http://woerterbuchnetz.de/cgi-bin/WBNetz/wbgui_py?sigle=DWB
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    MEK Berlin
  • 13
    Book
    Book
    Kinder und Hausmärchen. (1837-)
    Göttingen : Dieterich
    Details
    Language: German
    Edition: Große Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Kinder und Hausmärchen.
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
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    Book
    KOBV
  • 14
    Book
    Book
    Kinder und Hausmärchen. (1837-)
    Göttingen : Dieterich
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    Details
    Language: German
    Edition: Große Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Kinder und Hausmärchen.
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
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    GBV
  • 15
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Haus-Märchen (1819-)
    Berlin : bei G. Reimer
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 8°
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Kinder- und Haus-Märchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    Note: In Fraktur
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    Book
    KOBV
  • 16
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Haus-Märchen (1819-)
    Berlin : bei G. Reimer
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 8°
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Kinder- und Haus-Märchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    Note: In Fraktur
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    Book
    GBV
  • 17
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1910-)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Bong
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: octavo
    Edition: Neue durchges. Ausg.
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen
    Note: T. 1. 2
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    GBV
    KOBV
  • 18
    Book
    Book
    Der goldene Schlüssel und sieben andere Märchen (1987-)
    Berlin : Kinderbuchverl.
    Details
    ISBN: 3358000923
    Language: German
    Pages: 16 cm
    Uniform Title: Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen
    Note: Teilausg
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    Book
    MEK Berlin
  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm : kritische Ausgabe in Einzelbänden (2001-)
    Stuttgart : Hirzel
    Details
    Language: German
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm
    DDC: 398.2092243
    RVK:
    GB 2666
    RVK:
    GB 2636
    RVK:
    GB 2706
    Keywords: Grimm, Jacob Correspondence ; Grimm, Wilhelm Correspondence ; Grimm, Jacob Correspondence ; Grimm, Wilhelm Correspondence ; Philologists Correspondence ; Germany ; Philologists Correspondence ; Briefsammlung ; Grimm, Jacob 1785-1863 ; Grimm, Wilhelm 1786-1859 ; Grimm, Wilhelm 1786-1859 ; Grimm, Jacob 1785-1863
    Note: Enth. Briefe von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm , Bd. 1. Briefwechsel zwischen Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm : T. 1. Text. T. 2. Zusätzliche Texte; Sagenkonkordanz. T. 3. Kommentar / verfasst und herausgegeben von Stephan Bialas-Pophanken , Bd. 2. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Karl Bartsch, Franz Pfeiffer und Gabriel Riedel , Bd. 3. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Gustav Hugo , Bd. 4. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Theodor Georg von Karajan, Wilhelm Wackernagel, Johann Hugo Wyttenbach und Julius Zacher , Bd. 5. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit den Verlegern des "Deutschen Wörterbuchs" Karl Reimer und Salomon Hirzel , Bd. 6. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Rudolf Hildebrand, Matthias Lexer und Karl Weigand , Bd. 7. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Gustav Freytag, Moriz Haupt, Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben und Franz Joseph Mone , Bd. 8. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Johann Martin Lappenberg, Friedrich Lisch und Georg Waitz , Bd. 9. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit ihren älteren Verwandten , 1,1 (2001) -
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinder- und Haus-Märchen (1819-)
    Berlin : bei G. Reimer
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 8°
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2022 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Kinder- und Haus-Märchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    Note: In Fraktur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    KOBV
  • 21
    Book
    Book
    Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm : kritische Ausgabe in Einzelbänden (2001-)
    Stuttgart : Hirzel
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: German
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm
    DDC: 398.2092243
    RVK:
    GB 2666
    RVK:
    GB 2636
    RVK:
    GB 2706
    Keywords: Grimm, Jacob Correspondence ; Grimm, Wilhelm Correspondence ; Grimm, Jacob Correspondence ; Grimm, Wilhelm Correspondence ; Philologists Correspondence ; Germany ; Philologists Correspondence ; Briefsammlung ; Grimm, Jacob 1785-1863 ; Grimm, Wilhelm 1786-1859 ; Grimm, Wilhelm 1786-1859 ; Grimm, Jacob 1785-1863
    Note: Enth. Briefe von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm , Bd. 1. Briefwechsel zwischen Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm : T. 1. Text. T. 2. Zusätzliche Texte; Sagenkonkordanz. T. 3. Kommentar / verfasst und herausgegeben von Stephan Bialas-Pophanken , Bd. 2. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Karl Bartsch, Franz Pfeiffer und Gabriel Riedel , Bd. 3. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Gustav Hugo , Bd. 4. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Theodor Georg von Karajan, Wilhelm Wackernagel, Johann Hugo Wyttenbach und Julius Zacher , Bd. 5. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit den Verlegern des "Deutschen Wörterbuchs" Karl Reimer und Salomon Hirzel , Bd. 6. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Rudolf Hildebrand, Matthias Lexer und Karl Weigand , Bd. 7. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Gustav Freytag, Moriz Haupt, Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben und Franz Joseph Mone , Bd. 8. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Johann Martin Lappenberg, Friedrich Lisch und Georg Waitz , Bd. 9. Briefwechsel der Brüder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit ihren älteren Verwandten , 1,1 (2001) -
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinder und Hausmärchen. (1837-)
    Göttingen : Dieterich
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    Details
    Language: German
    Edition: Große Ausg.
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Berlin Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz 2021 Historische Drucke digital
    Edition: Nachlass Grimm digital
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    KOBV
  • 23
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Hausmärchen : mit einem Anhang sämtlicher, nicht in allen Auflagen veröffentlichter Märchen und Herkunftsnachweisen (1980-)
    Stuttgart : Reclam
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    Details
    ISBN: 3150231914
    Language: German
    Pages: 15 cm
    Edition: Ausg. letzter Hand mit den Originalanmerkungen der Brüder Grimm
    Series Statement: (Reclams) Universal-Bibliothek ...
    RVK:
    GB 2705
    RVK:
    GB 2706
    RVK:
    LC 81015
    RVK:
    GE 6923
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Märchen
    Note: Literaturangaben
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    Book
    BSZ
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinder und Hausmärchen. (1837-)
    Göttingen : Dieterich
    Details
    Language: German
    Edition: Große Ausgabe
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2022 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    KOBV
  • 25
    Book
    Book
    Grimms Märchen international : zehn der bekanntesten Grimmschen Märchen und ihre europäischen und aussereuropäischen Verwandten (1996-)
    Paderborn [u.a.] : Schöningh
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    Details
    Language: German
    RVK:
    EC 7260
    RVK:
    DX 4151
    RVK:
    GB 2708
    RVK:
    LC 81015
    RVK:
    GE 6083
    Keywords: Kinder- und Hausmärchen ; Vergleichende Märchenforschung
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    Book
    BSZ
  • 26
    Book
    Book
    Kinder- und Hausmärchen : mit einem Anhang sämtlicher, nicht in allen Auflagen veröffentlichter Märchen und Herkunftsnachweisen (2001-)
    Stuttgart : Reclam
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    Details
    ISBN: 315030024X , 9783150300428 , 9783150300480
    Language: German
    Pages: 20 cm; (2001-2010): 17 cm
    Edition: Ausg. letzter Hand mit den Orig.-Anm. der Brüder Grimm
    Former Title: Gesamtausgabe
    DDC: 398.20943
    RVK:
    GB 2705
    RVK:
    GB 2706
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Deutsch ; Märchen
    Note: Literaturangaben
    URL: Inhaltstext 2010
    URL: Inhaltstext 2014
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    BSZ
  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinder und Hausmärchen. (1837-)
    Göttingen : Dieterich
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    Details
    Language: German
    Edition: Große Ausgabe
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2022 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinder- und Haus-Märchen (1819-)
    Berlin : bei G. Reimer
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 8°
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2022 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Kinder- und Haus-Märchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    Note: In Fraktur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinder und Hausmärchen. (1837-)
    Göttingen : Dieterich
    Details
    Language: German
    Edition: Große Ausg.
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Berlin Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz 2021 Historische Drucke digital
    Edition: Nachlass Grimm digital
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Kinder- und Hausmärchen
    Keywords: Anthologie ; Kinderbuch ; Deutsch ; Märchen ; Prosa ; Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    GBV
  • 30
    Book
    Book
    Deutsches Wörterbuch (1983-2018)
    Leipzig : Hirzel
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    ISBN: 3740100001
    Language: German
    Pages: 31 cm
    Edition: Neubearb.
    Additional Information: Rezension Krogh, Steffen [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Bd. 2. Lfg. 4. u. Bd. 7. Lfg. 8. 1993] 1996
    Additional Information: Rezension Stricker, Stefanie [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Bd. 2. Lfg. 5 u. Bd. 8. Doppellfg. 1/2. 1994-95] 1996
    Additional Information: Rezension Korencsy, Ottó [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Bd. 2. Lfg. 5 - 6 u. Bd. 8. Doppellfg. 1/2. 1994-95] 1996
    Additional Information: Rezension Stricker, Stefanie [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Bd. 2. Lfg. 6 - 7 u. Bd. 8 Doppellfg. 1/2. 1995-96 ] 1998
    Additional Information: Rezension Müller, Peter O. [Rezension von: Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Bd. 2. Lfg. 5 - 6 u. Bd. 8. Doppellfg. 1/2. 1994-95] 1996
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Deutsches Wörterbuch
    RVK:
    AH 11000
    RVK:
    AH 11080
    RVK:
    GB 1490
    Keywords: German language Dictionaries ; Deutsch Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch
    Note: Die Neubearbeitung umfasst nur die Buchstaben A-F (Band 1-9) , Erscheinungsbeginn: 1965 , Ab 1993 hrsg. von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
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    MEK Berlin
  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deutsches Wörterbuch (1983-2018)
    Leipzig : S. Hirzel Verlag
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    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Digitalisierungsvorlage: Original
    Edition: Neubearbeitung
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Hannover Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) 2022
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Deutsches Wörterbuch
    RVK:
    AH 11000
    RVK:
    AH 11080
    RVK:
    GB 1490
    Keywords: German language Dictionaries ; Deutsch Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch
    Note: Die Neubearbeitung umfasst nur die Buchstaben A-F (Band 1-9) , Erscheinungsbeginn: 1965 , Ab 1993 herausgegeben von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
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  • 32
    Book
    Book
    Selected tales (2005)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0192804790
    Language: English
    Pages: LIX, 344 S , 20cm
    Edition: 1. publ. as an Oxford world's classics paperback
    Series Statement: Oxford world's classics
    DDC: 398.2/0943
    RVK:
    GB 2707
    Keywords: Grimm, Jacob Translations into English ; Grimm, Wilhelm Translations into English ; Fairy tales
    Abstract: This collection of classic tales also includes some of the less well-known fables, morality tales and comic stories, and an exploration of the origins of the stories and their literary evolution
    Description / Table of Contents: Includes bibliography (p. [liii]-lvi)
    Note: Translated from the German. - Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Autorenbiografie
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip054/2004029386.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0636/2004029386-d.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0723/2004029386-b.html
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    Book
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 33
    Book
    Book
    Der Froschkönig (2005)
    Stuttgart : Thienemann
    Details
    ISBN: 3522434110
    Language: German
    Pages: [26] S. , überw. Ill. , 31 cm
    Edition: [Nachdr.]
    DDC: 398.21
    RVK:
    DX 4060
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    Book
    BSZ
  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analyzing the distributional impact of selected reforms (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821361813 , 0821363484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1-2 〉) , ill , 23 cm.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 339.4/6/091724
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. A practitioner's guide on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education -- v. 2. Analyzing the distributional impact of reforms
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Economic Prospects 2006 : Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821363441 , 9780821363454 , 9780821363447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (178 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: International migration, the movement of people across international boundaries to improve economic opportunity, has enormous implications for growth and welfare in both origin and destination countries. An important benefit to developing countries is the receipt of remittances or transfers from income earned by overseas emigrants. Official data show that development countries' remittance receipts totaled
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World Development Indicators 2005 (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082136071X , 9780821360712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (440 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators, the World Bank's respected statistical publication presents the most current and accurate information on global development on both a national level and aggregated globally. This information allows readers to monitor the progress made toward meeting the goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations in September 2001 in their Millennium Development Goals. The print edition of World Development Indicators 2005 allows you to consult over 80 tables and over 800 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups, as well as basic indicators for a further 55 economies. There are key indicators for the latest year available, important regional data, and income group analysis. The report contains six thematic presentations of analytical commentary covering: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pensions in the Middle East and North Africa : time for change (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821361856
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 253 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 331.25/220956
    Keywords: Pensions Finance ; Pensions Finance ; Retirement income ; Retirement income ; Pensions Finance ; Pensions Finance ; Retirement income ; Retirement income ; Pensions ; Pensions ; Retirement income ; Retirement income
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-231) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preventing HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa : a window of opportunity to act (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082136264X , 0821362658 , 9780821362648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 86 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Orientations in development
    DDC: 362.196/9792
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; HIV infections Prevention ; HIV infections Prevention ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; HIV infections Prevention ; HIV infections Prevention ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; HIV infections ; HIV infections
    Note: "A World Bank regional strategy"--Cover , "This strategy was prepared by a team led by Francisca Ayodeji Akala, who togehter with Carol Jenkins ... were the main authors"--P. vii , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The World Bank Research Program 2004 : Abstracts of Current Studies (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082136457X , 9780821364581 , 9780821364574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (188 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's research is intended to address critical issues and problems facing member governments in developing and transition economies. How can the governments of the poorest countries generate enough revenue to provide the education and health services essential to reducing poverty and promoting growth and development? How can poor countries attract investors to build the infrastructure their economies need? How can they develop systems to bring clean water to the 2 billion people without it today? How can they train teachers and bring to class the 115 million children who have not yet received any education? And how can rich countries be persuaded to lower market barriers, helping to reverse the decline in export prices for poor countries that has left them earning less from trade today than in the 1970s? These are the types of questions that are addressed in this edition of The World Bank Research Program: Abstracts from Current Studies. This volume reports on research projects initiated, under way, or completed from July 2003 through June 2004. It covers 151 research projects on several broad development related issues, including agriculture, health, education, environment, infrastructure, investment climate, and more. The abstract for each project describes the questions addressed, the analytic methods used, the findings to date, and policy implications
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?) (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3470
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?)
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Abstract: "Thirty years ago, in 1974, Chile launched the first large-scale privatization in a developing country. About 15 years later, Argentina provided a new model of global infrastructure management. Since then a variety of public-private partnerships in infrastructure have been adopted throughout the developing and transition world. These experiences add up to a large and heterogeneous enough sample of experiences from which some fairly robust conclusions on who benefited from the reforms and who did not. Because many of these experiences are also turning sour and the 'privatization' fad of the 1990s seems to be turning into an 'antiprivatization' fad, it seems important to separate facts from emotions. Estache argues that the wide differences in interpretations of the facts can be explained by wide differences in the assessment criteria used by analysts, including the definition of the baseline data chosen to assess the incremental effect of reforms. It is also driven by the sectors, the regions, and probably most important, the actors on which the analysis tends to focus. Once all these factors have been considered, a relatively fair and quantitative assessment of the prospects of the public-private relationship in infrastructure is possible. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate a debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure reforms"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agglomeration, transport, and regional development in Indonesia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3477
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Agglomeration, transport, and regional development in Indonesia
    Keywords: Industrial location ; Industries ; Industrial location ; Industries ; Indonesia Economic conditions 1997- ; Regional disparities ; Indonesia Economic conditions 1997- ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "How effective are public interventions in addressing significant regional disparities in formal manufacturing concentration in a developing economy? Deichmann, Kaiser, Lall, and Shalizi examine the aggregate and sectoral geographic concentration of manufacturing industries for Indonesia, and estimate the impact of factors influencing location choice at the firm level. They distinguish between natural advantage, including infrastructure endowments, wage rates, and natural resource endowments, and production externalities, arising from the co-location of firms in the same or complementary industries. The methodology pays special attention to empirically distinguishing the impact of measured production externalities from unobserved local characteristics. Depending on the sector, the authors find that a mix of both forms of regional advantage explains the geographic distribution of firms. Based on the estimated location choice model, they illustrate the potential impacts of policy interventions on manufacturing distribution by simulating the effectiveness of transport improvements on relocation of firms. The findings suggest that improvements in transport infrastructure may only have limited effects in attracting industry to secondary industrial centers outside of Java, especially in sectors already established in leading regions. The findings underscore the challenges for addressing the industrial fortunes of lagging regions, either through local decentralized policy interventions or national policies focused on infrastructure development. This paper--a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the impacts of spatial policy interventions on the location and performance of economic activity"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parental education and children's schooling outcomes : Is the effect nature, nurture, or both? Evidence from recomposed families in Rwanda (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3483
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de Parental education and children's schooling outcomes
    Keywords: Children Education ; Households ; Parents Education ; Children Education ; Households ; Parents Education
    Abstract: "Educated parents tend to have educated children. But is intergenerational transmission of human capital more nature, more nurture, or both? De Walque uses household survey data from Rwanda that contains a large proportion of children living in households without their biological parents. The data allows him to separate genetic from environmental parental influences. The nonrandom placement of children is controlled by including the educational attainment of the absent biological parents and the type of relationship that links the children to their 'adoptive 'families. The results of the analysis suggest that the nurture component of the intergenerational transmission of human capital is important for both parents, contrary to recent evidence proposed by Behrman and Rosenzweig (2002) and Plug (2004). The author concludes that mothers' education had no environmental impact on children's schooling. Interestingly, mothers' education matters more for girls, while fathers' education is more important for boys. Finally, an important policy recommendation in the African context emerges from the analysis: the risk for orphans or abandoned children to lose ground in their schooling achievements is minimized if they are placed with relatives. This paper--a product of the Public Services Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the determinants of education and its intergenerational transmission"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Finance, firm size, and growth (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3485
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Finance, firm size, and growth
    Keywords: Big business Case studies ; Economic development Case studies ; Industries Case studies ; Small business Case studies ; Big business Case studies ; Economic development Case studies ; Industries Case studies ; Small business Case studies
    Abstract: "The authors examine whether financial development boosts the growth of small firms more than large firms and hence provides information on the mechanisms through which financial development fosters aggregate economic growth. They define an industry's technological firm size as the firm size implied by industrial specific production technologies, including capital intensities and scale economies. Using cross-industry, cross-country data, the results indicate that financial development exerts a disproportionately large effect on the growth of industries that are technologically more dependent on small firms. This suggests that financial development accelerates economic growth by removing growth constraints on small firms and also implies that financial development has sectoral as well as aggregate growth ramifications. This paper--a product of the Finance Group, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the growth finance link"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/21/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How fair is workfare? : Gender, public works, and employment in rural Ethiopia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3492
    Parallel Title: Quisumbing, Ma. Agnes R How fair is workfare?
    Keywords: Labor market ; Public works ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Labor market ; Public works ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Ethiopia Rural conditions ; Ethiopia Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Quisumbing and Yohannes use the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey to examine the gender dimensions of public works. They use three rounds of a panel conducted in 1994--95 to explore the determinants of participation in, days worked, wages, and earnings from wage labor, food-for-work (FFW), and self-employment. Then they analyze public works data collected in 1997, together with program data collected in 2003. FFW operates in a similar fashion with other labor markets in Ethiopia where female participation is low. Gender differences are important in the participation decision, but operate differently in different types of labor markets. Better-educated women are more likely to participate in the wage labor market, while higher livestock holdings diminish participation more for women. Females with more schooling are also more likely to participate in FFW. Men's and women's participation in FFW and self-employment responds differently to household and community shocks. After controlling for selection in which gender plays an important role, gender disadvantages in the wage labor market and FFW are insignificant. Returns to schooling and height are consistently positive in both wage labor and FFW, suggesting returns to human capital investment, even in the low-skill labor markets of rural Ethiopia. Program characteristics significantly affect participation, with differential effects on men and women. Participation, days worked, wages, and earnings vary according to the type of project. Relative to infrastructure projects, water, social services, and other projects decrease participation probabilities. Distance has a strong negative effect on women's participation relative to men's. This paper--a product of the Gender Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to integrate gender issues into economic policy"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The clash of liberalizations : Preferential versus multilateral trade liberalization in the European Union (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3493
    Parallel Title: Karacaovali, Baybars The clash of liberalizations
    Keywords: Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences
    Abstract: "There has been an explosion in the number of preferential trade agreements in the past decade. Preferential trade agreements are characterized by liberalization with respect to only a few partners and thus they can potentially clash with and retard multilateral trade liberalization. Despite this important concern with preferential trade agreements, there is almost no systematic evidence on whether they actually affect multilateral trade liberalization. Karacaovali and Limô model the effect of preferential trade agreements on multilateral trade liberalization and show that preferential trade agreements slow down multilateral trade liberalization unless they have a common external tariff and allow for internal transfers. Next, they use detailed data on product-level tariffs negotiated by the European Union in the past two multilateral trade rounds to structurally estimate their model. The authors confirm the main prediction--the European Union's preferential trade agreements have clashed with its multilateral trade liberalization---and find that the effect is quantitatively significant. Moreover, they also confirm several auxiliary predictions of the model and provide new evidence on the political economy determinants of multilateral liberalization in the European Union. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the interaction between preferential and multilateral liberalization"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agriculture and national welfare around the world : Causality and international heterogeneity since 1960 (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3499
    Parallel Title: Bravo-Ortega, Claudio Agriculture and national welfare around the world
    Keywords: Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture Economic aspects
    Abstract: "Calculations of marginal welfare effects suggest that agricultural development has had important positive effects on national welfare, especially in developing countries. Latin American and Caribbean countries have also benefited from agricultural growth, but nonagricultural production has had marginal welfare effects that are greater in magnitude than those provided by agricultural activities. In contrast, the industrialized, high-income countries experienced marginal welfare gains from nonagricultural activities that are much greater than those derived from agriculture, whose impact is actually negative. These calculations of marginal welfare effects across regions depend on econometric estimates of elasticities linking agricultural and nonagricultural economic activities to four elements in a national welfare function: national GDP per capita, average income of the poorest households within countries, environmental outcomes concerning air and water pollution and deforestation, and macroeconomic volatility. The econometric analyses are motivated by theoretical treatments of key issues. The empirical models are estimated with various econometric techniques that deal with issues of causality and international heterogeneity. This paper--a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to study the rural contribution to development"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lasting local impacts of an economywide crisis (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3503
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Lasting local impacts of an economywide crisis
    Keywords: Consumption (Economics) History 20th century ; Financial crises History 20th century ; Poverty History 20th century ; Consumption (Economics) History 20th century ; Financial crises History 20th century ; Poverty History 20th century
    Abstract: "The immediate welfare costs of an economywide crisis can be high, but are there also lasting impacts? And are they greater in some geographic areas than others? Ravallion and Lokshin study Indonesia's severe financial crisis of 1998. They use 10 national surveys spanning 1993--2002, each covering 200,000 randomly sampled households, to estimate the impacts on mean consumption and the incidence of poverty across each of 260 districts. Counterfactual analyses indicate geographically diverse impacts years after the crisis. Proportionate impacts on the poverty rate were greater in initially better off and less unequal areas. In the aggregate, a large share--possibly the majority--of those Indonesians who were still poor in 2002 would not have been so without the 1998 crisis. This paper--a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the social impacts of economywide crises"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/28/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovative Tokyo (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3507
    Parallel Title: Fujita, Kuniko Innovative Tokyo
    Keywords: Industrial districts ; Knowledge management ; New products ; Technological innovations ; Industrial districts ; Knowledge management ; New products ; Technological innovations
    Abstract: "Fujita and Hill compare and contrast Tokyo's innovation structure with the industrial districts model and the international hub model in the literature on urban and regional development. The model embraces and yet transcends both industrial districts and international hub models. The authors provide key elements making up the Tokyo model--organizational knowledge creation, integral and co-location systems of corporate research and development and new product development, test markets, industrial districts and clusters, participative consumer culture, continuous learning from abroad, local government policies, the national system of innovation, and the historical genesis of Tokyo in Japan's political economy. They find that the Tokyo model of innovation will continue to evolve with the changing external environment, but fundamentally retain its main characteristics. The lessons from the Tokyo model is that openness, a diversified industrial base, the continuing development of new industries, and an emphasis on innovation all contribute to the dynamism of a major metropolitan region. This paper--a product of the Development Research Group--was prepared for the East Asia Prospect Study"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainability of microfinance self help groups in India : would federating help? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3516
    Parallel Title: Nair, Ajai Sustainability of microfinance self help groups in India
    Keywords: Microfinance ; Microfinance
    Abstract: "The major form of microfinance in India is that based on women's Self Help Groups (SHGs), which are small groups of 10--20 members. These groups collect savings from their members and provide loans to them. However, unlike most accumulating savings and credit associations (ASCAs) found in several countries, these groups also obtain loans from banks and on-lend them to their members. By 2003, over 700,000 groups had obtained over Rs.20 billion (US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade liberalization and the politics of financial development (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3517
    Parallel Title: Braun, Matias Trade liberalization and the politics of financial development
    Keywords: Finance Case studies ; Free trade Case studies ; Finance Case studies ; Free trade Case studies
    Abstract: "A well developed financial system enhances competition in the industrial sector by allowing easier entry. The impact varies across industries, however. For some, small changes in financial development quickly induce entry and dissipate incumbents' rents, generating strong incentives to oppose improvement of the financial system. In other sectors incumbents may even benefit from increased availability of external funds. The relative strength of promoters and opponents determines the political equilibrium level of financial system development. This may be perturbed by the effect of trade liberalization in the strength of each group. Using a sample of 41 trade liberalizers Braun and Raddatz conduct an event study and show that the change in the strength of promoters vis opponents is a very good predictor of subsequent financial development. The result is not driven by changes in demand for external funds, or by the success of the trade policy. The relationship is mediated by policy reforms, the kind that induces competition in the financial sector, in particular. Real effects follow not so much from capital deepening but mainly through improved allocation. The effect is stronger in countries with high levels of governance, suggesting that incumbents resort to this costly but more subtle way of restricting entry where it is difficult to obtain more blatant forms of anti-competitive measures from politicians. This paper--a product of the Investment and Growth Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the relation between finance and the macroeconomy"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
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    Institutional and policy analysis of river basin management : the Warta River Basin, Poland (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3528
    Parallel Title: Blomquist, William A Institutional and policy analysis of river basin management
    Keywords: Rural development ; Water Pollution ; Economic aspects ; Water-supply Management ; Rural development ; Water Pollution ; Economic aspects ; Water-supply Management ; Warta River (Poland) Environmental conditions ; Warta River (Poland) Environmental conditions
    Abstract: "The authors describe and analyze the emergence of river basin management in the Warta River Basin of Poland. The Warta basin's 55,193 km2 cover approximately one-sixth of Poland, and the Warta is a principal tributary to the Oder. Water management issues include pollution of the Warta and its main tributaries, prompting cities to rely on groundwater supplies that are beginning to show signs of overdraft, and growing problems of water allocation and scarcity as the basin urbanizes and industrializes. Since the end of the 1980s, the Polish government has been promoting decentralization, constructing a federal system that includes provinces, counties, and municipalities with authority over land use, water use permits, and environmental protection. Polish authorities have also established river basin management authorities corresponding to basin boundaries throughout the nation, including one for the Warta basin. The efforts toward decentralization and integrated water resource management in Poland have been earnest, but the dispersion of water policy authority across several levels of government, the establishment of basin authorities lacking power and funding to implement resource management programs, few arrangements for stakeholder participation, and delays in Polish water law reform have complicated the development and implementation of integrated management at the basin level. This paper--a product of the Agriculture and Rural Development Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to approach water policy issues in an integrated way. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Integrated River Basin Management and the Principle of Managing Water Resources at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does It (Not) Work in Practice?""--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
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    Economic evaluation of housing subsidy systems : a methodology with application to Morocco (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3529
    Parallel Title: Blanc, David le Economic evaluation of housing subsidy systems
    Keywords: Housing Finance ; Housing policy ; Housing subsidies ; Housing Finance ; Housing policy ; Housing subsidies
    Abstract: "Most countries do not use one single type of housing subsidy but combine many of them. Le Blanc provides operational criteria that allow evaluation of systems of housing subsidies, both at the individual program level and at the aggregate (country) level. He examines the public finance assessment criteria used by different authors to analyze subsidy programs and confront them systematically. Le Blanc ends up with a "map" of criteria, which covers the range of topics interesting to policymakers. For each criterion, he tries to provide empirical measures that can be retrieved from existing programs. He then provides an aggregation method allowing a synthesis of diagnoses about the "quality" of the housing subsidies system at the country level. The aggregation technique offers a simple way to visualize the main features of a subsidy system, as well as the effects on the system of reforms or improvements of particular programs. The author applies the methodology to the system prevailing in Morocco in 1995 and 2004. The analysis shows that the most visible subsidies might not have been the most inefficient, nor the most resource consuming for the state. Examination of policy changes since 1995 shows that while the most visible subsidies received nearly all the government's attention, large invisible subsidies remain at the heart of Morocco's housing policy. The framework used here is very general and can be used to compare the Moroccan system with those of similar countries. This paper--a product of the Urban Unit, Transport and Urban Development Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to provide evaluation frameworks to better understand housing markets in developing countries"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
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    Regulatory effectiveness and the empirical impact of variations in regulatory governance : electricity industry capacity and efficiency in developing countries (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3535
    Parallel Title: Cubbin, John Regulatory effectiveness and the empirical impact of variations in regulatory governance
    Keywords: Electric power ; Electric power production ; Electric power ; Electric power production
    Abstract: "The authors assess for 28 developing countries over the period 1980-2001 whether the existence of a regulatory law and higher quality regulatory governance are significantly associated with superior electricity outcomes. Their analysis draws on theoretical and empirical work on the impact of independent central banks and of developing country telecommunications regulators. The authors' empirical analysis concludes that a regulatory law and higher quality governance are positively and significantly associated with higher per capita generation capacity levels. In addition, this positive impact continues to increase for at least three years and probably for over 10 years as experience develops and regulatory reputation grows. The results are robust to alternative dynamic specifications and show no sign of any significant endogeneity "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
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    Regulatory effectiveness : the impact of regulation and regulatory governance arrangements on electricity industry outcomes (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3536
    Parallel Title: Stern, Jon Regulatory effectiveness
    Keywords: Banks and banking, Central State supervision ; Electric power ; Telecommunication ; Trade regulation ; Banks and banking, Central State supervision ; Electric power ; Telecommunication ; Trade regulation
    Abstract: "The authors review a number of studies on the effectiveness of utility regulatory agency and governance arrangements for the electricity industry, particularly for developing countries. They discuss governance criteria and their measurement, both legal frameworks and surveys of regulatory practice. They also discuss the results from econometric studies of effectiveness for regulatory agencies in the electricity and telecommunications industries and compare these with the results from econometric studies of independent central banks and their governance. The authors conclude with a discussion of policy implications and of priorities for information collection to improve understanding of these issues. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
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    Trade remedies and World Trade Organization dispute settlement : why are so few challenged? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3540
    Parallel Title: Bown, Chad P Trade remedies and World Trade Organization dispute settlement
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Dumping (International trade) ; Dumping (International trade)
    Abstract: "Antidumping and related trade remedies are the most popular policy instruments that many of the largest importing countries in the World Trade Organization (WTO) system use to restrict international trade. While such trade remedies are also frequent targets of dispute settlement activity under the WTO, given that Panel and Appellate Body rulings have almost invariably found that some aspect of each reviewed remedy was inconsistent with WTO obligations, an open research question is why aren't more remedies targeted by dispute settlement? The author provides a first empirical investigation of the trade remedy and WTO dispute settlement interaction by focusing on determinants of WTO members' decisions of whether to formally challenge U.S. trade remedies imposed between 1992 and 2003. He provides evidence that it is not only the size of the economic market at stake and the capacity to retaliate under potential DSU (dispute settlement understanding)-authorized sanctions that influence the litigation decision of whether to formally challenge a measure at the WTO. The author also finds that if the negatively affected foreign industry has the capacity to directly retaliate through a reciprocal antidumping investigation and measure of its own, its government is less likely to pursue the case on its behalf at the WTO. This is consistent with the theory that potential complainants may be avoiding WTO litigation in favor of pursuing reciprocal antidumping and hence "vigilante justice." "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
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    Survey nonresponse and the distribution of income (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3543
    Parallel Title: Korinek, Anton Survey nonresponse and the distribution of income
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Income distribution ; Household surveys ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "The authors examine the distributional implications of selective compliance in sample surveys, whereby households with different incomes are not equally likely to participate. They discuss poverty and inequality measurement implications for monotonically decreasing and inverted-U compliance-income relationships. The authors demonstrate that the latent income effect on the probability of compliance can be estimated from information on response rates across geographic areas. On implementing the method on the Current Population Survey for the United States, they find that the compliance probability falls monotonically as income rises. Correcting for non-response appreciably increases mean income and inequality, but has only a small impact on poverty incidence up to poverty lines common in the United States. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
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    Learning-by-doing, learning-by-exporting, and productivity : evidence from Colombia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3544
    Parallel Title: Fernandes, Ana Margarida Learning-by-doing, learning-by-exporting, and productivity
    Keywords: Exports ; Industrial productivity ; Exports ; Industrial productivity
    Abstract: "The empirical evidence on whether participation in export markets increases plant-level productivity has been inconclusive so far. The authors explain this inconclusiveness by drawing on Arrow's (1962) characterization of learning-by-doing, which suggests focusing on young plants and using measures of export experience rather than export participation. They find strong evidence of learning-by-exporting for young Colombian manufacturing plants between 1981 and 1991: total factor productivity increases 4-5 percent for each additional year a plant has exported, after controlling for the effect of current exports on total factor productivity. Learning-by-exporting is more important for young than for old plants and in industries that deliver a larger percentage of their exports to high-income countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
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    Incentives to learn (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3546
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Incentives to learn
    Keywords: Academic achievement ; Scholarships ; Teenage girls ; Academic achievement ; Scholarships ; Teenage girls
    Abstract: "The authors report results from a randomized evaluation of a merit scholarship program for adolescent girls in Kenya. Girls who scored well on academic exams received a cash grant and had school fees paid. Girls eligible for the scholarship showed significant gains in academic examination scores (average gain 0.15 standard deviations). There was considerable sample attrition and no significant program impact in the smaller of the two program districts, but in the other district girls showed large gains (average gain 0.22-0.27 standard deviations), and these gains persisted one full year following the competition. There is also evidence of positive program externalities on learning-boys (who were ineligible for the awards) also showed sizable average test gains. Both student and teacher school attendance increased in the program schools. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
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    Electricity sector reform in developing countries : a survey of empirical evidence on determinants and performance (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3549
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Electricity sector reform in developing countries
    Keywords: Electric power ; Electric power
    Abstract: "Driven by ideology, economic reasoning, and early success stories, vast amounts of financial resources and effort have been spent on reforming infrastructure industries in developing countries. It is therefore important to examine whether evidence supports the logic of reforms. The authors review the empirical evidence on electricity reform in developing countries. They find that country institutions and sector governance play an important role in the success and failure of reform. And reforms also appear to have increased operating efficiency and expanded access to urban customers. However, the reforms have to a lesser degree passed on efficiency gains to customers, tackled distributional effects, and improved rural access. Moreover, some of the literature is not methodologically robust and on par with general development economics literature. Further, findings on some issues are limited and inconclusive, while other important areas are yet to be addressed. Until we know more, implementation of reforms will be more based on ideology and economic theory rather than solid economic evidence. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/6/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
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    Feedback links bettween economy-wide and farm-level policies : application to irrigation water management in Morocco (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3550
    Parallel Title: Roe, Terry L Feedback links bettween economy-wide and farm-level policies
    Keywords: Agriculture and state ; Irrigation ; Water-supply Management ; Agriculture and state ; Irrigation ; Water-supply Management
    Abstract: "The authors focus on policy interventions for improving irrigation water allocation decisions by including both macro and micro considerations in a unified analytical computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework. The approach is demonstrated, using the case of Morocco, by analyzing selected policy (top-down and bottom-up) interventions and external shocks that affect the water sector. Both direct and indirect effects of these interventions are identified. The top-down (macro-to-micro) links are of a trade reform type. The bottom-up (micro-to-macro) links pertain to changes in farm water assignments and the possibility of water trading. The authors find that water productivity is strongly influenced by these policies, with the general equilibrium (indirect) effects modifying and sometimes reversing the partial equilibrium (direct) effects. They also find that the impacts of the two reforms assessed are different, with trade reform having an absolute impact of a higher magnitude than the water reform. Finally, the authors show that the sequence of introducing the policy reforms has different consequences. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/6/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
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    Supervision of financial conglomerates : the case of Chile (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3553
    Parallel Title: Stephanou, Constantinos Supervision of financial conglomerates
    Keywords: Conglomerate corporations State supervision ; Financial institutions State supervision ; Conglomerate corporations State supervision ; Financial institutions State supervision
    Abstract: "The author describes the presence of financial conglomerates and assesses the extent to which the risks they introduce to the Chilean financial system are mitigated by existing oversight arrangements (and at what cost). In particular, he questions whether the current silo-based supervisory framework, which has served the system fairly well until now, can continue unchanged given growing inter-linkages in the financial system. The author proposes a high-level short- and medium-term supervisory reform agenda that addresses identified vulnerabilities relating to financial conglomerates and continues the migration from a rules-oriented to a risk-based supervisory approach that has gradually been taking place in Chile in recent years. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
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    Credit risk measurement under Basel II : an overview and implementation issues for developing countries (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3556
    Parallel Title: Stephanou, Constantinos Credit risk measurement under Basel II
    Keywords: Basel II ; Basel II ; Country risk ; Credit ; Country risk ; Credit
    Abstract: "The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the changes in the calculation of minimum regulatory capital requirements for credit risk that have been drafted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel II). Even though the revised credit capital rules represent a dramatic change compared to Basel I, it is shown that Basel II merely seeks to codify (albeit incompletely) existing good practices in bank risk measurement. However, its effective implementation in many developing countries is hindered by fundamental weaknesses in financial infrastructure that will need to be addressed as a priority. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
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    Singapore as an innovative city in East Asia : an explorative study of the perspectives of innovative industries (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3568
    Parallel Title: Wong, Poh Kam Singapore as an innovative city in East Asia
    Keywords: Creative ability in business ; Industrial efficiency ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Creative ability in business ; Industrial efficiency ; Technological innovations Economic aspects
    Abstract: "The city-state of Singapore has achieved rapid economic development in the past by its positioning as an efficient business hub in Asia. To remain competitive in the global knowledge economy, however, Singapore needs to move beyond efficiency by developing a strong "innovative" edge as well. This paper examines the challenges that Singapore faces in seeking to do so through an explorative survey of 40 firms from three innovative sectors: high-tech manufacturing industries, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), and creative content industries. Overall, while the survey confirms Singapore's continuing competitive strength in efficiency infrastructure, it also finds a favorable perception of Singapore as an innovative city. Indeed, many of the industry actors indicated that an efficient business infrastructure is a prerequisite for locating their innovative activities in Singapore, suggesting that the relationship between innovation and efficiency is complementary, rather than substitutional. While the study found that intellectual property and its protection are widely recognized by actors in all three sectors, interesting differences exist. In particular, intellectual property protection appears to be of greater concern to the high-tech research and development-intensive manufacturing sector and the creative contents sector than to the KIBS sector. Another interesting difference is that while competition in high-tech innovation tends to be global, competition in creative content tends to have a stronger local or regional dimension. Public policy in East Asia has traditionally emphasized the development of technological innovation capabilities in the manufacturing sector. In light of the findings, public policymakers may need to be more sensitive to the nuanced differences in policies needed to promote the new creative content industries and the associated supporting KIBS. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/28/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
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    The effects of migration on child health in Mexico (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3573
    Parallel Title: Hildebrandt, Nicole The effects of migration on child health in Mexico
    Keywords: Child health services ; Child health services ; Mexico Emigration and immigration ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Mexico Emigration and immigration ; United States Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "The authors investigate the impact of international migration on child health outcomes in rural Mexico using a nationally representative demographic survey. They use historic migration networks as instruments for current household migration to the United States in order to correct for the possible endogeneity of migrant status. They find that children in migrant households have lower rates of infant mortality and higher birth-weights. The authors study the channels through which migration may affect health outcomes and find evidence that migration raises health knowledge in addition to the direct effect on wealth. However they also find that preventative health care, such as breastfeeding and vaccinations, is less likely for children in migrant households. These results provide a broader and more nuanced view of the health consequences of migration than is offered by the existing literature. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/10/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
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    On the contribution of demographic change to aggregate poverty measures for the developing world (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3580
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin On the contribution of demographic change to aggregate poverty measures for the developing world
    Keywords: Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Poor ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Poor
    Abstract: "Recent literature and new data help determine plausible bounds to some key demographic differences between the poor and non-poor in the developing world. The author estimates that selective mortality-whereby poorer people tend to have higher death rates-accounts for 10-30 percent of the developing world's trend rate of
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
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    Capital markets and e-fraud : policy note and concept paper for future study (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3586
    Parallel Title: Kellermann, Tom Capital markets and e-fraud
    Keywords: Capital market ; Electronic commerce ; Internet fraud ; Capital market ; Electronic commerce ; Internet fraud
    Abstract: "The technological dependency of securities exchanges on internet-based (IP) platforms has dramatically increased the industry's exposure to reputation, market, and operational risks. In addition, the convergence of several innovations in the market are adding stress to these systems. These innovations affect everything from software to system design and architecture. These include the use of XML (extensible markup language) as the industry IP language, STP or straight through processing of data, pervasive or diffuse computing and grid computing, as well as the increased use of Internet and wireless. The fraud is not new, rather, the magnitude and speed by which fraud can be committed has grown exponentially due to the convergence of once private networks on-line. It is imperative that senior management of securities markets and brokerage houses be properly informed of the negative externalities associated with e-brokerage and the possible critical points of failure that exist in today's digitized financial sector as they grow into tomorrow's exchanges. The overwhelming issue regarding e-finance is to determine the true level of understanding that senior management has about on-line platforms, including the inherent risks and the depth of the need to use it wisely. Kellermann and McNevin attempt to highlight the various risks that have been magnified by the increasing digitalization of processes within the brokerage arena and explain the need for concerted research and analysis of these as well as the profound consequences that may entail without proper planning. An effective legal, regulatory, and enforcement framework is essential for creating the right incentive structure for market participants. The legal and regulatory framework should focus on the improvement of internal monitoring of risks and vulnerabilities, greater information sharing about these risks and vulnerabilities, education and training on the care and use of these technologies, and better reporting of risks and responses. Public/private partnerships and collaborations also are needed to create an electronic commerce (e-commerce) environment that is safe and sound. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/17/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
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    Access to financial services : a review of the issues and public policy objectives (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3589
    Parallel Title: Claessens, Stijn Access to financial services
    Keywords: Financial services industry Case studies ; Financial services industry Case studies
    Abstract: "This paper reviews the evidence on the importance of finance for economic well-being, provides data on the degree of use of basic financial services by households and firms across a sample of countries, assesses the desirability of more universal access, and overviews the macroeconomic, legal, and regulatory obstacles to access using general evidence and case studies. Although access to finance can be very beneficial, the data show that universal use is far from prevalent in many countries, especially developing countries. At the same time, universal access has generally not been a public policy objective and is surely not easily achievable in most countries. Countries can, however, undertake many actions to facilitate access to financial services, including through strengthening their institutional infrastructures, liberalizing and opening up their markets and facilitating greater competition, and encouraging innovative use of know-how and technology. Government attempts and interventions to directly broaden the provision of access to finance, however, are fraught with risks and costs, among others, the risk of missing the targeted groups. The author concludes with possible global actions aimed at improving data on access and use, and areas for further analysis to help identify the constraints to broadening access. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/16/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
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    Anti-dumping policies and safeguard measures in the context of Costa Rica's economic liberalization (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3591
    Parallel Title: Monge González, Ricardo Anti-dumping policies and safeguard measures in the context of Costa Rica's economic liberalization
    Keywords: Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade
    Abstract: "This paper reviews the most important changes, both in the economy and in the legal and institutional framework, to deal with unfair trade practices that Costa Rica has experienced during its trade liberalization process. It also evaluates whether the sectors that as a result of such a process have been facing increased foreign competition, and may have attempted to use the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules adopted by Costa Rica as a protectionist instrument. Costa Rica's legal framework against unfair trade practices at the multilateral level emerged when the country adopted the WTO rules on antidumping policies and safeguard measures. That has been reinforced at the bilateral level through the subscription of free trade agreements with Central America, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Chile, and Canada. So far, only six antidumping petitions and five safeguards have been received by the government. In reviewing these petitions, the government has paid particular attention to the impact of any action on the competitiveness of the domestic market and on the possibility that it would support modernization of the industry. Behind the political acceptance of this disciplined approach lies widespread recognition of the social as well as economic progress that liberalization has supported. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
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    Migration, trade, and foreign investment in Mexico (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3601
    Parallel Title: Aroca González, Patricio Migration, trade, and foreign investment in Mexico
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Migration, Internal ; Investments, Foreign ; Migration, Internal ; Mexico Emigration and immigration ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Mexico Emigration and immigration ; United States Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "Part of the rationale for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that it would increase trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, creating jobs and reducing migration to the United States. Since poor data on illegal flows to the United States make direct measurement difficult, Aroca and Maloney instead evaluate the mechanism behind these predictions using data on migration within Mexico where the census data permit careful analysis. They offer the first specifications for migration within Mexico, incorporating measures of cost of living, amenities, and networks. Contrary to much of the literature, labor market variables enter very significantly and as predicted once the authors control for possible credit constraint effects. Greater exposure to FDI and trade deters out-migration with the effects working partly through the labor market. Finally, the authors generate some tentative inferences about the impact on increased FDI on Mexico-U.S. migration. On average, a doubling of FDI inflows leads to a 1.5-2 percent fall in migration. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
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    Measuring microfinance access : building on existing cross-country data (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3606
    Parallel Title: Honohan, Patrick Measuring microfinance access
    Keywords: Financial services industry ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial services industry ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal
    Abstract: "Given the acknowledged need for a new effort to expand the set of available data on direct access to financial services, including a focus on access by those at low income, Honohan provides a selective review of the diverse sources of data that exist and considers how best to build on them. He proposes a basic framework within which to consider the analysis of the interesting questions: (1) How does access affect poverty and productivity? and (2) What hinders access? The author discusses existing and potential contribution of household and business user surveys, surveys of providers and their regulators, and surveys of experts, and assesses their relative strengths. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/13/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
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    Why governments should stop non-social subsidies : measuring their consequences for rural Latin America (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3609
    Parallel Title: Lápez, Ramán Why governments should stop non-social subsidies
    Keywords: Subsidies ; Subsidies ; Latin America Appropriations and expenditures ; Latin America Rural conditions ; Latin America Appropriations and expenditures ; Latin America Rural conditions
    Abstract: "The provision of public goods and the amelioration of market failure are the classical justifications for government intervention in the economy. In reality, (1) governments intervene in markets that are not affected by failure, and (2) a large share of the government resources is spent in private goods, not in public goods. In contrast to issue 1, issue 2 has received little attention in the literature, in spite of the potentially large efficiency and equity losses arising from misguided allocations of public expenditures. Lápez empirically documents the size of (2) in the rural sector and investigates its consequences for rural development for 10 Latin American countries over the 1985-2000 period. The econometric evidence suggests that the structure of public expenditures is an important factor of economic development in the rural sector, much greater than that of the level of public expenditures and of other factors on which the development literature has traditionally focused. Expanding total public expenditure in rural areas while maintaining the existing public expenditure composition prevailing in certain countries does little to promote agricultural income and reduce rural poverty. Spending a significant share of government resources in (non-social) subsidies causes less agriculture income, induces an excessive reliance of agriculture on land expansion, and reduces the income of the rural poor. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/13/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
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    Scrutinizing public expenditures : assessing the performance of public accounts committees, volume 1 of 2 (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3613
    Parallel Title: Stapenhurst, Rick Scrutinizing public expenditures
    Keywords: Finance, Public Case studies Accounting ; Finance, Public Case studies Accounting
    Abstract: "In 2002, David McGee wrote a comprehensive report on two important elements in the system of public financial accountability, namely the office of the Auditor General and the parliamentary oversight committee commonly referred to as the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). The purpose of the present paper is to deepen McGee's analysis of PACs. In particular, the authors define PAC success and identify those factors that affect PAC peformance. They use data that were collected by the World Bank Institute in 2002, when a survey questionnaire was sent to 51 national and state/provincial parliaments in Commonwealth countries in Asia and Australasia, and Canada and the United Kingdom. The authors find that the institutional factors which most account for the success of the PACs are the focus on government's financial activity rather than its policies, the power to investigate all past and present government expenses, the power to follow up on government action in response to its recommendations, and its relationship with the Auditors General. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/20/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
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    Beyond tariffs and quotas : why don't African manufacturers export more? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3617
    Parallel Title: Clarke, George R. G Beyond tariffs and quotas
    Keywords: Exports ; Manufactures ; Exports ; Manufactures
    Abstract: "There has been much concern about Africa's recent export performance. Even though tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade have been falling, Africa's share of world exports has declined and most African countries remain highly dependent on a narrow range of primary commodities for export earnings. The author looks at factors that affect the export performance of manufacturing enterprises in eight African countries. In addition to enterprise characteristics (such as size, ownership, and education of the manager), policy-related variables also affect export performance. Manufacturing enterprises are less likely to export in countries with restrictive trade and customs regulation and poor customs administration. In contrast, there is less evidence that the quality of domestic transportation infrastructure has a large impact on export performance. Although the coefficient on this variable is negative, it is statistically insignificant in most model specifications. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/2/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
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    Fiscal space for investment in infrastructure in Colombia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3629
    Parallel Title: Suescun, Rodrigo Fiscal space for investment in infrastructure in Colombia
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Colombia Economic policy ; Colombia Economic policy
    Abstract: "For the evaluation of macroeconomic policies Colombian authorities rely heavily, if not exclusively, on the operational framework known as the Financial Programming Model developed by the International Monetary Fund in the 1950s. Based on this static framework, the formulation of fiscal policy in the country, just as in various Latin American countries, focuses primarily on fiscal deficit and gross debt targets. However, the type of fiscal policy advice derived from it is not useful for understanding the asset-creating nature and the inter-temporal tradeoffs involved in public investment decisions. The author develops a perfect foresight, dynamic small open economy model to provide an alternative framework for fiscal analysis and policy purposes. He shows that the two competing frameworks deliver differing paths for the expected behavior of the Colombian economy. He then uses the proposed framework to study the likely consequences of using public capital spending to achieve deficit targets since, in addition to an already high public debt, in the years ahead unfunded pension obligations will put enormous pressure on the Colombian government's solvency. The results indicate that public capital compression is costly in terms of foregone growth and very ineffective in achieving fiscal consolidation. The adoption of fiscal rules such as the golden rule or the permanent balance rule to shield public investment from undue budgetary pressures makes little sense in the presence of sustainability concerns. The author shows that a transitory capital spending increase is not self-amortizing in the long run; hence an extra peso of public capital spending deteriorates the inter-temporal fiscal position. A permanent increase largely pays for itself in terms of additional tax revenue but this effect is offset by a deterioration of infrastructure user charges, as long as public prices are determined competitively. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
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    Governance matters IV : governance indicators for 1996-2004, volume 1 of 2 (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3630
    Parallel Title: Kaufmann, Daniel Governance matters IV
    Keywords: Economic development ; Political corruption ; Political stability ; Public administration ; Economic development ; Political corruption ; Political stability ; Public administration
    Abstract: "The authors present the latest update of their aggregate governance indicators, together with new analysis of several issues related to the use of these measures. The governance indicators measure the following six dimensions of governance: (1) voice and accountability; (2) political instability and violence; (3) government effectiveness; (4) regulatory quality; (5) rule of law, and (6) control of corruption. They cover 209 countries and territories for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2004. They are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 37 separate data sources constructed by 31 organizations. The authors present estimates of the six dimensions of governance for each period, as well as margins of error capturing the range of likely values for each country. These margins of error are not unique to perceptions-based measures of governance, but are an important feature of all efforts to measure governance, including objective indicators. In fact, the authors give examples of how individual objective measures provide an incomplete picture of even the quite particular dimensions of governance that they are intended to measure. The authors also analyze in detail changes over time in their estimates of governance; provide a framework for assessing the statistical significance of changes in governance; and suggest a simple rule of thumb for identifying statistically significant changes in country governance over time. The ability to identify significant changes in governance over time is much higher for aggregate indicators than for any individual indicator. While the authors find that the quality of governance in a number of countries has changed significantly (in both directions), they also provide evidence suggesting that there are no trends, for better or worse, in global averages of governance. Finally, they interpret the strong observed correlation between income and governance, and argue against recent efforts to apply a discount to governance performance in low-income countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
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    Corporate governance and bank performance : a joint analysis of the static, selection, and dynamic effects of domestic, foreign, and state ownership (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3632
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Corporate governance and bank performance
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Corporate governance ; Privatization ; Banks and banking ; Corporate governance ; Privatization
    Abstract: "The authors jointly analyze the static, selection, and dynamic effects of domestic, foreign, and state ownership on bank performance. They argue that it is important to include indicators of all the relevant governance effects in the same model. "Nonrobustness" checks (which purposely exclude some indicators) support this argument. Using data from Argentina in the 1990s, their strongest and most robust results concern state ownership. State-owned banks have poor long-term performance (static effect), those undergoing privatization had particularly poor performance beforehand (selection effect), and these banks dramatically improved following privatization (dynamic effect. However, much of the measured improvement is likely due to placing nonperforming loans into residual entities, leaving "good" privatized banks."--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
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    Quantifying the rural-urban gradient in Latin America and the Caribbean (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3634
    Parallel Title: Chomitz, Kenneth M Quantifying the rural-urban gradient in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Keywords: Rural population ; Rural population ; Rural population ; Rural population
    Abstract: "This paper addresses the deceptively simple question: What is the rural population of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? It argues that rurality is a gradient, not a dichotomy, and nominates two dimensions to that gradient: population density and remoteness from large metropolitan areas. It uses geographically referenced population data (from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3) to tabulate the distribution of populations in Latin America and in individual countries by population density and by remoteness. It finds that the popular perception of Latin America as a 75 percent urban continent is misleading. Official census criteria, though inconsistent between countries, tend to classify as "urban" small settlements of less than 2,000 people. Many of these settlements are however embedded in an agriculturally based countryside. The paper finds that about 13 percent of Latin America populations live at ultra-low densities of less than 20 per square kilometer. Essentially these people are more than an hour's distance from a large city, and more than half live more than four hours' distance. A quarter of the population of Latin America is estimated to live at densities below 50, again essentially all of them more than an hour's distance from a large city. Almost half (46 pecent) of Latin America live at population densities below 150 (a conventional threshold for urban areas), and more than 90 percent of this group is at least an hour's distance from a city; about one-third of them (18 percent of the total) are more than four hours distance from a large city. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
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    The economic consequences of health shocks (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3644
    Parallel Title: Wagstaff, Adam The economic consequences of health shocks
    Keywords: Medical care, Cost of ; Medical economics ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medical economics
    Abstract: "While there is a great deal of anecdotal evidence on the economic effects of adverse health shocks, there is relatively little hard empirical evidence. The author builds on recent empirical work to explore in the context of postreform Vietnam two related issues: (1) how far household income and medical care spending responds to health shocks, and (2) how far household consumption is protected against health shocks. The results suggest that adverse health shocks - captured by negative changes in body mass index (BMI) - are associated with reductions in earned income. This appears to be only partly - if at all - due to a reverse feedback from income changes to BMI changes. By contrast, there is a hint - the relevant coefficient is not significant - that adverse BMI shocks may result in increases in unearned income. This may reflect additional gifts, remittances, and so on, from family and friends following the health shock. Medical spending is found to increase following an adverse health shock, but not among those with health insurance. The impact for the uninsured is large, equal in absolute size to the income loss associated with a BMI shock. The lack of impact for the insured points to complete insurance against the medical care costs associated with health shocks, and is consistent with the very generous coverage of Vietnam's health insurance program in this period. The question arises: have Vietnamese households been able to hold their food and nonfood consumption constant in the face of these income reductions and extra medical care outlays? The results suggest not. For the sample as a whole, both food and nonfood consumption are found to be responsive to health shocks, indicating an inability to smooth nonmedical consumption in the face of health shocks. Further analysis reveals some interesting differences across different groups within the sample. Households with insurance come no closer to smoothing nonmedical consumption than uninsured households. Furthermore, and somewhat counterintuitively, better-off households - including insured households - fare worse than poorer households in smoothing their nonmedical consumption in the face of health shocks, despite the fact that in the case of insured households there are no medical bills associated with an adverse health event. Why the poor rely on dissaving and borrowing to such an extent, and do not apparently reduce their food and nonfood consumption following an adverse health shock while the better-off do, may be because the levels of food and nonfood consumption of the poor are simply too low relative to basic needs to enable them to cut back in the face of an adverse BMI shock. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
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    Improving child nutrition outcomes in India : can the integrated child development services be more effective? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3647
    Parallel Title: Das Gupta, Monica Improving child nutrition outcomes in India
    Keywords: Children Nutrition ; Malnutrition in children ; Children Nutrition ; Malnutrition in children
    Abstract: "Levels of child malnutrition in India fell only slowly during the 1990s, despite significant economic growth and large public spending on the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program, of which the major component is supplementary feeding for malnourished children. To unravel this puzzle, the authors assess the program's placement and its outcomes using National Family Health Survey data from 1992 and 1998. They find that program placement is clearly regressive across states. The states with the greatest need for the program - the poor northern states with high levels of child malnutrition and nearly half of India's population - have the lowest program coverage and the lowest budgetary allocations from the central government. Program placement within a state is more progressive: poorer and larger villages have a higher probability of having an ICDS center, as do those with other development programs or community associations. The authors also find little evidence of program impact on child nutrition status in villages with ICDS centers. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
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    Institutional and policy analysis of river basin management : the Jaguaribe river basin, Ceara, Brazil (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3649
    Parallel Title: Johnsson, Rosa Maria Formiga Institutional and policy analysis of river basin management
    Keywords: Water-supply ; Watershed management ; Water-supply ; Watershed management
    Abstract: "The authors describe and analyze water resources reform and decentralization of river basin management in the state of Ceara, Northeast Brazil, the poorest part of the country. The Jaguaribe river basin is located entirely within the state of Ceara. With a drainage area of 72,560 square kilometers, it covers almost half of the state's territory. The basin has 80 municipalities and more than 2 million people, about half rural and half urban, in primarily small towns, representing about a third of Ceara's population. Precipitation in the basin is highly variable, ranging from 400 mm in the hinterland to 1,200 mm along the coast. Rivers in the basin are ephemeral and only flow during the rainy season. The key water management challenge is to capture the water in reservoirs in rainy years and to manage it such that it will last for several years, in case the following years are drought years. The other important challenge is the increasing dependence of the state capital Fortaleza, located in a different basin, on water from the Jaguaribe basin. Decentralization of decisionmaking has taken place at two levels. Devolution from the federal to the state level in the past 15 years was highly successful. The state has created its own Water Resources Management Company (COGERH) which is responsible for water resources management throughout the state. Decentralization from state to local level has been more partial. Although COGERH has decentralized the allocation of strategic reservoir waters to local institutions, many traditional water management attributions continue under its and the state's purview, such as water permits, bulk water pricing, planning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic infrastructure, groundwater management, and control. The creation of sub-basin committees and user commissions has increased stakeholder participation of all types. Although so far stakeholder involvement has been limited largely to the negotiated allocation of water and to conflict resolution, these experiences represent a radical transformation in management practices, transforming water users from uninformed takers of water management decisions to informed and aware participants in the management process. That said, local stakeholders still have no say in some decisionmaking processes that affect them directly, such as bulk water pricing or inter-basin transfers to Greater Fortaleza, which continue solely under the control of state government agencies. The case of the Jaguaribe basin shows that (1) long-standing political support is of major importance in the development and implementation of water resources management reform, (2) that institutional arrangements for water resources management can successfully be adapted to local conditions to achieve positive outcomes, and (3) that even with initial conditions that seem to not favor change, decentralization can be achieved"--World Bank Web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
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    Antidumping mechanisms and safeguards in Peru (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3658
    Parallel Title: Webb, Richard Antidumping mechanisms and safeguards in Peru
    Keywords: Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Dumping (International trade) ; Free trade ; Peru Commerce ; Peru Commerce
    Abstract: "Peru's experience in the application of antidumping and safeguard measures is characterized by a radical change in the philosophy and procedures of trade at the beginning of the 1990s, and by an increasing use of these mechanisms. Trade liberalization was accompanied by the liberalization of foreign currency transactions and of financial and labor markets. Also, the internal revenue administration was modernized, institutions for regulation and competition defense were created, and state enterprises were transferred to private owners or concessionaires. New laws and institutions were created to regulate markets, including INDECOPI, a novel government agency charged with antimonopoly regulation and consumer defense, and which houses the Antidumping and Subsidies Commission. This highly autonomous and technical Commission became the central player in the implementation of WTO rules and procedures for fair trade. Since the reform was launched, a total of 81 trade protection cases have been presented, of which 57 were followed by a dumping investigation. The application of antidumping duties was approved for 29 of the cases investigated. Only two cases of safeguard investigations were recorded, one of which (Chinese textile clothing articles) is still in the negotiation phase. This paper reviews that case experience in detail, concluding that Peru has clearly differentiated between unfair competition and dumping on the one hand, and damage and safeguards on the other, and has applied strict technical criteria to the former and broader political considerations to the latter. Despite recent indications of a partial retreat from those principles, the decade-old reform is expected to last. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
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    Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3661
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments
    Abstract: "The authors examine the impact of public infrastructure on private capital formation in three countries of the Middle East and North Africa-Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. They highlight various channels through which public infrastructure may affect private investment. Then they describe their empirical framework, which is based on a vector autoregression (VAR) model that accounts for flows and (quality-adjusted) stocks of public infrastructure, private investment, as well as changes in output, private sector credit, and the real exchange rate. The authors propose two aggregate measures of the quality of public infrastructure and use principal components to derive a composite indicator. Their analysis suggests that public infrastructure has both "flow" and "stock" effects on private investment in Egypt, but only a "stock" effect in Jordan and Tunisia. But these effects are small and short-lived, reflecting the unfavorable environment for private investment in their sample of countries. Reducing unproductive public capital expenditure and improving quality must be accompanied by policy reforms aimed at limiting investment to infrastructure capital that crowds in the private sector and corrects for fundamental market failures. This will entail privatization and greater involvement of the private sector in infrastructure investment. While infrastructure (in the form of the provision of critical telecommunications, transport, and energy services) is important, other improvements in the environment in which domestic investment is conducted are crucial. These include the need to provide financing on adequate terms and guarantee a secure and efficient justice system. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
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    Productivity, ownership, and the investment climate : international lessons for priorities in Serbia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3681
    Parallel Title: Goldberg, Itzhak Productivity, ownership, and the investment climate
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Investments ; Privatization ; Industrial productivity ; Investments ; Privatization
    Abstract: "The authors use data on 27,000 firms from 50 countries, half of which are transition economies, together with the case of Serbia to examine the relationship between productivity, the investment climate, and private ownership of firms. As government capacity to address investment climate constraints is limited, the prioritization of the constraints is critical. Identification of the relative effects of various investment climate constraints and ownership on productivity should serve as a guide for such prioritization. Although ownership has recently received less attention in policy decisions than before, according to the econometric analysis of productivity reported by the authors, private ownership is an equally or more important determinant of productivity than other components of the investment climate. The importance of ownership shows that an unfinished privatization and restructuring agenda might have negative effects on productivity, in parallel to poor investment climate. Another important finding is that countries in which firms complain more about infrastructure tend to have less productive firms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
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    The poverty and distributional impact of macroeconomic shocks and policies : a review of modeling approaches (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3682
    Parallel Title: Essama-Nssah, B The poverty and distributional impact of macroeconomic shocks and policies
    Keywords: Financial crises Mathematical models ; Income distribution Mathematical models ; Poverty Mathematical models ; Financial crises Mathematical models ; Income distribution Mathematical models ; Poverty Mathematical models
    Abstract: "The importance of distributional issues in policymaking creates a need for empirical tools to assess the social impact of economic shocks and policies. This paper reviews some of the modeling approaches that are currently in use at the World Bank and other international financial institutions. The specification of these models is dictated by the issues at stake, the knowledge about the nature of the process involved, and the availability and reliability of relevant data. Furthermore, shocks and policies have macroeconomic, structural, and distributional implications. This creates interdependence between such policy issues. Finally, the distributional impact of shocks and policies hinges on the heterogeneity of socioeconomic agents with respect to endowments and behavior. In the end, each modeling approach should be judged on how well it handles the interdependence between policy issues and the heterogeneity of the stakeholders, given other constraints. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
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    Symbolic public goods and the coordination of collective action : a comparison of local development in India and Indonesia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3685
    Parallel Title: Rao, Vijayendra Symbolic public goods and the coordination of collective action
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government ; Municipal services ; Municipal services ; Progressive taxation ; Progressive taxation ; Public goods ; Public goods ; Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government ; Municipal services ; Municipal services ; Progressive taxation ; Progressive taxation ; Public goods ; Public goods
    Abstract: "Most economists think of common property as physical-a body of water, a forest-and as bounded within geographic space. In this paper, building on work in social theory, the author argues that common property can also be social-defined within symbolic space. People can be bound by well-defined symbolic agglomerations that have characteristics similar to common property. He calls these "symbolic public goods" (SPGs) and make the case that such constructs are central to understanding collective action. He illustrates the point by contrasting how conceptions of nationalism in Indonesia and India created SPGs that resulted in very different strategies of local development. Indonesia emphasized collective action by the poor that resulted in a form of regressive taxation, enforced by the ideology of svadaya gotong royong (community self-help) that was both internalized and coercively enforced. India emphasized democratic decentralization through the panchayat system driven by the Gandhian ideology of gram swaraj (self-reliant villages). This has resulted in an unusual equity-efficiency tradeoff. Indonesia has delivered public services much more efficiently than India did, but at the cost of democratic freedoms and voice. The author argues that the challenge for these countries is not to undermine their existing SPGs but to build on them. Indonesia should retain the spirit of svadaya gotong royong but channel it in an equitable and democratic direction, while India should build the capacity of the panchayat system by giving it fiscal teeth, while promoting underutilized institutions such as Gram Sabhas (village meetings) that encourage accountability and transparency. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
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    Resistance to multilateral influence on reform : the political backlash against private infrastructure investments (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3690
    Parallel Title: Henisz, Witold J Resistance to multilateral influence on reform
    Keywords: Electric power Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies ; Loans, Foreign Case studies ; Electric power Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies ; Loans, Foreign Case studies
    Abstract: "Coercive isomorphism is a prominent source of institutional change. The literature to date has emphasized how actors that are powerful and legitimate (for example, a national government) may coerce the adoption of reforms by dependent actors (for example, state governments and other organizations whose activities are governed by the federal government). The authors observe that an actor's power alone may be sufficient to promote reform, regardless of the actor's legitimacy. But such reforms are more susceptible to subsequent change than those that emerge from processes not subject to the influence of external actors whose sway derives from their power alone. They develop and test their arguments in the context of the worldwide electricity provision industry by analyzing countries' adoption of reforms in response to conditional lending practices by multilateral organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The authors find that reforms adopted in response to coercive pressures exerted by these organizations encounter much greater resistance, and that the incidence of financial and economic crises, the absence of checks and balances in established political institutions, and the inexperience of investor coalitions dramatically increase the predicted level of resistance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/25/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 87
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    Urban poverty and transport : the case of Mumbai (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3693
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Urban poverty and transport
    Keywords: Commuting ; Poor Transportation ; Transportation ; Commuting ; Poor Transportation ; Transportation
    Abstract: "This paper reports the results of a survey of 5,000 households in the Greater Mumbai Region conducted in the winter of 2004. The goal of the survey was to better understand the demand for transport services by the poor, the factors affecting this demand, and the inter-linkages between transport decisions and other vital decisions such as where to live and work. This paper, the first of several research outputs, describes the salient facts about travel patterns in Mumbai for both poor and non-poor households. A striking finding of the survey is the extent to which all households-especially poor households-rely on walking. Overall, 44 percent of commuters in Mumbai walk to work. The proportion of the poor who walk to work is even higher-63 percent. Walking is an even higher modal share for nonwork than for work trips. A second finding is that public transit remains an important factor in the mobility of the poor, and especially in the mobility of the middle class. Overall, rail remains the main mode to work for 23 percent of commuters, while bus remains the main mode for 16 percent of commuters. The modal shares for bus are highest for the poor in zones 1-3 (21 percent of the poor in zone 2 take the bus to work), while rail shares are highest for the poor in the suburbs (25 percent of the poor in zone 6 take rail to work). Is the cost and lack of accessibility to transit a barrier to the mobility of the poor? Does it keep them from obtaining better housing and better jobs? This is a difficult question to answer without further analysis of the survey data. But it appears that transport is less of a barrier to the poor who live in central Mumbai (zones 1-3) than it is to the poor who live in the suburbs (zones 4-6). The poor who live in zones 1-3 (central Mumbai) live closer to the non-poor than do poor households in the suburbs. They also live closer to higher-paying jobs for unskilled workers. Workers in these households, on average, commute short distances (less than 3 kilometers), although a non-negligible fraction of them (one-third in zone 2) take public transit to work. It is true that the cost of housing for the poor is higher in central Mumbai than in the suburbs, but the quality of slum housing is at least as good in central Mumbai as in the suburbs. The poor who live in the suburbs of Mumbai, especially in zones 5 and 6, are more isolated from the rich than the poor in central Mumbai: 37 percent of the poor live in zones 5 and 6, whereas only one-fifth of higher income groups do. Wages for skilled and unskilled labor are generally lower in zones 5 and 6 than in the central city, and it appears that unemployment rates for poor males are also higher in these zones. The lower cost of slum and chawl housing in zones 5 and 6 may partly compensate for lower wages. However, a larger proportion of workers in poor households leave zones 5 and 6 to work than is true for poor workers in other zones. Commuting distances are much higher for poor workers in the suburbs than for poor workers in zones 1-3. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 88
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    Estimating household responses to trade reforms : net consumers and net producers in rural Mexico (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3695
    Parallel Title: Porto, Guido G Estimating household responses to trade reforms
    Keywords: Consumer behavior ; Households ; Consumer behavior ; Households ; Mexico Commercial policy ; Mexico Commercial policy
    Abstract: "This paper explores an empirical methodology to assess the impacts of trade reforms on household behavior in developing countries. It focuses on consumption and income responses: when price reforms take place, households modify consumption and production decisions and local labor markets adjust. The paper proposes a joint estimator of demand and wage price elasticities from survey data. The method uses an empirical model of demand to extract price information from unit values, and uses this information to estimate the response of households to price reforms. By correcting unit values for quality effects and measurement error, the method overcomes the problem of the endogeneity of unit values. By endogeneizing household income, the model corrects potential biases in the estimation of own- and cross-price elasticities in consumption. The paper applies the method to an expenditure and income survey for rural Mexico. It shows that the corrections suggested in this paper are empirically important. In particular, it shows that allowing for consumption and income responses is a key element of an accurate empirical assessment of trade policy. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/26/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 89
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    Costs of taxation and the benefits of public goods : the role of income effects (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3700
    Parallel Title: Martin, Will Costs of taxation and the benefits of public goods
    Keywords: Labor supply ; Public goods ; Taxation ; Labor supply ; Public goods ; Taxation
    Abstract: "The fact that raising taxes can increase taxed labor supply through income effects is frequently used to justify much lower measures of the marginal welfare cost of taxes and greater public good provision than indicated by traditional, compensated analyses. The authors confirm that this difference remains substantial with newer elasticity estimates, but show that either compensated or uncompensated measures of the marginal cost of funds can be used to evaluate the costs of taxation-and will provide the same result-as long as the income effects of both taxes and public good provision are incorporated in a consistent manner. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 90
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    Fiscal determinants of empowerment (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3705
    Parallel Title: Raich, Uri Fiscal determinants of empowerment
    Keywords: Central-local government relations ; Decentralization in government ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Central-local government relations ; Decentralization in government ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations
    Abstract: "Empowerment of local governments and citizens is a primary object of decentralization. Using the analytic lens of empowerment, the author explores the nature of decentralized governance and how this type of structure is likely to be more or less empowering. His primary concern is fiscal decentralization, specifically the association between fiscal determinants and the degree of empowerment of both citizens and local governments. The author's main argument is that both the revenue and expenditure characteristics of local public finances have an effect on the degree of empowerment. His hypothesis is that in a context of decentralized local governance, empowerment is most likely to occur when three conditions prevail: low costs of participation, large and flexible budgets, and a high proportion of tax revenues from a local base. But these ingredients for empowerment will not necessarily produce outcomes that are progressive and pro-poor. The author contrasts the intrinsic and the instrumental approaches to empowerment, but he does not assess the impact of empowerment on instrumental outcomes. For this hypothesis to support an instrumentalist perspective on empowerment, further empirical work must be conducted. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 91
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    How well do institutional theories explain firms' perceptions of property rights? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3709
    Parallel Title: Ayyagari, Meghana How well do institutional theories explain firms' perceptions of property rights?
    Keywords: Right of property Cross-cultural studies ; Right of property Cross-cultural studies
    Abstract: "The authors examine how well several institutional and firm-level factors and their interactions explain firms' perceptions of property rights protection. Their sample includes private and public firms that vary in size from very small to large in 62 countries. Together, the institutional theories they investigate account for approximately 70 percent of the country-level variation, indicating that the literature is addressing first-order factors. Firm-level characteristics such as legal organization and ownership structure are comparable to institutional factors in explaining variation in property rights protection. A country's legal origin and formalism index predict property rights variation better than its openness to international trade, its religion, its ethnic diversity, natural endowments or its political system. However, these results are driven by the inclusion of former socialist economies in the sample. When the authors exclude the former socialist economies, legal origin explains considerably less than openness to trade and endowments. Examining a broader set of variables for robustness, they again find that when they exclude former socialist countries, legal origin explains comparatively little of the variation in perceptions of judicial efficiency, corruption, taxes and regulation, street crime, and financing. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/6/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 92
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    Governance and the city : an empirical exploration into global determinants of urban performance (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3712
    Parallel Title: Kaufmann, Daniel Governance and the city
    Keywords: Globalization ; Municipal government ; Urban policy ; Globalization ; Municipal government ; Urban policy
    Abstract: "The authors contribute to the field of urban governance and globalization through an empirically-based exploration of determinants of the performance of cities. They construct a preliminary worldwide database for cities, containing variables and indicators of globalization (at the country and city level), city governance, city performance (access and quality of infrastructure service delivery), as well as other relevant city characteristics. This city database, encompassing hundreds of cities worldwide, integrates existing data with new data gathered for this research. The findings suggest that good governance and globalization (at both the country and city level) do matter for city-level performance in terms of access and quality of delivery of infrastructure services. The authors also find that globalization and good city governance are significantly related with each other. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that there are complex interactions between technology choices, governance, and city performance, as well as evidence of a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between city size and performance, challenging the view that very large cities necessarily exhibit lower performance and pointing instead to potential agglomeration economies. The framework also suggests a way of bridging two seemingly competing strands of the literature, namely viewing the city as a place or as an outcome. The authors conclude by pointing to the need for expanding the database and the econometric framework, and suggest research directions and policy implications emerging from this initial investigation on governance and the city. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 93
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    Rising returns to schooling in Argentina, 1992-2002 : productivity or credentialism? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3714
    Parallel Title: Savanti, Maria Paula Rising returns to schooling in Argentina, 1992-2002
    Keywords: Education Economic aspects ; Education, Secondary ; Elementary schools ; Education Economic aspects ; Education, Secondary ; Elementary schools
    Abstract: "There has not been much change in the premium to primary education, while the returns to secondary education increased, but by less than the premium to university. The returns to incomplete university also increased significantly. There is a signal that there might be credentialism at the tertiary level, but 15 years of schooling also represents a significant threshold. The returns to schooling are higher in the private sector. There is little evidence of screening or credentialism driving the returns to schooling, which increased significantly in Argentina from 1992 to 2002. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 94
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    Services in a development round : three goals and three proposals (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3718
    Parallel Title: Mattoo, Aaditya Services in a development round
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; International trade ; Labor mobility ; Service industries Government policy ; International trade ; Labor mobility ; Service industries Government policy
    Abstract: "The benefits of services trade reform are huge but services negotiations in the World Trade Organization (WTO) are making little progress. A proximate cause is the current negotiating process, based on an inertial request-and-offer approach rather than a set of goals that would give direction and momentum to the negotiations. The paper suggests that WTO members should consider: (1) locking in the current openness of cross-border trade for a wide range of services; (2) eliminating barriers to foreign investment either immediately or in a phased manner where regulatory inadequacies need to be remedied; and (3) allowing greater freedom of international movement at least for intra-corporate transferees and for service providers to fulfill specific services contracts. A deeper problem is that WTO members have sought to negotiate market access in services without adequately addressing concerns that the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) commitments limit regulatory freedom unduly and unpredictably, that regulatory institutions in many countries are too weak to cope with liberalized markets, and that there is no provision for the regulatory cooperation that is necessary for successful liberalization, particularly of temporary labor mobility. Three types of actions are needed: (1) at the current stage of its development, the GATS must focus primarily on disciplines for measures that discriminate against foreign services and providers, rather than on politically sensitive and legally complex rules for nondiscriminatory measures; (2) a credible assistance mechanism must be established to help developing countries make the regulatory improvements needed for successful liberalization; and (3) where necessary, WTO members should make access commitments on labor mobility conditional on the fulfillment of specific conditions by source countries-to screen services providers, accept and facilitate their return, and combat illegal migration. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/16/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 95
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    Determinants of city growth in Brazil (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3723
    Parallel Title: Da Mata, Daniel Determinants of city growth in Brazil
    Keywords: Economic geography ; Infrastructure (Economics) Government policy ; Land use Government policy ; Urban economics ; Urbanization History 20th century ; Economic geography ; Infrastructure (Economics) Government policy ; Land use Government policy ; Urban economics ; Urbanization History 20th century
    Abstract: "The authors examine the determinants of Brazilian city growth between 1970 and 2000. They consider a model of a city that combines aspects of standard urban economics and the new economic geography literatures. For the empirical analysis, the authors construct a dataset of 123 Brazilian agglomerations and estimate aspects of the demand and supply side, as well as a reduced form specification that describes city sizes and their growth. Their main findings are that increases in rural population supply, improvements in interregional transport connectivity, and education attainment of the labor force have strong impacts on city growth. They also find that local crime and violence, measured by homicide rates, impinge on growth. In contrast, a higher share of private sector industrial capital in the local economy stimulates growth. Using the residuals from the growth estimation, the authors also find that cities that better administer local land use and zoning laws have higher growth. Finally, their policy simulations show that diverting transport investments from large cities toward secondary cities does not provide significant gains in terms of national urban performance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/20/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 96
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    Introduction and summary to the handbook of trade policy and WTO accession for development in Russia and the CIS (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3726
    Parallel Title: Tarr, David Introduction and summary to the handbook of trade policy and WTO accession for development in Russia and the CIS
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Russia (Federation) Commercial policy ; Russia (Federation) Commercial policy
    Abstract: "This paper is the introduction and summary chapter of the 43 chapter volume entitled Handbook of Trade Policy and WTO Accession for Development in Russia and the CIS. The key policy conclusions of each of the chapters are highlighted in this paper. The Handbook will be published only in Russian in 2005, but an English language version of the majority of the papers described here is available on the website www.worldbank.org/trade/russia-wto. This paper first explains the potential importance of World Trade Organization (WTO) accession as a development tool, and discusses the recent successful development models and the role of trade policy in their development. The paper then summarizes the three parts of the Handbook. The first part treats trade policy (with applications to Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States [CIS]). The second part treats World Trade Organization institutions and disciplines, again with Russia and CIS applications. And the third part focuses on various aspects of the impact of WTO accession on Russia. The numerous papers that relate trade policy and WTO accession to experience in Russia and the CIS are likely to be of special interest to native English speakers, since these papers are new to the literature. The papers in the Handbook are intended to be non-technical materials accessible to a wide policy audience. The Handbook forms the basis of a World Bank Institute course on trade policy and WTO accession, which has been delivered and will be delivered again on multiple occasions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 97
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    Equity, welfare, and the setting of trade policy in general equilibrium (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3731
    Parallel Title: Francois, Joseph F Equity, welfare, and the setting of trade policy in general equilibrium
    Keywords: Commercial policy ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Welfare economics ; Commercial policy ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Welfare economics
    Abstract: "The authors analyze general equilibrium relationships between trade policy and the household distribution of income, decomposing social welfare into real income level and variance components and emphasizing Gini and Atkinson indexes. They embed these inequality-adjusted social welfare functions in a general equilibrium structure mapping from tariff protection to household inequality. This yields predictions regarding the linkages between trade protection, country characteristics, and inequality within a broad general equilibrium framework. In addition, the authors can separate the efficiency and equity effects of tariffs on welfare. They then examine endogenous tariff formation when policymakers care about both equity and special interests. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/29/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 98
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    Does openness imply greater exposure ? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3733
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Does openness imply greater exposure ?
    Keywords: Economic development ; Financial crises ; International economic integration ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; International economic integration
    Abstract: "External exposure can be measured by the sensitivity of first and second moments of economic growth to openness and foreign shocks. This paper provides an empirical evaluation of external exposure using panel data methods for a worldwide sample of countries. Controlling for domestic conditions, the paper examines the growth and volatility effects of outcome measures of trade and financial integration, as well as four types of foreign shocks: terms of trade changes, trading partners' growth rates, international real interest rate changes, and net regional capital inflows. The paper analyzes the possibility of nonlinearities by allowing the growth and volatility effects of openness to vary with the general level of economic development and by letting the effects of foreign shocks depend on the degree of trade and financial integration. The findings point toward strong non-monotonic effects of openness and external shocks on growth and volatility. Moreover, all in all, the results contradict the view that international integration increases external vulnerability by hurting growth and increasing volatility or by amplifying the adverse effect of external shocks. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/30/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 99
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    Patenting and research and development : a global view (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3739
    Parallel Title: Bosch, Mariano Patenting and research and development
    Keywords: Intellectual property ; Patents ; Research, Industrial ; Intellectual property ; Patents ; Research, Industrial
    Abstract: "Using a new global data base on patents and innovation inputs, the authors examine the process of knowledge creation measured by the dynamic relationship between research and development and U.S. patents granted. They confirm at the country level the recurrent micro-level finding of a strong relationship between the two and estimate the OECD elasticity to be effectively equal to one. This conflicts with the frequent micro-level finding of strongly diminishing returns in knowledge generation and suggests the importance of knowledge spillover effects measurable only at the aggregate level. Developing countries, however, do show diminishing returns. The authors then explain the differences in spillovers between the OECD and developing countries by testing for the impact of measures of the functioning of the national innovation system-the set of institutions and agents that create and disseminate knowledge. Across the entire sample education, security of intellectual property rights, and in some specifications, the quality of research institutions and their interaction with the private sector, affect the transformation of research and development into patents. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 100
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    Spatial dimensions of trade liberalization and economic convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3744
    Parallel Title: Aroca, Patricio Spatial dimensions of trade liberalization and economic convergence
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade ; Mexico Economic conditions 1994- ; Regional disparities ; Mexico Economic conditions 1994- ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "This paper studies the spatial dimension of growth in Mexico over the past three decades. The literature on regional economic growth shows a decrease in regional dispersion from 1970 to 1985, and a sharp increase afterward coinciding with the trade liberalization of the Mexican economy. Using spatial econometric, tools the authors analyze how the process of convergence/divergence has mapped spatially and whether it makes sense to talk about spatial regions in Mexico. Although the rich North-poor South dichotomy has dominated this phenomenon, interesting patterns emerge. Namely the distribution of growth after Mexico's post-liberalization seems to be much less associated with distance to the United States than the authors had initially expected. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/11/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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