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  • Online Resource  (2,814)
  • 2000-2004  (2,814)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,804)
  • Leiden [u.a.] : Brill
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Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Foris Publ. | Leiden : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1853 - 4.1855/56; N.Volgr. 4.1862; 6.1862 - 7.1864; 3.Volgr. 1.1866; 3.1868 - 11.1876; 1.1877 - 7.1883; 9.1885 - 10.1885; 35.1886 - 155.1999 -
    ISSN: 2213-4379 , 0006-2294
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Digital. Ausg. München Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1853 - 4.1855/56; N.Volgr. 4.1862; 6.1862 - 7.1864; 3.Volgr. 1.1866; 3.1868 - 11.1876; 1.1877 - 7.1883; 9.1885 - 10.1885; 35.1886 - 155.1999 -
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉 Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 〈Den Haag〉: Lijst der leden
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉 Literatuuropgave voor het adatrecht
    Additional Information: 57=1; 87=2; 91=3; 93=4; 96=5 von "Corpus diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum"
    Additional Information: 57=1; 87=2; 91=3; 93=4; 96=5 von "Corpus diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum"
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde
    Former Title: Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie͏̈
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Digital. Ausg.: München : Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2008-2013 , Beteil. Körp. 1.1853 - 7.Volgr. 104.1948: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie͏̈
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Foris Publ. | Leiden : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1853 - 4.1855/56; N.Volgr. 4.1862; 6.1862 - 7.1864; 3.Volgr. 1.1866; 3.1868 - 11.1876; 1.1877 - 7.1883; 9.1885 - 10.1885; 35.1886 - 155.1999 -
    ISSN: ISSN 2213-4379 , ISSN 0006-2294 , ISSN 2213-4379 , ISSN 0006-2294
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: München Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum 2008-2013 Digital. Ausg.: München : Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2008-2013
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1853 - 4.1855/56; N.Volgr. 4.1862; 6.1862 - 7.1864; 3.Volgr. 1.1866; 3.1868 - 11.1876; 1.1877 - 7.1883; 9.1885 - 10.1885; 35.1886 - 155.1999 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Beil. ---〉 Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 〈Den Haag〉: Lijst der leden
    Additional Information: Beil. Beil. ---〉 Literatuuropgave voor het adatrecht
    Additional Information: 57=1; 87=2; 91=3; 93=4; 96=5 von "Corpus diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum"
    Additional Information: 57=1; 87=2; 91=3; 93=4; 96=5 von "Corpus diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum"
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde
    Former Title: Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. 1.1853 - 7.Volgr. 104.1948: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië , Digital. Ausg.: München : Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2008-2013
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Hague [u.a.] : Kluwer Law International | Leiden [u.a.] : Brill ; 1.2001/02(2003) -
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    ISSN: 2211-6117 , 1570-7865 , 1570-7865
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2001/02(2003) -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. European yearbook of minority issues
    Keywords: Minderheitenfrage ; Europa ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 27.08.20 , Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Leiden : IIAS | Colombo : PGIAR ; 1996(1997) -
    ISSN: 0169-9377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1996(1997) -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. ABIA South and Southeast Asian art and archaeology index
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Bibliografie ; Datenbank ; Bibliografie ; Südostasien ; Archäologie ; Südostasien ; Kunst ; Südasien ; Archäologie ; Südasien ; Kunst
    Note: Gesehen am 27.10.15
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1968 -
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer ; 1.2001 -
    ISSN: 1875-0214 , 1875-0214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2001 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Zutot
    DDC: 296.3805
    Keywords: Kultur ; Judentum ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Judentum ; Kultur ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 26.07.2018 , Ersch. jährl.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Dordrecht : Springer | Buffalo, NY : HeinOnline ; 1.1994 -
    ISSN: 1568-5195 , 0928-9380 , 0928-9380
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1994 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Islamic law and society
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 05.12.2018
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill ; 1.Ser. 1.1890 - 10.1899; 2.Ser. 1.1900 -
    ISSN: 1568-5322 , 0082-5433 , 0082-5433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.Ser. 1.1890 - 10.1899; 2.Ser. 1.1900 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als T'oung-pao
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sinologie ; Sinologie
    Note: Gesehen am 03.12.2018
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  • 9
    ISBN: 926401506X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Internationalisation and Trade in Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement supérieur : internationalisation et commerce
    Keywords: Hochschulbildung ; Internationalisierung ; Internationaler Studiengang
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264069701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111; Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111: Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess abiotic hydrolytic transformations of chemicals in aquatic systems at pH values normally found in the environment (pH 4 – 9). This Guideline is designed as a tiered approach; each tier is triggered by the results of the previous tier.Sterile aqueous buffer solutions of different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) are treated with the non-labelled or labelled test substance (only one concentration, which should not exceed 0.01 M or half of the saturation concentration). They are incubated in the dark under controlled laboratory conditions (at constant temperatures). After appropriate time intervals, buffer solutions are analysed for the test substance and for hydrolysis products. The preliminary test should be carried out for 5 days at 50 ± 0.5°C and pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The second tier consists of the hydrolysis of unstable substances, and the third tier is the identification of hydrolysis products. The higher Tier tests should be conducted until 90 % hydrolysis of the test substance is observed or for 30 days whichever comes first.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264017177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Japon 2004 ; Progrès dans la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Japon 2004 : Progrès dans la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la réglementation
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: Regulatory Reform in Japan was among the first in a series of in-depth country reviews on regulatory reform. Since 1999, when the review was published, the Japanese government has introduced a number of measures to enhance regulatory quality and to promote regulatory reform, competition policy and market openness. This publication assesses the progress made, identifies some of the lessons that can be learned about the implementation process and indicates what more can be done in light of current challenges. The monitoring exercise covers the core issues of capacity for regulatory quality, competition and market openness. This study updates information about competition policy in Japan, and such trade-related matters as internationally harmonised measures and conformity assessment processes. It calls attention to the linkages between regulatory policies and tools, and the application of competition and market-openness principles. Innovative efforts, such as the Special Zones initiative, also receive attention. The overall concern is how further progress on regulatory reform can enhance Japan’s growth potential. The report brings out many of the lessons of implementation, which take account of the specificities of the Japanese context, but can be of wider value in other countries as well. What began in the 1990s as an effort to remove regulatory barriers is gaining momentum. Regulatory reform is a dynamic process aimed at improving regulatory tools and institutions, reassessing existing regulations in light of current economic and social developments, and assessing the impact of new regulations while they are in preparation. These tasks call for a whole-of-government approach, which is one of the main challenges for Japan’s next three-year Programme for Regulatory Reform.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264070332
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 222; Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai est conçue pour évaluer les effets des produits chimiques dans le sol sur le taux de reproduction (et d'autres critères sub-létaux) de deux espèces de lombric : Eisenia fetida ou Eisenia andrei. Des vers adultes sont exposés à une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai, mélangée dans le sol ou appliquée sur la surface du sol. La gamme des concentrations d'essai est choisie pour couvrir les concentrations susceptibles de provoquer des effets à la fois sub-létaux et létaux, sur une période de huit semaines. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. Cette étude inclut l'observation de comportements inhabituels et de la morphologie, le comptage et le pesage des vers adultes après les quatre premières semaines et le nombre de juvéniles éclos à la fin de la deuxième période de quatre semaines. Le taux de reproduction des vers exposés à la substance d'essai est comparé à celui des témoins afin de déterminer la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) et/ou la CEx, en utilisant un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% du taux de reproduction. Les concentrations expérimentales doivent couvrir la CEx de façon à ce que la CEx soit interpolée plutôt qu’extrapolée.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264065864
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitlinien zum Schutz der Verbraucher vor grenzüberschreitenden betrügerischen und irreführenden Handelspraktiken
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la Protección de los Consumidores de Prácticas Comerciales Transfronterizas Fraudulentas y Engañosas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linhas directrizes que regem a protecção dos consumidores contra as práticas comerciais transfronteiriças fraudulentas e enganosas
    Keywords: Industry and Services
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.395
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper set out four types of market structure clusters (based on an OECD benchmark) to assess different entry barriers, both endogenous and policy-induced that may affect the ability of enterprises in emerging countries to penetrate international markets. This framework is then applied to analyse the trade specialisation of Argentina, Brazil and Chile (ABC) compared to that of three OECD countries, Ireland, Korea and Mexico ...
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264065925
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Knowledge Management in the Learning Society
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Société du savoir et gestion des connaissances
    Keywords: Education
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264070554
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 309; Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water Simulation Biodegradation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cet essai est de mesurer la biodégradation en fonction du temps d'une substance d'essai présente en faible concentration dans une eau naturelle aérobie et de quantifier les observations sous la forme d'expressions cinétiques. L'essai est réalisé par lots par « l'essai pélagique » ou « l'essai en suspension de sédiments » pour simuler un plan l'eau contenant des solides en suspension ou des sédiments resuspendus. Les flacons d'essai sont incubés dans l'obscurité, à la température environnementale, en aérobiose et sous agitation pendant normalement 60 jours. Au moins deux concentrations différentes de substance d'essai (organique non-volatile ou légèrement volatile) devraient être employées. La concentration maximum de la substance d’essai devrait être de moins de 100µg/L (biodégradation suivant une cinétique de premier ordre) et la plus basse concentration de substance d'essai de préférence comprise dans l’intervalle ‹1-10µg/L. Deux sous-échantillons sont prélevés de chaque flacon d'essai à chaque temps de prélèvement. La dégradation est suivie à intervalles de temps appropriés, en mesurant le 14C résiduel ou la concentration résiduelle de la substance d'essai. La minéralisation totale et la biodégradation primaire sont déterminées par le marquage au 14C de différentes parties de la molécule. Des mesures périodiques du pH et de la concentration en oxygène dans le système d'essai doivent être conduites.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance d'entreprise dans les pays en développement, en transition et les économies émergentes
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Sound national systems of corporate governance are essential for all countries, including the poorest, to reap the benefits of globalisation. • “Corporate governance” comprises the institutions that govern the relationship between people who manage corporations and all others who invest resources in them. • The quality of local corporate governance critically affects a country’s ability to achieve sustained real productivity growth and the success of its long-term development efforts. • Pyramidal corporate-ownership structures, cross shareholdings and multiple share classes are widely used by corporate insiders in the developing world to extract corporate-control rents, exploit other investors and resist pressures to improve corporate governance. • The power of corporate insiders and their close relationship with those who exercise political power mean that sound corporate governance requires sound political governance, and vice versa.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264020412
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding Economic Growth; A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding Economic Growth: A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Particulièrement riche en données factuelles et chiffrées, cet ouvrage est un instrument très précieux d’analyse de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE. Il examine le profil de croissance des pays de l'OCDE cette dernière décennie et identifie les facteurs fondamentaux de la croissance. Il montre en quoi (et pourquoi) les réactions de chaque économie diffèrent face à l’évolution de ces facteurs. L’ouvrage étudie la croissance au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l’entreprise. Il analyse également la contribution des technologies de l’information (TI) à chacun de ces niveaux.Étayé par plus de 50 tableaux et graphiques, l’ouvrage permet de mieux comprendre la véritable nature de la croissance économique. En 2000, à l’apogée de la nouvelle économie, on encensait les TI qui, croyait-on, transformeraient radicalement les économies de l'OCDE et auraient des effets bénéfiques considérables. Mais le récent ralentissement économique a détruit plusieurs des mythes qu’avaient suscités les TI. Quelle est la véritable contribution des TI à la croissance économique ? Comprendre la croissance économique traite de ces questions en profondeur et apporte un nouvel éclairage sur la croissance économique. Dans une nouvelle présentation agréable, l’ouvrage est une introduction idéale pour comprendre la genèse de la croissance économique. Il intéressera un large public d’économistes et d’étudiants en économie. Pour en savoir plus : Les Sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l’OCDE (2003) et Les TIC et la croissance économique : panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE (2003).
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation de la fonctionnalité des bâtiments en Écosse
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The Scottish Executive, the devolved government for Scotland, is engaging with stakeholders to achieve excellence in the school estate through Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE). Design of the school environment has a direct impact on teaching and learning, activities which can be supported or frustrated by many building elements. Through a collaborative process, evaluating new and existing facilities can benefit all those involved in educational building, from the school users, to the local authority, to designers.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.387
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. However, in Japan the promotion of competition has long been compromised by ministerial guidance and exemptions from the competition law. Thus, the level and growth of productivity have been low in many domestically oriented sectors and consumer welfare has suffered under high prices and the slow introduction of new goods and services. This misallocation of resources contributes to explaining why the Japanese economy had difficulty in coming out of the quasi-stagnation of the past decade. Recognising that gains from more pro-competition policies are substantial, the Japanese government has now made the promotion of competitive markets a cornerstone of its economic policy. Reforms to promote product market competition in Japan should inter alia focus on strengthening the legal framework by increasing fines to a deterrent level and introducing cartel destabilising measures, such as a leniency ...
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.399
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Maintaining rapid economic growth depends increasingly on productivity gains, particularly in the service sector. Competition has an important role to play in achieving such gains. However, Korea’s development strategy has tended to weaken competition and has left a legacy of government intervention. Strengthening competition requires upgrading competition policy, increasing openness to international trade and foreign direct investment and improving the regulatory framework in network industries. In particular, the power of the Korea Fair Trade Commission should be expanded, while raising the level of sanctions and scaling back special treatment for certain sectors. Barriers to imports remain above the OECD average, particularly in agriculture, while the stock of inward direct investment is among the lowest in the OECD area. Restructuring plans in the network industries, notably electricity and gas, have lagged behind schedule. Price distortions and the absence of independent ...
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  • 22
    Language: French
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce document a été rédigé pour fournir des informations de référence aux participants à l’atelier de l’OCDE sur le spam qui se tiendra à Bruxelles les 2 et 3 février 2004. Il contient une étude liminaire des problèmes provoqués par le spam ou qui lui sont associés. Il cherche à définir ses caractéristiques, les raisons pour lesquelles il est en expansion et plusieurs des problèmes qu’il soulève, à savoir : les coûts qu’il induit, son impact sur les infrastructures et marchés de communication, les atteintes à la vie privée et le vol d’informations commerciales, son contenu, et les questions de sécurité du réseau et de protection du consommateur. Le document a aussi pour objectif de présenter un panorama des mesures prises par les pays Membres dans ce domaine afin de faciliter l’échange d’informations quant à l’effet des différentes solutions mises en oeuvre. Enfin, il a pour ambition de servir de base à d’autres débats et échanges de renseignements entre les pays Membres afin de lutter contre le spam au niveau national et international.
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  • 23
    Language: French
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. "Indirect Expropriation" and the "Right to Regulate" in International Investment Law
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Il est bien établi en droit international que le bien des étrangers ne peut être saisi, même à des fins publiques, sans une indemnisation appropriée. Il y a une vingtaine d’années, les différends portés devant les tribunaux et les analyses menées dans les publications universitaires concernaient principalement le niveau d’indemnisation et l’évaluation des biens expropriés. Les divergences de vues entre les pays développés et les pays en développement soulevaient des questions concernant la formation et l’évolution du droit coutumier. Aujourd’hui, l’attitude plus positive des pays à l’égard de l’investissement étranger, observée dans le monde entier, et la prolifération de traités bilatéraux et d’autres accords relatifs à l’investissement exigeant une indemnisation prompte, adéquate et effective de l’expropriation d’investissements étrangers, ont en grande partie ôté toute signification pratique à ce débat pour les investisseurs étrangers. Les différends ne portent plus sur ...
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.6
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analyse des mesures non tarifaires : Les interdictions et contingentements à l'importation
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study, that investigates two specific types of quantitative restrictions, namely import prohibitions and quotas, is part of a broad reflection aimed at learning more about the nature and scope of non-tariff measures. The analysis reviews information on these measures contained in the WTO Trade Policy Reviews, WTO notifications and in various other trade reports. The objective of the report is to contribute to discussions, particularly on market access for non-agricultural goods, at the WTO, or elsewhere. The research revealed that the use of quotas and prohibitions for economic reasons has declined, but most countries use prohibitions as part of their regulatory frameworks for protecting human safety and health or the environment, and this tendency appears to be increasing. Traders would benefit from greater transparency of these measures. Also, there are import bans hampering the international trade in used goods, whose circumstances and appropriateness in terms of regulatory efficiency merit scrutiny.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.412
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the factors influencing the price of oil and its likely evolution over the next quarter century. It begins by investigating the fundamental forces shaping long-term oil price developments, highlighting the importance of growth-led demand for oil, particularly that emanating from fast-growing, energy-intensive developing countries, and the implications of increasingly geographically concentrated oil reserves. The paper presents oil price projections to 2030 and examines the sensitivity of the projections to the assumptions about growth and non-OPEC supply. While certain combinations of factors could lead to a significantly higher oil price, the projections also suggest that the optimal strategy of resource-rich oil producers would be to prevent it rising too far. The paper then documents short-term influences on the oil price, which peaked at $50 a barrel in 2004, and notes that they have probably led to a significant departure from the long-run equilibrium price ...
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264015999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Os Princípios da OCDE sobre o Governo das Sociedades 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Since they were issued in 1999, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance have gained worldwide recognition as an international benchmark for good corporate governance. They are actively used by governments, regulators, investors, corporations and stakeholders in both OECD and non-OECD countries and have been adopted by the Financial Stability Forum as one of the Twelve Key Standards for Sound Financial Systems. This revised version takes into account developments since 1999 and includes several important amendments.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Abstract: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.35
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: A well-functioning government office acts as a co-ordinator of the decision-making system and as such is crucial for the government’s capacity to define and pursue its collective objectives. The “Government Office” is a generic term that refers to the institution(s) at the centre of government responsible for supporting the Prime Minister and serving the Council of Ministers as a collective decision-making body. This paper describes and analyses the functions and organisation of government offices in a comparative context, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex-Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on information gathered by Sigma and GOV (PUMA)1 since the mid 1990’s, supplemented by results of a written questionnaire administered by Sigma and GOV in 2003.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'université Laval à Québec, un plan de développement immobilier
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Laval University is launching a series of major development projects aimed at meeting the needs of an institution that currently offers over 350 academic programmes to more than 36 000 students. This article will focus on three of the most important construction projects that are already under way or about to start: the Wood Processing Centre, the Optics, Photonics and Laser Centre, and Ferdinand-Vandry Hall. A brief history of the Laval University campus is provided at the end of this article.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 926410562X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Innovation in the knowledge economy
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;L' innovation dans l'économie du savoir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy: Implications for Education and Learning (Hungarian version)
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informationsgesellschaft ; Bildungswesen
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour réduire le coût du capital en Afrique australe ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Lowering interest rates and, thus, the cost of borrowing in the rand zone (Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa) is a priority to promote investment and economic growth. . Local-currency interest rates in these countries are driven by those on rand-denominated transactions. Reducing the level and volatility of the rand premium would help reduce ?nancing costs in the region. . Policies should promote: enhancing ?nancial-market liquidity; easier access to South African ?nancial markets for African entities; domestic saving capacity; and the improvement of international perception of the rand. . Johannesburg could become a ?nancial “hub” for the region, channelling cheap resources to its neighbours.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264101739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 ; connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 ; Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version); Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 : connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 : Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version): Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2003 Assessment Framework – Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills presents the conceptual underpinnings of PISA 2003 assessments. Within each assessment area, the volume defines the content students need to acquire, the processes they need to perform, and contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282113219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.125
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'intégration européenne des transports ferroviaires de marchandises
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: The Round Table looks at how the European railway landscape is being reshaped. In doing so, it presents lessons which stand to benefit transport policy throughout Europe.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264017092 , 9264017097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Evaluating local economic and employment development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La evaluacion del desarrollo economico y del empleo a nivel local
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Beschäftigungsprogramm ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The inaugural Policy Insight, "Towards an East Asian Free Trade Area", by Shujiro Urata, looks at the progress towards and consequences of an East Asian FTA, not only for the region itself, but also the world economy and for non members of the FTA. It discusses a topic of immediate relevance to current evolutions in the world trading system, particularly with regard to the position of China and the dynamic economies of the region.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264107861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Allemagne 2004 ; consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform; Deutschland; Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Allemagne 2004 : consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform: Deutschland: Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: This report argues for adjustments to regulatory governance traditions so that necessary changes can take place more quickly, at least cost to the economy and with the participation of all relevant stakeholders.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264021086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Series Statement: Policy issues in insurance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Insurance in the Baltic countries
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 39
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance in Developing, Transition and Emerging-Market Economies
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Des systèmes sains de gouvernance des entreprises sont d’une importance cruciale dans tous les pays, y compris les plus pauvres, pour pouvoir tirer parti de la mondialisation. • La « gouvernance d’entreprise » englobe les institutions qui régissent les relations entre ceux qui dirigent les entreprises et tous ceux qui y investissent des ressources. • La qualité de la gouvernance d’entreprise détermine fortement la capacité d’un pays à accroître durablement sa productivité réelle, ainsi que le succès de ses efforts de développement à long terme. • Les dirigeants des entreprises dans les pays en développement font un large usage de structures pyramidales du capital, de participations croisées et de catégories d’actions multiples pour tirer des rentes du contrôle des entreprises, exploiter les autres investisseurs et résister aux efforts d’amélioration de la gouvernance des entreprises. • Du fait des relations étroites qu’entretiennent les dirigeants des entreprises avec ceux qui exercent le pouvoir politique, une saine gouvernance d’entreprise requiert une saine gouvernance politique et inversement.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.7
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Obstacles aux échanges de services et leur incidence économique : Exemples de services bancaires et de télécommunications dans certaines économies en transition
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper applies the most advanced methodologies for measuring services barriers to calculate the restrictiveness and the impact of services barriers in selected transition economies, i.e. the Baltic States, and eight South Eastern European (SEE) countries (for telecommunications and banking) and Russia (for telecommunications). Among the selected countries, the Baltic countries record the highest liberalisation scores for both telecommunications and banking services making their situation comparable to that of most developed countries. By contrast, the SEE countries have more room to improve their performance and the price level of their telecommunication services, both in fixed and cellular services by eliminating general restrictions on competition and removing barriers to foreign equity participation. With respect to banking services, the results suggest that the SEE markets are fairly contestable; policy priorities would thus appear to be broad issues of macroeconomic stability and structural reform. The telecommunications estimates put Russia in an intermediate position between the results for the Baltic States and the SEE countries. The WTO...
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.381
    Keywords: Economics ; Hungary
    Abstract: The establishment of competitive markets has been one of the cornerstones Hungarian economic policy over the past decade, alongside a successful strategy of attracting foreign investment. Broad statistical measures show no signs of endemically weak domestic competition, though the country’s relatively low productivity among domestic business likely signals some sheltering from international competition. The generally healthy level of competition is partly because competition legislation and its enforcement are of a good standard. Nevertheless, room for improvement is suggested in a number of areas. In particular, it is argued that individuals should be able to initiate legal actions directly, i.e. without having to proceed via the competition authority. And, it is suggested that sanctions against individuals in hard-core cartel cases are introduced. In examining specific sectors, this paper is critical of the pace of progress towards competition in the network industries. The rail ...
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.101
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologies fondées sur la biométrie
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report is intended to provide an understanding of the benefits and limitations of biometric-based technologies. It also includes information on existing privacy and security methodologies for assessing biometrics.
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  • 43
    Language: French
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relationships between International Investment Agreements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les accords bilatéraux, régionaux et multilatéral se sont multipliés ces dix à vingt dernières années et de nouveaux accords sont actuellement négociés. Il est donc quasiment certain que, pendant quelque temps encore, il continuera de coexister des accords relatifs à l’investissement international présentant des modalités différentes et conclus par des groupes de pays différents, qui se chevaucheront plus ou moins. Il importe par conséquent de comprendre comment ces accords continueront d’interagir et comment gérer harmonieusement ces chevauchements et ces différences. La présente étude, compte dûment tenu de la complexité des questions, a pour but de faire mieux comprendre les relations entre les accords internationaux sur l’investissement (AII) à partir d’une analyse des principaux accords de ce type et de l’expérience accumulée par l’OCDE concernant la relation entre ses propres instruments et les autres accords existants.1 Le plan de l’étude est le suivant ...
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.233
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Land dynamics are context specific and rapidly changing, and conflicts related to them do not systematically escalate into violence. One way of framing the discussion is to consider change in the structures of power governing the management of resources in rural areas as necessary to achieve greater efficiency and equity. Since such change will be opposed by beneficiaries of the system in place, the transformation of agriculture is bound to be marred by conflicts of various intensity levels. At the heart of these conflicts lies land because of its very high material and symbolic values. Evidence shows that (a) whether they result from pre-existing agrarian tensions or not, conflict situations in rural societies deeply affect the politics of land, and (b) whether it is at the heart of a conflict or gets dragged into it, land requires a careful approach by policy makers because it is a central element in the evolution of societies. As a result, policies pertaining to land can ...
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Private health insurance (PHI) is the sole source of primary health coverage for a third of the Netherlands’ population earning above a set income threshold. Social insurance (together with limited public (tax-based financing) is the main source of health coverage for the majority of the population. Most socially insured also purchase supplementary private health coverage. All citizens are eligible for a system of coverage for long-term care and care for the chronically ill. Thus, in the Netherlands, the source of health financing is determined according to the category of health risk, type of illness, as well as income level. Decisions have been made allocating the cost of more expensive long-term care and coverage of high-risk individuals and persons earning below a set level, to social or public insurance, or to PHI subsidised by a broader pool. From an equity perspective, the Dutch public/private financing mix appears to do well, although challenges remain. There appear to be ...
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Irish private health insurance (PHI) market. It describes how PHI interacts with the public system, and assesses its contribution to equity, efficiency and responsiveness of the health system. The analysis identifies some of the factors affecting insurance market performance and its impact on the health system, including market characteristics, the regulatory and fiscal environment, health system organisation, and any actors’ incentives and behaviours. PHI plays a prominent role in Ireland. The health system is designed to offer comprehensive publicly funded health services to low-income groups, and universal public hospital coverage. Policies have encouraged the development of PHI to provide all individuals with a private alternative to the public system, as well as a means of funding cost-sharing and services not covered by the public system. With the implementation of the requirements of the Third EU Non-Life Directive, the PHI market, historically ...
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.405
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: An ambitious reform to increase efficiency of the Portuguese health care system was launched in 2002. In contrast to previous attempts of gradual reforms, which were never fully implemented, the strategy has been to create a big bang in the health sector, making changes essentially irreversible. The reform has two main aims: to deliver better-quality public health services than at present but at no higher cost; and to reduce the underlying growth rate of public health-care spending over the medium term. New legislation approved includes the separation of the functions of regulation, financing and provision of health care services; setting up new models of financing for providers, which impose harder budget constraints; the introduction of incentives towards productivity, management and quality improvements; the possibility for the private sector to play a larger role in service provision; and the promotion of generic drugs. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the ...
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for health promotion and primary care. Using a structured review process, the panel selected a set of 27 indicators to cover the three key areas health promotion, preventive care and diagnosis and treatment in primary care. The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 27 indicators as follows ...
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards an East Asia Free Trade Area
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Ce premier numéro de Repères, "Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est" par Shujiro Urata, mesure les progrès réalisés par les pays d'Asie de l'Est vers l'établissement d'une zone de libre échange (ZLE), et les conséquences non seulement pour la région, mais aussi pour les économies qui ne seraient pas membres de la ZLE, et même pour l'économie mondiale. En effet, une ZLE en Asie de l'Est affecterait tant la position des économies dynamiques de la région, dont la Chine, que le système commercial multilatéral dans son ensemble.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.400
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: After the launch of the single currency the euro exchange rate fell and interest rates had converged towards the (low) German level. These shocks have worked out differently for the small and large countries. Housing markets have acted as an important vehicle of transmission of these shocks onto economic activity and inflation. Simulations with a stylised econometric model for the euro area economy, making a distinction between the small and large countries in terms of the estimated parameters, illustrate this mechanism ...
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264105997
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Montreal, Canada 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Montreal, Canada 2004
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: Dans de nombreux pays de l'OCDE, les zones métropolitaines sont morcelées en diverses unités territoriales qui ne correspondent pas à la zone géographique plus large où se posent les problèmes économiques et sociaux. Si le déséquilibre qui en découle n'est pas un phénomène nouveau, le morcellement apparaît de plus en plus comme une des causes majeures des dysfonctionnements des grandes villes comme les disparités fiscales internes, l’étalement urbain et la polarisation spatiale qui constituent à leur tour un obstacle à la compétitivité. Ce rapport examine le cas de la région métropolitaine de Montréal qui a connu l'une des plus audacieuses réformes institutionnelles parmi les pays de l'OCDE. D'un côté, on a procédé à des fusions de municipalités pour créer deux nouvelles villes : Montréal et Longueuil. De l'autre, la grande région économique fonctionnelle s'est dotée d'une nouvelle structure, la Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal, représentant 63 municipalités. Ces réformes institutionnelles constituent une occasion appréciable de relever le défi de la compétitivité de Montréal. Certains aspects du nouveau cadre de gouvernance métropolitaine demandent cependant à être consolidés, en particulier en ce qui concerne la clarification des compétences, des responsabilités et des ressources fiscales. La rationalisation des structures institutionnelles et des ressources fiscales ne sera toutefois pas suffisante. La mise en œuvre, et pas seulement l’élaboration, d’une stratégie économique globale pour toute la région métropolitaine constituera pour Montréal le principal défi à relever dans les années à venir. L’Examen Territorial de Montréal s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’examens territoriaux nationaux et thématiques, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements dans trois domaines: la gouvernance à plusieurs niveaux, le développement durable aux échelons régional et local, et les réseaux régionaux au service de la compétitivité.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264071094
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 428; Skin Absorption; In Vitro Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai a été conçue pour fournir des informations sur l'absorption d'une substance d'essai (idéalement radiomarquée) appliquée à la surface d'un échantillon de peau séparant les deux compartiments (un compartiment donneur et un compartiment receveur) d'une cellule à diffusion. Des cellules à diffusion statique ou dynamique peuvent indifféremment être utilisées. Les peaux d’humain ou d’animaux peuvent être employées. Bien qu’une peau viable soit préférée, une peau non viable peut également être employée. Il a été démontré que la peau peut métaboliser certains produits chimiques pendant l'absorption cutanée. Dans ce cas, les métabolites du produit chimique d'essai peuvent être analysés par des méthodes appropriées. Normalement, plusieurs concentrations de la substance d’essai sont utilisées dans les formulations types, de façon à couvrir une gamme réaliste d’expositions humaines potentielles. L’application devrait simuler l'exposition humaine, normalement 1-5 mg/cm2 de peau pour un solide et jusqu'à 10 µl/cm2 pour des liquides. La température doit être constante parce qu’elle influe sur la diffusion passive des produits chimiques. L'absorption d'une substance d'essai au cours d'une période donnée (normalement 24h) est mesurée par l'analyse du fluide récepteur et la distribution de la substance d'essai dans le système d'essai. Le profil d'absorption en fonction du temps devrait être présenté.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264105171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This book gives an overview of the Bulgarian education system and describes its development since its development over the past decade. It provides an analysis of the entire education system, and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reform process in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under rather difficult conditions.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 136 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.1
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Libéralisation des échanges de services : Identification des possibilités et des avantages
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study has two components: identification of concrete examples of services exports by developing countries, and quantitative studies on the gains from services liberalisation. While the study is by no means comprehensive, and is subject to many limitations, two fundamental findings emerge. The first of these findings, documented in Part I of the study, is that there is clear evidence that developing countries have important service sector export interests beyond mode 4 (temporary movement of services supplying personnel), being global or regional players in sectors such as business services (out-sourcing), port and shipping services, audiovisual services, telecommunications, construction services and health services. The second of these findings, documented in Part II of the study, is that for most countries, including many developing countries, export-related gains from services liberalisation are neither the only nor the largest basis of expected gains. A large portion of benefits from services liberalisation derive, not from seeking better market access abroad, but from the increased competitiveness and efficiency of the domestic market. Together, the study’s two findings underscore the potential benefits of services liberalisation, both for developed and for developing countries.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.408
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This article investigates issues related to industrial restructuring in Russia. Based on extensive sectoral data it examines, more particularly, levels and changes in labour productivity, unit labour costs and revealed comparative advantages for a large number of Russian industrial sectors. The main findings are the following. First, impressive increases in labour productivity have been achieved since 1997, especially during the post-crisis period. Secondly, this has been true for all major sectors, with the exception of those which are still predominantly state controlled or which suffer from strong state interference. Thirdly, there have been significant relative adjustments within the industrial sector, as labour productivity increased more in less productive sectors. Since the crisis, relative unit labour costs have also adjusted considerably, as less competitive sectors experienced relatively slower wage growth and larger labour force reductions. Fourthly, international ...
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Governments often look to private health insurance (PHI) as a possible means of addressing some health system challenges. For example, they may consider enhancing its role as an alternative source of health financing and a way to increase system capacity, or promoting it as a tool to further additional health policy goals, such as enhanced individual responsibility. In some countries policy makers regard PHI as a key element of their health coverage systems While private health insurance represents, on average, only a small share of total health funding across the OECD area, it plays a significant role in health financing in some OECD countries and it covers at least 30% of the population in a third of the OECD members. It also plays a variety of roles, ranging from primary coverage for particular population groups to a supporting role for public systems. This paper assesses evidence on the effects of PHI in different national contexts and draws conclusions about its ...
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , Diagramme, Tabellen
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Over the past years, non-standard, flexible employment contracts have gained in importance in many OECD countries. This has made it difficult for statisticians to apply standard classifications of working arrangements to measure and analyse labour market developments. This paper presents a new classification of atypical working arrangements, developed by Istat, the Italian Statistical Institute. The paper also uses this classification to quantify the level of atypical jobs and their development between 1996 and 2002 ...
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the tenth in this series, presenting the Polish SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.82
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The number of people logged on simultaneously to popular file sharing networks approached close to 10 million in April 2004, a rise of 30% from the same period a year earlier, according to this new OECD report.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.385
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses the extent to which the fall in risk premia of a number of financial assets, which occurred throughout 2003, was due to improvements in factors specific to individual markets at that time or to general economic fundamentals coupled with OECD-wide abundant liquidity. Regarding the latter two factors, principal component analysis was used here to identify a common trend in risk premia in equity, corporate bond and emerging markets since early 1998. The analysis finds that both economic fundamentals and liquidity have played a statistically significant role in driving the common factor. It also finds that liquidity (measured as the GDP weighted average of M3 of the three major economies less its trend) performs better than similarly weighted short-term interest rates. By spring 2004, the common factor in different risk premia had fallen below what could be explained by economic fundamentals and liquidity ...
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/05
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The present paper was prepared in the context of a joint project between the OECD Investment Committee (IC) and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) on Official Development Assistance and Investment for Development. It responds to discussions at the IC-DAC Workshop on Synergies between ODA and Foreign Direct Investment on 11 March 2004, during which participants opined that development agencies lack information about the quality of the investment climate in developing countries and the likely repercussions for direct investment. The purpose of the present paper is threefold. First, it provides an overview of a variety of scoreboards for the investment climate that have been established by a number of actors, including the World Bank, UNCTAD and several private “think tanks”. Second, it documents their similarities and discrepancies in assessing the investment climates of developing, emerging and transition economies (henceforth jointly referred to as “developing countries”) ...
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.11
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the eleventh in this series, presenting the Spanish SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.414
    Keywords: Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: With almost 50 per cent of the working age population not working, improving labour market performance represents an essential and daunting challenge for Poland. While some of today’s joblessness is cyclical in nature, most of it appears to be structural. This paper argues that to increase employment levels policy will need to focus on reducing significantly the inactivity traps inherent in the Polish personal transfer system, while improving the efficiency and targeting of social transfers to ensure resources flow to those truly in need. Simultaneously, efforts must be extended to increase firms' propensity to hire the outof-work, by lowering the costs of low-skill labour, reducing associated administrative and regulatory costs and in the longer term by providing graduates with more relevant skills. This paper outlines reforms in each of these areas which, if implemented, would serve to reverse the recent decline in employment and improve the fairness of income ...
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women’s freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women’s access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy ...
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.410
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper examines the state of the Russian banking sector in 2004 and assesses the most important reform initiatives of the last two years, including deposit insurance legislation, a major reform of the framework for prudential supervision, steps to increase transparency in the sector, and measures to facilitate the development of specific banking activities. The overall conclusion that emerges from this analysis is that the Russian authorities’ approach to banking reform is to be commended. The design of the reform strategy reflects an awareness of the need for a ‘good fit’ between its major elements, and the main lines of the reform address some of the principal problems of the sector. The major lacuna in the Russian bank reform strategy concerns the future of state-owned banks. Despite a long-standing official commitment to reducing the role of the state – and of the Bank of Russia in particular – in the ownership of credit institutions, there is still a need for a much more ...
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper describes the results of two specific primary surveys, one of IT professionals in the city of Bangalore and their role in making the city a corridor for international mobility of Indian professionals, and the second survey of health professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of New Delhi. In these surveys, highly skilled Indians were asked about their motivations for emigrating, their experiences abroad, their reasons for coming back to India and their perception of their current situation. These surveys were carried out as a supplement to a study on estimating the stocks, flows and international mobility of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India. The results of that work are reported in STI Working Paper 2004/7 (Khadria 2004.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A New Library for Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: En Irlande, la nouvelle bibliothèque de L'Institut de technologie Galway-Mayo (GMIT) est novatrice par sa conception, satisfait aux conditions environnementales et identifie le campus à son emplacement.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.378
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in economic growth as it affects economic efficiency and the allocation of resources, and can also lead to improved labour market performance. This paper examines product market competition and economic performance in the European Union. The Community’s competition rules, which apply whenever anti-competitive practices have an implication for cross-border trade, are enforced primarily by the Commission’s Directorate General for Competition, and complement national competition legislation. Reforms have been adopted recently to sharpen the toolkit and to increase the role of national authorities in the enforcement process. However, the toolkit could still be made more effective. Competition policy is complemented by, and partly overlapping with, the regulation of newly liberalised network industries. Despite the EU’s commendable efforts in this area, competition is still undermined by dominant incumbents in some ...
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.2
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried out by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the second in this series, presenting the Canadian SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the recommendations of an international expert group on indicators for diabetes care. Based on a review of existing indicators and an assessment of gaps left open by existing indicators, the experts set out to select indicators to cover clinical processes of diabetes care as well as proximal and distal outcomes of care. The review led to a recommendation of nine indicators: annual HbA1c testing, annual LDL cholesterol testing, annual screening for nephropathy, annual eye exam, HbA1c control, LDL cholesterol control, lower extremity amputation rates, kidney disease in persons with diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264101166
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on the United States 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on the United States 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Les États-Unis ont été le premier pays à mettre hors la loi les actes de corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales commis par leurs ressortissants et par les sociétés relevant de leur droit grâce à l’adoption du Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) de 1977. Vingt ans plus tard, les États-Unis ont signé, en compagnie de trente-quatre autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption). Le Congrès des États-Unis a réagi à la signature de la Convention en amendant le FCPA en octobre 1998. Par la suite, les États-Unis ont ratifié la Convention de l’OCDE et déposé leur instrument de ratification auprès de l’OCDE à la fin de 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place aux États-Unis pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par les États-Unis lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par les États-Unis des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264020382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Privatisation en Afrique subsaharienne ; un état des lieux
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: This book examines recent progress made in the region’s privatisation effort in Sub-Saharan Africa. With cumulative proceeds of privatisation accounting for just $8 billion compared to $46 billion in transition economies over the same period, it is clearly still in its infancy. The report charts progress, outlines methods used, and questions whether the objectives have been achieved. It also examines the impact privatisation has had on alleviating poverty. It is for policy makers, advisers and donors and research institutes involved in the privatisation process.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016927
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264017344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Particle accelerators are used today for an increasing range of scientific and technological applications. They are very powerful tools for investigating the origin and structure of matter, and for improving understanding of the interaction of radiation with materials, including the transmutation of nuclides and the beneficial or harmful effects of radiation. Particle accelerators are used to identify properties of molecules that can be used in pharmacy, for medical diagnosis and therapy, and for biophysics studies. Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways that protect the operators, the population and the environment. New technological and research applications give rise to new issues in radiation shielding. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiated targets. They also evaluate advancements and discuss the additional developments required to meet radiation protection needs.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This volume offers a synthesis of findings from recent OECD studies undertaken as part of the three-year Health Project, an initiative geared towards answering many of the key questions facing today’s health policy makers. It provides information and analysis on a wide variety of topics, such as new and emerging health-related technologies, long-term care, private health insurance, health-care cost control, equity of access across income groups, health workforce planning and productivity, and waiting times for elective surgery. Building on international experience and grounded in new data on cross-country differences, this report offers an up-to-date map of the road to performance improvement.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264021082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (432 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This book contains papers presenting overviews of various aspects of the Baltic insurance market along with papers examining specific policy issues. The latter include policy recommendations.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108493
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2004; Forum Highlights
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264018327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: The OECD Territorial Review of Mexico City highlights the region’s great potential for further growth, which is linked to the concentration of headquarters, educational establishments and research facilities, as well as high levels of FDI and rich cultural resources. However, it also reveals that this growth is constrained by low levels of human capital, inadequate infrastructure and widespread, acute poverty. The current governance framework, characterised by modest co-operation, also remains a sticking point for the region’s development.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264015005
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2004
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: SPECIAL FEATURERationalising public spending
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Swedish energy policy combines strong government involvement with the judicious use of market forces. This dual approach has generally worked well, giving Sweden a reliable, low-cost and environmentally sound energy supply. Sweden must now resolve the future of its nuclear power plants, which provide nearly 50% of the country’s electricity. The government must work with stakeholders to find a credible solution.
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  • 86
    Language: French
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in International Investment Law
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: L’obligation d’accorder un « traitement juste et équitable » est souvent énoncée concurremment avec d’autres normes visant à assurer la protection de l’investissement direct étranger par les pays d’accueil. Il s’agit d’une norme de traitement à caractère « absolu » et « non contingent », c’est-à-dire une norme qui définit le traitement qui doit être accordé selon des termes dont le sens exact reste à déterminer en fonction d’un contexte spécifique d’application, à l’inverse des normes « relatives » intégrées dans les principes du « traitement national » et de « la nation la plus favorisée », qui définissent le traitement requis eu égard au traitement accordé à d’autres investissements1. Cette norme, à laquelle font parfois référence les toutes premières ébauches d’instruments miltilatéraux de commerce et d’investissement, a été instituée principalement par le biais du réseau de plus en plus important des traités bilatéraux d’investissement ...
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264015566
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Series Statement: The OECD health project
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Docteur, Elizabeth; Towards high performing health systems
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Docteur, Elizabeth; Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Keywords: OECD ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9264015930
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Geological disposal
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Schweizer Jura ; Opalinuston ; Endlager ; Mont Terri ; Ton ; Tonstein ; Gesteinskunde ; Sedimentologie ; Endlagerung ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Hochradioaktiver Abfall ; Unterirdische Lagerung ; Kongress
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  • 89
    Language: French
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Cost of Introducing and Implementing Trade Facilitation Measures: Interim Report
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Le présent rapport contient les résultats préliminaires d'une série d'études de pays sur les coûts de l'introduction et de la mise en œuvre de mesures de facilitation des échanges. Il a été établi en réponse aux préoccupations concernant les répercussions en matière de coûts d'un futur accord de l'OMC sur la facilitation des échanges. Il sera complété dans un avenir proche par des informations supplémentaires en provenance d'un éventail plus large de pays en développement et pays les moins avancés. Le rapport présente des observations sur la méthodologie utilisée pour évaluer les coûts de la facilitation des échanges et met l'accent sur les caractéristiques communes des différentes expériences nationales en matière de coûts.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; France
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of France's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that French energy policy – traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement – has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. Note : Les “Conclusions et recommandations-Synthèse” (9 pages) sont en français dans la publication.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.403
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Russia in 2003 embarked on the restructuring of its electricity sector. The reform is intended to introduce competition into electricity production and supply, leaving dispatch, transmission and distribution as regulated natural monopolies with non-discriminatory third-party access to the networks. The ultimate aim of the reform is to create conditions that will encourage both investment in new capacity and greater efficiency of both production and consumption. The overall approach embodied in the reform is promising. However, there remains a serious risk that its aims could be subverted by special-interest lobbying during the lengthy implementation phase. If the reform is to succeed, the marketised segments of the sector must be characterised by real competition based on economically meaningful prices. There are two dangers here. The first is that private-sector interests will secure strategic holdings that allow them to exercise market power or even local monopoly power. The ...
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264103214
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En los países miembros de la OCDE resulta sorprendente el espectro, número y crecimiento de los programas de apoyo para la iniciativa empresarial y la microempresa. Buena parte del interés de política por fomentar la iniciativa empresarial se refleja en la convicción de que la creación de nuevas empresas contribuirá a facilitar el logro de importantes objetivos económicos y sociales. El aumento en el ritmo de creación de empresas es hoy una inquietud casi universal para las autoridades locales, al igual que para los gobiernos centrales que desean combatir la marginación económica local. Sin embargo, a pesar del amplio interés de política, pocos estudios han analizado sistemáticamente la relación entre la creación de nuevas empresas y el desarrollo económico local. Esta publicación analiza las principales rutas a través de las cuales la creación de empresas y su desarrollo puede tener un impacto sobre las economías locales. Así, se analiza la evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre la iniciativa empresarial y las economías locales. Asimismo, se demuestra que aunque la creación de empresas puede resultar un componente crucial para el desarrollo económico local, el fomento de la iniciativa empresarial no constituye una panacea para el desarrollo. Por ello, se discuten a profundidad una serie de limitaciones potenciales de las estrategias orientadas hacia la iniciativa empresarial y cómo estas limitaciones pueden contrarrestarse. Este libro presenta detalladas recomendaciones de política tanto en el ámbito gubernamental local como nacional. Las recomendaciones se relacionan con tres ámbitos temáticos: estrategia, financiamiento y diseño de programas. Se espera que estos lineamientos sean de utilidad para los gobiernos centrales y locales en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de programas y estrategias eficaces en términos de costos. En este sentido, la presente publicación describe los tipos de investigación que deben llevarse a cabo para lograr un mejor entendimiento de los temas clave de política.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264019171
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Die in den neunziger Jahren und auch noch zu Beginn dieses Jahrzehnts beobachteten Wachstumsmuster haben die früheren Theorien auf den Kopf gestellt. Während des größten Teils der Nachkriegszeit wurde in den OECD-Ländern mit vergleichsweise geringem Pro-Kopf-BIP ein stärkeres Wirtschaftswachstum verzeichnet als in den reicheren Ländern. In den neunziger Jahren wurde diese scheinbare Gesetzmäßigkeit dann aber durchbrochen. Namentlich die Vereinigten Staaten, deren Pro-Kopf-BIP im Vergleich zu den anderen großen Volkswirtschaften bereits relativ hoch war, konnten ihren Vorsprung ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre weiter vergrößern. Die Wirtschaftsleistung der meisten kontinentaleuropäischen Länder ist demgegenüber nach wie vor schwach, und die japanische Wirtschaft stagniert weiterhin. Wo liegen die Hauptursachen für die Wachstumsunterschiede innerhalb der OECD? Bis zu welchem Grad sind sie auf neue Technologien und FuE zurückzuführen? Welche Rolle spielt die makroökonomische Politik? Wie wichtig sind Aus- und Weiterbildung? Welchen Einfluss haben Arbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmarktflexibilität und Produktmarktwettbewerb? Führen Startups dem Markt Kapital und neue Ideen zu? Welche Bedeutung haben die Hemmnisse für Unternehmensgründungen und ‑aufgaben? Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über diese Fragen und liefert neue Erkenntnisse über die Antriebskräfte des Wirtschaftswachstums in den OECD-Ländern.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.9
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the ninth in this series, presenting the Dutch SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264063556
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (530 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World; First Results from PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain ; Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 ; Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã; Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World; First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World: First Results from PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain : Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 : Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã: Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World: First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Education
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.409
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Expenditure Management in France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 90, lorsque le déficit des administrations publiques de la France avait atteint le niveau inquiétant de 6 pour cent du PIB, les finances publiques du pays se sont nettement redressées, même si de nouvelles améliorations substantielles sont nécessaires. Ce document examine les outils dont disposent les décideurs publics pour relever ce défi. Il en ressort clairement que, étant donné la part relativement réduite du budget de l’État dans les dépenses totales, le secteur de l’État ne peut à lui seul résoudre le problème. Le système de sécurité sociale, principale source de la poussée des dépenses, a un rôle à jouer, mais il en va de même des administrations infranationales – surtout si le transfert prévu de nouvelles compétences à l’échelon local se réalise. Pour pouvoir orienter la dépense publique de manière à créer des marges de manœuvre, les décideurs publics devront clarifier les structures de gouvernance de façon que les responsables de l’administration ...
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 91 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.20
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The OECD regularly produces estimates of tax burdens and benefit entitlements for a range of “typical household” situations. The results of these calculations (published in the Benefits and Wages and Taxing Wages series) are frequently used to compare countries’ tax-benefit systems and to assess progress towards specific policy objectives. This paper presents information on particular aspects of the structure of household populations across countries in order to help in the interpretation of results based on such “typical” family situations. A range of internationally comparable data sources are used to assess how relevant household circumstances such as family structure, labour market attachment and benefit coverage vary across countries. The results are used as a basis for clarifying the scope of tax-benefit indicators based on synthetically constructed household typologies. “Typical household” calculations cannot be used to address essential distributional issues such as how ...
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264106451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficience institutionnelle et ses déterminants ; le rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficience institutionnelle et ses déterminants : le rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: New Institutional Economics (NIE) takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding economic phenomena like growth, efficiency and income distribution. The authors of this book attempt to provide an integrated methodology, hitherto lacking in NIE, that analyses both the impact of institutions on economic development and the determinants that shape institutional quality. Using the case of Argentina, they use the analytical framework developed and explained in the book to test their theoretical hypotheses. They find that their concept of institutional quality and their delineation between economic and political institutions work in practice. In addition, their consideration of particular institutions – democracy and autocracy – and their reflections on the impact of “traditional” legal and cultural frameworks add a dimension to the book that gives it a controversial, but stimulating timeliness. At a time when national governments and international institutions are seeking ways to improve governance and accelerate growth, particularly in the poorer countries, this book provides valuable insights for policy makers and those who advise them. It offers convincing evidence about the quality of institutions as a determining factor in development and suggests how such quality might be improved.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.409
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion des dépenses publiques en France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Since the early 1990s, when France's general government deficit reached a disturbing 6 per cent of GDP, the country's public finances have progressed substantially, even though significantly further improvement is required. This paper examines the tools available to policy-makers to meet this challenge. The clearest message is that, given the relatively small size of the State Budget in total spending, the challenge cannot be met by the State sector alone. Social security, as the principal source of spending pressure, must play a role, but so too must sub-national government -- especially if current plans to transfer additional responsibilities to the local level go through. If policy-makers are to succeed in directing public expenditure so as to create this room, they will have to clarify governance structures so that those who administer programmes face appropriate incentives to control costs and maximise programme efficiency ...
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264108639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Espagne 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Espagne 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales: España 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Spain
    Abstract: This review of Spain’s environmental performance takes stock of Spain’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1997. It finds that despite substantial increases in GDP, tourism, construction, population density in coastal areas, and road freight transport, progress has been made in decoupling some environmental pressures from economic growth and in developing environmental infrastructure. Nevertheless, Spain faces important challenges related to high energy intensity, high water use intensity, and increasing CO2 emissions and municipal waste. This report makes 46 recommendations to help strengthen Spain’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
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